To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Contratti associativi.
Journal articles on the topic 'Contratti associativi'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Contratti associativi.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Mohamad Hamdan, Noor Aishah, Azila Ahmad Sarkawi, Siti Nora Haryati Abdullah Habib, and Ahmad Azam Othman. "Assessment of Ta’widh and Gharamah in Islamic Financing Contract and Its Applicability Potential for Construction Works Contracts." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 5, no. 15 (December 25, 2020): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5i15.2504.
Full textAbstract:
Ta'widh and gharamah are the Shariah compliant late payment charges primarily used for Islamic financial contracts. Seven identified themes were used to qualitatively compare and contrast between the Guidelines on Late Payment Charges for Islamic Banking Institutions (2012) against the provisions of interest for late interim payment from four Malaysian construction works contracts. The findings revealed similarities and differences for identification of Shariah compliance. Recommendations were made for the harmonisation of ta’widh and gharamah in the construction works contracts while ensuring its practical and legal applicability. The outcome is beneficial for Islamic organisations and Muslims involved with the construction works. Keywords: ta’widh and gharamah, late payment, interest,construction, eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5i15.2504.
2
Lambertucci, Pietro. "Contratto collettivo, rappresentanza e rappresentativitŕ sindacale: spunti per il dibattito." GIORNALE DI DIRITTO DEL LAVORO E DI RELAZIONI INDUSTRIALI, no. 124 (March 2010): 551–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/gdl2009-124001.
Full textAbstract:
Il saggio, nel ripercorrere il dibattito sulla rappresentanza sindacale nell'impiego privato, propone una disaggregazione dell'analisi, in relazione alla necessitŕ di calare i diversi modelli nei contesti nei quali si esprime il potere negoziale del sindacato. Nello specifico, per quanto riguarda la contrattazione collettiva nazionale di categoria, si aderisce alla tesi che ricostruisce la rappresentanza sindacale come rappresentanza associativa, mentre la rappresentanza sindacale nelle singole aziende si caratterizza come rappresentanza istituzionale (viene, in particolare, individuata la disciplina negoziale sulle rappresentanze sindacali unitarie che derivano il loro potere dalla consultazione elettorale di tutti i dipendenti occupati nell'azienda). L'analisi poi della rappresentativitŕ sindacale, con riguardo alla nozione di sindacato comparativamente piů rappresentativo, si confronta, per un verso, con l'art. 39 Cost. e si conclude, per altro verso, con l'osservazione che i contratti collettivi ai quali la legge connette effetti legali richiedono "l'unitŕ contrattuale" del sindacato. Si propone, infine, un intervento legislativo volto a generalizzare l'esperienza delle rappresentanze sindacali aziendali e a poggiare il richiamo alla maggiore rappresentativitŕ comparata su un meccanismo associativo ed elettorale insieme, in relazione alla devoluzione di funzioni demandate dalla legge.
3
Weale, Albert. "Associative Obligation and the Social Contract." Philosophia 45, no. 2 (January 5, 2017): 463–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11406-016-9797-5.
Full text
4
Lesser, Lenard I., Caroline A. Thompson, and Harold S. Luft. "Association Between Monetary Deposits and Weight Loss in Online Commitment Contracts." American Journal of Health Promotion 32, no. 1 (August 8, 2016): 198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890117116661157.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: To examine the characteristics of voluntary online commitment contracts that may be associated with greater weight loss. Design: Retrospective analysis of weight loss commitment contracts derived from a company that provides web-based support for personal commitment contracts. Using regression, we analyzed whether percentage weight loss differed between participants who incentivized their contract using monetary deposits and those who did not. Setting: Online. Participants: Users (N = 3857) who voluntarily signed up online in 2013 for a weight loss contract. Intervention: Participants specified their own weight loss goal, time period, and self-reported weekly weight. Deposits were available in the following 3 categories: charity, anticharity (a nonprofit one does not like), or donations made to a friend. Measures: Percentage weight loss per week. Analysis: Multivariable linear regressions. Results: Controlling for several participant and contract characteristics, contracts with anticharity, charity, and friend deposits had greater reported weight loss than nonincentivized contracts. Weight change per week relative to those without deposits was −0.33%, −0.28%, and −0.25% for anti-charity, charity, and friend, respectively ( P < 0.001). Contracts without a weight verification method claimed more weight loss than those with verification. Conclusion: Voluntary use of commitment contracts may be an effective tool to assist weight loss. Those who choose to use monetary incentives report more weight loss. It is not clear whether this is due to the incentives or higher motivation.
5
Mohai, Máté. "The memorandum of association in the light of the provisions on contracts of the Hungarian Civil Code." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta, Novi Sad 55, no. 1 (2021): 335–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfns55-26939.
Full textAbstract:
The new Hungarian Civil Code regulates the memorandums of association of companies in its Third Book, while the Sixth Book contains the provisions of (other?) contracts. The memorandum of association is quite different from typical civil law contracts. Its most characteristic feature is that it establishes a legal entity. In most cases, the regulation of the memorandum of association is different from the provisions on contracts set out in the Civil Code, and there is no provision in the law according to which the latter should also be applied to the memorandum of association. But should they?
6
Ferreira de Assumpção Alves, Alexandre, and José Carlos Jordão Pinto Dias. "Aspectos jurídicos dos contratos associativos no Brasil e a perspectiva da jurisprudência do Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica (CADE)." Revista Electrónica de Direito 24, no. 1 (February 2021): 9–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/2182-9845_2021-0001_0003.
Full textAbstract:
O presente trabalho tem por tarefa analisar aspectos jurídicos dos contratos associativos, categoria jurídica prevista no art. 90 da Lei n. 12.529/2011. As decisões mais recentes do CADE, à luz da Resolução n. 17/2016, fixaram quatro requisitos para que o contrato seja qualificado como associativo, para fins do art. 90 da Lei 12.529/2011, quais sejam, i) as partes sejam concorrentes; ii) duração superior a dois anos; iii) empreendimento comum para exploração de atividade econômica; e iv) compartilhamento de riscos e resultados. O método utilizado foi o dedutivo, valendo-se de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Trata-se ainda de uma investigação multidisciplinar sendo tema relativo ao Direito Contratual, Direito Concorrencial e Direito Econômico. O artigo apresenta, em primeiro lugar, o fenômeno da desverticalização empresarial e da ascensão da colaboração entre agentes econômicos. Em seguida, trata dos institutos da coordenação, colaboração e concentração econômicas. Na sequência, pretende conceituar os contratos associativos, analisando o fundamento legal do instituto. Faz-se ainda uma breve digressão pela Resolução do CADE n. 17/2016, que regulamentou as hipóteses de notificação dos contratos associativos, em substituição à Resolução n. 10/2014. Adiante, tece distinção entre os contratos associativos e outros institutos. Analisa os julgamentos do Tribunal do CADE que tratam do tema. Ao final, são apresentadas conclusões a respeito da pesquisa.
7
Moscatelli, Valerio. "La cooperazione tra imprese e il contratto di rete." ECONOMIA E DIRITTO DEL TERZIARIO, no. 1 (October 2011): 33–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ed2011-001003.
Full textAbstract:
La legge n. 5/2009 all'art. 3, comma 4-ter disciplina il contratto di rete, quale forma di cooperazione tra imprese. La rete si configura come contratto associativo plurilaterale (1420) tramite il quale due o piů imprese si obbligano ad istituire un'organizzazione comune, al fine di esercitare in comune un'attivitŕ economica rientrante negli oggetti sociali di ciascuna impresa, allo scopo di accrescere la capacitŕ innovativa e la competitivitŕ sul mercato. La cooperazione tra le imprese č fenomeno diffuso in campo internazionale dove la prassi commerciale evidenzia un atteggiamento sempre piů aperto verso la stipulazione di joint ventures agreements e potrebbe in futuro trovare conveniente applicare anche lo schema del contratto di rete.
8
Colman, Alan, and Jun Han. "Using Association Aspects to Implement Organisational Contracts." Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 150, no. 3 (May 2006): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.entcs.2006.03.004.
Full text
9
de Souza, João Antônio Salvador, Patrícia Maria Bortolon, and Ricardo Pereira Câmara Leal. "Related party transactions, disclosure and ownership structure in Brazil." Corporate Ownership and Control 17, no. 3 (2020): 134–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv17i3art10.
Full textAbstract:
This article investigates the association between RPTs, disclosure, ownership structure, and performance in Brazil and uses a hand-collected sample of 3,790 Brazilian RPT contracts obtained from corporate filings of a representative and randomly drawn sample of public companies from 2010 through 2012. Firms with greater conflicts of interest potential may employ less RPTs to signal that there will be no abuse. There is a negative and significant relationship between RPT values and accounting performance, but the same is not true for market value. The evidence in this article contrasts with that presented in national surveys by Matos and Galdi (2014) and Silveira, Prado, and Sasso (2009a), which may reflect different methodological choices. Companies and market participants may realize that some types of RPTs are beneficial and others harmful to minority shareholders and their short and long term impacts on performance are not the same. The evidence suggests that both the hypothesis of efficient economic transactions and of the conflict of interest may have merit depending on the type of RPT and the performance metrics.
10
Rouméas, Élise. "Enabling Exit: Religious Association and Membership Contract." Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 23, no. 5 (September 12, 2020): 947–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10677-020-10119-7.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis paper investigates the right of exit from religious associations. The liberal state has a compelling interest in overseeing exit, even if it implies some loss in religious group autonomy. Members should not be bound by rules they find unconscionable. They should be free to leave and able to do so. To enable exit, the paper advocates the use of membership contracts. Religious associations should issue a contract for members working for, residing in, or donating money to the association under a regime of legal exemptions. The membership contract publicises the right of exit and offers a basis for negotiating and contesting its terms. It makes exit less “unthinkable” to members and helps tackle unreasonable economic costs to exit.
11
Nardi, Angelo, Luca Dei Bardi, Marina Davoli, Nera Agabiti, and Giulia Cesaroni. "Differences in mortality between temporary and permanent workers: results from the Rome Longitudinal Study." BMJ Open 12, no. 5 (May 2022): e058594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058594.
Full textAbstract:
ObjectivePrecarious employment is characterised by instability, lack of protection and economic vulnerability. The objective of this study was to assess the association between temporary contracts and mortality.DesignCohort study.SettingRome, Italy.ParticipantsAll employees, aged 25–65 years, from the Rome Longitudinal Study, followed from 21 October 2001 to the first date among death, migration from Rome, or 31 December 2015.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe investigated all-cause, cardiovascular and accidental mortality. We considered gender, age, place of birth, education, temporary versus permanent contract and sector of employment. We used Cox models to investigate the association between type of contract and total, cardiovascular and accidental mortality in men and women, overall and by employment sector.ResultsWe analysed 597 834 subjects. The proportion of temporary contracts varied by gender (9.6% in men and 13.3% in women) and by employment sector, ranging from 4.5% (public administration) to 27% (recreational, cultural, sports activities) in men. During the study period, 21 136 subjects died. Men with temporary contracts, compared with those with permanent positions, had greater overall mortality risk (HR=1.16, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.24), cardiovascular mortality (HR=1.29, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.45) and accidental mortality (HR=1.27, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.57). In men, the association varied widely among different economic sectors, with greater risks in the industry, building constructions and social services sectors. In women, there was no evidence of association between temporary contracts and mortality. A statistically significant association between temporary contracts and mortality in women was found in the sector of sales and transports only.ConclusionsTemporary work should be considered a determinant of health, particularly for specific economic sectors.
12
Sonmezer, Sitki, and Vedat Akman. "DETERMINANTS OF GROWTH IN FRANCHISING CONTRACTS IN EMERGING MARKETS; EVIDENCES FROM TURKEY." EMAJ: Emerging Markets Journal 2, no. 1 (February 3, 2012): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/emaj.2012.23.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to examine the franchise sector and determine the significant factors that contribute to an increase in the number of franchiser’s contracts in Turkey. Secondary data is used from the Turkish Franchise Association and multivariate regression models are run for each sector. Our models explain the change in the number of franchise contracts with R2’s varying between .6577 and .7549. We provide evidence that success factors in increasing the number of contracts change depending on the sector firms operating in and contracts may be designed thusly to pursue success.
13
Reda-Ciszewska, Anna. "WOLNOŚĆ KOALICJI ZWIĄZKOWEJ PRACOWNIKÓW NIETYPOWYCH, OSóB ZATRUDNIONYCH NA PODSTAWIE UMÓW CYWILNOPRAWNYCH I SAMOZATRUDNIONYCH." Zeszyty Prawnicze 13, no. 4 (December 11, 2016): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zp.2013.13.4.06.
Full textAbstract:
FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION OF ATYPICAL EMPLOYEES, PERSONS EMPLOYED ON THE GROUNDS OF CIVIL CONTRACTS, AND THE SELF-EMPLOYED Summary This article discusses the freedom of association of atypical employees, persons employed on the grounds of civil law contracts, and the selfemployed. Polish law guarantees the right of association to employees on the grounds of its labour law (kodeks pracy). However, the International Labour Organisation Convention denies the right of association to members of the armed forces, police, and public administration. In 2011 a complaint was submitted to the Committee on Freedom of Association, which has drawn up recommendations for Polish law. The author analyses the solutions of Polish law in the context of the Committee’s recommendations on freedom of association for atypical employees, persons employed on a civil law contract, and the self-employed.
14
Sobiech, Maciej, and Agnieszka Sobiech. "Taxation of contracts (articles of association) and amendments to company contracts (articles of association) under the Act on tax on civil law transactions (part 1)." Doradztwo Podatkowe - Biuletyn Instytutu Studiów Podatkowych 3, no. 283 (March 31, 2020): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0628.
Full textAbstract:
The subject of taxation with this tax are civil law transactions enumerated in art. 1 of the PCC Act. Unnamed civil law transactions as well as activities not listed in the catalog contained in this article are not taxable. The tax on civil law transactions – as an indirect tax – is a complement to the regulations on the tax on goods and services, i.e. it includes primarily reliable turnover of assets. The activities charged with the tax on civil law transactions are enumerated in art. 1 of the PCC Act. This means that those activities that were not explicitly listed by the legislator in the catalog are not subject to the tax. Moreover, this tax does not apply to contracts that have no equivalent in art. 1 clause 1 of the PCC Act, even if they contain elements of contracts subject to tax. Since the Act on PCC contains a closed list of activities subject to taxation, and when defining this catalog, uses the terms of private law or introduces his own concepts (e.g. change in the articles of association), there is reasonable doubt. The use of the notion of private law under the tax law makes it necessary to determine the scope of the concept which: occurs in tax law, has a term identical to the one used in civil law, is not explained in tax law, but is explained (i.e. it is known its scope) in civil law. One of the activities that subject to tax on civil law transactions is the articles of association and amendment to the articles of associatio n.
15
No authorship indicated. "Association report: Grant and contract activity in 2008." American Psychologist 64, no. 5 (2009): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0015911.
Full text
16
Antunes, Fátima, and Sofia Viseu. "Education governance and privatization in Portugal: Media coverage on public and private education." education policy analysis archives 27 (October 14, 2019): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.27.4293.
Full textAbstract:
This paper aims to discuss recent changes in Portugal’s education policy. Portugal offers an interesting scenario to study the different ways the economic crisis has brought new opportunities to strengthen the privatization agenda. We specifically focus on media coverage and the contractualization of education services with private schools through ‘association contracts’. In the 1980s the Portuguese State through these contracts financed private schools to operate in areas where the public offering was insufficient, thereby ensuring the public access to education and preventing marginalization. Nowadays, however, these contracts are seen as an ideological banner both for and against education privatization. We present an empirical study based on documental analysis of 180 news articles published in the Portuguese media on the changes in the contractualization of education services. The results show two main audiences sustaining distinct societal projects, comprised of a variety of actors, who are either for or against ‘association contracts’. The actors justify their positions based on their understanding of the State’s role in providing education, the policies involving the right to education and decreasing inequalities.
17
Wang, Rui Zhong. "Analysis of the Association for Shanghai Composite Index and Stock Index Futures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 5672–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.5672.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, data mining association rules algorithms and techniques for relevance Shanghai CSI 300 Shanghai Financial Futures Exchange and the Shanghai Stock Index Futures Stock Exchange Composite Index were analyzed. The results show that the futures contracts and price movements highly positive correlation exists. The author believes that between the two since it is highly positive relationship, IF way of trading and settlement transactions should be fully consistent with the way the Shanghai Stock Exchange and deliver company's stock. Thus, equal opportunity traders in futures contracts and stock traders, more conducive to the development of China's securities market.
18
Thompson, Andrew. "Using model form contracts in the Australian oil and gas industry." APPEA Journal 51, no. 1 (2011): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj10037.
Full textAbstract:
The adoption of model form contracts makes good business and legal risk management sense. In an Australian context there are a number of model form contracts available for each phase of an oil and gas project. This paper focuses on a few key examples including the Association of International Petroleum Negotiators (AIPN) Model Form Farmout Agreement and related Term Sheet, and the AIPN Model Form International Operating Agreement. Recent statutory changes, world events and practical drafting trends affecting the use of model form contracts also are commented on.
19
Zackin, Emily. "Rethinking Blaisdell: State Debt Relief and the Limits of Constitutional Doctrine." Law & Social Inquiry 45, no. 3 (February 28, 2020): 658–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lsi.2019.68.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn the landmark case Home Building & Loan Association v. Blaisdell (1934), the Supreme Court of the United States upheld a state-level debt relief statute that was quite similar to those it had long deemed to violate the Contracts Clause. The dissent even argued that the Contracts Clause was written precisely to prohibit this type of state legislation. Rather than seeking to understand or characterize this doctrinal shift, as most work on Blaisdell has done, this article argues that Contracts Clause doctrine had never actually eradicated the state practice of intervening in contracts. The article both highlights and explains the long-standing mismatch between Contracts Clause doctrine and state legislative practice that preceded this ruling. Whatever Blaisdell meant as a matter of doctrine, it should also be understood as evidence of a durable state-level commitment to protecting debtors from the potentially ruinous consequences of private economic bargains.
20
Fielden, Jonathan. "Consultant contract: the view of the British Medical Association." Hospital Medicine 65, no. 7 (July 2004): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/hosp.2004.65.7.15446.
Full text
21
Awasthi, Manish, Vipul Upadhyay, and Shashank Dwivedi. "Discussion of Associational Freedom in The United States." Stallion Journal for Multidisciplinary Associated Research Studies 1, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.55544/sjmars.1.1.3.
Full textAbstract:
This article studies the freedom of association of employees in international labor law and US law; compares and contrasts between international law and US law, and from there, points out the shortcomings of employees’ freedom of association in the law of this leading country.
22
Payarola, Ignacio. "The 2014 AIPN UROA Model Contract as a master contract for unconventional deals in Argentina." Journal of World Energy Law & Business 13, no. 4 (August 1, 2020): 312–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jwelb/jwaa027.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This article provides an overview of the hydrocarbons and environmental regulatory framework in Argentina and a legal analysis of the 2014 Association of International Petroleum Negotiators UROA’s adaptability to the oil and gas activities at the upstream level in such country, with special focus on the Vaca Muerta basin.
23
GLANC, GINA A., and ROBERT L. GREENE. "Orthographic neighborhood size effects and associative recognition." American Journal of Psychology 122, no. 1 (April 1, 2009): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27784374.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Three experiments on the role of orthographic distinctiveness (as measured by neighborhood size [N]) in associative recognition are reported. A mirror effect was obtained, with high-N words receiving more hits and fewer false alarms than low-N words. This pattern was replicated in Experiment 2, where participants carried out a relational orienting task. However, the high-N advantage in hit rates was eliminated in Experiment 3 when subjects carried out an item-processing orienting task. The high-N advantage in associative recognition contrasts with the low-N advantage found in item recognition. This reversal of mirror effects between item and associative recognition is empirically similar to patterns found in studies of normative word frequency.
24
Tabanifar, Bahareh, Zhuoshen Zhao, and Ed Manser. "PAK5 is auto-activated by a central domain that promotes kinase oligomerization." Biochemical Journal 473, no. 12 (June 10, 2016): 1777–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20160132.
Full textAbstract:
The present study shows for the first time that self-association of PAK5 in vivo underlies its high basal activity, which contrasts with the inactive state of cellular PAK4. Such PAK5 self-association interferes with the engagement of the auto-inhibitory (AID) with the catalytic domain.
25
Poisson, Fransez, Patricia Loncle, and Maryam Mahamat. "Les personnes exilées et les associations locales en temps de pandémie : d’une crise à l’autre." Lien social et Politiques, no. 88 (July 27, 2022): 152–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1090985ar.
Full textAbstract:
Les actions associatives développées avec les personnes exilées s’inscrivent dans des crises durables de l’accueil et de la solidarité. Le confinement de la population instauré en mars 2020 a eu des effets sur le rôle des acteurs associatifs. Dans quelle mesure la prise en charge inconditionnelle des précarités résidentielles et alimentaires, décidée au début de la crise sanitaire en 2020, génère-t-elle des changements durables dans les mobilisations associatives locales avec les personnes exilées? Nos enquêtes menées à Rennes auprès d’associations nous permettent d’expliquer que la gestion centralisée de la crise par l’État, notamment concernant l’hébergement temporaire des personnes exilées précaires, contraste avec les actions coordonnées entre la municipalité et plusieurs associations locales dans le champ de l’aide alimentaire. Que ce soit dans le traitement des besoins des personnes exilées de se nourrir ou de se loger, les actions développées durant la crise sanitaire témoignent d’une prise en charge inconditionnelle exceptionnelle, revendiquée habituellement par les associations. La question du maintien des aides sans condition en matière d’alimentation et d’hébergement au-delà de la crise sanitaire se pose alors.
26
Evans, John H., Kyonghee Kim, and Nandu J. Nagarajan. "Uncertainty, Legal Liability, and Incentive Contracts." Accounting Review 81, no. 5 (October 1, 2006): 1045–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr.2006.81.5.1045.
Full textAbstract:
To address agents' moral hazard over effort, incentive contracts impose risk on the agents. As performance measures become noisier, the conventional agency analysis predicts that principals will reduce the incentive weights assigned to such measures. However, prior empirical results (Prendergast 2002) frequently find the opposite, i.e., incentive weights are larger (agents bear more risk) in more uncertain environments. This paper provides new evidence on the association between the extent of uncertainty and the level of risk imposed on agents. In the context of contracts between managed care organizations and physicians, we examine the effect of task characteristics and the legal liability environment on the extent of risk that physicians bear. We derive the optimal weighting of multiple performance measures in a model of a physician's choice of revenue-generating and cost-control efforts. The model predicts that physicians who face less task uncertainty bear more cost risk in their contracts, as predicted by the conventional moral hazard model. Likewise, the model predicts that as the association between task uncertainty and legal liability uncertainty becomes stronger, physicians bear less cost risk in their contracts. Our empirical results generally support these predictions. We offer an explanation for why these results tend to be consistent with the conventional moral hazard analysis, contrary to empirical results in a number of previous studies.
27
Baniak, Greg M., Andrew D. La Croix, Camilo A. Polo, Tiffany L. Playter, S. George Pemberton, and Murray K. Gingras. "Associating X-Ray Microtomography with Permeability Contrasts in Bioturbated Media." Ichnos 21, no. 4 (October 2, 2014): 234–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10420940.2014.958224.
Full text
28
Collette, Christine. "“Friendly Spirit, Comradeship, and Good-Natured Fun”: Adventures in Socialist Internationalism." International Review of Social History 48, no. 2 (August 2003): 225–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859003001020.
Full textAbstract:
This essay compares and contrasts two British organizations, the Workers' Travel Association (1921–1966) and the British Workers' Sports Association (1930–1957). It considers their motives, their relationships with the labour movement domestically and internationally, and how far they were able to maintain the international activities to which they aspired.
29
Pittman, Miles, Jaclyn Hesje, and Adam Lamoureux. "Gross Negligence in Canadian Energy Contracts." Alberta Law Review 51, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/alr68.
Full textAbstract:
The narrow definition of gross negligence in the 2007 Canadian Association of Petroleum Landmen Operating Procedure highlights the varied definitions across oil and gas contracts of gross negligence. The jurisprudence with respect to gross negligence does not follow particular patterns, and focuses instead on each case’s specific facts; this has, in the author’s view, led contract drafters over time to specify in detail what is and is not gross negligence. The article provides a framework for analyzing situations where gross negligence may have occurred and provides contract drafting suggestions in respect of gross negligence.
30
Agarwal, Promila. "Role of Personality in the Formation of Psychological Contract." Global Business Review 18, no. 4 (May 15, 2017): 1059–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150917692407.
Full textAbstract:
The current research is aimed to investigate the association between personality and the formation of the psychological contract (PC) in India. A sample of 262 employees was used to test the hypotheses. The study provides the theoretical explanation beneath the association of personality and formation of the PC. It reveals how personality is associated with employee obligations and employer obligations. The findings have practical implications in managing the PC. The examination of the association of the PC (employee and employer obligations and fulfilment of obligations) and personality can have direct implications for human resource (HR) practitioners in managing their HR practices. The study adds to the theory of the PC by exploring one of the factors underlying the idiosyncratic nature of the PC.
31
Leonard, Patrick, and Hayley O’Donnell. "Arbitration in Derivatives Contracts." Journal of International Arbitration 39, Issue 1 (February 1, 2022): 61–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia2022003.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, the International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) has increasingly facilitated the use of arbitration as a means of resolving disputes arising out of derivatives transactions. Although the financial services industry is said to have traditionally preferred court-based dispute resolution, a number of factors suggest that market participants ought to consider the particular advantages of arbitration for such disputes. In particular, factors such as the ability of arbitration to mitigate enforcement risks in the absence of the mutual recognition of judgments and to deal with competing regulatory standards both in European and international derivatives suggest that arbitration should play an important role in the resolution of such disputes. This article reviews the history of arbitration in derivatives disputes and considers the recent moves by ISDA to facilitate the use of arbitration as a means of dispute resolution. It also considers the various options now available in this regard to market participants who seek to use ISDA standard form documentation, and the factors affecting the use of arbitration as a dispute resolution mechanism. It concludes that more research and data is required to monitor the use of arbitration in this area. Arbitration – arbitral rules and institutions – ISDA – Derivatives – financial services – arbitral award, recognition and enforcement – enforcement – choice of law
32
Zhao, Fang, and James Moser. "Bank Lending and Interest- Rate Derivatives." International Journal of Financial Research 8, no. 4 (September 14, 2017): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v8n4p23.
Full textAbstract:
Using data that cover a full business cycle, this paper documents a direct relationship between interest-rate derivative usage by U.S. banks and growth in their commercial and industrial (C&I) loan portfolios. This positive association holds for interest-rate options contracts, forward contracts, and futures contracts. This result is consistent with the implication of Diamond’s model (1984) that predicts that a bank’s use of derivatives permits better management of systematic risk exposure, thereby lowering the cost of delegated monitoring, and generates net benefits of intermediation services. The paper’s sample consists of all FDIC-insured commercial banks between 1996 and 2004 having total assets greater than $300 million and having a portfolio of C&I loans. The main results remain after a robustness check.
33
Abdullah, Farhah, Ong Tze Chin, Mohd Safri Mohammed Na’aim, and Nor Honey Dayatie. "Legislative Enforcement of Contractual Fairness in Malaysian Consumer Contracts." Journal of ASIAN Behavioural Studies 4, no. 13 (April 30, 2019): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/jabs.v4i13.334.
Full textAbstract:
Consumers faced with contract do not know what 'small print' contains or understand its effect. Exclusion clauses may deprive a consumer of specific rights in which he deserves protection. The Consumer Protection Act 1999 in Malaysia, allows the consumers to identify between procedural unfairness and substantive unfairness. However, the Consumer Protection Act 1999 does not adequately protect the consumer. By applying the content analysis research method, this paper reviews the legislative and judicial intervention on unfair terms in consumer contracts. This article advocates that Malaysia should establish a specific framework on consumer law protection against unfair terms in consumer contracts.
Keywords: Exclusion clauses; unfair terms; consumer contracts; judicial-legislative intervention
eISSN 2514-7528 © 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/jabs.v4i13.334
34
Janse van Rensburg, B. "Psychiatry's and Psychiatrists’ Contract with Society." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1967.
Full textAbstract:
IntroductionThe World Psychiatric Association (WPA) is a world-wide association of national psychiatric associations, aiming to increase knowledge and skills necessary for work in the field of mental health and care of the mentally ill. It was suggested that Psychiatry's relationship with society should be seen as a contract [1]. This implicit understanding usually specifies the scope, principles, quality and outcome of this agreement. It also implies a series of reciprocal rights and duties, privileges and obligations, as well as expectations from both sides.AimTo investigate the extent of existing social contracting of WPA Member Associations (MAs) and WPA structures regarding:– communities they serve;– general public;– medical institutions;– other practitioner groups in the multidisciplinary team;– administrations, managers and funders.ObjectivesInclude to describe the current scope of psychiatric practice across WPA regions and the content of existing social contracts.MethodsA mixed–methods, explorative, descriptive, theory generating inquiry, with different phases, including a systematic review of literature and WPA documentation, electronic questionnaires to MAs and focus group discussions with WPA ZS chairs/representatives.ResultsMA profiles and progress indicators were identified and summarised. A transcription of group discussions was made, while pertaining documents, questionnaires and in depth/focus group interview content was analysed.ConclusionsThis presentation will report on progress with this study to date.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
35
Setiawan, Iwan, Muhamad Izazi Nurjaman, and Nana Herdiana. "The Implementation Of Hybrid Contracts For Restructuring Non-Performing Financing In Sharia Banks." Dinar: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Islam 9, no. 1 (January 23, 2022): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/dinar.v9i1.13011.
Full textAbstract:
Restructuring non-performing financing is one of the solutions to save financing performance as one of the largest contributors to Islamic banking revenue. However, in practice it is not easy for Islamic banks to do so, because Islamic banks must consider the precautionary principle which has implications for risks that will occur in the future. In addition, the use of hybrid contracts in the restructuring mechanism for non-performing financing is an integral part in minimizing these risks. This study tries to reveal the application of hybrid contracts in the restructuring of non-performing financing in Islamic banking.This article uses a descriptive literature research method obtained from the results of the analysis of the primary data source, namely the substance of the legislation and the DSN-MUI fatwa. So this research uses a normative juridical approach. This type of research includes qualitative research with data analysis techniques that provide a conclusion in the form of accountable information.The results of this study reveal the fact that the application of hybrid contract contracts in the restructuring of non-performing financing in Islamic banking uses a lot of hybrid types of assembled contracts (al-'uqud al-Mujtami'ah), namely the existence of an association of contracts between tabarru' (qordh) and contracts mu'awadhat (sale and purchase, ijarah, IMBT, mudharabah and musharaka).
36
Jagodic, Tone, and Zlatko Mateša. "Specific characteristics of sponsorship contract." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Splitu 59, no. 1 (April 26, 2022): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31141/zrpfs.2022.59.143.121.
Full textAbstract:
Sponsorship contract represents one of the legal backgrounds which is commonly used in modern sport. As a relatively “young” and quite specific contract it has not been codificated yet. The causa of a sponsorship contract is linked to the expectations of both parties of the contract at the time of the conclusion of the contract. As a bilateral contract of obligation, sponsorship has a strong economic background which is the leverage for the conclusion of the contract. A definition that highlights the characteristics of sponsorship contains the International Chamber of Commerce Advertising and marketing communication Code. There are several different elements of the definition which characteristically represent the essence of the sponsorship relationship. Among them are the mutual benefit of the sponsor and sponsored entity, providing of finance or other support, ambition to establish an association between the sponsor’s image, brands or products and a sponsorship property, return for rights, promotion of the association between parties, grant of certain agreed direct or indirect benefits, and some others. In the article there are explanations of different above elements. It seems that the above parameters are the essence of the sponsorship agreement which also reflects the basic elements of the definition of the ICC sponsorship agreement. The ICC definition provides a basis that fully captures the typical elements of a sponsorship contract and which could lead to future efforts in terms of finding the right definition for a possible legal codification of the sponsorship contract. From the sponsor’s point of view, sponsorship represents an attempt to identify with the value of the sponsored entity, the purpose of which is further manifested by the promotion of this link, both leading to the sponsor’s objective of raising or improving its image in the public or in society. The key here is the ability of the sponsor to turn a challenge into an opportunity, which is then exploited. The opportunities must outweigh the challenges, which is the original motive of the sponsor in the sponsorship contract.
37
Latifah, Ilev Ilev, Ida Rapida, and Mimin Mintarsih. "Pengaruh Kepercayaan, Komitmen dan Syariah Compliance terhadap Loyalitas Nasabah Pembiayaan Multijasa dengan Akad Ijarah di PT BPRS HIK Parahyangan Bandung." Jurnal Dimamu 1, no. 2 (April 3, 2022): 170–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32627/dimamu.v1i2.475.
Full textAbstract:
Based on result of observations, that the background of this research is the number of multiservice financing customers with ijarah contracts that fluctuate, where there are many factors that influence the development of the number of multiservice financing customers with ijarah contracts at PT BPRS HIK Parahyangan Bandung. This study aims to determine how the influence of trust, commitment and sharia compliance on the loyalty of multi-service financing customers with ijarah contracts either partially or simultaneously at PT BPRS HIK Parahyangan Bandung. The object of research is multi-service financing customers with ijarah contracts at PT BPRS HIK Parahyangan Bandung. The type of research is associative quantitative, primary data and data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, literature study and questionnaires. Sampling with saturated sampling as many as 21 people. The results showed that there was an effect of trust on customer loyalty as seen from the analysis of the coefficient of determination of 40,3%, the effect of commitment on customer loyalty of 59,1% and the influence of sharia compliance on customer loyalty of 60,9%. There is a simultaneous influence between trust, commitment and sharia compliance on the loyalty of multiservice financing customers with ijarah contracts at PT BPRS HIK Parahyangan Bandung seen from the results of the coefficient of determination analysis with an R square value of 74,5%.
38
Jensen, Nathan M., and Noel P. Johnston. "Political Risk, Reputation, and the Resource Curse." Comparative Political Studies 44, no. 6 (May 16, 2011): 662–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414011401208.
Full textAbstract:
There is a growing literature on how natural resources affect both economic performance and political regimes. In this article the authors add to this literature by focusing on how natural resource wealth affects the incentives of governments to uphold contracts with foreign investors across all sectors. They argue that although all states suffer reputation costs from reneging on contracts, governments in natural-resource-dependent economies are less sensitive to these costs, leading to a greater probability of expropriation and contract disputes. Specifically, leaders weigh the benefits of reneging on contracts with investors against the reputation costs of openly violating agreements with firms. The authors’ theoretical model predicts a positive association between resource wealth and expropriation. Using a data set from the political risk insurance industry, the authors show that resource dependent economies have much higher levels of political risk.
39
Skocpol, Theda. "Social History and Historical Sociology: Contrasts and Complementarities." Social Science History 11, no. 1 (1987): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200015650.
Full textAbstract:
Over the ten years of its existence, the Social Science History Association has been a meeting place for groups in rebellion against the dominant orthodoxies of their disciplines. Thus it is fitting that an SSHA panel should assess the accomplishments and relationship of “social history” and “historical sociology,” two movements that have grown up as critiques of formerly dominant orientations in (respectively) the disciplines of history and sociology.
40
Jacobsen, Thomas, Katharina Buchta, Michael Köhler, and Erich Schröger. "The Primacy of Beauty in Judging the Aesthetics of Objects." Psychological Reports 94, no. 3_suppl (June 2004): 1253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.94.3c.1253-1260.
Full textAbstract:
The conceptual structure of the aesthetics of objects was investigated. To this end, associative namings for the word “aesthetics” were collected from 311 nonartist German college students in a timed verbal association task. 590 different adjectives were produced, depicting diversification of the concept. The adjective “beautiful” was given by more than 90% of the participants. The adjective “ugly” was the second most frequent naming, used by almost half of the students. All other namings were markedly less frequently produced. It is argues that the beautiful–ugly dimension represents the primary concept in the aesthetics of objects, so that performing aesthetic judgments of the beauty of objects comes naturally to individuals. In other words, the most prototypical aesthetic judgments are those of beauty. Furthermore, the majority of generated words had a positive valence as measured by an additional valence-rating study including 41 participants. This result contrasts with comparable studies of emotion terms, as such studies typically show a negativity bias. Frequency in general language use and valence of the adjectives did not account for the results.
41
Brown, Francis X. "The Proposed International Hotelkeeper's Contract …Does it Benefit Anyone?" Hospitality Education and Research Journal 9, no. 2 (May 1985): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109634808500900206.
Full textAbstract:
The International Institute for the Unification of Private Law proposed that an International Hotelkeeper's Contract be signed by all nations so that innkeeping laws be consistent throughout the world. The benefit to innkeepers is the right to sue guests who fail to use the agreed upon accommodations for a percentage of the first seven days rent if the innkeeper can prove actual damages. The disadvantage to the innkeeper is the responsibility for all guest property up to 500 to 1, 000 times the daily room rate. Lined up against the proposed contract are both the International Hotel Association and the American Hotel and Motel Association. In favor of the contract are the government representatives who voted for it. The paper discusses the seeming inconsistencies between the groups.
42
Weidemaier, W. Mark C., and Mitu Gulati. "Market Practice and the Evolution of Foreign Sovereign Immunity." Law & Social Inquiry 43, no. 02 (2018): 496–526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lsi.12274.
Full textAbstract:
The twentieth century witnessed a “tectonic” shift in international law, from absolute to restrictive theories of sovereign immunity. As conventionally understood, however, this transformation represented only a change in default rule. Under absolute immunity, courts could not hear lawsuits and enforce judgments against a foreign sovereign without its consent. Under restrictive immunity, foreign sovereigns were not immune to their commercial acts, regardless of consent. Using a two-century dataset of loan contracts, we show that market practice undermines this conventional understanding. For centuries, loan contracts were structured as if the rules of sovereign immunity could not be changed by contract. In the 1970s, however, market practice changed, seemingly in response to the codification of sovereign immunity law in the United States and United Kingdom. We explore why market practice conflicts with the conventional understanding of sovereign immunity, and we examine the association between codification and the structure of sovereign loan contracts.
43
Sáenz-Segura, F., R. A. Schipper, D. Miranda, and J. M. Chaves. "Modelling price scenarios for sustainable collective action and farm production: pepper in El Roble settlement, Costa Rica." Journal on Chain and Network Science 15, no. 1 (January 2015): 39–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jcns2015.x001.
Full textAbstract:
Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is considered a non-traditional cash crop for enhancing local development in Costa Rica and a suitable activity for small farmers. Trade of pepper has been done by using contractual agreements between producers and processors, which provides at least three functions: insurance, incentives and information. Contracts also require a high level of commitment from contracting parties to keep the equity, efficiency, and sustainability of the trade relationship. The shift of trade conditions from a competitive to a monopsony market encouraged a group of farmers to start an association that aims to bulk and process pepper from members. Breaching contracts by members of the association endanger this effort of sustainable entrepreneurship. This usually happens when temporary market conditions yield higher procurement prices by other competitors. This situation is also worsened by the lack of proper information on production and processing costs between the contracting parties, and then, the disagreement on the procurement price fixation and payment conditions. By using a mixed integer linear optimization model, we aim to identify the ‘best’ price of fresh pepper traded between both parties. We make use of primary information from 12 different farms on production costs and from the association on processing costs. The model incorporates minimum required net margins for all contracting parties, while modelling the net margins of each party, the amount of traded fresh pepper and preferred contract possibilities, given different fresh pepper price scenarios. At lower prices, some of the farmers that supply pepper, do this to just break-even. At higher prices, more is supplied by more farmers. Under monopsony conditions and individual contracts between parties, it is in the interest of the buyer to offer higher fresh pepper prices in order to buy and process more pepper, up to the point that the marginal costs of buying more pepper are equal to the marginal benefits of that extra pepper. This is because the processor has fixed costs, next to variable costs. Higher volumes reduce the average total costs of processing per kg of pepper, and thereby increase profit. When group contracts are possible, thus under bilateral monopoly conditions – farmers acting as ‘one’ seller and the processor as the only buyer – more fresh pepper is supplied at higher prices than under monopsony conditions as more farmers would have higher surpluses. At the same time the processor would have a higher profit than using individual contracts.
44
John, Kose, and Joshua Ronen. "Information Structures, Optimal Contracts and the Theory of the Firm." Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance 5, no. 1 (January 1990): 61–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0148558x9000500106.
Full textAbstract:
We are grateful for comments made by participants at the Symposium on the “Measurement of Profit and Productivity: Theory and Practice,” on December 16, 1988, in the University of Florida, cosponsored by the Vincent C. Ross Institute of Accounting Research, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, New York University, the Public Policy Research Center, Graduate School of Business, University of Florida, and The Kruger Center of Finance, Jerusalem School of Business Administration, Hebrew University; at workshops at the Leonard M. Stern School of Business, New York University; at the Accounting Research and Education Center of McMaster University; at the European Accounting Association meeting in Stuttgart, Germany; at workshops at Wharton School University of Pennsylvania; University of California at Berkeley; Northwestern University; French Finance Association Meeting.
45
Campion, Stephen. "Consultant contract: the view of the Hospital Consultants and Specialists Association." Hospital Medicine 65, no. 7 (July 2004): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/hosp.2004.65.7.15445.
Full text
46
MEIBURGER, KRISTEN M., SAMANTA ROSATI, GABRIELLA BALESTRA, U. RAJENDRA ACHARYA, and FILIPPO MOLINARI. "ULTRASOUND B-MODE DESCRIPTORS AND THEIR ASSOCIATION TO AGE AND AUTOMATED IMT AND IMT VARIABILITY." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 16, no. 01 (February 2016): 1640007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519416400078.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this paper is to evaluate the association between four simple B-mode image descriptors and age, to further assess the association between the descriptors and automated intima-media thickness (IMT) and intima-media thickness variability (IMTV) measurements, and finally analyze the predictive value of the B-mode image descriptors. A database of 1774 images of the carotid artery is used to manually calculate the contrast and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) between the (i) intima-media complex and lumen, and (ii) adventitial wall layer and intima-media complex. A subset of 200 images is then used to automatically measure the IMT and IMTV parameters with a previously developed algorithm. Correlation studies and logistic regression analysis are then performed. The contrast and SNR between the intima-media complex and lumen (contrastIM and SNRIM) are 112.691[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]247.427 and 19.542[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]6.236, respectively; whereas between the adventitial wall layer and intima-media complex the parameters (contrastADV and SNRADV) are found to be 1.684[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]1.182 and 32.859[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]10.766, respectively. Pearson’s rho is significantly different from zero considering the contrastIM and the SNRADV descriptors when tested for the association with age. The automated IMT and IMTV measurements are 0.796[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]0.152[Formula: see text]mm and 0.096[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]0.044[Formula: see text]mm, respectively. Testing the association with the IMT and IMTV measurements yielded Pearson’s rho values which are significantly different from zero except in the case of contrastIM for the IMTV measurement. The logistic regression results showed the IMTV measurement and the SNR descriptor between the intima-media complex and the lumen has a significant predictive value. Considering the association between the IMT and IMTV, the B-mode image descriptors showed a strong and statistically significant association. Moreover, the SNR between the intima-media complex and lumen is found to be a predictive variable in demonstrating its effectiveness as an image descriptor.
47
Key, Nigel, and William D. McBride. "Do Production Contracts Raise Farm Productivity? An Instrumental Variables Approach." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 37, no. 2 (October 2008): 176–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500002987.
Full textAbstract:
Estimating how the use of production contracts affects farm productivity is difficult when unobservable factors are correlated with both the decision to contract and productivity. To account for potential selection bias, this study uses the local availability of production contracts as an instrument for whether a farm uses a contract in order to estimate the impact of contract use on total factor productivity. Results indicate that use of a production contract is associated with a large increase in productivity for feeder-to-finish hog farms in the United States. The instrumental variable method makes it credible to assert that the observed association is a causal relationship rather than simply a correlation.
48
Schlabach, Gretchen A. "Professional Values: Cultivating the Social Contract with the Seeds of Professionalism." International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training 22, no. 1 (January 2017): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijatt.2016-0061.
Full textAbstract:
The profession of athletic training has not identified and explicitly articulated shared professional values (PV). Shared PV are the seeds of professionalism, and deeply rooted motivators of professional action which support the social contract through self-regulation. The purpose of this exploratory study was to: (1) discover shared PV in athletic training, (2) examine how important PV are to the National Athletic Trainers’ Association (NATA) membership, and (3) how important is it for our association to explicitly articulate professional values. This study found that truth/honesty, integrity, and respect are significant athletic training PV. PV are important (96.8%), and it is important for the association to explicitly articulate PV (96.5%). The declaration of shared PV will promote values-based behaviors and internally motivate a duty to uphold the legal, ethical, and regulatory standards of the profession. Dedication to our professional responsibilities will sustain the social contract and encourage public trust.
49
Bowman, H. Woods. "Toward a Theory of Membership Association Finance." Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 46, no. 4 (March 1, 2017): 772–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0899764016685860.
Full textAbstract:
This article explores patterns in membership associations’ portfolios. It compares and contrasts portfolio theory, which predicts variety in revenue portfolios, with a newer benefits theory, which postulates that revenue options are constrained by the balance between the member benefits and societal benefits they produce. The research makes use of a new database that more accurately measures dues and program service revenue of associations than other databases. The weight of the evidence supports benefits theory more strongly than revenue portfolio theory. This research incidentally finds that revenue concentration increases with size and decreases with real estate ownership. The article introduces the concepts of one-off entry and exit costs on members (tariffs), which tend to reduce members’ sensitivity to the level of dues. Indeed, dues are often dominant among the associations having presumptively high tariffs, such as trade unions and certain recreational clubs.
50
Chen, Clara Xiaoling, Ella Mae Matsumura, Jae Yong Shin, and Steve Yu-Ching Wu. "The Effect of Competition Intensity and Competition Type on the Use of Customer Satisfaction Measures in Executive Annual Bonus Contracts." Accounting Review 90, no. 1 (July 1, 2014): 229–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr-50870.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT This paper empirically examines the interactive effect of competition intensity and competition type on the use of customer satisfaction measures in executives' annual bonus contracts. Specifically, we predict a stronger association between competition intensity in an industry and the use of customer satisfaction measures in executives' annual bonus contracts when the competition is non-price-based than when the competition is price-based. Using hand-collected data from Standard & Poor's (S&P) 1500 firms' disclosures of the use of customer satisfaction measures in executive bonus contracts in 2006 and 2010 proxy statements, we find results consistent with our prediction. Our results are robust to alternative measures of competition type and competition intensity. We also find similar results when we use the weight on customer satisfaction measures in executive bonus contracts as the dependent variable. Our study extends the literature on the effect of competition on the design of managerial incentives by distinguishing between competition intensity and competition type, and providing the first large-sample empirical evidence on the joint effect of these two dimensions of competition on the incentive use of an important nonfinancial performance measure. Data Availability: Data used in this study are obtained from publicly available sources.