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Haltiwanger, John. "Entrepreneurship in the twenty-first century." Small Business Economics 58, no. 1 (2021): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11187-021-00542-0.
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AbstractEmployer business startups contribute disproportionately to job creation, innovation, and productivity growth. This contribution is dynamic and complex involving much trial and error. Most startups fail or do not grow but a small fraction grow rapidly contributing substantially to economic performance. In the USA, there has been a decline in startup rate and the share of activity accounted for by young firms over the last couple of decades. This decline has accelerated and become pervasive in the post-2000 period even in innovative-intensive sectors. The flip side of this change is an accompanying increase in the share of activity accounted for by mega (10,000 +) firms in the post-2000 period. While both benign and adverse factors may underlie these structural changes, the post-2000 period has also exhibited a decline in productivity growth along with indicators of business dynamism. The global pandemic has had a major adverse impact on health, morbidity, daily life, and economic activity. However, there has been a surge in new business applications that may signal a turning point in entrepreneurial activity.
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Dr., V. Shanthi. "CONCEPTUALISING KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Modern Education 4, no. 1 (2018): 133–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1230571.
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Contemporary economy is characterized by globalization and knowledge-intensive production. Organizations recognize that there is a shift from the old, industrial based economy to a new knowledge-centric economy. In order to maximize the organizational profits and to gain competitive advantage they should use their knowledge base, in addition to various tangible assets, in an effective way which is often embodied as technologies. A Firm's knowledge base, the experts contend lies in its internal capabilities and know-how that facilitate delivery of products and services to customers as well as enhance organizational performance. In order to increase the productivity of the company, more knowledge workers are to be employed. This transformation, the experts affirm is the biggest contribution of managements in the twenty-first century. Hence, the knowledge worker is the primary factor of production in a knowledge driven economy and this makes knowledge management (KM) vital to organizations.
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Cassidy, Kim Julie, William Grimsey, and Nelson Blackley. "The contribution of physical retail to value co-creation in the town centre ecosystem; evidence from Grimsey." Journal of Place Management and Development 13, no. 3 (2020): 365–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmd-08-2019-0074.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify ways to reconfigure physical retailing to ensure it maintains a sustainable position within the town centre ecosystem in the twenty-first century. The discussion draws on the evolving service-dominant logic (S-DL) and its service ecosystems perspective and evidence of best practice provided by actors involved in town centre regeneration between 2013 and 2018. Design/methodology/approach The research adopts a case methodology drawing on data submitted and analysed as part of the Grimsey Review 2, an independent review of the UK town centres. The data set provides examples of good practice sourced from industry leaders, trade bodies, local authorities and extensive social media engagement. Findings The paper evaluates the response of physical retail through an S-DL and service ecosystem lens. The review of best practice suggests that physical retailers have the best chance of survival if they proactively collaborate with other actors within a wider community hub solution, align their strategic position and operations to a holistic centre place plan and take steps to actively engage operant resources of consumers in creating physical store experiences. Practical implications The paper provides an evaluation of best practice in town centre regeneration implemented between 2013 and 2018. The case offers a rich bank of examples, illustrating how physical retailers are responding to the twenty-first-century challenges facing town centres. It makes recommendations for further improvement in the three critical areas identified above. Originality/value This paper provides further empirical support for the application of an S-DL and service ecosystem perspective to place marketing. To achieve effective value co-creation, physical retailers need to align themselves more closely with other actors in the system and maximise the potential of operant (and operand) consumer resources.
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Jacobs, Norman. "The Contribution of Patrimonial Theory in Explaining the Roots of and Guiding Asian Development in the Twenty-First Century: A Theoretical Introduction." Asian Perspective 13, no. 2 (1989): 5–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/apr.1989.a921290.
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Farid, Hadi, Fatemeh Hakimian, Vikneswaran Nair, Pradeep Kumar Nair, and Nazari Ismail. "Trend of research on sustainable tourism and climate change in 21st century." Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 8, no. 5 (2016): 516–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/whatt-06-2016-0032.
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Purpose Climate change is one of the greatest challenges for policymakers at both the international and national levels in the twenty-first century; there is no exception for the tourism industry, which is one of the most highly climate sensitive sectors. Tourism researchers have continued to explore the relationship between sustainable tourism and climate change to develop a range of effective strategies for policymakers. This paper aims to review published literature in the areas of sustainable tourism and climate change. Design/methodology/approach The review maps sustainable tourism and climate change domains between 1996 and 8 January 2016. The review encompasses 95 published documents obtained from the Scopus database on 8 January 2016. The search terms were “Sustainable Tourism” and “Climate Change” combined with Boolean Operator “AND” in the “Article Title, Abstract, Keywords”. Findings The outcomes of this study are: Identification of trends in research and the most influential papers on sustainable tourism associated with climate change research; evaluation of the contribution of authors, journals and institutions in this area; and guidance for policymakers to develop policies to mitigate the impact of tourist activities on climate change. Research limitations/implications The study provides a basis for communication between academics and practitioners by revealing the research trends in sustainable tourism and climate change and by categorizing the contents of prior studies to provide guidance for future studies. Originality/value The originality of this paper is in determining possible research gaps and thereby providing guidance for future study. The study also makes a practical contribution by addressing the topics of interest to policymakers.
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Andrea, Peter Teleli, and Rosemary Wanyoike. "Knowledge Management and Organization Performance; A Critical Review of Literature." Journal of Business and Strategic Management 9, no. 1 (2024): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/jbsm.1715.
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Purpose: The performance of any organization relies on its available human resources. Organization performance has continuously been a concerned of management teams, owners, shareholders and researchers. Globally, most of organizations are overwhelmed by various forces which affecting their capability to endure and perform as expected. Trends of the twenty first century have pressed organizations to seek the best way to survive and excel in the turbulent environment. This study aimed to examine the effect of knowledge management and organization performance.
 Methodology: Desktop review was used to examine empirical review associated with knowledge management practices and performance
 Findings: The study found that knowledge management improves organizational performance. However, there are varying relationships between knowledge management practices with organizational performance.
 Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: This study informs management and other actors of organization on the necessity of knowledge management as an important resource organization ought to have for it to have competitive advantage.
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Beddington, John. "Food security: contributions from science to a new and greener revolution." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1537 (2010): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0201.
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There is an intrinsic link between the challenge we face to ensure food security through the twenty-first century and other global issues, most notably climate change, population growth and the need to sustainably manage the world's rapidly growing demand for energy and water . Our progress in reducing global poverty and achieving the Millennium Development Goals will be determined to a great extent by how coherently these long-term challenges are tackled. A key question is whether we can feed a future nine billion people equitably, healthily and sustainably. Science and technology can make a major contribution, by providing practical solutions. Securing this contribution requires that high priority be attached both to research and to facilitating the real world deployment of existing and emergent technologies. Put simply, we need a new, ‘green er revolution’. Important areas for focus include: crop improvement; smarter use of water and fertilizers; new pesticides and their effective management to avoid resistance problems; introduction of novel non-chemical approaches to crop protection; reduction of post-harvest losses; and more sustainable livestock and marine production. Techniques and technologies from many disciplines, ranging from biotechnology and engineering to newer fields such as nanotechnology, will be needed.
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Arenas, Ruben Dario Mendoza, Cesar Angel Durand Gonzales, Oswaldo Daniel Casazola Cruz, Elio Nolasco Carbajal, and Josefrank Pernalete Lugo. "Carl Schmitt, Deepening the Pragmatic Ethos in the Machiavellian Tradition of the Twentieth Century." Journal of Law and Sustainable Development 11, no. 5 (2023): e863. http://dx.doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v11i5.863.
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Objective: To examine Schmitt's influence on the Machiavellian ethos, leading it to a more extreme and radical conception, in which politics focuses on the struggle between friends and enemies, in which war and violence are fundamental elements to achieve power and authority. Methodology: In this sense, a critical review of Schmitt's influence on contemporary political pragmatism is made, considering the challenges facing twenty-first century democracy in terms of the defense of human rights and the inclusion of minorities. Results and discussion: It is highlighted how this conception of Schmitt distances itself from the democratic tradition and human rights, putting at risk the fundamental values of society. While Schmitt's work represents an important contribution to political thought, his conception of politics based on violence and exclusion is not compatible with democracy and the universal values of humanity. Conclusion: It is necessary to adopt a critical and reflective stance in the face of Schmitt's influence on political pragmatism, and to seek alternatives that allow the strengthening of democracy and respect for human rights in the current context. Research implications: Currently, the ethos of contemporary political theory focuses on interdisciplinarity, inclusion, and diversity.
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Tahmina, Tania. "ENHANCING MOTIVATION OF THE EFL LEARNERS BY INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGY." Language Literacy: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Language Teaching 6, no. 2 (2022): 262–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.30743/ll.v6i2.6196.
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Motivation plays an important role in EFL learning. For the twenty-first century technology-savvy learners, teachers can resort to advanced technology to enhance and sustain their motivation. The present study explores the motivational orientations of the undergraduate EFL learners of Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh and the teacher’s awareness to equip their learners with appropriate technological knowledge to ignite their motivation for learning English effectively. There were two research questions in this study. The first question was whether the learners were integratively or instrumentally motivated. The second question dealt with the contribution of technology-enhanced language pedagogy to assist the learners’ motivational orientations in the blended classrooms. To find out the first research question, a paired samples t-test was conducted. The findings revealed that students’ integrative motivation was noticeably higher than instrumental motivation. A semi-structured interview of the language teacher was taken to answer the second question. The findings revealed that the learners were integratively motivated and the language teacher arranged technologically equipped classroom in order that the students would feel an inner urge to learn the language enthusiastically.
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Al-Dajani, Haya, Zografia Bika, Lorna Collins, and Janine Swail. "Gender and family business: new theoretical directions." International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 6, no. 3 (2014): 218–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijge-11-2013-0069.
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Purpose – This editorial aims to investigate the interface between gendered processes and family business by exploring the extent to which gendered processes are reinforced (or not) in family business operations and dynamics. This approach will complement the agency and resource-based view theoretical bases that dominate family business research (Chrisman et al., 2009) and further contribute to extending gender theories. Design/methodology/approach – Acknowledging that gender is socially constructed, this editorial discusses the interface between gendered processes and family business within entrepreneurship research. Findings – Despite a growing interest in gender and family business, there is limited literature that explores gender theory within family business research. A gender theory approach embracing family business research contributes to a needed theoretical deconstruction of existing perspectives on the operations, sustainability and succession of family businesses in the twenty-first century. Originality/value – This editorial makes a contribution to extant scholarship by extending gender theories through an exploration of the gendered processes in family business research.
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Zolkiewski, Judy. "Bridging the relevance-ranking chasm: mission impossible?" European Business Review 30, no. 2 (2018): 128–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ebr-03-2017-0067.
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Purpose This paper aims to debate the challenges related to balancing relevance and ranking in management research. Design/methodology/approach This is a commentary on and review of challenges faced by twenty-first century management academics. Findings There is a chasm between managerial relevance and current managerial research; however, with academic buy-in, there are ways in which the chasm can be crossed. Research limitations/implications The implications of this are wide reaching for management researchers. They are challenged to consider different methodologies, strategies and dissemination avenues for their research. Practical implications Researchers need to consider not only collaboration with practitioners, as they pursue solutions to managerial problems, but also more inter-disciplinary research that addresses the wicked problems of management in practice. Social implications Solving the challenge of managerial relevance of business research has the potential to allow the contribution of business academia to be fully appreciated by practitioners. Originality/value The value of this thought-piece is that it challenges business and management academics to challenge the status quo and fight to make their research relevant to and valued by the business world.
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Zhang, Boran. "Consumer Behavior in Plastic Waste Management: Interventions and the Role of Upcycling." Journal of Posthumanism 5, no. 6 (2025): 3587–93. https://doi.org/10.63332/joph.v5i6.2489.
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Plastic pollution has become one of the most urgent environmental and public health crises of the twenty first century (Jambeck et al., 2015; Geyer, Jambeck, & Law, 2017). This paper presents an original research contribution by combining a systematic literature review with posthumanism theory to interrogate Chinese consumer behavior in plastic waste management. We integrate the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Value–Belief–Norm (VBN) models with a posthumanism lens to propose the Distributed Agency Circular Model (DACM), which reconceives plastic waste as an active participant in socio ecological assemblages. We then deepen the analysis by introducing concepts of material memory and material semiotics to show how upcycling interventions can harness the latent agency of plastic objects. A new Empirical Research Design section outlines a mixed methods approach to empirically validate the DACM through surveys and interviews. Finally, a Cross Cultural Reflection contrasts Chinese policy with practices in the Netherlands, Japan, and Sweden, demonstrating how material agency is variably enacted across contexts. This manuscript meets Journal of Posthumanism’s Original Research criteria by offering novel theoretical insights, rigorous methodological proposals, and practical implications for circular economic strategies.
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Aka, Muhammet. "Çokuluslu Eğitim İşletmelerinde İnsan Kaynakları Yönetiminin İncelenmesi." Journal of Social Research and Behavioral Sciences 8, no. 16 (2022): 871–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.52096/jsrbs.8.16.61.
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It is hoped that this study, which aims to examine the management of human resources in multinational educational enterprises in general, will make an important contribution to the literature in its field. Multinational training businesses in the past, in the field of education, especially educational institutions, educational administration, served on the subject of technological innovations in the education sector for a long time played an important role in the development of global culture and civilization. The development process of multinational education enterprises' enterprises under formal structure control in the education sector has continued with all its speed and dynamism at every stage of the information age and has been groundbreaking in terms of many related sectors, especially education. Educational enterprises owned by multinational structures, huge enterprises in which ownership and management are significantly separated, continued to be effective and competent even when they came to management. Even today, multinational educational enterprises significantly control many huge progressive sectoral enterprises with a large number of shareholders. Although multinational educational enterprises have existed and operated for centuries, they were not considered a separate academic discipline field until the last quarter of the twentieth century. When entering the twenty-first century, multinational educational enterprises were considered an autonomous academic field of study, but the lack of a definition of how they have characteristics has become a small obstacle to the fact that this sectoral field is betting on research. Key Words: Multinational, Educational Enterprises, Human Resources
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Gretchenko, Alexander A., Egor G. Grishin, and Maxim A. Shmelev. "APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MANAGING BUSINESS PROCESSES AND OPERATIONS." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 11/3, no. 152 (2024): 90–95. https://doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2024.11.03.008.
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This article discusses the transformative nature of AI impact on business system management across business operations. Scrutinizing essential methodologies for combining AI applications that lead to better and efficient decision-making and processes in different areas. The discussion goes to the point of how AI is the collection of unorganized data for strategic decision-making and optimization of operations, and contribution of this from research by Nabiev ES (2019), and Vereshchagina Yu.V. (2019). Methodology: qualitative research methods that often incorporate a systematic literature review as the foundation for revealing artificially intelligent management applications and implications are being used as the primary means in this study. Being able to acquire fundamental sources, including sphere reports, expert interviews, historical analogies, white papers. One of the most significant applications of Artificial Intelligence is for business process management and operations. The research looks into AI in process automation and optimization, decision-making augmentation and its comprehensive effects on individual companies' efficiency and competitiveness within different sectors. These data collectively paint the picture that AI is an essential catalyst in ensuring innovation, efficiency, and business competitiveness in a twenty first century business environment.
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Greksa, Amela, Mirjana Ljubojević, and Boško Blagojević. "The Value of Vegetation in Nature-Based Solutions: Roles, Challenges, and Utilization in Managing Different Environmental and Climate-Related Problems." Sustainability 16, no. 8 (2024): 3273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16083273.
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To address the challenges of the twenty-first century, particularly the negative effects of climate change, mitigation measures such as Nature-based Solutions (NbS) are being employed. Vegetation, being a part of various NbS interventions, provides different ecosystem services that help combat current climate-related vulnerabilities. This research aims to illustrate the connection between plants’ contribution to adapting to climate change and the creation of more sustainable spaces, focusing on the usage of bioretention systems (BRs) as an example of NbS. Some of the main aspects of how vegetation is selected for BRs according to qualities that may contribute to developing sustainable landscapes, along with providing key features of plants’ adaptation, different taxonomic data, and specific plant species that have been demonstrated to be good candidates for planting in BRs, are also discussed. Therefore, the importance of this paper is in providing a comprehensive systematization of vegetation with insightful suggestions on plant species for future BR implementation.
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Kenayathulla, Husaina Banu, Nor Aziah Ahmad, and Abdul Rahman Idris. "Gaps between competence and importance of employability skills: evidence from Malaysia." Higher Education Evaluation and Development 13, no. 2 (2019): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/heed-08-2019-0039.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the gaps between the importance perceived and the competence gained by the hospitality students in terms of the employability skills. Design/methodology/approach Questionnaires were distributed to 841 hospitality students in five regions in Malaysia. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Findings The findings show that there are significant differences between importance perceived and competence attained in teamwork, leadership, basic, technical skills and ethical skills. Additionally, the finding of this study indicates that the culinary and bakery students perceive that they are not given adequate exposure to possess such skills. It is important to ensure that graduates are equipped with the twenty-first century skills such as problem solving and analytic, decision making, organization and time management, risk taking and communication. Research limitations/implications The findings provide insights to curriculum developers and policy makers on the appropriate interventions that need to be taken to improve the employability skills of the graduates. Originality/value An original contribution is made by linking employability model to TVET sector.
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CLARK, GORDON L. "Pension fund governance: expertise and organizational form." Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 3, no. 2 (2004): 233–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474747204001556.
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Responsible for the welfare of beneficiaries, pension funds have many tasks and functions. Consequently, their governance and regulation are issues of public concern with direct bearing on the interests of stakeholders and ultimately the performance of Anglo-American financial markets. Subject to common law expectations regarding proper trustee behaviour, also important are statutory requirements regarding the equitable treatment of beneficiaries and the management of assets and liabilities. At one level, discretion is an essential attribute of the trust institution – trustees act on behalf of others not so well placed to manage their own long-term welfare because of lack of knowledge and/or ability. At another level, pension funds are presumably regulated by a well-defined purpose – the welfare of beneficiaries. In this paper, I look at the internal governance of pension funds emphasizing codes of practice, the rules and procedures for decision making, and trustee competence and expertise. While it is important to observe codes of conduct like those advocated by the OECD, there may be significant problems with any system of governance that relies upon rules and procedures. Inertia rather than innovation may be the net result. These issues are developed with reference to defined benefit and defined contribution schemes (and their variants). Ultimately, pension fund governance reflects, more often than not, its nineteenth-century antecedents rather than the financial imperatives of the twenty-first century.
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Jardat, Rémi. "“For Piketty” – a new Enlightenment that goes far beyond rewriting Das Kapital." Society and Business Review 9, no. 2 (2014): 214–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbr-05-2014-0021.
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Purpose – This critique of Piketty’s Capital in the Twenty-First Century summarizes and comments on the main tenets of the author’s principal theory. The author's aim is to point out the book’s contributions to a critical debate around social and economic issues, while giving special emphasis to its theoretical and epistemological relevance for management science. Design/methodology/approach – Based on a careful reading of the book, in the original French and English translation versions, the author explores Piketty’s arguments and proposals and attempts to place his “scholarly discourse” in relation to Marx’s “worldview” as well as the philosophy of the Enlightenment. Findings – The book’s potential impact over the long run is extremely high, ostensibly enough to make it as important as Marx’s work, but relying on a decidedly different method and philosophy. The author also considers the strong complementariness between this work and that of Pierre Rosanvallon in the field of political science. Some similarities with Fukuyama’s approach are also considered, but on a much lesser note. Research limitations/implications – The question of unemployment, which is given little attention in Piketty’s work, is not addressed here. Social implications – In contrast with Piketty’s book, this paper intends to find social application only within the microcosm of the scholarly community. Originality/value – The author hopes to draw a link between the book’s contribution to economic thinking and its philosophical underpinnings, that is by presenting a reading that is both a positivist assessment and an attempt to decipher underlying assumptions.
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Sun, Baiqing, Xin Ma, Martin de Jong, and Xin Bao. "Assessment on Island Ecological Vulnerability to Urbanization: A Tale of Chongming Island, China." Sustainability 11, no. 9 (2019): 2536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11092536.
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The twenty first century has witnessed an emerging research interest in island urbanization, which will set further pressure on island ecological vulnerability (IEV), especially in those islands with a fixed link to the mainland. In this contribution, the IEV of eighteen towns and townships in Chongming Island is assessed based on an “exposure (E)-sensitivity (S)-adaptive capacity (A)” framework and by means of the entropy weight method for determination of the weight of fifteen indicators. The assessment results show that: (1) An index system consisting of 1 objective, 3 sub-objectives, 8 elements, and 15 indicators can be established and tested to reflect the IEV to island urbanization; (2) The overall ecological vulnerability of Chongming Island to urbanization is at a rather low level, with only three out of eighteen towns and townships at a moderate high and high IEV level, while the spatial distribution of IEV surrounds Chengqiao, the seat of the district government, and radiates in a fan-shaped manner; (3) Chengqiao inevitably leads among the towns and townships in its IEV value, and its westward urbanization has adversely affected the IEV of adjacent towns Xinhe and Jianshe. (4) Chenjia’s moderate low level of IEV comes as a surprise to the authors, due largely to its proximity to Shanghai. Our proposed E-S-A framework and assessment model could be rationally applied to similar islands with fixed links to the mainland nationally and internationally, which is the major contribution of our study.
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Bhamu, Jaiprakash, and Kuldip Singh Sangwan. "Lean manufacturing: literature review and research issues." International Journal of Operations & Production Management 34, no. 7 (2014): 876–940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-08-2012-0315.
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Purpose – The advent of recession at the beginning of twenty-first century forced many organizations worldwide to reduce cost and to be more responsive to customer demands. Lean Manufacturing (LM) has been widely perceived by industry as an answer to these requirements because LM reduces waste without additional requirements of resources. This led to a spurt in LM research across the globe mostly through empirical and exploratory studies which resulted in a plethora of LM definitions with divergent scopes, objectives, performance indicators, tools/techniques/methodologies, and concepts/elements. The purpose of this paper is to review LM literature and report these divergent definitions, scopes, objectives, and tools/techniques/methodologies. Design/methodology/approach – This paper highlights various definitions by various researchers and practitioners. A total of 209 research papers have been reviewed for the research contribution, research methodology adopted, tools/techniques/methodologies used, type of industry, author profile, country of research, and year of publication. Findings – There are plethora of LM definitions with divergent objectives and scope. Theory verification through empirical and exploratory studies has been the focus of research in LM. Automotive industry has been the focus of LM research but LM has also been adopted by other types of industries also. One of the critical implementation factors of LM is simultaneous adoption of leanness in supply chain. LM has become an integrated system composed of highly integrated elements and a wide variety of management practices. There is lack of standard LM implementation process/framework. Originality/value – The paper reviews 209 research papers for their research contribution, research methodology, author profile, type of industry, and tools/techniques/methodology used. Various characteristics of LM definitions are also reviewed.
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Singh, Prakash. "Leaders Lacking Emotional Intelligence: Towards A Theory Of Tobephobic Leaders." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 31, no. 3 (2015): 1179. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v31i3.9232.
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Does a theory on tobephobic leaders (TLs) exist? In attempting to advance a theory on TLs, it is very pertinent to ask: Who are intelligent leaders? Research strongly suggests that intelligent leaders can mean numerous things because this conceptualization of intelligent leaders can be based exclusively on their intellectuality (cognitive abilities - IQ), or their emotionality (emotional intelligence EQ), or a combination of both. Expectedly, leaders who intellectualize and depend solely on their cognitive skills would tend to avoid the conscious recognition of the emotional basis of their decisions by substituting a superficially plausible, but questionable, explanation for their workers. On the other hand, leaders who base their decisions solely on their emotions can be accused of being irrational and not being task-oriented. The complexities of modern organizations in the twenty-first century require a new focus on leadership that extends well beyond possessing cognitive abilities alone. The focus of this paper is to advance a theory of TLs because no such attempt has yet been made globally. The primary objective of this article is to expand the notions of leadership that are currently in practice in organizations. Such a theory could make a major impact on how we view leadership practices in different organizations and could, therefore, make a significant contribution to our understanding of leadership activities. The theory of TLs will be embedded in two dimensions of leadership: intellectuality and emotionality. Hence, relevant research will be cited to evoke the prevalence and effects of TLs on human resources.
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Piacentini, Veronica. "The Italian experience and its contribution to the Union Civil Protection Mechanism in reinforcing cultural heritage protection through the Proculther project." Libellarium: časopis za istraživanja u području informacijskih i srodnih znanosti 13, no. 1 (2022): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/libellarium.3457.
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Purpose. The aim of the article is to explain how the Italian response capacities for the safeguarding of cultural heritage at risk of disaster has been enhanced over the past twenty-five years and how it has contributed to raising the awareness of this issue at international level. Approach/methodology. For this purpose, the main steps made in the last decades by Italy in including the protection of cultural heritage among other emergency issues are described below. In fact, Italy has made many efforts in the past decades to improve the emergency management of cultural heritage, paying particular attention to preparedness, prevention and response actions. Since the end of the past century, dedicated training courses have been organized at all levels as well as local, national and international exercises with specific scenarios dedicated to the protection of cultural heritage at risk of disaster in order to test specific procedures needed to ensure this type of response. In the meantime, the drafting of standard operating procedures specifically addressing the protection of vulnerable cultural heritage emerged as a result of a keen collaboration between the Italian Ministry of Culture (Italian acronym MiC) and the National Civil Protection Department (Italian acronym DPC). Findings. In this process of constant evolution of operational and technical capacities aimed at reducing the risk of cultural heritage disasters, the combination of past experience and acquired competences of Italy, France, Spain, Turkey, ICCROM and Fondazione Villa Montesca has prompted the launch of the PROCULTHER project, co-funded by the Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations (DG-ECHO). Value. The project aims to support and complement the efforts made by the European Union to strengthen cooperation between the EU Member States and Participating States in this field. In this sense, by pooling together European civil protection capacities and capabilities and providing for common standards enabling certified and well-equipped teams to work interchangeably when a disaster strikes, the Union Civil Protection Mechanism (UCPM), is an essential and effective system aimed at allowing a stronger and more coherent collective response. Under this framework, the project is promoting, for the first time, the development of a common European methodology, tools and capacities in order to include the protection of cultural heritage in the disaster risk management cycle and to ensure structured collaboration among cultural heritage and civil protection stakeholders at local, national and European level.
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Genovese, Rosa Anna. "Accessibility and Enhancement of Cultural Heritage: Examples of Best Practices in Europe." Protection of Cultural Heritage, no. 13 (January 7, 2023): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/odk.2953.
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Premise. The essay will report on actions promoted at international and national level, to ensure accessibility in different sectors of social life and reduce obstacles in this field in European regulations and in the practices of Member States.
 The Convention adopted by UNO in 2006, stating that people with different abilities must enjoy fundamental rights and (political, economic, social, cultural) freedoms, constitutes the first great treaty of the twenty-first century concerning the change in attitude and strategies towards people bearing handicaps, to increase respect of their dignity through every possible measure.
 Intercultural dialogue. In light of a greater awareness on environmental issues and possible solutions, we are, therefore, all called upon to contribute to changes in the relation with our one and only Planet in order to build a new conservation ethics, which may include the values of Cultural Heritage and accept, for its protection and enhancement, the contribution of Communities, favouring intercultural dialogue.
 Best practices. The essay intends to stress the importance of integrated policies in promoting accessibility and the enhancement of cultural heritage, also through the examination of the best practices implemented in different European Countries. Specifically, it shall highlight how one of the criteria informing the Management Plan of the ‘Archaeological Area of Pompeii and Torre del Greco’ is based on the conservation of the archaeological heritage, with the purpose of making it accessible to the public while conserving the testimonial, formal and material features of the site, and addressing conservation issues as well as the design quality of accessibility improvements.
 Integrated Conservation. The quality of conservation and restoration interventions on cultural heritage will, therefore, have to be perfected through an aware fact-finding analysis, favouring the application of scientific and digital technologies, paired with a diagnostic approach capable of including the digitalisation of processes, energy efficiency, accessibility, leading to the digital management of anamnesis and control of the restoration project, based on adequate knowledge of the cultural property and its state of conservation.
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Chitrabongs, Chittawadi. "Curartistry: Curating Everyday Artistry in Bangkok." Nakhara : Journal of Environmental Design and Planning 21, no. 1 (2022): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.54028/nj202221208.
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How can architecture be taught internationally, beyond the neocolonialist tendency of European-based international exchange programs? Curartistry, a method of curating everyday artistry in Bangkok, is used to achieve bilateral exchanges in art and architectural education between teachers and students of different nationalities. We offer interpretations of late-nineteenth-century and post-war ideas of “everyday life,” based especially on Charles Baudelaire’s “The Painter of Modern Life,” Henry Lefebvre’s “Critique of Everyday Life,” Maurice Blanchot and Susan Hanson’s “Everyday Speech,” and Walter Benjamin’s “On Some Motifs in Baudelaire.” Their ideas grew out of their experiences in Western European metropolises, and continue to reflect similar conditions in twenty-first-century Bangkok. In addition to these literary works, Henry W. Lawrence’s City Trees: A Historical Geography from the Renaissance through the Nineteenth Century has been useful in the development of our workshop entitled, “Curartistry: Trees in Bangkok.” 
 Curartistry is a practice in which particular elements of a city are researched and recorded in drawing and photography. We invite students to visit overlooked sites, landscapes, and trees in Bangkok, and then to write and rewrite until a particular object or installation emerges from redrafting their experiences. These records lead to the proposal of projects, whether artistically, architecturally or otherwise crafted. Once a proposal takes on the form of a project, its existence as a project, rather than as a finished artwork or artefact, is what lends the project criteria for judging it. Outcomes from these projects typically take the form of an elementary installation or exhibition, presented by individual students to guest critics. 
 In this article, we discuss the processes of work, and how everyday artistry in Bangkok is curated in relation to the selected ideas of “everyday life” that transcend time and place, as well as the construction of our method of work. Curartistry is a key way in which we are addressing fundamental issues of city life such as social inequality, nature, ecological crises, labour, and materiality. The final outcomes often address a number of issues, such as the intense relationship between nature and city, dramatic effects in light and colour, transplantation, or tree names in relation to Thai beliefs in fortune. It is hoped that this attempt to systematically document the subjective experiences of urban life will be read as a contribution to global architectural education.
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Bekbayeva, Zhanar Sabyrovna, Temir Tlekovich Galiyev, Nazymgul Albytova, Zhazira Meirhanovna Zhazykbayeva, and Assem Bolatbekovna Mussatayeva. "Fostering post-secondary vocational students’ critical thinking through multi-level tasks in learning environments." World Journal on Educational Technology: Current Issues 13, no. 3 (2021): 397–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/wjet.v13i3.5948.
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In today’s labour market, being competitive requires, in addition to technical skills, several twenty-first-century career competencies, including the capacity to think critically. Although the literature on teaching methods designed for enhancing students’ reflective thinking abounds, the contribution of special tasks with varying complexity to learners’ critical thinking capacity, to our knowledge, has not been earlier investigated. Hence, the present investigation sought to investigate the effect of multi-level critical thinking activities introduced into classes on the critical thinking level of post-secondary vocational students. This cross-sectional study employed the Starkey Critical Thinking Test adapted for the Russian-speaking population in order to measure critical thinking level in a sample (n = 218) of vocational students. Results showed that among students whose classes were complemented by critical thinking tasks, almost half of subjects with low and test scores eventually shifted to a medium scoring cohort. Eleven learners who were medium scorers at the beginning gained high-level results at the end point. Meanwhile, only a small percentage of those no-treatment participants with initially low performance on the critical thinking test eventually moved into the medium level, as well as from the latter into a high achievement category. The independent two-tailed t-test revealed a significant difference between posttest scores observed in control and intervention groups. It can be therefore suggested that critical analysis of thought-provoking materials with subsequent class presentation and discussion can provide catalytic conditions for developing learners’ reflective thinking abilities. It was recommended that future studies using similar intervention should involve a larger sample and deal with qualitative data to extend the research and increase its validity.
 
 Keywords: Education; higher-order thinking; reflective thinking; vocational students.
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Snyder, Peter J. "Darwin's Contribution to Neuropsychology in the Twenty-First Century." Brain and Cognition 42, no. 1 (2000): 41–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/brcg.1999.1156.
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Bonfanti, Angelo, Enrico Battisti, and Luca Pasqualino. "Social entrepreneurship and corporate architecture: evidence from Italy." Management Decision 54, no. 2 (2016): 390–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-08-2014-0532.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the contribution of corporate architecture to social value creation. It especially analyses the social effects of investments in experiential corporate architecture that have been carried out by Italian industrial companies. Design/methodology/approach – This study follows a qualitative approach. It is based on a survey and semi-structured in-depth interviews undertaken with six Italian industrial companies. The dimensions of the social-entrepreneurship model (innovativeness, proactiveness, risk management) proposed by Weerawardena and Sullivan Mort were chosen as a framework to investigate the social effects of investments in corporate architecture. Findings – The social effects of the innovativeness dimension are the integration of the company with the territory and development of sustainability. Proactiveness is related to improving the employees’ wellbeing in the workplace and the community’s quality of life. Risk management ensures the development of the local economic-social fabric. Research limitations/implications – This study combines social entrepreneurship and corporate architecture by highlighting the social effects of corporate architecture. Further, it proposes the structural embeddedness of the company in the territory of reference, a sense for beauty, and a sense of gift giving as further entrepreneurial traits that are generally not proposed in the social entrepreneurship literature. Practical/implications – The results of this study suggest that top management should consider: that investments in corporate architecture are a deliberate strategy of the company; that profits are not a purpose in and of themselves, but rather a means to achieve the social mission’s objectives; and the relationship with architects in terms of mutual involvement in order to understand corporate and local needs and effectively transform them into appropriate architectural solutions. Social/implications – Corporate architecture can help to solve a number of social problems, such as improving the community’s quality of life, providing employments opportunities, allowing the community to benefit from places of socialisation and aggregation, and offering facilities and services that support culture and encourage cultural exchange. Given that the social benefits are reciprocal, all stakeholders should financially support companies that invest in corporate architecture. Originality/value – To the knowledge, this is the first study to connect social entrepreneurship and corporate architecture. This research brings to light some Italian industrial companies that are investing in corporate architecture to create social value in the twenty-first century, after the pioneering investments of the Olivetti company.
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WILES, DAVID. "On Being a Twenty-First-Century Theatre Historian." Theatre Research International 44, no. 02 (2019): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883319000051.
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This series of provocations on the changing work of theatre historians opens with a contribution by David Wiles, who recounts a meeting of IFTR's Theatre Historiography Working Group in London in 2018. Wiles's reflection is followed by responses from scholars working in or on different regions, including perspectives by Oscar Tantoco Serquiña, Jr (Philippines), Lorena Verzero (Latin America) and Promona Sengupta (India).
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Tan, Liwen, and Jingkun Ding. "The frontier and evolution of the strategic management theory." Nankai Business Review International 6, no. 1 (2015): 20–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nbri-09-2014-0036.
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Purpose – This paper aims to help scholars to know the frontiers in the strategic management field. On studying, it was noted that business strategic management originated from America in the 1960s and has experienced more than half a century. However, strategic management development lacks systematical summary in the twenty-first century. The scientometric method was appliedto find out the frontiers and progress of the research of strategic management in the twenty-first century, based on the literature from 2001 to 2012 in the Strategic Management Journal. Design/methodology/approach – In the paper, the authors mainly used the scientometric method and applied keywords, co-occurrence method combined with multistatistical methods and mutation words analysis, author co-citation, literature co-citation and keywords co-occurrence (national). Findings – The findings show that the strategic management research focuses on the following theories and academic thoughts: knowledge-based view, network organization research and dynamic capability are the mainstream; besides, strategy risk, the stakeholders analysis of strategy management, corporate reputation and strategic concept also attract the attention of researchers; Barney, Teece and Porter have made significant contributions to strategy management research since the twenty-first century. Originality/value – The findings in the paper will help scholars in the field of strategic management to know the main frontiers of the theory, as well as the main contributors.
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Wallace, Susan. "Seeing Red: Theatre and Labour in Twenty-First Century Canada." Canadian Theatre Review 125 (January 2006): 102–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ctr.125.015.
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This past summer, the Canadian Theatre Review issue entitled “Working Conditions” went to press lacking a contribution from Canadian Actors’ Equity Association, let alone from any of the other professional artists’ associations or unions. It is hard to imagine a more nearly ideal forum for a contribution from Equity, PGC, AFM or ADC than an issue devoted to theatre labour practices. For our part at Equity, we dropped the ball and, due to an unexpected staff turnover, CTR 123 went to print without our contribution. We have apologized to CTR and to Professor Wilson, in particular. In a more than gracious move, CTR has offered to print not only our clarification but a more fulsome response.
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CARPUS, EFTALEA, ANGELA DOROGAN, MIHAI-GABRIEL MATACHE, VALENTIN VLADUT, and ADRIANA MUSCALU. "Creativity, innovation and future ‒ the key points regarding the “architecture” for the production of agro-textiles." Industria Textila 70, no. 06 (2019): 547–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.070.06.1624.
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The twenty-first century represents the period of the most remarkable discoveries and transformations of the human civilization, but also the period of the most important changes regarding the evolution of the environment. At the present stage of the evolution of the society, the knowledge of the behaviour of the world economy cannot be conceived outside the environmental approach, as a system, structure and dynamics, its connections and implications on life on earth. Agriculture is an important source of emission of two greenhouse gases with a significant share in the influence of the global warming process. The key to protecting the environment from the harmful effects of widespread and unsafe farming practices is through implementing sustainable practices. Sustainable agriculture incorporates both the conservation of available resources and the use of agricultural practices aimed at protecting the environment. Given the increasing awareness of the environment and the specific knowledge of the various interdisciplinary technologies, special attention has been paid to unconventional technical applications, such as the use of textile structures in the agriculture and horticulture sectors to increase the quality and efficiency of agro-food products in terms of ensuring a healthy environment, social economic equity and a profitable economy. In this context, the textile sector and the field of technical textiles, through the potential of functionalities, can make a special contribution to achieving a level of coherence between agriculture, environment and rural development through the intelligent and sustainable capitalization of agricultural lands and labour force. For agro-textiles ‒ weight domain for the technical textile sector ‒ design is a problem-solving approach, based on common human technical/scientific skills or knowledge, which starts from understanding and observing the phenomena of the field in which these textile elements/products will be used. In this sense, the paper presents the logical matrix regarding the interactions between the problems that need to be solved, the elements that can influence the studied phenomenon the functions that the designed product has to fulfill and the effects produced by its use under real conditions of use.
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Giannetti, Eduardo. "Brazilian Culture in the Twenty-First Century." Bulletin du bibliophile N° 357, no. 1 (2013): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/bubib.357.0125.
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Chaque culture incarne un idéal de bonheur et de plénitude. Y a-t-il une utopie ou un rêve collectif qui nourrissent l’âme du peuple brésilien ? Quelle pourrait être la contribution du Brésil au monde actuel s’il était capable de dépasser ses problèmes sociaux et son sous-développement économique ? Cet essai tente d’esquisser les caractéristiques de l’identité culturelle propre au Brésil ; il montre toutes les possibilités qu’a ce pays pour se libérer des contraintes du présent et réaliser le « rêve brésilien ». Le thème central développé par l’auteur est que, si le Brésil apprend beaucoup du monde occidental et s’en approprie avec profit les acquis, il ne doit pas en rester là. Notre capacité incomparable à assimiler et à synthétiser les diverses traditions ethniques et culturelles – européennes, africaines et amérindiennes –, nous permet de rêver d’une nation capable d’améliorer la vie des citoyens sans pour autant abandonner la chaleur humaine et la joie de vivre.
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David, Rosalie. "Ancient Egyptian Medicine: The Contribution of Twenty-first Century Science." Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 89 (September 2013): 157–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/bjrl.89.s.9.
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Preserved human remains from ancient Egypt provide an unparalleled opportunity for studies in the history of disease and medical practices. Egyptian medical papyri describe physiological concepts, disease diagnoses and prescribed treatments which include both ‘irrational’,(magical) and ‘rational’ (surgical and pharmaceutical) procedures. Many previous studies of Egyptian medicine have concluded that ‘irrational’ methods predominated, but this perception is increasingly challenged by results from scientific studies of ancient human remains (including autopsy, radiology, endoscopy, palaeohistology and immunological and molecular analyses), and plant materials. This paper demonstrates the significant contribution being made by multidisciplinary studies to our understanding of disease occurrence and medical treatments in ancient Egypt, and considers the feasibility of developing epidemiological comparisons of ancient and modern data sets that will provide acceptable historical contexts for contemporary disease studies.
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Mehmood, Rashid, Royston Meriton, Gary Graham, Patrick Hennelly, and Mukesh Kumar. "Exploring the influence of big data on city transport operations: a Markovian approach." International Journal of Operations & Production Management 37, no. 1 (2017): 75–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-03-2015-0179.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to advance knowledge of the transformative potential of big data on city-based transport models. The central question guiding this paper is: how could big data transform smart city transport operations? In answering this question the authors present initial results from a Markov study. However the authors also suggest caution in the transformation potential of big data and highlight the risks of city and organizational adoption. A theoretical framework is presented together with an associated scenario which guides the development of a Markov model. Design/methodology/approach A model with several scenarios is developed to explore a theoretical framework focussed on matching the transport demands (of people and freight mobility) with city transport service provision using big data. This model was designed to illustrate how sharing transport load (and capacity) in a smart city can improve efficiencies in meeting demand for city services. Findings This modelling study is an initial preliminary stage of the investigation in how big data could be used to redefine and enable new operational models. The study provides new understanding about load sharing and optimization in a smart city context. Basically the authors demonstrate how big data could be used to improve transport efficiency and lower externalities in a smart city. Further how improvement could take place by having a car free city environment, autonomous vehicles and shared resource capacity among providers. Research limitations/implications The research relied on a Markov model and the numerical solution of its steady state probabilities vector to illustrate the transformation of transport operations management (OM) in the future city context. More in depth analysis and more discrete modelling are clearly needed to assist in the implementation of big data initiatives and facilitate new innovations in OM. The work complements and extends that of Setia and Patel (2013), who theoretically link together information system design to operation absorptive capacity capabilities. Practical implications The study implies that transport operations would actually need to be re-organized so as to deal with lowering CO2 footprint. The logistic aspects could be seen as a move from individual firms optimizing their own transportation supply to a shared collaborative load and resourced system. Such ideas are radical changes driven by, or leading to more decentralized rather than having centralized transport solutions (Caplice, 2013). Social implications The growth of cities and urban areas in the twenty-first century has put more pressure on resources and conditions of urban life. This paper is an initial first step in building theory, knowledge and critical understanding of the social implications being posed by the growth in cities and the role that big data and smart cities could play in developing a resilient and sustainable transport city system. Originality/value Despite the importance of OM to big data implementation, for both practitioners and researchers, we have yet to see a systematic analysis of its implementation and its absorptive capacity contribution to building capabilities, at either city system or organizational levels. As such the Markov model makes a preliminary contribution to the literature integrating big data capabilities with OM capabilities and the resulting improvements in system absorptive capacity.
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Van Brandenburg-Kulkarni, Prachee. "Sixth Freedom Revisited in the Twenty-First Century." Air and Space Law 40, Issue 1 (2015): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2015005.
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In 1996, Professor Henri A. Wassenbergh published an article in Air & Space Law titled 'The "Sixth" Freedom Revisited', building on his earlier work done on the subject as early as 1957. More than fifty years later this topic is still current. As international transit passengers become a source for more airports worldwide to tap into for income for their respective economies, it is worth looking at the prospects for this freedom of the air and the potential prospect of India jumping on the bandwagon as new kid on the block. Giving the personal role Professor Wassenbergh fulfilled in building up this part of KLM's business it seems an apt way to commemorate his contribution.
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Hahn, Jonas, Jens Hirsch, and Sven Bienert. "Does “clean” pay off? Housing markets and their perception of heating technology." Property Management 36, no. 5 (2018): 575–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pm-08-2017-0051.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of distinct types of heating technology and their price impact in German residential real estate markets, considering a wide range of other housing market determinants. The authors aim to test and to verify specifically, whether the obsolescence of heating technology leads to a significant price discount and whether higher technological standards (and environmental friendliness) come with a price premium on the market.Design/methodology/approachThe authors create housing market models for rental and sales segments by constructing generalized additive models with explicit multi-layered spatial components. To elaborate a profound and contemporary answer using these models, the authors perform large-sample regression analyses based on more than 400,000 observations covering German residential properties in 2015.FindingsFirst and foremost, the heating system indeed shows significant explanatory importance for measuring housing rents and purchasing price. Second, the authors find that it makes a difference whether clean “green” technologies are implemented or whether “brown” systems with obsolete technology or fossil energy sources is on hand. Ultimately, the authors conclude that while low energy consumption indeed comes with a price premium, this needs to be interpreted together with the property’s heating type, as housing markets seem to outweigh the “green premium” by “brown discounts” if low energy consumption figures are powered by a certain type of heating technology system.Research limitations/implicationsAside of a possible omitted variable bias, the main research limitation is constituted by the integration of asking prices in the analysis, as actual transaction prices are not systematically transparent on national level in Germany. Limitations are discussed at the end of the paper.Practical implicationsThis work supports investors who face the challenge of making environmental- and energy-related decisions as well as appraisers who deliver financial fundamentals for such. Third, the paper supports both asset managers as well as investment strategists in argumentation pro-environmental investments beyond all ecological necessity.Social implicationsThis paper contributes to the current discussion on climate change and the eclectic role of real estate in this context. The authors deliver evidence on pricing effects as a measure of socioeconomic acceptance of progressive heating technology and environmental friendliness as an imperative of twenty-first century societies.Originality/valueThis is the first study on “green premiums” or “brown discounts” that includes heating technology as a potential and distinct driver of value and rents. It is a contemporary contribution and delivers original information on the quantitative impact of contemporary and anachronistic technology in heating to researchers as well as investors and appraisers.
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Sutcliffe, John, and B. S. Markesinis. "The British Contribution to the Europe of the Twenty-First Century." International Journal 58, no. 1 (2002): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40203830.
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Stewart, Harrison, and Jan Jürjens. "Information security management and the human aspect in organizations." Information & Computer Security 25, no. 5 (2017): 494–534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ics-07-2016-0054.
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Purpose The aim of this study is to encourage management boards to recognize that employees play a major role in the management of information security. Thus, these issues need to be addressed efficiently, especially in organizations in which data are a valuable asset. Design/methodology/approach Before developing the instrument for the survey, first, effective measurement built upon existing literature review was identified and developed and the survey questionnaires were set according to past studies and the findings based on qualitative analyses. Data were collected by using cross-sectional questionnaire and a Likert scale, whereby each question was related to an item as in the work of Witherspoon et al. (2013). Data analysis was done using the SPSS.3B. Findings Based on the results from three surveys and findings, a principle of information security compliance practices was proposed based on the authors’ proposed nine-five-circle (NFC) principle that enhances information security management by identifying human conduct and IT security-related issues regarding the aspect of information security management. Furthermore, the authors’ principle has enabled closing the gap between technology and humans in this study by proving that the factors in the present study’s finding are interrelated and work together, rather than on their own. Research limitations/implications The main objective of this study was to address the lack of research evidence on what mobilizes and influences information security management development and implementation. This objective has been fulfilled by surveying, collecting and analyzing data and by giving an account of the attributes that hinder information security management. Accordingly, a major practical contribution of the present research is the empirical data it provides that enable obtaining a bigger picture and precise information about the real issues that cause information security management shortcomings. Practical implications In this sense, despite the fact that this study has limitations concerning the development of a diagnostic tool, it is obviously the main procedure for the measurements of a framework to assess information security compliance policies in the organizations surveyed. Social implications The present study’s discoveries recommend in actuality that using flexible tools that can be scoped to meet individual organizational needs have positive effects on the implementation of information security management policies within an organization. Accordingly, the research proposes that organizations should forsake the oversimplified generalized guidelines that neglect the verification of the difference in information security requirements in various organizations. Instead, they should focus on the issue of how to sustain and enhance their organization’s compliance through a dynamic compliance process that involves awareness of the compliance regulation, controlling integration and closing gaps. Originality/value The rapid growth of information technology (IT) has created numerous business opportunities. At the same time, this growth has increased information security risk. IT security risk is an important issue in industrial sectors, and in organizations that are innovating owing to globalization or changes in organizational culture. Previously, technology-associated risk assessments focused on various technology factors, but as of the early twenty-first century, the most important issue identified in technology risk studies is the human factor.
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Gordon, Janey. "British and Irish radio: Radio and audio in the twenty-first century in the United Kingdom and Ireland1." Interactions: Studies in Communication & Culture 12, no. 1 (2021): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/iscc_00032_2.
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This editorial serves as an introduction to the Special Issue titled ‘British and Irish Radio: Radio and Audio in the Twenty-First Century in the United Kingdom and Ireland’. This thematic collection brings together radio and audio research captured during the COVID-19 pandemic 2020‐21. The editorial begins by giving some geographic definitions and explains how the contributions are relevant globally, dealing with issues such as the importance of sound radio as a medium; the impact of new transmission, broadcasting and internet technologies; and how podcasting has established itself as a medium in its own right. This editorial also shares data from the 2021 government review of British radio and audio, and then points to the contributions which provide an account of contemporary Irish radio sectors and listenership and how legacy technologies, such as longwave, are still valued, especially by diasporic audiences. The focus then turns to the articles dealing with small-scale community radio and its management, programming and audiences during the pandemic. The articles in this Special Issue highlight twenty-first-century radio and audio in the United Kingdom and Ireland; however, the cases discussed will provide international scholars and readers with valuable examples and inform future research elsewhere.
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Twigg, Martyn V. "Twenty-Five Years of Autocatalysts." Platinum Metals Review 43, no. 4 (1999): 168–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1595/003214099x434168171.
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A quarter of a century ago the first autocatalysts were manufactured on a commercial scale by Johnson Matthey at Royston, near Cambridge, in England. This article looks at the background to this major contribution towards cleaning urban air and briefly traces the progress of car catalyst technology since the work of the early autocatalyst pioneers.
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Hartung, Paul J., and Annamaria Di Fabio. "Sustainable development: A fourth paradigm for twenty-first century careers." Australian Journal of Career Development 33, no. 3 (2024): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10384162241287739.
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This contribution proposes a fourth paradigm for twenty-first century careers adopting a sustainable development framework. First the evolution of the career development field through three paradigms (individual differences, individual development, life design) of career science and practice is offered. Then sustainable development as a fourth paradigm is introduced considering two pillars, Sustainability Science including contributions from the psychology of sustainability and sustainable development, and Human Security Psychology. Enhancing the well-being of individuals and environments, the fourth paradigm asks for redefining sustainable careers, career intervention, and skills for career counselors. Decent work, decent lives and healthy lives issues are included.
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Woods, Tryon P. "Marronage, Here and There: Liberia, Enslavement's Conversion, and the Settler-Not." International Labor and Working-Class History 96 (2019): 38–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547919000206.
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AbstractThis proposed contribution to the special issue of ILWCH offers a theoretical re-consideration of the Liberian project. If, as is commonly supposed in its historiography and across contemporary discourse regarding its fortunes into the twenty-first century, Liberia is a notable, albeit contested, instance of the modern era's correctable violence in that it stands as an imperfect realization of the emancipated slave, the liberated colony, and the freedom to labor unalienated, then such representation continues to hide more than it reveals. This essay, instead, reads Liberia as an instructive leitmotif for the conversion of racial slavery's synecdochical plantation system in the Americas into the plantation of the world writ large: the global scene of antiblackness and the immutable qualification for enslavement accorded black positionality alone. Transitions between political economic systems—from slave trade to “re-colonization,” from Firestone occupation to dictatorial-democratic regimes—reemerge from this re-examination as crucial but inessential to understanding Liberia's position, and thus that of black laboring subjects, in the modern world. I argue that slavery is the simultaneous primitive accumulation of black land and bodies, but that this reality largely escapes current conceptualization of not only the history of labor but also that of enslavement. In other words, the African slave trade (driven first by Arabs in the Indian Ocean region, then Europeans in the Mediterranean, and, subsequently, Euro-Americans in the Atlantic) did not simply leave as its corollary effect, or byproduct, the underdevelopment of African societies. The trade in African flesh was at once the co-production of a geography of desire in which blackness is perpetually fungible at every scale, from the body to the nation-state to its soil—all treasures not simply for violation and exploitation, but more importantly, for accumulation and all manner of usage. The Liberian project elucidates this ongoing reality in distinctive ways—especially when we regard it through the lens of the millennium-plus paradigm of African enslavement. Conceptualizing slavery's “afterlife” entails exploring the ways that emancipation extended, not ameliorated, the chattel condition, and as such, impugns the efficacy of key analytic categories like “settler,” “native,” “labor,” and “freedom” when applied to black existence. Marronage, rather than colonization or emancipation, situates Liberia within the intergenerational struggle of, and over, black work against social death. Read as enslavement's conversion, this essay neither impugns nor heralds black action and leadership on the Liberian project at a particular historical moment, but rather agitates for centering black thought on the ongoing issue of black fungibility and social captivity that Liberia exemplifies. I argue that such a reading of Liberia presents a critique of both settler colonialism and of a certain conceptualization of the black radical tradition and its futures in heavily optimist, positivist, and political economic terms that are enjoying considerable favor in leading discourse on black struggle today.
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Alexander, Michael A., Robert Tomas, Clara Deser, and David M. Lawrence. "The Atmospheric Response to Projected Terrestrial Snow Changes in the Late Twenty-First Century." Journal of Climate 23, no. 23 (2010): 6430–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3899.1.
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Abstract Two atmospheric general circulation model experiments are conducted with specified terrestrial snow conditions representative of 1980–99 and 2080–99. The snow states are obtained from twentieth-century and twenty-first-century coupled climate model integrations under increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. Sea surface temperatures, sea ice, and greenhouse gas concentrations are set to 1980–99 values in both atmospheric model experiments to isolate the effect of the snow changes. The reduction in snow cover in the twenty-first century relative to the twentieth century increases the solar radiation absorbed by the surface, and it enhances the upward longwave radiation and latent and sensible fluxes that warm the overlying atmosphere. The maximum twenty-first-century minus twentieth-century surface air temperature (SAT) differences are relatively small (<3°C) compared with those due to Arctic sea ice changes (∼10°C). However, they are continental in scale and are largest in fall and spring, when they make a significant contribution to the overall warming over Eurasia and North America in the twenty-first century. The circulation response to the snow changes, while of modest amplitude, involves multiple components, including a local low-level trough, remote Rossby wave trains, an annular pattern that is strongest in the stratosphere, and a hemispheric increase in geopotential height.
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Kippola, Karl M. "Women's Contribution to Nineteenth-Century American Theatre." Theatre Survey 47, no. 1 (2006): 136–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557406330098.
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Most scholars of American drama and theatre acknowledge that women's contributions to the field, especially those prior to the twentieth century, have been underrepresented. Over the past twenty-five years, scholars have begun to address a number of those glaring omissions. Women in American Theatre (New York: Crown, 1981; rev, and exp,, New York: TCG, 1987), edited by Helen Krich Chinoy and Linda Walsh Jenkins, fired the first resounding salvo, addressing an enormous range of material. Faye Dudden's outstanding Women in the American Theatre: Actresses & Audiences, 1790–1870 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994) provided a more focused study and insight into countless previously unknown figures. Amelia Howe Kritzer's Plays by Early American Women, 1775–1850 (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1995) brought to the surface many plays and dramatists never before anthologized.
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Ruth, Cheptoo, and V. Ramadas. "The “Africanized” Competency-Based Curriculum: The Twenty-First Century Strides." Shanlax International Journal of Education 7, no. 4 (2019): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/education.v7i4.640.
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African education still changes due to the influence of technological advancement and globalization. Many African countries are struggling to be at the breast with the international standards in the knowledge economy progress. Adoption of Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC) brings new trends on the leverage of African education with the rest of the world. CBC emphasis is on the attainment of competencies among the graduates, which is fundamental to the employability in the job market.Moreover, it is mostly concerned with skills and attitudes that learners need to apply in their professional life. Many countries in Africa that have adopted CBC are now getting solutions to the local needs of the populace though faced with diverse challenges. CBC, as implemented in the developed countries, has shown instrumental progress in the contribution to the standards of the graduates. This paper discusses the general adoption of CBC in different Africa countries, description of paradigm shifts of CBC, factors that call for the need to africanise CBC, This calls for Africa to rethink realignment of the adopted CBC to the African context.
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Xanthoudaki, Maria. "Museums, innovative pedagogies and the twenty-first century learner: a question of Methodology." Museum and Society 13, no. 2 (2015): 247–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.29311/mas.v13i2.329.
Full textAbstract:
The paper aims to build a ground for thinking about museums’ role in society and the development of the twenty-first century learner. The first and second parts of the paper focus on the influences technological evolution and current global challenges have brought to our lives, and the consequent requirementsfor ‘new’ learning and skills. The third part examines how different elements of new pedagogies and approaches could reinforce the twenty-first century learner and could, moreover, inspire museums. The final part of the paper focuses on the specific contribution that museums could make by integrating their unique identity and approach with elements from the new pedagogies.
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Sutcliffe, John. "Review: Europe: The British Contribution to the Europe of the Twenty-First Century." International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 58, no. 1 (2003): 227–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002070200305800121.
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Kanyoro, Musimbi. "Engendered Communal Theology: African Women's Contribution to Theology in the Twenty-First Century." Feminist Theology 9, no. 27 (2001): 36–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096673500100002704.
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Miller, Sara E., Lisa N. Barrow, Sean M. Ehlman, et al. "Building Natural History Collections for the Twenty-First Century and Beyond." BioScience 70, no. 8 (2020): 674–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biaa069.
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Abstract Natural history collections (NHCs) are important resources for a diverse array of scientific fields. Recent digitization initiatives have broadened the user base of NHCs, and new technological innovations are using materials generated from collections to address novel scientific questions. Simultaneously, NHCs are increasingly imperiled by reductions in funding and resources. Ensuring that NHCs continue to serve as a valuable resource for future generations will require the scientific community to increase their contribution to and acknowledgement of collections. We provide recommendations and guidelines for scientists to support NHCs, focusing particularly on new users that may be unfamiliar with collections. We hope that this perspective will motivate debate on the future of NHCs and the role of the scientific community in maintaining and improving biological collections.
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Miller, Sara E., Lisa N. Barrow, Sean M. Ehlman, et al. "Building Natural History Collections for the Twenty-First Century and Beyond." BioScience 70, no. 8 (2020): 674–87. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13512181.
Full textAbstract:
(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Natural history collections (NHCs) are important resources for a diverse array of scientific fields. Recent digitization initiatives have broadened the user base of NHCs, and new technological innovations are using materials generated from collections to address novel scientific questions. Simultaneously, NHCs are increasingly imperiled by reductions in funding and resources. Ensuring that NHCs continue to serve as a valuable resource for future generations will require the scientific community to increase their contribution to and acknowledgement of collections. We provide recommendations and guidelines for scientists to support NHCs, focusing particularly on new users that may be unfamiliar with collections. We hope that this perspective will motivate debate on the future of NHCs and the role of the scientific community in maintaining and improving biological collections.