Dissertations / Theses: 'Contributions in planning'

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Xampeny, Solaní Rafael. "Contributions to the planning and analysis of factorial designs." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/620638.

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The thesis is structured in five articles. In the first article, two methods are compared to analyze the significance of the effects: the Lenth method and the one based on the estimation of the variance of the effects from interactions that can be considered negligible from scratch. For the most common factorial designs and in a set of scenarios that seek to reflect the situations that the experimenter can find in practice, simulation techniques are used to identify the errors that are committed with each method. Based on the analysis of the results obtained, we recommend in which situations it is more appropriate to use one method or the other. The second article analyzes the problem of estimating the results of experiments that could not be performed based on the expression of the interactions that can be considered negligible. The variance of the estimated values depends on what these values are and also on the interactions considered negligible. All possible encountered situations are analyzed and tables are presented with the values that can be estimated with minimum variance depending on the type of design and the contrasts available to perform the estimates. The third article deals with the same problem as the second but analyzing the impact of the estimate not on the variance of the estimated response values but on the variance of the effects and also on the correlations among them. The analysis of all the situations that can be given in the most common designs, allows us to make recommendations about what experiments should be skipped in the case that, due to time or budgetary constraints, all runs indicated by the factorial design cannot be executed.
La tesi està estructurada en cinc articles. En el primer es comparen dos mètodes per analitzar la significació dels efectes: el mètode de Lenth i el basat en l’estimació de la variància dels efectes a partir de les interacciones que a priori es poden considerar nul·les. Pels dissenys factorials més habituals i en un conjunt d’escenaris que pretenen reflectir les situacions que l’experimentador es pots trobar a la pràctica, es fan servir tècniques de simulació per identificar els errors que es cometen amb cada mètode. A partir de l’anàlisi dels resultats obtinguts es recomana en quina situació és més adequat fer servir un mètode o l’altre. El segon article analitza el problema d’estimar els resultats d’experiments que no s’han pogut realitzar a partir de l’expressió de les interaccions que es poden considerar negligibles. La variància dels valors estimats depèn de quins siguin aquests valors i també de les interaccions considerades negligibles. S’analitzen totes les situacions que es poden donar i es presenten unes taules amb els valors que es poden estimar amb variància mínima segons el tipus de disseny i de quins siguin els contrastos disponibles per fer les estimacions. El tercer article aborda el mateix problema que el segon però analitzant l’impacte de l’estimació no en la variància dels valors estimats sinó en la variància dels efectes i també en les correlacions entre ells. L’anàlisi de totes les situacions que es poden donar en els dissenys més habituals permet fer recomanacions sobre quins experiments convé deixar de fer en el cas que per restriccions de temps o pressupostaries no es puguin fer tots el que indica el disseny factorial. Fer servir resultats estimats en comptes de fer els experiments, té conseqüències negatives encara que es facin servir les millors opcions possibles. Aquestes conseqüències negatives s’estudien en el quart article i fan referencia a l’augment de la probabilitat d’error, tant de tipus I com de tipus II, en l’anàlisi de la significació dels efectes. Aquest article aporta un conjunt de gràfics que representen les probabilitats d’error amb valors estimats en front el cas que s’hagin fet tots els experiments. Finalment, els cinquè article té una estructura similar al primer. Es compara el mètode de Lenth, el més popular i el que apareix més sovint en els paquets de software estadístic, amb el mètode de Box-Meyer. Aquest últim és un mètode bayesià que pràcticament no es fa servir, segurament per la seva dificultat tant a nivell conceptual com de càlcul. Però aquestes dificultats perden rellevància amb l’ús generalitzat dels ordinadors. L’article posa de manifest que en molts casos el mètode de Box-Meyer dona millor resultats que el de Lenth.

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Xiao, Liyang. "Contributions on planning and optimization in modern healthcare system." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCA028.

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La recherche opérationnelle (RO) joue un rôle important dans les systèmes de santé. Au cours des dernières années, l'hospitalisation à domicile comme les hôpitaux de réhabilitation ont émergé pour pallier aux coûts du système de santé et à la qualité de vie des patients. Dans les secteurs de la réhabilitation, la gestion des soins de santé est sous-développée et la plupart des hôpitaux de réhabilitation sont gérés uniquement par l’expérience. Dans cette thèse, nous traitons d'abord le problème de la planification des traitements dans les hôpitaux de réhabilitation afin de les optimiser. Notre travail vise à réduire le temps d’attente des patients hospitalisés et ainsi améliorer leur satisfaction. Afin de résoudre efficacement ce problème de planification de traitements complexes, nous proposons une approche basée sur un algorithme de recherche hybride de coucou qui est testée et validée dans un cas réel. Nous nous intéressons ensuite à l'hospitalisation à domicile qui constitue un autre problème réel compte tenu du vieillissement de la population. Dans la plupart des régions, un nombre croissant d’organisations à but lucratif et à but non lucratif s’associent pour offrir des soins aux patients. Elles ont tendance à atteindre un niveau hospitalier tant en quantité et qu'en qualité avec une flexibilité accrue par rapport aux services hospitaliers. Nous étudions les problèmes de planification et d'acheminement des soins à domicile en tenant compte de nombreuses contraintes liées à la fois aux patients et aux soignants. Le problème est un scénario pratique motivé et vise à minimiser les coûts d'exploitation totaux. Nous utilisons le solveur commercial Gurobi pour résoudre et valider le modèle avec des données réelles
Operations research (OR) plays an important role in healthcare system. In recent years, rehabilitation hospitals have been emerging to meet the increasing needs for rehabilitation services due to the ageing population trend. However, the healthcare management in rehabilitation sectors is undeveloped and most of the rehabilitation hospitals (departments) are managed by experience. In this thesis, we deal with a treatment scheduling problem in rehabilitation hospitals. The objective is to facilitate the scheduling process. More importantly, our work aims at reducing the waiting time of inpatients so as to improve inpatients’ satisfactions. In order to solve the complex treatment scheduling problem efficiently, we propose an approach based on a hybrid cuckoo search algorithm which is tested and validated in a real case. Moreover, home healthcare (HHC) is another real-world issue considering the aggravating trend of ageing population. In most areas, an increasing number of social-profit & non-profit organizations are joining in providing healthcare services to patients at their homes and it has a tendency to reach the hospital-level in both quantity and quality for the added flexibility than hospital's service. We investigate home healthcare scheduling and routing problem with consideration of many real-life factors, especially lunch break requirement. The problem is practical scenario motivated and aims at minimizing the total operating cost. We use the commercial solver Gurobi to solve and validate the model with real data

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La, Hera Pedro. "Underactuated mechanical systems : Contributions to trajectory planning, analysis, and control." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-39719.

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Nature and its variety of motion forms have inspired new robot designs with inherentunderactuated dynamics. The fundamental characteristic of these controlled mechanicalsystems, called underactuated, is to have the number of actuators less than the number ofdegrees of freedom. The absence of full actuation brings challenges to planning feasibletrajectories and designing controllers. This is in contrast to classical fully-actuated robots.A particular problem that arises upon study of such systems is that of generating periodicmotions, which can be seen in various natural actions such as walking, running,hopping, dribbling a ball, etc. It is assumed that dynamics can be modeled by a classicalset of second-order nonlinear differential equations with impulse effects describing possibleinstantaneous impacts, such as the collision of the foot with the ground at heel strikein a walking gait. Hence, we arrive at creating periodic solutions in underactuated Euler-Lagrange systems with or without impulse effects. However, in the qualitative theory ofnonlinear dynamical systems, the problem of verifying existence of periodic trajectoriesis a rather nontrivial subject.The aim of this work is to propose systematic procedures to plan such motions and ananalytical technique to design orbitally stabilizing feedback controllers. We analyze andexemplify both cases, when the robotmodel is described just by continuous dynamics, andwhen continuous dynamics is interrupted from time to time by state-dependent updates.For trajectory planning, systems with one or two passive links are considered, forwhich conditions are derived to achieve periodicmotions by encoding synchronizedmovementsof all the degrees of freedom. For controller design we use an explicit form tolinearize dynamics transverse to the motion. This computation is valid for an arbitrarydegree of under-actuation. The linear system obtained, called transverse linearization, isused to analyze local properties in a vicinity of the motion, and also to design feedbackcontrollers. The theoretical background of these methods is presented, and developedin detail for some particular examples. They include the generation of oscillations forinverted pendulums, the analysis of human movements by captured motion data, and asystematic gait synthesis approach for a three-link biped walker with one actuator.

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Berglund, Martina. "Using Tentacles in Planning and Scheduling Work : Activities, Roles and Contributions." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Ergonomi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-10564.

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Handling production scheduling is increasingly difficult for manyenterprises, and human involvement is necessary. The overall objective ofthis research was to gain further understanding of planners’ and schedulers’work within the manufacturing industry, to elucidate how their worksituation is formed, and to explain their significance to other employees’work and company activities. Scheduling work was studied in fourcompanies in the Swedish woodworking industry; a sawmill, a parquet floormanufacturer, a furniture manufacturer and a house manufacturer. Themethod used was activity analysis which is based on the analysis of workactivities in real work situations. Data collection included 20 days’observations and 65 interviews. Cross-case analysis with British cases onplanning work was also included.The findings revealed that the schedulers’ tasks lead to many activities. Twothirds of these are what can be expected. The remaining third constitutesactivities that depend on the schedulers’ individual attributes and the contextin which they work. The schedulers serve as problem solvers in a number ofdomains and constitute efficient information nodes, making them animportant service function. Furthermore, they have an alignment rolebetween different organizational groups. This role is specifically remarkablein dealing with production enquiries that must be aligned with productioncapability. Here, both planners and schedulers play an essential role inlinking the manufacturing and the commercial sides and their differentfunctional logics.Planners and schedulers in daily work exert strong influence on others. Theydo not hold legitimate power. Instead their influence emanates mainly fromaccess to and control of information and their ability to apply expertise tointerpret this information and examine the impact of decisions made acrossdifferent areas of the business. Personal power related to social skills is alsosignificant.Furthermore, they facilitate others’ work in continuous personalinteractions, serving the technical scheduling software system, and aligningdifferent organizational functions. In combination with expert knowledgeand developed social skills, they significantly contribute to quality operationsperformance. Finally, the schedulers influence the decision latitude of otheremployees and may indirectly promote job satisfaction, thus contributing todeveloping appropriate working conditions for others in the company.
QC 20100624

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Berglund, Martina. "Using tentacles in planning and scheduling work : activiteis, roles and contributions /." Stockholm : Skolan för teknik och hälsa, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-10564.

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FILIPPO, THAIS HERNANDEZ. "STRATEGIC INVESTMENTS PLANNING AND EXECUTION UNDER UNCERTAINTY: REAL OPTION THEORY CONTRIBUTIONS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2011. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=19254@1.

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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
Este trabalho se propõe a orientar como utilizar de forma conjunta e complementar os conceitos de Estratégia Empresarial e Finanças, mais especificamente da Teoria de Opções Reais, uma moderna teoria de análise de investimentos sob incerteza. Nas empresas vem coexistindo dois sistemas para a alocação de recursos: o planejamento estratégico e a orçamentação de capital, em geral, o primeiro define as iniciativas estratégicas e o segundo faz a verificação de viabilidade econômico-financeira destas iniciativas. Entretanto, muitas vezes a intuição vai contra as análises financeiras tradicionais. Além disso, a complexidade da tomada de decisão estratégica em um ambiente de incerteza vem crescendo em função do acelerado dinamismo do mercado e da infinidade de oportunidades que aparecem em um mundo altamente globalizado e conectado. Portanto, a união dos conceitos atualmente dispersos nestes dois sistemas é de fundamental importância para a deliberação e execução de estratégias consistentes e lucrativas. A Teoria de Opções Reais, cujas características se aproximam mais da realidade estratégica por considerar as flexibilidades gerenciais e não ter a abordagem passiva das ferramentas tradicionais, aparece, então, como uma resposta a esta necessidade de aproximação. Neste contexto, esta dissertação busca analisar a contribuição desta teoria à Estratégia Empresarial e construir um modelo que aproxime estes dois campos de estudo e direcione a prática de planejamento e execução de investimentos estratégicos.
This work intends to give guidance on how to use jointly and complementarily the concepts of Corporate Strategy and Finance, specifically the Theory of Real Options, a modern theory of investment analysis under uncertainty. In corporate practice are co-existing two systems for resource allocation, strategic planning and capital budgeting. Usually the first defines the strategic initiatives and the second checks the economic viability of these initiatives. However, intuition often goes against the traditional financial analysis. Moreover, the complexity of strategic decision making in an uncertain environment is growing rapidly as a function of market dynamics and the myriad of opportunities that appear in a highly globalized and connected world. Therefore, the union of these two concepts currently dispersed in these systems is of fundamental importance for the deliberation and execution of consistent and profitable strategies. Real Options Theory, whose characteristics are closer to reality by considering the strategic and managerial flexibility and not having the passive approach of traditional tools, then appears as a response to this need for approximation. In this context, this dissertation seeks to analyze the contribution of this theory to business strategy and build a model that combines these two fields of study and directs the practice of planning and execution of strategic investments.

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Brachman, Lavea. "Institutional contributions to firm growth in university related research parks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12406.

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Rumipamba, Zambrano Rubén Darío. "Contributions to network planning and operation of Flex-Grid/SDM optical core networks." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666326.

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The ever demanding bandwidth requirements for supporting emerging telecom services such as ultra-high-definition video streaming, cloud computing, connected car, virtual/augmented reality, etc., bring to the fore the necessity to upgrade continuously the technology behind transport networks in order to keep pace with this exponential traffic growth. Thus, everything seems to indicate that fixed-grid Wavelength-Division Multiplexed (WDM) networks will be upgraded by adopting a flexible-grid, thus providing finer bandwidth allocation granularities, and therefore, increasing the Grade-of-Service by packing more information in the same spectral band of standard Single-Mode Fibers (SMFs). Nevertheless, unfortunately, the fundamental Shannon’s limit of SMFs is rapidly approaching, and, then, the research efforts to increase the SMFs' capacity will be useless. One solution to overcome this capacity crunch effect is to enable one extra dimension in addition to the frequency one, namely, the spatial dimension, thus deploying S parallel paths in order to multiply, in the best case, by S the capacity of SMF-based networks. However, additionally, it is necessary to decrease the cost and energy per bit in order to provide economically attractive solutions. For this purpose, a smooth upgrade path has to be carried out as new integrated devices and system components are developed for Space Division Multiplexing (SDM). This thesis is concentrated on the planning and operation of the combined flexible WDM and SDM networks (i.e., Flex-Grid/SDM networks) proposing several strategies aimed at optimizing network resources usage with hardware complexity analysis. For this purpose, firstly, network problems are carefully studied and stated, and then, mathematical and/or heuristic algorithms are designed and implemented in an optical network simulator. Specifically, after an introduction to the thesis, chapter 2 presents the background and related work. Next, chapter 3 concentrates on the study of spatially fixed Flex-Grid/SDM networks, i.e., when a rigid number of spatial channels are reserved per allocated traffic demand. In its turn, chapter 4 studies the case of Spectrally-Spatially Flexible Optical Networks (SS-FONs), as the ones providing the upper-bound network capacity. Costs and hardware requirements implied on providing this flexibility are analyzed. Network nodes aimed at reducing the cost of SS-FONs are presented and evaluated in chapter 5. Finally, this thesis ends with the presentation of the main contributions and future research work in chapter 6.
La demanda de ancho de banda cada vez más exigente para soportar servicios de telecomunicación emergentes tales como la transmisión de video de alta calidad, computación en la nube, vehículo conectado, realidad virtual/aumentada, etc.…, ha puesto de manifiesto la necesidad de actualizar constantemente la tecnología detrás de las redes de transporte óptico con la finalidad de ir a la par de este incremento exponencial del tráfico. De esta manera, todo parece indicar que las redes basadas en la multiplexación por division de longitud de onda (Wavelength Division Multiplexing, WDM) de ancho espectral fijo serán actualizadas adoptando un ancho de banda espectral flexible, que ofrece asignaciones de ancho de banda con granularidad más fina acorde a las demandas de tráfico; y por lo tanto, incremanta el Grado de Servicio de la red, ya que se permite acomodar mayor información en la misma banda espectral de las fibras monomodo (Single Mode Fibers, SMFs). Sin embargo, desafortunadamente, el límite de Shannon de las fibras monomodo se está aproximando cada vez más, y cuando esto ocurra las investigaciones para incrementar la capacidad de las fibras monomodo serán infructuosas. Una posible solución para superar este colapso de las fibras monomodo es habilitar la dimensión espacial a más de la frecuencial, desplegando 𝑆� caminos paralelos con la finalidad de multiplicar por 𝑆� (en el mejor de los casos) la capacidad de las fibras monomodo. No obstante, es necesario disminuir el costo y la energía por bit con la finalidad de proveer soluciones comerciales atractivas. Para tal propósito debe llevarse a cabo una actualización moderada conforme nuevos dispositivos y componentes integrados son desarrollados para la implementación de la tecnología basada en la multiplexación por división de espacio (Space Division Multiplexing, SDM). Esta tesis se concentra en la planificación y operación de la combinación de las redes WDM flexibles y SDM (es decir, de las redes Flex-Grid/SDM) proponiendo varias estrategias dirigidas a optimizar el uso de los recursos de red junto con el análisis de la complejidad del hardware que viene acompañada. Para este fin, primeramente, los problemas de red son cuidadosamente estudiados y descritos. A continuación, se han diseñado e implementado algoritmos basados en programación lineal entera o heurísticas en un simulador de redes ópticas. Después de una introducción inicial, el capítulo 2 de esta tesis presenta el marco teórico sobre los conceptos tratados y los trabajos publicados anteriormente. A continuación, el capítulo 3 se concentra en el estudio de las redes Flex-Grid/SDM con la dimensión espacial rígida; es decir, cuando un número fijo de canales espaciales son reservados por cada demanda de tráfico establecida. Por su parte, el capítulo 4 estudia las redes Flex-Grid/SDM considerando flexibilidad tanto en el dominio espacial como espectral (Spectrally and Spatially Flexible Optical Networks, SS-FONs), las cuales proveerían la capacidad máxima de las redes SDM. Adicionalmente, los costos y requerimientos de hardware implicados en la provisión de esta flexibilidad son analizados. El capítulo 5 presenta la evaluación de nodos orientados a reducir los costos de las SS-FONs. Finalmente, el capítulo 6 expone las principales contribuciones y las posibles líneas de trabajo futuro
Els requisits incessants d’ample de banda per al suport de nous serveis de telecomunicació, com poden ser la difusió en directe de vídeo de molt alta definició, la informàtica en el núvol, els cotxes intel·ligents connectats a la xarxa, la realitat virtual/augmentada, etc…, han exigit una millora contínua de les tecnologíes de les actuals xarxes de transport de dades. Tot sembla indicar que les xarxes de transport òptiques actuals, basades en la tecnologia de multiplexació per divisió de longitud d’ona (Wavelength Division Multiplexing, WDM) sobre un grid espectral rígid, hauran de ser reemplaçades per tecnologies òptiques més flexibles, amb una granularitat més fina a l’hora de suportar noves connexions, incrementat el grau de servei de les xarxes gràcies a aprofitament major de l’ample de banda espectral proporcionat per les fibres òptiques monomode (Single Mode Fibers, SMFs). Tanmateix, estem exhaurint ja la capacitat màxima de les fibres òptiques SMF segons ens indica el límit fonamental de Shannon. Per tant, qualsevol esforç enfocat a millorar la capacitat d’aquestes xarxes basades en SMFs pot acabar sent infructuós. Una possible solució per superar aquestes limitacions de capacitat és explorar la dimensió espacial, a més de l’espectral, desplegant 𝑆 camins en paral·lel per tal de multiplicar per 𝑆, en el millor cas, la capacitat de les SMFs. Tot i això, és necessari reduir el cost i el consum energètic per bit transmès, per tal de proporcionar solucions econòmicament viables. Amb aquest propòsit, pot ser necessària una migració progressiva, a mesura que es desenvolupen nous dispositius i components per aquesta nova tecnologia de multiplexació per divisió espacial (Spatial Division Multiplexing, SDM). La present tesi es centra en la planificació i operació de xarxes òptiques de nova generació que combinin tecnologies de xarxa WDM flexible i SDM (és a dir, xarxes Flex-Grid/SDM), proposant estratègies per a l’optimització de l’ús dels recursos de xarxa i, en definitiva, el seu cost (CapEx). Amb aquest propòsit, s’analitzen en primer moment els problemes adreçats. Tot seguit, es dissenyen algorismes per tal de solucionar-los, basats en tècniques de programació matemàtica i heurístiques, els quals s’implementen i es proven en un simulador de xarxa òptica. Després d’una introducció inicial, el capítol 2 d’aquesta tesi presenta tots els conceptes tractats i treballs relacionats publicats amb anterioritat. Tot seguit, el capítol 3 es centra en l’estudi de les xarxes Flex-Grid/SDM fixes en el domini espai, és a dir, on sempre es reserva un nombre rígid de canals espacials per qualsevol demanda suportada. El capítol 4 estudia les xarxes flexibles en els dominis espectrals i espacials (Spectrally-Spatially Flexible Optical Nextworks, SS-FONs), com aquelles que poden proporcionar una capacitat de xarxa màxima. En aquest context, s’analitzen els requeriments en termes de cost i hardware per tal de proporcionar aquesta flexibilitat. Llavors, en el capítol 6 es presenten opcions de node de xarxa capaces de reduir els costos de les xarxes SS-FONs. Finalment, en el capítol 7 es repassen totes les contribucions de la tesi, així com posibles línies de treball futur

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Sayles, Rebecca. "Customer contributions to water sector planning and decision-making in England and Wales." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2015. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/12261.

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Mounting recognition of the socio-political context of the management of water resources has rendered the application of technocratic approaches in isolation insufficient in addressing future management challenges with participatory approaches increasingly promoted in response. Against this background, new regulatory mechanisms in the water sector in England and Wales promise an increased role for the views of customers in water utility planning and decision- making. Yet, existing scholarship on the institutionalisation of participative approaches in water utility planning and decision-making in England and Wales is sparse. This thesis contributes to an improved understanding of factors that hold potential to impact institutionalisation of participative approaches in this context by focusing on three specific aspects of effectiveness; motivational clarity, the influence of participative mechanism design, and the use and influence of water utility customer contributions in water sector planning and decision-making. This has been achieved through the deployment of participatory research in collaboration with the sponsoring organisation (a water utility operating in England and Wales) utilising group discussion and semi-structured interviews with domestic water customers and water utility practitioner respectively. Findings demonstrate that preference elicitation vehicles embedded within participatory mechanisms hold the potential to influence participants expressed preferences thus representing a key design consideration where multi- mechanism approaches are deployed in planning and decision-making contexts. Furthermore, useful design considerations for multi-attribute presentation in participatory mechanisms are presented. Findings also identify a dominance of instrumental and legalistic practitioner motivations for the use of participative approaches in water utility decision-making. Foremost, it identified the significance of the regulator in driving water utility practices for the management and influence of customer contributions in planning and decision- making, and more fundamentally illustrates the significant barrier posed by a legacy of technocratic practices for the institutionalisation of participatory approaches in water utilities.

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McArdle, Joseph Jude. "Semantically Based Lexical Processing Yields Unique Topographic Contributions to the Speech Bereitschaftspotential." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26933.

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SEMANTICALLY BASED LEXICAL PROCESSING YIELDS UNIQUE TOPOGRAPHIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE SPEECH BEREITSCHAFTSPOTENTIAL By Joseph J. McArdle Martha Ann Bell, Ph.D. & Allen R. Braun, M.D., Co-Chairs The Bereitschaftspotential (BP) is an event related potential believed to reflect motor planning and preparedness. Although the relationship between the BP and volitional movements of the distal limbs is well established, studies of the BP and speech have produced inconclusive findings. The most heavily debated of these findings were reports of left lateralized hemispheric asymmetry in the BP topography, shortly before speech onset. Several researchers argued that these shifts were artifacts produced by movements of the articulatory muscles. However, methodological differences between the studies could also explain why the asymmetry was not always found. In the present study it was proposed that articulatory complexity and semantic processing each contribute to observed variations in the speech BP topography. Eighteen healthy volunteers performed 3 speech tasks, designed to distinguish semantic and articulatory contributions to the BP topography. The findings suggested that articulatory complexity and semantic processing each uniquely contribute to the frontolateral and medial BP topographic distribution. The present study also introduced the use of Doppler imaging of the tongue as a means of eliminating potential artifactual tongue movements from the speech BP.
Ph. D.

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Schaal, Kai Niclas Verfasser], Alexander [Akademischer Betreuer] [Hübner, and Heinrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Kuhn. "Five contributions on retail shelf-space planning [cumulative dissertation] / Kai Niclas Schaal ; Alexander Hübner, Heinrich Kuhn." Eichstätt-Ingolstadt : Katholische Universität Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1127740660/34.

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Schaal, Kai Niclas [Verfasser], Alexander [Akademischer Betreuer] Hübner, and Heinrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Kuhn. "Five contributions on retail shelf-space planning [cumulative dissertation] / Kai Niclas Schaal ; Alexander Hübner, Heinrich Kuhn." Eichstätt-Ingolstadt : Katholische Universität Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:824-opus4-3530.

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Ferguson, Smith Ayanay Camille. "The Predictive Contributions of Spatial Planning to Adaptive and Cognitive Functioning in Children Diagnosed with Brain Tumors." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_diss/17.

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To date, the effect of planning ability on adaptive functioning has not been extensively examined in children treated for brain tumors. Findings indicate that individuals with brain tumors are more likely to experience poor planning ability (Boyd & Sautter, 1993) and that children with even mild neurological complications demonstrate impairments in adaptive functioning (Fletcher et al., 1990). The purpose of this study is to assess spatial planning and to examine its utility in predicting adaptive and cognitive functional impairment in children diagnosed and treated for brain tumors. Forty children diagnosed with a brain tumor (mean age at diagnosis 8.6 years) were administered the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF) task, the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (VABS), and the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale: Fourth Edition (SB:IV) at an average of one year post diagnosis (post acute) and again at two years post diagnosis (long term). The results of this investigation did not support the use of spatial planning skills as a predictor of adaptive functioning at one year or two years post diagnosis. However, spatial planning skill was an important predictor of cognitive functioning, accounting for a significant amount of variance at both one year and two years post diagnosis. These results were not expected and therefore further analyses were performed in order to better understand the data and results. Additional analyses suggest that it is spatial skill and not spatial planning that predicts adaptive functioning. Further research should continue to ask questions that will impact how we understand executive, adaptive, and cognitive functioning outcomes in children diagnosed with brain tumors.

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Lamers, Eugen. "Contributions to Simulation Speed-up : Rare Event Simulation and Short-term Dynamic Simulation for Mobile Network Planning /." Wiesbaden : Vieweg + Teubner in GWV Fachverlage, 2008. http://d-nb.info/988382016/04.

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Lamers, Eugen. "Contributions to simulation speed-up rare event simulation and short-term dynamic simulation for mobile network planning." Wiesbaden Vieweg + Teubner, 2007. http://d-nb.info/988382016/04.

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Miranda, de Loureiro Manuel Valentim. "Transmission and Interconnection Planning in Power Systems: Contributions to Investment Under Uncertainty and Cross-Border Cost Allocation." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2017. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/1105.

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Electricity transmission network investments are playing a key role in the integration process of power systems in the European Union. Given the magnitude of investment costs, their irreversibility, and their impact in the overall development of a region, accounting for the role of uncertainties as well as the involvement of multiple parties in the decision process allows for improved and more robust investment decisions. Even though the creation of this internal energy market requires attention to flexibility and strategic decision-making, existing literature and practitioners have not given proper attention to these topics. Using portfolios of real options, we present two stochastic mixed integer linear programming models for transmission network expansion planning. We study the importance of explicitly addressing uncertainties, the option to postpone decisions and other sources of flexibility in the design of transmission networks. In a case study based on the Azores archipelago we show how renewables penetration can increase by introducing contingency planning into the decision process considering generation capacity uncertainty. We also present a two-party Nash-Coase bargaining transmission capacity investment model. We illustrate optimal fair share cost allocation policies with a case study based on the Iberian market. Lastly, we develop a new model that considers both interconnection expansion planning under uncertainty and cross-border cost allocation based on portfolios of real options and Nash-Coase bargaining. The model is illustrated using Iberian transmission and market data.

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Jacobs, Juan. "What contributions can housing co-operatives make to managing the South African housing crisis?" Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6778.

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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis sets out to explore housing co-operatives as an alternative housing delivery mechanism in South Africa. This is done by critically examining the housing policy post 1994, as well as the various mechanisms government implemented in an attempt to manage the service delivery within the housing sector. The thesis also explores the role that co-operatives played in South Africa’s history and draws some historical comparisons in relation to the establishment of housing co-operatives internationally and locally. In exploring the various types of housing co-operatives, insights emerge about their structure, potential and limitations. The thesis examines the themes of public service delivery and explores possible alternatives to the failing traditional model of public service delivery. The thesis focuses on the experiences and perceptions that South Africans have with regards to local government process in housing service delivery. The thesis concludes that local government should play an active role in creating more collaborative partnerships; one that focuses on training and facilitating the efforts of civil society to establish entities such as housing cooperatives. This requires a fundamental shift in the manner in which local government approaches service delivery in the housing sector.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis het ten doel behuisings kooperatiewe te verken as ’n alternatiewe behuisingsmeganisme in Suid-Afrika. Dit is gedoen deur n kritiese ondersoek van die behuisingsbeleid na 1994, sowel as die verskeie meganismes wat die regering probeer implementeer het in ’n poging om die dienslewering binne die behuisingsektor te beheer. Die tesis ondersoek die rol wat koöperatiewe gespeel het in Suid-Afrika se geskiedenis en het ’n historiese vergelyking gemaak met betrekking tot die stigting van behuisingskoöperatiewe op internasionale sowel as op plaaslike vlak. In die tesis van die verskillende tiepe behuising koöperasies het sekere ideas na vore gekom ten opsigte van hul struktuur, potensiaal en beperkinge. Die tesis ondersoek die temas van publieke dienslewering en het ook na die alternatiewe gekyk ten opsigte van publieke dienslewering. Die tesis fokus op die ervarings en persepsies van Suid- Afrikaners met betrekking tot die plaaslike regering se proses van behuisings dienslewering. Die tesis word afgesluit met voorstelle waarin plaaslike regering 'n aktiewe rol speel in die skepping van meer samewerkende vennootskappe, een wat fokus op die opleiding en die fasilitering waarin pogings van die burgerlike samelewing entiteite tot stand bring soos byvoorbeeld behuising koöperasies. Dit vereis ’n fundamentele verandering in die wyse waarop plaaslike regering dienslewering benader in die behuisingsektor.

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Ferreira, Antonio Carlos Alves Pereira da Cunha. "Essays on transport planning theory contributions to the development of a theoretical framework for transport planners and their educators." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.526850.

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Mereish, Ethan H. "An instrument development study of men's planning for career and family contributions of parental attachment and gender role conflict /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8196.

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Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Counseling and Personnel Services. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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Miranda, La Hera Pedro Xavier. "Contributions to Motion Planning and Orbital Stabilization : Case studies: Furuta Pendulum swing up, Inertia Wheel oscillations and Biped Robot walking." Licentiate thesis, Umeå : Umepå universitet, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1874.

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Hoock, Jean-Baptiste. "Contributions to Simulation-based High-dimensional Sequential Decision Making." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00912338.

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My thesis is entitled "Contributions to Simulation-based High-dimensional Sequential Decision Making". The context of the thesis is about games, planning and Markov Decision Processes. An agent interacts with its environment by successively making decisions. The agent starts from an initial state until a final state in which the agent can not make decision anymore. At each timestep, the agent receives an observation of the state of the environment. From this observation and its knowledge, the agent makes a decision which modifies the state of the environment. Then, the agent receives a reward and a new observation. The goal is to maximize the sum of rewards obtained during a simulation from an initial state to a final state. The policy of the agent is the function which, from the history of observations, returns a decision. We work in a context where (i) the number of states is huge, (ii) reward carries little information, (iii) the probability to reach quickly a good final state is weak and (iv) prior knowledge is either nonexistent or hardly exploitable. Both applications described in this thesis present these constraints : the game of Go and a 3D simulator of the european project MASH (Massive Sets of Heuristics). In order to take a satisfying decision in this context, several solutions are brought : 1. Simulating with the compromise exploration/exploitation (MCTS) 2. Reducing the complexity by local solving (GoldenEye) 3. Building a policy which improves itself (RBGP) 4. Learning prior knowledge (CluVo+GMCTS) Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is the state of the art for the game of Go. From a model of the environment, MCTS builds incrementally and asymetrically a tree of possible futures by performing Monte-Carlo simulations. The tree starts from the current observation of the agent. The agent switches between the exploration of the model and the exploitation of decisions which statistically give a good cumulative reward. We discuss 2 ways for improving MCTS : the parallelization and the addition of prior knowledge. The parallelization does not solve some weaknesses of MCTS; in particular some local problems remain challenges. We propose an algorithm (GoldenEye) which is composed of 2 parts : detection of a local problem and then its resolution. The algorithm of resolution reuses some concepts of MCTS and it solves difficult problems of a classical database. The addition of prior knowledge by hand is laborious and boring. We propose a method called Racing-based Genetic Programming (RBGP) in order to add automatically prior knowledge. The strong point is that RBGP rigorously validates the addition of a prior knowledge and RBGP can be used for building a policy (instead of only optimizing an algorithm). In some applications such as MASH, simulations are too expensive in time and there is no prior knowledge and no model of the environment; therefore Monte-Carlo Tree Search can not be used. So that MCTS becomes usable in this context, we propose a method for learning prior knowledge (CluVo). Then we use pieces of prior knowledge for improving the rapidity of learning of the agent and for building a model, too. We use from this model an adapted version of Monte-Carlo Tree Search (GMCTS). This method solves difficult problems of MASH and gives good results in an application to a word game.

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Sahinkayasi, Hamide. "Contributions And Challenges Of Cognitive Tools And Microteaching For Preservice Teachers&#039." Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12610597/index.pdf.

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This study aimed to investigate the potentials of two cognitive tools for instructional planning (Instructional Planning Self-reflective Tool, IPSRT, and Constructivist Planning Self-reflective Tool, CPSRT) and microteaching in gaining instructional planning and teaching skills for preservice teachers. The participants were 51 fourth year students in Computer Education and Instructional Technology program. The study is an action research with three main foci. The first focus of this study aimed at investigating contributions and challenges involved in the use of the cognitive tools for instructional planning with tutoring from the instructor. More specifically, to what extent the preservice teachers followed these tools during this process, the effects of these tools on preservice teachers&rsquo
self-efficacy, the perceived instrumentality regarding instructional planning, and the perceived contributions and challenges presented by these tools were focused. Both tools were introduced to the two sections, in different orders within four weeks. The data for this focus were collected by means of questionnaires, interviews and documents (lesson plans). This focus revealed that
expect for writing objectives, the participants could make instructional plans according to the IPSRT. They could also follow the CPSRT to design the instructional goal, required characteristics of learning activities and the assessment. Both tools were found to significantly increase their initial self-efficacy beliefs. They found CPSRT more flexible, while IPSRT easier and more helpful. This focus indicated that IPSRT and CPSRT can be used as supportive tools in preservice teachers&rsquo
gaining instructional planning skills. If both tools were used, it would be better to introduce IPSRT at first and then CPSRT. The second focus of this study was to explore the contributions and challenges of microteaching activities regarding preservice teachers&rsquo
instructional planning and teaching skills. The microteaching activities took eight weeks. Throughout this phase, each student planned a 20-minute microteaching with tutoring from the instructor and performed it in the classroom. The performers were formatively evaluated through a microteaching assessment form by the instructor, the teaching assistants and some preservice teachers. Then the performers made a self-reflection assignment about their microteaching performance, considering those evaluations. In the following semester, 15 participants&rsquo
perceptions about the contributions and challenges posed by microteaching activities for their instructional planning and teaching skills were obtained through interviews. More specifically, their perceptions about the microteaching planning process with tutoring, performing microteaching, formatively assessing peers&rsquo
microteaching performances, being assessed by peers, and doing self-reflection assignment were analyzed. This focus revealed that although preservice teachers perceive microteaching activities as valuable experiences, microteaching would be more beneficial if the pupils were real ones, not their class-mates. The third focus was to investigate the effects of the cognitive tools and microteaching activities on preservice teachers&rsquo
lesson planning and teaching skills in their field teaching. For this aim, 12 participants&rsquo
field teaching lesson plans and their performance assessments were analyzed. It was found that many of them preferred using the Microteaching Planning Guide and they had no difficulty in their lesson planning. As to field teaching performance, the analyses of the assessment forms showed that a majority of them performed successfully. Besides, most of them were observed not to have anxiety during field teaching. This focus showed that these cognitive tools and microteaching activities could improve preservice teachers&rsquo
self-confidence in lesson planning and teaching skills in real class environment. Considering to meeting the need for better qualified teachers, this study promised that applying these cognitive tools and microteaching model in schools of teacher education is likely to contribute to the instructional planning and teaching skills of preservice computer teachers. This study also offers suggestive implications for how to improve teaching methods courses with the two cognitive tools and microteaching, as well.

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Habtemichael, Faniel Sahle. "Anti-corruption strategies in the South African public sector : perspectives on the contributions of complexity thinking and ICTs." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1397.

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Thesis (PhD (School of Public Management and Planning ))—University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
Among the multitude of problems that contemporary South Africa is faced with, is corruption. Corruption in contemporary South Africa has spread to a systemic level, as evidenced through national and international research, official government statements, and the media. The leakage of billions of Rand from government coffers to greedy individuals is alarming. Allegations of corruption are increasingly implicating top government and party officials. Some of government payrolls are invaded by ghost workers; government accounts are charged by over- and under-invoicing, phantom billing and ghost beneficiaries. Resources are diverted and leaked in the process of supply chain activities. Against these, ICTs are not well placed, despite their capabilities to counter administrative corruption. The dissertation focuses on exploring the answers to the following questions in the South African public sector. i. What is corruption and why is it still increasing, despite the availability of ICTs that can effectively assist in tracking and tracing irregularities in the financial system? ii. How sufficiently and effectively are ICTs designed to minimise susceptibility to corruption in financial transactions, HR issues, and the activities (elements) of the supply chain? iii. How cohesive and integrated are the sub-systems and systems in the anticorruption industry (organisationally, nationally and internationally) in order to close the loopholes for corruption? iv. Is there a nationally centralised database system that is used as a frame of reference in administrative decision making? v. What general problems are there in the anti-corruption system? 6 In the effort to move from the conceptual to the empirical level, these problems provide the main stimulus for exploring the status and role of information technologies in the anti-corruption system.

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Penin, Bryan. "Contributions to optimal and reactive vision-based trajectory generation for a quadrotor UAV." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S101/document.

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La vision représente un des plus importants signaux en robotique. Une caméra monoculaire peut fournir de riches informations visuelles à une fréquence raisonnable pouvant être utilisées pour la commande, l’estimation d’état ou la navigation dans des environnements inconnus par exemple. Il est cependant nécessaire de respecter des contraintes visuelles spécifiques telles que la visibilité de mesures images et les occultations durant le mouvement afin de garder certaines cibles visuelles dans le champ de vision. Les quadrirotors sont dotés de capacités de mouvement très réactives du fait de leur structure compacte et de la configuration des moteurs. De plus, la vision par une caméra embarquée (fixe) va subir des rotations dues au sous-actionnement du système. Dans cette thèsenous voulons bénéficier de l’agilité du quadrirotor pour réaliser plusieurs tâches de navigation basées vision. Nous supposons que l’estimation d’état repose uniquement sur la fusion capteurs d’une centrale inertielle (IMU) et d’une caméra monoculaire qui fournit des estimations de pose précises. Les contraintes visuelles sont donc critiques et difficiles dans un tel contexte. Dans cette thèse nous exploitons l’optimisation numérique pour générer des trajectoires faisables satisfaisant un certain nombre de contraintes d’état, d’entrées et visuelles non linéaires. A l’aide la platitude différentielle et de la paramétrisation par des B-splines nous proposons une stratégie de replanification performante inspirée de la commande prédictive pour générer des trajectoires lisses et agiles. Enfin, nous présentons un algorithme de planification en temps minimum qui supporte des pertes de visibilité intermittentes afin de naviguer dans des environnements encombrés plus vastes. Cette contribution porte l’incertitude de l’estimation d’état au niveau de la planification pour produire des trajectoires robustes et sûres. Les développements théoriques discutés dans cette thèse sont corroborés par des simulations et expériences en utilisant un quadrirotor. Les résultats reportés montrent l’efficacité des techniques proposées
Vision constitutes one of the most important cues in robotics. A single monocular camera can provide rich visual information at a reasonable rate that can be used as a feedback for control, state estimation of mobile robots or safe navigation in unknown environments for instance. However, it is necessary to satisfy particular visual constraints on the image such as visibility and occlusion constraints during motion to keep some visual targets visible. Quadrotors are endowed with very reactive motion capabilities due to their compact structure and motor configuration. Moreover, vision from a (fixed) on-board camera will suffer from rotation motions due to the system underactuation. In this thesis, we want to benefit from the system aggressiveness to perform several vision-based navigation tasks. We assume state estimation relies solely on sensor fusion of an onboard inertial measurement unit (IMU) and a monocular camera that provides reliable pose estimates. Therefore, visual constraints are challenging and critical in this context. In this thesis we exploit numerical optimization to design feasible trajectories satisfying several state, input and visual nonlinear constraints. With the help of differential flatness and B-spline parametrization we will propose an efficient replanning strategy inspired form Model Predictive Control to generate smooth and agile trajectories. Finally, we propose a minimum-time planning algorithm that handles intermittent visibility losses in order to navigate in larger cluttered environments. This contribution brings state estimation uncertainty at the planning stage to produce robust and safe trajectories. All the theoretical developments discussed in this thesis are corroborated by simulations and experiments run by using a quadrotor UAV. The reported results show the effectiveness of proposed techniques

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Ogier, Maxime. "Contributions à la chaine logistique numérique : conception de circuits courts et planification décentralisée." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00981923.

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Le concept de chaîne logistique numérique regroupe l'ensemble des modèles, méthodes et outils qui permettent de planifier les décisions sur des prototypes numériques de chaîne logistique. Dans ce travail de thèse, nous proposons deux contributions à la chaîne logistique numérique. Nos résultats se destinent en particulier aux réseaux de Petites et Moyennes Entreprises/Industries. D'une part, nous étudions deux nouveaux problèmes liés à la conception de réseaux logistiques en circuits courts et de proximité pour les produits agricoles frais. Pour chacun d'eux nous proposons une formulation en Programme Linéaire à Variables Mixtes. De plus des méthodes de résolution fondées sur des décompositions du modèle nous permettent de résoudre des instances de grande taille. Pour chaque problème, cette approche est mise en œuvre sur une étude de cas menée avec plusieurs collectivités territoriales. D'autre part, nous étudions le problème de planification tactique des activités de production, de transport et de stockage. Contrairement aux approches classiques centralisées, nous considérons que les décisions des différents acteurs sont prises de manière décentralisée. Nous étudions la manière de décomposer les décisions entre les acteurs ainsi que leurs comportements individuels. Nous analysons aussi des protocoles de concertation basés sur un échange limité d'informations. Afin de répondre à la double complexité du problème, nous proposons un outil innovant qui couple une simulation à base de multi-agents à des approches d'optimisation par programmation mathématique.

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Renault, Jean-Baptiste. "Contributions mécaniques et numériques pour le développement de modèles individualisés os/implant : application à l'optimisation de l'arthroplastie totale du genou." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0636.

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La gonarthrose est une maladie handicapante qui touche l’ensemble des structures articulaires du genou. Elle est favorisée par un défaut d’alignement du genou sur l’axe mécanique du membre inférieur, ce défaut cause un déséquilibre de la répartition des charges entre la partie médiale et la partie latérale de l’articulation. Lorsque la gonarthrose est trop avancée, une opération chirurgicale, l’arthroplastie totale de genou (ATG), permet le remplacement de l’articulation native par une prothèse totale de genou (PTG). Il n’y a pas de consensus clinique sur le meilleur positionnement des implants de la PTG, les principales causes d’échecs sont le descellement aseptique de l’implant tibial et les douleurs inexpliquées. Ces causes s'expliquent en partie par la perturbation du chargement mécanique de l’os induite par l’implantation d’une prothèse. Ce travail propose une méthode pour déterminer un positionnement des implants spécifique au patient pour limiter ces risques d’échec. Des méthodes automatiques, opérateur-indépendantes, d’association de repères anatomiques aux os du genou ont été développées et évaluées, elles permettent une implantation virtuelle automatique des implants. Nous avons montré que le défaut d’alignement conditionne les propriétés micromécaniques et micro-architecturales de l’os situé sous l’implant. Des modèles éléments-finis patients spécifiques ont été automatiquement construis. Pour chaque patient plusieurs stratégies chirurgicales de positionnement des implants ont été simulées et ont montré que le positionnement et les propriétés mécaniques de l’os trabéculaire influencent les phénomènes à l’origine d’une partie des échecs de PTG
Gonarthrosis is a widespread disabling disease which affects all joint structures of the knee. It is worsened by a non-alignment of the knee on the mechanical axis of the lower limb, this malalignment causes an imbalance in the distribution of loads between the medial and lateral part of the joint. When the gonarthrosis is too advanced, Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA), allows the replacement of the native joint with a Total Knee Replacement (TKR) prosthesis. There is no clinical consensus on the best positioning of TKR implants, the main causes of failure are aseptic loosening of the tibial implant and unexplained pain. These causes are partly explained by the disruption of the mechanical loading of the bone induced by the implantation of a prosthesis. This work proposes a method to determine a patient-specific implant positioning to limit these risks of failure. During this thesis, operator-independent methods were developed and evaluated to automatically construct anatomical coordinate system on the knee bones, allowing automatic and parametric virtual implantation of implants. Using microindentation and µ-CT imaging, we showed that malalignment affects the micromechanical and micro-architectural properties of the bone under the implant. Patient-specific finite-element models were automatically built. For each patient, several surgical strategies for implant positioning were simulated. These simulations have shown that the positioning and mechanicals properties of trabecular bone influence the phenomena which cause a large part of TKR failure. The work carried out led to a numerical and mechanical method for optimizing the positioning of each patient's tibial implant

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McFalls, Ricarda. "Testing the limits of inclusive capitalism : a case study of the South Africa HP i-community." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. https://etd.sun.ac.za/jspui/handle/10019/680.

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Abreu, Loyde Vieira de. "Contribuições das árvores para o bioclima térmico no desenho urbano em cidades tropicais = o caso de Campinas, SP = Contributions of trees for thermal bioclimate in the urban design in tropical cities: the case of Campinas, SP." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258632.

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Orientador: Lucila Chebel labaki
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T16:03:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Abreu_LoydeVieirade_D.pdf: 6116266 bytes, checksum: bd21f7f962440ed06e510e1d55c92ea8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: O sombreamento por arvores pode melhorar o bioclima termico em cidades tropicais como Campinas, SP. As arvores se comportam de maneiras distintas no microclima urbano porem existem poucos estudos sobre a quantificacao dos beneficios trazidos pelas diferentes especies arboreas e sua disposicao no ambiente construido. O objetivo desta pesquisa e quantificar a contribuicao de individuos arboreos e agrupamentos para a melhoria dos microclimas urbanos e do ambiente construido a partir da caracterizacao do bioclima termico local, estudos dos efeitos dos canios urbanos e avaliacao da escala de influencia da vegetacao, bem como diretrizes de projeto urbano e arquitetonico para clima tropical de altitude. Foram analisadas as especies Ipe Amarelo (Tabebuia chrysotricha (Mart. ex DC.) Stand.), Jacaranda mimoso (Jacaranda mimosaefolia D. Don.), Jambolao (Syzygium cumini L.), Mangueira (Mangifera indica L.), Pinheiro (Pinus palustris L.) e Pinheiro (Pinus coulteri L.) - isoladas, Mirindiba Bagre (Lafoensia glyptocarpa L.), Sibipiruna (Caesalpinia pluviosa F.), Espatodea (Spathodea campanulata P.Beauv.), Tipuana (Tipuana tipu F.) - isoladas e agrupadas -, Flamboyant (Delonix indica F.) e tambem, Chuva de Ouro (Senna siamea L.) - agrupadas. Foram utilizados dados meteorologicos - temperatura do ar, umidade relativa, velocidade do vento e radiacao solar - da estacao meteorologica urbana do Instituto Agronomico de Campinas (IAC) no periodo de 2003 a 2010 e dados coletados "in loco" no periodo de 2007 a 2010. Para as analises climaticas para a cidade de Campinas e simulacao da variacao de sombra, aproveitamento do vento e canions urbanos, foram calculados Temperatura Fisiologicamente Equivalente (PET) e Temperatura Media Radiante (Tmrt). Para quantificar a escala de influencia da vegetacao no microclima, analises da atenuacao da Radiacao Solar, Taxa de Cobertura Verde, Indice da Area da Planta (PAI), PET e Tmrt foram realizadas. Concluiu-se que a promocao de sombra e aproveitamento do vento bem como o manejo de arvores para o sombreamento de calcadas e edificios, sao estrategias a serem consideradas no projeto urbano e arquitetonico que visa melhorar o conforto termico das cidades. Observou-se que a especie Sibipiruna (Caesalpinia pluviosa F.) possui o melhor comportamento no microclima devido as caracteristicas relacionadas a especie, tais como Cobertura Verde e PAI e tambem aquelas relacionadas ao ambiente como disposicao no espaco. Um clima confortavel leva ao ambiente interno confortavel particularmente em edificios e, consequentemente, a eficiencia energetica. Proporcionar condicoes adequadas de conforto termico ao ar livre e um passo importante para alcancar a sustentabilidade em espacos urbanos. A consciencia destas questoes e importante para arquitetos, planejadores e urbanistas, nao apenas por orientar as possiveis solucoes, mas tambem para enriquecer as possibilidades de projeto
Abstract: Shade trees can improve the thermal bioclimate in tropical cities such as Campinas, SP. Trees behave in different ways in urban microclimate, but there is a lack of research in terms of benefits brought by different species and disposition in building environment. The aim of this research is quantify the contribution by different species and their disposition to improve urban microclimate and urban environment, based on characterization of thermal bioclimate of Campinas, quantification of the urban climate changes causes by street canyons and evaluation of influence scale of vegetation on microclimate, as well as definition of urban guidelines for urban and architectural planning focused in Tropical climates. Twelve species and clusters were analyzed: Ipe Amarelo (Tabebuia chrysotricha (Mart. ex DC.) Stand.), Jacaranda (Jacaranda mimosaefolia D. Don.), Jambolao (Syzygium cumini L.), Mangueira (Mangifera indica L.), Pinheiro(Pinus palustris L.) and Pinheiro (Pinus coulteri L.) - isolated; Mirindiba bagre (Lafoensia glyptocarpa L.), Sibipiruna (Caesalpinia pluviosa F.) , Espatodea (Spathodea campanulata P.Beauv.), Tipuana (Tipuana tipu F.) - isolated and clusters -, Flamboyant (Delonix indica F.) and Chuva de Ouro (Senna siamea L.) - clusters. The meteorological data: air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and solar radiation for the period 2003 to 2010 and environmental parameters collected "in loco": solar radiation, air and globe temperatures, relative humidity and wind speed, at different distances from the tree trunk (2.5 m, 10m, 25m, 50m) were required. To describe the background climate of Campinas and simulations climate modifications and street canyons, Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) and Mean Radiant Temperature (Tmrt) was done by using Rayman Pro model. To quantify the scale of vegetation influence on urban microclimate, the indexes as Green Coverage Ratio (GCR), Plant Area Index (PAI) and Solar Radiation Attenuated Index (SRAI) was calculated, as well as PET and Tmrt. The results show not only that solar radiation and wind speed can influence air temperature, but also thermal comfort and heat stress as well. The street orientation east-west can improve the thermal climate, and for the others cases it is recommend urban forestry for shading sidewalk and buildings. The species Sibipiruna (Caesalpinia pluviosa F.) presents the best behavior in both seasons, winter and summer, in terms of thermal comfort due to tree features and disposition. The improvement of outdoor thermal comfort is an important step in order to achieve sustainability of urban spaces and configurations. The results can be valuable for architects, planners and urban designers, not only by indicating possible solutions, but mainly by enriching the design possibilities
Doutorado
Arquitetura, Tecnologia e Cidade
Doutor em Arquitetura, Tecnologia e Cidade

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Atfaye, Haile. "Poverty alleviation through community development : the case of PRO PRIDE-Ethiopia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52408.

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Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Misunderstanding of poverty and lack of sound poverty alleviating strategy, among others, are problems of some of the few NGOs existing in Ethiopia. There is a problem of understanding their roles in relation to the State and other stakeholders. The principles they apply in their intervention are other problems. These are the issues that were researched in the PRO PRIDE case study. The legitimacy of PRO PRIDE as a poverty-alleviating programme in view of global and Ethiopian poverty and the consequent policy focuses is justified. The principles of PRO PRIDE - community participation, gender equity, intersectoral collaboration, appropriate technology, focus on prevention, participatory management, cost effectiveness and sustainability of programmes - are sound principles. Reviewing the practices of PRO PRIDE as guided by the aforementioned principles it is understood that the community development principles - human orientation, public participation, empowerment, ownership, release, social learning, adaptiveness and simplicity - are commendably achieved. PRO PRIDE well dealt with understanding poverty and its interwoven nature. Issues such as the deprivation trap that the poor are entangled in; the general explanation of poverty that are given by different authors; vicious cycles of poverty and social, economic and political causes of poverty which are operating at local, national and international levels; and the rural-urban dynamics that work in exacerbating the urban poverty are covered in its socio-economic study. The study of the programme areas shows that they depict a dismal picture as a result of the operation of these poverty dynamics. Regarding the integrated rural-urban poverty alleviation strategy, the State has made favourable policies and itself dwelled on rural poverty due to lack of financial capacity to cover both rural and urban areas. The State's rural focus is accepted to impact on the urban poverty through changing the migration pattern. PRO PRIDE is operating in the urban setting to connect the nexus - the rural-urban strategy. PRO PRIDE is operating with an integrated urban development strategy encompassing income generation, basic education, primary health care, HIV IAIDS prevention and control and environmental sanitation. Through integrating these areas of intervention PRO PRIDE is improving the quality of life, promoting sustainable urban economic growth, creating income and employment generating opportunities, giving people access to resources and opportunities, improving the distribution of income and welfare, and applying sound developmental principles. The functioning of PRO PRIDE is proven to be in a well compliance with the requirement for organisations alike. It is functioning in collaboration and participation with the popular sector - the people themselves and their community leaders. It operates with the agreement of the State bodies such as FRDCB and with other line bureaus such as Health, Education, Environmental Development, and Labour and Social Affairs. It collaborates with donors the major being ActionAid - Ethiopia (AAE). Internal components of PRO PRIDE such as the Board and the staff as well as its organisational development influence its operation. All the programmes and the projects are managed through PRO PRIDE's interaction with its internal and external stakeho lders. PRO PRIDE as an agent of development has played as a catalyst to initiate development, focused on empowerment and using the people's latent potential, materialised capacity building and facilitation. These are basically the requirements that the current NGOs should fulfill, which PRO PRIDE commendably did. The study has indicated that although PRO PRIDE is an organisation of overall success, there are some areas of future focus both by the State and PRO PRIDE. Recommendations are made as to what both parties should do in their future focuses.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Wanopvattings oor armoede en die gebrek aan gesonde strategieë vir die verligting van armoede, onder andere, is swakhede van sommige van die paar bestaande NGO's in Ethiopië. Verder ondervind hulle ook probleme om hulle rol met betrekking tot die Staat en ander deelhouers te verstaan; ook die beginsels wat hulle by intervensie beoefen, is problematies. Hierdie is die kwessies wat deur die PRO PRIDE gevallestudie ondersoek word. Die legitimiteit van PRO PRIDE as 'n armoede-verligtende program, gesien in die lig van die globale en Ethiopiese armoede en die voortspruitende beleidsfokusse, word geregverdig. Die beginsels van PRO PRIDE - gemeenskapsdeelname, geslagsgelykheid, intersektorale samewerking, geskikte tegnologie, fokus op voorkoming, deelnemende bestuur, koste-effektiwiteit en die volhoubaarheid van programme - is gesonde beginsels. Oorweging van die praktyke van PRO PRIDE aan die hand van voorgenoemde beginsels toon dat die beginsels van gemeenskapsontwikkeling - menslike oriëntasie, openbare deelname, bemagtiging, eienaarskap, bevryding, sosiale leer, aanpasbaarheid en eenvoudigheid - noemenswaardig verwesenlik is. PRO PRIDE het goed daarin geslaag om armoede en die verweefde aard daarvan te verstaan. Kwessies soos die ontberingsvalstrik waarin die armes vasgevang is; die algemene verklarings vir armoede deur verskillende skrywers; die bose kringloop van armoede en die sosiale, ekonomiese en politieke oorsake van armoede, aangetref op plaaslike, nasionale en internasionale vlakke; asook die landelik-stedelike dinamika wat meewerk tot die verergering van stedelike armoede word gedek in die sosio-ekonomiese studie. Die bestudering van die programareas verbeeld 'n droewige prentjie te wyte aan die operering van hierdie armoede- dinamiek. Betreffende die geïntegreerde landelik-stedelike armoede-verligtingstrategie, het die Staat gunstige beleide gemaak en oorheersend gefokus op landelike armoede vanweë 'n gebrek aan finansiële kapasiteit vir die aanspreking van die probleem in beide landelike en stedelike gebiede. Die Staat se landelike fokus is aanneemlik gevind vir die impak wat dit op stedelike armoede kon hê deur verandering van die migrasiepatroon. PRO PRIDE opereer vanuit 'n stedelike omgewing om die verbinding, landelik-stedelike strategie, te bewerkstellig. Dit opereer binne 'n geïntegreerde stedelike ontwikkelingstrategie behelsende inkomstegenerering, basiese opvoeding, primêre gesondheidsorg, VIGS-voorkoming en -beheer, asook omgewingsanitasie. Deur integrering van hierdie tussenkomsgebiede verbeter PRO PRIDE lewenskwaliteit, bevorder dit volhoubare stedelike ekonomiese groei, genereer dit inkomste- en indiensnemingsgeleenthede, maak dit hulpbronne en geleenthede toeganklik vir mense, verbeter dit die distribusie van inkomste en welvaart en pas dit gesonde ontwikkelingsbeginsels toe. Die funksionering van PRO PRIDE is bewys te voldoen aan die vereistes gestel vir ooreenstemmende organisasies. Dit funksioneer met die samewerking en deelname van die volksektor - die mense en hulle gemeenskapsleiers. Dit opereer met die instemming van Staatsorgane soos FRDCB en ander lynstaatsinstansies soos dié van Gesondheid, Opvoeding, Omgewingsontwikkeling en Arbeid en Sosiale Aangeleenthede. PRO PRIDE werk ook saam met donateurs van wie die vernaamste ActionAid-Ethiopië (AAE) is. Interne komponente soos die Raad en personeel, asook die organisatoriese ontwikkeling van PRO PRIDE beïnvloed die operering daarvan. Alle programme en projekte word bestuur deur PRO PRIDE se interaksie met sy interne en eksterne deelhouers. PRO PRIDE as 'n ontwikkelingsagent het as 'n katalisator opgetree om ontwikkeling te inisieer, het gefokus op bemagtiging en gebruik van die mense se latente potensiaal en het kapasiteitsbou en fasilitering bewerkstellig. Hierdie basiese vereistes waaraan NGO's behoort te voldoen is noemenswaardig deur PRO PRIDE gerealiseer. Die studie het getoon dat hoewel PRO PRIDE in die geheel geslaag het as organisasie, daar tog sommige gebiede is wat toekomstige aandag van beide die Staat en PRO PRIDE verdien. Aanbevelings word gemaak oor wat beide partye in hul toekomstige fokus behoort te onderneem.

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Hirschbeck, Lisa. "Encouraging individual retirement savings in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017535.

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Many South Africans may not have adequate retirement savings when they retire and this has the effect of a low income replacement ratio on retirement that may lead to a decrease in the standard of living of the retiree and in extreme cases the retiree becoming dependent on their family and the government. Owing to this trend of no or inadequate retirement savings, South Africa embarked on a retirement reform journey in 2004. The goal of this research is to determine whether the retirement reform mechanisms outlined by National Treasury would encourage individual retirement savings that should assist South Africans to achieve stability of income in their retirement. This research analysed the current retirement savings options and vehicles available for South Africans, the current tax incentives and disincentives and reviewed the proposed changes to tax incentives and disincentives during the accumulation phase of retirement savings and explained how these proposed tax incentives are harmonised for the accumulation phase of retirement. The research explained how National Treasury aims to limit pre-retirement withdrawals and how it intends to encourage the annuitisation of post-retirement benefits. The penultimate chapter of this research measured the effect (by making certain assumptions) of the changes proposed by National Treasury on the income replacement ratio of the retiree. Throughout the research comparisons were made between The OECD Roadmap for the good design of defined contribution pension plans and National Treasury’s proposals. This research did not directly address the effect of increased life expectancies on retirement savings or increases in youth unemployment and the effect that this may have on retirement savings. The effect of financial charges levied on retirement savings on the income replacement ratio of a retiree was also not explored. Furthermore, not all pension funds are regulated by the Pension Funds Act and how these pension funds can be brought within the purview of the Pension Funds Act was not investigated. Automatic enrolment of retirement savings for all employees in South Africa in retirement vehicles is a further research area that could be addressed.

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31

Renoux, Jennifer. "Contribution to multiagent planning for active information gathering." Caen, 2015. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01206920.

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Dans cette thèse, nous considérons le problème de l'exploration d'événements. Nous définissons l'exploration d'événements comme le processus d'explorer un environnement topologiquement connu dans le but de récolter de l'information à propos d'événements dans environnement. Les systèmes multiagents sont habituellement utilisés dans les applications de collecte d'informations, mais posent certains problèmes tels que la coordination des agents et la communication. Notre travail propose un modèle décentralisé de planification multiagents pour la collecte d'informations. Dans ce modèle les agents utilisent un état de croyance étendu qui contient leurs propres croyances sur l'environnement, mais également des approximations des croyances des autres agents du système. Cet état de croyance étendu est utilisé pour quantifier la pertinence d'une information, pour eux ou pour un autre agent. Ils peuvent ainsi décider d'explorer l'environnement ou de communiquer une information, en fonction de l'action qui apporte de plus au système dans sa globalité. L'inconvénient majeur de ce modèle est sa complexité. En effet, la taille de l'espace des états de croyances augmente exponentiellement avec le nombre d'agents et la taille de l'environnement. Nous proposons un algorithme de résolution utilisant l'hypothèse couramment adoptée de l'indépendance des variables. Enfin, nous considérons le fait que lors de l'exploration d'événements, les agents doivent réévaluer leurs croyances régulièrement. Pour résoudre ce problème, nous proposons une fonction de lissage permettant aux agents d'oublier régulièrement les informations trop vieilles et pouvant être obsolètes
In this thesis, we address the problem of performing event exploration. We define event exploration as the process of exploring a topologically known environment to gather information about dynamic events in this environment. Multiagent systems are commonly used for information gathering applications, but bring important challenges such as coordination and communication. This thesis proposes a new fully decentralized model of multiagent planning for information gathering. In this model, called MAPING, the agents use an extended belief state that contains not only their own beliefs but also approximations of other agents' beliefs. With this extended belief state they are able to quantify the relevance of a piece of information for themselves but also for others. They can then decide to explore a specific area or to communicate a specific piece of information according to the action that brings the most information to the system in its totality. The major drawback of this model is its complexity: the size of the belief states space increases exponentially with the number of agents and the size of the environment. To overcome this issue, we also suggest a solving algorithm that uses the well-known adopted assumption of variable independence. Finally we consider the fact that event exploration is usually an open-ended problem. Therefore the agents need to check again their beliefs even after they reached a good belief state. We suggest a smoothing function that enables the agents to forget gradually old observations that can be obsolete

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32

Kharlamov, Alexander A. "Exploring the contribution of individual differences and planning policy parameters to demand planning performance." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/90832/.

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Demand planning (DP) is important for business performance. DP depends both on managers and on supporting systems. Managers are known to increase uncertainty by systematically overriding the systems and making unnecessary judgemental adjustments. This is a behavioural problem. Systems are assumed to be represented by different policies and individual differences by measurable traits and characteristics. The contribution of individual differences and policy parameters to DP performance is not clear. A framework is proposed based on the cumulative prospect theory (CPT) and myopic loss aversion (MLA). Methodology of decision making experiment based on the newsvendor is used. Individual differences are collected using previously validated psychometric scales and demographic questions. The sample (N=339) includes three main groups: professional planners (N=84), naïve students (N=166), logistics and supply chain management (L&SCM) students (N=56). The MLA hypothesis is supported. Longer planning horizons (less frequent decisions) outperforms short planning horizons. Regarding individual differences, only experience/knowledge and naïve interventionism are significant predictors of DP performance. L&SCM students with theoretical knowledge but without practical experience perform the best. No significant difference in performance is found between professional planners and naïve students. Naïve interventionism (plan instability) contributes negatively to DP performance. Personality (Big Five), impulsiveness, propensity to plan, decision-making style or demographics (e.g. age, sex, and years of experience or managerial level) are not significant for DP performance. The view that there is a ‘right’ mind-set (personality) to be a good planner is challenged. DP policy can offset individual differences. A MLA informed policy can reduce uncertainty introduced by behaviour. System restrictiveness (binding policy for long commitment) outperforms decisional guidance (non-binding policy for optional commitment). This is one of the first applications of CPT and MLA to DP decisions.

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33

Van, Huyssteen Elsona. "Being, becoming and contributing in (and through) Planning." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/64368.

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The thesis, Being, becoming and contributing in (and through) Planning, provides an overview and reflection on an innovative narrative-based enquiry into personal and professional work-life experiences of planning practitioners. It is aimed at exploring competency development in planning as a future orientated practice, where practitioners are challenged to contribute in complex and adaptive local and global contexts. The enquiry draws on the fields of planning practice, planning education, sustainability leadership, lifelong learning, as well as professional and career development. The quest metaphor was used to stretch the exploration beyond formal professional education and complicated competency development frameworks and models, towards archetypical patterns, probes and paradoxes in complex and highly relational inner and outer growth experiences. In reflecting on that which seem to enable and impel planning practitioners to contribute in their work-life contexts, the enquiry reveals (and once again reminds us of) the potential value and generative capacity in the nexus between personal and relational practice experience of transformative growth, practice excellence and commitment to the unfolding collective future.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2018.
Town and Regional Planning
PHD
Unrestricted

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34

Srirangan, K. "Land policies in Delhi : their contribution to unauthorised land development." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317649/.

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Government intervention in land markets through public land policies increasingly sought for a more balanced development, better income and wealth distribution, and to satisfy the basic human needs such as housing and essential services in developing countries. Delhi's large-scale land acquisition, development and disposal policy has aimed at orderly growth of planned development, and universal access to housing land through public expropriation, banking, development and delivery. But the policy has been widely criticised for failing to promote planned development and consequently creating large-scale illegal land developments and sales. The present research investigates the impact of Delhi's public land policy on the creation of informal land developments and unauthorised housing in Delhi. The analysis of data gathered from office records and exhaustive structured interviews yield substantial evidence that the large-scale land policy governing the public authority's delivery of land for housing, has indeed been a major contributor to the creation of unauthorised land development and sales. Through interviews with 300 households living on illegally developed land, 106 living on illegally resold (legally developed land), 28 who had illegally resold their plots, and 69 property agents, this study found that the large-scale public land policy has not provided adequate land for housing. The policy's inability to deliver timely and adequate quantities of affordable land in varying parcel sizes, and with flexible lease conditions, was a prime factor in encouraging a large number of households to opt for illegally developed or sold land. The responses of households indicate a substantial number sought illegally to obtain housing land, because the large-scale public land policy failed to offer them legal alternatives that were affordable, adequate in quantity, in the desired time and flexible in their lease conditions. The opportunities to obtain varying sizes of unauthorised plots, at cheaper prices, in the desired time, with flexible payments, and acceptable terms of construction and use have attracted a large number of middle and high income households. Equally, the policy of regularisation of some unauthorised developments has also encouraged investment in additional illegal development. This research also found that the public land policy's failure to deliver the right land to the right person at reasonable prices prompted unauthorised resales of legally developed plots, in effect, downward filtration of high income groups. The higher resale prices that these subsidised plots obtained, and the ability of some households to obtain an allocation of more than one plot encouraged a large number of households to illegally resell plots.

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REIS, TEREZA CRISTINA DO. "THE CONTRIBUTION OF ERGONOMICS IN THE PLANNING OF THE WORKSPACE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2003. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=4299@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Este trabalho tem como tema os processos de concepção de espaços de trabalho. Aborda as dificuldades encontradas pelos profissionais de projeto,principalmente, no que diz respeito à compreensão dos sistemas presentes nas atividades do trabalho, das características físico- cognitivas dos trabalhadores na realização de suas tarefas, da interação do trabalhador com seu ambiente de trabalho, e os problemas que essas dificuldades acarretam no desenvolvimento do projeto e na função do ambiente construído para o trabalho. Tenta, portanto, indicar a insuficiência dos processos metodológicos aplicados no planejamento e definição de espaços produtivos. Tem, também, como objetivo a melhoria da concepção de locais de trabalho, indicando onde a Ergonomia pode contribuir nesse processo.
This project focuses on the workspace planning process. It approaches the difficulties found by professionals, mainly concerning the comprehension of the current systems involved in work activities, the physical and cognitive characteristics of the worker`s tasks development, the interaction between the workers and their working environment, and the problems generated by difficulties in project development and work space function. It intends therefore,to indicate the insufficiency of the methodology applied in the planning and definition of productive spaces. It has also the objective of improving the workspace planning process, indicating where Ergonomics may contribute to the process.

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Gomez, Ramon. "Who Can Retire with a 401(k)? Assessing the Effectiveness of Plans in the Changing Environment Around Retirement Planning in the United States." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1661.

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Over the past three decades, employer-sponsored 401(k) plans have grown in popularity as they have proved to be a valuable benefit employers can provide to employees and tax-deductible expense that employers can easily account for on their books. However, a major concern around these plans is that they have come to take the place of traditional pension plans offered by employers, forcing employees to assume full responsibility for their retirement savings. This paper evaluates the overall effectiveness of 401(k)s at the top 50 companies in the Fortune 100, examining participation rates, account balances, and employer contributions. It concludes that employees that have 401(k)s at these 50 companies fare much better than the average American with regard to retirement savings. Nonetheless, the substitution of traditional pensions with 401(k) plans by companies in the United States is problematic. Employees, which previously could rely on a company pension in retirement, are unintentionally delaying retirement due to a lack of savings. Furthermore, a growing number of workers without retirement savings will certainly put a strain on Social Security funds in the coming decades.

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Chau, Mai-Mai. "The planning and negotiation process : its contribution to Concord Pacific Place." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2281.

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This thesis studies the planning and negotiation process engaged in the conceptualization and initial stages of Vancouver's waterfront urban renewal project Concord Pacific Place at the False Creek North waterfront, Vancouver. Numerous articles have devoted attention to the physical form of this urban renewal development. However current discourse on Concord Pacific Place overlooks the planning and negotiation process, which has been integral to its urban renewal success. It is for this reason that my thesis sets out to study the planning and negotiation process in an effort to offer a new perspective on Concord Pacific. To contextualize the development of Concord Pacific Place over the two decades between 1987 and 2007, this thesis surveys the introduction of high-rises in the city of Vancouver, looking at the city's apartment typology prior to the redevelopment of False Creek North, a brief history of Expo 86 and the planning and negotiation process behind B.C. Place, as well as the planning and negotiation process that has transformed the former Expo land into the master-planned urban neighbourhood at Concord Pacific Place. This thesis also identifies the results of the planning and negotiation process that have contributed to the False Creek North development. The material gathered includes a collection of historical and background information on the transformation of the City of Vancouver in general and in particular the False Creek North site found in published accounts, consultation of the archives of Concord Pacific, and interviews with key players involved with the development of Concord Pacific Place. City planning officials were also consulted on issues pertaining to the basic planning principles of the City of Vancouver as well as the decision-making process involving City planners and developers. This research highlights the importance of the relationship between the City planners and the developer as well as participation from the public throughout the planning and development stages of the Concord Pacific Place development. It points out specific initiatives that were established as a result of this megaproject, the main challenges and limitation encountered with the process. It also identifies lessons learned at the end of the journey.

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Teixidor, Ezpeleta Daniel. "Contribution to laser milling process parameters selection for process planning operations." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/124506.

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Nontraditional manufacturing processes (NTM) appeared to answer the growing demands of market productivity. Needs of higher quality products in less time and new demands such as new exotic work materials, innovative geometric designs as well as much smaller dimensions justify laser processes insight. Laser machining is a NTM which presents several unique advantages in material processing that makes it suitable to solve these demands. However, laser machining is a complex process, because the type of laser, the combination of process parameters, the material and the configuration of the process among other variables, could affect the performance of the process. This thesis focuses on increasing knowledge about the laser milling, establishing relationships between the process parameters and the key process aspects (quality, dimensional accuracy and productivity)
Els processos de mecanitzat no tradicionals van aparèixer per donar resposta a la creixent demana del mercat productiu. A la necessitat de productes d’alta qualitat en el menor temps possible s’hi afegeixen noves demandes com nous materials exòtics, dissenys amb geometries innovadores així com dimensions molt petites. El mecanitzat làser és un procés no tradicional que presenta un seguit d’avantatges únics que el fan adequat per donar solució a aquestes demandes. Tot i això, el mecanitzat làser és un procés complex. El tipus de làser, la combinació dels paràmetres de procés, el material i la configuració, entre d’altres variables, poden afectar l’execució del procés. Aquesta tesi pretén ampliar el coneixement sobre el fresat làser, establint relacions entre els paràmetres de procés i els aspectes rellevants de procés (qualitat, precisió dimensional i productivitat)

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Vázquez, Lepe Elisa. "Contribution to micro-milling process parameters selection for process planning operations." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/145377.

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The development of new products with micro-metric characteristics and complex geometries has been a manufacturing trend in different industrial sectors, particularly for electronic, military, biomedical and aerospace industries. Manufacturing technologies such as electro discharge machining (EDM), laser beam machining (LBM), lithography machining (LM), and ultrasonic machining (USM) are commonly processes used to produce small pieces. Nonetheless, there are economical and technological barriers that reduce their feasibility for specific applications. Since CNC cutting machines and tools can achieve high levels of accuracy, micro-milling (milling downscaled process) represents a suitable technological process to manufacture micro-products. This thesis focuses on increasing knowledge about the micro-milling, establishing relationships between the process parameters as well as machining conditions and the key aspects of the final piece such as accuracy, quality surface finishing and geometrical quality
El desarrollo de nuevos productos con características micro-métricas y geometrías complejas ha sido una tendencia en la manufactura en diferentes sectores industriales, particularmente para la industria electrónica, militar, biomédica y aeroespacial. Las tecnologías de producción como la electroerosión (EDM), mecanizado láser (LBM), mecanizado por litografía (LM) y mecanizado por ultrasonido (USM) son procesos comúnmente usados para producir piezas pequeñas. No obstante, existen barreras económicas y tecnológicas que reducen su factibilidad para aplicaciones específicas. Puesto que las máquinas-herramientas de corte CNC pueden lograr altos niveles de precisión; el micro-fresado (proceso escalado del fresado convencional) representa un proceso tecnológico adecuado para la fabricación de micro-productos. Esta tesis se centra en aumentar el conocimiento sobre el micro-fresado, estableciendo relaciones entre los parámetros del proceso, así como las condiciones de mecanizado y los aspectos clave de la pieza final pieza final como por ejemplo, la precisión, el acabado superficial de calidad y la calidad geométrica

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Partidario, Maria do Rosario. "An environmental assessment and review (EAR) procedure : a contribution to comprehensive land-use planning." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314667.

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Over the past twenty years environmental impact assessment (EIA) has proved to be a useful tool in many countries to evaluate the positive and negative effects of implementing development projects. It also became a key tool to support environmental decision-making. Many lessons can be learned from past experience, including that there could be some advantages in extending the EIA concept to policy and planning levels. In so doing, many difficulties that arise when assessing negative impacts at the project level might be overcome, or at least minimized. Some countries already provide examples of the application of EIA to policy and plans. However, difficulties exist for two key reasons. First when addressing policies and plans, an EIA approach similar to project EIA is being used. Given differences in terms of content and detailed approaches when comparing policies and plans with projects, it is likely that a different form of EIA should be used. Second, it is increasingly recognized that an integration of environmental issues in policy-making and planning processes is required to enable environmentally sound policy and planning decisions to be made. A procedure to assess environmental impacts in the comprehensive land-use planning process, which is also applicable at the policy level, is proposed. In this procedure it is assumed that an integration of environmental issues in the planning process must occur so that a more environmentally sound planning practice occurs. This step is fundamental at this level of action to allow an environmental assessment and review approach to be used in a way that is integrated with the planning process, but which adopts a flexible and adaptive nature, to help achieve more sustainable planning practice. International experience is considered, both in relation to recent legal and procedural advancements and case-study analysis. Two case-studies in Portugal, which address a regional and a municipal plan, and the simulation by the use of an independent experts commission in the environmental assessment and review process are presented before conclusions are drawn.

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Ingrum, Barbara L. "The contribution of consensus building workshops to regional planning in Lake Tahoe." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14981.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1986.
MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH
Bibliography: p. 97-98.
by Barbara L. Ingrum.
M.C.P.

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Forster, Andrew. "The contribution of 'integrated transport studies' to the process of urban planning." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1995. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/776/.

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In the late 1980s and early 1990s a number of British local authorities commissioned consultants to undertake what have often been termed 'Integrated Transport Studies'. These are a variant of comprehensive transport studies which were undertaken in many British cities during the 1960s. Like their predecessors, 'Integrated Transport Studies' seek to provide policy recommendations to meet the objectives of the client(s), typically over a 20 year timeframe. However, advocates of the new style of study say they differ from their predecessors by examining transport policy in its wider urban context, concentrating more on broad strategy than detailed system analysis. This thesis examines how 'Integrated Transport Studies' have been used in urban transport planning. It examines the process by which 'Integrated Transport Studies' are conducted and assesses the influence they have in particular policy settings. In doing so, it looks at how the studies interact with other influences on policy such as organizational and political interests and other sources of knowledge. Birmingham forms the main case study. In 1988 Birmingham City Council became the first local authority in Britain to commission an -'Integrated Transport Study' (known as the Birmingham Integrated Transportation Study (BITS)). The researcher was based in the Council for a year and used a qualitative research design which relied heavily on in-depth interviews with policy-makers. A short piece of analysis then compared the experiences of Birmingham with Leeds where the City Council had commissioned a broadly similar study in 1990. The research concludes that 'Integrated Transport Studies' are rarely instrumental in bringing about new policies or resolving policy controversies. Participants in the policy process do, however, make use of studies in a number of ways including reorientating the way issues are conceptualized, using them in advocacy settings to support their existing views, or providing the basis for client organizations to work together more effectively. The research also identifies a number of issues which influence how useful a study is to clients. They are grouped into three categories concerning the study design, the nature of their recommendations and the organizational context within which they are undertaken.

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Dimitriou, Harry T. "A developmental approach to urban transport planning : the urban transport planning process and its derivatives; an assessment of their contribution to transport planning for Third World cities." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254685.

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Kepoglu, Volkan Osman. "The Contribution Of Geographic Information System To The Urban Planning Process In Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1043066/index.pdf.

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This thesis attempts to show the contribution of Geographic Information System to urban planning process in Turkey. GIS can enhance the planning system by providing an access to accurate, reliable and update geographical information, producing alternatives according to the scenario and ensuring participation in the evaluation of the alternatives. This is the high level contribution of GIS for the enhancement of planning. The contribution can occur
if certain conditions are sustained such as establishment of geographical data provision system among public institutions. Obviously, these are connected with available technical and social infrastructure. Although, there is not a digital infrastructure system among the public institutions, several general directorates have started to provide some geographical information in their works. These efforts should be increased in quality and quantity. From the planning point of view, we argue that these are not even at satisfying level to work with the GIS in the plan-making processes. To prove our argument, the use of GIS and technology in the Bank of Provinces and private planning offices are inquired. The results of the thesis study show that the Bank of Provinces is in the transition period for the use of GIS. Private planning offices are in the initial stage and some of them seem unable to adopt themselves if the plan-making process becomes digital, because of the extra costs for them. Therefore, geographical data provision policies among public planning institutions will determine the future development of GIS in the planning process.

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Soysal, Begum. "The Contribution Of Strategic Spatial Planning To The Establishment Of Democratic Governance Structures." Thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12610301/index.pdf.

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This thesis aims to search the contribution of strategic spatial planning to the establishment of democratic governance structures. Within this aim
it discusses strategic spatial planning with respect to its procedural and organizational characteristics and the notion of governance with respect to the issue of participatory democracy. Additionally
it argues that strategic spatial planning includes some conditions including that enhance the development of democratic governance. In doing these
it both covers a theoretical framework and a case study. In the theoretical framework
it encompasses the traditional and contemporary planning approaches in a comparative way and it studies the circumstances that have triggered the emergence of contemporary planning approaches by concentrating on the notions of democracy, participation and dialogue. The theoretical part also discusses the democracy models with respect to different participation patterns, the characteristics of strategic planning and different models of governance. Within these issues
on the theoretical ground, the study presents the components of strategic spatial planning, participation, dialogue and action which enhance the emergence of democratic governance mechanisms. In the case study part
Ankara Strategic Spatial Planning Experience is presented by an insider&rsquo
s point of view by extracting the theory from within the practice. The case study assesses each phase of the planning process within a consideration of the notions of participation, dialogue and action and in the context of organizational structure, dialogical process and action plans. In addition to all
this study embraces action research approach since it has been the research methodology implemented in the case which has fostered the formation of democratic governance mechanisms. The study assesses strategic spatial planning as an interactive approach which challenges participatory democracy while contributing to the emerging governance structures in space. The theoretical research and the case study analysis shows that strategic spatial planning approach enhances the establishment of democratic organizational structures, dialogical processes and inter-institutional relations. Also, the application of a strategic spatial planning approach in Ankara Strategic Spatial Planning Process has triggered cooperation among different governmental and sectoral levels and different spatial scales. Additionally, it has reinforced the construction of social and political capacities of stakeholders. The participatory practice that strategic spatial planning has yielded has had an integrative effect for the organizational structure in space. In conclusion, as the result of broad participation and establishment of dialogical processes, Ankara strategic spatial planning process served as an integrating device for the development of inter-sectoral and inter-institutional relations within dialogue and collaboration among actors. Thereby, as a result of the theoretical research and the case study it is concluded that strategic spatial planning approaches are likely to foster the establishment of democratic governance structures. However
there are some local circumstances that may affect the strategic spatial planning processes to develop an effective organizational structure. The local circumstances including lack of participation culture, active citizenry, the bureaucratic structure, the existing political structure in the locality are some significant factors that affect the process. Hence
this thesis argues that strategic spatial planning processes embrace prominent conditions including
participation, dialogue and action that have an important affect on the formation of democratic governance structures. Nevertheless, the local circumstances have an important weight on the process and its expected results.

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Porfyriou, Helen. "Scandinavian town planning from 1900 to 1930 and the contribution of Camillo Sitte." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403595.

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Khalaf, Bassem. "The contribution of planning-related motor processes to mental practice and imitation learning." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2972.

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It is still controversial whether mental practice – the internal rehearsal of movements to improve later performance – relies on processes engaged during physical motor performance and, if so, which processes these are. This series of experiments investigates this question. It utilizes a framework of ideomotor action planning theories, and tests whether mental practice may specifically draw upon planning- rather than execution-related motor processes, specifically those processes that “bind” intended action features to action plans. Experiments 1 to 4 utilize a classical stimulus response compatibility paradigm. Participants mentally practiced complex rhythms with either feet or hands while using the same or different body parts to respond to unrelated sounds. In contrast to previous work on stimulus response compatibility, we indeed found that responses were impaired – rather than facilitated – for those body parts that were concurrently used in mental practice. This result was found when participants mentally trained to memorize the rhythms (Experiment 1), to merely improve their performance (Experiment 3), when mental practice and execution directly followed one another and when separated by a different task (Experiment 4). These data link mental practice not to execution but planning related motor processes that are involved in binding intended action features to intended action plans. Experiment 5 and 6 then extend these results to imitation learning. Participants were instructed to learn the rhythms by observing somebody else, while again making unrelated responses with their hand and feet. While previous work on stimulus response compatibility focussed on testing automatic imitation processes, here imitation was therefore goal directed. We found, as in the previous experiments, that responses with the same body parts as used in the observed rhythms were impaired, suggesting that goal-directed imitation might rely on the same planning-related motor processes as the mental practice of action (Experiment 5). Importantly, these effects were only found as long as participants observed the actions with VI the purpose of imitating them later (i.e. formed action plans), but not when they merely tried to memorize the rhythms for later recognition (Experiment 6). The previous experiments suggest that mental practice and observation learning draw upon body-part specific planning processes. Ideomotor theories suggest, however, that action plans can be relatively abstract, and represented in terms of higher-level goals (i.e. the sequence of left and right button presses independent of the body part used). Experiment 7 and 8 therefore tested whether rhythms learned through mental practice or observation learning could be transferred to other body parts. As expected, we found a relatively high amount of potential transfer when rhythms were mentally practiced with one body part, and then had to be transferred to another body part (Experiment 7). However, this only held when participants learned the rhythms based on an abstract rhythm description, as in Experiments 1 to 4. If participants learned the same rhythms during action observation, any benefits were only obtained when the rhythms later had to be executed with the same (rather than a different) body part. Together, the present data suggest that mental practice does not rely on execution related-motor processes, and points to an involvement of planning related motor processes instead. We argue that such a planning-based account of mental practice is more compatible with the available evidence from body neuroscientific and behavioral studies, and allows one to resolve several debates. Moreover, it allows one to conceptualize goal-directed imitation in a similar manner as mental practice.

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García, Lozano Mario. "Contribution to wireless access optimization and dynamic enhancement of WCDMA networks." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/22707.

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El despliegue de las redes celulares 3G/3.5G plantea un reto a las estrategias de planificación y optimización radio tradicionales. A diferencia de los sistemas 2G FDMA, cobertura y capacidad están estrechamente ligadas y deben ser tratadas conjuntamente. Además, están presentes nuevos y más sofisticados algoritmos de gestión de recursos radio (RRM) así como una concepción de red más flexible, con múltiples parámetros interdependientes con ajuste no trivial. Un nuevo paradigma de planificación radio aparece y la red se optimiza mediante complejos algoritmos ya sea estática o dinámicamente. Esta tesis doctoral supone una contribución a la optimización de las redes de acceso radio en sistemas 3G/3.5G. Varios aspectos susceptibles de mejorar la planificación han sido investigados y nuevos métodos, directrices y estrategias de análisis se proponen con el objetivo final de mejorar el rendimiento del sistema. También se han diseñado y estudiado mecanismos dinámicos que se encuentran en la frontera difusa entre la planificación y la RRM. La 1ª parte de la tesis trata la configuración de las estaciones base. El impacto de las potencias piloto, inclinación de antenas y sus interacciones con parámetros de soft handover son investigados. Se hace énfasis en los efectos más allá de los conocidos y se derivan reglas para su ajuste. A partir de los resultados, se propone una estrategia para su Planificación Automática. El objetivo final es encontrar una combinación tal que el tráfico sea ecualizado de manera efectiva entre las celdas e incrementar la capacidad del sistema. La técnica se basa en la metaheurística Simulated Annealing y es capaz de mejorar el rendimiento global de la red, representado por una función de coste con información sobre el factor de carga y sujeta a otras condiciones de calidad. La importancia de los requisitos que impone el UL, a menudo olvidados en propuestas anteriores, también se ha incluido y estudiado analíticamente. La reconfiguración de las base no es el único medio para modificar la cobertura de las celdas, en este sentido el estudio se amplía mediante la introducción de repetidores, que permiten la generación de celdas distribuidas. En este caso la planificación es más compleja debido a la aparición de nuevos efectos que no se daban en las redes clásicas 2G FDMA. La mayoría de los trabajos que tratan con repetidores tienden a ignorarlos. Por ello, la investigación se centró en el modelado y cuantificación de su impacto así como en derivar directrices de planificación. Se ha obtenido analíticamente la nueva expresión que define la región de admisión y se concluye que existe un compromiso entre capacidad y cobertura, analizado tanto teóricamente como mediante simulación. Ciertos parámetros presentan un impacto importante y se han estudiado para obtener reglas prácticas de ajuste. La variación de cobertura en la celda padre antes y después de la instalación de repetidores también ha sido modelada. Posteriormente, se propone una nueva metodología para analizar estos despliegues, teniendo en cuenta de manera realista los retardos de propagación y el comportamiento del receptor Rake. Esto permite un análisis superior con respecto a enfoques tradicionales que, en determinadas circunstancias, tienden a ofrecer cifras erróneamente optimistas. La última parte de la tesis da un paso más en la Planificación Automática y se proponen y validan 2 mecanismos dinámicos que permiten a la red reaccionar y auto-optimizarse frente a cambios en las condiciones de tráfico. El primero, basado en conclusiones anteriores, persigue detectar si uno de los enlaces presenta problemas de capacidad y, en caso afirmativo, favorecerlo para retrasar los mecanismos de control de congestión. Por último, se introduce la tecnología HSDPA y, después de analizar los recursos que deben ser compartidos con versiones previas de UMTS, se concluye que es deseable un sistema para la gestión dinámica del árbol de códigos OVSF. Se propone y valida un mecanismo que maximiza el throughput de las celdas, garantizando al mismo tiempo criterios de bloqueo y dropping.
The deployment of 3G/3.5G cellular networks challenges traditional radio planning and optimization strategies. Unlike FDMA based 2G systems, coverage and capacity are tightly coupled and must be treated as a whole. Besides new and more sophisticated Radio Resource Management (RRM) algorithms are present along with a more flexible network with many interdependent parameters, whose joint adjustment is not trivial. A new radio planning paradigm appears in which the radio network is optimized by means of complex algorithms both in a static and a dynamic way. This Ph.D. thesis provides a contribution to the radio network optimization of 3G/3.5G networks. Several issues to improve radio network planning have been investigated and new methods, guidelines and strategies of analysis have been proposed with the final objective of enhancing the wireless access network performance. Dynamic mechanisms being in the blurred line between radio planning and RRM are also devised and studied. The first part of this dissertation deals with the configuration of Base Stations (BSs) the impact of pilot powers, downtilt of antennas and interactions thereof with Soft Handover parameters are investigated. Effects beyond well-known facts are outlined and new planning guidelines are derived. Given the results, an Automatic Planning strategy is devised to automate the configuration of these parameters and to find a combination such as traffic is effectively equalized among cells and a higher capacity is achieved. The technique is based on the Simulated Annealing metaheuristic and is able to improve the global performance of the network, represented by a cost function containing information on the load factor and subject to other quality constraints. The importance of uplink (UL) requirements, usually missed by existent proposals, has been also included and analytically addressed. Reconfiguring BSs is not the only means to modify cell shapes, in this sense the study is extended by introducing repeaters, which allow generating distributed coverage areas. This is the context of the second part of the thesis. New effects not present in FDMA based 2G systems imply that the radio planning process becomes more complex. Most existent papers dealing with repeaters in WCDMA networks, ignore these effects or claim their irrelevance. That is why the research work was focused in modeling them, quantifying their impact and deriving radio planning guidelines to enhance the final performance of the radio access network. The new expression for the feasibility condition has been analytically obtained showing a tradeoff between capacity and coverage. This has been analyzed both theoretically and by means of simulations and the adjustment of several parameters which have a significant impact is discussed to derive practical rules of thumb. Variation on the coverage of the donor cell before and after installing repeaters is also modeled. Subsequently, it is proposed a new methodology to analyze WCDMA networks with repeaters deployment, considering realistically path delays and the behavior of Rake receivers. This allows an enhanced analysis with respect to traditional approaches which, under certain circumstances, tend to provide erroneously optimistic metrics. The final part of the dissertation goes one step further in Automatic Planning and two dynamic mechanisms are proposed and validated so that the network can react and self tune in front of changes in traffic conditions. The first one follows some previous conclusions and aims at detecting if one of the links has capacity problems and if so, favors it to delay congestion control actions. Finally, HSDPA technology is introduced and, after analyzing the resources to be shared with a previous release of UMTS, it is concluded that a system that dynamically manages the OVSF code tree is desired. A mechanism aiming at maximizing cell throughput while guaranteeing blocking and dropping criteria is proposed and validated.

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Asmawi, M. Zainora. "The contribution of town and country planning to integrated coastal management in peninsular Malaysia." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438854.

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Johnson, Robert L. Jr, and Peter R. Shepard. "Defined contribution pension plans : can the real estate industry tap this growing pool of capital?" Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67643.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1997 [first author]; and, Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1996 [second author].
Includes bibliographical references.
by Robert L. Johnson, Jr. & Peter R. Shepard.
M.S.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Contributions in planning'

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