Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Contributions in semantics'
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Cregan, Anne Computer Science & Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Weaving the semantic web: Contributions and insights." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Computer Science & Engineering, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/42605.
Full textVasile, Beniamin. "Catégorisation cognitive et stéréotypie dans la production du langage chez les patients schizophrènes : contributions psycholinguistiques." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU20023.
Full textThis PhD thesis presents the exploration of the linguistic production at the schizophrenia adults through the processes of cognitive categorization and lexicalization. The interdisciplinary approach gathers the psychopathology, the cognitive linguistics and elements of neuropsychology within the framework of an experimental protocol approved by the clinical services of Purpan CHU (teaching hospital) from Toulouse. Structured in three parts, the protocol investigates the lexical, phrasal and discursive levels in schizophrenia patients by means of naming tasks, verbal fluency and storytelling within the framework of clinical experiments. The results confirm the data of the specialized literature stating quantitative and qualitative deficits in schizophrenia patients. In addition, the rich content of the corpus indicates the importance of the stereotypes which show through in psycholinguistics fixed frames in these patients and which require a specified coverage(Cognitive remediation, art-therapy)
Akin, Atif Ahmet. "An Examination Of Possible Contributions Of New Media Terms And Concepts To The Field Of Product Design." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606663/index.pdf.
Full textJohnston, David. "J.L. Austin on truth and meaning." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=70292.
Full textDidier, Keryan. "Contributions to the safe and efficient parallelisation of hard real-time systems." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS485.
Full textThe implementation of hard real-time systems involves a lot of steps that are traditionally manual. The growing complexity of such systems and hardware platforms on which they are executed makes increasingly difficult to ensure the correctness of those steps, in particular for the timing properties of the system on multi-core platform. This leads to the need for automation of the whole implementation process. In this thesis, we provide a method for automatic parallel implementation of real-time systems. The method bridge the gap between real-time systems implementation and compilation by integrating parallelization, scheduling, memory allocation, and code generation around a precise timing model and analysis that rely on strong hypothesis on the execution platform and the form of the generated code. The thesis also provides an implementation model for dataflow multithreaded software. Using the same formal ground as the first contribution, the dataflow synchronous formalisms, the model represents multithreaded implementations in a Lustre-like language extended with mapping annotations. This model allows formal reasoning on the correctness of all the mapping decisions used to build the implementation. We propose an approach toward the proof of correctness of the functionality of the implementation with respect to the functional specifications
Mouelhi, Sebti. "Contributions à la vérification de la sûreté de l'assemblage et à l'adaptation de composants réutilisables." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01015089.
Full textJobbins, Amanda Caryn. "The contribution of semantics to automatic text processing." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302405.
Full textKanterian, Edward. "Descriptive names : a contribution to the semantics of referring expressions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:885ec416-df87-4bf2-b3ab-4c2173f53804.
Full textBartlett, Kirsten E. "Processing SMS shortcuts : the contribution of phonology, orthography and semantics." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2012. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19324/.
Full textGao, Boyang. "Contributions to music semantic analysis and its acceleration techniques." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECDL0044/document.
Full textDigitalized music production exploded in the past decade. Huge amount of data drives the development of effective and efficient methods for automatic music analysis and retrieval. This thesis focuses on performing semantic analysis of music, in particular mood and genre classification, with low level and mid level features since the mood and genre are among the most natural semantic concepts expressed by music perceivable by audiences. In order to delve semantics from low level features, feature modeling techniques like K-means and GMM based BoW and Gaussian super vector have to be applied. In this big data era, the time and accuracy efficiency becomes a main issue in the low level feature modeling. Our first contribution thus focuses on accelerating k-means, GMM and UBM-MAP frameworks, involving the acceleration on single machine and on cluster of workstations. To achieve the maximum speed on single machine, we show that dictionary learning procedures can elegantly be rewritten in matrix format that can be accelerated efficiently by high performance parallel computational infrastructures like multi-core CPU, GPU. In particular with GPU support and careful tuning, we have achieved two magnitudes speed up compared with single thread implementation. Regarding data set which cannot fit into the memory of individual computer, we show that the k-means and GMM training procedures can be divided into map-reduce pattern which can be executed on Hadoop and Spark cluster. Our matrix format version executes 5 to 10 times faster on Hadoop and Spark clusters than the state-of-the-art libraries. Beside signal level features, mid-level features like harmony of music, the most natural semantic given by the composer, are also important since it contains higher level of abstraction of meaning beyond physical oscillation. Our second contribution thus focuses on recovering note information from music signal with musical knowledge. This contribution relies on two levels of musical knowledge: instrument note sound and note co-occurrence/transition statistics. In the instrument note sound level, a note dictionary is firstly built i from Logic Pro 9. With the musical dictionary in hand, we propose a positive constraint matching pursuit (PCMP) algorithm to perform the decomposition. In the inter-note level, we propose a two stage sparse decomposition approach integrated with note statistical information. In frame level decomposition stage, note co-occurrence probabilities are embedded to guide atom selection and to build sparse multiple candidate graph providing backup choices for later selections. In the global optimal path searching stage, note transition probabilities are incorporated. Experiments on multiple data sets show that our proposed approaches outperform the state-of-the-art in terms of accuracy and recall for note recovery and music mood/genre classification
Yao, Norikazu. "Auditory localisation : contributions of sound location and semantic spatial cues." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2007. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16504/1/Norikazu_Yao_Thesis.pdf.
Full textYao, Norikazu. "Auditory localisation : contributions of sound location and semantic spatial cues." Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16504/.
Full textCooper, Elisa. "Pronouncing printed words : investigating a semantic contribution to adult word reading." Thesis, University of East London, 2013. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3042/.
Full textWINTER, CHRISTINE. "Contribution a l'etude des dictionnaires bilingues francais-anglais. Quelques problemes semantico-syntaxiques." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR20018.
Full textThis study on french-english english-french bilingual dictionaries is primarily concerned with two medium-sized works: the collins and robert and the harrap's shorter. Two main aspects of equivalence will be discussed, namely semantic and functional equivalence. A contrastive analysis will be a prerequisite to the evaluation of some articles appearing in the two dictionaries. First of all, a syntactic analysis of the elements related by english with and french avec will show that the dictionaries list contextual meanings rather than indicate the functional differences existing between the two prepositions. Then, a semantic study concerned with french and english lexical fields will reveal that only partial equivalence can be stated between most pairs of verbs related to olfactory perception. In spite of this, the mentioned dictionaries do not specify the limits of the equivalence, whether semantic, functional or stylistic. Moreover, several equivalents often appear side by side without being discriminated. The observation of specific articles leads to more general questions concerned with lexicographic choices and lexicographical techniques. Problems raised through selective examination and evaluation can finally be gathered, classified and reworded into general suggestions and directions for further research
Kocagoncu, Ece. "Dynamic speech networks in the brain : dual contribution of incrementality and constraints in access to semantics." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/270309.
Full textHunt, Frances Jane. "A semantic contribution to verbal short-term memory : a test of operational definitions of 'semantic similarity' and input versus output processes." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2007. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/6192/.
Full textKlooster, Nathaniel Bloem. "The hippocampus and semantic memory beyond acquisition: a lesion study of hippocampal contributions to the maintenance, updating, and use of remote semantic memory." Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3122.
Full textJefferies, Elizabeth Alice. "Evidence for lexical and semantic contributions to phonological coherence in verbal short-term memory." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/943b98f5-1970-415a-ad56-c7fed3627a01.
Full textDelia, Luigi. "La verità filosofica nel pensiero di Descartes : studio storico, critico e semantico." Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOL025.
Full textThe question of truth, that is of its research and of the proper experiences that allow to grasp it (the necessity of the method); of its possibility and of its origin; of its characteristics and of the choices that imply it; of its constraining force and of its intellectual formation; of its coherence and of its correspondence; of its univocallity and of its diverse discursive modulation (distinction of the three primitive notions); of the use, last, that we must rightly make of it in light of science’s progress and of human moral development, is not a localised question but indeed transpires through all the Cartesian philosophy project. The defended thesis was fixed around a triple objective: to reconstruct the intellectual context within which is shaped the Cartesian idea of truth; to conduct an enquiry within Descartes’ work, aiming to think over the main interpretative problems linked to this notion; to conduct a lexical study dedicated to the negative register about truth
Perlin, Hugo Alberto. "A contribution to semantic description of images and videos: an application of soft biometrics." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1808.
Full textOs seres humanos possuem uma alta capacidade de extrair informações de dados visuais, adquiridos por meio da visão. Através de um processo de aprendizado, que se inicia ao nascer e continua ao longo da vida, a interpretação de imagens passa a ser feita de maneira quase instintiva. Em um relance, uma pessoa consegue facilmente descrever com certa precisão os componentes principais que compõem uma determinada cena. De maneira geral, isto é feito extraindo-se características de baixo nível, como arestas, texturas e formas, e associando-as com significados de alto nível. Ou seja, realiza-se uma descrição semântica desta cena. Um exemplo disto é a capacidade de reconhecer outras pessoas e descrever suas características físicas e comportamentais. A área de visão computacional tem como principal objetivo desenvolver métodos capazes de realizar interpretação visual com desempenho similar aos humanos. Estes métodos englobam conhecimento de aprendizado de máquina e processamento de imagens. Esta tese tem como objetivo propor métodos de visão computacional que permitam a extração de informações de alto nível na forma de biometrias leves. Estas biometrias representam características inerentes ao corpo e ao comportamento humano. Porém, não permitem a identificação unívoca de uma pessoa. Para tanto, este problema foi abordado de duas formas, aprendizado não-supervisionado e supervisionado. A primeira busca agrupar as imagens através de um processo de aprendizado automático de extração de características, empregando técnicas de convoluções, computação evolucionária e clusterização. Nesta abordagem as imagens utilizadas contém faces e pessoas. A segunda abordagem emprega redes neurais convolucionais, que possuem a capacidade de operar sobre imagens cruas, aprendendo tanto o processo de extração de características quanto a classificação. Aqui as imagens são classificadas de acordo com gênero e roupas, divididas em parte superior e inferior do corpo humano. A primeira abordagem, quando testada com diferentes bancos de imagens, obteve uma acurácia de aproximadamente 80% para faces e não-faces e 70% para pessoas e não-pessoas. A segunda, testada utilizando imagens e vídeos, obteve uma acurácia de cerca de 70% para gênero, 80% para roupas da parte superior e 90% para a parte inferior. Os resultados destes estudos de casos, mostram que os métodos propostos são promissores, permitindo a realização de anotação automática de informações de alto nível. Isto abre possibilidades para o desenvolvimento de aplicações em diversas áreas, como busca de imagens e vídeos baseada em conteúdo e segurança por vídeo, reduzindo o esforço humano nas tarefas de anotação manual e monitoramento.
Humans have a high ability to extract visual data information acquired by sight. Trought a learning process, which starts at birth and continues throughout life, image interpretation becomes almost instinctively. At a glance, one can easily describe a scene with reasonable precision, naming its main components. Usually, this is done by extracting low-level features such as edges, shapes and textures, and associanting them to high level meanings. In this way, a semantic description of the scene is done. An example of this, is the human capacity to recognize and describe other people physical and behavioral characteristics, or biometrics. Soft-biometrics also represents inherent characteristics of human body and behaviour, but do not allow unique person identification. Computer vision area aims to develop methods capable of performing visual interpretation with performance similar to humans. This thesis aims to propose computer vison methods which allows high level information extraction from images in the form of soft biometrics. This problem is approached in two ways, unsupervised and supervised learning methods. The first seeks to group images via an automatic feature extraction learning , using both convolution techniques, evolutionary computing and clustering. In this approach employed images contains faces and people. Second approach employs convolutional neural networks, which have the ability to operate on raw images, learning both feature extraction and classification processes. Here, images are classified according to gender and clothes, divided into upper and lower parts of human body. First approach, when tested with different image datasets obtained an accuracy of approximately 80% for faces and non-faces and 70% for people and non-person. The second tested using images and videos, obtained an accuracy of about 70% for gender, 80% to the upper clothes and 90% to lower clothes. The results of these case studies, show that proposed methods are promising, allowing the realization of automatic high level information image annotation. This opens possibilities for development of applications in diverse areas such as content-based image and video search and automatica video survaillance, reducing human effort in the task of manual annotation and monitoring.
Lebboss, Georges. "Contribution à l’analyse sémantique des textes arabes." Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080046/document.
Full textThe Arabic language is poor in electronic semantic resources. Among those resources there is Arabic WordNet which is also poor in words and relationships.This thesis focuses on enriching Arabic WordNet by synsets (a synset is a set of synonymous words) taken from a large general corpus. This type of corpus does not exist in Arabic, so we had to build it, before subjecting it to a number of pretreatments.We developed, Gilles Bernard and myself, a method of word vectorization called GraPaVec which can be used here. I built a system which includes a module Add2Corpus, pretreatments, word vectorization using automatically generated frequency patterns, which yields a data matrix whose rows are the words and columns the patterns, each component representing the frequency of a word in a pattern.The word vectors are fed to the neural model Self Organizing Map (SOM) ;the classification produced constructs synsets. In order to validate the method, we had to create a gold standard corpus (there are none in Arabic for this area) from Arabic WordNet, and then compare the GraPaVec method with Word2Vec and Glove ones. The result shows that GraPaVec gives for this problem the best results with a F-measure 25 % higher than the others. The generated classes will be used to create new synsets to be included in Arabic WordNet
Vukovic, Nikola. "Individual differences and experience as factors shaping sensorimotor contributions to semantic processing : insights from behaviour and neurophysiology." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708869.
Full textPilgrim, Lesley Karen. "The functional and neural organisation of semantic knowledge : the contribution of right and left cerebral hemispheres." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619680.
Full textHermena, Ehab W. "The contribution of phonological access towards syntactic and semantic sentence processing : eye movement evidence from Arabic." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/359647/.
Full textChabeb, Yassin. "Contributions à la description et la découverte de services web sémantiques." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00843597.
Full textAertsen, H. "Play in Middle English : a contribution to word field theory /." Amsterdam : Free University Press, 1987. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/33043.
Full textSabatier, Paul. "Contribution au développement d'interfaces en langage naturel." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077081.
Full textZnaidi, Eya. "Contribution à l'analyse et l'évaluation des requêtes expertes : cas du domaine médical." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30054/document.
Full textThe research topic of this document deals with a particular setting of medical information retrieval (IR), referred to as expert based information retrieval. We were interested in information needs expressed by medical domain experts like praticians, physicians, etc. It is well known in information retrieval (IR) area that expressing queries that accurately reflect the information needs is a difficult task either in general domains or specialized ones and even for expert users. Thus, the identification of the users' intention hidden behind queries that they submit to a search engine is a challenging issue. Moreover, the increasing amount of health information available from various sources such as government agencies, non-profit and for-profit organizations, internet portals etc. presents oppor- tunities and issues to improve health care information delivery for medical professionals, patients and general public. One critical issue is the understanding of users search strategies and tactics for bridging the gap between their intention and the delivered information. In this thesis, we focus, more particularly, on two main aspects of medical information needs dealing with the expertise which consist of two parts, namely : - Understanding the users intents behind the queries is critically important to gain a better insight of how to select relevant results. While many studies investigated how users in general carry out exploratory health searches in digital environments, a few focused on how are the queries formulated, specifically by domain expert users. We address more specifically domain expert health search through the analysis of query attributes namely length, specificity and clarity using appropriate proposed measures built according to different sources of evidence. In this respect, we undertake an in-depth statistical analysis of queries issued from IR evalua- tion compaigns namely Text REtrieval Conference (TREC) and Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum (CLEF) devoted for different medical tasks within controlled evaluation settings. - We address the issue of answering PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome) clinical queries formulated within the Evidence Based Medicine framework. The contributions of this part include (1) a new algorithm for query elicitation based on the semantic mapping of each facet of the query to a reference terminology, and (2) a new document ranking model based on a prioritized aggregation operator. we tackle the issue related to the retrieval of the best evidence that fits with a PICO question, which is an underexplored research area. We propose a new document ranking algorithm that relies on semantic based query expansion leveraged by each question facet. The expansion is moreover bounded by the local search context to better discard irrelevant documents. The experimental evaluation carried out on the CLIREC dataset shows the benefit of our approaches
Vu, Viet-Hoang. "Contribution to abductive reasoning with concepts in description logics : an application to ontology-based semantic matchmaking for tourism information systems." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE4090.
Full textToday, travel and tourism is a sector that plays a more and more important role in the modern economy. To support the development of an electronic marketplace for tourism, we adopt an ontology-based Semantic Matchmaking method proposed so far in the literature to deal with the heterogeneity of the domain. The idea is to use Description Logics (DLs) to represent the semantics of demands and supplies available on the marketplace with reference to an ontology and then employ automated reasoning services to classify and the propose the best potential matches. Using Semantic Matchmaking thereby facilitates the discovery and negotiation process in the marketplace. Besides, the method can also be used to assist in the ontology mapping, an important process for providing the semantic interoperability between heterogeneous tourism systems. To realize the matchmaking process, a new non-standard inference, Concept Abduction, is developed for a quite inexpressive DL ALN. Because the representation of ontologies in the tourism domain requires generally more expressivity, we have to extend this inference method to a more expressive DL SHIQ and that is the first main objective of this thesis. Furthermore, it was acknowledged that travel and tourism is so highly heterogeneous that no one single global ontology can cover the whole domain. Instead, distributed and modular ontologies have to be used. That leads to the second objective of this thesis : developing Concept Abduction for the Package-based DL SHIQP, an expression of SHIQ for distributed and modular ontologies. Finally, we propose an architecture to realize a Semantic Matchmaker for distributed tourism information systems
Sahli, Nabil. "Contribution au problème de la sécurité sémantique des systèmes : approche basée sur l'ingénierie dirigée par les modèles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0699.
Full textCritical, modern, current, and even future industrial infrastructures will be equipped with several intelligent embedded equipment. They exploit complex, embedded, intelligent and semantic systems for their operations, locally and remotely, in a context of development, smart cities and the web of things. They are using more and more SCADA and DCS control systems to monitor critical industrial platforms in real time. Critical infrastructures will be more and more communicating in the framework of the exchanges of allarmes and the establishment of Euro-Mediterranean markets of the életcricité and also more and more vulnerable, to classic and even semantic attacks, to viruses, to Trojan horses. The cybernetics of critical platforms is growing, day by day, mainly with the use of complex embedded intelligent semantic systems, web services, ontologies, and format files (XML, OWL, RDF, etc.). They are all embedded in intelligent instruments, making up semantic SCADA systems. Intelligent telecommunication networks, wired and wireless, called hybrids, are developing. They represent a great challenge for the security of future communicating systems. In a context of development of the web of things and smart cities, our research aims to strengthen the bases of security and semantic cybernetics, for communicating systems. In our global solution for semantic security, critical infrastructures, we have proposed several sub-solutions, such as metamodels and models, as well as an end-to-end security strategy, with operation on a global cloud network, hybrid and secure
Song, Fuqi. "Contribution à l'interopérabilité des entreprises par alignement d'ontologies." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00909637.
Full textChada, Daniel de Magalhães. "Are you experienced? Contributions towards experience recognition, cognition, and decision making." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/17786.
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Este trabalho consiste em três contribuições independentes do âmbito da modelagem cognitiva ao campo de management science. O primeiro aborda Experience Recognition, uma teoria inicialmente introduzida por Linhares e Freitas [91]. Aqui ela é estendida e delineada, além de se discutir suas contribuições para a ciência cognitiva e management science. A segunda contribuição introduz a framework cognitiva chamada Rotational Sparse Distributed Memory, e fornece uma aplicação-exemplo de suas características como substrato para um fortemente relevante campo da management science: redes semânticas. A contribuição final aplica Rotational Sparse Distributed Memory para a modelagem de motifs de rede, flexibilidade dinâmica e organização hierárquica, três resultados de forte impacto na literatura recente de neurociência. A relevância de uma abordagem baseada na modelagem neurocientífica para a decision science é discutida.
This work is comprised of three independent contributions from the realm of cognitive modeling to management science. The first addresses Experience Recognition, a theory first introduced by Linhares and Freitas [91]. Here it is extended and better defined, and also its contribution to cognitive science and management science are discussed. The second contribution introduces a cognitive framework called Rotational Sparse Distributed Memory, and provides a sample application of its characteristics as a substrate for a highly relevant subject in management science: semantic networks. The final contribution applies Rotational Sparse Distributed Memory to modeling network motifs, dynamic flexibility and hierarchical organization, all highly impactful results in recent neuroscience literature. The relevance of a neuroscientific modeling approach towards a cognitive view of decision science are discussed.
Breux, Yohan. "Du capteur à la sémantique : contribution à la modélisation d'environnement pour la robotique autonome en interaction avec l'humain." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS059/document.
Full textAutonomous robotics is successfully used in controled industrial environments where instructions follow predetermined implementation plans.Domestic robotics is the challenge of years to come and involve several new problematics : we have to move from a closed bounded world to an open one. A robot can no longer only rely on its raw sensor data as they merely show the absence or presence of things. It should also understand why objects are in its environment as well as the meaning of its tasks. Besides, it has to interact with human beings and therefore has to share their conceptualization through natural language. Indeed, each language is in its own an abstract and compact representation of the world which links up variety of concrete and abstract concepts. However, real observations are more complex than our simplified semantical representation. Thus they can come into conflict : this is the price for a finite representation of an "infinite" world.To address those challenges, we propose in this thesis a global architecture bringing together different modalities of environment representation. It allows to relate a physical representation to abstract concepts expressed in natural language. The inputs of our system are two-fold : sensor data feed the perception modality whereas textual information and human interaction are linked to the semantic modality. The novelty of our approach is in the introduction of an intermediate modality based on instances (physical realization of semantic concepts). Among other things, it allows to connect indirectly and without contradiction perceptual data to knowledge in natural langage.We propose in this context an original method to automatically generate an ontology for the description of physical objects. On the perception side, we investigate some properties of image descriptor extracted from intermediate layers of convolutional neural networks. In particular, we show their relevance for instance representation as well as their use for estimation of similarity transformation. We also propose a method to relate instances to our object-oriented ontology which, in the assumption of an open world, can be seen as an alternative to classical classification methods. Finally, the global flow of our system is illustrated through the description of user request management processes
Din, F. "Modern exegeses' contribution toward understanding the concept of tā‘ah and observance : a semantic and theological enquiry into Tafsīr-al-Manār and Tafsīr al-Azhar." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.649556.
Full textSakka, Mohamed Amin. "Contributions à la modélisation et la conception des systèmes de gestion de provenance à large échelle." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TELE0023/document.
Full textProvenance is a key metadata for assessing electronic documents trustworthiness. It allows to prove the quality and the reliability of its content. With the maturation of service oriented technologies and Cloud computing, more and more data is exchanged electronically and dematerialization becomes one of the key concepts to cost reduction and efficiency improvement. Although most of the applications exchanging and processing documents on the Web or in the Cloud become provenance aware and provide heterogeneous, decentralized and not interoperable provenance data, most of Provenance Management Systems (PMSs) are either dedicated to a specific application (workflow, database, ...) or a specific data type. Those systems were not conceived to support provenance over distributed and heterogeneous sources. This implies that end-users are faced with different provenance models and different query languages. For these reasons, modeling, collecting and querying provenance across heterogeneous distributed sources is considered today as a challenging task. This is also the case for designing scalable PMSs providing these features. In the fist part of our thesis, we focus on provenance modelling. We present a new provenance modelling approach based on semantic Web technologies. Our approach allows to import provenance data from heterogeneous sources, to enrich it semantically to obtain high level representation of provenance. It provides syntactic interoperability between those sources based on a minimal domain model (MDM), supports the construction of rich domain models what allows high level representations of provenance while keeping the semantic interoperability. Our modelling approch supports also semantic correlation between different provenance sources and allows the use of a high level semantic query language. In the second part of our thesis, we focus on the design, implementation and scalability issues of provenance management systems. Based on our modelling approach, we propose a centralized logical architecture for PMSs. Then, we present a mediator based architecture for PMSs aiming to preserve provenance sources distribution. Within this architecture, the mediator has a global vision on all provenance sources and possesses query processing and distribution capabilities. The validation of our modelling approach was performed in a document archival context within Novapost, a company offering SaaS services for documents archiving. Also, we propose a non-functional validation aiming to test the scalability of our architecture. This validation is based on two implementation of our PMS : he first uses an RDF triple store (Sesame) and the second a NoSQL DBMS coupled with the map-reduce parallel model (CouchDB). The tests we performed show the limits of Sesame in storing and querying large amounts of provenance data. However, the PMS based on CouchDB showed a good performance and a linear scalability
Liczner, Aleksandra. "Une contribution à l'amélioration des ressources terminographiques : étude terminologique fondée sur un corpus de textes de spécialité du domaine du droit de l'internet." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2089/document.
Full textThe aim of this work is to propose a holistic description of terminological units in the field of Internet law, based on a hybrid model that reflectis both the linguistic and the conceptual dimension of terms. To be more precise, this model aims to point out the lexical-semantic relationships and conceptual links that those terms maintain with other terminological and lexical units belonging to the Internet law vocabulary, by studying their behavior in the discursive universe. The project (which we call DITerm) is part of a descriptive approach whose ambition is to explain observed usage in the specialized language at hand. The model was created using acorpus made up of legal texts which totals about 5 000,000 words. The model will be used as the basis for the conception of a specialized encoding dictionary. This dictionary is intended for translators with French language as their working language. The term, as it is viewed in this study, is a multi-dimensional unity which should be considered from many angles. Its description is hence based on the analysis of its lexical, conceptual and contextual relationships which is widely inspired by lexicographical models. Thetheoretical background of the DITerm project is Explanatory and Combinatorial Lexicology, the lexicological component of Meaning-Text Theory (Mel’čuk et al. 1995). We also draw inspiration from the frame theory and its different applications (Minsky’s Frame System Theory,Fillmore’s Frame Semantics). The methodology adopted in this project fits into the framework of corpus linguistics (Sinclair).The DITerm model proposes to describe each term as the center of a constellation around which several coordinated terms gravitate, creating what Cornu (2002) calls operational families. In order to model the relationships the term shares with the units which tend to appear in its contextual universe, we rely on several explicit formulas based on a broadly comprehensible metalanguage. This formalism, which is based on paraphrase, correlates partly with the popularization of the lexical functions. On the other hand, it has the advantage of adapting to the representation of conceptual links. In addition, the description is enriched by the implementation of an annotation model of the contexts in which the terms occur, which makes it possible to account for indirect links that are maintained by terms. This annotation model is an application of the FrameNet methodology
Almeida, Lajes Maria Alcina. "Contribution a l'etude de la communication ecrite chez l'enfant - elements pour une analyse semantico-pragmatique de textes d'ecoliers portugais (cm1 et cm2) : les actes de langage." Toulouse 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU20022.
Full textA contribution to the study of the written language of primary school age children is proposed here, with the assumption that the learning disabilities evidenced by children belonging to certain social groups may be due, to a great extent, to language differences. The analysis that has been carried out shows the relevance of the concept of illocutionary synonymy with respect to the description of language usage (information, greating, promise. . . ). The corpus of 240 written compositions (selected from a sample of 1200) has been analysed by means of a large number of grids, we have designed according to the taxonomy of illocutionary acts of searle (1972, 1982) and aston (1977) as well as to the theoretical framework of anscombre, berrendonner, ducrot, kerbrat-orecchioni. . . ). The data have been analysed as a function of the following variables : age, sex, private public school and social status. The main finding of this study are the establishement of the tendencies of the written communication of urban children (lisbon) and the identification of the most significant differences between the sub-groups we have observed
Fortineau, Virginie. "Contribution à une modélisation ontologique des informations tout au long du cycle de vie du produit." Phd thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure d'arts et métiers - ENSAM, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-01064598.
Full textPetit, Jean. "Contribution à la modélisation d'une conscience culturelle artificielle émique par les ontologies." Thesis, Reims, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REIMS039/document.
Full textWith the growing web, a number of applications seek to meet the needs of users or machines having diverse cultural backgrounds. From this context of cultural diversity arises conflicts linked to different world conceptions. Offering adaptated services requires the integration of a form of cultural awareness in the system. An artificial cultural awareness is composed of formal cultural representations and mediations providing the system with the means to interpret the represented cultures and to determine their differences. So far the representations used for the development of culturally-aware systems come from universal or ``etic'' models. Those coarse-grained models, even though they are adapted, limit the possible understanding of the represented cultures. As a consequence they constitute a bottleneck for the development of culturally-aware systems.This thesis investigates the development of a finer-grained artificial cultural awareness based on cultural models specific to each culture called ``emic''. I study the construction, the formalisation and the mediation of these emic cultural representations. My main contributions are the design and validation of, in one hand, a new semi-automatic ethnographic process for building emic models through text-mining, in another hand, an emic artificial cultural awareness based on the mapping of cultural ontologies coming from those models
Drame, Khadim. "Contribution à la construction d’ontologies et à la recherche d’information : application au domaine médical." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0444/document.
Full textThis work aims at providing efficient access to relevant information among the increasing volume of digital data. Towards this end, we studied the benefit from using ontology to support an information retrieval (IR) system.We first described a methodology for constructing ontologies. Thus, we proposed a mixed method which combines natural language processing techniques for extracting knowledge from text and the reuse of existing semantic resources for the conceptualization step. We have also developed a method for aligning terms in English and French in order to enrich terminologically the resulting ontology. The application of our methodology resulted in a bilingual ontology dedicated to Alzheimer’s disease.We then proposed algorithms for supporting ontology-based semantic IR. Thus, we used concepts from ontology for describing documents automatically and for query reformulation. We were particularly interested in: 1) the extraction of concepts from texts, 2) the disambiguation of terms, 3) the vectorial weighting schema adapted to concepts and 4) query expansion. These algorithms have been used to implement a semantic portal about Alzheimer’s disease. Further, because the content of documents are not always fully available, we exploited incomplete information for identifying the concepts, which are relevant for indexing the whole content of documents. Toward this end, we have proposed two classification methods: the first is based on the k nearest neighbors’ algorithm and the second on the explicit semantic analysis. The two methods have been evaluated on large standard collections of biomedical documents within an international challenge
Nastov, Blazo. "Contribution à une méthode outillée pour la conception de langages de modélisation métier interopérables, analysables et prouvables pour l'Ingénierie Système basée sur des Modèles." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT272/document.
Full textSystems Engineering (SE) is an interdisciplinary and collaborative approach for successful design and management of large scale complex systems. Among other principles, SE promotes and mandates a model-based (or model-driven) approach for all stages of system design processes, denoted Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE). This implies concepts, techniques and tools for creating and managing various systems models for the purpose of stakeholders, and for reaching and improving the quality of models helping then stakeholders during decision-making processes, to make decisions faster and efficiently with enough confidence. Indeed, these decisions impact all along the downstream phases of system engineering and development until the realization and deployment of the real system, its functioning, safety, security, induced costs and so on. In this work, a particular attention is given to model verification and validation (V&V). The goals are to assure prior to decision-making processes, first, that models are coherent, well-formed and correctly build and represented, and second, that they are trustworthy and relevant, representing as accurately as possible the viewpoints of a system under design as expected by stakeholders.Such models provide stakeholders with confidence and trust, aiding them in making, but also in arguing decisions. Models are created by using modeling languages that are specifically tailored for a given viewpoint of a system, denoted Domain Specific Modeling Languages (DSMLs).The basic principles on which a DSML is based are its syntax and its semantics, but current DSMLs have been more studied from the syntactical point than from the semantical one that is often neglected or, when needed, provided by means of translating the DSML into third party formalisms. This is the key limitation preventing the deployment of a successful V&V strategy in MBSE context. To overcome this shortcoming, this thesis proposes first a conceptual contribution consisting of a new metamodeling language, called eXecutable, Verifiable and Interoperable Core (xviCore), allowing stakeholders to build DSMLs (called xviDSMLs), that along with their syntax also integrates semantics. Our solution combines, three meta-languages, an object-oriented metamodeling language for the specification of the syntactical part with a formal behavioral modeling language and a property modeling language for the semantical part. The methodological contribution of this work allows the deployment of successful V&V strategies allowing for direct (without transformation) model verification by simulation and properties proof. We propose a mechanism to simulate the expected behavior of a SoI through model execution based on the blackboard-based communication model, and a mechanism for specification and verification of formal properties. The technical contribution consists of an Eclipse-EMF deployable plug-in that implements the metamodeling language xviCore and the mechanisms for simulation and formal property verification
Xu, Da. "Contribution to the elaboration of a decision support system based on modular ontologies for ecological labelling." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/19449/1/XU_Da.pdf.
Full textChakroun, Chedlia. "Contribution à la définition d'une méthode de conception de bases de données à base ontologique." Phd thesis, ISAE-ENSMA Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et d'Aérotechique - Poitiers, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00904117.
Full textEich, Markus [Verfasser], Frank [Akademischer Betreuer] Kirchner, and Bernd [Akademischer Betreuer] Krieg-Brückner. "Marine Vessel Inspection as a Novel Field for Service Robotics: A Contribution to Systems, Control Methods and Semantic Perception Algorithms / Markus Eich. Gutachter: Frank Kirchner ; Bernd Krieg-Brückner. Betreuer: Frank Kirchner." Bremen : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1072078546/34.
Full textSzejka, Anderson Luis. "Contribution to interoperable products design and manufacturing information : application to plastic injection products manufacturing." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0159/document.
Full textGlobal competitiveness has challenged manufacturing industry to rationalise different ways of bringing to the market new products in a short lead-time with competitive prices while ensuring higher quality levels. Modern PDP has required simultaneously collaborations of multiple groups, producing and exchanging information from multi-perspectives within and across institutional boundaries. However, it has been identified semantic interoperability issues in view of the information heterogeneity from multiple perspectives and their relationships across product development. This research proposes a conceptual framework of an Interoperable Product Design and Manufacturing based on a set of core ontological foundations and semantic mapping approaches. This framework has been particularly instantiated for the design and manufacturing of plastic injection moulded rotational products and has explored the particular viewpoints of moldability, mould design and manufacturing. The research approach explored particular information structures to support Design and Manufacture application. Subsequently, the relationships between these information structures have been investigated and the semantics reconciliation has been designed through mechanisms to convert, share and translate information from the multi-perspectives. An experimental system has been performed using the Protégé tool to model the core ontologies and the Java platform integrated with the Jena to develop the interface with the user. The conceptual framework proposed in this research has been tested through experiments using rotational plastic products. Therefore, this research has shown that information rigorously-defined and their well-defined relationships can ensure the effectiveness of product design and manufacturing in a modern and collaborative PDP
Lecoeur, Guillaume. "De la gestion des maux au "travail des mots" : contribution à une sociologie historique d'un répertoire sémantique des maux du travail (XVIIème siècle à nos jours)." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CNAM1184/document.
Full textIn recent years, following a period during which suffering occupied a predominant space as a category shaping French public debate, new words have begun to move to the fore when it comes to denouncing workplace ills. Fatigue, stress, burn out, and phsycho-social risks are examples of new categories used today to name worker-experienced harm. While public debate over worker suffering is regularly revisited, the question of the origin of this new repertoire of concepts is problematic. Do these words really reflect the social conditions in which people work? What is at stake discursively and epistemologically when these concepts are used ? To answer these questions, this thesis endeavors to analyze the genealogy of the semantic repertoire of workplace suffering, by bringing particular focus upon the social trajectories of the people who promoted some of its different constituent concepts. By identifying some of the different possible historical and epistemological causes of this repertoire, this thesis offers new methodological and theoretical tools to stabilize and harmonize our commun thinking about work. In this way, it also helps shed light upon the conditions under which a peculiarly sociological approach to work, along with a more general social-science approach, have been able to emerge
Battal, Merlet Lâle. "Contribution à l’étude de la mémoire épisodique dans la schizophrénie : investigations comportementales et électrophysiologiques de l‘effet du traitement du contenu sémantique des stimuli sur la mobilisation des processus de familiarité et de récupération contextuelle chez des personnes atteintes de schizophrénie." Thesis, Paris 8, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA080021.
Full textEpisodic memory deficit in schizophrenia has a negative impact on patients’ cognitive and social functioning. This deficit is related to the impairment of both familiarity and recollection processes. The main goal of this thesis was to test the possibility of mobilizing these processes by the strategic use of the semantic content of stimuli in schizophrenia patients. The second aim was to understand if the differences encountered in encoding strategies between patients and controls could explain the mobilization pattern of episodic memory processes in patients. Three studies using verbal or pictorial stimuli, and behavioral and electrophysiological measures were carried out with 66 schizophrenia patients and 45 healthy individuals. We have demonstrated that, contrary to recollection, familiarity is increased by the strategic use of the semantic content of to be learned stimuli, which allowed to improve, and even normalize patients’ performance. The lack of mobilization in the recollection process might be explained by the differences in semantic encoding strategies used by patients in comparison to healthy participants. Patients with schizophrenia had difficulties with auto-initiating context appropriate strategies during encoding. To conclude, this work designates familiarity as a privileged target for cognitive remediation programs. Furthermore, it indicates that the mobilization deficit in the recollection seems to be a stable cognitive trait and could potentially become a neurocognitive marker, contributing to early detection in individuals at high risk of developing schizophrenia
Hsueh, Chia-Hung. "Le bâtiment de la langue française selon Louis Meigret." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/HSUEH_Chia-Hung_1_complete_20191108.pdf.
Full textThe thesis presents the contributions of L. Meigret (1550 - ca 1558) in the history of linguistic theories, both in terms of his general vision, as well as concerning his phonological, morphological and syntactical analyzes. It relies on the thematico-quantitative approach, in focusing on recurring themes under the pen of the grammarian, such as portrait (portraiture), bâtiment (building), superfluité (superfluity), usurpation, gouvernement (government), détermination, démonstration, résolution, and so on. Before two main parts, Chapter I examines the connotations of bâtiment, which reveal the influence of the perspective in painting during the grammatisation of French. In dealing with problème de lettres (problem of letters), the first part proposes to consider Meigret as a grammairien-typographe (grammarian-typographer), his alphabet as a linguistic engineering, and his quest for a phonographic writing as the culmination of a new grammatological paradigm at the Renaissance. Under the name of études de syntaxe (studies of syntax), the second part sets out to reveal its quality as a syntactician, in his dependent descriptions of language phenomena at all levels, in his pragma-semantic and pronominal researches, especially around the article, and in its innovations in metalinguistic tools, such as termes localisateurs (terms of locating) and la technique de résolution (the technique of resolution)
Desaunay, Pierre. "Etudes comportementale et électrophysiologique de la mémoire dans les troubles du spectre de l'autisme Memory in autism spectrum disorders : a meta-analysis of experimental studies Prospective memory in adolescents with autism : a preliminary study of the impact memory load Impact of semantic relatedness on associative memory : an ERP study Exploring the ERP time-cours of associative recognition in autism Autisme et connectivité cérébrale : contribution des études de neuroimagerie à la compréhension des signes cliniques." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC051.
Full textMemory is a main cognitive function, supporting our personal memories and enabling learning and academic results. Its study in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is mainly behavioral, with heterogeneous results or underexplored domains. In this perspective, we present in this thesis the results of a meta-analysis of memory in ASD, behavioral results on event-based prospective memory, and preliminary results in electroencephalography (EEG). Results of the meta-analysis suggest overall difficulties in memory in ASD, but higher performance when greater overlap between the memory tasks and the semantic memory system, i.e. episodic memory, verbal material, supported retrieval (cued recall, recognition). We identify difficulties in event-based prospective memory, and verbal compensatory strategies. Study of Event Related Potentials in the EEG task suggests difficulties in visual associative memory that may result from a diminution in the early integration of perceptual visual and semantic information. Together, these results suggest some memory difficulties that may result from under-connectivity in ASD. By contrast, preserved memory domains are important, and may be associated on the cognitive level, with a greater overlap of the memory tasks with the semantic memory system, and on the physiological level, with networks of preserved connectivity
Grundy, Peter C. "D Z Phillips and the Wittgensteinian grammar of 'God is love'." Phd thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150525.
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