Journal articles: 'Contributions in semantics'

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MARYNISSEN, SIMON, BART BOGAERTS, and MARC DENECKER. "Exploiting Game Theory for Analysing Justifications." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 20, no. 6 (September 22, 2020): 880–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068420000186.

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AbstractJustification theory is a unifying semantic framework. While it has its roots in non-monotonic logics, it can be applied to various areas in computer science, especially in explainable reasoning; its most central concept is a justification: an explanation why a property holds (or does not hold) in a model.In this paper, we continue the study of justification theory by means of three major contributions. The first is studying the relation between justification theory and game theory. We show that justification frameworks can be seen as a special type of games. The established connection provides the theoretical foundations for our next two contributions. The second contribution is studying under which condition two different dialects of justification theory (graphs as explanations vs trees as explanations) coincide. The third contribution is establishing a precise criterion of when a semantics induced by justification theory yields consistent results. In the past proving that such semantics were consistent took cumbersome and elaborate proofs.We show that these criteria are indeed satisfied for all common semantics of logic programming.

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Bentin, Shlomo. "Right Hemisphere Contributions to Lexical Semantics." Language and Speech 32, no. 1 (January 1989): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002383098903200104.

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Pietarinen, Ahti-Veikko. "Peirce’s Contributions to Possible-Worlds Semantics." Studia Logica 82, no. 3 (April 2006): 345–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11225-006-8102-1.

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Feyereisen, Pierre. "Right hemisphere contributions to lexical semantics." Neuropsychologia 27, no. 10 (January 1989): 1311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0028-3932(89)90044-4.

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Lawson, Harold “Bud”, and Mats Persson. "7.4.1 Contributions Towards Unifying System Semantics." INCOSE International Symposium 20, no. 1 (July 2010): 973–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2334-5837.2010.tb01118.x.

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Boleda, Gemma, and Aurélie Herbelot. "Formal Distributional Semantics: Introduction to the Special Issue." Computational Linguistics 42, no. 4 (December 2016): 619–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00261.

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Formal Semantics and Distributional Semantics are two very influential semantic frameworks in Computational Linguistics. Formal Semantics is based on a symbolic tradition and centered around the inferential properties of language. Distributional Semantics is statistical and data-driven, and focuses on aspects of meaning related to descriptive content. The two frameworks are complementary in their strengths, and this has motivated interest in combining them into an overarching semantic framework: a “Formal Distributional Semantics.” Given the fundamentally different natures of the two paradigms, however, building an integrative framework poses significant theoretical and engineering challenges. The present issue of Computational Linguistics advances the state of the art in Formal Distributional Semantics; this introductory article explains the motivation behind it and summarizes the contributions of previous work on the topic, providing the necessary background for the articles that follow.

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Burge, Tyler. "Some Remarks on Putnam's Contributions to Semantics." Theoria 79, no. 3 (August 1, 2013): 229–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/theo.12016.

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Luo, Qiongpeng, and Zhiguo Xie. "Degrees as nominalized properties: evidence from differential verbal comparatives in Mandarin Chinese." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 61 (January 1, 2018): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.61.2018.486.

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Whether degrees should be modeled as simple semantic primitives or ontologicallycomplex entities has been an issue in recent formal semantic research. This article aims tomake a contribution to this scholarly enterprise by investigating the Differential VerbalComparative (DVC) construction in Chinese. DVCs exhibit peculiar properties : (i)obligatory differentials, and (ii) DPs as differentials(e.g., liang ben xiaoshuo ‘two CL novel’).We propose that a degree is the entity correlate of a property that is formed on the basis of ameasure, akin to Chierchia-style kind. This new kind of degree, coupled with a differencefunction-based semantics for comparatives, correctly predicts the behaviors of DVCs whichwould otherwise remain formally inscrutable. This article’s contributions are twofold: (i) itprovides direct support for the degree-as-kind analysis by extending its empirical scope; and(ii) by combining degrees as kinds with a difference function-based semantics, it representsan improvement over the previous degree-as-kind analysis based on linear ordering.Keywords: comparatives, degrees, kinds, Mandarin Chinese, differential verbalcomparatives.

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Van Harmelen, Frank, James A. Hendler, Pascal Hitzler, and Krzysztof Janowicz. "Semantics for Big Data." AI Magazine 36, no. 1 (March 25, 2015): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v36i1.2559.

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This editorial introduction summarizes the seven guest-edited contributions to AI Magazine that explore opportunities and challenges arising from transferring and adapting semantic web technologies to the big data quest.

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Levi, Giorgio, and Catuscia Palamidessi. "Contributions to the semantics of logic perpetual processes." Acta Informatica 25, no. 6 (August 1988): 691–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00291055.

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Noppeney, Uta. "The sensory-motor theory of semantics: Evidence from functional imaging." Language and Cognition 1, no. 2 (June 2009): 249–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/langcog.2009.012.

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AbstractThis review discusses the contributions of functional imaging (fMRI/PET) to our understanding of how semantic concepts are represented and processed in the human brain. The sensory-motor theory of semantic memory suggests that semantic processing relies on reactivation of sensory-motor representations that were involved in perception and action. More specifically, it attributes an apparent category-specific (e.g. tool vs. animals) organization of semantics to anatomical segregation for different semantic features (e.g. action vs. visual). Within this framework, we will review functional imaging evidence that semantic processing of tools and actions may rely on activations within the visuo-motor system.

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Getir, Sinem, Moharram Challenger, and Geylani Kardas. "The Formal Semantics of a Domain-Specific Modeling Language for Semantic Web Enabled Multi-Agent Systems." International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems 23, no. 03 (August 14, 2014): 1450005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218843014500051.

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Development of agent systems is without question a complex task when autonomous, reactive and proactive characteristics of agents are considered. Furthermore, internal agent behavior model and interaction within the agent organizations become even more complex and hard to implement when new requirements and interactions for new agent environments such as the Semantic Web are taken into account. We believe that the use of both domain specific modeling and a Domain-specific Modeling Language (DSML) may provide the required abstraction and support a more fruitful methodology for the development of Multi-agent Systems (MASs) especially when they are working on the Semantic Web environment. Although syntax definition based on a metamodel is an essential part of a modeling language, an additional and required part would be the determination and implementation of DSML constraints that constitute the (formal) semantics which cannot be defined solely with a metamodel. Hence, in this paper, formal semantics of a MAS DSML called Semantic Web enabled Multi-agent Systems (SEA_ML) is introduced. SEA_ML is a modeling language for agent systems that specifically takes into account the interactions of semantic web agents with semantic web services. What is more, SEA_ML also supports the modeling of semantic agents from their internals to MAS perspective. Based on the defined abstract and concrete syntax definitions, we first give the formal representation of SEA_ML's semantics and then discuss its use on MAS validation. In order to define and implement semantics of SEA_ML, we employ Alloy language which is declarative and has a strong description capability originating from both relational and first-order logic in order to easily define complex structures and behaviors of these systems. Differentiating from similar contributions of other researchers on formal semantics definition for MAS development languages, SEA_ML's semantics, presented in this paper, defines both static and dynamic aspects of the interaction between software agents and semantic web services, in addition to the definition of the semantics already required for agent internals and MAS communication. Implementation with Alloy makes definition of SEA_ML's semantics to include relations and sets with a simple notation for MAS model definitions. We discuss how the automatic analysis and hence checking of SEA_ML models can be realized with the defined semantics. Design of an agent-based electronic barter system is exemplified in order to give some flavor of the use of SEA_ML's formal semantics. Lessons learned during the development of such a MAS DSML semantics are also reported in this paper.

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Ackerman, Farrell, and John Moore. "Valence and the Semantics of Causativization." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 20, no. 1 (October 25, 1994): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v20i1.1481.

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Bruni, Roberto, Ugo Montanari, and Francesca Rossi. "An interactive semantics of logic programming." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 1, no. 6 (November 2001): 647–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068401000035.

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We apply to logic programming some recently emerging ideas from the field of reductionbased communicating systems, with the aim of giving evidence of the hidden interactions and the coordination mechanisms that rule the operational machinery of such a programming paradigm. The semantic framework we have chosen for presenting our results is tile logic, which has the advantage of allowing a uniform treatment of goals and observations and of applying abstract categorical tools for proving the results. As main contributions, we mention the finitary presentation of abstract unification, and a concurrent and coordinated abstract semantics consistent with the most common semantics of logic programming. Moreover, the compositionality of the tile semantics is guaranteed by standard results, as it reduces to check that the tile systems associated to logic programs enjoy the tile decomposition property. An extension of the approach for handling constraint systems is also discussed.

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Rojo López, Ana María. "Applying Frame Semantics to Translation: A Practical Example." Meta 47, no. 3 (August 30, 2004): 312–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/008018ar.

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Abstract This work intends to illustrate some of the contributions the semantic theory known as ‘Frame Semantics’ can make to the translation of cultural elements. The study starts by defining the objectives and basic concepts that constitute our model of analysis. Secondly, a typology of frames for the analysis of our examples is proposed. Later on, this typology is applied to the analysis of a number of examples extracted from David Lodge’s novel Small World and its translation into Spanish El Mundo es un Pañuelo. Finally, we summarize the main conclusion of the study.

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DOU, DEJING, HAN QIN, and PAEA LEPENDU. "ONTOGRATE: TOWARDS AUTOMATIC INTEGRATION FOR RELATIONAL DATABASES AND THE SEMANTIC WEB THROUGH AN ONTOLOGY-BASED FRAMEWORK." International Journal of Semantic Computing 04, no. 01 (March 2010): 123–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793351x10000961.

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Integrating existing relational databases with ontology-based systems is among the important research problems for the Semantic Web. We have designed a comprehensive framework called OntoGrate which combines a highly automatic mapping system, a logic inference engine, and several syntax wrappers that inter-operate with consistent semantics to answer ontology-based queries using the data from heterogeneous databases. There are several major contributions of our OntoGrate research: (i) we designed an ontology-based framework that provides a unified semantics for mapping discovery and query translation by transforming database schemas to Semantic Web ontologies; (ii) we developed a highly automatic ontology mapping system which leverages object reconciliation and multi-relational data mining techniques; (iii) we developed an inference-based query translation algorithm and several syntax wrappers which can translate queries and answers between relational databases and the Semantic Web. The testing results of our implemented OntoGrate system in different domains show that the large amount of data in relational databases can be directly utilized for answering Semantic Web queries rather than first converting all relational data into RDF or OWL.

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Zhou, Rong Fu, Luan Yang, Li Hua Wang, and Quan Jiang Sun. "User Oriented Semi-Supervised Document Clustering." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 1523–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.1523.

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In many text mining applications, it is needed to cluster documents according to demand of users. However, Traditional documents clustering that use unsupervised learning are not able to meet this demand. In this paper, a new clustering approach that focuses on the problem is proposed. Main contributions include: (1) Expresses user requirement by topic with multiple attributes (2) Annotates topic semantic by ontology, calculate dissimilarity between topic semantics and build dissimilarity matrix. Experiments show that new approach is effective.

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Consel, Charles, and Siau Cheng Khoo. "On-line and off-line partial evaluation: semantic specifications and correctness proofs." Journal of Functional Programming 5, no. 4 (October 1995): 461–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956796800001453.

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AbstractThis paper presents semantic specifications and correctness proofs for both on-line and offline partial evaluation of strict first-order functional programs. To do so, our strategy consists of defining a core semantics as a basis for the specification of three non-standard evaluations: instrumented evaluation, on-line and off-line partial evaluation. We then use the technique of logical relations to prove the correctness of both on-line and off-line partial evaluation semantics.The contributions of this work are as follows:1. We provide a uniform framework to defining and proving correct both on-line and off-line partial evaluation.2. This work required a formal specification of on-line partial evaluation with polyvariant specialization. We define criteria for its correctness with respect to an instrumented standard semantics. As a by-product, on-line partial evaluation appears to be based on a fixpoint iteration process, just like binding-time analysis.3. We show that binding-time analysis, the preprocessing phase of off-line partial evaluation, is an abstraction of on-line partial evaluation. Therefore, its correctness can be proved with respect to on-line partial evaluation, instead of with respect to the standard semantics, as is customarily done.4. Based on the binding-time analysis, we formally derive the specialization semantics for off-line partial evaluation. This strategy ensures the correctness of the resulting semantics.

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Niepokuj, Mary. "Reconstructing Semantics; Or, A Bad Case of the Bends." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 20, no. 1 (October 25, 1994): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v20i1.1465.

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Zach, Richard. "Completeness Before Post: Bernays, Hilbert, and the Development of Propositional Logic." Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 5, no. 3 (September 1999): 331–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/421184.

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AbstractSome of the most important developments of symbolic logic took place in the 1920s. Foremost among them are the distinction between syntax and semantics and the formulation of questions of completeness and decidability of logical systems. David Hilbert and his students played a very important part in these developments. Their contributions can be traced to unpublished lecture notes and other manuscripts by Hilbert and Bernays dating to the period 1917–1923. The aim of this paper is to describe these results, focussing primarily on propositional logic, and to put them in their historical context. It is argued that truth-value semantics, syntactic (“Post-”) and semantic completeness, decidability, and other results were first obtained by Hilbert and Bernays in 1918, and that Bernays's role in their discovery and the subsequent development of mathematical logic is much greater than has so far been acknowledged.

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Di Scala, Sofía J. "Fiction and reference: Goodmanian contributions to a semantics of fictional terms." Enrahonar. Quaderns de filosofia 49 (September 20, 2012): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/enrahonar/v49.87.

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Costantini, Stefania. "Contributions to the stable model semantics of logic programs with negation." Theoretical Computer Science 149, no. 2 (October 1995): 231–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(94)00259-l.

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Lutfallah, Susan, Candice Fast, Chitra Rangan, and Lori Buchanan. "Semantic neighbourhoods." Mental Lexicon 13, no. 3 (December 31, 2018): 388–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.18015.lut.

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Abstract The contributions of semantic processing have come under increasing attention in recent years (Yap, Pexman, Wellsby, Hargreaves, & Huff, 2012), and variables that measure the semantic content of words are a requirement of this increased experimental attention. The density and size of semantic neighborhoods derived from computational models have been shown to predict reaction times across a range of psycholinguistic tasks (e.g., Danguecan & Buchanan, 2016), and the distance between two words in semantic space has been shown to predict priming (Kenett, Levi, Anaki & Faust, 2017). The data to support the construction of stimulus sets that use these variables are complicated to obtain. The app that we describe here makes these measures of semantics available for 100,000 English words.

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Agha, Asif. "The Semantics and Pragmatics of Verb Classifiers in Urdu-Hindi." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 20, no. 1 (October 25, 1994): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v20i1.1474.

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FRANCEZ, NISSIM, and GILAD BEN-AVI. "PROOF-THEORETIC SEMANTIC VALUES FOR LOGICAL OPERATORS." Review of Symbolic Logic 4, no. 3 (September 2011): 466–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755020311000098.

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The paper proposes a semantic value for the logical constants (connectives and quantifiers) within the framework of proof-theoretic semantics, basic meaning on the introduction rules of a meaning conferring natural deduction proof system. The semantic value is defined based on Frege’s Context Principle, by taking “contributions” to sentential meanings as determined by the function-argument structure as induced by a type-logical grammar. In doing so, the paper proposes a novel proof-theoretic interpretation of the semantic types, traditionally interpreted in Henkin models. The compositionality of the resulting attribution of semantic values is discussed. Elsewhere, the same method was used for defining proof-theoretic meaning of subsentential phrases in a fragment of natural language. Doing the same for (the simpler and clearer case of) logic sheds more light on the proposal.

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Ke, Zunwang, Zhe Li, Chenzhi Zhou, Jiabao Sheng, Wushour Silamu, and Qinglang Guo. "Rumor Detection on Social Media via Fused Semantic Information and a Propagation Heterogeneous Graph." Symmetry 12, no. 11 (October 31, 2020): 1806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12111806.

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Social media had a revolutionary impact because it provides an ideal platform for share information; however, it also leads to the publication and spreading of rumors. Existing rumor detection methods have relied on finding cues from only user-generated content, user profiles, or the structures of wide propagation. However, the previous works have ignored the organic combination of wide dispersion structures in rumor detection and text semantics. To this end, we propose KZWANG, a framework for rumor detection that provides sufficient domain knowledge to classify rumors accurately, and semantic information and a propagation heterogeneous graph are symmetry fused together. We utilize an attention mechanism to learn a semantic representation of text and introduce a GCN to capture the global and local relationships among all the source microblogs, reposts, and users. An organic combination of text semantics and propagating heterogeneous graphs is then used to train a rumor detection classifier. Experiments on Sina Weibo, Twitter15, and Twitter16 rumor detection datasets demonstrate the proposed model’s superiority over baseline methods. We also conduct an ablation study to understand the relative contributions of the various aspects of the method we proposed.

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KRÄMER, BERND J., and TIZIANA MARGARIA. "A HINDSIGHT ON FORMAL METHODS AND PROSPECTS OF SEMANTIC COMPUTING IN SOFTWARE ENGINEERING." International Journal of Semantic Computing 03, no. 01 (March 2009): 5–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793351x09000641.

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New research activities sailing under the brands of semantic web, semantic web service, and semantic computing have extended, and partly also confused the classical meaning of the term semantics as the software engineering community established it in the last century. In this article we try to shed some light on the different connotations of meaning with this word. We reflect on the role of semantic definitions and formally defined specifications, modeling and programming languages in software engineering activities. We sketch formally defined construction and validation methods, and discuss contributions of tools that exploit semantic information to enhance the quality of software products and development processes. We explore recent work on the use of semantic computing technology in software engineering and discuss opportunities for successful future applications. We conclude with an outlook on the potential of service-oriented computing to change the way software applications are designed, laid out, delivered, and used.

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Castelluccio, Brian C., Emily B. Myers, Jillian M. Schuh, and Inge-Marie Eigsti. "Neural Substrates of Processing Anger in Language: Contributions of Prosody and Semantics." Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 45, no. 6 (December 8, 2015): 1359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10936-015-9405-z.

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Carver, Daniel E. "The Past Time Uses of the Imperfect in the Aramaic of Daniel." Aramaic Studies 19, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 155–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17455227-bja10022.

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Abstract In the Aramaic of Daniel, the imperfect expresses past situations 29 times. Scholars have long wrestled with these past time uses, and although important contributions have been made along the way, one of the most salient semantic issues that arise with these uses—the semantic intersection of imperfective aspect and telicity—has been overlooked. This study addresses this issue directly by providing a linguistic analysis of the past imperfective uses of the imperfect that describes their semantics in light of situation aspect and (un)boundedness. This study also describes the past modal use of the imperfect, and offers a linguistic explanation for how the imperfect acquired such a use. Ultimately, this study provides a linguistic analysis of the past time uses of the imperfect that fosters more artful and nuanced readings of the text in light of its semantic and functional sophistication.

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Atkins, B. T. S. "Analyzing the Verbs of Seeing: A Frame Semantics Approach to Corpus Lexicography." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 20, no. 1 (October 25, 1994): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v20i1.1440.

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Georgakopoulos, Thanasis, and Stéphane Polis. "New avenues and challenges in semantic map research (with a case study in the semantic field of emotions)." Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft 41, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfs-2021-2039.

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Abstract In this paper, we present an overview of the methods associated with semantic maps, focusing on current challenges and new avenues for research in this area, which are at the core of the contributions to this special issue. Among the fundamental questions are: (1) the validity of the basic assumption, namely, to what extent does coexpression reflect semantic similarity; (2) the central problem of identifying analytical primitives in the domain of semantics; (3) the methods of inference used for creating coexpression maps and the representation techniques (graph structure vs. Euclidean space) as well as their respective merits (including the goodness of fit of the models); and (4) the use of semantic maps to support diachronic and synchronic descriptions of individual languages. In order to illustrate and discuss key aspects, we conduct an experiment in the semantic field of emotions, for which we construct a classical semantic map based on the dataset of CLICS3.

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Lifschitz, Vladimir. "Answer Sets and the Language of Answer Set Programming." AI Magazine 37, no. 3 (October 7, 2016): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v37i3.2670.

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Answer set programming is a declarative programming paradigm based on the answer set semantics of logic programs. This introductory article provides the mathematical background for the discussion of answer set programming in other contributions to this special issue.

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Martin, James R., Yanmei Gao, Hanbing Li, Chengfang Song, and Minglong Wei. "Martin on discourse semantics, genre, educational linguistics." Language, Context and Text 3, no. 2 (October 15, 2021): 367–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/langct.20003.mar.

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Abstract J. R. Martin is a leading scholar who has greatly developed the theoretical framework of systemic functional linguistics (SFL) over the past four decades. Some of these contributions, such as the systems of discourse semantics, the appraisal framework and genre relations have been widely applied in various areas of linguistic studies and language education. The educational linguistic model he and his colleagues have cultivated and developed has attracted the attention of more and more educators from different disciplines around the globe. In this interview, he firstly elaborates on the significance of the concepts of discourse semantics, grammatical metaphor and genre. Then he continues with applications of genre theory in secondary school education, language maintenance, the relation and collaboration between Legitimation Code Theory (LCT) and SFL, and how the two paradigms complement each other. Finally, he introduces some of his recent collaborations with grammarians of different languages.

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Wright, P., E. A. Stamatakis, and L. K. Tyler. "Differentiating Hemispheric Contributions to Syntax and Semantics in Patients with Left-Hemisphere Lesions." Journal of Neuroscience 32, no. 24 (June 13, 2012): 8149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0485-12.2012.

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Schumann, Andrew. "Judgments and Truth: Essays in Honour of Jan Woleński." Studia Humana 9, no. 3-4 (October 1, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sh-2020-0024.

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Abstract It is a Preface to Volume 9:3/4 that has brought a renewed focus to the role of truth conceptions in frameworks of semantics and logic. Jan Woleński is known due to his works on epistemological aspects of logic and his systematization of semantic truth theory. He became the successor and the worthy continuer of prominent Polish logicians: Alfred Tarski and Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz. This volume is collected on the 80th anniversary of Woleński’s birth and draws together new research papers devoted to judgments and truth. These papers take measure of the scope and impact of Woleński’s views on truth conceptions, and present new contributions to the field of philosophy and logic.

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KLEINSCHMIDT, SHIEVA. "Simple Trinitarianism and empty names." Religious Studies 54, no. 3 (May 9, 2018): 325–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034412518000288.

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AbstractAccording to Simple Trinitarianism, God is mereologically simple, and the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are not identified with any entities in our ontology. Thus the Simple Trinitarian is able to avoid conflating Persons or multiplying Gods, and does not have to identify the Persons with minor entities or entities partly disjoint from God. However, to maintain that Trinitarian sentences are nonetheless true, the Simple Trinitarian will need a non-standard semantics. I explore one option for this, involving taking ‘the Father’, ‘the Son’, and ‘the Holy Spirit’ to be empty names. By adopting a positive, Free Logic, we can take these names to make semantic contributions and play roles in true sentences, while blocking problematic inferences.

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Lapesa, Gabriella, Lea Kawaletz, Ingo Plag, Marios Andreou, Max Kisselew, and Sebastian Padó. "Disambiguation of newly derived nominalizations in context: A Distributional Semantics approach." Word Structure 11, no. 3 (November 2018): 277–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2018.0131.

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One of the central problems in the semantics of derived words is polysemy (see, for example, the recent contributions by Lieber 2016 and Plag et al. 2018 ). In this paper, we tackle the problem of disambiguating newly derived words in context by applying Distributional Semantics ( Firth 1957 ) to deverbal -ment nominalizations (e.g. bedragglement, emplacement).We collected a dataset containing contexts of low frequency deverbal -ment nominalizations (55 types, 406 tokens, see Appendix B) extracted from large corpora such as the Corpus of Contemporary American English. We chose low frequency derivatives because high frequency formations are often lexicalized and thus tend to not exhibit the kind of polysemous readings we are interested in. Furthermore, disambiguating low-frequency words presents an especially difficult task because there is little to no prior knowledge about these words from which their semantic properties can be extrapolated.The data was manually annotated according to eventive vs. non-eventive interpretations, allowing also an ambiguous label in those cases where the context did not disambiguate. Our question then was to what extent, and under which conditions, context-derived representations such as those of Distributional Semantics can be successfully employed in the disambiguation of low-frequency derivatives.Our results show that, first, our models are able to distinguish between eventive and non-eventive readings with some success. Second, very small context windows are sufficient to find the intended interpretation in the majority of cases. Third, ambiguous instances tend to be classified as events. Fourth, the performance of the classifier differed for different subcategories of nouns, with non-eventive derivatives being harder to classify correctly. We present indirect evidence that this is due to the semantic similarity of abstract non-eventive nouns to eventive nouns. Overall, this paper demonstrates that distributional semantic models can be fruitfully employed for the disambiguation of low frequency words in spite of the scarcity of available contextual information.1

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Cricri, Francesco, Kostadin Dabov, Mikko J. Roininen, Sujeet Mate, Igor D. D. Curcio, and Moncef Gabbouj. "Multimodal Semantics Extraction from User-Generated Videos." Advances in Multimedia 2012 (2012): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/292064.

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User-generated video content has grown tremendously fast to the point of outpacing professional content creation. In this work we develop methods that analyze contextual information of multiple user-generated videos in order to obtain semantic information about public happenings (e.g., sport and live music events) being recorded in these videos. One of the key contributions of this work is a joint utilization of different data modalities, including such captured by auxiliary sensors during the video recording performed by each user. In particular, we analyze GPS data, magnetometer data, accelerometer data, video- and audio-content data. We use these data modalities to infer information about the event being recorded, in terms of layout (e.g., stadium), genre, indoor versus outdoor scene, and the main area of interest of the event. Furthermore we propose a method that automatically identifies the optimal set of cameras to be used in a multicamera video production. Finally, we detect the camera users which fall within the field of view of other cameras recording at the same public happening. We show that the proposed multimodal analysis methods perform well on various recordings obtained in real sport events and live music performances.

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Geary, Jonathan, and Adam Ussishkin. "Morphological priming without semantic relationship in Hebrew spoken word recognition." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 4, no. 1 (March 15, 2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v4i1.4509.

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We report on an auditory masked priming study designed to test the contributions of semantics and morphology to spoken word recognition in Hebrew. Thirty-one native Hebrew speakers judged the lexicality of Hebrew words that were primed by words which either share their root morpheme and a transparent semantic relationship with the target (e.g. poreʦ פּורץ ‘burglar’ priming priʦa פּריצה ‘burglary’) or share their root morpheme but lack a transparent semantic relationship with the target (e.g. mifraʦ מפרץ ‘gulf’ priming priʦa פּריצה ‘burglary’). We found facilitatory priming by both types of morphological relatives, supporting that semantic overlap is not required for morphological priming in Hebrew spoken word recognition. Thus, our results extend the findings of Frost, Forster, & Deutsch’s (1997) Experiment 5 to the auditory modality, while avoiding confounds between root priming and Hebrew’s abjad orthography associated with the visual masked priming paradigm. Further, our results are inconsistent with models of word processing which treat morphological priming as reflecting form and semantic coactivation, and instead support an independent role for root morphology in Hebrew lexical processing.

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Nieuwland, Mante S., and Jos J. A. Van Berkum. "When Peanuts Fall in Love: N400 Evidence for the Power of Discourse." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 18, no. 7 (July 2006): 1098–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2006.18.7.1098.

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In linguistic theories of how sentences encode meaning, a distinction is often made between the context-free rule-based combination of lexical-semantic features of the words within a sentence (“semantics”), and the contributions made by wider context (“pragmatics”). In psycholinguistics, this distinction has led to the view that listeners initially compute a local, context-independent meaning of a phrase or sentence before relating it to the wider context. An important aspect of such a two-step perspective on interpretation is that local semantics cannot initially be overruled by global contextual factors. In two spoken-language event-related potential experiments, we tested the viability of this claim by examining whether discourse context can overrule the impact of the core lexical-semantic feature animacy, considered to be an innate organizing principle of cognition. Two-step models of interpretation predict that verb-object animacy violations, as in “The girl comforted the clock,” will always perturb the unfolding interpretation process, regardless of wider context. When presented in isolation, such anomalies indeed elicit a clear N400 effect, a sign of interpretive problems. However, when the anomalies were embedded in a supportive context (e.g., a girl talking to a clock about his depression), this N400 effect disappeared completely. Moreover, given a suitable discourse context (e.g., a story about an amorous peanut), animacy-violating predicates (“the peanut was in love”) were actually processed more easily than canonical predicates (“the peanut was salted”). Our findings reveal that discourse context can immediately overrule local lexical-semantic violations, and therefore suggest that language comprehension does not involve an initially context-free semantic analysis.

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Ni, Weijia. "Sidestepping Garden Paths: Assessing the Contributions of Syntax, Semantics and Plausibility in Resolving Ambiguities." Language and Cognitive Processes 11, no. 3 (June 1996): 283–334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/016909696387196.

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Vieira, R., A. F. Moreira, M. Wooldridge, and R. H. Bordini. "On the Formal Semantics of Speech-Act Based Communication in an Agent-Oriented Programming Language." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 29 (June 30, 2007): 221–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.2221.

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Research on agent communication languages has typically taken the speech acts paradigm as its starting point. Despite their manifest attractions, speech-act models of communication have several serious disadvantages as a foundation for communication in artificial agent systems. In particular, it has proved to be extremely difficult to give a satisfactory semantics to speech-act based agent communication languages. In part, the problem is that speech-act semantics typically make reference to the "mental states" of agents (their beliefs, desires, and intentions), and there is in general no way to attribute such attitudes to arbitrary computational agents. In addition, agent programming languages have only had their semantics formalised for abstract, stand-alone versions, neglecting aspects such as communication primitives. With respect to communication, implemented agent programming languages have tended to be rather ad hoc. This paper addresses both of these problems, by giving semantics to speech-act based messages received by an AgentSpeak agent. AgentSpeak is a logic-based agent programming language which incorporates the main features of the PRS model of reactive planning systems. The paper builds upon a structural operational semantics to AgentSpeak that we developed in previous work. The main contributions of this paper are as follows: an extension of our earlier work on the theoretical foundations of AgentSpeak interpreters; a computationally grounded semantics for (the core) performatives used in speech-act based agent communication languages; and a well-defined extension of AgentSpeak that supports agent communication.

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Ellis, Nick C., Matthew B. O’Donnell, and Ute Römer. "Second language verb-argument constructions are sensitive to form, function, frequency, contingency, and prototypicality." Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 4, no. 4 (December 8, 2014): 405–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lab.4.4.01ell.

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We used free association tasks to investigate second language (L2) verb-argument constructions (VACs) and the ways in which their access is sensitive to statistical patterns of usage (verb type-token frequency distribution, VAC-verb contingency, verb-VAC semantic prototypicality). 131 German, 131 Spanish, and 131 Czech advanced L2 learners of English generated the first word that came to mind to fill the V slot in 40 sparse VAC frames such as ‘he __ across the …’, ‘it __ of the …’, etc. For each VAC, we compared these results with corpus analyses of verb selection preferences in 100 million words of usage and with the semantic network structure of the verbs in these VACs. For all language groups, multiple regression analyses predicting the frequencies of verb types generated for each VAC show independent contributions of (i) verb frequency in the VAC, (ii) VAC-verb contingency, and (iii) verb prototypicality in terms of centrality within the VAC semantic network. L2 VAC processing involves rich associations, tuned by verb type and token frequencies and their contingencies of usage, which interface syntax, lexis, and semantics.

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Cheng, Shuli, Liejun Wang, and Anyu Du. "Deep Semantic-Preserving Reconstruction Hashing for Unsupervised Cross-Modal Retrieval." Entropy 22, no. 11 (November 7, 2020): 1266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22111266.

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Deep hashing is the mainstream algorithm for large-scale cross-modal retrieval due to its high retrieval speed and low storage capacity, but the problem of reconstruction of modal semantic information is still very challenging. In order to further solve the problem of unsupervised cross-modal retrieval semantic reconstruction, we propose a novel deep semantic-preserving reconstruction hashing (DSPRH). The algorithm combines spatial and channel semantic information, and mines modal semantic information based on adaptive self-encoding and joint semantic reconstruction loss. The main contributions are as follows: (1) We introduce a new spatial pooling network module based on tensor regular-polymorphic decomposition theory to generate rank-1 tensor to capture high-order context semantics, which can assist the backbone network to capture important contextual modal semantic information. (2) Based on optimization perspective, we use global covariance pooling to capture channel semantic information and accelerate network convergence. In feature reconstruction layer, we use two bottlenecks auto-encoding to achieve visual-text modal interaction. (3) In metric learning, we design a new loss function to optimize model parameters, which can preserve the correlation between image modalities and text modalities. The DSPRH algorithm is tested on MIRFlickr-25K and NUS-WIDE. The experimental results show that DSPRH has achieved better performance on retrieval tasks.

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Bloch, Tanya. "Connecting research on semantic enrichment of BIM - review of approaches, methods and possible applications." Journal of Information Technology in Construction 27 (April 20, 2022): 416–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.36680/j.itcon.2022.020.

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Semantic enrichment of BIM models is a process designed to add meaningful semantics to the information represented in a building model. Although semantic enrichment provides a valuable opportunity for BIM technology to reach its full potential, it is considered an emergent field of research. As such, the body of knowledge on the subject is incomplete and lacks formal definition of the process, possible applications, contributions, and computational approaches. In this work, an extensive literature review is performed to begin forming the body of knowledge in this field. A bibliometric analysis of relevant publications is implemented to identify previously explored approaches and methods for enrichment. Papers describing previous work in the field demonstrate the application of semantic enrichment to building information stored in accordance to the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) schema as well as based on a web ontology. A detailed content analysis illustrates the benefits of semantic enrichment for various tasks in the BIM domain, including improvement of data exchange routines, design analysis and processing data obtained by remote sensing techniques. A formal definition for "semantic enrichment of BIM" is suggested based on the common features identified during the literature review. This work discusses the significance of semantic enrichment to a BIM workflow, pinpoints its current research gaps and describes direction for future research.

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Comrie, Bernard, Veronika Ehrich, and Heinz Vater. "Temporalsemantik: Beiträge zur Linguistik der Zeitreferenz [Temporal semantics: Contributions to the Linguistics of Time Reference.]." Language 65, no. 4 (December 1989): 885. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/414962.

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Sambre, Paul. "Framing from grammar to application." Framing 24 (December 10, 2010): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bjl.24.00int.

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This thematic issue of the BJL presents eight contributions on the notion of framing, ranging from theoretical to applied perspectives, and reflecting a range of issues on lexico-grammatical and discourse issues. More than forty years after Charles Fillmore’s (1968, 1977) seminal work on case grammar, the general objective of this volume is to show the vividness of the linguistic debate which arose out of Fillmore’s frame semantics. We do so both by bringing together a range of empirical materials reaching from strictly grammatical and lexical to discourse patterns, and by stimulating discussions with other, cognitively or socially oriented models and applications. More specifically, the contributions in this volume cluster around two axes. The first one concentrates on how a form-meaning model of language in frame semantics interacts not only with its ‘sister theory’ of construction grammar (Östman and Fried 2004: 5) and other cognitive frameworks, but also with work on framing from a social perspective. The second axis deals with applying these sister theories to objects and corpora of different dimensions, from lexico-grammatical issues at the sentence level to larger stretches of discourse.

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Lindemann, John Lennon. "SEMÂNTICA PARA PEJORATIVOS: CONTRA-ARGUMENTOS À INOCÊNCIA SEMÂNTICA." POLÊM!CA 18, no. 1 (July 16, 2018): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/polemica.2018.36068.

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Resumo: Os pejorativos tem sido objeto de uma crescente literatura em filosofia. Hom e May (2013) defendem a tese da Inocência Semântica para explicar a força depreciativa dos pejorativos, tese que recebeu ataques de Sennet e Copp (2014). O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar contribuições a esta discussão, defendendo a tese da Inocência Semântica dos ataques recebidos de Sennet e Copp (2014), mas apresentando um novo argumento contra suas pretensões, mostrando que a tese da Inocência Semântica falha em reconhecer o caráter depreciativo de injurias cuja contraparte neutra seja falsa.Palavras-chave: Semântica. Pejorativos. Injúrias.Abstract: The pejorative have been the object of a growing literature in philosophy. Hom and May (2013) defend the Semantic Innocence thesis to explain a depreciative force of the pejoratives, receiving attacks from Sennet and Copp (2014). The purpose of this article is to present contributions to this discussion, defending the Semantic Innocence thesis of the attacks received from Sennet and Copp (2014), but presenting a new argument against its pretensions, showing that the Semantic Innocence thesis fails to recognize the derogatory character of insults whose neutral counterpart is false. Keywords: Semantics. Pejorative. Injuries.

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Cordeiro, Silvio, Aline Villavicencio, Marco Idiart, and Carlos Ramisch. "Unsupervised Compositionality Prediction of Nominal Compounds." Computational Linguistics 45, no. 1 (March 2019): 1–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00341.

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Nominal compounds such as red wine and nut case display a continuum of compositionality, with varying contributions from the components of the compound to its semantics. This article proposes a framework for compound compositionality prediction using distributional semantic models, evaluating to what extent they capture idiomaticity compared to human judgments. For evaluation, we introduce data sets containing human judgments in three languages: English, French, and Portuguese. The results obtained reveal a high agreement between the models and human predictions, suggesting that they are able to incorporate information about idiomaticity. We also present an in-depth evaluation of various factors that can affect prediction, such as model and corpus parameters and compositionality operations. General crosslingual analyses reveal the impact of morphological variation and corpus size in the ability of the model to predict compositionality, and of a uniform combination of the components for best results.

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Oswald, Steve, Sara Greco, Johanna Miecznikowski, Chiara Pollaroli, and Andrea Rocci. "Argumentation and meaning." Journal of Argumentation in Context 9, no. 1 (May 4, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jaic.00005.osw.

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Abstract This special issue aims to explore the semantic and pragmatic dimensions of meaning in terms of their significance and relevance in the study of argumentation. Accordingly, the contributors to the project, who have all presented their work during the 2nd Argumentation and Language conference, which took place in Lugano in February 2018,1 have been specifically instructed to produce papers which explicitly tackle the importance of the study of meaning for that of argumentative practices. All papers therefore cover at least one aspect of this complex relationship between argumentation and meaning, which contributes to delivering a state-of-the-art panorama on the issue. Drawing from computational linguistics, semantics, pragmatics and discourse analysis, the contributions to this special issue will illuminate how the study of meaning in its different forms may provide valuable insights for the study of people’s argumentative practices in different contexts, ranging from the political to the private sphere. This introductory discussion tackles specific aspects of the intricate relationship between pragmatic inference and argumentative inference – that is, between meaning and argumentation –, provides a brief survey of existing interfaces between the study of meaning and that of argumentation, and concludes with a presentation of the contributions to this special issue.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Contributions in semantics'

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