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Molot, Lewis A., P. J. Dillon, and B. D. LaZerte. "Factors Affecting Alkalinity Concentrations of Streamwater during Snowmelt in Central Ontario." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 46, no. 10 (1989): 1658–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f89-211.
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Relative contributions of changes in base cations and acid anions to alkalinity decreases during spring snowmelt in 1984–86 were analyzed for 15 headwater streams and lake outflows in three central Ontario catchments. During episodes, concentration changes in ions which contributed to alkalinity decreases were partially offset by smaller changes in other ions which contributed to alkalinity increases. The major contributor to alkalinity depressions was base cation dilution by snowmelt water. Akalinity depressions were more likely to be dominated by SO42− increases in streams that were more acidic. Neither nitrate nor organic acid anions were significant contributors to alkalinity depressions. Discharge was highly correlated with alkalinity in a circumneutral stream but not in an acidic stream and is consistent with dilution being less important as a cause of alkalinity depressions as streams become more acidic.
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Fyhn, Tonje, Kristin Konglevoll Fjell, and Bjørn Helge Johnsen. "Resilience Factors Among Police Investigators: Hardiness-commitment a Unique Contributor." Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology 31, no. 4 (2015): 261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11896-015-9181-6.
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Smeraglio, Andrea, Paul A. Heidenreich, Gomathi Krishnan, Joseph Hopkins, Jonathan Chen, and Lisa Shieh. "Patient vs provider perspectives of 30-day hospital readmissions." BMJ Open Quality 8, no. 1 (2019): e000264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2017-000264.
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ObjectiveTo compare patients’ and providers’ views on contributors to 30-day hospital readmissions.DesignAnalysis of a qualitative interview survey between 18 May–30 June 2015.SettingInterviews were conducted during the 30-day readmission hospitalisation at a single tertiary care academic hospital.ParticipantsWe conducted 178 interviews of readmitted patients.MeasuresWe queried opinions of what factors patients believed contributed to their rehospitalisation and compared this with the perspective of the index admission provider. The primary outcome was the view that the readmission was preventable. A review by a RN (nurse) case manager also provided an assessment based on patient report, provider report and chart review.ResultsPatients were more likely to view a readmission as preventable compared with physicians (p<0.0001). Patients identified system issues (defined as factors controlled by the hospital discharge process) as contributors to their readmission in 58% (103/178) of cases while providers identified system issues as the contributor to a patients’ readmission in 2% (2/101) of cases. Patients with poor functional status were more likely to feel the cause of their readmission was due to system issues than patients with better functional status (p=0.03). A RN case manager review determined that in 48% (86/178) of cases the system had some amount of contribution to a patient’s readmission. There was no significant difference in belief that the readmission was preventable between the RN case manager and the patient (p=0.47).ConclusionsReadmitted patients often feel that the hospital system contributed to their readmission. Providers did not recognise patient and RN case manager identified issues as contributors to hospital readmissions.
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Tang, Julian W., and Tze Ping Loh. "Correlations between climate factors and incidence-a contributor to RSV seasonality." Reviews in Medical Virology 24, no. 1 (2013): 15–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rmv.1771.
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Yasrizal, Yasrizal, Ishak Hasan, and Yusnaidi Yusnaidi. "Reduction of Food Commodities Contributor Inflation on Household Welfare Changes in The Province of Aceh." AFEBI Islamic Finance and Economic Review 2, no. 02 (2018): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.47312/aifer.v2i02.112.
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<p>The relationship of inflation and poverty can be seen from the contribution of the commodity contributor poverty. Increases in the prices of commodities contributor to poverty led to declining real incomes and loss of income(incomeloss)households, causing poverty. Commodities contributor to poverty is dominated by food commodities. Rice and filter cigarettes are commodities contributor to poverty in Aceh most dominant. Model AIDS is a development of the Engel curve and Marshall equations derived from the theory of maximization of satisfaction. These models use a proportion of household expenditure on a commodity selected to represent variable demand. This research is empirical study. The data used are primary and secondary data obtained from field research and literature. Research will be located in Banda Aceh and Aceh Barat. Using the model of demand is almost ideal or model of AIDS will be seen household behavior in response to changes in commodity prices contributor of poverty. From these observations, the inflation rate of food commodities greatly affect the welfare of the people of Aceh province, both for household Banda Aceh and Meulaboh. Inflation of food commodities had a huge influence to reduce household welfare in Banda Aceh. Furthermore, the majority of households Meulaboh work in agriculture and fisheries. So it can meet its own needs and also be produksen. Many factors substitutes (goods substitution) and cultural factors affecting the level of price elasticity of the goods themselves for food commodities, changes in the elasticity of greater food in Banda Aceh than the district of Meulaboh.</p><p><br />Keywords: Elasticity, Food Commodities contributor to poverty, Inflation, Model of AIDS</p>
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Stanciu, Cristina E., M. Katherine Philpott, Eduardo E. Bustamante, Ye Jin Kwon, and Christopher J. Ehrhardt. "Analysis of red autofluorescence (650-670nm) in epidermal cell populations and its potential for distinguishing contributors to 'touch' biological samples." F1000Research 5 (February 16, 2016): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.8036.1.
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Interpretation of touch DNA mixtures poses a significant challenge for forensic caseworking laboratories. Front end techniques that facilitate separation of contributor cell populations before DNA extraction are a way to circumvent this problem. The goal of this study was to survey intrinsic fluorescence of epidermal cells collected from touch surfaces and investigate whether this property could potentially be used to discriminate between contributor cell populations in a biological mixture. Analysis of red autofluorescence (650-670nm) showed that some contributors could be distinguished on this basis. Variation was also observed between autofluorescence profiles of epidermal cell populations from a single contributor sampled on different days. This dataset suggests that red autofluorescence may be a useful marker for identifying distinct cell populations in some mixtures. Future efforts should continue to investigate the extrinsic or intrinsic factors contributing to this signature, and to identify additional biomarkers that could complement this system.
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Gurram, Harini, Yan Li, Jacqueline Zimmerman, Michael Manka, Alexandra Sals, and Rajesh N. Keswani. "Tu1168 MODIFIABLE LOGISTICAL FACTORS ARE A MAJOR CONTRIBUTOR TO INPATIENT COLONOSCOPY DELAYS." Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 91, no. 6 (2020): AB575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2020.03.3340.
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Li, Rui, Qiongqiong Wang, Xiao He, et al. "Source apportionment of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Shanghai based on hourly organic molecular markers and other source tracers." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 20 (2020): 12047–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12047-2020.
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Abstract. Identification of various emission sources and quantification of their contributions comprise an essential step in formulating scientifically sound pollution control strategies. Most previous studies have been based on traditional offline filter analysis of aerosol major components (usually inorganic ions, elemental carbon – EC, organic carbon – OC, and elements). In this study, source apportionment of PM2.5 using a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was conducted for urban Shanghai in the Yangtze River Delta region, China, utilizing a large suite of molecular and elemental tracers, together with water-soluble inorganic ions, OC, and EC from measurements conducted at two sites from 9 November to 3 December 2018. The PMF analysis with inclusion of molecular makers (i.e., MM-PMF) identified 11 pollution sources, including 3 secondary-source factors (i.e., secondary sulfate; secondary nitrate; and secondary organic aerosol, SOA, factors) and 8 primary sources (i.e., vehicle exhaust, industrial emission and tire wear, industrial emission II, residual oil combustion, dust, coal combustion, biomass burning, and cooking). The secondary sources contributed 62.5 % of the campaign-average PM2.5 mass, with the secondary nitrate factor being the leading contributor. Cooking was a minor contributor (2.8 %) to PM2.5 mass while a significant contributor (11.4 %) to the OC mass. Traditional PMF analysis relying on major components alone (PMFt) was unable to resolve three organics-dominated sources (i.e., biomass burning, cooking, and SOA source factors). Utilizing organic tracers, the MM-PMF analysis determined that these three sources combined accounted for 24.4 % of the total PM2.5 mass. In PMFt, this significant portion of PM mass was apportioned to other sources and thereby was notably biasing the source apportionment outcome. Backward trajectory and episodic analysis were performed on the MM-PMF-resolved source factors to examine the variations in source origins and composition. It was shown that under all episodes, secondary nitrate and the SOA factor were two major source contributors to the PM2.5 pollution. Our work has demonstrated that comprehensive hourly data of molecular markers and other source tracers, coupled with MM-PMF, enables examination of detailed pollution source characteristics, especially organics-dominated sources, at a timescale suitable for monitoring episodic evolution and with finer source breakdown.
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Khamis, N. K., Baba M. Deros, and Mohd Zaki Nuawi. "A Preliminary Study on Motorcyclists' Perceptions of Fatigue Risk Factors." Applied Mechanics and Materials 471 (December 2013): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.471.178.
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Fatigue can be defined as a feeling of drowsiness or sleepiness, tiredness, boredom, or an inability to focus and a mental sluggishness. The aim of the present study is to discover the general perceptions on fatigue risk factor of teenage motorcycle riders in an urban city in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Respondents provided feedback through questionnaires that were developed based on the Motorcycling Fatigue Model and other practices in existing empirical studies. In addition, the questionnaire highlights 18 statements that cover two main components, namely, vehicle or environment factors and rider factors. All the 60 respondents in this study habitually ride various types of motorcycles as their main transportation from and to their homes and offices. Findings indicate that poor road design is the primary contributor to fatigue, whereas driving early in the morning was the least contributor. Although the sample is quite small, the results of this study coincide with those of previous literature.
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Handiwibowo, Gogor Arif, Rini Puji Astuti, and Rita Ambarwati. "Conceptual Framework Performance Contributor from Internal Organizations of Corporate Social Responsibility Activities." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Technologies and Applications 2, no. 1 (2021): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/mechta.2021.002.01.10.
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In this 20th century era, the business environment is more demanding that a business organization not only have a profit orientation. However, aspects of the impact on the environment and surrounding communities must also receive adequate attention in line with the increasing quantity and quality of business organizations. The concept of sustainable development is proposed to be a concept that tries to provide a balanced effect between financial performance factors, community welfare factors and environmental sustainability factors. In balancing the three factors above, CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) activities of business organizations are expected to be the answer to the stigma that business organizations are only looking for profit. This paper will describe several hypotheses as well as a conceptual framework of factors originating from internal business organizations that have an impact on the performance of CSR activities. There are four factors that are proposed to be a hypothesis from the internal organization that must be fulfilled so that CSR activities show their performance. The four factors are fulfilment of human resources, fulfilment of the business organization's strategic vision, fulfilment of operating system implementation, and fulfilment of the business organization's financial capability.
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Misron, Siti Nor Fadhlina, Lukmanul Hakim Misron, and Ang Yit Chiang. "Acute Mania as an Essential Contributor for Failed Extubation in an Asthmatic Patient: A Case Report." Journal of Clinical and Health Sciences 6, no. 2 (2021): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jchs.v6i2.14944.
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Failed extubation is not uncommon in intensive care unit and are known to have high morbidity outcomes. The predictors are well-established and known to intensivist, but the complexity is to identify the contributors of these predictive factors. The failure to treat the contributing factors hampered the effort towards successful extubation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of acute mania as the essential contributor for failed extubation. This case report illustrates on how an acute mania state prompting an exacerbation of asthmatic attack due to the physical and emotional hyperarousal that ultimately led to the failed extubation.
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Sohn, Min, Heymin Oh, Sang-Kyu Lee, and Marc N. Potenza. "Suicidal Ideation and Related Factors Among Korean High School Students." Journal of School Nursing 34, no. 4 (2017): 310–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1059840517734290.
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The purpose of the study was to explore the association among suicidal ideation, cyber addiction, and school bullying of Korean high school students. This descriptive cross-sectional study included 416 students. The data were collected using structured questionnaires on suicidal ideation, Internet and smartphone addiction, experiences of school bullying, impulsiveness, and depression. Students who were bullied (odds ratio [ OR] = 3.0, 95% CI [1.1, 8.4]) and more depressed ( OR = 10.8, 95% CI [2.4, 48.2]) were more likely to have higher scores for suicidal ideation; however, when a lower stringency was used, female gender ( OR = 2.3, 95% CI [1.3, 4.0]) and addiction to smartphones ( OR = 2.4, 95% CI [1.1, 5.4]) were also statistically significant contributors to the presence of suicidal ideation. Students with suicidal ideation that is higher than average, but lower than the classical thresholds for risk group designation, should also be carefully assessed for early detection and intervention. Cyber addiction may be a particularly significant contributor to suicidal ideation, in addition to bullying and depressive mood, among Korean adolescents.
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Veerabhadrarao, Miriyala, Bhushan T. Patil, Vasim A. Shaikh, and D. S. S. Sudhakar. "Contribution of Factors such as Machining Parameters, MQL Nozzle Orientation (Angle & Distance) and MQL Nano-Fluid Type on Surface Finish of Turned Steel Work-Pieces Using DOE Approach." Materials Science Forum 1019 (January 2021): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1019.181.
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Study of input factors play a vital role in controlling of process responses such as surface finish, cutting temperature, energy consumption etc. in machining process. Design of Experiment (DOE) is one such tool used by researchers to identify the key factors and levels and optimize the process.An attempt was made to identify and experiment turning of AISI 4340 steel using 6 factors viz. cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut, MQL nozzle orientations (distance from the cutting tool-chip interface, nozzle angle) and different cutting fluid (Coolant). The response variable selected for study was surface roughness of the work-piece which needed to fit criteria smaller-the-better. L25 Orthogonal Array-OA design was selected for 6 factors and 5 levels. Comparison of results of average responses of different levels of factors, analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the process is detailed. Experimental results showed that the key contributors in the turning process are due to cutting speed, feed and depth of cut covering from 12% to 40%. The major contributor to the process was the cutting speed. Selection of MQL fluids and nozzle orientation contributed to 10% showing least significance.This experiment helps us to understand the importance of machine cutting conditions as key success factors which can be assisted with MQL fluids and other input factors.
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Mafini, Chengedzai. "Factors influencing job satisfaction among public sector employees: an empirical exploration." African Journal of Employee Relations (Formerly South African Journal of Labour Relations) 38, no. 1 (2019): 116–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2520-3223/5903.
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Performance problems in public sector organisations in South Africa may be partially attributed to employee-related factors, including low job satisfaction levels. This study set out to examine factors influencing the job satisfaction of employees in a South African public sector organisation. A two-section survey questionnaire was administered to 246 government employees based in the Gauteng province of South Africa. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics of the sample and factor analysis to establish the factors that contributed to the job satisfaction of public sector employees. Reliabilities were measured with the aid of Cronbach’s alpha. Five underlying factors that contributed to job satisfaction, namely working conditions, ability utilisation, teamwork, creativity and autonomy were identified. Among these factors, teamwork emerged as the highest contributor to respondents’ job satisfaction. The findings suggest that to enhance employee job satisfaction levels, managers in public organisations should pay particular attention to each of the five factors identified in this study. This could be a solution to improving employee relations as well as meeting the performance challenges that currently face public organisations in South Africa.
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Veisani, Yousef, Ensiyeh Jenabi, Shahrzad Nematollahi, Ali Delpisheh, and Salman Khazaei. "The role of socio-economic inequality in the prevalence of hypertension in adults." Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Research 11, no. 2 (2019): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/jcvtr.2019.20.
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Introduction: The large portion of burden of diseases, especially in the developing countries is attributed to hypertension. Identification of the potential risk factors of hypertension is essential for disease management. In this study we investigated the role of socio-economic inequality in the prevalence of hypertension in Ilam Province. Methods: Totally, 690 individuals aged over 15 were enrolled in this cross-sectional study, through systematic random sampling from March 1 to October 30, 2017. Socio-economic status (SES) score was calculated by 7 variables including; age, sex, job, marital status, educational level, and economic status, residency, then, it was divided to five levels. Concentration index was used to estimate the inequality in hypertension. To estimate the percentage contribution in final step elasticity divided to concentration index for each contributor and contributions to inequality is estimated. Results: The concentration index for hypertension was -0.154 95% CI (-0.02, -0.23), therefore hypertension was more prevalent in lower socioeconomic groups. The important socioeconomic contributors in inequality were job (P = 0.008), educational level (P = 0.005), and SES (P = 0.003). According to concentration index decomposition, the main sources of inequality in hypertension were job (15%), educational level (18%), and SES (21%), respectively. Conclusion: Hypertension is more prevalent in lower SES groups and the job, education, and SES are important contributory factors of inequality. One substantial key point to achieve an effectiveness approach to deal with chronic diseases might be building partnership with disadvantaged populations.
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Ekwonye, Angela U., and Verna DeLauer. "Exploring Individual and Interpersonal Level Factors Associated with Academic Success of College Students at a Women’s, Faith-based Higher Institution." Higher Education Studies 9, no. 1 (2019): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/hes.v9n1p86.
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The present study investigated how spirituality, peer connections, and social integration relate to academic resiliency, academic self-efficacy, academic integration, and institutional commitment of college students who identify as female. A sample of 372 undergraduates (ages 18-26) at a Catholic University completed Mapworks survey containing institution-specific questions and spirituality items in Spring 2018. Pearson correlation was used to examine the bivariate relationships between the variables. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was conducted to determine if relationships exist among the predictor variables (spirituality, peer connections, social integration) and the criterion variables (academic resiliency, academic self-efficacy, academic integration, institutional commitment). Academic resiliency was the only contributor to the synthetic criterion variable. The contributions of academic self-efficacy, academic integration and institutional commitment to the synthetic criterion variable were very negligible. Social integration and peer connections were the primary contributors to the predictor synthetic variable, with a secondary contribution by spirituality. Social integration, peer connections, and spirituality were all positively related to academic resiliency. Simultaneously addressing the social and spiritual well-being of college students, particularly those who have self-selected to attend a women&rsquo;s college, are crucial to promoting their academic success.
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Arroyo, Maria Nicol, Jonathan Alex Green, Miriam Cnop, and Mariana Igoillo-Esteve. "tRNA Biology in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes: Role of Genetic and Environmental Factors." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 2 (2021): 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020496.
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The global rise in type 2 diabetes results from a combination of genetic predisposition with environmental assaults that negatively affect insulin action in peripheral tissues and impair pancreatic β-cell function and survival. Nongenetic heritability of metabolic traits may be an important contributor to the diabetes epidemic. Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are noncoding RNA molecules that play a crucial role in protein synthesis. tRNAs also have noncanonical functions through which they control a variety of biological processes. Genetic and environmental effects on tRNAs have emerged as novel contributors to the pathogenesis of diabetes. Indeed, altered tRNA aminoacylation, modification, and fragmentation are associated with β-cell failure, obesity, and insulin resistance. Moreover, diet-induced tRNA fragments have been linked with intergenerational inheritance of metabolic traits. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of how perturbations in tRNA biology play a role in the pathogenesis of monogenic and type 2 diabetes.
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Danquah, Michael, and Williams Ohemeng. "Unmasking the factors behind income inequalities in Ghana." International Journal of Social Economics 44, no. 7 (2017): 884–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-09-2015-0250.
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Purpose The purpose of the paper is to examine the extent and trends of income inequality as well as the contribution of household and community-level factors in explaining inequality within north and south in Ghana. Design/methodology/approach The study employs both descriptive and regression methods. The study adopts the methodology by Fields (2002) to assess the importance of household and community attributes in explaining the level of inequality within the north and the south. Findings The findings of the study show that household characteristics such as urban location, no education, public and private formal economic activities, and not covered by National Health Insurance Scheme are major determinants of inequality within the north and the south. Specifically, within the north, the 20-34 year age group is the most prominent contributor to inequality. Within the south, the most important determinant of inequality is the completion of junior high school. The contribution of community-level features shows that, within the north, access to banks is the most vital factor to inequality, whereas within the south, access to electricity and public transport is the most important community factor. Practical implications The study provides an understanding of the underlying household and community factors driving the observed inequality patterns within the north and the south in Ghana. Policy options are identified for achieving the sustainable development goals. Originality/value The study uses the latest round of the Ghana Living Standards survey, GLSS 6, which covers new data on a nationally representative sample of 18,000 households in 1,200 enumeration areas.
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Learmonth, I. D., and J. L. Cunningham. "Factors contributing to the wear of polyethylene in clinical practice." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 211, no. 1 (1997): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954411971534674.
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Wear of polyethylene is a major contributor in the failure of total joint replacement. A number of different factors may predispose to increased wear of polyethylene. These can be broadly categorized as (i) material polymorphism, (ii) poor design features and (iii) three-body wear. Many of these factors contribute to the wear encountered in clinical practice. These mechanisms are reviewed and examples identified in which they have resulted in increased wear.
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Wang, Qiuyan, Hua Zhang, Su Yang, et al. "Potential Driving Factors on Surface Solar Radiation Trends over China in Recent Years." Remote Sensing 13, no. 4 (2021): 704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13040704.
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The annual mean surface solar radiation (SSR) trends under all-sky, clear-sky, all-sky-no-aerosol, and clear-sky-no-aerosol conditions as well as their possible causes are analyzed during 2005–2018 across China based on different satellite-retrieved datasets to determine the major drivers of the trends. The results confirm clouds and aerosols as the major contributors to such all-sky SSR trends over China but play differing roles over sub-regions. Aerosol variations during this period result in a widespread brightening, while cloud effects show opposite trends from south to north. Moreover, aerosols contribute more to the increasing all-sky SSR trends over northern China, while clouds dominate the SSR decline over southern China. A radiative transfer model is used to explore the relative contributions of cloud cover from different cloud types to the all-types-of-cloud-cover-induced (ACC-induced) SSR trends during this period in four typical sub-regions over China. The simulations point out that the decreases in low-cloud-cover (LCC) over the North China Plain are the largest positive contributor of all cloud types to the marked annual and seasonal ACC-induced SSR increases, and the positive contributions from both high-cloud-cover (HCC) and LCC declines in summer and winter greatly contribute to the ACC-induced SSR increases over East China. The contributions from medium-low-cloud-cover (mid-LCC) and LCC variations dominate the ACC-caused SSR trends over southwestern and South China all year round, except for the larger HCC contribution in summer.
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Buyukiscan, Ezgi Soncu. "Factors Predicting Psychological Adjustment among University Students in Turkey." International Journal of Psychological Studies 10, no. 4 (2018): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v10n4p25.
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Young adulthood is a period that requires serious transitions. Psychological adjustment during this period might be an important contributor to academic as well as social wellbeing. This study aims at identifying factors that predict psychological adjustment among university students in Turkey. Attachment style and coping strategies were suggested as possible predictors. The data was gathered from 105 undergraduate students. The results reveal attachment and coping styles as significant predictors for psychological adjustment. Implications of the findings are discussed in an attempt to foster better psychological adjustment among young adults.
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Adwani, Priya, and Sanjay Shrivastava. "Analysis of Factors Affecting Second Language Acquisition." International Journal of Social Sciences and Management 4, no. 3 (2017): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v4i3.17247.
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The purport of this paper is to provide an overview of five factors affecting second language acquisition (SLA). The factors include vocabulary, grammar, and interference of mother tongue (L1), self-efficacy and motivation. These factors are vital to research for the process of acquiring second language. Language is composed of vocabulary words which are synchronized by grammar affected by first language .Self efficacy is a consequential component of social cognitive and this entire process of second language acquisition is possible by the factor of motivation. Motivation is additionally a consequential contributor to language achievement in terms of linguistic outcomes.Study of these factors synthesize in the process of acquiring second language resulting with possible suggestions.Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 4, Issue-3: 158-164
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Wimpory, Robert C., Michael Hofmann, Joana Rebelo-Kornmeier, Mirko Boin, and Carsten Ohms. "Minimizing and Characterizing Uncertainties in Neutron Strain Measurements with Special Attention to Grain Size Effects." Materials Science Forum 905 (August 2017): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.905.143.
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The accurate determination of strain during measurement using neutron diffraction depends on many factors. The statistical uncertainty of the diffraction data is not always the most important contributor to the total uncertainty in the measured strain. Other contributors, such as sample positioning, size and shape of the sampling (gauge) volume and the size and distribution of grains within the sampling volume, often play an important role as well. Grain size issues have been the least studied and their impact is often ignored even though the potential uncertainty contribution can be large. Certain methods such as oscillating the sample during measurement can help in reducing the magnitude of the grain size effect and hence also that of the related uncertainty contribution. A thorough characterization of uncertainties due to grain size effects however, in terms of absolute values that should be added to the statistical peak fitting uncertainties has not yet been implemented. This paper will present an improved method to characterize and estimate absolute uncertainty values due to grain size effects.
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Yu, Jie, Yin Tang, and Jie Xu. "Effects of indoor coal fine particulate matter on the expression levels of inflammatory factors in ovalbumin-induced mice." Toxicology Research 8, no. 1 (2019): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tx00221e.
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Phu Ha, Nguyen. "Impact of macroeconomic factors and interaction with institutional performance on Vietnamese bank share prices." Banks and Bank Systems 16, no. 1 (2021): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.16(1).2021.12.
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Shares of listed banks in Vietnam gain a lot of interest from investors and regulators. It is important to study the primary drivers of the banks’ share prices. In this context, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Gold Price (GP), Ninety-day Interbank Interest Rate (R), and USD/VND Exchange Rate (FX) are selected as representatives for macroeconomic variables. A new contribution of this study is the application of interactive factors between macroeconomics and bank performance (i.e., Equity Capital (E), Deposit Аmounts (D), Loan Amounts (L), Non-performing Loans (NPLs), Leverage (LEV), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Return on Assets (ROA), and Stock Beta (Beta)) in evaluating their impact on bank share prices. Applying the econometric method of Two-Stage Least Square (2SLS) and the quarterly financial data of 13 listed banks from Q1/2009 to Q3/2020, the regression results show that GDP improvements can foster an increase in bank share prices, and this impact is strengthened if banks have good performance of ROA, CAR, and with strict control of NPLs. The R also has a positive impact on bank share prices, and the price level increases if NPLs, LEV, and Beta are controlled at optimal levels. However, empirical evidence drawn from the study also suggests that an increase in FX and GP is not a significant contributor to bank share prices, especially if the bank does not manage NPLs and LEV. Moreover, the impact of E, D, and L on the movements of bank share prices is not significant.
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Cheeseman, K. H., M. Collins, K. Proudfoot, et al. "Studies on lipid peroxidation in normal and tumour tissues. The Novikoff rat liver tumour." Biochemical Journal 235, no. 2 (1986): 507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2350507.
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A study has been made of the factors that contribute to the decreased rates of lipid peroxidation under different pro-oxidant conditions in intact Novikoff tumour cells, and in microsomal suspensions prepared from Novikoff tumour cells, compared with isolated normal rat hepatocytes and microsomal suspensions prepared from normal rat liver. The pro-oxidant conditions were the addition of either NADPH, NADPH + ADP + iron, NADPH + CCl4 or ascorbate+iron to the experimental systems used, or exposure to gamma-radiation. Contributory factors to the lower rates of lipid peroxidation observed include: a significant decrease in the polyunsaturated fatty acid content of Novikoff cells or Novikoff microsomes; the decreases are especially marked for the C20:4 and C22:6 fatty acids; a very marked reduction in NADPH-cytochrome c reductase; and no detectable content of cytochrome P-450. Another, and in our opinion critical, contribution to the diminished rate of lipid peroxidation in the tumour material is the substantial increase in alpha-tocopherol relative both to total lipid and to methylene-interrupted double bonds in fatty acids. Moreover, the alpha-tocopherol is the major contributor to lipid-soluble chain-breaking antioxidant in lipid extracts of normal liver and of Novikoff tumour material.
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Louie, Vivianne W., and Toni L. Doolen. "A Study of Factors that Contribute to Maritime Fatigue." Marine Technology and SNAME News 44, no. 02 (2007): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.2007.44.2.82.
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Many advances have been made to shipping and the maritime industry over the last century. Despite these advances, errors that lead to injuries, accidents, and catastrophes continue to occur. Fatigue has been identified as a major contributor to these incidents. The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes of fatigue for mariners and, specifically, for deck watch officers (DWOs). A review of the literature was completed to identify factors that might impact the prevalence of fatigue in the maritime industry. Questionnaires and face-to-face interviews were used to collect data to evaluate the relationship among sleep, the mariner's work environment, and fatigue. It was found that advances in technology have reduced the number of personnel on the bridge and, subsequently, increased the workload for DWOs. With the multitude of DWO duties and responsibilities, current staffing levels are not always adequate for ensuring proper rest. While regulations that address hours of rest for mariners appear to be adequate, current regulations do not adequately address the challenges of dynamic schedules and human physiology.
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Whyte, Tom, Bianca Albanese, Jane Elkington, Lynne Bilston, and Julie Brown. "Restraint Factors and Child Passenger Deaths in New South Wales, Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4 (2020): 1147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041147.
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Inappropriate or incorrect use of child restraints can influence crash injury outcome. This study examined the role of restraint factors in child passenger deaths and the effect of legislation requiring appropriate restraint systems up to 7 years old. Data for child (0–12 years) passenger deaths occurring in New South Wales (NSW) from 2007 to 2016 were collected by the child death review team including photographs, reports of in-depth crash investigation, witness reports and medical reports. Restraint use, type of restraint, appropriateness of the restraint for the age of the child and correctness of restraint use were examined. The primary contributor to death was determined in each case. Sixty-four child passengers died in NSW during the data period. Twenty-nine (29/64, 45%) were properly restrained. Thirteen children (13/64, 20%) were unrestrained. In 20 cases (20/64, 31%), children were using a restraint that was either inappropriate for their age (6) or not used correctly (14). Restraint factors were a primary contributor in 22 (22/64, 34%) child deaths. Compared to pre-legislation, appropriate restraint use was more common post-legislation (13/22. 59% vs. 30/42, 71%). However, incorrect use was also greater (3/22, 14% vs. 11/42, 26%). Interventions targeting increasing restraint use and reduction of common ‘use’ errors are needed to prevent further restraint factor-related deaths.
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Bae, Eun Jung, and Ju Young Yoon. "Health Literacy as a Major Contributor to Health-Promoting Behaviors among Korean Teachers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6 (2021): 3304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063304.
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Teachers are not only subjects of school health efforts but also role models for students’ health behaviors; teachers’ health-promoting behaviors can induce students’ healthy behaviors with their positive health outcomes. This study was an examination of personal factors, situational factors, and health literacy as influences on teachers’ health-promoting behaviors. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was implemented based on an integrated model of health literacy. The study results showed that health literacy was the strongest predictor of teachers’ health-promoting behaviors. In addition, school type and school culture were situational factors related to the interpersonal relations and stress management domains of the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II scale. These findings could serve as foundational evidence for developing programs at the individual and organizational levels that enhance teachers’ health-promoting behaviors.
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Kazemi Karyani, Ali, Satar Rezaei, Behzad Karami Matin, and Saeed Amini. "Poor health-related quality of life in Iran: decomposition analysis of affecting factors." International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare 12, no. 1 (2019): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhrh-05-2018-0036.
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PurposePoor health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is one of the important issues in the health sector. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the prevalence and socio-economic inequality in poor HRQoL in Tehran city, Iran.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 562 adults were included in this cross-sectional study. The cluster sampling method was used for data collection from May to June, 2016 in Tehran city, Iran. Data on HRQoL, using EuroQol 5-dimensions questionnaire, and data on socio-economic and demographic variables were gathered. Convenience regression method was performed to measure the concentration index (CI). Decomposition analysis was performed to determine the contribution of variables on socio-economic inequality in poor HRQoL. All analyses were performed by Stata v.14.FindingsThe prevalence of poor HRQoL was 28.3 percent. The value of CI for “poor HRQoL” was −0.299 (95% confidence interval: −0.402 to −0.195). Socio-economic status (SES) was the largest contributor to socio-economic inequality in poor HRQoL (69.44 percent of inequality was explained by SES). Age, obesity and race had a positive contribution to socio-economic inequality in poor HRQoL among the participants. Nonetheless, sex and smoking intensity had a negative contribution to inequality in poor HRQoL.Originality/valueThere is little evidence about the prevalence of poor HRQoL in insured people. This study provided new evidence in this area through the investigation of socio-economic inequality in poor HRQoL and its determinants among people with health insurance in Iran using decomposition analysis.
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Zhang, Caiqing, Mi Zhang, and Nan Zhang. "Identifying the Determinants of CO2 Emission Change in China’s Power Sector." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2626418.
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Power sector is significantly important for China to achieve the CO2 emission reduction targets. In this study, we analyze the features of CO2 emissions and environment effect in China’s power sector, investigate the driving factors of CO2 emission change based on the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method, and evaluate the mitigation potential of CO2 emissions in China’s power sector. Results show that CO2 emissions in China’s power sector increased rapidly from 492.00 Mt in 1990 to 3049.88 Mt in 2014 while CO2 emission intensity experienced an unsteady downward trend during the study period. Industrial scale effect is the key contributor to CO2 emission growth in China’s power sector, and its contribution degree reaches 123.97%. Energy intensity effect contributes most to the decrease in CO2 emissions, with a contribution degree of −20.01%. Capital productivity effect is another important factor leading to CO2 emissions increase. The aggregate CO2 emission reduction would reach 17973.86 million tons (Mt) during 2015–2030 in the ideal emission reduction scenario. Finally, policy recommendations are made for future energy-saving and CO2 emission reduction in China’s power sector.
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Beacom, Emma, Sinéad Furey, Lynsey Elizabeth Hollywood, and Paul Humphreys. "Food poverty contributors: individual, structural or political? Examining stakeholder perspectives using interviews and nominal group technique." British Food Journal 123, no. 6 (2021): 2199–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-09-2020-0817.
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PurposeData were collected from a range of stakeholders in Northern Ireland including consumer representatives, policy makers and public health representatives. Data collection occurred in two phases: firstly via in-depth interviews (n = 19), and secondly via roundtables (n = 4) with stakeholders (n = 36) using nominal group technique.Design/methodology/approachFood poverty has been identified as a significant societal and public health problem in the UK, evidenced in part by published statistics on the prevalence of food poverty, and the well-documented increase in the uptake of food bank provision. This paper presents various theoretical perspectives regarding the aetiology of (food) poverty, followed by stakeholders' opinions on the contributors to food poverty and consideration of how these align with various theoretical perspectives.FindingsVarious individual, structural and political factors were identified by stakeholders as contributors to food poverty, with income largely agreed to be the most significant contributor. Two themes of contributors were identified during analysis: micro-level and individual-level contributors and macro-level and economic-level contributors. Structural factors were most commonly cited as contributors to food poverty during both stakeholder interviews and stakeholder roundtables, followed by individual factors and political factors.Practical implicationsUnderstanding the contributors to food poverty can inform targeted policy action.Originality/valueThere is a lack of theoretical and conceptual literature regarding the causes of food poverty, and there has to date been limited research on the contributors to food poverty in Northern Ireland/the United Kingdom.
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El-Hout, Mona, Alexandra Garr-Schultz, and Sapna Cheryan. "Beyond biology: The importance of cultural factors in explaining gender disparities in STEM preferences." European Journal of Personality 35, no. 1 (2021): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890207020980934.
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Gender disparities in participation in many STEM fields, particularly computer science, engineering, and physics, remain prevalent in Western societies. Stewart-Williams and Halsey contend that an important contributor to these disparities is gender differences in career-related preferences that are driven partly by biology. We argue that Stewart-Williams and Halsey understate the influence of cultural factors in shaping these preferences. We provide evidence for an important and overlooked cultural factor that contributes to gender disparities in computer science, engineering, and physics: masculine defaults. Masculine defaults exist when cultures value and reward traits and characteristics associated with the male gender role and see them as standard ( Cheryan & Markus, 2020 ). We provide examples of how changing computer science, engineering, and physics cultures can decrease gender disparities in participation. Finally, we discuss policy implications, specifically the importance of (1) recognizing that preferences for STEM are malleable and (2) addressing exclusionary cultures of STEM fields. Recognizing and changing exclusionary STEM cultures are important for creating a society that is more just and equitable.
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Hoffman, Daniel, Maaike Arts, and France Bégin. "The “First 1,000 Days+” as Key Contributor to the Double Burden of Malnutrition." Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 75, no. 2 (2019): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000503665.
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Growth from conception through age 2 years, the “First 1,000 days,” is important for long-term health of the growing fetus and child and is influenced by several factors including breastfeeding and complementary feeding. Low- and middle-income countries face a complicated array of factors that influence healthy growth, ranging from high food insecurity, poor sanitation, limited prenatal or neonatal care, and high levels of poverty that exacerbate the “vicious cycle” associated with intergenerational promotion of growth retardation. It is now well recognized that the period prior to conception, both maternal and paternal health and diet, play an important role in fetal development, giving rise to the concept of the “First 1,000 Days+”. Breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices can be improved through a combination of interventions such as baby-friendly hospitals, regulations for marketing of foods and beverages to children, adequate counseling and support, and sound social and behavior change communication, but continued research is warranted to make such programs more universal and fully effective. Thus, improving the overall understanding of factors that influence growth, such as improved breastfeeding and age-appropriate and adequate complementary feeding, is critical to reducing the global prevalence of the double burden of malnutrition.
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Eastell, Richard, and Helen Lambert. "Plenary Lecture: Strategies for skeletal health in the elderly." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 61, no. 2 (2002): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns2002160.
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Osteoporosis is a common disease in the elderly, and the fractures that result from this disorder affect 40 % of women and 14 % of men over the age of 50 years. The risk of fracture relates to bone mineral density and the risk of falling, among other factors. Low bone mineral density in the elderly can result from either low peak bone mass or accelerated bone loss, or a combination of the two. Nutritional factors play a role in both the attainment of peak bone mass and in the rate of age-related bone loss. The main determinants of peak bone mass are genetic factors, early-life nutrition, diet and exercise. Of the nutritional factors Ca, and particularly milk, are the most important contributors to peak bone mass. Some of these factors may interact; for example, a low dietary Ca in addition to an unfavourable vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism may result in low peak bone mass. The age-related changes in bone mass may also have a genetic basis, but deficiency of oestrogen is a major contributor. In addition, undernutrition is common in the elderly, and lack of dietary protein contributes both to impaired bone mineral conservation and increased propensity to fall. There is a decreased ability of the intestine to adapt to a low-Ca diet with increasing age. Other dietary factors include vitamin K, Zn and fruit and vegetables. Adequate nutritional status, particularly of Ca and vitamin D, is essential for the successful pharmaceutical treatment of osteoporosis. Thus, strategies for enhancing skeletal health in the elderly must begin in early childhood, and continue throughout life.
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Solekha, Anis, Andri Widianto, and Anita Karunia. "KAJIAN PENGEMBANGAN KLASTER KOMODITAS BAWANG MERAH DI KANTOR PERWAKILAN BANK INDONESIA TEGAL." Jurnal Riset Manajemen Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Widya Wiwaha Program Magister Manajemen 7, no. 2 (2020): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32477/jrm.v7i2.200.
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Bank Indonesia (BI) is the Central Bank of the Republic of Indonesia which is responsible for achieving and maintaining the stability of the rupiah value, such as maintaining the stability of volatile food. Volatile food can be maintain using cluster development, one of them is the shallot commodity cluster. This study aimed to determine the development of shallot commodity clusters in the context of controlling inflation at the Tegal Bank Indonesia Representative Office. Data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, and literature study. The data analysis technique used is descriptive qualitative analysis through a fishbone diagram instrument. The results of the fishbone diagram analysis showed the factors that influence the shallot commodity on inflation control in Brebes Regency are farmers, upstream factors, environmental factors, and downstream factors. Shallot is the main contributor to inflation in Brebes district, in 2016 these commodities contributed to inflation by 0.33%, in 2017-2019 commodities contributed to deflation of -0.26%, -0.22274% and -0.0883%. The conclusion is the development of shallot commodity cluster in the context of controlling inflation in the Tegal Bank Indonesia Representative Office using a fishbone diagram instrument considered to be good enough.
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Zhu, Zhiping, Lulu Li, Hongmin Dong, and Yue Wang. "Ammonia and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Different Types of Livestock and Poultry Manure During Storage." Transactions of the ASABE 63, no. 6 (2020): 1723–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.14079.
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HighlightsCarbon and nitrogen gas emissions from manure storage were influenced by manure characteristics.The main GHG contributor for dairy cattle, beef cattle, and broiler manure was methane.The main GHG contributor for laying hen manure was nitrous oxide (N2O).N2O emissions of the five types of manure were comparable with the IPCC recommended value.Abstract. Livestock manure management is an important source of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and ammonia (NH3) emissions from agriculture. Large amounts of manure are produced in China, while little research is available on the gas emission characteristics from different manure sources. The GHG and NH3 emissions from pig manure (PM), dairy cattle manure (DCM), beef cattle manure (BCM), layer manure (LM), and broiler manure (BM) during storage were monitored using the dynamic emission chamber method to compare the differences in gas emission characteristics among the five manure types and elucidate the key factors causing the differences. The results indicated that C and N gas emissions from manure storage were influenced by manure characteristics. The total CO2-eq (without CO2) emissions from PM, DCM, BCM, LM, BM were, respectively, 49.98 ±3.53, 1160.4 ±55.22, 692.16 ±42.98, 61.99 ±1.92, and 72.52 ±3.45 g per kg of dry basis manure during 77-day storage. The main GHG contributor for DCM, BCM, and BM was methane (CH4), accounting for 65% to 94%, and the main GHG contributor for LM was nitrous oxide (N2O). For PM, CH4 and N2O contributed equally to the total emissions. The N2O emissions of the five manure types were 0.002 to 0.013 kg N2O-N kg-1 N and were comparable with the IPCC recommended value. Keywords: Ammonia, Animal manure, Emission, Methane, Nitrous oxide.
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Wiking, Lars, Martin Bjerring, Mette Marie Løkke, P. Løvendahl, and T. Kristensen. "Herd factors influencing free fatty acid concentrations in bulk tank milk." Journal of Dairy Research 86, no. 2 (2019): 226–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029919000190.
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AbstractFree fatty acid (FFA) concentrations can be elevated in raw milk due to improper handling and management at the dairy farm, and high concentrations of FFA can lead to off flavors in milk. This study aimed to describe how the herd production system, milking system, feeding and technological factors impact on FFA concentrations in bulk tank milk. FFA concentrations in bulk milk samples from 259 organic and 3326 conventional herds were analyzed by FT-IR during one year. The FFA content was significantly lower in bulk milk from organic than conventional herds. This was most evident during the summer half-year when the organic cows graze pasture. Bulk milk from automatic milking systems (AMS) and tie-stalls contained greater concentrations of FFA than any other milking parlor systems. In AMS, high milking frequency was found to be the most significant contributor to elevated FFA content in milk. Moreover, a strong interaction was found between milking interval and production system (organic vs. conventional). The technical factors, pre-cooling, onset time for cooling after milk inlet, contact between milk and agitation also impacted on the FFA concentration, whereas other technical factors including centrifugal pump type, length and height of pumping line and type of AMS manufacturer were found to be without significant effect on FFA. Feeding variables, based on feeding plans and evaluation, only explained a small part of the variation in bulk milk FFA. Overall, this study demonstrated that AMS compared to other milking system contributes significantly to increased FFA concentration in bulk tank milk, and within AMS high milking frequency contributes to increased FFA concentration.
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Chinnery, Darien, Angela Campbell, Sara Churches, Doris Houston, Tania King, and Gael Prophet. "Is Counselling a Health Hazard to Counsellors? Occupational Stress and Occupational Health for Counsellors." Australian Journal of Rehabilitation Counselling 1, no. 1 (1995): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1323892200100080.
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A questionnaire survey of 85 counsellors investigated potential contributors to stress in the workplace and valued coping strategies. The sample consisted of three groups: a Government group, a Private group and a Religious group, which represented three different types of work organisation. Recent research suggests that organisational factors contribute to occupational stress, and that personal coping strategies may not alleviate stress appreciably. The results of the study indicated that the most stressed group was the Government group of counsellors, that the most highly rated contributor to stress was management attitudes and that the most valued coping strategies were organisational in nature rather than personal.
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Stucki, Michael. "Factors related to the change in Swiss inpatient costs by disease: a 6-factor decomposition." European Journal of Health Economics 22, no. 2 (2021): 195–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10198-020-01243-3.
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AbstractThere is currently little systematic knowledge about the contribution of different factors to the increase in health care spending in high-income countries such as Switzerland. The aim of this paper is to decompose inpatient care costs in the Swiss canton of Zurich by 100 diseases and 42 age/sex groups and to assess the contribution of six factors to the change in aggregate costs between 2013 and 2017. These six factors are population size, age and sex structure, inpatient treated prevalence, utilization in terms of stays per patient, length of stay per case, and costs per treatment day. Using detailed inpatient cost data at the case level, we find that the most important contributor to the change in disease-specific costs was a rise in costs per treatment day. For most conditions, this effect was partly offset by a reduction in the average length of stay. Changes in population size accounted for one third of the total increase, but population structure had only a small positive association with costs. The most expensive cases accounted for the largest part of the increase in costs, but the magnitude of this effect differed across diseases. A better understanding of the factors related to cost changes at the disease level over time is essential for the design of targeted health policies aiming at an affordable health care system.
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Zhang, Xiao Xin, Shuai Lv, Jing Ding, et al. "The Development on Production Mechanism and Influence Factors of CH4 Exchanging Flux from Grassland Ecosystem." Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (August 2013): 1874–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.1874.
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Global warming is a hot issue that we concern presently, and methane (CH4) should be paid more attention as the main contributor. Grassland ecosystem, as the important carbon sink plays an important role in global climate change. This paper summarizes the mechanism of CH4production and analyzes the environmental factors and management factors which affect CH4flux from grassland ecosystem.
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Vernia, Filippo, Salvatore Longo, Gianpiero Stefanelli, Angelo Viscido, and Giovanni Latella. "Dietary Factors Modulating Colorectal Carcinogenesis." Nutrients 13, no. 1 (2021): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13010143.
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The development of colorectal cancer, responsible for 9% of cancer-related deaths, is favored by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The modification of diet and lifestyle may modify the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and prevent neoplasia in up to 50% of cases. The Western diet, characterized by a high intake of fat, red meat and processed meat has emerged as an important contributor. Conversely, a high intake of dietary fiber partially counteracts the unfavorable effects of meat through multiple mechanisms, including reduced intestinal transit time and dilution of carcinogenic compounds. Providing antioxidants (e.g., vitamins C and E) and leading to increased intraluminal production of protective fermentation products, like butyrate, represent other beneficial and useful effects of a fiber-rich diet. Protective effects on the risk of developing colorectal cancer have been also advocated for some specific micronutrients like vitamin D, selenium, and calcium. Diet-induced modifications of the gut microbiota modulate colonic epithelial cell homeostasis and carcinogenesis. This can have, under different conditions, opposite effects on the risk of CRC, through the production of mutagenic and carcinogenic agents or, conversely, of protective compounds. The aim of this review is to summarize the most recent evidence on the role of diet as a potential risk factor for the development of colorectal malignancies, as well as providing possible prevention dietary strategies.
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de Oliveira Elias, Susana, Paula Varela Tomasco, Verônica Ortiz Alvarenga, Anderson de Souza Sant'Ana, and Eduardo Cesar Tondo. "Contributor factors for the occurrence of salmonellosis during preparation, storage and consumption of homemade mayonnaise salad." Food Research International 78 (December 2015): 266–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2015.09.034.
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Ní Chasaide, Caitlín, and Marina A. Lynch. "The role of the immune system in driving neuroinflammation." Brain and Neuroscience Advances 4 (January 2020): 239821281990108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2398212819901082.
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Neuroinflammation is now recognised as an important contributory factor in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease and probably also in the early stages of the disease. It is likely that this derives largely from aberrant activation of microglia, the resident mononuclear phagocytes of the brain. These cells are responsible for physiological immune surveillance and clearance of pathogens in the central nervous system, but evidence indicates that in Alzheimer’s disease, microglial function is compromised, and this contributes to the pathology. It is unclear what factors cause the inappropriate activation of the microglia in Alzheimer’s disease, but one contributor may be infiltrating peripheral immune cells and these include macrophages and T cells. It has been suggested that both cell types modulate the phenotype of microglia, highlighting the importance of crosstalk between the innate and adaptive immune system in Alzheimer’s disease. This review outlines our current knowledge of how cells of the peripheral immune system, specifically macrophages and T cells, may modulate microglial phenotype in the context of Alzheimer’s disease and considers the impact on their function, especially phagocytic capacity.
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Sapalidis, Konstantinos, Nikolaos Machairiotis, Paul Zarogoulidis, et al. "Genes’ Interactions: A Major Contributor to the Malignant Transformation of Endometriosis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 8 (2019): 1842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20081842.
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The genetic and epigenetic factors that contribute to the malignant transformation of endometriosis are still under investigation. The objective of the present study was to investigate the genetic link between endometriosis and cancer by examining and correlating the latest clinical observations with biological experimental data. We collected updated evidence about the genetic relationship between endometriosis and cancers by conducting a comprehensive search of PubMed and Scopus databases, focusing on the papers published between January 2018 and January 2019. New insights into the mechanism of the malignant transformation of endometriosis have been published recently. The use of state-of-the-art techniques and methods, such as the genome-wide association study analysis and the weighted gene co-expression analysis, have significantly altered our understanding of the association between endometriosis and endometriosis-associated cancer development. Interestingly, the interactions formed between genes seem to play a pivotal role in the phenotypic expression of mutations. Therefore, the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms and the function of the expression quantitative trait loci on genes’ expression have been the subject of many recent works. In addition, it has been discovered that genes, the mutations of which have been related to the development of endometriosis, play a role as hub genes. This may lead to new areas of research for understanding the mechanism of malignant transformation of the disease. Significant steps forward have been made towards the identification of factors that control the malignant transformation of endometriosis. Still, due to rarity of the event, a better-organized scheme for sampling on a global level should be adopted.
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Eugenicos, M. P., and N. B. Ferreira. "Psychological factors associated with inflammatory bowel disease." British Medical Bulletin 138, no. 1 (2021): 16–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldab010.
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Abstract Background Both depression and anxiety are identified as significant experiences in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); whether these are a consequence of the disease or an active contributor to the disease remains controversial. This review aimed to identify and critique recent evidence regarding mental health in IBD. Sources of data PubmedⓇ, OvidⓇ, EmbaseⓇ, EBSCO PsychInfo and Google-Scholar were searched within the last 5 years (2016–2020). Areas of agreement Overall, both depression and anxiety affect disease activity, relapse and healthcare utilization. Areas of controversy There is some controversy on whether depression and anxiety affect IBD outcomes differently depending on IBD subtype. Growing points The data support the need for depression and anxiety assessment to be incorporated in the routine management of IBD patients; prompt psychiatric and psychological management may ultimately reduce disease activity, relapses and healthcare costs. Areas timely for developing research More longitudinal research may further enlighten the role of depression and anxiety in IBD. Similarly, randomized controlled trials to investigate and clarify the effect of psychiatric/psychological management on IBD outcomes.
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Livat, Florine, and Hervé Remaud. "Factors Affecting Wine Price Mark-up in Restaurants." Journal of Wine Economics 13, no. 2 (2018): 144–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jwe.2018.18.
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AbstractThe purpose of this study is to examine how restaurants determine the percentage of wine mark-up. Wine sales are a substantial contributor to restaurants’ profitability, therefore a better understanding of the factors affecting mark-up is critical for the industry. Here, the mark-up is expressed as a percentage over the cost and refers to a cost-plus pricing strategy. Sommeliers from around the world, the majority of whom were members of the International Sommelier Association, were approached to complete our Internet-based questionnaire administered between February 2014 and May 2014. Of the 800 who began the survey, 267 fully completed the questionnaire, generating 1,869 observations. We regressed the declared percentage mark-up against restaurant and wine list characteristics, including managerial practices and wine steward characteristics, and showed that if the restaurants apply a simple rule of thumb to set wine prices, focusing on every price segment, it appears that sommeliers do not have much impact on the percentage mark-up. (JEL Classifications: C23, D21)
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Harper, Christy, Cynthia Rando, Melissa Meingast, Rochelle Edwards, and Jeff Graley. "Navigating the Crossroads: Career Transitions in Human Factors." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 63, no. 1 (2019): 628–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181319631431.
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During your human factors (HF) career, you will encounter many challenging decisions to make as your career develops and changes. Whether it is moving into a new domain, deciding whether to stay in a large company or a small one, embracing the corporate world or consulting, becoming a manager or remaining as a practitioner, everyone will experience a crossroad at some point and have to decide whether to and how to transition into a new role. Our goal is to share how different paths have affected the type of work we are doing, briefly discuss the challenges and successes we have encountered, and provide some insight through our shared experiences. Panelists will share their perspectives based on leaving a related discipline to transition into a career in HF, abandoning the corporate world to open a small business partnership, transitioning from a consultant to corporate employee, moving from a government role to become an entrepreneur and shifting from individual contributor to management.
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Zeng, Jie, and Guilin Han. "Rainwater chemistry observation in a karst city: variations, influence factors, sources and potential environmental effects." PeerJ 9 (April 20, 2021): e11167. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11167.
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The rainwater chemistry and related air contaminants are used to investigate the rainwater ions sources, variations, and influence factors from 2012 to 2014 in Guiyang city (the typical karst urban area of Southwest China). According to temporal rainwater ion concentrations, the obvious variations were presented in the study period, such as Ca2+ (125∼6,652 μeq L−1) and SO42− (11∼4,127 μeq L−1). Consequently, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42− and Cl− are considered as the leading ions. Three critical influencing factors of rainwater ions concentrations, including sources variations, rainfall amount and long-distance migration (rainfall amount > 100 mm) are identified. Based on the typical ionic ratios, source identification suggested that anthropogenic inputs mainly contributed to F−, NO3− and SO42−, while the dusts (crustal sources) are the primary sources of Mg2+, Ca2+ and K+. Cl− Enrichment in long-distance transport is the main contributor of Cl−. According to the observation of high level of total wet acid deposition, the more detailed spatio-temporal monitoring of rainfall-related acid deposition (particularly sulfur deposition) is required to understand its potential environmental effects in the aquatic ecosystem of the earth surface.
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McMurray, Robert G., Joanne S. Harrell, Shrikant I. Bangdiwala, Shibing Deng, and Chris Baggett. "Factors Contributing to the Energy Expenditure of Youth during Cycling and Running." Pediatric Exercise Science 15, no. 1 (2003): 67–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.15.1.67.
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This study evaluated factors that contribute to the increased energy cost of locomotion in youth. The subjects were 321 8-18-year-old youth, similar dispersed by age and sex. Oxygen uptake (VO2) was measured during rest (REE), running at 8 km · h−1 and cycling at 16 km · h−1, using a COSMED K4b2 metabolic system. Developmental stage was obtained via questionnaire. Stature, body mass, and skinfolds (triceps & subscapular) were measured. Both sexes had similar absolute VO2 (mL · min−1) at rest (p = 0.065) and running (p = 0.084), but the males had a higher VO2 during cycling (p = 0.046). There were no sex differences in relative VO2 (mL · kg−1 · min−1) at rest (p = 0.083); however, the males had a higher VO2 than the females during cycling and running (p £ 0.002). Multiple regression, tested for collinearity, found that absolute VO2 during cycling and running was mostly related to fat-free mass (p = 0.0001). Similar analyses for relative VO2 (mL · kg−1 · min−1) during cycling found that fat-free mass, sex, and skinfolds were significant contributors (p ‡ 0.003). During running the relative VO2 was related to skinfolds, fat-free mass, and resting energy expenditure (p < 0.05). Neither age nor developmental stage was a significant contributor. The results indicate that the VO2 of locomotion is most closely associated with fat-free mass. Thus, to compare youth of varying age or pubertal developmental status, fat-free mass should be taken into consideration.