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Journal articles on the topic 'Control and modulation strategies'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 13 July 2025

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Hanpei, Wei, Wei Haifeng, and Zhang Yi. "MATLAB SIMULATION RESEARCH ON PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR VECTOR CONTROL." EPH - International Journal of Science And Engineering 7, no. 3 (2021): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/ephijse.v7i3.188.

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According to the mathematical model of PMSM (permanent magnet synchronous motor) and vector control method, PMSM FOC (vector control) simulation model is built on the basis of MATLAB/Simulink environment. The system adopts the rotor field oriented vector control method of id 0 to realize PMSM decoupling control. The speed regulator and current regulator uses the conventional PI control algorithm, and the inverter adopts SVPWM modulation strategies. The simulation results proved the feasibility of the control method, which provides a good theoretical basis for the parameters of PMSM control system hardware settings. At the same time, building simulation model PMSM FOC SPWM modulation strategy on the basis of FOC SPVWM simulation, making FFT (spectrum analysis) comparison between which and the SVPWM modulation's single phase current. The result that the output harmonic of SVPWM modulation is far less than SPWM modulation proves the advantages of SVPWM modulation strategies. 

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Habetler, T. G., and D. M. Divan. "Control strategies for direct torque control using discrete pulse modulation." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 27, no. 5 (1991): 893–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/28.90344.

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Elliott, Ryan T., Hyungjin Choi, Daniel J. Trudnowski, and Tam Nguyen. "Real Power Modulation Strategies for Transient Stability Control." IEEE Access 10 (2022): 37215–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3163736.

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Robles-Campos, Héctor R., and Fernando Mancilla-David. "Detailed Assessment of Modulation Strategies for Hexverter–Based Modular Multilevel Converters." Energies 15, no. 6 (2022): 2132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15062132.

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Modular multilevel converters are playing a key role in the present and future development of topologies for medium–to–high–power applications. Among this category of power converters, there is a direct AC–AC modular multilevel converter called “Hexverter”, which is well suited to connect three–phase AC systems operating at different frequencies. This topology is the subject of study in this manuscript. The complete Hexverter system is composed of an Hexverter power converter and several control layers, namely, a “virtual VC2 controller”, a branch current controller in a two–frequency dq reference frame, a modulator, and a voltage balancing algorithm. The paper presents a thorough description and analysis of the entire Hexverter system, providing research contributions in three key aspects: (i) modeling and control in a unified two–frequency dq framework; (ii) developing a “virtual VC2 controller” to dynamically account for Hexverter’s active power losses allowing to achieve active power balance on the fly; and (iii) a comparative evaluation of modulation strategies (nearest level control and phase disposition–sinusoidal pulse width modulation). To this end, a detailed switched simulation was implemented in the PSCAD/EMTDC software platform. The proposed “virtual VC2 controller” is evaluated through the measurement of its settling time and calculation of active power losses. Each modulation technique is assessed through total harmonic distortion and frequency spectrum of the synthesized three–phase voltages and currents. The results obtained suggest that the control scheme is able to properly regulate the Hexverter system under both modulation strategies. Furthermore, the “virtual VC2 controller” is able to accurately determine the active power loss, which allows the assessment of the efficiency of the modulation strategies. The nearest level control technique yielded superior efficiency.

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Domajnko, Jure, Oto Težak, Mitja Truntič, and Nataša Prosen. "Comparison of Different Modulation Control Strategies for Wireless Power Transfer System." Electronics 14, no. 1 (2024): 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14010006.

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When designing a wireless power transfer system, overall system efficiency is one of the key parameters. The efficiency depends on several parameters, which also includes control modulation, used for excitation of the transmitter coil. However, how much the modulation technique impacts the efficiency is studied rarely. In this paper, we compare the three most popular control modulation techniques for transmitter voltage of a wireless power transfer system. First, the theory behind the methods is presented by highlighting the difference between them and their implementation. The methods are implemented, together with a linear PI control scheme, to evaluate the efficiency and performance of each of the methods. Finally, the practical tests were performed, under different output power levels, in order to evaluate the practical performance of each modulation strategy further.

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Coelho, Sergio, Tiago J. C. Sousa, Vitor Monteiro, Luis Machado, Joao L. Afonso, and Carlos Couto. "Comparison and Validation of Five Modulation Strategies for a Dual Active Bridge Converter." EAI Endorsed Transactions on Energy Web 9, no. 6 (2023): e2. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/ew.v9i6.3066.

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This paper addresses the comparison and validation of different modulations for an isolated dc-dc dual active bridge converter (DAB), namely, Duty-Cycle Modulation, Single Phase Shift (SPS), Dual Phase Shift (DPS), Extended Phase Shift (EPS) and Triple Phase Shift (TPS). Given the DAB’s applicability in a wide variety of power electronics branches, several control strategies are being studied to improve its efficiency, by mitigating circulating currents and reactive power. Regardless of the chosen architecture, appropriate modulations must be adopted, assessing which one presents the better cost-benefit ratio. This simulation-based analysis aims to investigate the DAB performance when controlled by the above-mentioned modulations and operating with a nominal power of 3.6 kW. Thus, simulation results show that only SPS, DPS, and TPS are considered suitable, while Duty-Cycle Modulation has time limitations during power transfer and EPS is more appropriate for dynamic power applications.

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Ko, Youngjong, Johannes Kuprat, Sante Pugliese, and Marco Liserre. "Modulation Strategies for Thermal Stress Control of CHB Inverters." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 37, no. 3 (2022): 3515–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2021.3117917.

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Rao, S. Nagaraja, Ambresh G. Biradar, and Sachin S. "Asymmetric Cascaded Inverter for Photovoltaic Applications Based on Carrier Redistribution Modulation Strategies." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.24 (2018): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.24.21763.

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Asymmetric Cascaded Multilevel inverter (ACMLI) for photovoltaic (PV) generating system is presented in this paper. The proposed asymmetrical arrangements of seven-level cascaded inverters have been compared with advanced modulation strategies, in order to find an optimum arrangement with lower harmonic distortion and optimized output voltage quality and which makes use of minimum number of switches to get more levels. It also reduces the complexity, number of sources, cost and losses. Modulating control techniques can be modified in two ways, namely Modified Carrier (MC) and Modified Reference (MR). This paper proposes modifies space vector based pulse width modulation (PWM) using various U-type Carrier Redistribution Methods (CRM) which utilize the control freedom degree (CFD) of vertical offsets among carriers and also compared with existing sinusoidal PWM technique for single-phase seven level ACMLI using MATLAB/Simulink.

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Nayak, B., and S. S. Dash. "Performance Analysis of Different Control Strategies in a Z-source Inverter." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 3, no. 2 (2013): 391–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.204.

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This paper presents the analysis for different control techniques in Z-source inverters. The voltage gain versus modulation index from simulation result is compared with the mathematical calculated voltage gain. Further detailed analysis of %THD, %harmonics of output voltage at different modulation indexes for different boosting techniques of a Z-source inverter are also performed with respect to the traditional VSI by MATLAB based simulation

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Booma, Nagarajan, Rama Reddy Sathi, and Vishuram Pradeep. "Comparative Analysis of Various Modulation Strategies for Induction Heating System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 622 (August 2014): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.622.39.

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This paper presents a combined asymmetrical voltage cancellation and pulse density modulation technique for energy efficient induction heating system. The proposed technique minimizes the switching losses through soft switching operation and improves the efficiency at low power level. In this modulation technique, the smooth power control can be achieved. The study of power converter has been performed through MATLAB simulation tool and the results are presented. In this proposal, the efficiency of PDM and AVC control techniques are compared with the Hybrid Modulation technique.

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-, Jahanzeb, Shahrin Md. Ayob, Saifullah Khan, Mohd Zaki Daud, and Razman Ayop. "Switching Modulation Strategies for Multilevel Inverter." ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering 20, no. 2 (2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v20n2.253.

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There is always a need to create efficient and optimized converters to deliver the best possible results to achieve a better THD profile in the waveform output. One way is by controlling the switching of the power switches of the converters using appropriate modulation schemes. While numerous works have been done in proposing new switching modulation strategies for multilevel inverters, this work will compare multicarrier PWM and near-to-level control (NLC) modulation schemes. In this paper, multicarrier PWM variants, namely, PD-PWM, POD-PWM, and APOD-PWM, are designed and simulated. Their voltage THD and spectrum performance are discussed when applied to single-phase 7, 9, and 11-level cascaded multilevel inverters. Then NLC modulation will be designed and applied to similar multilevel inverter circuits. It will be shown that the NLC exhibits some superior performances compared to PWM-based but with several drawbacks that can be optimized.

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Riveros, Jose A., Joel Prieto, Marco Rivera, Sergio Toledo, and Raúl Gregor. "A Generalised Multifrequency PWM Strategy for Dual Three-Phase Voltage Source Converters." Energies 12, no. 7 (2019): 1398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12071398.

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Pulse width modulation (PWM) strategies for the control of asymmetrical six-phase drives have been widely studied since the beginning of this century. Nevertheless, space vector modulation (SVM) techniques with multifrequency voltage injection for the control of all the degrees of freedom of the multiphase model is still a subject under research. This paper deals with this topic and introduces a generalised PWM method for a two-level voltage source converters. The architecture was derived by extending a three-phase modulator proposed as an alternative to the widely studied SVM. The proposal computes the duty times straightforwardly with a fast algorithm based on an analytical solution of the voltage-time modulation law. Theoretical derivations supported by experimental results demonstrate the proper synthesis of the multifrequency target voltage in the linear modulation region as well as good frequency behaviour of the presented modulation strategy.

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Al Attar, Houssein, Mohamed Assaad Hamida, Malek Ghanes, and Miassa Taleb. "Review on Modeling and Control Strategies of DC–DC LLC Converters for Bidirectional Electric Vehicle Charger Applications." Energies 16, no. 9 (2023): 3946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16093946.

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Bidirectional DC–DC converters are frequently chosen for applications requiring high power density such as in bidirectional electric vehicle (EV) chargers. Vehicle to Everything (V2X) technology makes the EV battery an electrical energy source. In this article, the use of a DC–DC LLC converter used in a bidirectional EV charger is reviewed. Different modeling approaches of the DC–DC LLC converter, such as small and large signal modeling, are discussed. Common modulation strategies applied to the DC–DC LLC converter in V2X mode, such as Pulse Frequency Modulation (PFM), Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) and Phase-Shift Modulation (PSM), are presented. The new challenge is to present the main characteristics and limitations of each modulation strategy in order to cover the whole operating zone of the EV charger in V2X mode. Furthermore, different control strategies based on a small or large signal model combined with different modulation strategies are highlighted. Linear and nonlinear controllers applied to the DC–DC LLC converter are discussed. Robust controllers are mainly highlighted regarding their advantage in ensuring the control robustness with respect to unexpected disturbances. A comparative study among modulation strategies as well as different control algorithms is conducted in terms of control performance and converter efficiency in V2X mode.

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Moran, Iván F., José A. Restrepo, Martha L. Orozco-Gutierrez, and José M. Ramirez-Scarpetta. "Quasi-switched inverter using space vector pulse width modulation with triangular comparison for photovoltaic applications." TecnoLógicas 21, no. 42 (2018): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.22430/22565337.781.

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This work analyzes a prototype of a quasi-switched boost inverter (qSBI) feeding an isolated resistive load from a DC source. The use of spatial vector pulse width modulation (SPWM) with triangular comparison is proposed to increase the qSBI gain factor, and its performance is contrasted with other types of spatial vector modulations, such as discontinuous modulations. To verify the validity of the method for voltage range extension in the qSBI converter, a semi-customized test platform was developed. This platform uses a DSP floating point card (Analog Devices ADSP-21369) for processing and control strategies and an interface card that includes a programmable logic array (FPGA) from Xilinx (Spartan-3), which allows to develop the synchronized modulation qSBI needs. The experimental results show improvements in the performance of the qSBI converter in terms of gain factor, voltage reduction in the capacitor, and input current profiles. Discontinuous space vector modulation strategies do not perform well when compared to continuous SVPWM or SPWM modulations, because the ripple levels in the currents taken from the PV module are approximately twice as great as in continuous modulation techniques. Finally, the usefulness of a qSBI as PV microinverter is confirmed by two practical experimental cases of a PV photovoltaic system with a maximum power point adjustment algorithm (MPPT).

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Tousif, Meirajuddin, and Maria Akhtar. "Modulating gut microbiota in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a narrative review." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 12, no. 6 (2024): 2179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20241586.

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents a significant global health burden, necessitating innovative therapeutic approaches. Recent research has increasingly recognized the role of gut microbiota modulation in T2DM management, offering promising avenues for intervention. This systematic review synthesizes current literature investigating the impact of modulating gut microbiota on T2DM management. A comprehensive search of databases yielded studies examining various strategies, including probiotics, prebiotics, dietary interventions, and facal microbiota transplantation. Analysis of these interventions revealed their potential to improve glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and inflammation markers in individuals with T2DM. Mechanistic insights elucidate how gut microbiota modulation influences metabolic pathways, immune function, and gut barrier integrity, thereby contributing to T2DM pathophysiology. Furthermore, studies highlight the interplay between gut microbiota composition and host factors such as diet, lifestyle, and genetics, underscoring the complexity of this relationship. Modulating gut microbiota presents a promising therapeutic approach in T2DM management, with potential benefits in glycemic control and metabolic health. However, further research is warranted to optimize intervention strategies, elucidate mechanistic pathways, and explore long-term effects. The aim of this review was to underscores the importance of considering gut microbiota modulation as a complementary approach in the multifaceted management of T2DM.

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Xia, Guiyang, Linqiong Jia, Yuwen Qian, Feng Shu, Zhihong Zhuang, and Jiangzhou Wang. "Power Allocation Strategies for Secure Spatial Modulation." IEEE Systems Journal 13, no. 4 (2019): 3869–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2019.2918168.

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He, Jiayang, Yangyu Chen, Jiongtao Lin, Jianghui Chen, Li Cheng, and Yu Wang. "Review of Modeling, Modulation, and Control Strategies for the Dual-Active-Bridge DC/DC Converter." Energies 16, no. 18 (2023): 6646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16186646.

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This paper provides a comprehensive review of the existing research on the Dual Active Bridge (DAB) DC-DC converter, focusing on modeling methods, modulation strategies, optimization algorithms, and control methods. A comparative analysis of selected methods along with guidelines to assist engineers and researchers in their study of DAB is also presented. Firstly, a comprehensive review of modulation strategies for DAB is provided, ranging from classical phase-shift modulation to the popular asymmetric duty modulation. The intrinsic relationships among different modulation methods are summarized, and a comparison is made based on the difficulty of control and DAB operating characteristics. Secondly, the various modeling methods for DAB are described, including reduced-order modeling, generalized state-space averaging modeling, and discrete-time modeling methods. A comparison is made based on the suitability for different application scenarios, providing recommendations for the adoption of different modeling methods. Furthermore, a survey of optimization algorithms for modulation methods is presented, including classical algorithms, swarm intelligence optimization, and reinforcement learning algorithms. A number of criteria are proposed for different algorithms, and an analysis of the unresolved challenges and future prospects is provided. Finally, the advanced control methods for DAB are summarized based on control effectiveness and applicability. The article concludes with a summary and an outlook on future research directions is also provided.

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Tran, Quang-Tho. "Control of a Grid-connected Inverter using Sliding Mode Control." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 14, no. 3 (2024): 14558–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.7335.

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The rising popularity of grid-connected multilevel inverters with photovoltaic panels underscores the importance of effective modulation and control strategies for ensuring optimal power quality. The performance of these inverters hinges significantly on modulation and control approaches, specifically addressing issues like common mode voltage, harmonics, switching loss, and dynamic response. This study introduces a novel approach to mitigate current harmonics in these inverters by employing sliding mode control. Notably, this technique achieves harmonic reduction without necessitating an increase in the switching count. The presented technique eliminates phase-locked loop, current controllers, and carrier waves, thereby easing hardware computation. Beyond computational efficiency, this approach contributes to enhanced power quality and dynamic response within the inverter system. Simulation results affirm the efficacy of the proposed method when compared to the use of the phase opposite disposition modulation combined with the current controllers. In the nominal operational mode, the proposed method reduces the current Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), the highest magnitude of individual harmonics, and the switching count by 43.6%, 73.5%, and 19.6% respectively, compared with those of the method using the phase opposite disposition modulation combined with current controllers.

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Duval, Karine, Kathryn Luttin, and Tania Lam. "Neuromuscular strategies in the paretic leg during curved walking in individuals post-stroke." Journal of Neurophysiology 106, no. 1 (2011): 280–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00657.2010.

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Reduced flexibility over the neuromotor control of paretic leg muscles may impact the extent to which individuals post-stroke modulate their muscle activity patterns to walk along curved paths. The purpose of this study was to compare lower-limb movements and neuromuscular strategies in the paretic leg of individuals with stroke with age-matched controls during curved walking. Participants walked at their preferred walking velocity along four different paths of increasing curvature, while lower-limb kinematics and muscle activity were recorded. A second group of able-bodied individuals walked along the four paths, matching the walking speed of the stroke group. The stroke group showed reduced lower-limb joint excursion and disordered modulation of foot pressure during curved walking, accompanied by reduced modulation of muscle activity patterns. In the inner leg of the curve in control subjects, the posteromedial muscles (medial gastrocnemius and medial hamstrings) showed decreased electromyographic amplitude as path curviture increased. Conversely, activity of the posterolateral musculature of the outer leg was decreased with increasing path curvature. Activity in the tibialis anterior and gluteus medius was also modulated with path curvature. However, in the stroke group, we found reduced modulation of muscle activity in the paretic leg during curved walking. The extent of modulation was also associated with the level of physical impairment due to stroke. The results of this study provide further knowledge about neuromuscular control of locomotor adaptations post-stroke.

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Li, Jinke, and Jingyuan Yin. "Fault-Tolerant Control Strategies and Capability without Redundant Sub-Modules in Modular Multilevel Converters." Energies 12, no. 9 (2019): 1726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091726.

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Sub-module (SM) faults in modular multilevel converters (MMCs) without redundancies result in unbalanced converter output voltages and improper control of modulation due to an unequal number of SMs inserted between the different phase-legs. The derived mathematics model of the MMC demonstrates the impact of the SM fault in the circulating currents and capacitor voltages. For achieving the SM fault-tolerance, detailed analysis of the MMC’s electrical quantities under SM fault-tolerant algorithms is provided together with two modulation reconfiguration techniques for maintaining voltage balance. Fault-tolerant abilities of the two modulation algorithms are also discussed and defined. Simulation results from a 21-level converter and experimental work in a three-phase five-level converter demonstrate the feasibility and performance of the proposed fault-tolerant control strategies.

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Fathy Abouzeid, Ahmed, Juan Manuel Guerrero, Aitor Endemaño, et al. "Control Strategies for Induction Motors in Railway Traction Applications." Energies 13, no. 3 (2020): 700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030700.

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This paper analyzes control strategies for induction motors in railway applications. The paper will focus on drives operating with a low switching to fundamental frequency ratio and in the overmodulation region or six-step operation, as these are the most challenging cases. Modulation methods, efficient modes of operation of the drive and the implications for its dynamic performance, and machine design will also be discussed. Extensive simulation results, as well as experimental results, obtained from a railway traction drive, are provided.

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Kitmo, Subhashree Choudhury, Akhlaque Ahmad Khan, Sima Das, and Mohamed F. Elnaggar. "Intelligent Approach for Control Techniques Based on Complex Converter Structures." International Journal of Energy Research 2023 (December 12, 2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6770322.

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Hybrid frequency control strategies are used to eliminate the problem of current inversion in multilevel cascaded asymmetrical H-bridge inverters. Unfortunately, this technique results in unbalanced power at the inverter output. The improved hybrid PWM modulation strategy helps to regulate power balances within a reasonable range at high and low voltages, by adjusting the conduction angle of the cells in high frequencies. However, as the conduction angle of a high-voltage cell increases, the fundamental amplitude of the inverter output voltage decreases, since waveforms with absolute values greater than 2 E cannot be perfectly modulated. Based on mathematical models of the conduction time for each level synthesis method, a new modulation strategy is proposed to solve the problems associated with the two strategies mentioned above. This new high-frequency modulation strategy adopts a combination of pulse-width modulation (PWM) and step modulation to combine control of the high-voltage and low-voltage units. At given intervals, the control voltage signals of the low-voltage unit are exchanged. Finally, the power of each unit is balanced and the basic amplitude of the inverter output voltage is not affected. Finally, the MATLAB/Simulink simulation model and experimental platform verify the feasibility of this strategy.

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Habib, Benbouhenni, Boudjema Zinelaabidine, and Belaidi Abdelkader. "Comparison study between NPWM and NSVPWM strategy in FSMC control of stator reactive and active powers control of a DFIG-based wind turbine system." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering 9, no. 2 (2020): 159~172. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7349702.

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In this work, we present a comparative study between neural space vector pulse width modulation (NSVPWM) and neural pulse width modulation (NPWM) technique in fuzzy-sliding mode control (FSMC) of stator active and stator reactive power control of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) for wind energy conversion systems (WECSs). Two strategies approach using FSMC-NSVPWM and FSMC-NPWM are proposed and compared. The validity of the proposed strategies is verified by simulation tests of a DFIG (1.5MW). The reactive power, electromagnetic torque, rotor current and stator active power is determined and compared in the above strategies. The obtained results showed that the proposed FSMC with NSVPWM strategy has stator reactive and active power with low powers ripples and low rotor current harmonic distortion than NPWM strategy.

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Davou, Kaze Paul, Idris Lawal, Ajanusi Joseph, and Saidu Lawal. "Some Attempted Strategies towards the Control of Avian Coccidiosis: A Review." SOJ Immunology 6, no. 2 (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15226/2372-0948/6/2/00169.

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his paper focuses on anticoccidial drugs and resistance, poultry management, alternatives for anticoccidial drugs including dietary modulation, natural additives and herbs comprising of botanicals to coccidia. The paper also viewed at the treatment programme for coccidiosis control as well as its potential implications in meat tissue to man. Keywords: Anticoccidial drugs; Avian Coccidiosis; Coccidiostats

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Wimmer, Dominik, Markus Hutterer, Matthias Hofer, and Manfred Schrödl. "Space Vector Modulation Strategies for Self-Sensing Three-Phase Radial Active Magnetic Bearings." Actuators 8, no. 2 (2019): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act8020041.

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The focus of this study lies on the investigation of the space vector modulation of a self-sensing three-phase radial active magnetic bearing. The determination of the rotor position information is performed by a current slope-based inductance measurement of the actuator coils. Therefore, a special pulse width modulation sequence is applied to the actuator coils by a conventional three-phase inverter. The choice of the modulation type is not unique and provides degrees of freedom for different modulation patterns, which are described in this work. For a self-sensing operation of the bearing, certain constraints of the space vector modulation must be considered. The approach of a variable space vector modulation is investigated to ensure sufficient dynamic in the current control as well as the suitability for a self-sensing operation with an accurate rotor position acquisition. Therefore, different space vector modulation strategies are considered in theory as well as proven in experiments on a radial magnetic bearing prototype. Finally, the performance of the self-sensing space vector modulation method is verified by an external position measurement system.

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Reimann, Hendrik, Tyler Fettrow, and John J. Jeka. "Strategies for the Control of Balance During Locomotion." Kinesiology Review 7, no. 1 (2018): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/kr.2017-0053.

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The neural control of balance during locomotion is currently not well understood, even in the light of considerable advances in research on balance during standing. In this paper, we lay out the control problem for this task and present a list of different strategies available to the central nervous system to solve this problem. We discuss the biomechanics of the walking body, using a simplified model that iteratively gains degrees of freedom and complexity. Each addition allows for different control strategies, which we introduce in turn: foot placement shift, ankle strategy, hip strategy, and push-off modulation. The dynamics of the biomechanical system are discussed using the phase space representation, which allows illustrating the mechanical effect of the different control mechanisms. This also enables us to demonstrate the effects of common general stability strategies, such as increasing step width and cadence.

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Busacca, Alessandro, Antonino Oscar Di Tommaso, Rosario Miceli, et al. "Switching Frequency Effects on the Efficiency and Harmonic Distortion in a Three-Phase Five-Level CHBMI Prototype with Multicarrier PWM Schemes: Experimental Analysis." Energies 15, no. 2 (2022): 586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15020586.

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The current climatic scenario requires the use of innovative solutions to increase the production of electricity from renewable energy sources. Multilevel Power Inverters are a promising solution to improve the penetration of renewable energy sources into the electrical grid. Moreover, the performance of MPIs is a function of the modulation strategy employed and of its features (modulation index and switching frequency). This paper presents an extended and experimental analysis of three-phase five-level Cascaded H-Bridges Multilevel Inverter performance in terms of efficiency and harmonic content considering several MC PWM modulation strategies. In detail, the CHBMI performance is analyzed by varying the modulation index and the switching frequency. For control purposes, the NI System On Module sbRIO-9651 control board, a dedicated FPGA-based control board for power electronics and drive applications programmable in the LabVIEW environment, is used. The paper describes the modulation strategies implementation, the test bench set-up, and the experimental investigations carried out. The results obtained in terms of Total Harmonic Distorsion (THD) and efficiency are analyzed, compared, and discussed.

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Bahiddine, Miloud, and Ali Belhamra. "Fault tolerant control of permanent magnet synchronous motor based on hybrid control strategies DTC-SVM with second order sliding mode control using multi-variable filter." IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) 13, no. 2 (2024): 2111. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijai.v13.i2.pp2111-2121.

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This paper describes direct torque control (DTC) of a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) powered by a two-level voltage inverter whose switching of switches is based on the Space Vector Modulation. To overcome the robustness of the control to the presence of a fault, we included an improvement of the direct torque control with Space vector modulation (DTC-SVM) by the use of the filters for the flux and the torque and compared to the direct torque control of the DTC-SVM, the PI controllers are replaced with sliding mode blocks, This control method allows giving a new structure DTC -SVM with sliding mode control. The analysis of the results shows good performances for the speed and a considerable reduction of the fluctuations at the level of the torque and the flux.

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Shen, Jian-Xin, Dong-Min Miao, and Mengjia Jin. "Control strategies for variable-speed permanent magnet synchronous generator systems." COMPEL: The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering 34, no. 6 (2015): 1845–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-05-2015-0203.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to focus on various control strategies for permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) systems, in order to stabilize the dc link output voltage over a wide operation speed range. Design/methodology/approach – Two control methods, namely, the flux regulation control (FRC) which adjusts the stator flux linkage and then indirectly stabilize the dc link voltage, and the direct voltage control (DVC) which directly stabilize the dc link voltage by regulating the power angle, are proposed in this paper. Both methods can be realized by either approach of the conventional space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) or the proposed single voltage vector modulation (SVVM). Findings – The FRC can optimize the field in the PMSG, however, the realization is complicated. The DVC need not estimate and regulate the stator flux linkage, hence is easy to implement. On the other hand, the SVPWM can provide smooth armature current and dc link voltage, while the SVVM applies only one voltage vector during each control cycle, hence, is simple to realize and requires the minimum switching on the PWM rectifier. All cross-combinations between the two control methods and the two realization approaches work well. Originality/value – The proposed FRC and DVC methods are simpler than the conventional field oriented control, while the proposed SVVM is a novel and efficient approach to generate the PWM status. Optimal cross-combination, either of SVPWM-FRC, SVVM-FRC, SVPWM-DVC and SVVM-DVC, can be chosen to satisfy the system characters and requirements.

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Bai, Jing, Chunfu Zhang, Yanchun Liang, Adriano Tavares, and Lidong Wang. "Impact of Combined Modulation of Two Potassium Ion Currents on Spiral Waves and Turbulent States in the Heart." Entropy 26, no. 6 (2024): 446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e26060446.

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In the realm of cardiac research, the control of spiral waves and turbulent states has been a persistent focus for scholars. Among various avenues of investigation, the modulation of ion currents represents a crucial direction. It has been proved that the methods involving combined control of currents are superior to singular approaches. While previous studies have proposed some combination strategies, further reinforcement and supplementation are required, particularly in the context of controlling arrhythmias through the combined regulation of two potassium ion currents. This study employs the Luo–Rudy phase I cardiac model, modulating the maximum conductance of the time-dependent potassium current and the time-independent potassium current, to investigate the effects of this combined modulation on spiral waves and turbulent states. Numerical simulation results indicate that, compared to modulating a single current, combining reductions in the conductance of two potassium ion currents can rapidly control spiral waves and turbulent states in a short duration. This implies that employing blockers for both potassium ion currents concurrently represents a more efficient control strategy. The control outcomes of this study represent a novel and effective combination for antiarrhythmic interventions, offering potential avenues for new antiarrhythmic drug targets.

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Sureshkumar, Alagarsamy, Ramachandiran Gunabalan, Pradeep Vishnuram, Sridhar Ramsamy, and Benedetto Nastasi. "Investigation on Performance of Various Power Control Strategies with Bifilar Coil for Induction Surface Melting Application." Energies 15, no. 9 (2022): 3301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093301.

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In recent years, induction heating applications assisted by electronic power control have been very appealing. For melting applications, induction heating is widely used as it seems to be appropriate and provides higher efficiency, zero pollutants, non-contamination of material, etc. in comparison with conventional heating. The conventional variable frequency control scheme is not sufficient for melting applications because of its high switching loss, low efficiency, and lower heat rate. A superlative control technique is required to control the output power smoothly, for a high heating rate with minimum power loss, and to lower the number of components. In this paper, a capacitorless self-resonating bifilar coil is proposed for induction surface melting applications. The performance of the system in terms of modular losses, heat rate, and efficiency is analyzed for various power methods such as pulse duty cycle control, phase shift control, pulse density modulation control, and asymmetric duty cycle control. An experimental validation is performed for the 1 kW prototype, and the heating rate, efficiency, and modular losses are calculated. The control technique is digitally validated using a PIC16F877A microcontroller with 30 kHz switching frequency. The temperature distribution is analyzed using a FLIR thermal imager. Among the tested methods, pulse density modulation-based control provides smooth and varied power control from 0% to 100% with minimum modular losses. The efficiency of the system is 89% at a rated output power and is greater than 85% for pulse density modulation control with a fast heating rate.

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Bowes, S. R., and D. Holliday. "Comparison of pulse-width-modulation control strategies for three-phase inverter systems." IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications 153, no. 4 (2006): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-epa:20050334.

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Bina K., Nalongo. "Microbiome Modulation in Obesity: Role of Prebiotics and Probiotics in Hyperlipidemia Control." INOSR EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCES 13, no. 12 (2020): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.59298/inosres/2024/1332023.000.

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Obesity is a major global health issue associated with metabolic disorders such as hyperlipidemia, which predisposes individuals to cardiovascular diseases. Emerging evidence highlights the critical role of the gut microbiome in modulating host metabolism, including lipid homeostasis, making it a potential target for therapeutic interventions. Prebiotics and probiotics, which can beneficially alter gut microbial composition and function, have gained considerable attention as non-pharmacological strategies to mitigate obesity-related hyperlipidemia. This review explores the mechanisms by which microbiome modulation through prebiotics and probiotics influences lipid metabolism and fat storage, focusing on their effects on dyslipidemia in obesity. It provides a detailed overview of the gut microbiota’s role in lipid absorption, bile acid metabolism, and the regulation of lipoprotein profiles. Furthermore, the review assesses clinical evidence supporting the efficacy of prebiotics and probiotics in managing hyperlipidemia and obesity-related metabolic disorders. The therapeutic potential of these microbiome-targeted interventions is evaluated, alongside future directions for integrating microbiome modulation into obesity and hyperlipidemia treatment regimens. Keywords: Obesity; Hyperlipidemia; Gut microbiome; Prebiotics; Probiotics

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Uhlmann, E., and C. Bäcker. "Oberflächenstrukturierung von Zahnflanken*/Surface structuring of tooth flanks." wt Werkstattstechnik online 105, no. 07-08 (2015): 487–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2015-07-08-45.

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Im Hinblick auf eine nachhaltige Ressourcennutzung sowie steigende Anforderungen hinsichtlich der Belastung von Zahnrädern rücken neue Verfahrensvarianten zur Zahnradbearbeitung in den Fokus von Industrie und Wissenschaft. Derzeitige Forschungsaktivitäten beschäftigen sich mit der systematischen Analyse von kinematischen Modulationen beim Verzahnungsschleifen zur gezielten Oberflächenstrukturierung von Zahnflanken, die eine Verbesserung der Schmierbedingung im Wälzkontakt ermöglichen kann. &nbsp; In view of increasing requirements regarding surface quality and load capacity of gears, new process strategies have been developed to structure the surface of tooth flanks. Using kinematic modulation in discontinuous generating grinding creates a specific surface structure and an improved surface roughness. Technological investigations were carried out to determine the effect of kinematic modulation on the work result, varying the frequency and the amplitude.

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Sun, Zheng Hai, and Jian Ping Wang. "Summary of Rese arch Status and Control Strategies for Matrix Converter." Applied Mechanics and Materials 734 (February 2015): 910–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.734.910.

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With the further development of power electronic devices, matrix converter has many excellent properties. As high power factor converter equipment, matrix converter will have a great potential for its development. After reviewing the current situation from both domestic and abroad, this paper describes the key technology of Matrix Converter, including topology, modulation strategy and commutation problems. Finally make a summary of matrix converter operation’s enhancement and improvement of the ability of the method in abnormal conditions.

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Akshay Sharma. "Advances in Optimisation-Based Modulation and Control Techniques for Matrix Converters: A Review." Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management 10, no. 53s (2025): 805–21. https://doi.org/10.52783/jisem.v10i53s.10996.

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Matrix converters have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional power conversion systems, offering advantages such as compact size, high efficiency, and bidirectional power flow. However, their complex topology and stringent operational constraints pose significant challenges for effective modulation and control. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent advancements in optimization-based modulation and control techniques for matrix converters, highlighting their principles, implementation strategies, and performance impacts. Key methods, including Model Predictive Control (MPC) and Space Vector Modulation (SVM), are discussed, emphasizing their ability to enhance dynamic performance, reduce harmonic distortion, and improve energy efficiency. The paper also explores the integration of advanced optimization algorithms and hybrid control approaches to address system non-linearities and computational constraints. Comparative analyses with traditional techniques underscore the superior efficiency and robustness of optimization-based strategies. The findings suggest that these advancements pave the way for broader adoption of matrix converters in industrial drives, renewable energy systems, and other high-performance applications.

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Oleschuk, V.I. "Nonlinear Control of an Open-Loop Open-Winding Motor System with Modulated Converters." Problemele Energeticii Regionale 1(33) (April 15, 2017): 8–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1193553.

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Purpose of this work - to provide wider control opportunities for multiphase open-end winding motor drive by modification of basic scheme of space-vector pulse-width modulation (PWM).  It has been shown, that the proposed development of basic PWM scheme insures available solutions for realization of specific control dependences and modes of operation of adjustable speed ac drives with different types and kinds of loads. Suitable algorithms of PWM of converters of multiphase drive have been analyzed and compared. Extensive simulation studies have been executed for evaluation of performance and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. Assessment of harmonic composition of the phase voltages of drive system with modified scheme of space-vector modulation has been done. Results of the executed simulations proved the fact, that the developed techniques of spacevector pulse-width modulation allow providing quarter-wave or half-wave symmetry of waveforms of the output voltage of six-phase adjustable speed drive systems during the analyzed non-standard modes and regimes of its operation. 

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Islam, Md Rashedul, Md Maruful Islam, Md Kamal Hossain, and Pintu Kumar Sadhu. "Performance Analysis of a DTC and SVM Based Field-Orientation Control Induction Motor Drive." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 5, no. 3 (2015): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v5.i3.pp336-343.

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<p>This study presents a performance analysis of two most popular control strategies for Induction Motor (IM) drives: direct torque control (DTC) and space vector modulation (SVM) strategies. The performance analysis is done by applying field-orientation control (FOC) technique because of its good dynamic response. The theoretical principle, simulation results are discussed to study the dynamic performances of the drive system for individual control strategies using actual parameters of induction motor. A closed loop PI controller scheme has been used. The main purpose of this study is to minimize ripple in torque response curve and to achieve quick speed response as well as to investigate the condition for optimum performance of induction motor drive. Depending on the simulation results this study also presents a detailed comparison between direct torque control and space vector modulation based field-orientation control method for the induction motor drive.</p>

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حسين, محمد. "DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OF PWM STRATEGIES FOR INVERTER FED INDUCTION MOTOR." Journal of Engineering 15, no. 03 (2009): 4009–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2009.03.14.

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Several sophisticated or "optimum" modulation strategies have been suggested for voltage source pulse with modulated (PWM) inverters for ac motor control. These modulation strategies may suppress specific low – order harmonics or minimize total harmonic.The effectiveness of these (PWM) techniques in minimizing harmonic and reducing torque pulsation is investigated analytically, and their performance is compared with that of the usual sinusoidal or sub-harmonic PWM approach. The influence of skin effect on motor (I2R copper losses) is taken into consideration, and harmonic core losses are compared. Peak current is also an important factor in inverter design, and the various modulation strategies are again compared on this basis. Fourier analysis techniques are used in order to allow skin effect phenomena to be taken into consideration and performance criteria are developed to allow comparisons of waveform quality with respect of harmonic copper and iron losses.

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Ch., Lokeshwar Reddy, and Janardhan G. "Enhancing the Performance of Multilevel Inverters using Modified SVPWM Techniques." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) 9, no. 3 (2020): 3632–40. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.B4402.029320.

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In this paper, two types seven-level multilevel inverters in three phase configuration, Cascaded H-bridge Multilevel Inverter (CMLI) and Diode Clamped Multilevel Inverter (DCMLI) are simulated and compared the results for three different carrier PWM techniques. Here, Carrier based Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM), Third Harmonic Injected Pulse Width Modulation (THIPWM) and Modified Carrier-Based Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) are used as modulation strategies. These modulation strategies include Phase Disposition technique (PD), Phase Opposition Disposition technique (POD), and Alternate Phase Opposition Disposition technique (APOD). In all the modulation strategies, triangular carrier and trapezoidal triangular carrier signals are compared with reference signal for generation of control pulses. The simulations have been carried out for seven-level CMLI and DCMLI using MATLAB/Simulink. The detailed analysis of results in terms of %THD and utilization of DC-link voltage has been presented in this paper. By increasing the performance of inverters the utilization of input energy is reduced, then the corresponding energy sources can be reduced.

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Benbouhenni, Habib. "A comparison study between fuzzy PWM and SVM inverter in NSMC control of stator active and reactive power control of a DFIG based wind turbine systems." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering 8, no. 1 (2019): 78–92. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v8.i1.pp78-92.

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In this work, we present a comparative study between space vector modulation (SVM) and fuzzy pulse width modulation (FPWM) technique in neuro-sliding mode control (NSMC) of stator reactive and stator active power control of the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) for wind turbine system (WTS). Two controls approach using NSMC-SVM and NSMC-FPWM control scheme are proposed and compared. The validity of the proposed control techniques is verified by simulation tests of a DFIG. The reactive power, rotor current and stator active power is determined and compared in the above strategies. The obtained results showed that the proposed NSMC with FPWM strategy has stator reactive and active power with low powers ripples and low rotor current harmonic distortion than SVM technique.

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Habib, Benbouhenni. "A comparison study between fuzzy PWM and SVM inverter in NSMC control of stator active and reactive power control of a DFIG based wind turbine systems." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering 8, no. 1 (2019): 78~92. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7354020.

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In this work, we present a comparative study between space vector modulation (SVM) and fuzzy pulse width modulation (FPWM) technique in neuro-sliding mode control (NSMC) of stator reactive and stator active power control of the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) for wind turbine system (WTS). Two controls approach using NSMC-SVM and NSMCFPWM control scheme are proposed and compared. The validity of the proposed control techniques is verified by simulation tests of a DFIG. The reactive power, rotor current and stator active power is determined and compared in the above strategies. The obtained results showed that the proposed NSMC with FPWM strategy has stator reactive and active power with low powers ripples and low rotor current harmonic distortion than SVM technique.

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Sandra, Lagén, Gelabert X., Hansson A., Requena Manuel, and Giupponi Lorenza. "Fronthaul Compression Control for Shared Fronthaul Access Networks." IEEE Commun Mag 60, no. 10 (2022): 36–42. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.001.2100959.

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There is a widely held belief that future radio access network architectures will be characterized by increased levels of virtualization, whereby base station functionalities, traditionally residing at a single location, will be scattered across different logical entities while being interfaced via high-speed fronthaul (FH) links. For the deployment of such FH links, operators are faced with the challenge of maintaining acceptable radio access performance while at the same time keeping deployment costs low. A common practice is to exploit statistical multiplexing by allowing several cells to utilize the same FH link. As a result, in order to cope with the resulting aggregated traffic, different techniques can be used to reduce the required FH data rates. Herein, we focus on FH compression control strategies for multiple-ceilimuitiple-user scenarios sharing a common FH link. We propose various methods for sounding reference signal (SRS) handling, and analyze different FH-aware modulation data compression and scheduling strategies. Considering a full system setup, including the radio and FH access networks, numerical evaluation is conducted using a 5G NR system-level simulator implemented in ns-3. Simulation results show that under stringent FH capacity constraints, optimized modulation compression strategies provide significant user-perceived throughput gains over baseline strategies (between 5.2 × and 6.9 ×). On top of them, SRS handling methods achieve additional 2 to 41 percent gains. © 1979-2012 IEEE.

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Benbouhenni, Habib. "A comparison study between fuzzy PWM and SVM inverter in NSMC control of stator active and reactive power control of a DFIG based wind turbine systems." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 8, no. 1 (2019): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v8.i1.pp78-92.

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Mahalingam, Karthika, and Nisha Kandencheri Chellaiah Ramji. "A comparative analysis of torque ripple reduction techniques for sensor BLDC drive." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 13, no. 1 (2022): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v13.i1.pp122-131.

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Brushless direct current motors (BLDC) are prominent due to their high efficiency and less maintenance. However, BLDC motor applications are limited due to the requirement of a complex controller, the existence of torque ripple, and high cost. This research work describes the comparative analysis of different control strategies of torque ripple reduction in BLDC motors and it discusses various topologies viz. cuk converter, simple voltage modulator scheme, charged capacitor, Z-source inverter, and Quasi- Z source inverter-based toque ripple reduction techniques. The effectiveness of different control strategies has been verified using MATLAB Simulink and it helps to understand different control strategies for torque ripple reduction during the entire speed range. The analysis of MATLAB results reveal that the voltage modulation scheme reduces the torque ripple considerably during the entire speed range along with the noise- less operation of the BLDC motor when compared with other topologies.

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Karthika, Mahalingam, and Kandencheri Chellaiah Ramji Nisha. "A comparative analysis of torque ripple reduction techniques for sensor BLDC drive." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 13, no. 1 (2022): 122–31. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v13.i1.pp122-131.

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Pan, Yuzhuo, Chen Lv, Shanhe Su, and Jincan Chen. "Intelligent Control Circuit Integral with Pattern Recognition Techniques for High-Pressure Sodium Lamps." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 26, no. 07 (2017): 1750108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126617501080.

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The paper presents the analysis, simulation, and experimental methods to eliminate acoustic resonance in high-frequency high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps and integrate intelligent control strategies in the working device. Based on the pulse-width modulation (PWM) output generated by the microcontroller, the acoustic resonance in the high-frequency lamp can be successfully eliminated by modulating the high-frequency driving current via a low-frequency signal. Particularly, by implementing the pattern recognition, the control system enables the lamp to have the abilities of accurate timing, gradient dimming, automatic protection, and intellisense. The proposed model will provide useful information for designing intelligent lighting system towards smart cities.

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Carvalho, Edivan Laercio, Luiz Henrique Meneghetti, Emerson Giovani Carati, Jean Patric da Costa, Carlos Marcelo de Oliveira Stein, and Rafael Cardoso. "Asymmetrical Pulse-Width Modulation Strategy for Current-Fed Dual Active Bridge Bidirectional Isolated Converter Applied to Energy Storage Systems." Energies 13, no. 13 (2020): 3475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13133475.

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This paper proposes an asymmetrical pulse-width modulation (PWM) strategy for current-fed dual-active bridge (CFDAB) converters applied to energy storage systems (ESS). The ESS application considers low-voltage and high-capacity batteries, for low-power applications, such as data centers, residential photovoltaic systems (PV), and uninterruptable power supplies (UPS). The proposed modulation permits the use of an isolation transformer with negligible leakage inductance and, therefore, avoids the use of auxiliary circuits such as snubbers, active-clamp, or resonant cells. Hence, the converter implementation is simplified. The modulation also benefits the design of the control system because the converter can be modeled and controlled using simple strategies. A straightforward, large-signal model for the battery charge mode, which is valid over all the operation range of the converter, is obtained. Also, the converter operates with a fixed dc bus voltage on both charge and discharge modes. These characteristics represent a significant advantage when the CFDAB with PWM modulation is compared with phase-shifted or frequency modulations, commonly applied in these converters.

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Ruiz-Gonzalez, Antonio, Juan Ramón Heredia-Larrubia, Mario Meco-Gutierrez, and Francisco-M. Perez-Hidalgo. "Pulse-Width Modulation Technique With Harmonic Injection in the Modulating Wave and Discontinuous Frequency Modulation for the Carrier Wave for Multilevel Inverters: An Application to the Reduction of Acoustic Noise in Induction Motors." IEEE ACCESS 11, no. 1 (2023): 40579–90. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3269593.

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An implementation of a harmonic injection pulse width modulation frequency-modulated triangular carrier (HIPWM-FMTC) control strategy applied to a multilevel power inverter feeding an asynchronous motor is presented. The aim was to justify the reduction in acoustic noise emitted by the machine compared with other strategies in the technical literature. In addition, we checked how the THD at the inverter output was reduced compared to the other control techniques used as a reference. The proposed strategy is based on frequency modulation of the triangular carrier. The main advantage of the proposed method is that only one control parameter is required for modifying the electrical spectrum. Therefore, the mechanical natural frequencies and spatial harmonics of the machine can be avoided, and acoustic noise can be reduced. The effectiveness of the technique was demonstrated after laboratory validation by comparing the acoustic results for a 1 kW motor. The results obtained from the laboratory tests are presented and compared with those of other acoustic measurements using different PWM strategies.

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Qi, Junfeng, Fei Tang, Jiarui Xie, Xinang Li, Xiaoqing Wei, and Zhuo Liu. "Research on Frequency Response Modeling and Frequency Modulation Parameters of the Power System Highly Penetrated by Wind Power." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (2022): 7798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14137798.

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Renewable energy units led by wind power participate in diversified control primary frequency modulation, making the frequency response modes and the setting of frequency modulation parameters more complex. This paper proposes a frequency response model of the power system which is highly penetrated by wind power based on the two mainstream control strategies of wind power that participate in primary frequency modulation. The model considers the influence of wind capture devices, maximum power point tracking (MPPT), and other complex control strategies on system frequency response. Based on this model, the calculation formulas of the maximum change rate of dynamic frequency, the lowest point of dynamic frequency, and the maximum steady-state frequency deviation of the system after fault disturbance are derived in the frequency domain. The influences of wind power permeability and two typical frequency response control strategies on system frequency stability are analyzed. On the one hand, it is found that the proposed model can fit the system frequency response better than the traditional system frequency response model. Beyond that, two control strategies are mainly aimed at the different frequency stability requirements. On the other hand, under the condition of meeting the system’s stability requirements, the paper calculates the control parameters of frequency response of the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG). The time-domain simulation model of the improved IEEE three-machine nine-node system and IEEE 39-node system with high permeability of wind power are built. Through the different fault scenarios, the simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed model and the accuracy of control strategy parameter calculation.

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