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Journal articles on the topic 'Control and supervisory functions'
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1
Furness, R. J., A. Galip Ulsoy, and C. L. Wu. "Supervisory Control of Drilling." Journal of Engineering for Industry 118, no. 1 (1996): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2803630.
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A supervisory process control approach to machining is presented in this paper, and demonstrated by application to a drilling operation. The supervisory process control concept incorporates optimization and control functions in a hierarchical structure. This approach utilizes feedback measurements to parameterize the constraints of a process optimization problem whose solution determines both strategies and references for process control. For this particular drilling operation, a three-phase strategy (utilizing a combination of feed, speed, and torque control) evolved due to inherent variation in constraint activity as a function of hole depth. A controller comparison study was conducted which demonstrates the advantages of this approach compared to (1) uncontrolled “conventional” drilling, (2) feed and speed controlled drilling, and (3) torque and speed controlled drilling. Benefits of reduced machining time, improved hole quality, and the elimination of tool breakage are demonstrated, and the potential economic impact is highlighted for an example production application.
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SULLIVAN, GERALD A. "Adaptive control with expert system based supervisory functions." International Journal of Systems Science 27, no. 9 (1996): 839–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207729608929284.
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Kukolj, Dragan, and Miroslava Berko-Pusic. "Advanced Supervisory Control Functions based on Computational Intelligence." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 33, no. 28 (2000): 237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)36840-4.
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Xue, Da, and Nael H. El-Farra. "Supervisory Event-Triggered Control of Uncertain Process Networks: Balancing Stability and Performance." Mathematics 10, no. 12 (2022): 1964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10121964.
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This work presents a methodological framework for the design of a resource-aware supervisory control system for process networks with model uncertainty and communication resource constraints. The developed framework aims to balance the objective of closed-loop stabilization of the overall network with that of meeting the local performance requirements of the component subsystems while keeping the rate of data transfer between the local control systems to a minimum. First, a quasi-decentralized networked control structure, with a set of local model-based controllers communicating with one another over a shared communication medium at discrete times, is designed. A Lyapunov stability analysis of the closed-loop system is then carried out, and the results are used to derive appropriate bounds on the local model state estimation errors as well as the dissipation rates of the local control Lyapunov functions. These bounds are used as stability and performance thresholds to trigger communication between the local control systems and a higher-level supervisor that coordinates the transfer of state measurements between the distributed control systems. A breach of the local stability and performance thresholds generates alarm signals which are transmitted to the supervisor to determine which subsystems should communicate with one another. The supervisor employs a composite Lyapunov function to assess the impact of the local threshold breaches on the stability of the overall closed-loop system. The supervisory communication logic takes account of the evolution of the local and composite Lyapunov functions in order to balance the stability and local performance requirements. Finally, the developed framework is demonstrated using a representative chemical process network and compared with other unsupervised event-based control approaches. It is shown that the supervisory event-based control approach leads to a more judicious utilization of network resources that helps improve closed-loop process performance in the presence of unexpected disturbances and input rate constraints.
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Zhang, Jing Xuan, Zhi Gang Di, and Chun Rong Jia. "Automatic Supervisory Control System of Quenching Temperature in Steel Mill." Advanced Materials Research 756-759 (September 2013): 318–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.318.
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In forging process, quenching temperature is the critical factor on affecting products solidity and wear resistance. In order to guarantee products quality and improve work efficiency, it is very essential to monitor and control quenching temperature automatically. To keep quenching temperature in normal range, a novel automatic supervisory control system based on SCM minimum system was designed. By selecting appropriate sensor and corresponding signal processing, the system realized functions of many furnace temperature supervisory, temperature excursion alarming and temperature regulating. By simulation results, the system can realize automatic and intelligent supervisory, also, the system has characteristics of simple hardware, high reliability, powerful functions and strong practicality.
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Ismanjanov, Akbar, Farrukh Shadiev, and Nigorakhonim Umarova. "CONTROL AS A TYPE OF STATE-MANAGEMENT ACTIVITY. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CONCEPTS OF "CONTROL" AND "SUPERVISION"." JOURNAL OF LAW RESEARCH 6, no. 7 (2021): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9130-2021-7-2.
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The authors investigate the purposes of state control and compare its external and internal aspects.The legal aspects of the correlation of the terms "control" and "supervision" are also analyzed. Examples of control are given (the controlling functions of state organizations, for example, the controlling functions of the Ministry of Employment and Labor Relations of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the controlling functions of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Uzbekistan, etc.), as well as the disclosure of such concepts as supervision and the state body authorized to oversee the activities of other state organizations, including law enforcement agencies. At the same time, a comparative table is provided, which reflects (provides a list of) state organizations (institutions) that have the authority in accordance with legislative acts to perform controlling functions, and at the same time, the supervisory department is also given along with the disclosure of concepts for its supervisory activities. Also, the final part of this article contains proposals for improving the activities of control and supervisory departments in the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as examples of the practice of the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States, such as the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus
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KUKOLJ, DRAGAN D., MIROSLAVA T. BERKO-PUSIC, and BRANISLAV ATLAGIC. "Experimental design of supervisory control functions based on multilayer perceptrons." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 15, no. 5 (2001): 425–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060401155058.
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This article presents the results of research concerning possibilities of applying multilayer perceptron type of neural network for fault diagnosis, state estimation, and prediction in the gas pipeline transmission network. The influence of several factors on accuracy of the multilayer perceptron was considered. The emphasis was put on the multilayer perceptrons' function as a state estimator. The choice of the most informative features, the amount and sampling period of training data sets, as well as different configurations of multilayer perceptrons were analyzed.
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Kukolj, Dragan. "DESIGN OF SUPERVISORY CONTROL FUNCTIONS BASED ON FEEDFORWARD NEURAL NETWORKS." Cybernetics and Systems 31, no. 7 (2000): 749–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01969720050192045.
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Runtunuwu, Martha N. F., Jetty Erna Hilda Mokat, and Itje Pangkey. "Implementation of Duties and Functions of the Minahasa Regency Regional Inspectorate." Technium Social Sciences Journal 21 (July 9, 2021): 8–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v21i1.3899.
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The aims of this research are to; 1) describe and analyze the implementation of the Inspectorate's duties and functions in the implementation of internal control over performance and finances through audits, reviews, evaluations, monitoring/monitoring and other supervisory activities; 2) analyze and explain the determinant factors that determine the implementation of the functions and functions of the Inspectorate in the implementation of internal control over performance and finance through audits, reviews, evaluations, monitoring/monitoring and other supervisory activities. This study uses a qualitative research approach with qualitative descriptive methods. The findings found in this study are: The implementation of the Inspectorate function of Minahasa Regency in terms of the implementation of the supervisory function has not been optimal even though regulations related to policies have been made. This research takes place at the Regional Inspectorate of Minahasa Regency, the target is the Functional Officer of the Supervisory Administration of Government Affairs in the region (PPUPD).
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Morozov, Sergei Andreevich. "Types and classification of administrative control and supervisory procedures in Russia." NB: Административное право и практика администрирования, no. 3 (March 2024): 80–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2306-9945.2024.3.71621.
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The implementation of the administrative reform of the control and supervisory sphere in the Russian Federation has caused serious transformations in the activities of authorities implementing the functions of state control (supervision). The adoption of Federal Law No. 248-FZ dated 07/31/2020 "On State Control (Supervision) and Municipal Control in the Russian Federation" strongly influenced both external and internal aspects of administrative procedures implemented by executive authorities in the course of their exercise of state control (supervision) functions, which requires serious scientific analysis. One of the main applied scientific methods of cognition and description of legal reality is the classification of the studied objects. Within the framework of this article, the author studies the system of administrative control and supervisory procedures, identifies their various types and classifies them.To conduct the research, the classification method was used primarily as one of the main methods of scientific knowledge of law, as well as legal methods proper, including the formal legal method. As a result of the study, the main major characteristics of administrative control and supervisory procedures were analyzed (reconfiguration of types of state control and supervision, scaling of the control and supervisory sphere, establishment of new forms of control (supervisory) measures), the main scientific views on the classification of administrative control and supervisory procedures were considered. As a result, the grounds for classifying the procedures under consideration were formulated, including the form of the control (supervisory) event, the supervisory authority involved in the procedure and the area of state control (supervision). There are several types of administrative control and supervisory procedures, including standard and special procedures, monosubject and polysubject procedures, as well as a variety of procedures depending on the sphere of public relations, in which mandatory requirements are established, the verification of compliance with which is carried out within the framework of state control (control procedures in the field of communications, transport, etc.).
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Morozov, Sergey. "Errors and violations that occur during the implementation of administrative control and supervisory procedures: concept, sources and types." Legal Science and Practice: Journal of Nizhny Novgorod Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 2024, no. 3 (2024): 303–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36511/2078-5356-2024-3-303-309.
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In this article, the author analyzes the practical side of the implementation of administrative control and supervisory procedures by executive authorities in the course of implementing the functions of state control (supervision), namely, an attempt is made to study the errors and violations made by control and supervisory authorities. In the course of the analysis of a set of doctrinal, regulatory and legal sources, as well as materials of law enforcement and judicial practice, the concept of errors and violations is formulated, such defects of the administrative control and supervisory procedure as errors, gross violations and non-gross violations are identified, differing both in their content and in the accompanying consequences. The author also identifies the sources of violations in the activities of executive authorities in the course of their control and supervisory functions. Based on the sources of gross violations of the administrative control and supervisory procedure, a classification of such violations is carried out, including violations of an informational nature, violations of the subjective nature of the composition of participants in the procedure, violations of the procedure and others. In the course of the study, the author also expresses a position regarding the expansion of the interpretation of the concept of “gross violation” and the need to make appropriate changes to the current regulatory legal acts governing the establishment and implementation of administrative control and supervisory procedures.
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Shvets, Yu I. "PROBLEMS OF DELIMITATION OF POWERS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE SUPERVISORY BOARD AND THE EXECUTIVE BODY OF THE BANK." Economics and Law, no. 1 (April 15, 2021): 30–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/econlaw.2021.01.030.
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The article is devoted to the study of the issue of delimitation of powers and areas of responsibility between the supervisory board and the executive body of the Bank. There is a contradiction between the rules regarding the realization of the supervisory board management and control over bank’s management in Ukrainian legislation, management and control (supervisory) functions of the supervisory board are insufficiently differentiated, which complicates application of law and understanding the legal status of the supervisory board. In this regard, it is extremely difficult to define the responsibilities and powers of the members of the supervisory board and members of executive board in the bank, as well as to separate the responsibilities and powers of the members of the supervisory board from the responsibilities and powers of the executive board members. Law does not fully define the limits of the powers of the supervisory board and the executive board in the bank. This is due to the lack of an exhaustive list of issues on which decision-making falls within the competence of the supervisory board, and the unregulated legal status of the supervisory board. The legislator distinguishes between such concepts as "competence" and "exclusive competence" of the supervisory board. If law provides the issues related to the "exclusive competence" of the supervisory board, law does not define the list of issues related to the "competence" of the supervisory board. However, the members of the supervisory board and the executive board of the bank are responsible for the activities of the bank within their powers. Given the above, it is impossible to establish the scope of responsibility of members of the supervisory board and to differentiate the responsibilities of members of supervisory board and members of the executive board. The reason for this is the combination of the functions of the supervisory board according to the American model (when the supervisory board and the executive body are united in one body — the board of directors) and the German model (separately the supervisory board and the executive body). Despite the fact that Ukraine has chosen a two-tier corporate governance structure, which is widely used in Germany, the way to apply this structure is different. Under Ukrainian law, the supervisory board, like the executive body, is responsible for the management of the joint-stock company, which is more typical of the powers of the board of directors according to the American model. The article proposes to develop and define in the law the boundary between current management and strategic management, between management and control, as well as the legal consequences of the supervisory board’s decisions on operational activities and the procedure for delegation of powers between the bank’s bodies. It is considered correct if the competence of the supervisory board should include only control (supervisory) functions and the responsibility of the members of the supervisory board should be limited exclusively to the control over the work of the executive board.
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Labed, Abdeldjalil, Ikram Saadaoui, Hanyu E, Mohammed A. El-Meligy, Zhiwu Li, and Mohamed Sharaf. "Language Recovery in Discrete-Event Systems against Sensor Deception Attacks." Mathematics 11, no. 10 (2023): 2313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11102313.
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Cyber-physical systems are characterized by the intrinsic combination of software and physical components that usually include (wired and wireless) communication devices, sensors, actuators, and control processing units. Some wireless devices communicate over insecure channels, rendering cyber-physical systems at risk of malicious attacks that might lead to catastrophic damage. This paper touches upon the problem of sensor deception attacks in supervisory control of discrete-event systems, where an attacker can insert, delete, or replace sensor readings to mislead the supervisor and induce system damage. We model potential attacks using nondeterministic finite-state transducers and then introduce a new defence strategy that utilizes insertion functions. Insertion functions are a type of monitoring interface that alters the system’s behaviour by adding extra observable events. Finally, we construct a nondeterministic finite-state transducer called a supervisor filter that recovers the original language generated by the plant by handling the altered language. The insertion function and the supervisor filter cooperate to control the system and confuse the intruder without confusing the supervisor.
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Smirnova, Ekaterina, and Boris Spassky. "Organization of supervisory control in scenarios of extreme robotics." Robotics and Technical Cybernetics 8, no. 4 (2020): 245–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31776/rtcj.8401.
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The article describes the general principles of supervisory control organization in extreme robotics scenarios with different levels of autonomy. It is shown that increasing the level of autonomy of the robot allows reducing the operator’s load due to the division of labor between man and machine and to the implementation of the supervisory control mode, the essence of which is the decomposition of the mission into scenarios, which describe algorithms for solving functionally completed tasks and consists of sequence of simple technological operations. Such scenarios are executed automatically. In this case, the operator mainly implements the functions of monitoring and diagnostics, and the control functions are reduced to making decisions about the execution of the next scenario or intervention into execution of the current scenario in cases when the robot makes an obvious mistake or encounters a problem that it cannot solve on its own. Examples of supervisory control implementation when performing work on critical infrastructure facilities, performing search and rescue and other special operations under challenging conditions, including those of heterogeneous groups of robots, are given.
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Feldmann, K., A. W. Colombo, E. Rauh, and H. Rottbauer. "Combining Discrete-Event Control and Simulation-Based Monitoring for Supervisory Functions." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 30, no. 19 (1997): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)42295-6.
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Alpan, G., and B. Gaujal. "Supervisory control of Petri nets using routing functions: starvation avoidance issues." IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics) 30, no. 5 (2000): 684–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3477.875445.
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Tursnia, Siti Rahmah, Neviyarni, and Firman. "Ketentuan Pengawas Dalam Pelaksanaan BK di Sekolah: A Literature Review." Education & Learning 2, no. 2 (2022): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.57251/el.v2i2.519.
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The provisions related to supervisors have been regulated in several government regulations. The term supervision in some foreign literature can at least be understood in the context of: (1) inspection, (2) control, and (3) supervision. The three terms above have different meanings. Inspection has the essence of building legal compliance, namely compliance with binding laws and institutional regulations. The duties and responsibilities of supervisors in the field of guidance and counseling refer to (Depdiknas, 2009 which refers to PP No. 74 of 2008). Improving the ability of BK teachers in utilizing the learning environment and improving the ability of BK teachers in preparing and implementing BK programs in schools is one of the objectives of supervision. The elements of supervision are education supervisors, academic and managerial supervision, professional development supervisors, and supporting supervisors. The problem that we often encounter is that there are still many school/madrasah supervisors who do not know and understand the role they must play and the functions they carry out. For this reason, an effort or solution that must be done immediately is that the government should review the performance of school supervisors objectively, then supervisors should be encouraged to take part in supervisory exercises carried out by the government or related agencies in order to know the development of information and improve the competence of a supervisor.
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Wu, Ping Li. "Logic Design of Furnace Safeguard Supervisory System for Gas-Fired Boiler." Advanced Materials Research 546-547 (July 2012): 845–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.546-547.845.
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In this paper, We designed Furnace Safeguard Supervisory System (FSSS) of gas-fired boiler, which includes the logic design of sweep control for ignition before and after shutdown, the logic design of sequence control for boiler ignition and blast-furnace gas, the logic design of Master Furl Trip(MFT) and Flame Detection. We achieved a gas-fired boiler furnace safeguard supervisory functions.
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Titor, S. E. "Education management in Germany." E-Management 5, no. 1 (2022): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/2658-3445-2022-5-1-69-79.
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Russia is actively reforming the state control and supervisory functions in the various spheres of activity. In education, the reform has launched in 2020. The purpose of risk-oriented model of the organisation of control and supervisory activities is to reduce the number of inspections and administrative pressure on business, increasing the legally protected values protection level. Since the risk-oriented model is being introduced again for Russia, it is relevant, in this regard, to analyse the control (supervision) experience in education abroad. The main purpose of the study is to identify positive or negative experience in the management of the education sector in Germany that can be applied in legislative and applied practice in Russia. By comparative and analytical methods, the study reveals common and special features of education management in Germany compared to Russia. The scientific research novelty is the Germany’s education management experience study in comparison with Russia in the perspective of control and supervisory functions.
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Sirotov, A. V., A. S. Lapin, A. Yu Tesovskiy, F. A. Karchin, and M. S. Usachev. "Supervisory controlled forest machines." FORESTRY BULLETIN 25, no. 4 (2021): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2021-4-121-128.
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The article presents structural diagrams of an automated control system for technological processes and information flows of logging operations. The article includes subject and research methodology. The study in a field of logging operations confirms the fact of increasing rate of using special forest machinery like forest harvesters for conducting timber-logging operations. One of the main advantages of forest harvesters is the automated functions that allow the control system to optimize the cutting of the tree trunk, taking into account the price of the assortment and its optimal parameters. The majority of forest harvesters in service are equipped with a continuous pull-through harvesting head. It is shown that reducing production and resource losses, preserving the natural environment and adequate measures for the reproduction of wood resources becomes possible due to the transfer of management of forestry processes to a qualitatively new level through the use of modern automated control systems for technological processes and information flows (APCS IP). The development of a software decision support system (DSS) was conducted according to the results of the data process analysis. The automated decision support system provides support for operator activities and a model for making a decision on the appointment and execution of timber-logging operations.
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Chi, Chuanguo, Guo-Ping Liu, and Wenshan Hu. "Design and implementation of a mobile terminal cloud supervisory control platform for networked control systems." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 44, no. 5 (2021): 1070–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01423312211049214.
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This paper investigates the design and implementation of a mobile terminal cloud supervisory control (MTCSC) platform based on networked control systems (NCSs). The platform relying on mobile programming and C/S architecture provides real-time data transmission and supervisory for the cloud control system (CCS). Users can deploy the platform in smart phones, tablet computers and other mobile devices, which solves the problem of the dependence on PC for networked supervisory system. Both asynchronous data receiving and synchronous real-time monitoring of different cloud nodes are supported on mobile terminal. Additionally, through data cloud transmission, users can realize remote cloud monitoring. Moreover, to overcome the data delay during users’ monitoring and to improve the reliability of the system, a multi-threaded communication and real-time communication scheme are proposed. The virtual instruments and function modules of the system can be customized by users, which not only increase the flexibility of operation but also enhance the customization and expansion of functions. Finally, the feasibility of the MTCSC platform is verified by online simulation and experiment.
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Chi, Chuanguo, Guo-Ping Liu, and Wenshan Hu. "Design and implementation of a mobile terminal cloud supervisory control platform for networked control systems." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 44, no. 5 (2021): 1070–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01423312211049214.
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This paper investigates the design and implementation of a mobile terminal cloud supervisory control (MTCSC) platform based on networked control systems (NCSs). The platform relying on mobile programming and C/S architecture provides real-time data transmission and supervisory for the cloud control system (CCS). Users can deploy the platform in smart phones, tablet computers and other mobile devices, which solves the problem of the dependence on PC for networked supervisory system. Both asynchronous data receiving and synchronous real-time monitoring of different cloud nodes are supported on mobile terminal. Additionally, through data cloud transmission, users can realize remote cloud monitoring. Moreover, to overcome the data delay during users’ monitoring and to improve the reliability of the system, a multi-threaded communication and real-time communication scheme are proposed. The virtual instruments and function modules of the system can be customized by users, which not only increase the flexibility of operation but also enhance the customization and expansion of functions. Finally, the feasibility of the MTCSC platform is verified by online simulation and experiment.
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Iskandar, Iskandar. "AUTHORITY OF GOVERNMENT INTERNAL SUPERVISORY APPARATUS IN LICENSING OF NATURAL RESOURCES TO PREVENT CORRUPTION, COLLUSION AND NEPOTISM." Yuridika 34, no. 1 (2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ydk.v34i1.8395.
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The occurrence of CCN in the procedure of issuing natural resources licensing is partly caused by the weakness of supervision aspect. In fact, the purpose of supervision is basically intended to prevent the occurrence of CCN. This paper is intended to examine the legal issue of how the regulation of the authority of the government's internal supervisor (GISA) is in performing the supervisory function based on the prevailing provisions, and how GISA's authority relates to the supervisory function in the natural resource licensing governance to prevent and eradicate CCN. This is a normative juridical study analyzing the primary and secondary legal materials. The analysis is conducted by qualitative juridical. The result of the study shows that the authority of GISA in performing the function of general and technical supervision has been regulated in various regulations. However, related to appointment in position and responsibility mechanism of execution of task and function of GISA there is still a weakness, as it is done not in stages the results of performance are potentially not objective. The authority of GISA which specifically relates to supervisory functions in natural resource licensing has not explicitly been regulated in the existing regulations. However, GISA remains authorized to monitor the governance of natural resource licensing. Therefore, the issuance of all permit decisions including natural resource licensing is the implementation of government functions, while internal control in the administration of government functions belongs to GISA’s authority.
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Shepelev, Denis Viktorovich. "Assessment of corruption risks in the Federal Executive bodies exercising control and Supervisory functions." Current Issues of the State and Law, no. 10 (2019): 190–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-9340-2019-3-10-190-199.
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The relevance of the study is due to the priority tasks facing the state, among which a special place is occupied by the activities to prevent and combat corruption, minimize and eliminate the consequences of corruption offenses, including in the field of public administration. The purpose of the study is a General description of the assessment of corruption risks in the Federal Executive bodies, carrying out control and Supervisory functions. In considering these issues, the author used General, General scientific and private scientific methods, including formal legal. The author analyzes the corruption-dangerous functions, the main stages of corruption risk assessment and the whole system of corruption risk management. The study formed proposals to improve the methods aimed at minimizing the identified corruption risks in the course of the functions of state bodies. The proposed measures, reflected in the conclusions of the work, can be used by the Federal Executive bodies exercising control and Supervisory functions in order to improve their activities.
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Fei, Juntao, Wanru Juan, and Tianhua Li. "An Adaptive Fuzzy Control Approach for the Robust Tracking of a MEMS Gyroscope Sensor." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 8, no. 5 (2011): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/50905.
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In this paper, a direct adaptive fuzzy control using a supervisory compensator is designed for the robust tracking of a MEMS gyroscope sensor. The parameters of the membership functions are adjusted according to the designed adaptive law for the purpose of tracking a reference trajectory. A fuzzy controller that can approximate the unknown nonlinear function and compensate the system's nonlinearities is incorporated into the adaptive control scheme in the Lyapunov framework. A supervisory compensator is adopted to guarantee the stability of the closed loop system. Numerical simulations for a MEMS angular velocity sensor are investigated in order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive fuzzy control scheme and show that the system using the designed fuzzy controller with a supervisory compensator has better tracking performance and robustness than that using only a fuzzy control without a supervisory compensator in the presence of external disturbances.
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Maslennikova, E. V. "Analysis of the Russian experience in reforming control and supervisory activities (part 2)." RUDN Journal of Public Administration 5, no. 3 (2018): 318–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8313-2018-5-3-318-342.
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The modern period of reform of control and Supervisory activities is full of events, novelties of norm-setting, social experiments. In recent years, the main vector of reforms is aimed at respecting the interests of controlled objects in the preparation and conduct of control and Supervisory activities, the introduction of risk-based control, allowing to concentrate resources for control and supervision in those areas where there is a high probability of violation of the values protected by law. The article considers the dynamics and the main results of the reform of control and Supervisory activities. Among the positive results of the reform are the pilot implementation of a risk-based approach in control and supervisory activities, a system for evaluating the effectiveness and efficiency of control and supervisory activities. Some positive dynamics emerged in the application of checklists. From the point of view of the author, insufficient attention is paid to questions of a critical analysis of the need and sufficiency of control and supervisory activities in terms of the protection of legally protected values; the possibility of replacing state control and supervision by other, including non-state institutions. The author substantiates the conclusion about the analysis of the need for control (supervision), systematization of control and Supervisory functions and audit of mandatory requirements before making and implementing decisions related to the technological aspects of control (supervision). Also, proposals are made to adjust the provisions contained in the draft law “on state and municipal control (supervision) in the Russian Federation”.
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BENDIB, Riad, El-arkam MECHHOUD, Hamid BENTARZI, and Noual BATOUT. "Design of an Advanced Optimal Fuzzy Controller For a Binary Distillation Column." Algerian Journal of Signals and Systems 9, no. 3 (2024): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.51485/ajss.v9i3.231.
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The most common control philosophy followed in the chemical process industries is the SISO system using the conventional PID controller algorithms. One drawback is relying on models for both control and design work in Chemical process industries (CPI) is that many problems are very complex and accurate models are difficult, if not impossible to obtain. To overcome these problems, it will be helpful to apply techniques that use human judgment and experience rather than precise mathematical models, which in the major cases deduced from the linearization of the system and simplification hypothesis. The fuzzy logic systems are capable of handling complex, nonlinear systems using simple solutions. However, obtaining an optimal set of fuzzy membership functions is not an easy task. In this chapter a solution based on artificial intelligence is proposed to improve the control of a binary distillation column. The solution is based on the use of the advantages of both fuzzy logic and genetic algorithms. The fuzzy logic is used as a supervisory PI controller that is a simple PI controller that generally used in controlling distillation columns with parameters deduced from the fuzzy supervisor. The membership functions shape is deduced by using research algorithms based on hierarchical genetic algorithms. The results show that the Fuzzy supervisory PI controller provide an excellent tracking toward set point change.
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Артюхов, Э. Э., and Н. И. Полищук. "Implementation of control and supervisory functions by State bodies during the coronavirus." Юридическая мысль, no. 4(120) (September 20, 2020): 10–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.47905/matgip.2020.120.4.001.
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В статье анализируются виды и содержание контрольно-надзор- ных органов государственной исполнительной власти в условиях пандемии корона- вируса (COVID-19). Автор предлагает меры по снижению риска заражения и распро- странения заболевания, считая, что на разных этапах пандемии может быть введен, что подтверждается практикой, полный или частичный запрет на выездные кон- трольные и надзорные мероприятия. The article analyzes the types and content of the control and super- visory bodies of the state executive power in the context of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). The author proposes measures to reduce the risk of infection and spread of the disease, considering that at different stages of a pandemic, a complete or partial ban on field control and surveillance activities can be introduced, which is confirmed by practice.
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Godefroy, Olivier, Maryline Cabaret, Violaine Petit-Chenal, Jean-Pierre Pruvo, and Marc Rousseaux. "Control Functions of the Frontal Lobes. Modularity of the Central-Supervisory System?" Cortex 35, no. 1 (1999): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-9452(08)70782-2.
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Miftakhov, R. L. "Reform of the Institute of Administrative Responsibility in the Russian Federation in the Changing Paradigm of Regulatory Oversight Procedures." Rossijskoe pravosudie 5 (April 17, 2020): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37399/issn2072-909x.2020.5.20-25.
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The Code of administrative offences of the Russian Federation has undergone numerous changes during its existence. At the same time, the changes are often opportunistic and haphazard. Administrative responsibility is the reaction of the state to the violation of the established rules. The legislation on administrative responsibility, as a mechanism to ensure the protection of public relations, in fact, does not fully perform its functions. The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the European Court of human rights in their decisions repeatedly pointed to the system errors contained in the Code of administrative offences, but so far in the administrative and tort legislation, these contradictions have not been eliminated. The purpose of this work is to study the processes taking place in political life aimed at changing the institution of administrative responsibility. Achieving this goal of the study led to the formulation and solution of the following tasks: analysis of the quantitative changes made to the Code of administrative offences of the Russian Federation, the current state of the Institute of administrative responsibility, analysis and description of the changes in the regulation of control and Supervisory activities, communication of control and Supervisory activities with the Institute of administrative responsibility, description of the functions of administrative responsibility and justification for the need to focus on the most important of them during the reform of control and Supervisory activities. The methodological basis of the study was the dialectical method of scientific knowledge, General scientific and private methods of analysis, focused on the knowledge of the current changes in the regulation of control and Supervisory procedures, as it is associated with the reform of the Institute of administrative responsibility and the need to adjust the current Code of administrative offences. The article reveals the essence of the current changes in the regulation of control and Supervisory procedures and how it is connected with the reform of administrative responsibility. The author concludes that a huge number of changes made to the administrative Code have led to a departure from the main functions of administrative responsibility. Also, the conclusions about the relationship and interdependence of control and Supervisory activities and administrative responsibility, the need to reform the legislation on administrative responsibility.
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Акаева and Nataliya Akaeva. "IMPLEMENTATION OF CONTROL (SUPERVISION) OVER THE ACTIVITIES OF ARBITRATION MANAGERS AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL." Central Russian Journal of Social Sciences 10, no. 5 (2015): 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/14329.
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The transformation of the functions of control and supervision over the activity of self-regulatory organizations of arbitration managers of the Federal Service for State Registration is considered. On the example of the Saratov Department, the consequences of legislative regulation of state bodies’ supervisory functions in relation to self-regulatory organizations of arbitration managers are analyzed.
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Xie, Pu, Ren Xi Hu, and Zheng Chun Liu. "Research on Supervisory System Based on Power Management." Applied Mechanics and Materials 310 (February 2013): 413–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.310.413.
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To construct a supervisory control platform for hybrid energy supplement power supply system, the constitution, functions of a power management system are proposed. Supervision and control system is founded based on KingView according to functional requirements and characteristic s of the power management system. Driving procedure of the KingView is written according to communication protocol of the data acquisition module at first Communication between PC and machine is achieved. Then, the running of equipments is simulated, and real-time date is monitored, showed, analyzed and processed. Then optimal management, coordinative control and seamless switching of hybrid energy supplement power supply system are achieved.
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Chen, Ming, and Li Ping Zhu. "Design and Analysis of Supervisory Platform of Campus Energy Saving." Applied Mechanics and Materials 475-476 (December 2013): 1176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.475-476.1176.
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In view of the current situation and problem existing in campus energy usage, corresponding water, electricity, and heat energy saving strategies and implementation schemes are proposed. Then, taking Minzu University of China as the object, the framework of the supervisory platform of campus energy saving is designed, which includes hardware facilities of the front end, communication transmission equipments and data center or energy saving management center. The main function units of the platform are described and analyzed. Compared to existing designing scheme of energy saving supervisory platform, which can only realize one-way sensing, monitoring, and management functions, the proposed designing scheme also has feedback control functions. It can adjust and control building energy supply according to energy consumption usage and truly achieve the purpose of energy saving.
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Kazakov, N. D. "The Mechanism of Control over the Activities of Executive Authorities in the Russian Federation." Russian Law Online, no. 2 (July 31, 2024): 61–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2542-2472.2024.30.2.061-063.
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To date, the prospect of reform of both state and non-state control has become acute. To solve this problem, an integrated approach is required. This should include improvement of forms and methods of control and supervisory activities, analysis of ways to increase their effectiveness. To ensure stability and development in society, the state needs to carry out control measures using control functions. These functions include coverage of areas such as economic, social and political.
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Qin, Wenlei, Haoran Yi, Zhibin Fan, and Jie Zhao. "Haptic Shared Control Framework with Interaction Force Constraint Based on Control Barrier Function for Teleoperation." Sensors 25, no. 2 (2025): 405. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25020405.
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Current teleoperated robotic systems for retinal surgery cannot effectively control subtle tool-to-tissue interaction forces. This limitation may lead to patient injury caused by the surgeon’s mistakes. To improve the safety of retinal surgery, this paper proposes a haptic shared control framework for teleoperation based on a force-constrained supervisory controller. The supervisory controller leverages Control Barrier Functions (CBFs) and the interaction model to modify teleoperated inputs when they are deemed unsafe. This method ensures that the interaction forces at the slave robot’s end-effector remain within the safe range without the robot’s dynamic model and the safety margin. Additionally, the master robot provides haptic feedback to enhance the surgeon’s situational awareness during surgery, reducing the risk of misjudgment. Finally, simulated membrane peeling experiments are conducted in a controlled intraocular surgical environment using a teleoperated robotic system controlled by a non-expert. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed control framework significantly reduces the rate of force constraint violation.
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Hwang, Sheue‐Ling. "Human supervisory control in flexible manufacturing systems: Allocation of functions and system size." Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers 10, no. 3 (1987): 251–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02533839.1987.9676970.
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Tselenko, Victoria. "POLICE FUNCTIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CONTROL AND SUPERVISORY ACTIVITIES." Knowledge, Education, Law, Management 56, no. 4 (2023): 298–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.51647/kelm.2023.4.45.
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Hyla, Paweł, Agnieszka Kosoń-Schab, Janusz Szpytko, and Jarosław Smoczek. "Integrated Supervision for Supporting Control and Proactive Maintenance of Material Handling System." Journal of KONES 26, no. 1 (2019): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kones-2019-0008.
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Abstract Material handling systems, as an important part of different type of manufacturing processes, face the same challenges as manufacturing industries pushed nowadays forward by innovative ideas and technologies to the next level loudly announced as industry 4.0. Development of the next generation of automated manufacturing systems involves advanced approaches to material handling systems design and their close integration with the higher levels of manufacturing and production control and management, e.g. manufacturing execution systems (MES), enterprise resource planning (ERP). In the presence of increasing demands for manufacturing process optimization, the role of supervisory level of material handling systems is much more advanced today, ensuring not only data acquisition, visualization, monitoring, supervisory control, as well as synchronization with the higher control levels (FEM, ERP), but also providing functionality for supporting maintenance and decision-making processes to reduce downtimes, operations and maintenance costs. The article deals with the integration of control and maintenance functions in the hierarchical control system of a crane. The supervisory system for supporting control and proactive maintenance is prototyped at the laboratory overhead travelling crane. The article presents the control-measurement equipment and intelligent software tools implemented in the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system to aid decision-making process in proactive maintenance. The overview of the main components of the supervisory control and proactive maintenance subsystems is provided, and their respective role in control, supervision, and proactive maintenance is explained. The crane’s supervisory control includes the stereovision-based subsystem applied to identify the crane’s transportation workspace, determine the safety and time-optimal point-to-point trajectory of a payload. The proactive maintenance module consists of the human machine interface (HMI) supporting decision-making process, intelligent tools for upcoming downtime/failure prediction, and the crane's girder inspection using the metal magnetic memory technique.
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Khoruzhyi, Sergiy. "CLASSIFICATION OF MODELS OF REGULATION AND SUPERVISION BY THE ACTIVITIES OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS." Economic Analysis, no. 29(1) (2019): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2019.01.101.
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Introduction. In the conditions of globalized world, a mechanism for coordination of national systems of regulation and supervision of financial institutions is considered an urgent need. The problems of the formation of regulatory and supervisory systems in the financial sector are the core ones for many scholars' researches (such as B.Eihengrin, D. Kalvo, G. Karcheva, A.Melecki, V.Mishchenko, etc.). Scientists have conducted many relevant and effective studies of the evolution of institutional support for such systems. However, these studies differ in their approaches to the determination of the models of the regulatory and supervisory systems. Purpose. The article aims to conduct the analysis of the positive practice of developing regulatory and supervisory systems to control financial institutions activity and to identify the main factors for the classification of models of such systems. Results. Author establishes the objective reasons for the emergence of a sectoral model, such as different nature of financial services, which establish the legal relationship between financial institution and consumer of financial services. The article defines the differences between consolidated and integrated models. These differences outline the responsibility for oversight by one or more supervisors and display the existence of different supervisory methodologies - unified and integrated. Author determines the main advantages provided by the system of consolidated supervision and estimates the shortcomings of the transitional period in the process of transforming of the sectoral model into a consolidated regulatory and supervisory model. According to the proposed criteria (supervision of financial institutions, protection of consumers of financial services and investors, micro-prudential and macroprudential supervision, withdrawal of financial institutions from the market), author determines four models of the system of regulation and supervision of financial institutions. They are sectoral model, consolidated model with centralization and consolidation of the functions in the central bank, a consolidated model with centralization and consolidation of functions in a single authorized oversight body and an integrated model Twin Peaks. Investigation of the transformation processes of the regulation and supervision systems over the activities of financial institutions allowed generalizing the advantages and disadvantages of different models of regulatory and supervisory systems, which have been outlined in this paper.
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Yang, Cheng Hui. "Research and Application of Vibratory Stress Relief (I) - Research on Vibratory Stress Relief (VSR) Supervisory System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 378 (August 2013): 609–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.378.609.
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The VSR supervisory control software is developed by Visual Basic6.0 programming, and the process having explained each systematic functions module realization detailedly. First, the device principle of vibration stress relief system, the fundamental procedure and the fundamental parameter index of system designs have been introduced. And then, the supervisory control vibration stress relief device was developed, which has the intellectualized function. Monitor supporting device software are able to control the electric motor accurately, and real time acquisition value and frequency are carried out to the result analysis. Exploitation software can draw the penetrating vibration artwork clearly, which have improved the efficiency of vibration stress relief on a great degree.
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Yao, Hong Chun, Liang Yin, and Ming Yu Huang. "Topology and Functions of Large-Scale PV Power Station Monitoring and Control System." Advanced Materials Research 791-793 (September 2013): 857–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.791-793.857.
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According to the development status of large-scale PV power station, this paper expatiates the topology and functions of the monitoring and control system of large-scale PV power station, The system consists of monitoring center, fiber optic ring network and control subnet, and the main functions are SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition), AGC (automatic generation control), AVC (automatic voltage control), system state assessment, equipment maintenance, and power generation benefit analysis. The system is flexible and reliable, and will promote the efficiency of operation and maintenance of large-scale PV power station.
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Carati, Emerson Giovani, Victor Emanuel Soares Barbosa, Rafael Cardoso, Carlos Marcelo de Oliveira Stein, and Jean Patric da Costa. "Supervisory Layer for Improved Interactivity of Distributed Generation Inverters with Smart Grids." Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks 10, no. 4 (2021): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jsan10040064.
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This work proposes an autonomous management system for distributed generation (DG) systems connected to the AC grid, using supervisory control theory (SCT). SCT is used to deal with discrete asynchronous events that modify the properties and operational conditions of these systems. The proposed management layer allows the smart inverters to interact with smart grid managers (SGMs), while guaranteeing operation compliance with the IEEE Standards. The implemented supervisor for the management layer is an automaton that performs the smart inverter manager (SIM) functions in the photovoltaic systems in discrete events. A DSP real-time verification was performed with Typhoon HIL 602+ to demonstrate the smart inverter’s operating dynamics connected to the grid. The results showed the fast response and robust operation of the smart inverter manager to the commands from the smart grid manager.
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Pachkin, Sergey, Pavel Ivanov, Anatoliy Maytakov, Liliya Beryazeva, and Roman Kotlyarov. "Development of information support for the technological production process of drinks based on plant roughage." E3S Web of Conferences 222 (2020): 01017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022201017.
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Today, SCADA is the main and advanced method for automated management of complex dynamic systems (processes). Supervisory control of technological processes in various branches of the agro-industrial complex is an essential factor in improving their effectiveness and fulfilling the tasks of increasing productivity, competitiveness, and profitability of production. Due to the introduction of SCADA, the company manages to facilitate and improve the production process. The article deals with an example of supervisory control of the production of a drink based on plant roughages. In order to decrease capital costs and further maintenance costs during automation, the functions of the controller level are united with the operator level, and dispatching functions are combined with the level of the administrative automated process control system. SCADA TRACE MODE was selected as the development framework for the technological process information support of the drink. The structure of the SCADA project and the key screen forms allowing dispatching the technological production process of a drink based on plant roughage were designed.
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Edge, K. A., and K. R. A. Figueredo. "An Adaptively Controlled Electrohydraulic Servo-Mechanism: Part 1: Adaptive Controller Design." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Management and engineering manufacture 201, no. 3 (1987): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1987_201_064_02.
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A systematic model reference adaptive control design scheme is presented. The control scheme is developed and analysed within the framework of a sampled data system with a parameter adaptive algorithm designed on the basis of hyper stability theory. A number of supervisory functions are used to supplement the basic adaptive control system in order to enhance robust controller action.
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Yao, Siqin, and Ting Nie. "Boss, Can’t You Hear Me? The Impact Mechanism of Supervisor Phone Snubbing (Phubbing) on Employee Psychological Withdrawal Behavior." Healthcare 11, no. 24 (2023): 3167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11243167.
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With the excessive smartphone use in the workplace, supervisor phubbing has drawn broad concerns in managerial and academic fields. Though the neglect is unintentional, this behavior can generate counterproductive working behaviors. The basic assumptions of this study are that supervisor phubbing can impact employee psychological withdrawal behavior directly and indirectly via work alienation. To provide empirical evidence for the assumptions, the two-wave online survey of 302 Chinese employees without any supervisory functions was conducted on the Questionnaire Star platform. Based on the stressor-emotion model, work alienation is proved to be the psychological path in the positive relationship between supervisor phubbing and employee psychological withdrawal behavior. Different from the current studies exploring the impact mechanism of phubbing behavior on psychological withdrawal behavior between parents and children, couples, or friends, we put this mechanism into the workplace and focus on subordinate–superior relationships. In addition, the positive indirect effects are enhanced when employees have higher interpersonal sensitivity. In practice, these findings suggest that organizations should normalize the smart devices use in the workplace, and supervisors should balance their working roles with other roles. In addition, organizations should strengthen training on adjusting to negative emotions and interpersonal sensitivity control at work. Although two rounds of the time-lagged data were collected in a one-month interval, the limitations of cross-section data still exist, so the conclusions cannot establish causality. Hence, future research may conduct experimental or longitudinal research designs to make the conclusion more rigorous.
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Morozov, Sergei Andreevich. "Modern legal regulation of administrative control and supervisory procedures." Право и политика, no. 9 (September 2024): 145–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0706.2024.9.71616.
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The implementation of administrative reform in the Russian Federation, which affected various areas of public administration, including the control and supervisory sphere, caused drastic transformations in the activities of authorities implementing the functions of state control (supervision). The adoption in 2020 of a number of federal laws, and especially Federal Law No. 248-FZ dated 07/31/2020 "On State Control (Supervision) and Municipal Control in the Russian Federation" radically changed not only the forms of state control (supervision), the composition of administrative actions, the system of guarantees for the protection of the rights and freedoms of controlled persons, but above all – in legal regulation. Within the framework of this article, the author analyzes the existing modern regulatory and legal regulation of the establishment, implementation and execution of administrative control and supervisory procedures. To conduct the research, the legal methods themselves were used, including the comparative legal method, the formal legal method, and the method of interpreting law. As a result of studying the theoretical and regulatory aspects of the topic under study, the author identifies four levels of regulation of this type of administrative procedures: constitutional and legal (consolidation of the principles and rights and freedoms of citizens protected by the Constitution of the Russian Federation), the level of federal laws (the basis for regulating control and supervisory procedures containing framework regulations), the level of subordinate regulatory legal acts (provisions on the types of federal state control (supervision), administrative regulations), as well as the level of acts accompanying the conduct of state control (supervision), the characteristics of the main normative legal acts regulating the implementation by state control (supervision) bodies of administrative control and supervisory procedures, including the federal law "On State Control", administrative regulations, regulations on the types of state control (supervision), as well as measures to improve them are proposed.
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Khetagurov, Tamerlan M. "LEGAL FACTOR OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE ACTIVITIES OF CONTROL AND SUPERVISION BODIES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN PRESERVING AND STRENGTHENING TRADITIONAL SPIRITUAL AND MORAL VALUES AND CULTURE." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Economics. Management. Law, no. 4 (2024): 141–50. https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-6304-2024-4-141-150.
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The article considers aspects of the control and supervisory activities of government bodies of the Russian Federation, its legal regulation in the conditions of development of the Russian state at the present time stage. It addresses the already implemented legal mechanisms and proposes new significant for practical application ways of improving and developing control and supervisory activities of the executive authorities of the Russian Federation, carrying out their activities in the field of preservation and implementation of traditional spiritual and moral values and culture, effective models of its existence. In addition, the significance and role of traditional spiritual and moral values and culture for Russian society and the state is analyzed. Measures of a systematic nature are proposed to comply with the control and supervisory functions of government bodies in order to achieve the set objectives in implementing the policy of preserving and observing traditional spiritual and moral values and culture, which were more than once enshrined in the decrees of the President of the Russian Federation in connection with the threat of destructiveness of Russian society, destruction spiritual and moral values and culture. The importance of implementing the control and supervisory activities of executive authorities to achieve the goals and objectives of the state that are beneficial to society is emphasized.
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Ushio, Toshimitsu, and Shigemasa Takai. "Supervisory Control of Discrete Event Systems Modeled by Mealy Automata with Nondeterministic Output Functions." Transactions of the Institute of Systems, Control and Information Engineers 22, no. 4 (2009): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5687/iscie.22.154.
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Sugiatno, Sugiatno. "Desain Kelembagaan Satuan Pengawas Internal (SPI) di STAIN Curup (Sebuah Penawaran Desain SPI Untuk Efektivitas Dan Efisien Pengelolaan Keuangan, Kinerja Pegawai Dan Aset Negara)." Tadbir : Jurnal Studi Manajemen Pendidikan 2, no. 1 (2018): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.29240/jsmp.v2i1.423.
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Internal Supervisory Unit (SPI) is a quality assurance unit that exist in every Islamic University. Internal Supervisory Unit (SPI) STAIN Curup is an element of supervisor who performs non-academic field supervision functions for and on behalf of University Leaders. The scope of non-academic field supervision includes: (1) finance, (2) asset, and (3) human resources (HR). After the establishment of the internal supervisory unit (SPI) at STAIN Curup since september 2017 ago until now has not been able to perform its functions to conduct internal supervision and audit. Since the institutional or organizational structure does not have organizational structure, vision and mission, authority and responsibility and lack of internal auditor performance guidance to be conducted in the framework of evaluation of non-academic field activities including audit planning activities, testing and evaluating information, audit result notification and acts further audit results. This type of research is field research (fileld research), in this case the researcher uses descriptive qualitative research type that is analyzing and presenting the facts systematically based on the number or amount of data mendepenelitiankan in the form of data for the understood and concluded. this research is comparative descriptive research in the form of concept study. From the aspect of the objectives, this research is a study that attempted to describe the substance of the analysis of the concept of the formulation of the Design of Institution of Internal Control Unit (SPI) at STAIN Curup (an SPI design offer for effectiveness and efficient financial management, employee performance and state assets). The result of this research is: The existence of Internal Supervisory Unit at STAIN Curup is a must again after the issuance of Regulation of the Minister of Religious Affair No. 25 year 2017 dated 04 August 2017 about Internal Supervisory Unit (SPI) at State Religious College. The design of vision, mission, purpose, function, authority, and Structure of STAIN Curup has been formulated based on the FGD and KMA results dated 04 August 2017. Internal Auditor Performance Internal Audit Unit (SPI) STAIN Curup can be seen from four audit execution, namely: a ). Audit planning stage, b). Testing and evaluation phase of information, c). Stage of delivery of audit result, d). Follow-up phase of audit.
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Li, Gui Zhu, Zhao Hui Li, Long Biao Xin, and Yong Qiang Wu. "Design and Realization of IC Card Heat Energy Meter with Supervisory and Control Function." Advanced Materials Research 179-180 (January 2011): 1112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.179-180.1112.
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In order to resolve automatic measurement, automatic monitoring and control of heat energy, a new type IC Card heat energy meter with automatic monitoring and control is designed. Software and hardware design of the heat instrument is introduced. Solutions of these problems are proposed throng analysis of engineering design problems. Lower power consumption and high precision requirements of heat measurement are met by collecting lower consumption components and intelligence design manners. Automatic measurement, monitoring and control functions are realized through gathering heat parameters of end-users on time, and analysis, comparing on the gathered data and data from standard meter by microcomputer. Preliminary tests show that the heat energy meter has functions of high precision, lower power consumption, strong intelligence and can achieve automatic Measurement, automatic monitoring and automatic control.