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1

Kim, Namki. "Control and Punishment of Women -Wide Sargasso Sea." J-Institute 7, no. 2 (2022): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22471/regulations.2022.7.2.26.

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2

Vukolić, Zoran. "Regulations on internal control." Revizor 21, no. 83 (2018): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/rev1882097v.

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3

Barus, Sonia Ivana. "DILEMMA EXECUTIVE CONTROL: DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL REGULATORY CANCELING MODELS." Jurnal Ilmiah Mizani: Wacana Hukum, Ekonomi Dan Keagamaan 7, no. 2 (2020): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.29300/mzn.v7i2.3473.

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The Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government clearly states that the Minister of Home Affairs with instruments in the form of a Ministerial decree bears the authority to annul regional regulations which deemed contrary to the provisions of the higher laws, public interests and/or decency. However, the Constitutional Court (MK) through Decision No. 137/PUU-XIII/2015 and MK’s Decision No. 56/PUU-XIII/2016 has restrained the authority of the Minister of Home Affairs to annul the Regional Regulation (perda). This is an interesting discussion, some consider that it actually weakens the role of the central government to control local governments, on the other hand, justifying that authority belongs to the Supreme Court. Interesting problems of this research is what is the actual relations of authority between local and central government? Then what is the ideal model for the annulment of regional regulations so that the central government has a role in exercising control (executive control) of regional regulations before and after regional regulations come to be applied? This research was conducted using a normative juridical method, namely a research method that refers to the norms of legal norms contained in statutory regulations. This research resulted that there is a decentralization and decencentration relationship between the central and local governments. In order to anticipate these problems, the ideal model for cancellation of regional regulations to accommodate the authority of the central government is to separate regional regulation according to the content or material.
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Barus, Sonia Ivana. "Dilemma Executive Control: Development of Regional Regulatory Canceling Models." Jurnal Ilmiah Mizani: Wacana Hukum, Ekonomi Dan Keagamaan 7, no. 2 (2024): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.29300/mzn.v7i2.2588.

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The Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government clearly states that the Minister of Home Affairs with instruments in the form of a Ministerial decree bears the authority to annul regional regulations which deemed contrary to the provisions of the higher laws, public interests and/or decency. However, the Constitutional Court (MK) through Decision No. 137/PUU-XIII/2015 and MK’s Decision No. 56/PUU-XIII/2016 has restrained the authority of the Minister of Home Affairs to annul the Regional Regulation (perda). This is an interesting discussion, some consider that it actually weakens the role of the central government to control local governments, on the other hand, justifying that authority belongs to the Supreme Court. Interesting problems of this research is what is the actual relations of authority between local and central government? Then what is the ideal model for the annulment of regional regulations so that the central government has a role in exercising control (executive control) of regional regulations before and after regional regulations come to be applied? This research was conducted using a normative juridical method, namely a research method that refers to the norms of legal norms contained in statutory regulations. This research resulted that there is a decentralization and decencentration relationship between the central and local governments. In order to anticipate these problems, the ideal model for cancellation of regional regulations to accommodate the authority of the central government is to separate regional regulation according to the content or material
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5

Guo, Xu, Lin Fu, and Xiaohua Sun. "Can Environmental Regulations Promote Greenhouse Gas Abatement in OECD Countries? Command-and-Control vs. Market-Based Policies." Sustainability 13, no. 12 (2021): 6913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126913.

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In response to global warming, greenhouse gas (GHG) abatement has been one of the top priorities of governments, and a large variety of environmental regulation policies have been implemented in past decades. Using panel data from 27 OECD countries over the period of 2005–2012, this study measures and compares the stringency level of command-and-control and market-based environmental regulations. The differentiated impacts and indirect effects of environmental regulations on GHG emissions are tested empirically. The results show that: (1) Both command-and-control and market-based environmental regulations have effects on GHG abatement in OECD countries, and there is a non-linear relationship between environmental regulations and GHG discharge, in which stringent command-and-control environmental regulations and mild market-based regulation policies are preferred; (2) Command-and-control environmental regulations reduce GHG emissions by improving the technological level, rather than the energy consumption structure. In contrast, market-based environmental regulations can promote GHG abatement through the intermediary effects of both technological progress and the energy consumption structure. The findings provide implications for OECD countries to further reduce GHG emissions.
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6

Huang, Kai, and Jian Wang. "Research on the Impact of Environmental Regulation on Total Factor Energy Effect of Logistics Industry from the Perspective of Green Development." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (December 8, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3793093.

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This study uses the super efficiency DEA model to evaluate the logistics industry’s total factor energy efficiency in various Chinese provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities, and examines the relationship between environmental regulations and the total factor energy efficiency. The results show that environmental regulations can help improve the logistics industry’s total factor energy efficiency. This study further analyzes the threshold effect of environmental pollution control investment level, quality of labor, and logistics industry development level in environmental regulations on the logistics industry’s total factor energy efficiency. The results showed that the level of investment in environmental pollution control in environmental regulations has a significant single threshold effect on logistics industry’s total factor energy efficiency. The quality of labor has a significant double threshold effect on environmental regulation’s impact on the logistics industry’s total factor energy efficiency. Logistics industry development level has a significant double threshold effect on the impact of environmental regulation on logistics industry’s total factor energy efficiency.
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7

Markandya, A. "The Costs of Environmental Regulation in Asia: Command and Control versus Market-based Instruments." Asian Development Review 16, no. 01 (1998): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0116110598000013.

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Environmental regulation has been widely applied in Asia, with many governments introducing command and control (CAC) policies to control the levels of industry emissions. This paper first examines the effectiveness of different environmental regulations in Asia. It then examines the cost effectiveness of CAC regulations compared to market-based instruments (MBIs) by evaluating the cost differences between regulation strategies currently employed and the least-cost solution for air and water pollution regulation in the People’s Republic of China, India, Pakistan, and Philippines. The paper concludes that MBIs have a clear cost advantage over CAC regulations and that there are considerable gains to be made from moving to a least-cost solution. Finally, the institutional reforms needed to facilitate the implementation of market-based instruments are discussed.
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8

Webb, C. A. "Indian Oil and Gas: Control, Regulations and Responsibilities." Alberta Law Review 26, no. 1 (1987): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/alr720.

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This paper is a brief review of the principles and issues related to the ownership, control and regulation of the exploitation of oil and gas resources located on Indian reserves in Canada. It will include a summary of relevant portions of the Indian Act, a summary of the context and content of the Indian Oil and Gas Act and Regulations, a summary of the proposed amendments to the Regulations, a brief discussion of the issue of self government related to this context and a discussion of the concept of the fiduciary responsibility of the Federal Government.
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9

Sullivan, Mary Anne. "Offshore Air-Pollution Control Regulations." Natural Gas 8, no. 8 (2008): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gas.3410080810.

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10

Puck, Logan. "A failure to impose control: PRIVATE SECURITY AND THE MEXICAN STATE." Lua Nova: Revista de Cultura e Política, no. 114 (December 2021): 29–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-029068/114.

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Abstract Scholars tend to agree that imposing comprehensive regulations is one of the most effective strategies states can use to control and direct private security companies. This study shows how attempts to strictly regulate private security firms have failed in Mexico. The Federal government of Mexico, as well as each state government, has created some form of regulation to control the activities of the private security industry. In certain states, these regulations are more stringent than those in many countries. Nonetheless, corruption, weak enforcement, and high entry barriers have created low incentives for private security firms to abide by government regulations, leading to a widespread evasion and an expansive market of unregulated and undisciplined private security companies, thus bringing into question the efficacy of imposing strict private security regulations in states with weak institutions.
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11

Yusup, Muhammad, and Yan Rahadian. "Evaluation of Capability Improvement of Government Internal Control Apparatus." Riset Akuntansi dan Keuangan Indonesia 8, no. 1 (2023): 48–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/reaksi.v8i1.21241.

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Evaluation of the improvement of the capability of the Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus (APIP) is very important considering that APIP capability has a significant impact on strengthening the effectiveness of the Government Internal Control System (SPIP) to realize good governance. The Sukabumi District Inspectorate was chosen as the object of research because it is one of 362 APIPs with a level below Level 3 from the results of the BPKP assessment in 2021. After using the new regulation, the APIP capability of Sukabumi District Inspectorate is at Level 3. This research used qualitative method with evaluation case study type. The evaluation framework refers to the new and old regulations related to APIP capability assessment. Based on the results of the comparative analysis of old and new regulations, it can be concluded that the new regulations on improving APIP capability are clearer and more systematic than the old regulations. From the evaluation results based on the new regulations APIP has not been able to reach level 3 as a result of its self-assessment. There are 3 topics that are not yet appropriate, namely supervisory planning, performance audits and compliance audits. Keywords: internal audit, internal audit capability, internal control system, APIP.
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12

Liu, Jingjing, Min Zhao, Chao Zhang, and Fangrong Ren. "Analysis of the Influence of Heterogeneous Environmental Regulation on Green Technology Innovation." Sustainability 15, no. 4 (2023): 3649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15043649.

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Since its reform and opening up, China’s economy has undergone rapid development and has experienced problems such as the overexploitation of resources and the destruction of the ecological environment. To achieve a balance between economic growth and environmental protection and to follow the sustainable development path, China must implement corresponding environmental regulation policies and vigorously encourage enterprises to pursue green technology innovation. In this paper, environmental regulation is divided into command-and-control, market incentive and voluntary participation. Command-and-control environmental regulation is measured using the entropy method and the logarithm of the pollution discharge fee income in each region is used as the measurement index of market-incentive environmental regulations. At the same time, the logarithm of the number of environmental protection proposals planned by the National People’s Congress and the number of environmental protection proposals planned by the CPPCC is used as the measurement index of voluntary participation in environmental regulations. Based on a regression equation of the effects of environmental regulations on green technology innovation, this paper uses the two-step system GMM method to analyze the panel data of industrial enterprises larger than a designated size in 30 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in China from 2006 to 2017. Moreover, the paper compares the effects of command-and-control, market-incentive and voluntary participatory environmental regulations on green technology innovation. The empirical results show that command-and-control environmental regulations initially have an inverted U-shaped effect on green technology innovation and market incentive and voluntary participatory environmental regulations have a U-shaped effect on green technology innovation. A comparison of the three environmental regulation policies shows that the effect of command-and-control environmental regulation is more significant.
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Winarsasi, Putri Ayi, Mutia Cherawaty Thalib, Mohamad Rivaldi Moha, and Nurul Fazri Elfikri. "State Control Of Electronic Information Resources: Role And Efforts In The Modern Context." Jurnal Pamator : Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Trunojoyo 16, no. 2 (2023): 405–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/pamator.v16i2.20234.

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This research focuses on the role and responsibility of the state in controlling and regulating electronic information resources, especially in the scope of e-commerce in Indonesia. In the digital era, the rapid development of e-commerce requires effective and comprehensive regulation to ensure the integrity, security, and growth of this industry. This research discusses several necessary regulations adopted by the Indonesian government, including Law Number 11 of 2008, which was changed to Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions, Government Regulation No. 82 of 2012 concerning the Implementation of Electronic Systems and Transactions, Law Number 7 of 2016 concerning Trade, and Bank Indonesia Regulation No.11/12/PBI/2009 concerning Electronic Money. This research shows that these regulations and policies have established a Solid legal framework for e-commerce in Indonesia. However, given the rapidly changing technology and industry dynamics, these regulations and policies must be continuously updated and adapted to new needs. Therefore, the state's role in monitoring industrial developments, adjusting regulations, and educating the public is essential in establishing a fair, safe, and sustainable e-commerce ecosystem. Overall, this research shows that balancing consumer protection and industry growth is critical for the future of e-commerce in Indonesia.
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14

Kiseleva, T. E. "Building height control in France." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture 25, no. 1 (2023): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2023-25-1-24-34.

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Purpose: The aim of this work is to consider the principles of town-planning regulation and building height control in France and identify effective tools for this regulation.Methodology/approach: The comprehensive approach, which includes the analysis of local urban planning documents and building morphology.Research findings: Effective tools of town-planning regulation and building height control are identified. The environmental town-planning regulation is the rule of dimensions and flexible regulation is the rule of the height control. Their introduction is proposed.Practical implications: The results of this work can be implemented in practice in Russia.Originality/value: Examples of regulatory provisions and excerpts from other papers concerning regulations presented in this work, are published for the first time.
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Morozov, Sergei Andreevich. "Modern legal regulation of administrative control and supervisory procedures." Право и политика, no. 9 (September 2024): 145–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0706.2024.9.71616.

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The implementation of administrative reform in the Russian Federation, which affected various areas of public administration, including the control and supervisory sphere, caused drastic transformations in the activities of authorities implementing the functions of state control (supervision). The adoption in 2020 of a number of federal laws, and especially Federal Law No. 248-FZ dated 07/31/2020 "On State Control (Supervision) and Municipal Control in the Russian Federation" radically changed not only the forms of state control (supervision), the composition of administrative actions, the system of guarantees for the protection of the rights and freedoms of controlled persons, but above all – in legal regulation. Within the framework of this article, the author analyzes the existing modern regulatory and legal regulation of the establishment, implementation and execution of administrative control and supervisory procedures. To conduct the research, the legal methods themselves were used, including the comparative legal method, the formal legal method, and the method of interpreting law. As a result of studying the theoretical and regulatory aspects of the topic under study, the author identifies four levels of regulation of this type of administrative procedures: constitutional and legal (consolidation of the principles and rights and freedoms of citizens protected by the Constitution of the Russian Federation), the level of federal laws (the basis for regulating control and supervisory procedures containing framework regulations), the level of subordinate regulatory legal acts (provisions on the types of federal state control (supervision), administrative regulations), as well as the level of acts accompanying the conduct of state control (supervision), the characteristics of the main normative legal acts regulating the implementation by state control (supervision) bodies of administrative control and supervisory procedures, including the federal law "On State Control", administrative regulations, regulations on the types of state control (supervision), as well as measures to improve them are proposed.
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Ginanjar, Aryo, Laksono Trisnantor, and Dwi Handono Sulistyo. "Urgensi Kebijakan Peraturan Daerah tentang Pengendalian Demam Berdarah Dengue di Kota Tasikmalaya Berdasarkan Pendekatan Analisis Stakeholder." ASPIRATOR - Journal of Vector-borne Disease Studies 12, no. 2 (2020): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22435/asp.v12i2.3109.

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Abstract. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is still a public health problem that is difficult to deal with inTasikmalaya City, West Java Province. In 2019, the region experienced very significant cases increase leadingto an Outbreak. Various attempts have been made without optimal results. DHF control program managersexpressed the urgent need for strong policies, but no empirical studies have been carried out. It is importantto analyze evidence as justification for urgency and impetus in the policy agenda. This policy research withnaturalistic qualitative research with Analysis for Policy approach aims to explore evidence on the urgency ofDHF control regional regulations at policy stakeholders’ aspect. The results of this study revealed the evidenceof DHF Control Regional Regulation’s establishment urgency. Those are increasing community endangeringsituation of DHF cases; the urgent need of policies for program managers; and the corroborating evidence, asthe results of stakeholder analysis, in the form of majority stakeholder are the main policy stakeholder whohave the power and strong interest in supporting the policies’ urgency. The urgency level of DHF controlRegional Regulation based on this research has reached an emergency level, so there should be efforts toestablish DHF control Regional Regulation in Tasikmalaya City.Keywords: Stakeholders, Policy Urgencies, Regional Regulations, DHF
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Kim, Sang Tae. "Order Administration and Regulatory Reform." National Public Law Review 19, no. 4 (2023): 113–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.46751/nplak.2023.19.4.113.

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From an administrative law perspective, policing does not only refer to the police in the formal sense, but to administrative actions that are practiced for maintaining order in various areas. However, as order administration is carried out in many administrative areas, regulations will expand accordingly for the purpose of risk prevention. As a result, there will be an increase in the infringement of fundamental rights of individuals. Even if regulations have traditionally been aimed at preventing risks, the purpose of regulations today is not simply about control. It also serves to guide the direction for development of society and functions as a driving force. In order to prevent risks, it is necessary to find ways to promote social and public utility by allowing t is study suggests the following directions for regulatory reform in order administration.
 First, checking the viability of regulations based on the unnecessity of regulations should be prioritized rather than strengthening regulations to expand the purpose of regulation. Second, unclear and unpredictable regulations should be clarified with regulatory reform. Third, regulations should comply with the principle of proportionality. In regulatory reform, the principle of proportionality should be applied to determine whether a regulation should be deregulated or strengthened. Fourth, the criteria, procedures, and methods to be considered in the regulatory reform process should be fully discussed in advance. The relevant procedures and methods should be designed to prevent arbitrary and subjective judgment on individual regulations in exceptional circumstances. Fifth, judicial control should be strengthened when active administrative actions for risk prevention and control are expanded. Sixth, the social costs of regulation should be fully examined.
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Tahang, Rahmawansyah Andi, Haliah Haliah, and Nirwana Nirwana. "Government Internal Control System, Role and Comparison of the Committee of Sponsoring Organization (COSO) Revised Internal Control Framework." INVOICE : JURNAL ILMU AKUNTANSI 5, no. 1 (2023): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.26618/inv.v5i1.10525.

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This study investigates the role of the Government Internal Control System and its points of difference with the revised version of the COSO internal control framework. The Government's Internal Control System is regulated in Government Regulation No. 60 of 2008 concerning the Government's Internal Control System. The Government's Internal Control System aims to provide adequate assurance for the achievement of effectiveness and efficiency in achieving the objectives of implementing State government, reliability of financial reporting, safeguarding State assets, and compliance with laws and regulations. Government Regulation No. 60 of 2008 is an adaptation of the internal control recommended by The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO) in 1992. In its development, COSO has updated the integrated framework of internal control in 2013. Seventeen principles of internal control were explicitly introduced that should be considered by the government to formulate new regulations related to the Government's Internal Control System. This study highlights the important role of internal control in the management of organizations both in the private sector and in government
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Žaberl, Miroslav, Benjamin Flander, and Simon Kelenc. "Border Control and Migration in Slovenia." Central European Journal of Comparative Law 5, no. 1 (2024): 385–411. https://doi.org/10.47078/2024.1.385-411.

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Protecting and controlling national borders are particularly important for preventing and combating irregular migration. Adequate police organisation, training, and exercise of appropriate statutory powers and measures are crucial in this context. This article discusses the role of the Slovenian Police in curbing irregular migration from three perspectives: (1) national normative regulations for border control; (2) the procedural regulation of the exercise of powers and measures by the police in controlling state borders; and (3) the compliance of the legal regulation of powers and measures with the provisions on the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms laid down in the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia and international conventions. We found that the national normative and procedural regulations governing the exercise of police power and measures for controlling state borders are consistent with the uniform regime in the Schengen Borders Code. In contrast, in assessing their compliance with constitutional and international standards that guarantee and protect human rights, we questioned the appropriateness of the normative regulations that allow the police to invasively search the body and belongings of persons, in addition to frisking them and their belongings, without a court order, in the context of border controls, where the standard of proof is low. Furthermore, we draw attention to the lack of clarity in the internal instructions and procedural provisions of the police, which allow the return of persons to foreign security authorities, disregarding safeguards protecting persons seeking international protection. Moreover, the article focuses on the entry of the Republic of Croatia into the Schengen Area, which resulted in the Republic of Slovenia losing its external Schengen border. The new situation dictates the need for changes in the organisation, staffing, and tactics of the Slovenian Police.
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&NA;, &NA;. "Federal Infection-control Regulations in Effect." Nurse Practitioner 17, no. 5 (1992): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006205-199205000-00001.

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Lee, Eunmi. "Environmental Regulation and Financial Performance in China: An Integrated View of the Porter Hypothesis and Institutional Theory." Sustainability 12, no. 23 (2020): 10183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122310183.

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The link between environmental regulations and financial performance has long been studied, but whether command and control environmental regulation or voluntary instruments induce better results is an unsettled question. By drawing on the Porter Hypothesis, this paper examines whether both approaches to environmental protection boost forms of environmental protection regulations that have positive impacts on financial performance. By integrating institutional theory, this study also examines whether ownership structures moderate the relationship between environmental regulation and financial performance. The results from data on 183 firms listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges confirmed that both command and control environmental regulation and voluntary instruments positively affect financial performance. This paper also found that ownership structure strengthens the relationship between command and control environmental regulation and financial performance. The findings enrich the Porter Hypothesis and contribute to environmental research by revealing that properly designed environmental regulations have positive impacts on financial performance. By drawing on institutional theory, this study further contributes to business and management studies by confirming that the specific moderator, China’s state-owned enterprises, is a crucial contributor in achieving robust financial results.
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Chen, Qiao, Yan Mao, and Alastair M. Morrison. "Impacts of Environmental Regulations on Tourism Carbon Emissions." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 23 (2021): 12850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312850.

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This research analyzed the impact of environmental regulations and their power in suppressing tourism carbon emissions. The results showed that: (1) four types of environmental regulations had significant inhibiting effects on tourism carbon emissions, but different types of regulations had varying effects; and (2) environmental regulations had a significant time lag effect on tourism carbon emissions. The decay rates of the environmental regulation effects were dissimilar for supervisory management, market incentives, command and control, and public participation; and (3) environmental regulations had dissimilar influences on tourism carbon emissions at the regional level. Government agencies should choose differentiated environmental regulation tools, attach great importance to the time-lag effect of environmental regulations on tourism carbon emissions, and establish systems and mechanisms of public participation in environmental matters.
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Nurmala, Leni Dwi, Robby Waluyo Amu, Dince Aisa Kodai, Nurwita Ismail, and Yusrianto Kadir. "The Law Enforcement against Alcoholic Drinks Habits." Jurnal Daulat Hukum 5, no. 2 (2022): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jdh.v5i2.19099.

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The problem of alcohol abuse in various circles, both in society and among teenagers, has become a problem that continues to experience a very significant increase and tends to increase every year. When teenagers or people have the habit of consuming liquor, it can lead to crime, in various forms that vary greatly, for example juvenile delinquency, fights, the emergence of juvenile gangs, thuggery, immoral acts and others. Juridically there is no prohibition of liquor or alcoholic beverages, but only on the regulation of procurement, distribution, sale and control. The existing laws and regulations in Indonesia have not been able to fully accommodate to be able to control the circulation of alcoholic beverages because some of the regulations that have been spread have not been specifically and comprehensively able to suppress the circulation and even prevent alcoholic beverages in the community. As a result, regulations at the lowest level (regional regulations) can only carry out prevention locally at the provincial level which has regional regulations concerning the Control and Supervision of alcoholic beverages, such as Gorontalo Provincial Regulation No. 16 of 2015. The Gorontalo Provincial Government considers it very important that the control and supervision of the circulation of alcoholic beverages must be carried out in order to prevent disturbances to peace, order and public security.
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Airlangga, Bayu, Suparto Wijoyo, and Soekarwo Soekarwo. "Validity of Fines Imposed as a Sanction by Regional Governments to Control Compliance With Covid-19 Health Guidelines." al-Daulah Jurnal Hukum dan Perundangan Islam 12, no. 1 (2022): 129–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/ad.2022.12.1.129-147.

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As an effort to deal with the Covid-19 pandemic, the Government issued Presidential Instruction Number 6 of 2020 concerning Increasing Discipline and Law Enforcement of health Protocols in the Prevention and Control of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19). In Presidential Instruction 6/2020 Regioal Heads are instructed to make Regional Head Regulations (Perkada) which contain sanctions for violation of obligations contained in the health protocol. Reffering to Law Number 12 of 2011 concerning Fomation of Legislation, Regional Head Regulations are not included in the hierarchy of statutory regulations. So this study discusses the validity of administrative sanctions in the form of fines contained in the Regional Head Regulation. Keywords: Administrative Fines, Regional Head Regulations, Covid-19.
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Riti, Kristina Daido. "Land Control in The Beach Border Area According to Presidential Regulation No. 51 of 2016." Jurnal Daulat Hukum 8, no. 2 (2025): 108. https://doi.org/10.30659/jdh.v8i2.44843.

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Presidential Decree No. 51 of 2016 concerning Coastal Boundaries stipulates regulations regarding land use in coastal areas to protect ecosystems and prevent environmental degradation. This research aims to analyze these regulations in the context of protecting community rights and environmental sustainability. This research analyzes regulations governing restrictions on land ownership in coastal border areas as well as protection mechanisms for traditional and local communities by applying normative juridical methods. The research results show that the coastal border is state land whose use is restricted, except for public interests or conservation with government permission. This regulation provides legal protection for communities through recognition of customary rights, public consultation, as well as compensation and relocation mechanisms. Apart from that, there are administrative sanctions for parties who violate the provisions, including written warnings, fines, and demolition of illegal buildings. Regional governments have the authority to supervise and enforce these regulations, while still considering humanitarian aspects and community rights. Implementation of this policy is expected to balance development and conservation interests, protect coastal ecosystems which are vital for environmental sustainability, and prevent the risk of natural disasters. Thus, this regulation plays an important role in realizing sustainable coastal management and supports the interests of future generations.
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Zembatova, B. V. "Legal framework for exchange control: problems of the current domestic legislation." Economics and Management 28, no. 1 (2022): 74–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/1998-1627-2022-1-74-85.

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Aim. The presented study aims to identify methodological problems in the current exchange legislation of the Russian Federation and to substantiate the objective need for the development of a relevant legal framework for domestic exchange control.Tasks. The authors analyze the regulations of the Federal Law No. 173-FZ of December 10, 2003 on exchange regulation and exchange control, which establish the conceptual framework, purpose, and scope of the legal regulator, the principles of exchange control on the basis of the proposed approaches to the consideration of current exchange control principles.Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition in various aspects to substantiate approaches to analyzing the legal principles of exchange control for the purpose of identifying methodological problems in the current exchange legislation of the Russian Federation.Results. Having analyzed the provisions of the Federal Law No. 173-FZ of December 10, 2003 on exchange regulation and exchange control as a special basic legislative instrument for exchange control, the authors identify the main methodological problems of modern domestic exchange control: the immaturity of the conceptual framework, which leads to the uncertain content of its regulations; the declarative nature of regulations establishing the purpose, scope, and principles of exchange control, which is unacceptable for a legal instrument; the lack of proper consistency between provisions establishing the fundamentals of exchange control and norms regulating the implementation of exchange transactions.Conclusions. The lack of a proper conceptual framework for exchange legislation as defined and demanded by legal reality is an obstacle to analyzing the array of regulations that make up the legal exchange regulator, but it also serves as a basis for the formation of methodological problems in the modern domestic exchange legislation.
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Pfeuty, Benjamin, Julien Hurbain, and Quentin Thommen. "Control Analysis of Cooperativity and Complementarity in Metabolic Regulations: The Case of NADPH Homeostasis." Metabolites 13, no. 4 (2023): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo13040485.

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Complex feedback regulation patterns shape the cellular metabolic response to external or internal perturbations. We propose here a framework consisting of a sampling-based metabolic control analysis of kinetic models to investigate the modes of regulatory interplay in metabolic functions. NADPH homeostasis, for instance in a context of oxidative stress, is an example of metabolic function that involves multiple feedback regulations which raises the issue of their concerted action. Our computational framework allows us to characterize both respective and combined effects of regulations, distinguishing between synergistic versus complementary modes of regulatory crosstalk. Synergistic regulation of G6PD enzymes and PGI enzymes is mediated by congruent effects between concentration sensitivities and reaction elasticities. Complementary regulation of pentose phosphate pathway and lower glycolysis relates to metabolic state-dependent range of regulation efficiency. These cooperative effects are shown to significantly improve metabolic flux response to support NADPH homeostasis, providing a rationale for the complex feedback regulation pattern at work.
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Ni Putu Meiliana Dewantari, I Nyoman Bagiastra, and I Wayan Gede Artawan Eka Putra. "Designing Effective Regulations on Rabies Control in Tropical Regions: A Systematic Literature Review." Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities 5, no. 2 (2024): 811–24. https://doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v5i2.1140.

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Rabies, a global public health issue with a 100% mortality rate, affects tens of thousands annually, primarily in tropical regions, and is widespread in over 150 regions. Effective rabies control regulations are crucial in tropical regions due to limited healthcare, dense population, and virus-carrying species, promoting well-being, reducing costs, and promoting sustainability. This article aims to design effective regulations on rabies control in tropical regions. The study utilized a systematic literature review to explore effective rabies control in tropical regions. The analysis used Publish and Perish 8 tool and Mendeley Reference Manager software. The PRISMA was employed to guide the investigation. The study identified 26 significant research articles from 357 exclusions. The results reveal that pet rabies regulations may not effectively control outbreaks, requiring prioritizing awareness campaigns due to resource constraints, weak healthcare systems, and cultural factors in tropical regions. Therefore, the design of effective regulations on rabies control in tropical regions highlight: vaccination programs targeting pet domestications; reducing risk of rabies transmission through domesticated livestock; including rules on control, risk regulation, and animal population control; outlining minimum standards for health facilities and veterinary services; retraining healthcare workers and veterinarians involved in rabies prevention is necessary.
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Zedalis, Rex J. "The Chemical Weapons Convention Implementation Act: United States Control Over Exports." American Journal of International Law 90, no. 1 (1996): 138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203761.

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During 1994, the total sales value of chemicals exported from the United States exceeded $51 billion, up 15 percent over the previous year and resulting in the chemical sector outpacing all other sectors that finished the year with favorable trade balances. Chemicals leaving the United States were shipped under the control provisions of both the Department of Commerce's Export Administration Regulations (EAR), and the Department of State's International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR). Though this is something of an oversimplification, the EAR basically concerns itself with products that have civilian application, and the ITAR with products of use to the military. Currently, the Commodity Control List of the EAR, overseen by Commerce's Office of Export Licensing within the Bureau of Export Administration, identifies fifty-four chemicals and ten toxins as intermediate agents and precursors to chemical weapons subject to export regulation. The Munitions List of the ITAR, administered by the Office of Defense Trade Controls of the State Department's Bureau of Politico-Military Affairs, identifies twenty-two chemicals as subject to regulation and cautions that this listing is merely illustrative, as any “chemical agent,” defined as “a substance having military application,” is subject to export control.
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Van de Poel, Katrien, and Ann Vanstraelen. "Management Reporting on Internal Control and Accruals Quality: Insights from a “Comply-or-Explain” Internal Control Regime." AUDITING: A Journal of Practice & Theory 30, no. 3 (2011): 181–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/ajpt-10052.

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SUMMARY Internal control regulation remains the subject of an ongoing global debate among academics, regulators, and practitioners in terms of costs and effectiveness. This is reflected by different internal control regulations in different countries, resulting in varying management's incentives across regulatory regimes. Prior research, however, has primarily focused on the U.S. rules-based setting to study the relationship between internal control regulation and financial reporting. The purpose of this paper is to study the relationship between internal control reporting and accruals quality in an alternative internal control regime based on the “comply-or-explain principle” in The Netherlands. We show that in this setting accruals quality is not associated with the description of the internal control system, while there is evidence of a positive association with an unaudited statement of effective internal controls. Further, we find that the noncompliance rate of providing a statement of effective internal controls is relatively high, and that companies give generic explanations for noncompliance or no explanation at all. Overall, insights from different internal control regulatory regimes may further advance our knowledge on internal control regulation effectiveness. Data Availability: All data are publicly available.
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Liu, Tong, and Wenyan Wang. "Nano-Catalysis for Agricultural Pollution Control." International Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Information Systems 16, no. 1 (2025): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijaeis.373488.

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Agricultural non-point source pollution (ANPSP) poses a significant threat to environmental and public health, particularly in rapidly developing economies like China. This paper examines nanocatalysis as a promising technology for mitigating ANPSP, highlighting its efficiency in pollutant removal. Reviewing recent studies (2020-2024), we find nanocatalysis effective in degrading pollutants but note challenges such as cost, long-term impact, and regulation. Integrating nanocatalysis with economic law could balance innovation with sustainability. Future efforts should refine models, enhance regulations, and promote interdisciplinary collaboration to fully leverage nanocatalysis for sustainable agriculture.
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Prayitno, Rangga, and J. Sam Miekhel. "Regulation of Cigarette Use According to International Law and Indonesian National Law." Siber International Journal of Advanced Law (SIJAL) 1, no. 1 (2023): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.38035/sijal.v1i1.4.

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Health is a human right that must be protected by the state. The right to live healthy is a basic right that must be guaranteed because health is part of the primary needs of every human being. Smoking is very dangerous for health. The use of cigarettes has an impact on the health of other people around the smoker. This action violates a person's right to a healthy environment as guaranteed by the constitution. This research uses normative juridical research methods. The results found in this study are: (1) Regulation of the use of cigarettes according to international law is contained in the FCTC. (2) The Indonesian government has established a Draft Law on Tobacco and Government Regulations as a response to regulation of the use of cigarettes internationally (3) Regulations in Indonesia regarding tobacco control are currently in the form of Government Regulations, including Government Regulation No. 19 of 2003 concerning Tobacco Control.
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33

Kurzynoga, Małgorzata. "Naruszenie prawa przez pracodawcę przy uzgadnianiu zasad kontroli trzeźwości z działającymi u niego związkami zawodowymi." Studia z zakresu Prawa Pracy i Polityki Społecznej 30, no. 3 (2023): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/25444654spp.23.018.17899.

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Violation of the law by the employer when agreeing the rules of soberity control with the employer’s trade unions This article critically assesses the regulation, which entered into force on February 21, 2023, with regards to the procedure for establishing preventive sobriety control for employers with trade unions. The new solutions, on one hand, grant the employer the right to control the sobriety of employees if it is necessary to ensure the protection of employees or other persons’life and health or the protection of property, on the other hand it entangles the employer into an imperfect model of coordinating the rules of this control in the labour regulations. In practice, trade unions have the opportunity to block the introduction of intra-company sobriety control regulations, and at the later stage, to change them. Taking into account the purpose of this control the Author points out arguments in support of the thesis that is permissible to amend the working regulations against the will of the trade union party, which obstructionism prevents the introduction or modification of the already existing system of employee sobriety control.
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Chen, Wei, Luwen Gao, Xing Xu, and Yan Zeng. "Does Stricter Command-and-Control Environmental Regulation Promote Total Factor Productivity? Evidence from China’s Industrial Enterprises." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2022 (March 10, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2197260.

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China is implementing increasing stringent command-and-control environmental regulations to achieve high-quality development. However, we have limited understanding about whether such policies are effective. This study selects the policy of China’s National Environmental Protection “Eleventh Five-Year Plan” as a quasi-natural experiment and uses the difference-in-differences (DID) method to analyze the effect of stricter command-controlled environmental regulations on total factor productivity from the enterprise level. Our results indicate that stricter command-and-control environmental regulation promotes TFP of enterprises throughout the country. This effect is even greater in long-established, large-scale, or low capital density enterprises. In addition, stricter command-and-control environmental regulation has a greater positive effect on the TFP of companies in industries with high pollution intensity and fierce competition. Furthermore, government transformation and market green preference will magnify the positive effect of stricter command-and-control environmental regulation on corporate TFP. Moreover, stricter command-and-control environmental regulation promotes the growth of enterprise TFP mainly by improving the efficiency of resource allocation within and between enterprises, rather than stimulating innovation. Local governments should refine pollution control policies, optimize the external environment, and enhance the innovation power of enterprises.
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Dorweiler, Vernon P., and Mehenna Yakhou. "Corporate governance: an international comparison." Corporate Ownership and Control 5, no. 1 (2007): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv5i1c1p6.

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Commerce has reached a global basis. Either trade regulation has eased, or deployment of production facilities has been adopted. Laws and regulations limit commercial practices in individual countries. Below the level of commerce is control of corporations, internally and externally; that is corporate governance. This research is to explore corporate governance, as laws and regulations enforcing control of corporations on a comparative global basis with commerce. While the scope of the research is broad, descriptions are specific to corporate purposes
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Boos, Dominik, and Pedro Ferreira. "Origin Firing Regulations to Control Genome Replication Timing." Genes 10, no. 3 (2019): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10030199.

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Complete genome duplication is essential for genetic homeostasis over successive cell generations. Higher eukaryotes possess a complex genome replication program that involves replicating the genome in units of individual chromatin domains with a reproducible order or timing. Two types of replication origin firing regulations ensure complete and well-timed domain-wise genome replication: (1) the timing of origin firing within a domain must be determined and (2) enough origins must fire with appropriate positioning in a short time window to avoid inter-origin gaps too large to be fully copied. Fundamental principles of eukaryotic origin firing are known. We here discuss advances in understanding the regulation of origin firing to control firing time. Work with yeasts suggests that eukaryotes utilise distinct molecular pathways to determine firing time of distinct sets of origins, depending on the specific requirements of the genomic regions to be replicated. Although the exact nature of the timing control processes varies between eukaryotes, conserved aspects exist: (1) the first step of origin firing, pre-initiation complex (pre-IC formation), is the regulated step, (2) many regulation pathways control the firing kinase Dbf4-dependent kinase, (3) Rif1 is a conserved mediator of late origin firing and (4) competition between origins for limiting firing factors contributes to firing timing. Characterization of the molecular timing control pathways will enable us to manipulate them to address the biological role of replication timing, for example, in cell differentiation and genome instability.
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37

Lam, Jacqueline C. K., and Peter Hills. "Promoting Technological Environmental Innovations." International Journal of Applied Logistics 2, no. 2 (2011): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijal.2011040102.

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This paper reviews and discusses the debate over the effectiveness of environmental regulation in promoting industrial Technological Environmental Innovation (TEI). Using the innovation-friendly regulatory principles adapted from Porter and van der Linde (1995a, 1995b), this paper demonstrates how properly designed and implemented environmental regulation (TEI promoting regulation) has played a critical role in promoting TEI in the transport industry in California and Hong Kong. In both cases, it has shown that stringent environmental regulations that send clear and strong signals for future environmental performance requirements are critical in promoting TEIs in the public transport industries. Unlike traditional command-and-control regulations, TEI promoting regulations are strongly supported by incentive and capability-enhancing measures.
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38

Anggles, Santo Yosep, Made Warka, and Krisnadi Nasution. "The nature of abandoned land control regulations." Technium Social Sciences Journal 32 (June 9, 2022): 334–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v32i1.6557.

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This research is a normative legal research. Abandonment of land as regulated in LoGA and its implementing regulations PP No.11 of 2010, the enactment Job Creation Law and PP No. 20 of 2021 essentially brings legal certainty in its implementation, in fact as Article 180, 181 of the Job Creation Law and PP No.20 of 2021, there is still a need for a harmonization of laws and regulations, which means that there is no guarantee of legal certainty. As a result of law on controlling and utilizing abandoned land, with the harmonization of statutory regulations regarding abandoned areas and abandoned land, agrarian reform which still recognizes land reform as so far is intended for abandoned land in UUPA, makes the utilization of abandoned land.
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39

Colton, Roger D., and Michael F. Sheehan. "Mobile Home Rent Control: Designing Local Regulations." Land Use Law & Zoning Digest 44, no. 11 (1992): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00947598.1992.10394688.

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40

Black, Sam, and Marchel Holle. "Satellite Industry Perspectives on Export Control Regulations." Astropolitics 13, no. 2-3 (2015): 135–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14777622.2015.1083798.

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41

Chou, Li-chung, Chung-ho Yu, and Chien-wei Chen. "Noise regulations and control policy in Taiwan." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 131, no. 4 (2012): 3505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4709245.

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42

Cuny, Eve. "California Infection Control Regulations for Dental Professionals." Journal of the California Dental Association 45, no. 4 (2017): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19424396.2017.12222435.

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43

Wempy, Agustinus, Zaenal Efendi, and Marsudi Dedi Putra. "Regulation Of Cybersecurity Technology As An Effort To Address Security Threats To Privacy In The Digital Era." JURNAL HUKUM SEHASEN 10, no. 2 (2024): 509–16. https://doi.org/10.37676/jhs.v10i2.6732.

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Cybersecurity technology regulations play a key role in ensuring adequate protection of individual data privacy in an increasingly complex digital era. In the context of the collection, use, and dissemination of personal data by various entities, these regulations provide a foundation for governing practices related to data privacy. Through regulations such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the European Union, stringent standards are enforced to protect personal data and grant individuals control over their data. Transparency, restrictions on data use and access, and the implementation of robust data security measures are key aspects of this regulation. Additionally, law enforcement and sanctions for data privacy violations are integral parts of effective cybersecurity regulations. Thus, cybersecurity technology regulations aim to create a safe and trustworthy digital environment where individual data privacy is respected and optimally protected.
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44

Afandy, Tri, Mirza Nasution, and Jelly Leviza. "Pengaturan Penjualan Minuman Beralkohol di Kota Medan Menurut Peraturan Perundang-Undangan yang Berlaku di Indonesia Dan Agama Islam." As-Syar'i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga 6, no. 3 (2024): 1537–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.47467/as.v6i3.7029.

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The circulation of alcoholic beverages requires licensing, as regulated in the following regulations: Presidential Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 74 of 2013 on the Control and Supervision of Alcoholic Beverages, and the Minister of Trade Regulation Number 20/M-DAG/PER/4/2014 on the Control and Supervision of Procurement, Distribution, and Sale of Alcoholic Beverages (hereinafter abbreviated as Minister of Trade Regulation No. 20/M-DAG/PER/4/2014) along with the amendments made by the Ministry of Trade. This study uses normative legal research because in addressing the formulated problems, it is clear that the research prioritizes literature or secondary data. Normative legal research emphasizes secondary data, including regulations and legal theories, while also examining the legal norms prevailing in society, leading to the discovery of legal principles in the form of dogma or legal doctrine that are scientifically theoretical and can be used to analyze the discussed issues. The regulation of alcoholic beverage sales is normatively adequate in the implementation of control over the sale of alcoholic beverages. According to the prevailing laws and regulations, the sale of alcoholic beverages is only permitted in certain places such as bars, discotheques, 3 to 5-star hotels, and locations that are not adjacent to places of worship, government offices, and hospitals. However, in reality, the practice of selling alcoholic beverages in the city of Medan still occurs in places that do not comply with the regulations, such as shops and wholesalers, resulting in legal uncertainty.
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45

Dong, Mingjia, Mingxiao Liu, Lina Yin, Jinjie Zhou, and Dongpo Sun. "Concept and Practices Involved in Comprehensive River Control Based on the Synergy among Flood Control, Ecological Restoration, and Urban Development: A Case Study on a Valley Reach of Luanhe River in a Semiarid Region in North China." Water 14, no. 9 (2022): 1413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14091413.

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Many rivers in semiarid areas have ecological degradation and flood control problems that need to be addressed urgently. In order to maintain river health and to promote the sustainable development of cities near these rivers, a comprehensive river regulation project must be carried out. In this study, first, the factors influencing river health are discussed, and the principles and main restrictions involved in comprehensive regulations are studied. The scientific regulation mode is proposed, and new financing channels for water conservancy construction are also suggested. Second, a river reach adjacent to a city in the middle part of the Luanhe River in North China is used as a case study. The health status of the river is analyzed, and a comprehensive river regulation plan combined with urban development is put forward on this basis. The plan includes embankment construction, river regulations, multilevel rubber dam storage, ecological restoration, and artificial lake and riverside landscape construction. The influence of the engineering treatment on the river flood discharge capacity is examined, and the treatment effect is verified by a hydraulic scale model. After implementation of the comprehensive river regulations, the flood control safety of the city and river ecological environment are found to be significantly improved, with the hidden danger of dust storms eliminated. The treatment project incurs environmental, social, and economic benefits and preliminarily achieves the coordination and mutual promotion of river regulation and urban development.
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Nugraha, Asep Firman, Winiati P. Rahayu, and Azis Boing Sitanggang. "Proposal for regulation of sugar, salt, and fat (SSF) control in Indonesia and its comparison with other countries." BIO Web of Conferences 169 (2025): 03001. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202516903001.

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The proposal for the regulation of sugar, salt, and fat (SSF) in Indonesia aims to address the high prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which account for 73% of current mortality rates, with cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes being the leading causes. The background highlights the comparison of SSF regulations and limits in various countries and the World Health Organization (WHO). The research employs a literature study method, collecting and synthesizing data from scientific journals and official government sources. A systematic search using keywords such as “sugar,” “salt,” “fat,” and “regulation” was conducted in the Scopus database, yielding 6,254 documents, which were narrowed to 1,828 based on specific inclusion criteria. A bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer was performed to visualize trends and article connectivity. Additionally, Indonesian regulatory documents, such as the Ministry of Health Regulation No. 30 of 2013, and international regulations were analyzed. This Indonesia regulation is reinforced by the 2015 amendment to improve its effectiveness. The results section examines Indonesia’s existing regulations, and the discussion includes strategic recommendations for enhancing SSF regulation, inspired by successful policies from other countries. The results highlight the need for stricter implementation, improved nutritional labelling, product reformulation, and public education to mitigate the health risks associated with high SSF consumption. Recommendations also include taxation on high SSF products, advertising restrictions, and enhanced industry cooperation, alongside increased access to healthy foods, stronger policy enforcement, and robust monitoring are suggested.
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Kuznetsova, Angela, Borys Samorodov, Galyna Azarenkova, Kateryna Oryekhova, and Maksym Babenko. "Operational control over the financial stability of banking." Banks and Bank Systems 15, no. 1 (2020): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.15(1).2020.06.

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Maintaining proper financial stability of each banking institution is one of the main tasks facing the banking system of Ukraine. This enables operational control over the financial strength of banking activities.The purpose of the article is to develop recommendations on the operational control of financial stability of banking and to test them using banking institutions in Ukraine as an example.To execute operational control over the financial stability of banking, economic standards of banking regulation are grouped under the “at least” or “not exceeding” principle. To determine their change over time, Shewhart control charts are proposed.The recommendations were tested through the example of the Ukrainian banking institutions (with state, foreign and private capital). It was found out that in 2017–2019, the following three economic standards of banking regulations were not met: regulatory capital adequacy, high credit risk, and average investments; besides, there were two standards at the limit of control value: the ratio of regulatory capital to total assets and the maximum amount of credit risk per counterparty.To improve the financial status of banking institutions, it is recommended to take organizational and financial measures to change the average value of the relevant economic standards for banking regulation to a level that ensures financial stability.
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48

Simonsen, Jan Ketil, and Elisabeth L'orange Fürst. "Experiences of GDPR in Norway: Politics of autonomy and control." Anthropology Today 40, no. 2 (2024): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8322.12875.

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This article explores the challenges Norwegian anthropologists face owing to the implementation of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The authors’ analysis reveals a tension between the need to comply with data protection regulations and preserve research autonomy and methodological integrity. The authors document how GDPR's bureaucratic control mechanisms have influenced researchers’ conceptualization of ethics, leading to a split between legalistic adherence and critical responses within the anthropological community. This situation has necessitated negotiations with various stakeholders and re‐evaluating participatory observational methods, particularly in health research, where access has become increasingly difficult. The article highlights the anthropological community's efforts to navigate these regulations through national debates, establishing forums for ethics in ethnographic research and developing strategies to maintain methodological standards while ensuring GDPR compliance. The authors advocate vigilance against the colonization of bureaucratic logic and seek to secure anthropological representation in regulatory bodies to safeguard the discipline's interests.
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49

Li, Hui, Chuandang Zhao, Xiaoying Tang, et al. "How Do Different Types of Environmental Regulations Affect Green Innovation Efficiency?" Journal of Mathematics 2021 (May 27, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6677334.

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Environmental regulation policies are being continuously enriched today. To effectively improve green innovation efficiency through environmental regulations, it is urgent to better understand the impact of different environmental regulations on green innovation efficiency (GIE). However, due to the defects of previous methods for measuring GIE, existing studies may have deviations when analysing the effect of environmental regulations on GIE. To fill this gap, using Shaanxi, China, as a case study, the present study proposes a network data envelopment analysis (DEA) model based on neutral cross-efficiency evaluation to accurately measure the GIE of Shaanxi during the period of 2001–2017. On this basis, this study further analysed the impact of different types of environmental regulations on GIE from three aspects: causality, evolutionary relationships, and effect paths. The results indicate that (1) the GIE of Shaanxi Province showed a “fluctuation-slow growth-steady growth” trend during 2001–2017, and after 2014, the problem of an uncoordinated relationship between technology research and design (R&D) and technology transformation began to appear; (2) there was a linear evolutionary relationship between command-and-control environmental regulation and GIE and a “U”-shaped evolutionary relationship between market-based/voluntary environmental regulation and GIE; and (3) command-and-control environmental regulation and voluntary environmental regulation affected GIE mainly at the technology R&D stage, while market-based environmental regulation ran through the entire process of green innovation activities. This study improves the evaluation methods and theoretical systems of GIE and provides the scientific basis for government decision-makers to formulate environmental regulation policies.
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Calle-Vaquero, Manuel de la, María García-Hernández, and Sofía Mendoza de Miguel. "Urban Planning Regulations for Tourism in the Context of Overtourism. Applications in Historic Centres." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (2020): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010070.

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The rapid growth in urban tourism has brought great pressure to the historic centres, intensifying the negative externalities that threaten their protection and proper functioning. The aim of this article is to analyse the use of urban planning regulations as an instrument for containing tourism activity in situations of overtourism. A two-stage methodological approach is employed: Firstly, a review of the local governments’ response to the effects of tourism growth and the possibilities of local control in 46 Spanish cities is presented; secondly, a comparative analysis of the stricter short-term rentals regulations adopted by those cities is carried out. The common basis of the adopted regulations is the control of tourist use of an entire dwelling. Of the cities analysed, Barcelona has the most restrictive regulation, while in all the other cities, regulation is less restrictive and depends on the type of accommodation in question and/or the conditions imposed on issuing new licences. The results demonstrate the difficulties entailed in the process of formulating and applying regulations and reveal imbalances between the economic and urban planning visions, and between the rapid change in tourism and the much slower response capacity of governments.
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