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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Control source'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Fabbiano, Ruggero. "Collaborative source-seeking control." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT038/document.

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Cette dissertation fait face au problème de la localisation de sources, un sujet qui a été largement étudié dans la littérature récente au vu de son grand nombre d'applications. En particulier, ce travail se concentre sur le pilotage de multiples capteurs, capables de prendre des mesures ponctuelles de la quantité émise, vers la source sans faire usage d'aucune information de position, qui se trouve être indisponible dans de nombreux cas pratiques (par exemple, sous l'eau ou dans l'exploration souterraine). En faisant quelques hypothèses sur le processus de diffusion, nous développons un modèle qui permet d'utiliser des outils mathématiques (l'intégrale de Poisson et ses dérivées) pour obtenir une simple approximation du gradient de la fonction décrivant le processus de diffusion, dont la source représente le maximum, ce qui permet d'utiliser l'algorithme du gradient et trouver l'emplacement de la source. Les contributions sont de trois ordres : d'abord, nous utilisons ces outils pour résoudre le problème de la recherche d'une source en deux dimensions à travers d'un contrôle centralisé, où un seul véhicule, équipé de multiples capteurs et sans information de position, se déplace dans un environnement planaire où se trouve une source. Ensuite, nous étendons cette recherche à un cadre en trois dimensions, en considérant un engin volant équipé de capteurs qui se déplace dans l'espace ; pour ce cas plus général, outre la validation par simulations, nous fournissons également une étude théorique des propriétes de convergence de la loi de commande proposée. Enfin, nous abordons le problème de la localisation de source de façon distribuée, compte tenu de plusieurs capteurs autonomes mobiles (en deux dimensions) ; outre le problème de mettre en oeuvre l'algorithme de localisation de source de manière distribuée, nous devons garantir un contrôle de la formation approprié pour assurer l'exactitude de l'estimation du gradient, et donc atteindre la source.}
The dissertation faces the problem of source localisation, a topic which has been extensively studied in recent literature due to its large number of applications. In particular, it focuses on steering multiple sensors, able to take point-wise measurements of the emitted quantity, towards the source without making use of any position information, which happens to be unavailable in many practical cases (for example, underwater or underground exploration). By making some assumptions on the diffusion process, we develop a model which allows us to use some mathematical tools (the Poisson integral and its derivatives) for a simple approximation of the gradient of the function describing the diffusion process, whose source represents its maximum, making it possible to perform a gradient ascent to find the source location. The contributions are threefold: first, we use such tools to solve a 2-dimensional centralised source-seeking problem, where a single vehicle, equipped with multiple sensors and without position information, is moving in a planar environment where a source is supposed to emit. Then, we extend it to a 3-dimensional framework, considering a flying vehicle equipped with sensors moving in the space; for this more general case, in addition to simulation validation, we provide a theoretical study of the convergence properties of the proposed control law. Finally, we tackle the distributed source-localisation problem, considering several autonomous moving sensors (in two dimensions); in addition to the problem of implementing the source-localisation algorithm in a distributed manner, in this latter case we have also to guarantee a suitable formation control, to ensure the correctness of the gradient estimation and hence reach the source
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2

Seppänen, V. (Vili). "Open source version control software." Bachelor's thesis, University of Oulu, 2015. http://jultika.oulu.fi/Record/nbnfioulu-201503311195.

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Abstract. The environment around open source version control software is very opinionated and therefore it is hard to find unbiased comparison between different open source version control software. This Bachelor’s thesis provides background and covers the basics of version control systems. Thesis also categorizes and differentiates the main types of version control systems, by investigating the way they handle repositories and by categorizing them to centralized and distributed. Finally, this thesis provides the unbiased technical comparison of the selected open source version control software and a way to map a suitable one for a software project. Comparison of technical details is collected into tables for easy interpretation and the main differentiators are explained more carefully. Mapping is achieved by pairing the major characteristics of different software projects with the technical features of version control systems and then with version control software that best supports these specific features. Pairing of the software project and the version control software is further refined with technical details that are not covered by the needs of major characteristics of the software project. Selection of the open source version control software is restricted to the four most popular ones.Avoimen lähdekoodin versionhallintaohjelmistot. Tiivistelmä. Avoimen lähdekoodin versionhallintaohjelmistoista on vaikea löytää puolueetonta vertailua, koska mielipiteet niiden ympärillä ovat hyvin polarisoituneita. Tämä kandidaatintyö tarjoaa taustatietoa ja käy läpi versionhallintajärjestelmien perusteet. Lisäksi tutkielma luokittelee ja erottaa versionhallintajärjestelmien päätyypit tarkastelemalla järjestelmien tapaa käyttää versionhallinnan varastoa ja kategorisoimalla järjestelmät sen mukaan keskitettyihin ja hajautettuihin. Tämä kandidaatintyö esittää myös puolueettoman teknisen vertailun yleisimmistä avoimen lähdekoodin versionhallintaohjelmistoista ja tavan kartoittaa ohjelmistoprojektiin sopiva versionhallintaohjelmisto. Tekninen vertailu on koottu taulukoiksi tulkinnan helpottamiseksi. Lisäksi pääeroavaisuudet on käyty läpi tarkemmin. Sopivan versionhallintaohjelmiston kartoittaminen ohjelmistoprojektiin on toteutettu yhdistämällä ohjelmistoprojektien tunnusomaiset piirteet versionhallintajärjestelmien ominaisuuksiin ja tämän jälkeen valitsemalla versionhallintaohjelmisto, joka toteuttaa kyseiset ominaisuudet. Tämän lisäksi versionhallintaohjelmiston valintaa tarkennetaan ottamalla huomioon ne tekniset eroavaisuudet, jotka eivät tule esiin tarkasteltaessa ohjelmistoprojektin tunnusomaisia piirteitä. Avoimen lähdekoodin versionhallintaohjelmistoista mukaan on valittu vain neljä käytetyintä.
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3

Bao, Lei. "Source-channel coding for closed-loop control." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm, Communication Theory Lab, School of Electrical Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3980.

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4

Song, Tae Ik. "Lithium ion source for satellite charge control." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/34832.

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Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.
A lithium ion source using thermal emission from mineral beta- eucryptite has been investigated as a possible control device for spacecraft charging. This source can be used for control of positively charged spacecraft potentials in sunlight and differentially charged spacecraft surfaces in shadow. This thesis investigates the dependence of the emitted ion current on several parameters: source temperature (power input), source bias potentials and potentials applied to simulated spacecraft geometries. Saturation current of about 5.8 micro amp were measured at an extraction potentials of 100 Volts from a source of 0.317 cm2 surface area with a power input of 18 Watts. The lifetime due to ion exhaustion was found to be approximately 200 hours for this compact source. Our results indicate that this type of ion source may represent an effective charge control device for spacecraft.
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5

Goda, Sunil. "Coherent control with a multi-octave source /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.

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6

Woolaghan, Stephen John. "Current source inverters for PM machine control." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/current-source-inverters-for-pm-machine-control(cf31f106-f7b5-475d-a5c1-8da80c06fc8a).html.

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Brushless permanent magnet (PM) drive systems offer a high efficiency over a wide power/torque-speed operating envelope, however, there are a number of problems that may limit, or complicate, their operation particularly in automotive and aerospace vehicular applications, i.e. the loss of control of the power silicon gate drive circuitry during fluxweakening operation, control of high-speed low-inductance machines and the presence of large electrolytic capacitors on the inverter DC link. Current Source Inverters (CSIs) could potentially address some or all of the above issues. However, they have found little application to date due to the wide use of the Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) circuit topology.This thesis investigates feasibility of utilising Current Source Inverters (CSIs) to control permanent magnet synchronous machines in automotive and aerospace actuation systems. CSIs, switching at the fundamental frequency, were used in some of the first semiconductor based, electronic variable speed drive systems that utilised the simple, low maintenance AC induction motor. However, the rapid progress of semiconductors and discovery of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) techniques soon resulted in the Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) replacing the CSI in all but the highest power applications. Modern power electronics and (micro-processor based) control systems mean that the advantages of VSI systems may no longer be significant and combined with the unique environmental conditions that automotive and aerospace applications present, could allow the CSI to offer advantages over VSIs in these applications.The thesis presents the switching and control logic for CSIs and mapping to the more conventional VSI logic. Analysis is made of the various loss mechanisms in VSI and CSI power circuitary. Simulation models of the VSI and CSI structures are presented and representative drive systems designed, built and tested to validate the model developed. Comparisons are made of the two inverter topologies based on power conversions and loss audits of the test validation hardware.
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7

Rusli, Pinky. "The Effect of Control Source and Control Framing on Employee Effort." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/accountancy_etds/8.

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Prior research suggests that controls can negatively impact the motivation of employees to exert effort and that the detrimental effects of controls depend on control source. That is, controls cause more adverse behavior when employees attribute the source of control implementation to their manager’s decision than when the source of control implementation is beyond their manager’s authority. This study uses experiments to investigate whether the behavioral effects of controls depend not only on control source, but also on control framing, by which managers can frame the control implementation either for monitoring or coordinating purposes. The study also suggests that the interaction of control source and control framing impacts the strength of vertical collective identity, i.e. the shared identity between managers and employees, which in turn explains the differences in employee effort. While this study documents that the interaction of control source and control framing has no effect on vertical collective identity or employee effort, it finds a surprising result: employees respond more positively to the monitoring-framed controls than to the coordinating-framed controls, particularly when the controls are imposed by the manager. This finding suggests that persuasive messages can backfire if the employees are aware of the manager’s potentially self-serving motives behind the control implementation.
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8

Sundbrandt, Markus. "Control of a Ground Source Heat Pump using Hybrid Model Predictive Control." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Reglerteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-71369.

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The thesis has been conducted at Bosch Thermoteknik AB and its aim is to develop a Model Predictive Control (MPC) controller for a ground source heat pump which minimizes the power consumption while being able to keep the inside air temperature and Domestic Hot Water (DHW) temperature within certain comfortintervals. First a model of the system is derived, since the system consists of both continuous and binary states a hybrid model is used. The MPC controller utilizes the model to predict the future states of the system, and by formulating an optimizationproblem an optimal control is achieved. The MPC controller is evaluated and compared to a conventional controller using simulations. After some tuning the MPC controller is capable of maintaining the inside air and DHW temperature at their reference levels without oscillating too much. The MPC controller’s general performance is quite similar to the conventional controller, but with a power consumption which is 1-3 % lower. A simulation using an inside air temperature reference which is lowered during the night is also conducted, it achieved a power consumption which was 7.5 % lower compared to a conventional controller.
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9

Song, Tae Ik. "Spacecraft charge control using a lithium ion source /." Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA238272.

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Thesis (M.S. in Physics)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 1990.
Thesis Advisor(s): Olsen, Richard C. Second Reader(s): Heinz, Otto. "June 1990." Description based on title page as viewed on October 16, 2009. DTIC Identifier(s): Lithium Ion Source, Satellite Charge Control. Author(s) subject terms: Lithium Ion Source, Satellite Charge Control. Includes bibliographical references (p. 49-50). Also available online.
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10

Zaitcev, Aleksandr. "EEG source imaging for improved control BCI performance." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17155/.

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Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) provide means for direct braincomputer interaction, based solely on the user's brain neural activity, commonly captured by Electroencephalography (EEG), and do not rely on any degree of physical movement. From a general perspective the function of BCIs is to discriminate between a limited set of mental states, which the user enters voluntarily or unconsciously. This represents a foundation for various BCI applications such as assistive technologies, including neuroprosthetics and computer control BCIs for disabled users or mental state monitoring systems aimed for emotion, fatigue or workload recognition. A commonly used type of mental tasks for BCI control is imagination of physical movement or motor imagery, which is characterized by the local power deviation occurring in the brain areas responsible for muscles involved in the executed task. This PhD manuscript is dedicated to the design of motor imagery EEG BCIs with a particular focus on signal processing and classification approaches that incorporate the background knowledge about biophysics and EEG signal generation. These aspects are considered in the EEG source reconstruction process, which estimate the cortical currents during the EEG voltage measurements from head surface. In this work it is shown that the application of the source reconstruction in a BCI signal processing scheme effectively decreases the negative effects of EEG electrode coupling providing for an increase in class separability, given that the cortical areas involved in motor imagery are anatomically segregated. Based on these observations a novel BCI feature extraction method based on source analysis and common spatial patterns (CSP) was proposed and its performance was investigated with a common motor imagery dataset and our own real-time BCI implementation. Our results show that EEG source reconstruction reduces the influence of noise and muscular artifacts, and thus the proposed approach consistently outperforms the conventional BCI sensor feature extraction methods.
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11

Pushkarskaya, Helen N. "NONPOINT SOURCE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL: INCENTIVES THEORY APPROACH." The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1041607329.

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12

Renjit, Ajit Anbiah. "MODELING, ANALYSIS AND CONTROL OF MIXED SOURCE MICROGRID." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1450770774.

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13

Kalitjuka, Tatjana. "Control of Voltage Source Converters for Power System Applications." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for elkraftteknikk, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-14370.

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The research work is aimed on the investigation of possible modeling and control schemes for the dc-link of VSC, with the purpose of identifying the impact of such modeling and control on the dynamics of the conversion system. A system consisting of back-to-back converters with equivalent grid interconnection and source representation is designed in the software PSCAD/EMTDC using a detailed switching model of the inverter and rectifier components. The control technique based on the well-established concept of vector control is implemented. The main task of the master thesis is oriented towards the achievement of more reliable dc-link dynamics with smaller required capacitance. The control algorithm is based on balancing the power between inverter and rectifier through the dc-link with the minimum dc voltage variations. Dc-link voltage regulation is achieved by implementing a control based on the energy stored in the dc-link capacitor. Alignment to a dq synchronous reference frame orientation with PI regulators is used in the control philosophy for decoupling purposes.
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14

Lu, Bin 1969. "A feedback control algorithm for voltage-source matrix converter /." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28001.

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One application of the voltage-source, matrix converter is as an asynchronous link, joining two AC power systems with different frequencies (50Hz/60Hz), or at the same frequency (60Hz/60Hz) but at different phase angles. This thesis work shows that for this kind of link, there exists an automatic closed-loop feedback strategy to control the real and reactive powers quickly and independently.
In this thesis, the new matrix converter topology, based on the three-phase voltage-source converters, has been used.
The thesis mixes the dyadic matrix structure the a-b-c to d-q-o transformation and feedback control theory together to get the results.
Digital simulations are presented.
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15

Lu, Bin. "A feedback control algorithm for voltage-source matrix converter." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ37268.pdf.

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16

Murray, Nicholas John. "Flexible Power control in Large Power Current Source Conversion." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2610.

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This thesis describes a new concept, applicable to high-power current-sourced conversion (CSC), where a controllable firing-angle shift is introduced between series and parallel converters to enable independent active and reactive power control. The firing-shift concept solves a difficult problem, by giving thyristor based CSCs the control flexibility of pulse-width modulated (PWM) converters, but without a loss in efficiency or rating. Several configurations are developed, based on the firing-shift concept, and provide flexible, efficient solutions for both very high power HVDC transmission, and very high current industrial processes. HVDC transmission configurations are first developed for 4-quadrant high-pulse operation, based on the series connected multi-level current reinjection (MLCR) topology. Independent reactive power control between two ends of an HVDC link are proven under firing-shift control, with high-pulse operation, and without on-load tap changing (OLTC) transformers. This is followed by application of firing-shift control to a bi-directional back-to-back HVDC link connecting two weak systems to highlight the added dc voltage control flexibility of the concept. The fault recovery capability of an MLCR based ultra-HVDC (UHVDC) long distance transmis-sion scheme is also proven under firing-shift control. The scheme responds favourably to both ac disturbances and hard dc faults, without the risk of commutation failures and instability experienced during fault recovery of line-commutated conversion. The two-quadrant capability of very high current rectification is also proven with configurations based on phase-shifted 12-pulse and MLCR parallel CSCs. The elimination of the electro-mechanical OLTC/satruable reactor voltage control, the high-current CSC’s biggest shortcoming, greatly improves controllability and with firing-shift control, ensures high power-factor for all load conditions. This reduces the reactive power demands on the transmission system, which results in more efficient power delivery
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17

Shirazinia, Amirpasha. "Source and Channel Coding for Compressed Sensing and Control." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Kommunikationsteori, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-143913.

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Rapid advances in sensor technologies have fueled massive torrents of data streaming across networks. Such large volume of information, indeed, restricts the operational performance of data processing, causing inefficiency in sensing, computation, communication and control. Hence, classical data processing techniques need to be re-analyzed and re-designed prior to be applied to modern networked data systems. This thesis aims to understand and characterize fundamental principles and interactions in and among sensing, compression, communication, computation and control, involved in networked data systems. In this regard, the thesis investigates four problems. The common theme is the design and analysis of optimized low-delay transmission strategies with affordable complexity for reliable communication of acquired data over networks with the objective of providing high quality of service for users. In the first three problems considered in the thesis, an emerging framework for data acquisition, namely, compressed sensing, is used which performs acquisition and compression simultaneously. The first problem considers the design of iterative encoding schemes, based on scalar quantization, for transmission of compressed sensing measurements over rate-limited links. Our approach is based on an analysis-by-synthesis principle, where the motivation is to reflect non-linearity in reconstruction, raised by compressed sensing, via synthesis, on choosing the best quantized value for encoding, via analysis. Our design shows significant reconstruction performance compared to schemes that only consider direct quantization of compressed sensing measurements. In the second problem, we investigate the design and analysis of encoding--decoding schemes, based on vector quantization, for transmission of compressed sensing measurements over rate-limited noisy links. In so realizing, we take an approach adapted from joint source-channel coding framework. We show that the performance of the studied system can approach the fundamental theoretical bound by optimizing the encoder-decoder pair. The price, however, is increased complexity at the encoder. To address the encoding complexity of the vector quantizer, we propose to use low-complexity multi-stage vector quantizer whose optimized design shows promising performance. In the third problem considered in the thesis, we take one step forward, and study joint source-channel coding schemes, based on vector quantization, for distributed transmission of compressed sensing measurements over noisy rate-limited links. We design optimized distributed coding schemes, and analyze theoretical bounds for such topology. Under certain conditions, our results reveal that the performance of the optimized schemes approaches the analytical bounds. In the last problem and in the context of control under communication constraints, we bring the notion of system dynamicity into the picture. Particularly, we study relations among stability in dynamical networked control systems, performance of real-time coding schemes and the coding complexity. For this purpose, we take approaches adapted from separate source-channel coding, and derive theoretical bounds on the performance of two types of coding schemes: dynamic repetition codes, and dynamic Fountain codes. We analytically and numerically show that the dynamic Fountain codes, over binary-input symmetric channels, with belief propagation decoding, are able to provide system stability in a networked control system. The results in the thesis evidently demonstrate that impressive performance gain is feasible by employing tools from communication and information theory to control and sensing. The insights offered through the design and analysis will also reveal fundamental pieces for understanding real-world networked data puzzle.

QC 20140407

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18

Carroll, David C. "Laser-driven ION acceleration : source optimisation and optical control." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501894.

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19

Verrax, Paul. "Model Predictive Control Applied to Ground Source Heat Pumps." Thesis, KTH, Reglerteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-224330.

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Building heating is one of the most important sources of energy consumption. GroundSource Heat Pumps (GSHP) are efficient heating systems, particularly popular in the Nordiccountries. However, the GSHPs available for the consumer market today typically only utilizebasic control schemes that are relatively inflexible. More advanced strategies such as ModelPredictive Control (MPC) appear as a promising approach to improve comfort while reducingconsumption. The present thesis considers a typical user case of a single family house heatedby a ground source heat pump willing to reduce its environmental impact. We design a MPCcontroller to be used on top of the existing heat pump system and with almost no additionalhardware needed. Specific attention is dedicated to the system’s efficiency in order to reflectthe real working performances of a ground source heat pump. The controller is evaluated insimulation on different scenarios using an identified model of a single family house. The resultsshow the MPC strategy becomes most beneficial when including time varying prices or reducedcomfort during certain hours of the day. When both are conjugated the economic savings areup to 8% despite the loss of efficiency of the heat pump. The controller was implemented andtested on a real system with promising results.
Uppvärmning av byggnader är en av samhällets största energiförbrukare. I Norden användsofta bergvärmepumpar som ett effektivt alternativ för uppvärmning. De flesta bergvärmepumparstyrs av väldigt enkla algoritmer. Model Predictive Control (MPC) är en lovande metodför att ta hänsyn till både inomhustemperatur och energiförbrukning, speciellt om man hartillgång till en väderprognos. Denna rapport studerar hur ett typiskt enfamiljshus kan minskasin energiåtgång och miljöpåverkan. Ansatsen är att lägga till ett yttre reglersystem till bergvärmepumpen.Speciell vikt läggs vid modellering av bergvärmepumpens effektivitet. Olikascenarion jämförs, bland annat att ta hänsyn till elprisets variation över dygnet med hjälpav ekonomisk MPC. Simuleringar visar att användning av MPC är mest fördelaktig i det fallbåde elpriset och krav på innetemperatur varierar över dygnet. I sådana fall kan energikostnadenminska med upp till 8%, trots att bergvärmepumpen stundtals arbetar i ett ogynnsamtdriftläge. Ett verkligt system har använts för systemidentifiering och experiment med en MPCregulator.
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Duke, Connor R. "Optimization of control source and error sensor locations in free field active noise control /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2087.pdf.

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21

Duke, Connor Raymond. "Optimization of Control Source and Error Sensor Locations in Free Field Active Noise Control." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2007. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1169.

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Previous work has shown that active noise control (ANC) can be applied to axial cooling fans. Optimization of the control source and error sensor placement is desired to maximize the attenuation using ANC. A genetic algorithm was developed to find the optimal placement of control sources for a given primary source. The optimal configuration of control sources around a single primary source was shown to be a linear arrangement of the sources. This holds true for both two-dimensional as well as three-dimensional configurations. The higher-order radiation of the linear arrangement has also been verified experimentally, but the improvement in the experimental apparatus was not as dramatic as the theoretical model. Multiple flow visualization techniques have been used to find optimal near field error sensor locations. When there is little obstruction to the flow field of the fan, minimal airflow is found along the near field null that is created by minimizing the sound power of the system. Surface mounting of the error sensors can lead to a small increase in the signal-to-noise ratio of the error sensors if vortices exist in the near field of the fan due to obstructions in the main flow. It has also been shown that the introduction of the ANC system does not affect the flow field of the fan.
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22

Sartipi, Mina. "Modern Error Control Codes and Applications to Distributed Source Coding." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19795.

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This dissertation first studies two-dimensional wavelet codes (TDWCs). TDWCs are introduced as a solution to the problem of designing a 2-D code that has low decoding- complexity and has the maximum erasure-correcting property for rectangular burst erasures. The half-rate TDWCs of dimensions N1 X N2 satisfy the Reiger bound with equality for burst erasures of dimensions N1 X N2/2 and N1/2 X N2, where GCD(N1,N2) = 2. Examples of TDWC are provided that recover any rectangular burst erasure of area N1N2/2. These lattice-cyclic codes can recover burst erasures with a simple and efficient ML decoding. This work then studies the problem of distributed source coding for two and three correlated signals using channel codes. We propose to model the distributed source coding problem with a set of parallel channel that simplifies the distributed source coding to de- signing non-uniform channel codes. This design criterion improves the performance of the source coding considerably. LDPC codes are used for lossless and lossy distributed source coding, when the correlation parameter is known or unknown at the time of code design. We show that distributed source coding at the corner point using LDPC codes is simplified to non-uniform LDPC code and semi-random punctured LDPC codes for a system of two and three correlated sources, respectively. We also investigate distributed source coding at any arbitrary rate on the Slepian-Wolf rate region. This problem is simplified to designing a rate-compatible LDPC code that has unequal error protection property. This dissertation finally studies the distributed source coding problem for applications whose wireless channel is an erasure channel with unknown erasure probability. For these application, rateless codes are better candidates than LDPC codes. Non-uniform rateless codes and improved decoding algorithm are proposed for this purpose. We introduce a reliable, rate-optimal, and energy-efficient multicast algorithm that uses distributed source coding and rateless coding. The proposed multicast algorithm performs very close to network coding, while it has lower complexity and higher adaptability.
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Pegueroles, Queralt Jordi. "Control of voltage source converters for distributed generation in microgrids." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/316782.

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Microgrids are the near future candidate to reduce the dependence on the carbon-based generation, towards a more environmentally friendly and sustainable energy paradigm. The popularization of the use of renewable energy sources has fostered the development of better technologies for microgrids, particularly power electronics and storage systems. Following the improvements in microgrid technologies achieved in the last decade, a new challenge is being faced: the control and management of microgrids for its operation in islanded mode, in addition to its large scale integration into the current electrical power system. The unregulated introduction of distributed generation based on renewable energy sources into the power system could cause as many problems as it would solve. The unpredictability of the generated power would introduce large disturbances into the electric system, making it difficult to control, and eventually resulting in an unstable system. To overcome these issues, the paradigm of microgrids has been proposed: a small power system, able to operate islanded from the main grid, which will permit the large scale introduction of renewable energy sources interfaced with power electronic converters together with energy storage systems into the distribution grids. Microgrids¿ ability to allow their users to operate islanded from the utility grid, brings the potential to offer a high quality of service. It is in the islanded operation mode, particularly in microgrids with a high proportion of renewable based generation, where the major technical challenges are found. This thesis focuses in three of the main challenges of islanded and weak electrical grids: the power converter control of electrical storage systems, its decentralized control design, and also the improvement of power quality in grids disturbed by renewable generation. These topics are addressed from a control point of view, that is, to tackle the electrical problems, modelling them and proposing advanced control strategies to improve performance of microgrids. Energy storage system are a vital element to permit the islanded operation of microgrids, either in the long or short term. New control strategies are proposed in this thesis for the improvement of the converters¿ performance. In addition to the control of the converter, the management and control of different energy storage systems for microgrids are also studied. In particular, supercapacitors and batteries have been considered for the short and long term operation, respectively. Then, the control of islanded microgrids is addressed. Typical controls for islanded microgrids are analysed and new tools for designing stable controllers are proposed. Also, methodologies to analytically obtain the operating point (power flow) of droop controlled grids are studied and proposed. The high penetration of renewable energy sources in weak low-voltage grids results in undesirable electrical disturbances. This problematic in power quality is tackled and innovative solutions to mitigate it are proposed. In particular, a novel power smoothing scheme with simultaneous state of charge regulation of the ESS and power filtering. The new power smoothing scheme, along with the proposed control strategies for storage systems have been experimentally validated in a laboratory test bench, using a supercapacitor bank and a high power lithium-ion battery available at IREC's facilities.
Les microxarxes són les candidates en un futur a curt termini, a substituir la generació basada en el carbó, de cara a assolir un sistema energètic més respectuós amb el medi ambient i més sostenible. La popularització de l'ús d'energies renovables ha fomentat la millora de les tecnologies per a microxarxes, en particular els sistemes d'emmagatzematge i l'electronica de potència. Desprès de les millores en tecnologies de microxarxes aconseguides durant l'última dècada, hi ha un nou repte al qual fer front: el control i gestió de microxarxes per la seva operació aïllada, a més de la integració a gran escala dins del sistema elèctric actual. La introducció descontrolada de fonts de generació distribuides en el sistema elèctric pot causar tants problemes com els que podria sol·lucionar. La incertesa en la producció elèctrica pot introduir grans pertorbacions al sistema elèctric, fent-lo difícil de controlar, i fins i tot el pot arribar a inestabilitzar. Per tal de fer front a aquestes dificultats, es proposa el paradigma de microxarxa: un petit sistema elèctric capaç d'operar de forma aïlla de la xarxa de distribució elèctrica, el qual hauria de permetre la integració a gran escala d'energies renovables a través de l'electrònica de potència, juntament amb sistemes d'emmagatzematge d'energia, dins de les xarxes de distribució. Les microxarxes permeten als seus usuaris a funcionar aillats de la xarxa elèctrica, donant la possibilitat d'oferir una alta qualitat de servei. És en el mode de funcionament aïllat, particularment en microxarxes amb una altra proporció de generació basada en renovables, on es troben la major part de reptes tecnològics. Aquesta tesi es centra en tres d'aquests reptes de les xarxes aillades i dèbils: el disseny del control per a convertidors de potència per a sistemes d'emmagatzematge elèctric, el control descentralitzat de les microxarxes i també la millora en la qualitat de subministre elèctric en xarxes afectades per generació renovable. Aquestes temes es tracten des d'el punt de vista de la teoria de control de sistemes, aixó significa, abordar el problema elèctric, modelar-lo, i proposar estrategies de control avançades per millorar el funcionament de les microxarxes. Els sistemes d'emmagatzematge són un element vital per permetre l'operació aïllada de les microxarxes, tant a llarg com a curt termini. En aquesta tesi es proposen noves estratègies de control per millorar el funcionament dels convertidors d'electrònica de potència. A més del control del convertidor, també s'estudia la gestió i control de diferents sistemes d'emmagatzematge d'energia per a microxarxes. En particular, supercondensador i bateries s'han considerat per l'operació a curt i llarg termini respectivament. Seguidament, s'enfila el control de microxarxes aïllades. S'analitzen els controls típics per a microxarxes i es proposen noves eines de disseny que permeten garantitzar l'estabilitat. A més a més, metodologies per a obtenir el punt d'operació (el flux de potènica) per a xarxes amb control tipus "droop" també s'estudien i proposen. L'alta penetració de fonts d'energia renovables en xarxes de baixa tensió i febles resulta en pertorbacions elèctriques indesitjables. Aquesta problematica en la qualitat de subministrament s'aborda i es proposen solucions inovadores per mitigar els efectes negatius. En particular, s'ha proposat un nou sistema de suavitzat de potència que regula simltaneament l'estat de càrrega del sistema d'emmagatzematge i filtra la potencia fluctuant. El nou esquema de suavitzat de potència, juntament amb les estrategies proposades per als sistemes d'emmagatzematge elèctric s'han validat experimentalment en un banc de laboratori, emprant superconsadors i una bateria d'alta potència, disponibles a les instal·lacions de l'IREC.
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24

Ghahderijani, Mohammad Moradi. "Dynamic modelling and control schemes for current-source resonant converters." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/481978.

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This thesis focuses on the control methods applied to current source resonant converters, especially in two different applications of switching power supplies and wire-less power transfer systems. In fact, the existing applications are mostly working with voltage source resonant converters. For voltage-source resonant converters, many control strategies have been analyzed and investigated, turning this into a mature technology nowadays. The current-source resonant converter is an alternative solution as they offer well-known advantages such as non-pulsating input current, low stress for switches, simple driving circuitry, and short circuit protection capabilities. However, there is an obvious lack of control methods applicable to current-source resonant converters. In addition, obtaining an appropriate dynamic model to be used in control design is the other challenging issue in this field. Hence, the objectives of this thesis are used to fill these gaps. The proposed control schemes are: - Frequency modulation control scheme applied to a DC/DC current-source parallel resonant converter. - Sliding mode control scheme with amplitude modulation applied to a DC/DC current-source parallel resonant converter. - A control scheme for a multiple-output DC/DC current-source parallel resonant converter. - A communication-less control scheme for a variable air-gap wireless energy transfer system using a current-source resonant converter.
Esta tesis doctoral está centrada en los métodos de control aplicados a los convertidores resonantes con fuente de corriente, especialmente en dos aplicaciones distintas como son fuentes de alimentación conmutadas y sistemas de transferencia de energía sin hilos. De hecho, las aplicaciones existentes trabajan principalmente con convertidores alimentados mediante fuentes de tensión. Para los convertidores resonantes con fuente de tensión, se han analizado muchas estrategias de control en la literatura, lo que hace hoy en día que esta sea una tecnología madura. El convertidor resonante con fuente de corriente es una solución alternativa, que ofrece ventajas conocidas como corriente de entrada no pulsante, baja tensión para interruptores, circuitos de conducción sencillos y capacidades de protección contra cortocircuitos. Sin embargo, existe una falta evidente de métodos de control aplicables a los convertidores resonantes con fuente de corriente. Además, otro desafío en este tema es la obtención de modelos dinámicos apropiados para el diseño del control. Por lo tanto, los objetivos de esta tesis se utilizan para llenar estos vacíos. Los esquemas de control propuestos son: - Esquema de control en frecuencia aplicado a un convertidor resonante paralelo con fuente de corriente para reguladores de tensión en continua - Esquema de control en modo de deslizamiento con modulación de amplitud aplicado a un convertidor resonante paralelo con fuente de corriente para reguladores de tensión en continua. - Esquema de control para un convertidor resonante paralelo con fuente de corriente para la regulación de tensión en continua de varias salidas. - Esquema de control sin comunicaciones para un sistema de transferencia de energía sin hilos con un transformador con entrehierro variable basado en un convertidor resonante con fuente de corriente.
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25

Buqueras, Carbonell Carles. "Model-based predictive control using Modelica and open source components." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Engineering Cybernetics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9120.

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This thesis is about Model Predictive Control (MPC) method for process control. It describes how this method could be implemented using some different open source software components, describing functionalities of each one and showing how the implementation has been done. Finally the code is tested to demonstrate effectiveness of this software in front of this kind of problems and to demonstrate MPC main characteristics. The main goals of this thesis are these last ones, code development and tests, so all mathematical and theoretical background are described but not as in detail as development and tests. Globally describing, MPC is a process control method where a previous knowledge of the plant is needed, so the controller have a model to simulate and predict the behavior of the system to calculate the best command signal. It has an optimization algorithm determining the optimal trajectory to bring system from initial state to desired state. Optimization is done by iterative simulation and solved online periodically at each sample time, initializing values at each time with measured feedback.

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26

Melvin, Michael Edward. "Design and evaluation of ion source for satellite charge control." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23620.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
This thesis describes the design of a new spacecraft charge control device that incorporates a solid ion source made of lithium or potassium salt impregnated into a porous tungsten plug. The ion source was configured with a reentrant thin-wall heat shield to reduce heat loss and an experimental thermocouple imbedded in the plug to accurately measure emission temperature. The initial design of the change control device included an extraction grid, deceleration grid, and an electron filament source. Experiments were conducted on the charge control device and results were used to modify the design of optimization of current out of the device versus power used. Incrementally testing and modifications resulted in the deceleration grid being removed and the extraction plate's wire mesh being removed to allow a clear path for the ions. With these changes the requirement of 10 microamps was achieved at 13 watts with the potassium ion source.
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27

Ryu, Chong Soo. "Satellite charge control with lithium ion source and electron emission." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/27660.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
A lithium ion source using thermal emission from a Beta-eucryptite structure has been investigated as a possible control device for spacecraft charging. This source can be used for control of positively charged spacecraft potentials in sunlight and differentially charged spacecraft surfaces in shadow. This thesis investigates the emission characteristics of lithium ion sources in conjunction with two kinds of electron sources and simulates spacecraft charge control. A 0.6-in. lithium ion source produced currents up to 33 micro Amps at a bias voltage of 100 V on the surface (strips) of the simulation body with extraction potentials of 200 V to the screen. Differential charging simulations produced currents up to 21 micro Amps on the rear strip of the simulation structure at a bias voltage of 250 V. A directly heated tungsten dispenser cathode and filament-type electron source were used to overcome space charge limiting effects. Space charge effects were studied with a 0.25-in. lithium ion source in conjunction with the tungsten dispenser cathode. The average increase in current was approximately 50%. Larger increases were found with the 0.6 in. lithium ion source, using the filament electron source. The greatest effects occurred for low extraction voltages (some what 20V). A typical increase was 400 % at 10 V. The vacuum chamber system and geometries for the simulation and investigation were very simple. However, the combined ion and electron sources could be used as a device for controlling a spacecraft potential in geosynchronous orbit.
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28

Ryu, Chong S. "Satellite charge control with lithium ion source and electron emission." Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA231956.

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Thesis (M.S. in Physics)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 1990.
Thesis Advisor: Olsen, Richard C. Second Reader: Heinz, Otto. "December 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 2, 2010. DTIC Identifier(s): Spacecraft charging, control systems, lithium beams, theses. Author(s) subject terms: Satellite charge control, lithium ion source, electron source. Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-93). Also available in print.
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29

Barnes, Lemuel Gregory. "Voltage-source inverter output waveform compensation using adaptive intelligent control /." This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10192006-115605/.

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30

Hoff, Margaret A. (Margaret Ann). "Control of agricultural nonpoint source pollution in Kranji Catchment, Singapore." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/82712.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2013.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 78-82).
Singapore's Kranji Reservoir is highly sensitive to nutrient and bacterial pollution, both of which can be directly traced to agricultural runoff. Water quality samples were collected along the main drainage channel in the Neo Tiew subcatchment, which drains to Kranji Reservoir, in an effort to determine the source and degree of agricultural nonpoint source pollution in the area. Grab samples collected from eight sampling locations along the reach of the drainage channel under wet- and dry-weather conditions were analyzed for nitrogen, phosphorus, and bacterial species, as well as total suspended solids. High nutrient and bacterial concentrations were observed at sampling locations in the upstream region of the subcatchment, with total nitrogen as high as 19.8 mg/L, total phosphorus as high as 2.12 mg/L, and a peak total coliform count over 1,000,000 MPN/100 mL. The peak concentration of most of the observed contaminants occurred directly downstream from an intensive row-cropping vegetable production operation. These observations indicate that this farming operation is a primary, though not sole, contributor to nonpoint source pollution in the area. A constructed free-water-surface treatment wetland was designed to treat runoff immediately downstream from the identified source. The designed wetland is projected to remove, depending on flow conditions, between 13 and 99% of influent total phosphorus, 51 to 99% of influent total nitrogen, greater than 99% of influent fecal coliform, and approximately 75% of influent total suspended solids. Agricultural management practices for mitigating runoff contamination are also recommended, including cyclic irrigation and crop rearrangement. It is evident that agricultural nonpoint source pollution is a significant water quality concern in the Neo Tiew subcatchment in particular and the Kranji catchment in general, but there are a number of promising and practical options to address this problem.
by Margaret A. Hoff.
M.Eng.
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31

Barnes, Lemuel Gregory III. "Voltage-source inverter output waveform compensation using adaptive intelligent control." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39997.

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A single-layer neural network-based voltage compensation technique which generates minimum-distortion sinusoidal output voltages from a three-phase PWM inverter used for uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) is described. The proposed compensation technique is implemented in a microprocessor-based controller constructed in the stationary d-q frame where the controller sampling rate is twice the inverter switching frequency. The structure of a feed-forward artificial neural network connects network inputs and outputs through multiple linear or nonlinear neuron models, and processes these input/output data associations in a parallel distributed manner. Network inputs in the form of UPS load voltage commands and load current feedback are propagated forward in the network each controller sampling period generating the inverter output voltage commands, the network outputs, which are converted to three phase inverter switching Signals using the space vector PWM waveform generation process.
Ph. D.
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32

Gannett, Robert Ashley. "Control Strategies for High Power Four-Leg Voltage Source Inverters." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34251.

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In recent decades there has been a rapidly growing demand for high quality, uninterrupted power. In light of this fact, this study has addressed some of the causes of poor power quality and control strategies to ensure a high performance level in inverter-fed power systems. In particular, specific loading conditions present interesting challenges to inverter-fed, high power systems. No-load, unbalanced loading, and non-linear loading each have unique characteristics that negatively influence the performance of the Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). Ideal, infinitely stiff power systems are uninfluenced by loading conditions; however, realistic systems, with finite output impedances, encounter stability issues, unbalanced phase voltage, and harmonic distortion. Each of the loading conditions is presented in detail with a proposed control strategy in order to ensure superior inverter performance. Simulation results are presented for a 90 kVA, 400 Hz VSI under challenging loading conditions to demonstrate the merits of the proposed control strategies. Unloaded or lightly loaded conditions can cause instabilities in inverter-fed power systems, because of the lightly damped characteristic of the output filter. An inner current loop is demonstrated to damp the filter poles at light load and therefore enable an increase in the control bandwidth by an order of magnitude. Unbalanced loading causes unequal phase currents, and consequently negative sequence and zero sequence (in four-wire systems) distortion. A proposed control strategy based on synchronous and stationary frame controllers is shown to reduce the phase voltage unbalance from 4.2% to 0.23% for a 100%-100%-85% load imbalance over fundamental positive sequence control alone. Non-linear loads draw harmonic currents, and likewise cause harmonic distortion in power systems. A proposed harmonic control scheme is demonstrated to achieve near steady state errors for the low order harmonics due to non-linear loads. In particular, the THD is reduced from 22.3% to 5.2% for full three-phase diode rectifier loading, and from 11.3% to 1.5% for full balanced single-phase diode rectifier loading, over fundamental control alone.
Master of Science
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33

Ong, Leh Kui. "Source reliant error control for low bit rate speech communications." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1994. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843456/.

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Contemporary and future speech telecommunication systems now utilise low bit rate (LBR) speech coding techniques in efforts to eliminate bandwidth expansion as a disadvantage of digital coding and transmission. These speech coders employ model-based approaches in compressing human speech into a number of parameters, using a well-known process known as linear predictive coding (LPC). However, a major side-effect observed in these coders is that errors in the model parameters have noticeable and undesirable consequences on the synthesised speech quality, and unless they are protected from such corruptions, the level of service quality will deteriorate rapidly. Traditionally, forward error correction (FEC) coding is used to remove these errors, but these require substantial redundancy. Therefore, a different perspective of the error control problems and solutions is necessary. In this thesis, emphasis is constantly placed on exploiting the constraints and residual redundancies present in the model parameters. It is also shown that with such source criteria in the LBR speech coders, varying degrees of error protection from channel corruptions are feasible. From these observations, error control requirements and methodologies, using both block- and parameter-orientated aspects, are analysed, devised and implemented. It is evident, that under the unusual circumstances which LBR speech coders have to operate in, the importance and significance of source reliant error control will continue to attract research and commercial interests. The work detailed in this thesis is focused on two LPC-based speech coders. One of the ideas developed for these two coders is an advanced zero redundancy scheme for the LPC parameters which is designed to operate at high channel error rates. Another concept proposed here is the use of source criteria to enhance the decoding capabilities of FEC codes to exceed that of maximum likelihood decoding performance. Lastly, for practical operation of LBR speech coders, lost frame recovery strategies are viewed to be an indispensable part of error control. This topic is scrutinised in this thesis by investigating the behaviour of a specific speech coder under irrecoverable error conditions. In all of the ideas pursued above, the effectiveness of the algorithms formulated here are quantified using both objective and subjective tests. Consequently, the capabilities of the techniques devised in this thesis can be demonstrated, examples of which are: (1) higher speech quality produced under noisy channels, using an improved zero-redundancy algorithm for the LPC filter coefficients; (2) as much as 50% improvement in the residual BER and decoding failures of FEC schemes, through the utilisation of source criteria in LBR speech coders; and (3) acceptable speech quality produced under high frame loss rates (14%), after formulating effective strategies for recovery of speech coder parameters. It is hoped that the material described here provide concepts which can help achieve the ideals of maximum efficiency and quality in LBR speech telecommunications.
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34

Ahmed, Faisal Mahmood. "Estimated Droop Control for Parallel Connected Voltage Source Inverters : Stability Enhancement." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för fysik och elektroteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-30794.

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Renewable Energy Sources (RES) are considered as the replacement of conventionalenergy sources. These RES can use wind energy, solar light, bio waste and can alsobe in the form of small hydro power units. These RES has very poor power qualityand contains voltage uctuations and variable frequency. These factors make RES astability risk for the main utility grid. As a solution, currently inverters with dierentdesign techniques are being used as an interface between RES and main utility grid. Thecurrent study proposed a new technique "estimated droop control" for inverter design.The conventional droop control technique which was already used in inverter design, hasdiculty in synchronizing parallel connected inverters with dierent droop gains and lineimpedances. The proposed "estimated droop control" does not use any predened droopvalues for inverters and all inverters are responsible for the estimation of their own droopvalues with respect to their output power. Therefore, inverters are not bound to usesame and static droop values which are considered as a vital communication link. Theproposed design methodology has made inverters independent from this only virtual linkof communication due to which the reliability of a system has increased. The proposeddesign technique has given very good results in a simulation run. When the Simulinkmodel was run in parallel connected inverter with dierent line impedances, it was asuccess as both inverters started operating with same droop values as they were sharingan equal load. The most important test was with dierent line impedances because inconventional droop control it is dicult for inverters to keep their synchronism withdierent line impedances and an unequal load sharing make inverters to deviate fromtheir nominal values and to generate dierent tracking signals for each set. This problemhas been successfully solved with estimated droop control as in this method each inverterset its droop gains according to its output power, which helps an inverter to operate atnominal values with dierent droop gains and line impedance.
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35

Orellana, Barceló Marcos. "Advanced digital resonant control techniques for grid-connected voltage source converters." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/665552.

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It is a fact that the presence of power distributed generation sources in the electrical sector is growing exponentially worldwide. This can mainly be explained by the increase of renewable energy production, which involves principally grid-connected single- and three-phase Voltage Source Converters (VSCs). Regarding the regulations for medium and high power inverters, it is not enough to generate currents with low harmonic content and a unity-power-factor operation: grid-connected VSCs also have to work properly when the electrical grid presents non-ideal characteristics such as frequency variations, sags, swells or a high impedances, among other disturbances. In line with the above and to improve the grid currents quality, LCL filters are widely used at the input of VSCs for their attenuation capabilities at high frequencies. However, they present a big resonance that may produce robustness issues. In order to study this problem and to stablish a basis for the controllers design, the grid-connected VSC mathematical models have been obtained, analysed and discretised, including passive and active LCL resonance damping techniques. Adaptive Feedforward Cancellation (AFC) is the control technique addressed in this research work, leading to robust designs which are able to face all the grid disturbances aforementioned. AFC controllers, formed by resonators, have been considered in continuous- and discrete-time forms, and presenting infinite and finite gain, along with an anti-windup system for limitation purposes. The development of an AFC control design method (directly in discrete time), and the use of automatic code generation tools, have allowed a fast implementation of the resonant controllers into a Digital Signal Processor (DSP). The experimental results obtained from the VSC prototypes (also developed during this thesis), prove the robustness of this control technique.
Es un hecho que la presencia de fuentes de generación de energía distribuida en el sector eléctrico está creciendo exponencialmente a nivel mundial. Esto se debe esencialmente al incremento de la producción de energías renovables, que están estrechamente relacionadas con convertidores estáticos de potencia monofásicos y trifásicos (VSC) conectados a la red eléctrica. Con respecto a la normativa en el ámbito de los inversores de media y alta potencia, ya no es solamente necesario que éstos generen unas corrientes con un bajo contenido en armónicos y un factor de potencia unitario: el funcionamiento de dichos equipos debe ser correcto frente a situaciones no ideales de la red como variaciones de frecuencia, huecos de tensión o redes débiles, entre otros. En consonancia con lo anterior y para mejorar la calidad de las corrientes de red, los filtros LCL son ampliamente utilizados a la entrada de los VSC por su gran atenuación a altas frecuencias. Sin embargo, la gran resonancia que presentan puede generar problemas de robustez. Para estudiar este fenómeno y crear una base para el diseño de los controladores, se han obtenido, analizado y discretizado los modelos matemáticos de los VSC conectados a la red, incluyendo técnicas de amortiguación pasivas y activas para el filtro LCL. La técnica de control abordada en este trabajo de investigación se denomina Adaptive Feedforward Cancellation (AFC), con la que se han conseguido diseños robustos y capaces de hacer frente a las perturbaciones en la red detalladas anteriormente. Los controladores AFC, formados por resonadores, han sido considerados en tiempo continuo y discreto, y con ganancias infinita y finita, junto con un sistema de limitación anti-windup. El desarrollo de un método de diseño de control AFC (directamente en tiempo discreto) y el uso de herramientas de generación automática de código, han permitido una rápida implementación de los controladores resonantes en un procesador digital de señales (DSP). Los resultados experimentales obtenidos con los prototipos de convertidores monofásico y trifásico (también desarrollados durante esta tesis), confirman la robustez de esta técnica de control.
C’est un fait que la présence de sources de génération d’énergie distribuée dans le secteur électrique est en train de croître exponentiallement à niveau mondiale. Ceci est principalement à cause de l’augmentation de la production d’énergies renouvelables, qui est étroitement liée à des convertisseurs statiques de puissance monophasés et triphasés (VSC) connectés au réseau électrique. Par rapport aux régulations dans le domaine des onduleurs de moyenne et forte puissance, il n’est pas seulement nécessaire qu’ils génèrent des courants à bas contenu harmonique avec un facteur de puissance unitaire: le fonctionnement de ces systèmes doit être correct face à des situations non idéales du réseau comme variations de fréquence, creux de tension ou réseaux faibles, parmi d’autres. Dans cet esprit et pour améliorer la qualité des courants du réseau, les filtres LCL sont vastement utilisés à l’entrée des VSC pour leur capacité d’atténuation aux hautes fréquences. Néanmoins, la grande résonance qu’ils présentent peut générer des problèmes de robustesse. Pour l’étude de ce phénomène et créer une base pour la conception des contrôlleurs, les modèles mathématiques des VSC ont été obtenus, analysés et discretisés, y compris techniques d’amortissement passives et actives pour le filtre LCL. La technique de commande abordée dans ce travail de recherche s’appelle Adaptive Feedforward Cancellation (AFC), avec laquel il a été possible d’obtenir des contrôlleurs robustes et capables de faire face aux perturbations du réseau nommées précédemment. Les contrôlleurs AFC, constitués de résonateurs, ont été considerés en temps continu et discret, et avec des gains infinis et finis, ainsi qu’un système de limitation anti-windup. Le développement d’une méthode de conception de commande AFC (directement en temps discret) et l’utilisation d’outils de génération de code automatique, ont permis une implementation rapide des contrôlleurs résonantes dans un processeur de signal numérique (DSP). Les résultats expérimentaux obtenus avec les prototypes des convertisseurs monophasé et triphasé (aussi développés pendant cette thèse), réalerment la robustesse de cette technique de commande.
És un fet que la presència de fonts de generació d’energia distribuïda al sector elèctric està creixent exponencialment a nivell mundial. Això es deu principalment a l’increment de la producció d’energies renovables, directament vinculades a convertidors estàtics de potència monofàsics i trifàsics (VSC) connectats a la xarxa elèctrica. Pel que fa a la normativa en l’àmbit dels inversors de mitjanes i altes potències, ja no és solament necessari que els convertidors generin corrents amb baix contingut harmònic amb un factor de potència unitari, sinó que el funcionament d’aquests equips deu ser correcte enfront de situacions no ideals de la xarxa com ara variacions de freqüència, forats de tensió o xarxes febles, entre altres. D’acord amb l’anterior, i per millorar la qualitat dels corrents de xarxa, els filtres LCL són àmpliament utilitzats a l’entrada dels VSC per la seva capacitat d’atenuació a altes freqüències. No obstant això, la gran ressonància que presenten pot generar problemes de robustesa. Per estudiar aquest fenomen i crear una base per al disseny dels controladors, s’han obtingut, analitzat i discretitzat els models matemàtics dels VSC connectats a la xarxa, incloent tècniques d’esmorteïment passives i actives per al filtre LCL. La tècnica de control abordada en aquest treball de recerca es denomina Adaptive Feedforward Cancellation (AFC), amb la qual s’han aconseguit dissenys robustos i capaços de fer front a les pertorbacions de la xarxa detallades anteriorment. Els controladors AFC, formats per ressonadors, han sigut considerats en temps continu i discret, i amb ganàncies infinita i finita, juntament amb un sistema de limitació anti-windup. El desenvolupament d’un mètode de disseny de control AFC (directament en temps discret) i l’ús d’eines de generació automàtica de codi, han permès una ràpida implementació dels controladors ressonants en un processador digital de senyals (DSP). Els resultats experimentals obtinguts amb els prototips de convertidors monofàsic i trifàsic (també desenvolupats durant aquesta tesi), confirmen la robustesa d’aquesta tècnica de control
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36

Koo, Bhon Kyoung. "Agricultural non-point source nitrate pollution control by land use optimisation." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268366.

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37

Lamont, Lisa Ann. "Modelling and control of a VSC (voltage source converter) tranmission system." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414074.

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38

Isik, Haci Bayram. "Performance-based voluntary group contracts for nonpoint source water pollution control." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1076970341.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 129 p.; also includes graphics. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: D. Lynn Forster, Dept. of Agricultural, Environmental, and Development Economics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 124-129).
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Guerra, Simone M. Eng Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "A template modeling for an assembly control : the source chamber alignment." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42317.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2007.
"September 2007."
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-106).
Managers and engineers are trying to lead Varian Semiconductor Equipment to a flow line shipment program, the intent being to eliminate the clean room area and ship all of the components of the ion implanter directly from the flow line to the customer, without the currently necessary step of a final assembly prior to shipment. The purpose of the thesis is to identify a solution for one of the several mechanical concerns that the company is facing to achieve its goal; in particular this work examines the correct alignment of the source chamber inside the terminal module. In the flow line shipment context, the correct alignment of subassembly components becomes a critical aspect and needs to be checked before a shipment, since assembly errors or out of specification components from suppliers may lead to long delays and reworks. This last aspect cannot be ignored, since if adjustments and modifications can easily be accomplished in the flow line without conspicuous waste of time, the same cannot be said in the field, thousands miles away from the factory. Specifically, the contribution of the project is to achieve the right orientation of the source chamber in relation to the position of the feet of the terminal module, by designing a mechanical fixture. The tool has been conceived to be used directly in the terminal module flow line, in order to allow technicians to quickly perform a correct alignment and easily point out any possible misalignment due to bad components or assembly errors. The main components of the fixture will be the jig that checks the position of the insulators and a laser bracket in which two lasers will shoot a target to align the source chamber.
by Simone Guerra.
M.Eng.
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40

Zhao, Xiaodong. "Advanced control of voltage source converter based multi-terminal HVDC systems." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.676499.

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This thesis focuses on the advanced control methods for multi-terminal High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) systems integrating offshore wind farms. Several key issues are investigated in this thesis, including controller design to improve the system dynamic performance, power loss reduction with controller optimization, system stability and dynamics assessment. A DC voltage backstepping control method is designed considering the cable dynamics and controller delay effects. DC cable and converter current loop dynamics are included in the voltage controller design. This control method is applied to a point-to-point and a 4-terminal HVDC system with a conjunction point. Simulation results show that the controller performance can be improved in terms of the disturbance rejection., The relation between Voltage Source Converter (VSC) control action and power losses in the multi-terminal HVDC systems is investigated. For a 4-terminal system, it is shown that the transmission loss can be reduced by properly setting the droop gain ratio between different terminals. For each converter, it is demonstrated by simulation that through a proper controller design, the power loss can be significantly reduced while controller performance can be maintained. A new droop setting design method is proposed. It is shown that due to the existence of droop control, DC voltage deviation will affect the power flow accuracy when the steady state is changed. The impact of DC voltage deviation on the power flow accuracy is studied to tackle this problem, and the DC voltage deviation can be kept unchanged, without affecting the steady state power flow. A droop gain selection procedure is proposed to satisfy the system stability requirement. A state feedback enhanced droop controller is proposed to improve the dynamic performance and stability requirement. With the proposed method, it is shown that the system stability can be guaranteed under both small and large droop gains.
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Rücker, Jan. "Řízení a monitorování statické zdrojovny přes Ethernet." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217886.

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This project deals with design and implementation of management and monitoring of static power source via ethernet. Description of individual objects and instalations which are located in static power source. Design and implementation of a system for access control of individual users.
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Bao, Lei. "Control over Low-Rate Noisy Channels." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Kommunikationsteori, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-10641.

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Networked embedded control systems are present almost everywhere. A recent trendis to introduce radio communication in these systems to increase mobility and flex-ibility. Network nodes, such as the sensors, are often simple devices with limitedcomputing and transmission power and low storage capacity, so an important prob-lem concerns how to optimize the use of resources to provide sustained overall sys-tem performance. The approach to this problem taken in the thesis is to analyzeand design the communication and control application layers in an integrated man-ner. We focus in particular on cross-layer design techniques for closed-loop controlover non-ideal communication channels, motivated by future control systems withvery low-rate and highly quantized sensor communication over noisy links. Severalfundamental problems in the design of source–channel coding and optimal controlfor these systems are discussed.The thesis consists of three parts. The first and main part is devoted to the jointdesign of the coding and control for linear plants, whose state feedback is trans-mitted over a finite-rate noisy channel. The system performance is measured by afinite-horizon linear quadratic cost. We discuss equivalence and separation proper-ties of the system, and conclude that although certainty equivalence does not holdin general it can still be utilized, under certain conditions, to simplify the overalldesign by separating the estimation and the control problems. An iterative opti-mization algorithm for training the encoder–controller pairs, taking channel errorsinto account in the quantizer design, is proposed. Monte Carlo simulations demon-strate promising improvements in performance compared to traditional approaches.In the second part of the thesis, we study the rate allocation problem for statefeedback control of a linear plant over a noisy channel. Optimizing a time-varyingcommunication rate, subject to a maximum average-rate constraint, can be viewedas a method to overcome the limited bandwidth and energy resources and to achievebetter overall performance. The basic idea is to allow the sensor and the controllerto communicate with a higher data rate when it is required. One general obstacle ofoptimal rate allocation is that it often leads to a non-convex and non-linear problem.We deal with this challenge by using high-rate theory and Lagrange duality. It isshown that the proposed method gives a good performance compared to some otherrate allocation schemes.In the third part, encoder–controller design for Gaussian channels is addressed.Optimizing for the Gaussian channel increases the controller complexity substan-tially because the channel output alphabet is now infinite. We show that an efficientcontroller can be implemented using Hadamard techniques. Thereafter, we proposea practical controller that makes use of both soft and hard channel outputs.
QC 20100623
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Lopez, Christian W. "UAV Formation Flight Utilizing a Low Cost, Open Source Configuration." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2013. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1089.

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The control of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in a swarm or cooperative team scenario has been a topic of great interest for well over a decade, growing steadily with the advancements in UAV technologies. In the academic community, a majority of the studies conducted rely on simulation to test developed control strategies, with only a few institutions known to have nurtured the infrastructure required to propel multiple UAV control studies beyond simulation and into experimental testing. With the Cal Poly UAV FLOC Project, such an infrastructure was created, paving the way for future experimentation with multiple UAV control systems. The control system architecture presented was built on concepts developed in previous work by Cal Poly faculty and graduate students. An outer-loop formation flight controller based on a virtual waypoint implementation of potential function guidance was developed for use on an embedded microcontroller. A commercially-available autopilot system, designed for fully autonomous waypoint navigation utilizing low cost hardware and open source software, was modified to include the formation flight controller and an inter-UAV communication network. A hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation was set up for multiple UAV testing and was utilized to verify the functionality of the modified autopilot system. HIL simulation results demonstrated leader-follower formation convergence to 15 meters as well as formation flight with three UAVs. Several sets of flight tests were conducted, demonstrating a successful leader-follower formation, but with relative distance convergence only reaching a steady state value of approximately 35 +/- 5 meters away from the leader.
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44

Lu, Weixing 1966. "Control and application of multi-terminal HVDC based on voltage-source converter." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82921.

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A Multi-Terminal Direct Current (MTDC) system consists of several Voltage-Source Converters (VSCs) whose dc terminals are connected in shunt across the buses of a dc network. The dc voltages are determined by the electric charges stored across the dc capacitor of every Voltage-Source Converter (VSC). As dc over-voltage leads to failure in the solid-state switches and dc under-voltage leads to waveform distortion, the target of safe, economic design is a narrow voltage margin of about 5% around a nominal dc voltage rating. The worst case scenario consists of an accidental loss of a Voltage-Source Converter because the sudden large change in dc power causes the dc capacitors to charge up or down, exceeding the voltage margin before power balance can be re-established by local feedbacks of the Voltage-Source Converters (VSCs).
Part I of the thesis shows how the target can be achieved by: (1) planning the dc voltage reference setting and the power reference settings of the Voltage-Source Converters (VSCs) which satisfy the voltage margins in steady-state for both the pre-fault and post-fault conditions; (2) incorporating an Advanced DC Voltage Control (ADCVC) which enables the dc voltage margins to be satisfied during the transient periods.
Part II of the thesis is concerned with finding innovative applications for Multi-Terminal Direct Current (MTDC) systems. It shows that the high degree of controllability of the Multi-Terminal Direct Current (MTDC) system can be exploited in: (1) optimal acquistion of wind power in offshore wind-farms; (2) providing premium quality power in underground cable in-feeds of city centers; (3) providing simultaneous inter-area decoupling and local area damping in interconnections.
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45

Yiridoe, Emmanuel Kobina. "Bio-economics of agricultural nonpoint source pollution control, nitrates in southwestern Ontario." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq24433.pdf.

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46

Espinoza, José R. "High performance on-line control of three-phase PWM current-source converters." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25928.pdf.

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47

Teeters, Bradley W. "Variable frequency control of voltage source inverters using harmonic distortion minimization scheme." Ohio : Ohio University, 1999. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1175285333.

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48

Kotzambasis, Zoey Lynn. "Effects of Information Source on Public Opinion: Gun Control & Affirmative Action." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/579256.

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Public opinion and the various aspects that can influence opinion and therefore political behavior are invaluable resources in the American political system. The ways in which individuals perceive, process, and understand information is vital to how voters behave on Election Day, which is why understanding how individual opinion, and subsequently public opinion can be affected by information sources is essential. Understanding how to influence the perceived credibility of a particular source of information is a powerful tool in influencing public opinion and the democratic process. In order to gain a thorough understanding of some of the ways in which information sources can influence public opinion, a survey experiment was conducted in the Spring of 2015 at the University of Arizona to examine the effect of an author's demographic characteristics on his or her perceived credibility, and therefore, public opinion with regard to gun control and affirmative action.
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49

Xu, Ling. "Modeling, Analysis and Control of Voltage-Source Converter in Microgrids and HVDC." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4967.

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The objective of this dissertation is to carry out dynamic modeling, analysis and control for Voltage-Source Converters (VSC). Two major applications of VSC will be investigated in this dissertation: microgrid application and High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) application. In microgrid applications, VSC is used to integrate distributed energy sources such as battery and provide system functions: such as real and reactive power regulation, voltage and frequency support during islanding condition, and abnormal system condition mitigation. In HVDC applications, VSC is used to interconnect dc systems with ac systems. The functions supplied by VSC are similar to that in microgrids. However, the transfer capability and stability in such kind of system are of major interests. Therefore, Part I of this dissertation focuses on VSC's applications in microgrids. A battery's inverter can be operated in both grid-connected PQ regulation mode and voltage and frequency support mode during islanding condition. Transition scheme between these two control modes is firstly investigated to guarantee a smooth dynamic performance. Secondly, a coordinated control strategy between battery's and PV station's VSCs is developed to improve microgrid's power flow. Thirdly, power quality improvement through the battery's inverter is investigated. VSC's control and capability for microgrid operation at normal, transient, and abnormal conditions will be modeled and analyzed. Part II of this dissertation focuses on VSC's applications in HVDC. The following topics are investigated in this dissertation: (i) how to design VSC-HVDC's controller using system identification method? (ii) How to coordinate VSCs in multi-terminal HVDC scenarios? And (iii) how to determine VSC-HVDC system's transfer capability based on stability limits? High-fidelity simulation technology is employed to tackle control validation while frequency domain impedance modeling technique is employed to develop analytical models for the systems. With linear system analysis tools such as Nyquist plots and Bode plots, stability limits and impacting factors of VSC-HVDC systems can be identified. This dissertation led to four journal papers (two accepted, one request of revision, one to submit) and five conference papers. The major contributions of this dissertation include: 1) Developed VSC and microgrid models in high-fidelity simulation environment. Developed and validated VSC control schemes for variety of microgrid operations: normal, abnormal, and transient. The developed technologies can facilitate a battery to make up solar power, improve system dynamic performance during transients, and improve power quality. 2) Developed VSC-HVDC simulation models, including two-terminal HVDC and multi-terminal HVDC. Developed VSC-HVDC control schemes for two-terminal and multi-terminal systems. Developed analytical impedance models for VSC-HVDC systems and successfully carried out stability limit identification.
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50

Key, Justin. "Real-Time Open Source Traffic Control Software for the Advance Traffic Controller." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5377.

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Under the initiative of Department of Transportation (DOT) a safety-critical, dual redundant, open source traffic signal control application is currently being developed. The system named SCOPE, for Signal Control Program Environment, currently implements standard 8-phase NEMA logic and the National Cooperative Highway Research Program 3-66 preemption logic. SCOPE is designed to be part of the Advanced Traffic Controller (ATC), making use of API standard 2.06b to integrate with the hardware. Safety-critical status is achieved through redundancy of application logic that constantly compares expected signal phase information. From baseline requirements, engineers independently program application code, one using Ada95 and the other using C++. The Traffic EXperimental Analytical Simulation Model, a microscopic single-intersection vehicular simulation, was used for initial validation and testing of the functionality of the system. The second demonstration of the SCOPE, used actuated detector data collected from a recording of a live intersection. Actuator calls were placed on SCOPE at the same times the vehicles triggered the detectors in the video (assuming the vehicles were not in-queue). Using SCOPE the real-world traffic was not only right-of-way safely yielded, but the traffic flow state time average time in-queue reduced. The final phase of testing will occur when the DOT performs Formal Qualification Testing, which is scheduled for 2013. Upon validation and subsequent release to the open source community SCOPE will provide users the ability to replace the proprietary application software residing in ATC cabinets. Transparency will be provided into another aspect of the traffic control signal thus taking the initiative of ATC one step further.
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
Engineering and Computer Science
Modeling and Simulation; Engineering
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