Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Contrôle cinétique ou thermodynamique'
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Zrelli, Kais. "Modulation de température en système réactif : application à la titration sélective sous contrôle cinétique et à la détermination de mécanismes réactionnels." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066650.
Full textWe developed a powerful analytical protocol to detect and quantify a given reactive target in a mixture. The selectivity of the species identification relies on the dynamics of interaction between the target and a probe, revealed by thermal modulation. The chemical system that we chose in our work is a pair of complementary oligonucleotides whose temporal response to thermal modulation was followed by epifluorescence microscopy. Temperature modulation which was generated by Joule effect in a microfluidic device led to provide the rate constants involved in the hybridization reaction. The quadrature delayed signal originating from a model reactive mixture submitted to a periodic thermal excitation was subsequently used to titrate a targetted strand of DNA in a mixture of oligonucleotides with a good accurancy. This method is reliable to detect single nucleotide polymorphism. We aditionally introduce a protocol for analysing reactions mechanisms also based on temperature modulation. We were able to determine the mechanisms of hybridization and extract the kinetics and thermodynamic constants
Gaillard, Fabrice. "Contrôles thermodynamiques et cinétiques des états d'oxydation du fer dans les liquides silicatés magmatiques : Expérimentation, Modélisation, Applications et simulations." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002091.
Full text1- Modélisation des équilibres redox dans les liquides silicatés :
Ø Analyse de la base de données bibliographique
Ø Etude expérimentale et extension de la base de données vers des systèmes hydratés et oxydés
Ø Modélisation des propriétés thermodynamiques du fer ferreux et ferrique
En retombés pratiques, le modèle thermodynamique que nous proposons peut être utilisé directement à partir d'assemblages naturels verre-magnétite comme géothermomètre ou géobaromètre à oxygène. Aussi, les équilibres Fe3+/Fe2+ peuvent être calculés pour une large gamme de compositions et de conditions. Des applications mettant en évidence la précision de la méthode sont exposées.
2- Cinétiques d'oxydation-reduction du fer dans les liquides silicatés hydratés :
Ø Etudes expérimentales
Ø Modélisation
Différents mécanismes redox sont mis en évidence. Il en ressort que la mobilité d'espèces volatiles telles que H2 ne semble pas un facteur exerçant un contrôle significatif sur l'évolution redox d'un magma transitant dans la croûte. Des équilibres redox internes tels que les équilibres magnétite-liquide semblent être les facteurs prédominants. En revanche, en régime de percolation d'un basalte hydraté dans une péridotite, des échanges redox d'H2 conduisent à une oxydation significative du magma pouvant expliquer le caractère oxydé des laves d'arc.
Rossi-Gendron, Caroline. "Dynamic DNA origamis as isothermal supramolecular machines : melting dynamics, photocontrol and isothermal folding." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS522.
Full textDNA origamis and Single Stranded Tiles (SST) appear to be two of the most promising components of the DNA nanotechnology field in terms of possible designs and applications. In this thesis, we explored the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects underlying DNA nanostructures formation as well as new practical ways to build dynamic programmable nano-objects. Notably, the study of the formation process evidenced the unnecessary presence of magnesium ions or buffering molecules in the medium, and new formation conditions have been described. The melting process triggered by temperature elevation was characterised using a new quantified gel electrophoresis method evidencing for the first time a non-monotonous behaviour and calling for a new definition of DNA origami melting temperature. Both formation and melting process were furthermore demonstrated to be controllable by light using AzoDiGua, a photosensitive DNA intercalator previously developed by our group. This allowed us to observe for the first time a light-controlled hybridisation / dehybridisation process within individual origamis at constant temperature and thus achieve a controlled motion at the nanoscale. We also established an original method for the isothermal formation of DNA origamis and SST at constant room temperature and without the presence of any denaturating agent. This allowed us to observe for the first time and in situ the isothermal folding of individual origamis, thus evidencing that origamis can reach their final equilibrium shape following a variety of folding pathways
Reynier, Yvan. "Thermodynamique et cinétique d'électrodes pour batteries lithium-ion." Grenoble INPG, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005INPG0039.
Full textStructural changes in lithium ion battery electrodes are a central issue to understand their electrochemical behavior. In this study a new system using the open circuit voltage evolution as a function of temperature was developed to measure the thermodynamics of lithium intercalation. X-ray diffractometry was also used to correlate the thermodynamic profiles to the structure. Clear results also showed that liquid like stage 2 appears at LiC24. The effect of the graphitization degree on lithium intercalation was also considered and clarified. The hexagonal phase in LixCoO2 was found to extend up to x~0. 83 instead of 0. 75 as previously thought. A detailed survey of the possible sources of entropy was carried out for this compound. The effect of over stoichiometry in LiMn2O4 was also studied. The open circuit voltage method can give valuable information on the structural evolution of electrode materials and is easy to setup, making it an interesting mean of structural characterization
Haddou, Marie. "Complexes de polyélectrolytes : Morphologies, cinétique et thermodynamique d'assemblage." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0031.
Full textComplexes of polyelectrolytes (PECs) are oppositely charged polymers assemblies held together by electrostatic interaction. As the non-covalent assembly of macromolecules/colloids in solution has been thoroughly investigated over the last decade with a particular emphasis put on the morphology of the final aggregates as a function of the building blocks-chemistry, the objective of this thesis is to come to a better understanding of the influence of interaction strength between polyelectrolytes on complexes morphologies, as well as kinetics and thermodynamics of the complexation. For this study, weakly and strongly interacting systems given rise to coacervate and precipitate phases has been elected. Those systems have been studied on a wide charge ratio scale (Z[+]/[-]) to span several physical states of the PECs (soluble and colloidal PECs, dense phases). Morphologies of assemblies are assessed by microscopy (optical, fluorescence, atomic force) and scattering techniques (neutron, light). Kinetics and thermodynamics of the complexation process are studied by use of a stopped-flow mixing device and an isothermal titration calorimeter. Results gave us keys to discriminate strongly interacting systems from weakly interacting ones. In particular, the ‘strong systems’ are showed to be non-equilibrium assemblies, ie. the formulation pathway or the way these different macromolecules are coming into contact is then a key step. Another important aspect that could explain the complexation process behavior is the hydration energy of the polyelectrolytes. Calorimetry measurements have been performed for numerous polyelectrolytes and then correlated to complexes properties
Delcourt, Olivier. "Effet de taille et bistabilité thermodynamique dans le cyanoadamantane." Lille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL10086.
Full textGiudici-Orticoni, Marie-Thérèse. "Approche thermodynamique de la coopérativité cinétique des enzymes oligomériques." Aix-Marseille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX22025.
Full textGarnier, Thomas. "Transfert d'échelle dans la modélisation thermodynamique et cinétique des alliages." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00784326.
Full textAlberti, Patrizia. "Étude thermodynamique et cinétique de triplexes et de quadruplexes d'ADN." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MNHN0008.
Full textWe have studied the dynamics of DNA three- and four-stranded structures. A kinetic study by surface plasmon resonance led us to the elucidation of a directional mechanism for triple-helix formation, probably due to the right-handedness of the target duplex. The DNA structural polymorphism also allows the realisation of systems capable of performing movements. We have realised a DNA system accomplishing an extension-contraction movement based on the interconversion between a double-helix and a G-quadruplex. The equilibrium between different DNA possible conformations may be modulated by small molecules specifically recognising a given DNA structure. In particular, the stabilisation of G-quadruplexes at telomeres represents a potential therapeutic approach to inhibit telomerase, an enzyme active in most of cancer cells. In order to identify G-quadruplexes specific ligands, we have explored the structural selectivity of different DNA binding molecules by a competition dialysis assay
Hodaj, Fiqiri. "Thermodynamique et cinétique des échanges métal-laitier en métallurgie d'élaboration." Grenoble INPG, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPG0081.
Full textAboudalle, Adib. "Polymérisation anionique de l'isopropenyl-2 pyridine : Cinétique et thermodynamique de la polymérisation." Paris 13, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA132016.
Full textMuller, Chantal. "Logiciels de calcul de grandeurs thermochimiques de molécules et de radicaux libres en phase gazeuse." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10309.
Full textSeris, Agnès. "Etude cinétique et thermodynamique des mélanges constitues de bismaleimides et de polysiloxanes." Lyon, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAL0078.
Full text[We studied the chain-polymerization of bisrnaleimides and the competition between polymerization and phase separation kinetics. The study of a model compound: N-phenyl maleimide allowed us to understand the chain polymerization with anionic initiators. We synthesized new bismaleimides showing different reactivities towards the radical polymerization. The conversion degree at the gel point is higher as the one predicted by the theory of Flory-Stockmayer. The introduction of imidazole increased the initiation rate and the conversion degree. The diagram TTT was determined for a single system. The modification of polymethylphenylsiloxane allowed us to obtain an initial miscible blend which separates during the polymerization. Phase separation was not observed when a radical polymerization proceeded because a co-polymerization between bismaleimide and polysiloxane occurred. In presence of imidazole, phase separation occurred before gelation and for conversion degrees and viscosities increasing with temperature of phase demixtion. ]
Lejoyeux, Pierre. "Interaction d'une série alkyloxazolopyridocarbazole avec des liposomes : étude thermodynamique et cinétique." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P009.
Full textSicsic, David. "Modélisation thermodynamique et cinétique de la réduction de l'acide nitrique concentré." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066645.
Full textMarchat, David. "Fixation du cadmium par une hydroxyapatite phosphocalcique : étude cinétique et thermodynamique." Limoges, 2005. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/3a196289-6919-42b0-ab52-159a1f248c8c/blobholder:0/2005LIMO0062.pdf.
Full textUse of synthetic apatites could be a way of eliminating cadmium from waste industrial aqueous solution and water. Apatites could be also used as host matrix for the storage of this toxic element. The implementation of this stabilization process depends on the nature of the interactions between the Cd2+ cations and the apatite crystals. Within this framework, the fixation mechanism of cadmium by a calcium phosphate hydroxyapatite Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 in aqueous solution was determined. At first, the calcium phosphate hydroxyapatite was synthesized. Then, the Cd2+ immobilization was performed by "batch " experiments. The mechanism was determined from a chemical analysis of the loaded powders and the supernatant. The isothermal data obtained after two weeks are well fitted by the simple Langmuir adsorption isotherm whatever the experimental parameters may be. The amount of immobilized cadmium is proportional to the powders surface area, and can reach 7. 1 mol per mol of apatite. The main immobilization reaction is made of two successive steps. The first one is a fast ionic exchange between Cd2+ cations of the bulk solution and Cd2+ cations adsorbed on specific sites at the apatite surface. The second, slower than the previous one, is the heterogeneous precipitation of a cadmium-containing hydroxyapatite. This reaction is initiated by the Cd2+ cations adsorbed on the surface of the particles. They become the germination sites of the calcium-cadmium hydroxyapatite crystals. The growth of this epitaxial layer is carried out via a local redistribution of the matter at the grains surface, and/or via an Ostwald ripening within the bulk solution. The loaded powder is made of a pure calcium hydroxyapatite Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 core, surrounded by a shell of cadmium-containing hydroxyapatite Ca10-xCdx(PO4)6(OH)2 (4≤x≤10). In the same time two minor reactions occur, a homogeneous precipitation of a cadmium-containing hydroxyapatite followed by the slow dissolution of the initial calcium hydroxyapatite. According to the temperature, between 17% and 35% of the total amount of cadmium fixed after two weeks of contact are adsorbed on grains surface. The surface precipitation incorporates in an apatitic solid solution between 59% and 82% of this quantity, and the homogeneous precipitation from 1 % to 6%
Landy, Pascale. "Comportement thermodynamique et cinétique de petites molécules dans des matrices alimentaires." Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOS039.
Full textGortais, Joe͏̈l. "Thermodynamique et cinétique de l'affinage du cuivre par un laitier basique." Grenoble INPG, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPG0096.
Full textDussap, Claude-Gilles. "Etude thermodynamique et cinétique de la production de polysaccharides microbiens par fermentation en limitation par le transfert d'oxygène : Modèle structuré de la production de xanthane." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CLF2E409.
Full textSolastiouk, Bernard. "Etude thermodynamique et cinétique du système chlore/acide cyanurique en solution aqueuse." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10087.
Full textPellet, Alain. "Réactivité des pyridylacétonitrile, aminonitrile et éther de cyanhydrine vis à vis de composés carbonylés α, β [alpha-béta] éthyléniques : synthèse et stéréochimie de γ [gamma] cétonitriles et de γ [gamma] cétoaldéhydes." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112130.
Full textThis work deals with the regioselectivity of addition of alpha nitrile carbanions on unsaturated carbonyl compounds in the aim of synthesizing gamma functionalized carbonyl compounds. In the first chapter, we have shawn that the addiion of lithiated 3-pyridylacetonitrile to various enones in tetrahydrofurane, followed by protonation, leads exclusively to 1,4 adducts, the bicylcic ketones are Cis ring fused. The cis or trans stereochemistry of the 2,3-disubstituted cyclanones depends on the protonation of enolates under kinetic or thermodynamic control. The 1,2 addition of this anion on 3-methyl 2-butene 1-al is performed in tetrahydrofurane whereas 1,4 addition is observed under thermodynamic control in the presence of hexamethylphosphoramide or trifluoroboron etherate. In the second chapter, we have realized regioselective additions of lithiated and potassiated dimethylaminophenylacetonitrile and lithiated (ethoxy-ethoxy) phenylacetonitrile (latent benzoyl equivalents) on various unsaturated aldehydes. Our study centers on the influence of the nature of the reactants, solvents, cations, Lewis acids, and experimental conditions on the regio and stereoselectivities of these additions. A methodology leading to ketoaldehydes and keto allylic alcohols, usually difficult to obtain, was improved and applied to the synthesis of optically active compounds. In the third chapter, the reductive decyanation by different borohydrides was studied on an aminonitrile model with the aim of accessing to aminoaldehydes and aminoallylic alcohols. The desired free amine is accompanied by various amounts of stable amine-borane complexe according to the reducing agent. This methodology, applied to 1,4 adducts, leads to the corresponding aminoalcohols while retrocondensation occurs from the1,2 adducts
Thibert, Emmanuel. "Thermodynamique et cinétique des solutions solides HCl-H2O et HNO3-H2O : implications atmosphériques." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00755697.
Full textCecile, Jean-Luc. "Etude spectroscopique, thermodynamique et cinétique des mécanismes réactionnels liés au procédé de flottation." Orléans, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ORLE2052.
Full textDescheres, Isabelle. "Cinétique et thermodynamique de polycondensation d'un polybutadiène hydroxytéléchélique radicalaire avec un diisocyanate aliphatique." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO19037.
Full textTristant, Pascal. "Mécanisme de la réduction carbothermique du dioxyde de titane : Application à l'élaboration du carbure de titane." Limoges, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIMO0198.
Full textVillain, Sébastien. "Comportement mécanique de gels soumis à des réactions autocatalytiques." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077112.
Full textWe have developed a theoretical approach allowing to analyse the action of autocatalytic chemical reactions on sensitive gels under controlled conditions far from thermodynamic equilibrium. The sensitivity of the gel, placed at the core of the continuously fed chemical reactor, to one or more of the reactants is demonstrated by variations of its volume. We have numerically solved the evolution equations, that we derived, for two particular chemical kinetics : a reaction allowing spatial bistability and a reaction (belousov-zhabotinsky) giving rise to time periodic oscillations of the concentrations. The gel develops autonomous volume oscillations in both cases. While in the first case we are in the presence of an emergent property as the chemical reaction on its own never gives rise to oscillations, in the second case, for the conditions we have considered, it is rather a forcing of the gel dynamics. We have thereby succeeded to recover, for a spherical geometry, a behavior similar to that observed experimentally
Janvier, Catherine. "Solutions solides de zirconium dans la cérine : modèle thermodynamique et stabilité thermique à haute température." Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841807.
Full textSalles, Katia Teixeira da Silva de la. "Approche thermodynamique et cinétique de l'extraction à deux phases aqueuses à l'aide de tensioactifs non ioniques." Toulouse, INPT, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPT015G.
Full textThivet, Frédéric. "Modélisation et calculs d'écoulements hypersoniques en déséquilibre chimique et thermodynamique." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ECAP0257.
Full textRazafimahefa, Lova. "Etudes thermodynamique et cinétique de la fixation des colorants sur les microfibres en polyamide 6-6 texture. Influence des conditions de texturation." Mulhouse, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MULH0692.
Full textBouali, Noureddine. "Dissolution des gaz dans des solutions aqueuses d'agents tensioactifs ioniques : aspects cinétique et thermodynamique." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20264.
Full textContreras, Maria. "Application de la modélisation moléculaire à la conversion des résidus pétroliers." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066670.
Full textLe pétrole brut est un mélange complexe d'hydrocarbures, qui grâce au raffinage est converti dans une grande variété de produits. Les bruts légers devenant de moins en moins accessibles, les raffineries affrontent le défi de valoriser les bruts lourds via des processus très complexes comme l'hydroconversion. Dans le but de mieux comprendre les réactions catalytiques ayant lieu dans ce processus, on propose dans cette thèse une étude multi-échelle des réactions d'hydroconversion d'une molécule modèle (1-méthylnaphthalène) en présence d'un catalyseur à base de MoS2. Les réactions d'hydroconversion en présence d'un catalyseur peuvent être décrites à travers un modèle cinétique, ce qui permet de faire le pont entre les événements microscopiques et macroscopiques observés. Les paramètres de ce modèle peuvent être générés à l'aide de résultats expérimentaux et/ou de simulation quantiques (DFT) ou via un champ de force réactif (ReaxFF). ReaxFF est une méthode plus rapide que les méthodes quantiques pour simuler la réactivité dans les systèmes d'hydrocarbures, mais nécessite un paramétrage pour décrire les systèmes étudiés. On présente dans cette thèse ce paramétrage et des simulations de dynamique moléculaire réactifs (RMD) de décomposition thermique et d'hydroconversion en présence et absence du catalyseur. Les simulations RMD semblent limitées par l'échelle de temps. Une approche kMC, sur une base de données thermodynamique à partir de calculs DFT, a permis de monter dans l'échelle de temps et décrire des rares événements catalytiques en utilisant une quantité raisonnable de ressources informatiques. Cette approche a été validée par des expériences d'hydroconversion catalytique
Le, Gall Murielle. "Réactions dans les milieux de dimensions réduites : aspect thermodynamique et cinétique : exemple de l'addition nucléophile aromatique de l'ion hydroxyde sur le 1,3,5-trinitrobenzène en milieu micellaire direct pur et dans les mélanges de tensioactifs." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066429.
Full textSalvetti, Marie-Gabrielle. "De l'organique au minéral. Etude expérimentale et modélisation de la transformation d'un précurseur polysilazane en carbonitrure de silicium." Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00843575.
Full textGutiérrez, Chavida Alexandra. "Étude cinétique aux basses sursaturations et modèle thermodynamique de la précipitation oxalique de l’uranium IV." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0306.
Full textPrecipitation is widely used in many other industrial activities. Precipitation reactions are very sensitive to many operating parameters that play a major role in controlling the precipitate quality. In the nuclear industry, precipitation is a common operation, either in uranium extraction from uranium ore, nuclear fuel reprocessing or radioactive waste management. In this study we are interested in uranium IV oxalate precipitation. This study proposes a thermodynamic model and precipitation kinetics at low supersaturations on the basis of experimental acquisitions. New measures of uranium IV oxalate solubility at different acidities and oxalic excess led to the identification of the complexation constants and the solubility product. The supersaturation is calculated from free ions concentrations. The comparison with a constituent ions approach shows that the two concepts lead to equivalent supersaturation values. Regarding the identification of kinetics, many uranium IV oxalate precipitation continuous tests allowed the analysis of the influence of the operating parameters on efficiency and particle size distribution. Kinetic parameters are obtained by solving the population balance equation by the method of moments. Nucleation kinetics and agglomeration kernel are expressed from crystal growth kinetics. The nucleation mechanism corresponds to a secondary type and depends on the power dissipation and crystal concentration. As for the agglomeration kernel, it is identified of orthokinetic type
Guzman, Castillo Maria de Lourdes. "Contribution à l'étude de la thermodynamique et de la cinétique de cristallisation de la mazzite." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20003.
Full textBoulghallat, Mustapha. "Etude cinétique et thermodynamique de l'hydruration et de la déshydruration d'alliages AB et AB2 substitués." Dijon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992DIJOS037.
Full textHernández, Cortázar Manuel de Atocha. "Etude cinétique et thermodynamique de la sorption de l'argent (I) sur des sables de quartz." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13013.
Full textIn order to understand the sorption mechanisms of silver (I), kinetic and thermodynamic experiments were performed in batch reactors in the presence of either a quartz sand of natural origin or a pure quartz sand (silica > 99. 99 %). The effect of various parameters such as the pH, the ionic strength, the initial concentration of Ag (I), and the chemical composition of the solid phase were studied. We showed that the sorption of Ag+ onto the natural quartz sand depends strongly on the pH. Moreover since the ionic strength does not influence the sorption, formation of inner sphere complexes, that is formation of rather strong bonds of covalent type, may be assumed. The effect of the initial concentration on the kinetics suggests that the sorption reaction does not follow a first order rate law. To explain the experimental results of Ag (I) sorption kinetics, several methods such as integral, differential, initial concentration, and half-life ones were tested. It was necessary to take into account the reversible reaction, and at least two types of surface sites. Isotherm experiments were performed in the same conditions, equilibrium being reached after 4 days. A Langmuir type relationship was used to estimate total surface site concentration and Langmuir type constant from the isotherm experiments. Results are consistent with kinetic conclusions, that is necessity of several sites to describe surface heterogeneity. For high concentrations and high pH, a mechanism of surface precipitation could also occur. Type of surface sites were also identified. The Ag (I) sorption can be assumed to occur mainly onto metal (hydr)oxides and secondarily onto clays since the pure quartz sand and the treated sands, for which clays and metal (hydr)oxides were at least partially removed, show a very weak affinity for Ag (I) cation. For the pH 8 isotherm, buffered with HEPES, we observed a significant effect of complexation between Ag+ and impurities contained in the HEPES salt which changes a lot the Ag speciation. Finally, we conclude that the silver precipitates on the surface of this natural sand according to complex mechanisms
Zeghli, Abdellah. "Complexation du fer ferrique par des ligands dérivés du 2,2'-dihydroxybiphényle : études thermodynamique et cinétique." Grenoble 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE10173.
Full textChateau, Estelle. "Thermodynamique et cinétique dans les macromolécules : apports de la microcalorimétrie AC de très haute résolution." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE10072.
Full textKorovitch, Alexandre. "Mécanisme de formation de complexes de césium : Norbadione A, Dérivés et Calixarènes." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077135.
Full textDuring the Chernobyl disaster in 1986, a cloud of several radioactive isotopes, including Cs was released into the environment. The half-life of ¹³⁷Cs is 30 years. A substantial part of the ¹³⁷Cs was complexed by Norbadione A (NbA) and accumulated in the bay boletus mushroom. This led to contaminations of game meat and people all over Europe. We used the methods and techniques of chemical relaxation (stopped-flow and T-jump) to establish the mechanisms involved in the complex formation between NbA and Cs⁺. One of the major problems encountered with NbA is the diffîculty in detecting the Cs⁺ complex by spectrophotometric techniques. To overturn this obstacle, we used two Cs⁺-selective fluorescent calix[4]arene probes. Complex formation between Cs⁺ and the two calixarenes is slower than expected (few ms). This can be related to the rigid structure, the steric effect and other factors which lead to the necessity of the calixarene cavity to adapt its size and conformation to the large Cs⁺ alkali cation. We determined the mechanisms involved in the complex formation between NbA and Cs⁺ and measured the implicated kinetics and thermodynamics constants in alcohol and aquo-alcoholic mixtures. NbA forais strong complexes with Cs+ ((K₁ ≈ 10⁵ and K₂ ≈ 10³, in ethanol). Complex formation occurs with the two enolates and the two carboxylates of NbA. This affïnity for Cs⁺ can be related to the flexibility of the two pulvinic acids, allowing them to adopt an inclusion cavity conformation
Massot, Marc. "Modelisation mathematique et numerique de la combustion des melanges gazeux." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EPXX0025.
Full textLaarraj, Mohcine. "Nanocalorimètre dynamique pseudo-différentiel à haute sensibilité pour l'étude thermodynamique et cinétique de la transition vitreuse." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY029/document.
Full textThis thesis reports the working principle and the building up of a dynamic differential nanocalorimeter to the study of the glass transition. The micro-fabricated sensor, the low noise and highly stable measurement chain, as well as the thermal environment of the sensor are described in details. The measurement method is a spectroscopic method in which the amplitude and phase of the oscillating temperature are measured with a high resolution at different frequencies. The resolution of the nanocalorimeter on the measurement of the complex heat capacity module is ∆|C_p^* |/|C_p^* | ± 0,001 %, and on the phase of the temperature oscillation is ∆φ/φ ± 0, 0005 %. This resolution is about one thousand times higher than that of the commercial temperature modulated calorimeters. The potentialities of the nanocalorimeter for the study of fine thermodynamic and kinetic effects are demonstrated on a model of glassy polymer, the poly(vinyl acetate). New effects which are too fine to be detected by conventional calorimeters have been measured. The modulus of the complex heat capacity and the phase of the temperature oscillation exhibit small relaxational effects of low amplitude either in the super-cooled liquid state or in the glassy state. In addition, according to the thermal history followed by the material, the structural recovery of this polymer can take place in two steps during the heating. These two steps are visible only on the temperature derivative of the modulus of the complex heat capacity. In conclusion, resolution, stability and repeatability of the nanocalorimeter are particularly suitable for fine thermodynamic and kinetic study on out of equilibrium complex systems such as glasses
Gely, Roger. "Contribution à l'étude thermodynamique et cinétique de la lixiviation du sulfure de zinc en milieu sulfurique." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066051.
Full textMaupome, Carvantes Alejandro. "Équilibre thermodynamique, transfert de matière et cinétique chimique dans un réacteur agite gaz-liquide sous pression." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10305.
Full textDeligny, Judith. "Contribution à l'étude cinétique et thermodynamique de procédés de déshydratation du triéthylène glycol et d'hydrocarbures liquides." Compiègne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997COMP1080.
Full textThomas, Fabrice. "Complexation du fer par des ligands tripodes originaux et la calcéine : étude thermodynamique, cinétique et biologique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10108.
Full textGarruchet, Sébastien. "Modélisation de phénomènes locaux : vers leur prise en compte dans la simulation de la cinétique d'oxydation d'un métal." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00438186.
Full textGiza, Jacek. "Etude de la cinétique et des équilibres liquide-vapeur et liquide-liquide-vapeur dans l'hydrolyse d'un ester lourd." Toulouse, INPT, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPT021G.
Full textChallier, Lylian. "Méthodologies électrochimiques pour la caractérisation thermodynamique et cinétique de reconnaissance biomoléculaire : application au système aptamère/molécule chirale." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077140.
Full textThis thesis concerns the development of new electrochemical methodologies for the characterization of enantioselective biomolecular recognition between an aptamer and its chiral target. By using a model system, the L-Tyrosinamide ant its aptamer of 49 nucleotids, a first analytical device for the detection of the complexation in homogeneous phase was optimized. This approach is based on the difference of diffusion coefficient that exists between the free state of the target ant the complexed state with the aptamer. Initially based on the intrinsic electroactivity of the target, via the phenolic function, this approach was extended to non electroactive molecules thanks to a competitive exchange strategy by marking the target with a redox function (ferrocene). This methodology was successfully used for the precise measure of enantiomeric excess until 0,1 %. Coupled with a qualitative approach based on the prediction of the tertiary structures of the aptamer, this technic also allowed to determine the minimal required sequence of 23 nucleotids to insure the recognition. A second device combining the advantage of working in microvolum (use of small quantities of reactives) and the advantages of electrochemical measures in forced convection (short mixing time, stationary current) was also developped. This method of stationnary electrochemistry in microvolume then allowed the characterization of the kinetics (association constant Kon and dissociation constant Koff) and the thermodynamics (Kd) of the reaction