Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Contrôle de l'expression'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Contrôle de l'expression.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Studniarek, Cécilia. "Contrôle de l'expression génique par la RNP 7SK." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30318.
Full textThe positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) stimulates transcription elongation through phosphorylation of negative elongation factors and the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II). The cellular activity of P-TEFb is controlled by the 7SK small nuclear RNP (snRNP) composed of the 7SK snRNA, LARP7 and MePCE. Together with HEXIM, the 7SK snRNP dynamically sequesters a fraction of nuclear P-TEFb into catalytically inactive 7SK/HEXIM/P-TEFb snRNP. Outside of the 7SK snRNP, active P-TEFb is targeted to gene promoter regions to stimulate transcription elongation through its association with transcription factors and cofactors. Active P-TEFb is also rapidly released from 7SK/HEXIM/P-TEFb snRNP in response to various stress and physiological conditions which globally affect cell growth - including UV-induced DNA damage. Besides serving as a P-TEFb reservoir, the inactive 7SK/HEXIM/P-TEFb snRNP is selectively targeted to and loaded onto various gene promoters to allow 'on site' P-TEFb extraction and to support specific gene activation. Using human 7SK knock-out (KO) cell lines, we have assessed the functional consequences of 7SK snRNA loss on RNAPII transcription before and after UV-induced DNA damage. Mammalian Native Elongating Transcript-sequencing (mNET-seq) showed that under normal growth conditions the lack of 7SK snRNA has only subtle impacts on RNA Pol II transcription. However, upon UV irradiation, some key early-responsive genes which are readily induced in control cells show impaired transcriptional activation in 7SK KO cells. Since the levels of active P-TEFb in control and 7SK KO cells are highly comparable, we concluded that proper activation of these 7SK-dependent genes relies on the 7SK-associated inactive fraction of P-TEFb. Further experiments suggested that upon UV irradiation, P-TEFb is specifically extracted from the 7SK/P-TEFb snRNP and recruited to selected target genes as part of the Super Elongation Complex (SEC) in order to stimulate RNA Pol II entry into productive elongation and recruitment of RNA Pol II elongation factors. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that the 7SK snRNA is not required for cell viability under normal growth conditions but it is critical to orchestrate accurate transcriptional response upon UV-induced DNA damage
Van, Heuverswyn Brigitte. "Contrôle de l'expression du gène de la thyroglobuline." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213601.
Full textBoutonnet, Christel. "Contrôle pharmacologique de l'expression d'un transgène au niveau traductionnel." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30077.
Full textBertin, Marine. "Contrôle de l'expression du régulateur central AtxA chez Bacillus anthracis." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077029.
Full textBacillus anthracis, the ethiological agent of anthrax, is a Gram positive spore forming bacterium. After entry into the mammalian host the bacilli multiply and produce key virulence factors, an immunomodulating tripartite toxin and an antiphagocytic poly-y-D-glutamate capsule, Genes responsible for synthesis of the key virulence factors are under AtxA contrai» a global transcriptional regulator. Toxin gene expression has been investigated but the mechanism by which is still undefined. With a set of deleted strains, we have determined that in cis elements located in the vicinity of atxA act on this gene expression. Regions located both upstream and downstream atxA are roquired for full expression of the gene, Upstream of atxA, a second promoter located before the initially identified promoter has been described by another team. An atxA copy deleted just after the translation stop codon gene is responsible for a defect m atxA and pagA expression and this phenotype is not restored by an in trans complementation of the deleted part. The truncated atxA gene produces an instable mRNA. We have determined that the atxA 3'UTR region of 520 bases ends with a rho-independent terminator. We hypothesized that the stem and loop structure is necessary for protection of the transcript against 3'-5' exoribonucleases. The stem end loop structure acts as a transcriptional repressor when inserted between an inducible promoter and a reporter gene. We have shown that the atxA gene, as now defined with a long 5'UTR, containing the described promoters, and the 3'UTR region, containing a stem, and loop follow by poly-T, is the only pXQl element required for pagA gene optimal expression
Christophe, Daniel. "Du gène de la thyroglobuline: structure et contrôle de l'expression." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213376.
Full textLafontaine, Jennifer. "Contrôle de l'expression des gènes ribosomaux chez la levure et l'homme." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6322.
Full textVan, Reeth Thierry. "Contrôle de l'expression du gène de l'alpha-foetoprotéine par l'hormone thyroïdienne." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211760.
Full textBerberof, Magali. "Contrôle de l'expression des gènes d'antigènes de surface majeurs chez trypanosoma brucei." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212579.
Full textAchour, Lamia. "Contrôle de l'expression à la surface cellulaire du récepteur de chimiokine CCR5." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05T011.
Full textCCR5 a chemokine receptor belonging to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family, plays a major role in HIV entry, by forming the viral receptor in association with the glycoprotein CD4. We report that the vast majority of fully functional CCR5 (=90%) is maintained within the intracellular compartments of human immune cells and of transfected fibroblasts. Intracellular CCR5 is mostly localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus. The molecular mechanisms which control the export of CCR5 from the intracellular compartments are different in the ER and the Golgi. In the ER, the progression of CCR5 is slow and depends on its association with CD4 which functions as an escort protein and controls the CCR5 exit. Association with CD4 would induce a conformational change of CCR5, which would release the receptor from its retention in the ER by a resident protein, PRAF2. In the Golgi, the release of CCR5 is faster (5-10min) and is controlled by extracellular signals promoted by cell adhesion. The intracellular retention of CCR5 and, more generally, of GPCRs could represent an adaptive mechanism to maintain a prolonged physiological response. In particular contexts, which require sustained receptor response such as leukocyte chemotaxis, intracellular receptors would allow the permanent replacement of cell surface desensitized and internalized receptors
Polanowska, Jolanta. "Contrôle de l'expression du gèbe cycline E au cours du cycle cellulaire." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20095.
Full textGuilhon, Emmanuelle. "Induction par hyperthermie de l'expression d'un transgène sous contrôle d'un promoteur thermosensible." Bordeaux 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR28983.
Full textThe aim of the gene therapy is the cure of pathology by inducing a gene expression in one or more cellular type. It opens views in the cure of cancer, because it offers one other way to cure than the actual treatments, highly invasive or inducing damageable secondary effects. A specific effect can be obtained with the control of the activation of the gene expression. Our aim is to locally induce the gene expression by using a thermo-sensible promoter. A local heating can limit the gene expression to the warmed zone. An in vitro study show the functionally of the promoter. Here, we use MRI guided focused ultrasound (MRI-FUS) with real-time feedback control on a whole-body clinical MRI system for a completely automatic execution of a predefined temperature-time trajectory in the focal point. This hallows a non-invasive way to heat tumours in vivo. A first approach with a reporter gene show the feasibility of this system. The use of a suicide gene in a sub-cutaneous glioma model gives a therapeutical way
Walgraffe, David. "Mécanismes de contrôle de l'expression des gênes de VSG chez Trypanosoma brucei." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211122.
Full textPour être exprimé, le gène de VSG (VSG) doit se trouver en fin d’un site d’expression (ES) particulier. Cet ES est polycistronique, télomérique et transcrit par une ARN polymérase de type ribosomique (Pol I). 20 à 40 ESs similaires et un millier de VSGs sont recensés dans le génome du trypanosome. Cependant, un seul ES est totalement transcrit (actif) et un seul VSG est exprimé. La variation antigénique est donc possible par deux mécanismes: soit l’activation d’un autre ES, soit le remplacement du VSG dans l’ES actif. La base de ce système est l’activation d’un seul ES à la fois (contrôle monoallélique).
Au laboratoire, un modèle a été proposé où la transcription s’initie au niveau de tous les ESs mais n’aboutit au VSG que dans le cas de l’ES actif (Vanhamme et al. 2000). Dans ce cas uniquement, le transcrit primaire subit une maturation correcte (épissage et polyadénylation) et est exporté dans le cytoplasme. Etant donné que des transcrits Pol I subissent une maturation identique à des transcrits Pol II, la régulation s’effectuerait par recrutement d’une machinerie d’élongation/maturation de l’ARN de type Pol II (Pol II « RNA factory »). Cette dernière serait uniquement localisée au niveau de l’ES actif dans le compartiment nucléaire appelé ES body (Navarro and Gull, 2001).
Durant cette thèse, diverses stratégies ont été élaborées pour tester la validité du modèle. La première visait à comparer l’état de maturation d’un ES en fonction de son activité. Nos résultats ont appuyé l’idée que les transcrits d’ESs ayant subi une maturation correcte provenaient préférentiellement de l’ES actif mais le(s) facteur(s) en quantité limitante ne permettant cette maturation qu’au niveau de l’ES actif doivent encore être identifiés. Le seconde stratégie analysait l’acétylation des histones ainsi qu’un éventuel attachement différentiel à la matrice nucléaire de l’ES suivant son activité. Le niveau d’acétylation d’un ES lorsqu’il est actif n’a pu être étudié. Des résultats préliminaires en faveur d’une association préférentielle de l’ES à la matrice nucléaire lorsqu’il est actif ont été obtenus. Enfin, nous avons cloné deux homologues d’un facteur général de la transcription appelé TFIIS. Ce dernier permet à la Pol de redémarrer lorsqu’elle est bloquée par un site de pause. Individuellement chacun de ces facteurs ne semble pas être essentiel au trypanosome. Cependant, un retard de croissance a été observé lorsque les deux facteurs sont invalidés dans la même lignée cellulaire. Ce phénotype particulier doit être caractérisé. En parallèle, nous avons envisagé de caractériser le complexe de la Pol I du trypanosome. Cette stratégie constituait la manière la plus simple de mettre en évidence un éventuel contact physique et/ou fonctionnel entre la Pol I transcrivant l’ES et la machinerie d’élongation/maturation de l’ARN de type Pol II « RNA factory ». 5 sous-unités du complexe ont été identifiées, associées à une protéine de fonction inconnue ainsi qu’à des histones. L’identification d’autres protéines associées au complexe constitue notre perspective principale. La phosphorylation de la plus grande sous-unité du complexe a été démontrée mais son rôle doit encore être élucidé.
Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation biologie moléculaire
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Charpentier, Maud. "Caractérisation et contrôle de l'expression des antigènes de mélanome issus de la traduction de l'ARNm meloe." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT1035/document.
Full textMELOE-1 and MELOE-2 are two melanoma antigens previously identified by our team whose expression profile is attractive for their use as anti-tumor immunotherapy targets. They are indeed encoded by meloe, a polycistronic lncRNA only transcripted in cells of the melanocytic lineage and MELOE-1 and MELOE-2 translation is restricted to melanoma cells. This specific translation relies on the exclusive activation of IRES sequences in tumor cells. In the present study, we identified an additional meloe derived protein named MELOE-3 that unlike the two others is translated through the classical cap dependent pathway. Whereas MELOE-1 and -2 were melanoma specific, MELOE-3 expression profile showed that it is expressed in both melanoma cells and normal melanocytes. We documented that in opposition to MELOE-1 and -2, MELOE-3 is poorly immunogenic, an observation that is consistent with an immune tolerance towards a protein physiologically expressed by melanocytes. Furthermore, our work on the conditions of MELOE-1 IRES activation in melanoma cells shows that ER stress inducers significatively increase MELOE-1 expression. These conditions could reflect the cellular stress experienced by cells in the tumor microenvironment. In conclusion, meloe derived antigens translated through IRES sequences are the most relevant therapeutic targets for immunotherapy. Our current hypothesis is that IRES dependent antigens encoded by cryptic transcripts such as lncRNAs probably exist in other tumor types and should be taken into account when studying anti-tumor immune responses
Gerard, Catherine. "Contribution à l'étude du contrôle de l'expression de gènes spécifiques du tissu thyroïdien." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213241.
Full textKaraa, Zeïneb. "MicroARN et hypoxie : étude du contrôle de l'expression de HIF-1alpha et du VEGF." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/754/.
Full textThe major response to reduced oxygen availability (hypoxia) is mediated through inducing gene expression of the hypoxia-inducible-factors (HIFs). HIF-1 is a transcription factor (HIF-1alpha and HIF-1beta) that functions as the main mediator of oxygen homeostasis in response to reduced O2 availability. HIF-1 directs the transcription of numerous genes implicated in oxygen delivery and energy metabolism, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). VEGF is an essential growth and survival factor for endothelial cells. It plays a major role in physiological and pathological angiogenesis. The purpose of this thesis is the study of the regulation of the expression of both HIF-1alpha and VEGF by microRNA (miRs). MiRs are short single stranded regulatory RNAs which traditionally play a role in mRNA 5'- 3'degradation, deadenylation, and translation inhibition. In this study we show that miR-16 inhibits VEGFA translation though its direct interactions with a binding site in the VEGFA 3'UTR and that miR-16 inhibits selectively VEGF translation initiated at the IRES-B. This study demonstrates for the first time the inhibition of cellular IRES driven translation by a miR. Consequently, miR-16 preferentially alters the level of the diffusible VEGF isoform. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that miR16 increases the protein level of HIF-1alpha, through increasing HIF-1alpha stability. This HIF-1a positive regulation by miR-16 was confirmed in vivo, where decrease level of miR-16 inhibits HeLa tumors growth. MiR-16 acts as a mainspring of hypoxic response in a feedback loop by promoting HIF-1alpha stabilization in part, and inhibiting VEGF translation in order to avoid unwanted VEGF overexpression
Guyot, Boris. "Contrôle de l'expression de l'adaptateur moléculaire MONA (Monocytic adaptor) dans le système hématopoïétique humain." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10079.
Full textCoiffet, Michaël. "Etude du contrôle épigénétique de l'expression de trois rétrovirus endogènes ZAM, Idefix et Gypsy." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CLF1MM05.
Full textTransposable elements are DNA sequences, that have been found in all studied organisms, able to move from a chromosomal site to another causing genomic alterations. Thus, elaborated genomic defenses have evolved to restrict their transposition. One of those involves mechanisms depending on small RNA (RNAi), whose siARNs are the most known constituent. Recently, a new class of small RNA has been identified in Drosophila and called piRNA. These piRNAs control specifically transposable elements in reproductive tissues. ZAM and Idefix are two LTR retrotransposon in Drosophila melanogaster isolated in our laboratory. They are usually quiescent but we isolated a drosophila line which lost this control, and where ZAM and Idefix express and transpose at high rate. The genetic locus responsible for this control is located on the X chromosome, at position 20A. This heterochromatic region is also known to regulate the expression of Gypsy an other LTR retrotransposon and thus, has been called "Centre Organisateur de la Mobilisation" : COM or flam/COM. Here I describe the moleclar determinants present in the flam/COM locus between different lines which control or not the expression of ZAM, Idefix and Gypsy. It has been shown that genomic and heterochromatic structures are different. Furthermore, transcripts from this locus have been detected in some regions. These transcripts are complementary to transposable element messengers which are located elsewhere in the drosophila genome. It has been shown in the laboratory that Idefix is controled by a post-transcriptional regulation (PTGS) involving piRNA in reproductive tissues of Drosophila. I was interested to known if, besides PTGS, another regulation which would implicate a transcriptional silencing (TGS) might also repress the expression of Idefix. By studying the differential of expression between a transgene repressed by PTGS, because it contains an Idefix fragment, and the same transgene from which the PTGS repression is released, I showed that a TGS doesn't occur in the somatic cells of the adult ovaries
Gout, Johann. "Contrôle de l'expression des gènes du système mélanocortinergique dans différentes conditions hormonales et nutritionnelles." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10328.
Full textAt the central level, the hypothalamic melanocortin system controls food intake and energy homeostasis. In the first in vitro experiment, we studied the factors responsible of the constitutive expression of the gene encoding MC4-R at the transcriptional level. Then, we studied the variation of expression of the genes encoding ligands and receptors of this system in vivo in different hormonal and nutritional conditions and have demonstrated the role of leptin. We also studied these alterations in a murine model of high fat diet-induced obesity, in adults and in offspring. These variations of expression, which aim to control the energy status, are associated with disorders in carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms. These metabolic disorders appear early in the offspring of obese mother. The change of diet of the progeny, for a standard or a high protein content diet, improves metabolic parameters. The improvement depends of the precocity of the changes and is correlated with changes in gene expression
Kim, Wanhui. "Rôle de l'acétylation des histones dans le contrôle de l'expression du génome d'Arabidopsis thaliana." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112156.
Full textHistone acetylation appears as a central switch for interconversion between permissive and repressive state of chromatin domains. Homeostasis of histone acetylation is made sure by histones acetyltransferases (HAT) and histones desacetylases (HDAC). But their role on chromatin and transcriptional/posttranscriptional regulation was not clear. The objective of my work was to study the role of histone acetylation in the control of gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. For this reason, HAT and HDAC mutants had been identified and characterized. First of all, we show that AtGCN5 interfere, in the pathway of miRNA, on transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of gene. It indicates that histone acetylation/desacetylation is an epigenetic mechanism involved in the regulation of miRNA production. Characterization of the mutants reveled that AtHDA9 mutation induces a phenotype of early flowering in short days. This characteristics is associated with overexpression of activator genes in the pathway of flowering. AtHDA9 and AtSRT2 mutation affect also DNA méthylation of pericentromeric sequence repeat 180 bp and retroelement AtSN1. Our results reveal the different role of individual HAT and HDAC in the control of genome expression of Arabidopsis
Chapat, Clément. "Nouveaux rôles du complexe CCR4-NOT dans le contrôle de l'expression des gènes eucaryotes." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10139/document.
Full textThe multi-subunit CCR4-NOT complex has been implicated in all aspects of the mRNA life cycle, from synthesis of mRNAs in the nucleus to their degradation in the cytoplasm. The CAF1 protein is a catalytic subunit which plays a central role inside the complex. Human CAF1 is a deadenylase, modulates arginine methylation, and is a transcriptional cofactor of several nuclear receptors. The main objective of the thesis was to elucidate the molecular mechanism of hCAF1- mediated gene expression. We reported that hCAF1 is an important negative regulator of the interferon pathway and that hCAF1 is associated in the cytoplasm of resting cells with STAT1, a crucial transcription factor of this pathway. We found that hCAF1 participates in the extinction of the IFN signal via its deadenylase activity, by speeding up the degradation of some STAT1-induced mRNAs. Our findings are important because abnormal activations of this pathway are frequently associated with cancer and auto-immune diseases. In parallel, we characterized a novel isoform called hCAF1v2 produced by alternative splicing of the Caf1 gene. We reported that hCAF1v2 displays divergent functions compared with hCAF1. In fact hCAF1v2 does not have a deadenylase activity and is preferentially associated with PRMT1 to modulate arginine methylation. Altogether, our findings identify a new signalling pathway which is regulated by hCAF1, and reveal novel mechanisms utilized by the CCR4-NOT complex to control gene expression
Hamouche, Lina. "Contrôle spatio-temporel de l'expression génétique et du comportement d'une communauté migrante de Bacillus subtilis." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC206.
Full textBacteria adopt social behavior, as a communities, to expand into new territories. Mass migration of Bacillus subtilis is an attractive model system to study swarming motility. This is the most rapid form of surface translocation that preceeds biofilm formation. In our conditions, the bacterial community advances in the form of dendrites that remain as a cellular monolayer over long distances, greatly facilitating spatio-temporal gene expression analysis in single cells. The linear two- dimensional progression of the dendrites is at odds with the anticipated exponential growth of the cells. Here we show, that the rate of DNA replication and protein translation depend on the localization of an individual cell within the migrating population. Fluorescent D-amino acid (FDAA) labeling of newly synthesized peptidoglycan clearly confirms the non-uniform cell division pattern. Our data go against the common view that swarming cells have slow division rate. On the contrary our data show that only a few specialized swarmer tells at the forefront of the migrating community, propulse the population forward and account in large part for the increase in biomass. Our theorized two-population-model fully explains the linear expansion rates of migrating bacterial communities. We also used this experimental system for quantitative and spatiotemporal expression analysis of key ribonucleases, the RNaseJl and RNaseY. Furthermore we have shown, by TIRF microscopy, that RNaseY is associated with the membrane that move dynamically along the lipid bilayer forming fugitive foci. Neither transcription arrest or overproduction of a substrate had an effect on RNase Y localization
Parmentier, Jean-Hugues. "Répression des cytochromes P450 par les Interleukines-1 et 6 : contrôle de l'expression du CYP4A1." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10455.
Full textOnesto, Cercina. "PAIP2 et ARNm du VEGF : un modèle original de contrôle de l'expression de gènes angiogéniques." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE4049.
Full textThe VEGF-A is one of the most important regulators of angiogenesis. Thus, studying mechanisms governing its expression appears to be crucial to understanding physiological and pathological processes involved in angiogenesis. VEGF expression is tightly regulated, particularly at the level of its mRNA stability, which is essentially mediated through the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of the VEGF mRNA. By performing screening experiments, we identified PAIP2 as a protein partner of the VEGF mRNA 3'UTR. PAIP2 overexpression stabilizes endogenous VEGF mRNA, leading to an increase in VEGF secretion. Conversely, PAIP2 silencing by RNA interference impairs the VEGF mRNA basal level, inducing a 50% decrease in the level of secreted VEGF. Moreover, PAIP2 can interact with HuR, another VEGF mRNA-stabilizing protein, suggesting cooperation of both proteins in VEGF mRNA stabilization. "Gene Array" experiments demonstrated that PAIP2 also regulates the expression of other angiogenic genes, such as those encoding interleukin 8, neuropilin 1, EGF receptor, α5 and αv integrins and Id3. Hence, we analyzed the role of PAIP2 in neovascularization and tumor growth by silencing PAIP2 expression in vivo using RNA interference. As systemic administration of siRNA to mice proved to be ineffective, we developed lentiviral vectors that allowed PAIP2 silencing in vivo. Finally, a retrospective study into human head and neck carcinomas showed a strong correlation between PAIP2 and VEGF expression, suggesting that PAIP2 also controls VEGF expression in human tumors. Thus, due to its crucial role in regulating angiogenesis, PAIP2 may be used as a potential target in anti-angiogenic therapies
Zhang, Elodie. "Etude de facteurs impliqués dans le contrôle-qualité de l'expression des gènes, chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066500/document.
Full textMechanisms responsible for the regulation of gene expression and its quality-control are required, respectively for maintaining an equilibrium between mRNA synthesis and degradation and to prevent synthesis of aberrant mRNAs and proteins potentially toxic for the cells. To better understand these quality-control processes, I studied three factors, Jlp2, Tac4 and Ska1, with physical or functional links described with factors involved in mRNA and protein quality-control, the RQC and SKI complexes. Jlp2 shows synthetic lethality with the RQC and SKI complexes but its deletion has no effect on the NonStop mRNA Decay, suggesting that Jlp2 could be implicated in another control pathway linked to the RQC and SKI complexes. Tac4 is a putative RNA helicase bound to ribosomes, on the 18S rRNA H16 helix, as its mammalian putative homolog DHX29. DHX29 plays a role in translation initiation but surprisingly, Tac4 interacts, in addition to ribosomes, with mRNA 3’UTRs. These observations suggest that Tac4 could be implicated in translation reinitiation and rescue of non-dissociated-ribosomes, recently described within mRNA 3’UTRs. Finally, we identified Ska1, a new factor associated to a SKI complex subpopulation. Our observations suggest that the SKI-Ska1 complex is implicated in the degradation of transcripts devoid of ribosomes. It suggests a model by which the SKI complex would proceed in two steps. First, the SKI-Ska1 complex could assist the exosome to degrade 3’UTR regions of RNAs and then, when its reaches the coding region and encounter a ribosome, Ska1 would leave the complex and allow it to interact directly with ribosomes to proceed further in the 3’-5’ RNA degradation
Leriche, Anne. "Contribution à l'étude du contrôle par la thyrotropine de l'expression génétique de la glande thyroïde." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213472.
Full textMeller, Alain. "Apsis : un système pour l'expression de connaissances décisionnelles en robotique." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112153.
Full textBoucher, Annie. "Contrôle hormonal de l'expression de MCP-1 par les cellules endométriales chez les femmes ayant l'endométriose." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0007/MQ43777.pdf.
Full textVille, Thérèse. "Etude des mécanismes intervenant dans le contrôle transcriptionnel de l'expression des gènes de globines γ humaines." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10064.
Full textSoutourina, Olga. "Contrôle de l'expression des gènes dans le processus de motilité chez les bactéries à Gram-négatif." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001VERS011V.
Full textGourdon, Geneviève. "Etude des mécanismes intervenant dans le contrôle transcriptionnel de l'expression des gènes de globines α humaines." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10183.
Full textNorth-Chassande, Sophie. "Contrôle transcriptionnel de l'expression du gène CDC2 au cours du développement de la neurorétine de caille." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENSL0035.
Full textPescador, Salas Nazario. "Contrôle de l'expression du gène de la protéine de régulation rapide de la stéroïdogénèse pendant la lutéinisation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ42269.pdf.
Full textLe, Roux Frédérique. "Latence et réactivation du virus d'Epstein-Barr : contrôle de l'expression de EB1, régulateur clé du cycle productif." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO1T213.
Full textRenouf, Sylvie. "Contrôle de l'expression du gène de l'argininossucinate lyase dans les hépatocytes de rat pendant la période périnatale." Rouen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ROUES004.
Full textGuillin, Olivier. "Le Brain-derived neurotrophic factor contrôle l'expression du récepteur D3 de la dopamine : implications dans la sensibilisation." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066169.
Full textHommais, Florence. "Contrôle Collectif de l'Expression des Gènes en Réponse au pH Acide chez les Bactéries à Gram Négatif." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077087.
Full textArcher, Amena. "Rôle des récepteurs nucléaires HNF-4α et HNF-4γ dans le contrôle de l'expression de gènes entérocytaires." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066472.
Full textSubramanian, Murugan. "Fonction de la protéine "Fragile x mental retardation" dans le contrôle de l'expression des ARN messagers neuronaux." Strasbourg, 2009. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2009/SUBRAMANIAN_Murugan_2009.pdf.
Full textFragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common form of inherited mental retardation and is due to the lack of the expression of Fragile X Mental Retardation protein (FMRP). FMRP is a RNA-binding protein involved in several steps of RNA metabolism. Data from fragile X patients and from the fragile X mouse model revealed abnormalities of the dendritic spines and of the synaptic plasticity. Synaptic protein synthesis, which underlies synaptic plasticity, is altered in the fragile X mouse model. Thus, FMRP, due to its RNA binding properties, appears as a key actor in the control of local mRNA translation in dendrites. The exact role of FMRP in this process remains however unclear. This thesis aimed at characterizing the exact molecular function of FMRP in neuronal mRNA metabolism and in particular in the transport and local translation of mRNAs. In a first part, we studied the previously proposed link between FMRP and translation regulation by miRNAs. [. . . ] In a second part, we characterized some neuronal mRNA target of FMRP relevant to the dendritic phenotype of FXS. […]In a third part, we studied the intracellular localization of FMRP with itself (dimerization) and its interactors (FXR1, FXR2, CYFIP1/Sra1, CYFIP2) in living cells using the bi-molecular fluorescence complementation assay (BiFC) […] Finally, we studied the role of FMRP paralogue, FXR1P, an RNA binding protein important for heart and skeletal muscle development [. . . ]
Lema, Ingrid. "Contrôle post-transcriptionnel de l'expression rénale du récepteur minéralocorticoide par les variations de tonicité extracellulaire : conséquences physiopathologiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS290.
Full textAldosterone and the Mineralocorticoid Receptor (MR) participate to the control of salt and water balance and the arterial pressure. Alteration of renal MR expression or mineralocorticoid signaling pathway contributes to the development of numerous human disorders. In this work, we have demonstrated the major role played by the RNA-Binding Proteins, Tis11b and HuR, in the control of MR expression in response to variations of extracellular tonicity in a model of principal tubular cells and in vivo. Hypertonicity (500 mOsmol/L) increases the expression ofTis11b, which binds the 3’-untranslated region of MR transcript and accelerates the degradation of MR transcript, leading to the reduction of the mineralocorticoid signaling. Conversely, hypotonicity (150 mOsmol/L) stimulates nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of HuR protein, which stabilizes MR transcript increasing its expression and renal sensitivity to aldosterone action. Furthermore, HuR participates to the editing of the novel MR Δ6 splice variant, which lacks exon 6, and exerts a dominant negative effect on mineralocorticoid signaling. Finally, we have provided evidence that hypertonicity modulates expression of microRNA, which may control mineralocorticoid signaling pathway. Characterization of these original mechanisms modulating MR action is pivotal for a better understanding of mineralocorticoid-related pathophysiology, and should ultimately lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies
Devaux, Sara. "Recherche de facteurs impliqués dans le contrôle de l'expression des gènes d'antigènes de surface chez Trypanosoma brucei." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210740.
Full textNous nous sommes donc intéressés aux mécanismes de transcription, impliqués dans la régulation de l’expression des gènes. Chez les autres eucaryotes, les gènes codant pour des protéines sont toujours transcrits par une ARN polymérase de type II (Pol II). Les ARN codant pour des protéines subissent en effet une maturation particulière (épissage et polyadénylation) et la machinerie enzymatique nécessaire à cette maturation est spécifiquement recrutée par la Pol II. Une particularité étonnante des gènes de PROCYCLINE et de VSG est qu’ils sont transcrits par une ARN polymérase de type I (Pol I) mais les transcrits résultants sont maturés comme s’ils étaient transcrits par la Pol II. L’hypothèse à la base de ce travail est que la régulation de l’expression des gènes codant pour la PROCYCLINE et le VSG s’effectue via le recrutement, au niveau de la Pol I, d’un/de facteurs normalement associé(s) à la Pol II. Nous avons donc tenté de trouver un lien entre les machineries Pol I et Pol II du parasite. Pour ce faire, nous nous sommes intéressés d’une part au facteur de transcription TFIIH et d’autre part à la machinerie de transcription Pol II du trypanosome.
Le facteur TFIIH est un facteur de transcription qui interagit avec la Pol II mais aussi avec la Pol I chez d’autres eucaryotes. Il nous semblait donc être un bon facteur potentiel de lien entre les deux machineries de transcription. Nous avons dans un premier temps mis en évidence que six des dix sous-unités humaines de ce complexe ont des homologues chez le parasite et que au moins quatre d’entre elles forment un complexe. Nous avons ensuite montré que la présence de TFIIH est importante pour la transcription des gènes Pol II du parasite. Sa fonction dans la transcription des gènes Pol I devra être confirmée.
Par ailleurs, nous avons caractérisé la composition du complexe Pol II du parasite ce qui nous permet de conclure que la composition globale de la Pol II du parasite est conservée par rapport à celle de l’homme et de la levure. Nous avons aussi montré que la sous-unité RPB5 qui interagit avec le complexe Pol II n’est pas la même que celle qui interagit avec le complexe Pol I. Le trypanosome possède en effet deux gènes codant pour deux isoformes de RPB5 (RPB5 et RPB5z) alors que la majorité des eucaryotes ne possèdent qu’un seul variant de cette protéine. Nous avons mis en évidence au cours de ce travail que chaque isoforme était spécifique d’un complexe de polymérase particulier. L’isoforme associée à la Pol II et à la Pol III ressemble à la protéine homologue présente chez l’homme et la levure, tandis que l’isoforme associée à la Pol I diverge de cette isoforme canonique. Le même phénomène a été mis en évidence pour la sous-unité RPB6. La présence d’isoformes divergentes spécifiquement associées à la Pol I du parasite pourraient être liées aux capacités qu’à cette holoenzyme de transcrire des gènes codant pour des protéines.
Enfin, au cours de ce travail, nous avons montré que l’inhibition de la transcription Pol II perturbait l’expression spécifique de stade des gènes codant pour les antigènes de surface. Bien que le mécanisme sous-jacent reste inconnu, il est possible que l’inhibition de la transcription Pol II, créee artificiellement dans nos expériences, mime ce qui ce passe naturellement lorsque le parasite s’apprête à changer de stade.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Placek, Katarzyna. "Contrôle épigénétique de la différentiation des cellules Th humaines." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077212.
Full textIn this work we study of the factors determining the expression of the T-bet gene, the master regulator of Th type 1 (Thl) cell development and epigenetic changes at the IL22/IL26/IFNG locus during Th cell differentiation. T cell activation induced two strong DNAsel hypersensitive sites (HS) and rapid histone acetylation at these elements in CD4+ T cells. Histone acetylation and T-bet expression were strongly inhibited by CsA and NFAT bound to a HS in vivo. IL-12 and IFN-γ signaling alone were not sufficient to induce T-bet in naive CD4+ T cells, but enhanced T-bet expression in TCR-stimulated cells. A third HS 12kb upstream of the mRNA start site in developing Thl cells was bound by IL-12-activated STAT4. Our data suggest that TBET locus remodeling and gene expression are initiated by TCR-induced NFAT recruitment and amplified by IL-12-mediated STAT4 binding to two distinct distal regulatory elements during human Thl cell development. The IL22 and IL26 genes are located close to the Thl-specific IFNG gene, suggesting that these loci may be coregulated. We found that different stimulation conditions induced transcription and different histone modification pattern of these genes. Permissive H4ac and H3K4me2 were strongly induced by TCR during in vitro differentiation of T helper cells. Cytokines may influence the level of these modifications at potential regulatory elements of IL22/IL26/IFNG locus. In contrast, T cell activation by TCR does not influence the level of H3K27me3 at IL22 and IL26 genes but removes H3K27me3 from the INFG locus. These observations suggest that there are different modes regulating expression of these three genes
Hocquet, Clémence. "Etude du rôle de Condensine dans le contrôle de l'expression génique chez la levure Schizosaccharomyces pombe." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEN037.
Full textCondensin is a genome organiser that shape chromosomes and promote their accurate transmission in anaphase. Several studies have related changes in RNA level when Condensin is defective, suggesting that the complex has also a role in gene expression. However, the mechanisms have remained enigmatic and we still don’t know to what extent it is related to its role in chromosome organization. During my thesis, I studied the role played by Condensin in the regulation of gene expression using S. pombe as a model system. In contrast to previous studies, my results provide compelling evidence that Condensin plays no direct role in the maintenance of the transcriptome, neither during interphase nor during mitosis in this yeast. Accordingly to previous studies, I observed changes in RNA level in cells mutated for Condensin; non coding and 3’ extended RNA accumulate. However, I showed that the changes in gene expression in post-mitotic fission yeast cells that result from Condensin inactivation are largely a consequence of chromosome missegregation during anaphase, which notably depletes the RNA-exosome from daughter cells. Crucially, preventing karyotype abnormalities in daughter cells restores a normal transcriptome despite Condensin inactivation. Thus, chromosome instability, rather than a direct role of Condensin in the transcription process, changes gene expression. This work challenges the concept of gene regulation by canonical Condensin complexes and ask for caution when studying Condensin role outside chromosome condensation in mitosis
Benayoun, Béatrice. "Etude du contrôle de l'expression et de la fonction du proto-oncogène C-MOS dans le système myogénique." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05S024.
Full textGimenez, Juliette. "Implication de la méthylation dans le contrôle de l'expression de rétrovirus endogènes humains en contextes physiologiques et pathologiques." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10222.
Full textEndogenous retroviruses are constitutive elements of most eukaryotic genomes. They represent about 400,000 loci in the human genome. HERVs are divided into distinct families on the basis of phylogenetic identities but are highly heterogeneous in structures. Their activity can be detrimental, neutral, or beneficial to the host. Majority of HERVs seems silent in somatic cells. Still, some are highly expressed in physiological contexts. Besides, a significant expression of HERVs is frequently observed in pathological contexts such as cancers. Silencing of repeated elements is supposed to occur mainly through DNA methylation. We were therefore interested by the implication of HERV regulatory region (LTR) methylation in the control of their expression. First, this study identified locus and tissues –specific HERV LTR methylation in physiological context, worth noting particular methylation modalities that control domesticated HERVs placental expression. Second, we could determine a change in intra-family LTR methylation modalities in testicular tumors leading to the autonomous reactivation of six HERV-W loci, among which a domesticated one. Thus methylation clearly influences HERVs expression, but under modalities varying upon the loci and the contexts
Plante, Lydia. "L'implication de la protéine KDM5A lors de l'expression des gènes sous le contrôle du récepteur à l'oestrogène [alpha]." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4916.
Full textLenoir, Olivia. "Contrôle du développement des cellules endocrines pancréatiques par les Histones Désacétylases." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077125.
Full textThe pancreas maintains glucose homeostasis, through hormones secretion such as insulin and somatostatin by ß and δ endocrine cells, respectively. The abnormal function of the endocrine tissue can lead to diabetes. Consequently, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms that control endocrine cell differentiation in order to develop new diabetes therapies. The objective of my thesis was to characterize the role of histone deacetylases (HDACs) during pancreas development. HDACs are epigenetic factors that control gene expression by modulating chromatin compaction state. First, we used a global strategy of HDAC inhibition, using HDAC inhibitors on pancreatic explants, to demonstrate that HDACs act at key points during pancreas development. Particularly, we showed that class I HDACs inhibition amplifies the pool of pancreatic endocrine progenitors. In order to identify the role of specific HDACs, we analyzed their expression profile and found that HDAC4, 5 and 9 are specifically expressed in ß and δ cells. Next, we studied the pancreatic phenotype of embryos from mice with a deletion of Hdac4, 5 or 9. We also developed a new model of gene transfer mediated by lentivirus to overexpress these HDACs in pancreatic explants. We demonstrated that HDAC4, 5 and 9 control the differentiation of the ß/δ endocrine lineage. These results allow to better understand the epigenetic mechanisms that control pancreatic cell differentiation
Ghislin, Stéphanie. "Contrôle épigénétique sur les capacités invasives des cellules tumorales dans le mélanome humain." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077224.
Full textThe chemotherapy currently used to treat metastatic melanoma has a very low efficiency, the study of mechanisms involved in its development is essential to develop new therapies. However it is complicated due to the existence of high plasticity, with conversions between proliferative phases and invasive phases, the latter being associated with dedifferentiation. We first showed that melanoma cells cultured in three dimensions in a defined medium for growing neurospheres were polarized to a state invasive and overexpressed Oct4 and Nanog. To explain the observed transcriptional dysregulation, we analyzed the epigenetic changes which take place in these conditions and showed significant changes at the level of histone H3. We then identified the protein PHF19 as an important factor in the phenotypic switching, but not involved in regulating the expression of Oct4 and Nanog, suggesting the involvement of at least another factor. Thus we have shown that P-Akt is an inhibitor of the expression of these two genes and an activator that of PHF19, thus suggesting a central role of Akt pathway in the phenotypic conversion. We also sought to identify some molecules involved in extra vasation of melanoma cells. We have shown that melanoma lines can express JAM-A and/or JAM-C, molecules involved in transendothelial migration in lymphocyte. Thus we have shown that JAM-A inhibits the transmigration of melanoma cells while JAM-C favors
Pichon, Bruno. "Contrôle de l'expression génique par l'AMPc dans la thyroïde :étude du rôle possible du facteur de transcription NGFI-B." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212050.
Full textPons, Eric. "Etude des mécanismes moléculaires du contrôle transcriptionnel de l'expression du gène de la glutathion peroxydase 5 dans l'épididyme murin." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF21439.
Full textIwaz, Jean. "Contrôle de la production des interleukines 1 et 2 et de l'expression des antigènes lymphocytaires par l'adénosine monophosphate cyclique." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO1T089.
Full text