Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Contrôle de performances'
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Said, Zied. "Contrôle des capitaux et performances économiques." Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOE010.
Full textIn the last two decades, the big number of financial crisis favoured a return to protectionism, mainly after the incapability of the solutions proposed by IMF to guarantee stability and prosperity. Capital control was the most used solution by the emerging countries. Although it was criticized, this policy was efficient and led to a faster recovery of the economy, in period of a crisis. As we know, the massive outflows have disastrous effects on emerging economies. For this reason, I think that establishing an automatic rule to limit access to short term funds to the local market and keeping outflows free, can solve this problem. Moreover, in period of crisis, the system of performance’s contracts could comfort governments in their choices in governance
Ayad, Houssam. "Contrôle des performances des antennes par les métamatériaux Antennas performances contro by metamaterials." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00767962.
Full textTakam, tchendjou Ghislain. "Contrôle des performances et conciliation d’erreurs dans les décodeurs d’image." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT107/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the development and implementation of error detection and correction algorithms in images, in order to control the quality of produced images at the output of digital decoders. To achieve the objectives of this work, we first study the state-of the-art of the existing approaches. Examination of classically used approaches justified the study of a set of objective methods for evaluating the visual quality of images, based on machine learning methods. These algorithms take as inputs a set of characteristics or metrics extracted from the images. Depending on the characteristics extracted from the images, and the availability or not of a reference image, two kinds of objective evaluation methods have been developed: the first based on full reference metrics, and the second based on no-reference metrics; both of them with non-specific distortions. In addition to these objective evaluation methods, a method of evaluating and improving the quality of the images based on the detection and correction of the defective pixels in the images has been implemented. The proposed results have contributed to refining visual image quality assessment methods as well as the construction of objective algorithms for detecting and correcting defective pixels compared to the various currently used methods. An implementation on an FPGA has been carried out to integrate the models with the best performances during the simulation phase
Wangani, Simon. "L'étalonnage, outil d'amélioration des performances dans les organisations publiques." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00593717.
Full textBarakat, Chadi. "Evaluation des performances du contrôle de congestion dans l'Internet." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE5622.
Full textWe study in this thesis the performance of the congestion control mechanisms of the TCP protocol. These mechanisms are very important for the stability of the Internet given the huge amount of the TCP traffic. For the purpose of our study we develop some analytical models. Our models are divided into two main groups : the end-to-end models and the network-specific models. The objective of the end-to-end models is to come up with simple expressions of the throughput of a long-life TCP connection. We try to keep our models as general as possible so that they cover the different ways with which the network drops the packets of the TCP connection. Using techniques from the theory of stochastic processes, we find explicit expressions for TCP throughput that we validate via measurements over the Internet. Concerning the network-specific models, our objective is to study the performance of TCP in challenging environments. We focus on the three environments considered in the literature as the most challenging for TCP : the large bandwidth-delay product environment, the asymmetric-bandwidth environment, and the wireless environment. For each environment, we propose an analytical model as well as some mechanisms and guidelines to improve the performance of TCP transfers. The different results of our second group of models are validated via ns simulations. The thesis also contains a presentation of the different works on TCP congestion control mechanisms since their introduction into the internet
Acosta, Francisco. "Les arbres balances : spécification, performances et contrôle de concurrence." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20201.
Full textThenail, Denis. "Contrôle actif d'impédance et optimisation des performances d'un matériau poreux." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ECDL0011.
Full textIn its most developed version, active control of sound aims to create a cancelling secondary acoustic wave, which destructively interferes with the undesired noise. The performance of this noise reduction strategy is limited by the coherance level of the acoustic field, and by the volume of the zone to be made quiet. For a "large" system, in the presence of an incoherent field, the only potentially effective method to achieve a global noise reduction is to control the acoustic impedance at the walls, and hence to maximize acoustic absorption. Our first method for the active controL of acoustic impedance consists of processing the acoustic pressure and velocity informations close to the control actuator, in order to match the impedance with that of the air. In a KUndt's tube, this method works best for very low frequency excitations. Then, the active absorber is implemented along the lateral wall of a duct. The intensity measurements taken do show the absorption by the control speaker. It is shown through numerical calculations, that sound absorption has to be performed over an extensive area of the surface, as compared to the acoustic wavelenghts in the system. Therefore, we present a second method, which uses active control means to improve the acoustic absorption by a porous layer. We demonstrate through a model and experiments, that the impedance control can be reduced to a simpler acoustic pressure control at the rear face of the absorbent material. Thus, we can consider an extensive application of active absorption of sound at lower cost, a necessary constraint for practical applications
Guerrini, Alexandre. "Evaluation des performances de systèmes d’assistance au contrôle pour la réanimation : Application au contrôle de la glycémie." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112105.
Full textThe variety of ICU patients diseases implies that technological environment of critical care is composed of many vital signs monitoring systems, allowing the medical team to determine appropriate treatment to the patient. More and more systems have a decision-making support function to reduce the mental and physical workload of nurses required for certain treatments or protocols. These computerized systems facilitate the integration of the protocol and the information available in the signals and can lead to systems of high complexity. The issue of assessing the performances and the benefit/risk balance for the patient related to the use of new support systems arises. The problem is to conduct this evaluation a priori, during the design process of the protocol or algorithm. This work provides an example of a method to support the control of blood glucose in the ICU system evaluation is conducted for the design of the control algorithm to a large-scale clinical study.The origin of the studied device comes from the fact that patients often experience hyperglycemia due to stress upon their arrival in the ICU (increased insulin resistance, administration of interacting drugs or insulin deficiency inhibit the physiological response to the blood sugar increase). A problem then is that, on the one hand, as sustained hyperglycemia is associated with an increased morbidity or mortality, controlling glycaemia reduces risks, but, on the other hand, reducing blood sugar exposes to the risk of hypoglycemia during the ICU stay. In this case, optimizing benefit/risk ratio is still an open problem.Although there are many studies on modeling the pharmacodynamics of glucose-insulin system, few works use these models to provide a functional, tested and industrialized control system. The thesis presents a glycemic control system and a generalized method of evaluation with other systems, which tests digitally technical and clinical performances of such systems on virtual patients. The results of a real clinical trial are also presented
Callandret, Elisabeth. "Analyse des performances bancaires : application au contrôle de gestion d'une banque régionale." Aix-Marseille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX32018.
Full textThis thesis deals with the legitimacy and the necessity to analyse the performances of a regional bank within the framework of a control service. The first part develops the trools permiting the analysis of the performances of a banking firm. These tools can be of an accounting, or a financial kind or resort to elaborated statistical and econometrical techniques. It also tackles the underlying methodological problems related the development of a methodology of a decomposition of profit by evaluation of performances by analysis of the intermediate balance. The second part deals with the contribution of theorical models to a regional bank. First of all the micro-economic approach is used to present various theorical models of maximisation profit under contrainst. Then the models applying the theory of portfolio to the bank will be developped. Finally, the strategie approach will be taken into account; the performances will be explained and sanctioned by commercials politics choices and strategic positionning
El, Baqqaly Sidi Ahmed. "L'apport du contrôle de gestion sociale à la performance des entreprises - cas des entreprises marocaines." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR1001/document.
Full textEven if the role of the function social management control in the improvement of the performance of companies are more and more recognized more than before, this link is still subject of several searches. Several authors tried to light this "black box". In spite of what was validated, many still remain to discover. In literature, we find various theoretical approaches through which several authors tried to validate the relevance of this link. We held the approach of possibility to identify the factors which influence the practices of the social management control in the Moroccan companies and which can consequently improve the performance of these entities
Ivanovic, Darko. "CLHP en phase inverse et spectrophotométrie dérivée appliqués au contrôle de qualité du médicament." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA114821.
Full textAncelin, Annick. "La perception des critères d'évaluation de la performance : l'importance de la relation au travail et des performances perçues." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010016.
Full textDa, Silva Goncalves Paulo André. "Communications de Groupes : analyse et performances des mécanismes d'agrégation de l'information de contrôle." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066458.
Full textSterpu, Stefan. "Contrôle de performances de producteurs indépendants pour une meilleure sécurité des réseaux électriques." Grenoble INPG, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005INPG0062.
Full textThe electric systems and the associated infrastructures interfere more and more one another and the global vulnerability increases. Due to the complexity and connectivity, a single infrastructure failure could have cascading effects. The transmission system operators guarantee the electric power systems operational security. In order to administrate it as well as possible, system operators use as tools the ‘ancillary services', supplementary functions performed, as a support for their basic services, by the same equipments that produce and transmit the fundamental electricity commodity. In the nowadays deregulation context, new independent power producers demand the connection to the transmission and distribution grid. These new producers are constrained to participate to ancillary services. In order to maintain the grid security and reliability, to allow the commercial transactions correct functioning, system operators are responsible of the ancillary services existence in appropriate quantities and of the power producers control in terms of ancillary services participation ratio. This PhD thesis proposes a power producers' performance control based on parameter estimation starting from disturbances measurements
Badolo, Leopold Bawala. "Estime de soi, locus de contrôle et performances scolaires chez des élèves burkinabé de CM2 et de 3ème." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3110/document.
Full textThe Burkina Faso faces the recurrence of poor academic performance, which is a serious threat to economic and social development. The explanations we give to this observation involve economic factors, political, social, educational, geographical. Very little attention is paid to psychology. But scholarly research is sufficiently instructive today on the seminal role of psychological factor in shaping human behavior in general, in the school conducted in a specific way. Among the psychological factors whose role is emphasized in the literature, there is the self-esteem and locus of control. This research will examine the links between these psychological variables and performance among learners in the beginning and the end of adolescence, in the socio-economic-cultural context of Burkina Faso. Using questionnaires of self-esteem and locus of control questionnaires, we conducted a series of three studies on a sample of six hundred and eighty six male and female students of CM2 and third. School performance was measured from notes in class Assessment situation and in a situation of independent evaluation. Data collected and analyzed highlight links, overall, modest between self-esteem and school performance between locus of control and academic performance throughout the three studies
Deschaintre, Stephane. "Le travail dans la performance organisationnelle : proposition d'une démarche pour étudier la performance du travail." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01E004/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on work performance, or in other words how work contributes to an organization’s performance. This topic has received little attention in the literature. However, the literature shows the complexity surrounding the notions of work and performance. Therefore, the question that this thesis seeks to answer is exploratory and methodological: "How to account for work performance within organisations?” This thesis adopts an interdisciplinary approach. It combines ergonomics and management control. The thesis develops an original, analytical framework aimed at understanding work performance using common categories in management control (discourse, measures, managerial practices) and in ergonomics (activity).The analytical framework structures the data collection methodology, which mainly relies on semi-structured interviews, documents, non-participatory observations and verbalizations. The first case study focuses on the performance of salespeople work in airports’ duty-free shops. The second case study focuses on the work performance of workers in an industrial SME.We show that using the analytical framework enables us to account for work performance and underscore the often implicit and divergent dimensions of how work contributes to organisational performance. We also highlight that the actors’ representations of work performance are partially independent of those conveyed by the measures. Finally, the thesis demonstrates that work and its performance are a legitimate and relevant research object in management control
Abi, Fadel Rima. "Analyse des performances et contrôle d'accès à un canal satellite Low Earth Orbit LEO." Paris, ENST, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENST0007.
Full textThe complex problem of admission control in a multi service low earth orbit satellite constellation is addressed and examined at different time scales. Such constellations present the main advantage of a possible interconnection with the terrestrial part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System, ensuring its global access. The radio resource being a rare and expensive one, it is important to share it efficiently between different users with different needs. Three service classes are considered: voice, data with guarantees and data with no guarantees requirements at all. Service at different time scales is considered starting with the call level for all classes, then the service at the burst level is proposed and finally at the packet level, intermediate combinations of mixed service levels are also examined
Mouniq, Pierre-Jean. "Les systèmes de contrôle de la responsabilité sociale des entreprises : Réalités, déterminants et performances." Paris 9, 2009. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090033.
Full textThe term sustainable development is today, at least in France, familiar to the general public. It was used, explained and adapted by several actors in society. The government, the media and NGOs are now carrying this concept, which generates multiple pressures on the company to modify its behavior. The company must become more accountable. But beyond words, what does it do? Does it adapt its structures, its information system or its culture in terms of constraints? Are there different types of control systems? If so, why they occur and what are their impacts on corporate performances? To answer these questions, we will build a contingency model and we will offer a typology of corporate social responsibility control systems. This typology will allow to describe and to explain the corporate social responsibility control systems of the major European companies
Nguyen, Van Tien. "Facteurs et performances des prises de contrôle : Le cas de la France (1987-2004)." Paris 9, 2005. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2005PA090057.
Full textWhy do firms continue to realize M&A, knowing that these may be not beneficial to their shareholders? This question has enabled us to identify the underlying motives and to assess stock returns and financial performances of the bidders and their determining factors. The thesis considered all M&As that took place in the 1987 − 2004 period in France and is organized in two parts. The first one is devoted to the theoretical framework. The literature review (chapter 1) revealed some weaknesses of French research on the subject, which led us to reconsider the entire wave of external growth and takeover bids in France (chapter 2). All our working hypothesis are presented in the chapter 3. The second one is reserved for our analyses based on the stock data (chapter 4) and the accounting data (chapter 5) of 388 firms. The announcement returns are evaluated for both acquiring and acquired firms. On the long run, the financial efficiency of the bidders is appreciated not only by the BAH returns but also by the accounting ratios
Rengifo, cadavid Carolina. "Contrôle plateforme pour la validation du véhicule autonome sur simulateur dynamique à hautes performances." Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAE023.
Full textThe work presented in this manuscript takes part in the context of driving simulation and more specifically in the one of dynamic driving simulators used for the validation of advanced systems and the autonomous vehicle. In order to address the issues of performance and motion perception, we have presented different approaches to improve the Motion Cueing Algorithms (MCA). All our studies show that the model predictive control (MPC) strategy is the best choice to MCA on high-performance driving simulators. Indeed, compared to other strategies, it allows to better take advantage of the workspace without endangering the simulator and/or the driver. However, in this MCA, the real-time optimization and the perception model must be guaranteed in order to improve the driver's immersion in the virtual environment. Therefore, we compared different techniques to solve constrained optimization problems. We proposed a based optimization technique, which provides an intuitive and fast solution to the MPC constrained optimization problem. Finally, we established recommendations for MCA parameterization according to the self-declared driving behavior allowing a better perception of motion in a driving simulator, in interactive driving and in autonomous mode
Saied, Hussein. "On control of parallel robots for high dynamic performances : from design to experiments." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS110.
Full textParallel Kinematic Manipulators (PKMs) have gained an increased popularity in thelast few decades. This interest has been stimulated by the significant advantages of PKMscompared to their serial counterparts, such as better precision and higher accelerationcapabilities. Efficient and performant control algorithms play a crucial role in improvingthe overall performance of PKMs. Control of PKMs is often considered in the literature achallenging task due to their highly nonlinear dynamics, abundant uncertainties, parametersvariation, and actuation redundancy. In this thesis, we aim at improving the dynamicperformance of PKMs in terms of precision and robustness towards changes of operatingconditions. Thus, we propose robust control strategies being extensions of (i) the standardRobust Integral of the Sign of the Error (RISE) feedback control and (ii) the super-twistingSliding Mode Control (SMC). Moreover, an actuator and friction dynamics formulation isproposed within a model-based control strategy to compensate for their resulting errors.Lyaponuv-based stability analysis is established for all the proposed controllers verifyingthe asymptotic convergence of the tracking errors. In order to validate the proposed controllers,real-time experiments are conducted on several parallel robot prototypes: the 3-DOF Delta robot at EPFL, Switzerland, the 4-DOF VELOCE robot, and the 5-DOF SPIDER4robot at LIRMM, France. Several experiments are tested including nominal scenarios, robustnesstowards speed variation, and robustness towards payload changes. The relevanceof the proposed control schemes is proved through the improvement of the tracking errorsat different dynamic operating conditions
Richier, Robert. "Contrôle optique d'empilements multidiélectriques : optimisation des performances par l'utilisation conjointe de méthodes expériementales et numériques." Aix-Marseille 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX30067.
Full textMartins, Goncalves Philippe. "Architectures de contrôle et middleware pour les réseaux de prochaines générations et évaluation de performances." Paris, ENST, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ENST0024.
Full textSprimont, Pierre-Antoine. "Contrôle et performances des forces de vente : une analyse en termes d'ajustements stratégiques et contextuels." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2003/50374-2003-9.pdf.
Full textSekkat, Moussif. "Contrôle des aminoglucosides dans les formes pharmaceutiques par chromatographie liquide." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON13512.
Full textPassalacqua, Olivier. "contrôle et implantation des systèmes répartis de fusion d'informations." Phd thesis, Chambéry, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00449751.
Full textPeyre, Thierry. "Evaluation de performances sur le standard IEEE802.16e WiMAX." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00796477.
Full textBongrand, Arthur. "Etudes des performances d'un détecteur dédié au contrôle balistique lors des traitements d'hadronthérapie par simulation Monte-Carlo." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC094.
Full textThe use of ion beams (protons or light ions) makes it possible to obtain, during treatment, a localised energy deposit at the end of the treatment in a small area of space. The preferred targets for this therapy are "radioresistant" tumours or treatments requiring very precise ballistics, due to the presence of high-risk organs close to the tumour. However, as the determination of the ion path and thus the delivered dose is dependent on quantities that are difficult to measure precisely, large safety margins must be taken into account when designing the treatment plan. Consequently, it is necessary to set up an efficient ballistic control system in order to guarantee the quality of the treatment. One of the possibilities for ballistic control is based on the real-time measurement of the spatial distribution of positron-emitting radionuclides produced by the fragmentation reaction between the projectile and the target and thus on the coincident detection of two photons. For this purpose, a first prototype called Large Area Pixelized Detector (LAPD) was designed and built at the Clermont Physics Laboratory. Initially, this work allowed to compare the predictions of two hadronic models implemented in Geant4 with experimental measurements performed by Dendooven et al. at 55 MeV. We then focused on characterizing the performance of the LAPD and determining its potential when used in a clinical beam. For this purpose, we developed a Monte-Carlo simulation dedicated to understand the associated physics, the detector and the experiments carried out on 65 MeV proton beam at the Institut Mediterranéen de Protonthérapie (IMPT) in Nice. Finally, as the LPAD will eventually be coupled with a high-bandwidth acquisition system (μTCA) allowing the sending and processing of the measured data in real time, we have made a study of the performances expected on the PROTEUS ONE line of the IMPT at 120 and 230 MeV
Ma, Biyun. "Contribution à l'optimisation des performances des systèmes de communication par contrôle conjoint du filtrage et du rayonnement." Nantes, 2010. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=d78ab10f-5abd-4aa5-8285-265d139c57f0.
Full textThe development of mobile communication systems impose, for multi-standard systems, to develop technologies leading to low-cost RF front ends of very small size always more efficient. In this thesis, we present a new methodology for designing an integrated antenna with controlled bandwidth. This approach is based on validating the electric equivalent circuit of a planar resonator, resonator with a radiation Q factor depending on the geometry. The equivalent circuit is validated by experiment and is used to synthesize, in a first step, a low losses filter. Then, a filter with high radiation losses is designed. The results are used to design a “band controlled” antenna. As, the overall approach is validated, some cases allowing to deal with current and future needs of communications systems are theoretically analyzed and prospects are proposed
Tosoni, Julian. "Compréhension des facteurs de contrôle des performances de la déshydratation mécanique des boues résiduaires en filtre-presse." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22650/document.
Full textAs more and more sewage sludge are generated, understanding and optimization of mechanical dewatering processes is crucial. Their performances affect both plant management and its environmental and economic impacts. Indeed, dryness of dewatered sludge strongly impacts processes for agronomic and energetic recovery (composting, direct agricultural recycling, incineration ...) and their direct and indirect environmental impacts (volumes to transport...). In addition, the filtrates have to be treated by the wastewater treatment plant, and their composition significantly affects its operating. Filter presses are one of the most common mechanical dewatering processes operated for sludge treatment in wastewater treatment plant. Their performance depends on their operating parameters and sludge properties. However, current knowledge is insufficient (1) to explain why some sludges are easier or harder to dewater than others, and (2) to link these phenomena to processes that carry out during the mechanical dewatering. Hence, dewatering works like a black box from which it is difficult to predict the efficiency of a dewatering tool performed with a particular sludge and to anticipate operating problems. In this context, the objective of this thesis was to understand witch factors drive the efficiency of mechanical dewatering of sewage sludge in the filter press and how they impact the process. First, the impact of operating parameters of filter presses on their efficiency was investigated in cross-flow filtration cell (lab-scale cross-flow filtration cell reproducing processes that occur in an industrial filter press). This work allowed the classification of the operating parameters according to their impact on the dewatering performances. This study highlighted that the most sensitive parameter is the cake thickness followed by pressure. The impact of these parameters is partially linked with their influence on the pressure gradient even if it should be considered in 3D to explain the results. Secondly, the study of the impact of sludge properties on dewatering performances was carried out. In this thesis, this work focuses on the impact of one of the processes which modifies most significantly sludge properties: anaerobic digestion. The objective of this work was to identify how hydraulic retention time (HRT) in the digester affects physicochemical properties of sludge and dewatering performance. Results demonstrated that when the HRT increases from 0 to a critical HRT (HRTcritical), sludge dewaterability decreases. Beyond this HRTcritical, it increases without reaching cake dryness of the raw sludge. These phenomena could be linked to a change in osmotic balance between the flocs and the bulk solution, combined with a modification of the soluble exopolymer matrix of flocs. Finally, a numerical model, allowing the simulation of sludge dewatering was implemented with COMSOL multiphysics®. Equation system takes into account the main factors that affect performances previously identified. After parameter calibration on a single dewatering experiment at 8 bars, the model allows the prediction of cake dryness for any pressure between 3 and 15 bars
Sun, Qi. "Analyse de Performances de Régulateurs de Vitesse Adaptatifs Coopératifs." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ECLI0020/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis is dedicated to the performance analysis of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) system for intelligent vehicle platoon with the main aims of alleviating traffic congestion and improving traffic safety. At first, the Constant Time Headway (CTH) spacing policy for vehicle platoon is introduced. Based on this spacing policy, a novel decentralized Two-Vehicle-Ahead CACC (TVACACC) system is proposed, in which the desired acceleration of two front vehicles is taken into account. Then the string stability of the proposed system is theoretically analyzed. It is shown that by using the multiple wireless communication among vehicles, a better string stability is obtained compared to the conventional system. Vehicle platoon in Stop-and-Go scenario is simulated with both normal and degraded communication.Secondly, a graceful degradation technique for CACC was presented, as an alternative fallback strategy when wireless communication is lost or badly degraded. The proposed strategy, which is referred to DTVACACC, uses Kalman filter to estimate the preceding vehicle’s current acceleration as a replacement of the desired acceleration. It is shown that the performance is maintained at a much higher level.Finally, a Reinforcement Learning (RL) approach of CACC system is proposed. The policy-gradient algorithm is introduced to achieve the longitudinal control. Then simulation has shown that this new RL approach results in efficient performance for CACC
Fillet, Dorothée. "Niveau de contrôle par l'apprenant de son épisode d'apprentissage hypermédia : influences sur son activité métacognitive et ses performances." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00565852.
Full textFillet, Dorothée. "Niveau de contrôle par l’apprenant de son épisode d’apprentissage hypermédia : Influences sur son activité métacognitive et ses performances." Rennes 2, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00565852/fr/.
Full textA high level of learner control characterizes hypermedia learning environments. However this increased control over access to information is not equally beneficial to all learners depending on interindividual differences. This thesis aims at determining factors influencing the use of control functions in a hypermedia learning environment and understanding how these factors have an impact on both hypermedia use and learning outcomes. The first experiments underlined the importance of prior domain knowledge level. Indeed, low knowledgeable learners adopted inappropriate reading strategy during hypermedia learning (Study 1) However we observed that they had more relevant navigation behaviors and better comprehension outcomes when control was limited (Study 2). They were also more accurate when assessing their understanding of information at the end of the learning session (Study 3) An eye-tracking method and a thinkaloud protocol were jointly used and results indicated that they had a greater metacognitive activity during learning (Study 4) Thus cognitive load linked to hypermedia using activity and relevance of information processing were affected by the level of learner control (Study 5). Once coherence of this serie of experiments has been established (Study 6), outcomes and design issues are discussed
Huby, Nolwenn. "Optimisation des performances d'OLEDs à base de dérivés du silole par le contrôle des structures moléculaire et supramoléculaire." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13177.
Full textRouifed, Soraya. "Bases scientifiques pour un contrôle des renouées asiatiques : performances du complexe hybride Fallopia en réponse aux contraintes environnementales." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10006.
Full textPlant growth is a dynamic process that responds to environmental characteristics. The decrease of the plant biomass production induced by various stresses, disturbance, or competition, determines the tolerance to these constraints. In the case of invasive plants, assessing this tolerance is crucial to determine invasibility and to find prevention or control methods. The taxa of the genus Fallopia are here considered in the context of the invasion of the Loire department. Their responses to nutrient stress, salt stress, and disturbance are associated with environmental conditions favouring or limiting the invasion. The results give some evidences about mechanisms implied in the success of Fallopia spp and about the effectiveness of different prevention or control methods
Naouar, Mohamed Wissem. "Commande numérique à base de composants FPGA d’une machine synchrone : Algorithmes de contrôle du courant." Cergy-Pontoise, 2007. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/07CERG0344.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this work is to present the interest of using hardware solutions such as FPGAs for the digital implementation of control algorithms of electrical machines. For this reason, a methodical approach based on an appropriate design methodology is firstly presented and discussed. This design methodology allowed the realization of a specific library, composed of reusable hardware architectures, which is dedicated to the control of electrical machines. It also allowed the FPGA implementation of several current control algorithms of a synchronous machine. The implemented current control techniques are: ON/OFF current controllers ; Predictive current controllers ; PI current controllers ; Sliding mode current controllers. The operating mode corresponding to each one of the designed hardware architectures is studied and presented throughout this memory. The contribution and the benefits of FPGA components in the control of electrical machines are also analyzed and discussed
Maurel, Céline. "Analyse et modélisation des performances de capteurs microacoustiques spécifiques adaptées à l'adhérence de couches minces sur substrat." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20199.
Full textTani, Fatima. "Periodic control of multi-specific bioreactors in order to optimize their performances." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS058.
Full textThe contributions of the thesis are in two parts. We first consider a periodic optimal control problem governed by a one-dimensional system, linear with respect to the control variable and satisfying an integral constraint. We give sufficient conditions for over-yielding that consists inimproving the criterion at steady state with a constant control ū by considering a periodic control u with average value equal to ū. We use Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle to provide the optimal synthesis of periodic strategies satisfying the integral constraint. Convexity and monotonicity assumptions are playing a crucial role. Theses results are applied to the chemostat model where the goal is to improve the averaged water quality using periodic removal rate under integral constraint on the total amount of water to be treated. We prove also a duality property allowing to consider a dual problem, which consists in improving the total quantity of treated water over a given time period, compared to steady-state, by considering periodic operation under integral constraint on the water quality. Based on these results, we proposed a robust algorithm that distinguishes between two types of kinetics and combines stationary and periodic operations.In another context, we show how resilience in the chemostat model in presence of a species invader can be guaranteed in a weak sense. We give aconstruction of a time varying removal rate allowing the resident speciesto come back above a fixed threshold, an infinite number of times, eventhough the invader can never be totally eradicated. With this control, weshow that the time spent by the resident species above the threshold is ofinfinite measure, and thus the control is said to be "weakly resilient". Weshow that there exists an unique periodic solution of the system associatedwith such a time-varying removal rate and conjecture that any other trajectory converges asymptotically to this periodic solution. Finally, we show that this can be achieved by a hybrid feedback controller based on very few knowledge on the growth characteristics of the species
Ismaël, Amina. "Une évaluation des performances analytiques de la spectroscopie sur plasma induit par laser (LIBS)." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14357/document.
Full textLaser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is an elemental analytical technique which combines laser ablation with atomic emission spectroscopy. LIBS spectroscopy has many advantages but is not recognized as a fully quantitative method. Indeed, the problem of samples' heterogeneity, matrix effects, self-absorption of emission lines and the lack of repeatability deteriorate the analytical performances of LIBS. In order to improve this technique, the work presented in this thesis includes an example of analytical performances evaluation with the use of quality notions of a laboratory LIBS system. The method is here specially applied to the analysis of certified steel samples. A first study deals with the optimization of the LIBS system for the quantitative analysis. As the effect of the different experimental parameters on LIBS signal is complex, a methodical protocol is necessary. Here, a parametric study is proposed to determine the experimental conditions suitable for quantitative analysis. Once optimized, the LIBS method is then characterized with basics of method validation. The trueness and the precision of the method are evaluated in conditions of repeatability and intermediate precision. This study shows promising results for LIBS technique. The application of a control chart reveals however an instability of the laboratory system and enables to introduce corrective actions to improve its analytical performances
Jahanpour, Emilie. "Développement et mise en œuvre d’une approche psycho-physio-acoustique pour le contrôle temps réel de l’impact du bruit en cabine d’hélicoptère." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ESAE0045.
Full textEnvironmental noise has well-known effects on humans. In the short term, it can be a source of stress, fatigue, or decreased alertness. However, the literature shows complex effects, it can, for example, be a source of pleasure and motivation. In the field of helicopter acoustics, cabin noise is particular because it has a wide frequency range (10-10000Hz). The noise of the main transmission gearbox is particularly unpleasant because it is tonal noise in frequency ranges (500-3000 Hz) close to speech (200-6000 Hz) to which humans are very sensitive. Passengers want to be able to work, read and rest without being annoyed, so one challenge for manufacturers is to improve sound comfort in the cabin. To reduce this noise, one solution is to use active noise control. Airbus Helicopters has developed a headrest system integrating speakers and microphones to generate an area around the passenger's head in which active noise control is performed. The addition of a multi-tone algorithm, designed to filter only emerging tones, allows a gain up to 4 dB(A), which represents a 15% reduction in discomfort. The purpose of this thesis was to define whether it is relevant to filter all these tones according to the passenger's current activity. In other words, this thesis aimed to better understand the impact of different helicopter cabin noises on cognitive performance and passenger comfort through subjective, behavioural (performance, oculometry) and psychophysiological (electroencephalography, electrocardiography) measurements. In order to simulate a passenger's activity, three tasks were selected: a "working" task (combining mental calculation, reasoning, and working memory), a reading task and finally a resting task. The results were compared with those obtained by the acoustic comfort scale developed by Airbus Helicopters. We find a good correspondence between this scale and our results. In addition, our behavioural and psychophysiological results show that, generally short exposure to helicopter noises has limited deleterious effects on task performance and creates only a slight increase in stress level, observable through the cerebral and cardiac activity. However, the subjective feeling is most impacted by noise, with a negative feeling associated to the noises with the most tones
Zeaiter, Diana. "Prédiction de l'insatisfaction des utilisateurs liée aux performances des applications de l'Internet." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066683.
Full textNetwork disruptions can adversely impact a user's web browsing, cause video and audio interruptions, or render web sites and services unreachable. Such problems are frustrating to Internet users, who are oblivious to the underlying problems, but completely exposed to the service degradations. This thesis develops a methodology to automatically predict user dissatisfaction with network application performance. We follow an empirical approach. We design HostView to collect network performance data annotated with user feedback at the end-hosts. Our first contribution is to present the results of a survey we did with 400 computer scientists to collect their perspectives on privacy issues and willingness to provide feedback. Guided by the survey results, we implement a first prototype of HostView to evaluate the CPU overhead of candidate techniques to collect network performance data. Then, we implement a second prototype of HostView to tune our algorithm for collecting user feedback to minimize the user annoyance. We recruit users in a large-scale release of HostView. Our user population connects from different networking environments (e. G. , work, home, or coffee shop). Thus, we investigate if the network performance depends on the networking environment. Our third contribution is to show that for most users RTTs and download data rates are significantly different across networking environments. The mix of application determines data rates but it is the environment that determines RTTs. Finally, our fourth contribution is to develop predictors of user dissatisfaction with network application performance. Our predictors consistently achieve true positive rates above 0. 9
Alhakim, Rshdee. "Optimisation des Performances de Réseaux de Capteurs Dynamiques par le Contrôle de Synchronisation dans les Systems Ultra Large Bande." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838742.
Full textMarie, Alexandre. "Contrôle et intensification des transferts par voie capillaire : conception et analyse d'un évaporateur à performances thermique et hydraulique découplées." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30015.
Full textGiven the "more electrical aircraft" industrial problematic, the thermal management of multiple and scattered dissipative components appears to be a crucial technological issue. In particular, the use of multiple evaporators, integrated into a unique cooling system, is frequently considered. However, actual control of the vaporization phenomenon occuring in an evaporator which is supplied in liquid by an external source (imposed by the complete cooling system) is still problematic. Considering that it is necessary to overcome this limit to optimize the associated thermal and hydraulic performances, a particular evaporator architecture has been considered. This architecture, based on the utilization of local capillary pumping, may indeed allow the expansion and evaporation of liquid films on a heated surface independantly from the liquid flow rate supplied to the device. To this end, a dedicated experimental system has been set up. It consists of an evaporator designed according to such an architecture and an associated test bench allowing the characterization of both the thermal and hydraulic behavior of the prototype. The experimental results allowed to describe the general operation of the device in terms of liquid and vapor phase repartition, whereas temperature and pressure measurements allowed to quantify the hydraulic equilibriums and heat transfer coefficients associated to this configuration. Simultaneously with this experimental approach, several modeling efforts have been conducted. First, an analytical model of the hydraulic equilibrium associated to the evaporator assembly permitted to quantify the mechanisms that cause the distinct operating modes observed as well as predicting their limits. Then, a numerical resolution of the liquid flow and heat transfer occuring on the heated surface has been developed to assess the influence of different physical parameters on the measured heat transfer coefficients. Finally, a first procedure allowing a geometric optimization of capillary structures adapted to this experimental configuration has been established in the objective of enhancing the evaporative heat transfer and/or extending the operating range of the device
Alhakim, Rshdee. "Optimisation des performances de réseaux de capteurs dynamiques par le contrôle de synchronisation dans les systèmes ultra large bande." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENT101/document.
Full textThe basic concept of Impulse-Radio UWB (IR-UWB) technology is to transmit and receive baseband impulse waveform streams of very low power density and ultra-short duration pulses (typically at nanosecond scale). These properties of UWB give rise to fine time-domain resolution, rich multipath diversity, low power and low cost on-chip implementation facility, high secure and safety, enhanced penetration capability, high user capacity, and potential spectrum compatibility with existing narrowband systems. Due to all these features, UWB technology has been considered as a feasible technology for WSN applications. While UWB has many reasons to make it a useful and exciting technology for wireless sensor networks and many other applications, it also has some challenges which must be overcome for it to become a popular approach, such as interference from other UWB users, accurate modelling of the UWB channel in various environments, wideband RF component (antennas, low noise amplifiers) designs, accurate synchronization, high sampling rate for digital implementations, and so on. In this thesis, we will focus only on one of the most critical issues in ultra wideband systems: Timing Synchronization
Arnal, Etienne. "Modélisation et commande hiérarchisées du bâtiment pour l'amélioration des performances énergétiques, thermiques et optiques." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00873975.
Full textAbbood, Ayat. "Apport de nouvelles phases stationnaires dans le contrôle qualité des peptides à visée thérapeutique." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA114829.
Full textThe production of “peptide-drug” and recombinant proteins is growing in the pharmaceutical industry. The solid phase synthesis of peptides leads to the formation of related substances of similar structure of the target peptide, hence the need for rigorous quality control. Regarding the recombinant proteins, their quality control is generally performed by peptide mapping, which corresponds to the analysis of peptide fragments resulted from the enzymatic digestion of the protein. For the detection of related substances or degradation products of peptides, analytical methods able to distinguish similar structurally products should be proposed for quality control at all stages of product development. Reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-RP) is the most common method used either for determining the purity of synthetic peptides or for the peptide mapping of a protein. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the contribution of new stationary phases in peptide analysis. Different types of particulate or monolithic stationary phases were studied: mixed, hydrophilic interaction and ion-exchange phases. Peptides of different physico-chemical properties or of closed structure (enkephalins) have been studied. Application to the separation of a target peptide (dalargin) from its synthetic impurities has been performed
Peyre, Thierry. "Evaluation de performances sur le standard IEEE802. 16e WiMAX." Avignon, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00796477.
Full textThe last decade witnessed the peak of the hertzian communications. The following ones will undoubtedly testify the intensive deployment and the development of all wireless ways of transmission. Due to cheaper equipments, the people are now used with all sorts of connected objects : laptop, smartphone, pad, and more recently, Connected Video display and audio diffusers. All these stuffs allow to keep an access to internet, even in a nomad use. This economical and sociological context promotes the emerging of new solutions metting latent needs by offering better performances. Consumer studies highlight particularly the lack of transmissions solution for Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN). Ad-hoc wireless solutions lead to satisfy the MAN needs, but the throughput is too importantly related to the ad-hoc customer capacity and density over the MAN coverage. The IEEE consortium seeks, through its IEEE802. 16e standart, to provide a wireless transmission technology specifically design for the middle range network. Knowed as WiMAX, this system are based on a point to multipoint architecture. WiMAX standart gathers Base Station (BS) and Subscriber Stations (SS), and defines for both the Physical and MAC layer in the OSI Model. In addition, the standart proposes a set of default parameters for the two first OSI Layers. As any emerging standart, the IEEE802. 16e suffers form a lack of litterature (works, studies and enhancement proposals). More studies are explicitly needed to craft and tune the IEEE802. 16e standart in order to better answer to the specific issues met in the actual context of transmission. In a first step, we present in a large scale the IEEE802. 16e standart specifications. In addition we highlight the main state of art linked to this subject. Second, we propose an original performance model, the first one that takes in account all the MAC layer parameters of the standart. Based on this model, we lead a general and exhaustive performance study of each communication parameters. This study highlights the importance of each parameters and propose some enhancements in fonction of the type of Quality of Service (QoS). In addition, we introduce an call engaging mecanism which respects the QoS on the MAC layer. In a last part, we compute the IEEE802. 16e capacity to manage the incoming and leaving calls. We perform this study by introducing a new Connection Admission Control (CAC). The CAC algorithm achieves sevral objectives : prevent from the lack of ressource for the lowest priority flows as well as optimize the radio resource consumption to facilitate the access for the users. Our study is concluded by proposing an new capacity model and algorithm for the CAC. Moreover, this last proposal prevents the call drop due to user mobility
El, Ouazzani Redouan Chahdi. "Modélisation et analyse des performances des systèmes de production utilisant des stocks tampons à capacités finies." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19025.
Full textDehbi, Youssef. "Contrôle d'accès et qualité de service dans les réseaux ad hoc multimédia." Thesis, Dijon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010DIJOS041.
Full textThis thesis deals with access control and quality of service (QoS) issues in ad hoc networks. In the first part, we propose enhancements of the legacy 802.11 standard which lacks of QoS. For admission control, we propose a scheduling algorithm for multimedia traffic, in which priority is provided to packets with a less strict way than the EDF algorithm, and we compare both algorithms by simulation. For access control, we propose an algorithm that tunes dynamically the contention window, and we use simulations to show improvement of fairness between stations. Then we are interested in service differentiation, and we analyze the coexistence of two service classes having their contention window evolving in different ways, and we evaluate their performances in terms of throughput and mean delay. This leads us, in the second part of this thesis, to present a complete study of service differentiation in the 802.11e amendment. We propose a general analytical framework in which we model the EDCA access scheme by Markov chains. We define and study four differentiation schemes and evaluate class performances in terms of throughput, mean delay and drop ratio. Using approximations for large networks, we derive, for a given class performance index, a simple expression of this index in the other classes. That allows us to determine the relationship between class performances, and compare the differentiation schemes even if the nature of their parameters is different. Moreover, we determine analytically and verify by simulation equivalence conditions, between differentiation schemes based on backoff time distribution, that produce the same performances in terms of throughput, mean delay and drop ratio. Then, in these conditions, we analyze the effect of backoff time distribution on jitter. Our results are important tools for decision making in order to meet QoS objectives
Pedra, Lucile. "Progiciels de gestion intégrés et processus de contrôle de gestion : essai d'analyse et d'approche empirique." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20146.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to study the links between the installation of ERP and the management control process. It is in particular a question of looking in which measure the various facets of control evolve further to the introduction of an ERP. It is mutually a question of wondering about the way the control process direct possibly the introduction and the evolution of ERP. The combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods suggests a bigger autonomy of the operational managers in the access to the data. ERP seem to allow them to elaborate, more completely and in a more reliable way, the performances representations necessary to manage their center of responsibility. ERP so entail a wider and better understood diffusion of management control terms in organizations. The operational managers seem to remain nevertheless sometimes dependent on management controllers to understand or interpret the data, indeed to coordinate with the other executives. Freed from routine tasks of data collection, the management controllers seem to be so brought to direct more strongly choices in management of the middle managers. The installation of ERP so tends to clarify and to develop the role of translator and agent of the management controllers