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Abouda, Salim. "Contribution à la commande des systèmes photovoltaiques : application aux systèmes de pompages." Thesis, Reims, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REIMS005/document.
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L'objectif des travaux présentés dans cette thèse est d'apporter une contribution à l'étude d'un système photovoltaïque fonctionnant à sa puissance maximale et énergétiquement autonome. Le cas étudié, dans cette thèse, concerne la commande d'une chaine de pompage photovoltaïque dans un site isolé. Dans ce sens, et pour que le système photovoltaïque fonctionne à sa puissance maximale, il doit comporter un étage d'adaptation associé à un algorithme MPPT. Dans notre étude, nous avons utilisé deux algorithmes MPPT, l'algorithme “Perturb and Observe” (P&O) puis l'algorithme “ Increment of Conductance” (IncCond). Dans quelques applications industrielles, il est parfois nécessaire de maintenir la tension délivrée par le système photovoltaïque constante. Pour cela, un système de contrôle de cette tension est présenté. Les méthodes utilisées pour la simulation de ce système sont basées sur l'utilisation d'un régulateur PID, puis sur le contrôle par mode glissant, et enfin sur un contrôleur par logique floue. Ce système est testé pour une charge résistive puis pour le cas d'une pompe centrifuge entrainée par un moteur à courant continu à aimant permanent. Ensuite, nous avons étudié le cas d'une chaine de pompage utilisant un moteur asynchrone triphasé comme moteur d'entrainement. Dans le but d'avoir la possibilité de régler le débit d'eau, et en se basant sur la caractéristique de proportionnalité entre la vitesse et le débit, la méthode de contrôle direct du couple, Direct Torque Control - DTC est utilisée pour la commande de la vitesse du moteur asynchroneThe aim of the work presented in this thesis is to contribute to the study of a photovoltaic system operating at its maximum power and energetically autonomous. The case studied in this thesis relates to the control of a chain of photovoltaic pumping in an isolated site. In this sense and for the PV system operates at its maximum power, it must include a converter associated with a MPPT algorithm. In our study, we used two MPPT algorithms, the algorithm “Perturb and Observe” (P & O), then the algorithm “Increment of Conductance” (IncCond). In some industrial applications, it is sometimes necessary to maintain the voltage delivered by the PV system constant. For this, a control system of this voltage is presented. The methods used for the simulation of this system are based on the use of a PID controller and the sliding mode control, and finally a fuzzy logic controller. This system was tested for a resistive load then for the case of a centrifugal pump driven by a permanent magnetic DC motor. Then we studied the case of a pumping chain using a three-phase induction motor as a drive motor. In order to be able to regulate the flow of water, the Direct Torque Control method “DTC” is used to control the speed of the induction motor because it is proportional with the water flow
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Sahnoun, Mohamed Aymen. "Contribution à la modélisation et au contrôle de trajectoire de Trackers photovoltaïques à haute concentration (HCPV)." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENAM0043/document.
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Dans une optique de maximisation de la production et de réduction des coûts d’installation, de maintenance et d’entretien des trackers solaires, qui permettent d’orienter les modules photovoltaïques à haute concentration (HCPV), ces travaux de thèse se focalisent sur l’amélioration de la précision et la réduction du coût de la stratégie de génération de la trajectoire du tracker. Dans un premier temps, un simulateur de tracker HCPV est développé offrant une étude de l’influence de la performance du suivi du soleil sur la production des modules HCPV, permettant ainsi une étude et une comparaison des stratégies de génération de trajectoires. Le simulateur est basé sur un modèle comportemental de module HCPV monté sur tracker permettant de prédire la puissance maximale du module HCPV en fonction de l’erreur de position du tracker face au soleil, de l’ensoleillement direct et de la température. Une première stratégie de commande dite de référence a été implémentée sur ce simulateur. C’est une commande hybride qui repose sur un viseur solaire pour corriger l’erreur de poursuite par un calcul astronomique. Ensuite, afin d’améliorer les performances et de réduire les coûts de cette stratégie, une nouvelle approche sans capteur est développée en se basant sur une méthode d’optimisation du gradient de puissance pour la génération de la trajectoire du tracker. Une étude complémentaire est également exposée afin de mettre en évidence des algorithmes de recherche de la puissance maximale (MPPT) pouvant offrir des temps de réponse suffisamment rapides pour ne pas affecter la qualité de l’évaluation du gradient de puissance. Dans ce contexte, une commande MPPT P&O améliorée par un réseau de neurones à complexité réduite est proposée, assurant un compromis entre précision, simplicité et rapiditéThis work focuses on improving the accuracy and on reducing the cost of the tracker generating trajectory strategy, in order to maximize the production and to reduce the installation and the maintenance cost of a solar tracker orienting high concentrated photovoltaic modules (HCPV). Initially, we propose a behavioral modeling of the HCPV module mounted on a dual axis tracker in order to study the influence of the tracking performance on the module power production. Then, this simulator can be used to test control strategies and to compare their performance. Firstly, a classical control strategy is implemented in the simulator. It is based on a hybrid control operating an astronomical calculation to follow the sun path, and a sun sensor to correct the tracking error. A sensorless strategy is proposed in this work to reduce the cost of the HCPV tracker control. This strategy is based on a gradient optimization algorithm to generate the tracker trajectory and to catch the sun path. Tested on the simulator, this strategy presents the same accuracy as the classical strategy while being less costly. The last study proposed in this thesis work concerns maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms, in order to respond to a given problem relating to the practical implementation of gradient algorithm. In this context, we propose an original optimization of the P&O MPPT control with a neural network algorithm leading to a significant reduction of the computational cost required to train it. This approach, which is ensuring a good compromise between accuracy and complexity is sufficiently fast to not affect the quality of the evaluation of the gradient
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Druga, Mirela. "Méthodologie de conception d’aérogénérateurs optimaux, à faible coût, à destination des sites isolés." Le Havre, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LEHA0021.
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Le fort accroissement du petit éolien impose la nécessité de revoir les technologies existantes afin de les adapter à un besoin en plein expansion. Cette thèse développe une démarche de conception et de dimensionnement optimal de petits systèmes éoliens. Le profil statistique de la ressource éolienne, de la consommation et des objectifs du cahier des charges sont pris en compte. Notre choix de génératrice s'est porté sur la MSAP, dans le but de maximiser l’efficacité de la conversion de l’énergie éolienne dans les topologies économiquement viables. Cette étude a permis de mettre en exergue différents scénarios possibles de conduite de ces systèmes et de prévoir la manière de prendre en considération la commande. La simulation basée sur des données de vent enregistrées a permis la validation de nos modèles en situation réelle. L’avantage de notre approche software est d’être modulable et évolutive. En choisissant les paramètres pertinents de chaque élément et en utilisant nos résultats comme base de données, une méthode d’optimisation multicritères sous contraintes pourra être appliquée. Ainsi, une bibliothèque de modèles suivant le site et sa demande énergétique sera construite. Le code développé a la capacité de générer des dimensionnements optimaux, où le coût du kWh est pris en compte, ce qui constitue un des éléments déterminants dans le choix des constructeurs et des utilisateursThe strong increase of the small wind turbine production requires the review of the existing technologies to suit the expanding need. This thesis develops a design and optimal sizing methodology of stand alone wind systems. The statistical profile of wind resource, the expected consumption and the specification targets are taken into account. Our choice of generator is based on PMSM, in order to maximize the efficiency of the wind energy conversion within economically viable topologies. This study highlights different possible scenarios to drive the system and predicts how to take into account the system control. The simulation using a recorded wind data allowed the validation of our models in real situations. Our software approach advantages are modularity and adaptability. By choosing the relevant settings for each system element and using our results as database, a multi-criteria constrained optimization method can be applied. Therefore a library of models depending on the site and its energy demand could be built in order to expand our approach. The developed code has the ability to generate optimal sizing, where the cost per kWh is taken into account, which is a critical point for manufacturers and users
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Elgendy, Mohammed Ali Mohammed. "Photovoltaic pumping systems with microcontroller-based MPPT control." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610979.
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Photovoltaic pumping systems have become a favourable solution for water supply particularly for sunny regions that have no access to an electric grid. The maximization of energy utilization of these systems via maximum power point tracking (MPPT) has not been sufficiently exploited in the literature. As a result, most commercial photovoltaic pumping systems either utilize inefficient MPPT control or do not utilize MPPT control at all thus wasting up to 50% of the available solar power depending on component matching and weather conditions. It is therefore important that the operating behaviour of these systems under MPPT control must be better understood and their reliability proven under practical operating conditions. This thesis details an investigation of the performance characteristics of directly connected photovoltaic pumping systems, systems operated at a constant array voltage, and those utilizing MPPT control. Two hill-climbing MPPT algorithms namely perturb and observe algorithm and incremental conductance algorithm were chosen because of their simplicity and ease of implementation with a low cost microcontroller/DSP. Particular focus is given to the evaluation of the practical implementation of these two MPPT algorithms and the choice of their parameters. A simple and accurate empirical model is derived for each individual component of the system and the system is simulated numerically using the MATLAB/Simulink environment. A comprehensive analysis of the stability and the performance characteristics of the system in different operation modes is presented. The various advantages and drawbacks of each MPPT control technique are identified and energy utilization efficiency is calculated for different weather conditions. Experimental operation of the system was tested using a 1080Wp photovoltaic array connected to a lkW permanent magnet de motor-centrifugal pump set. A power converter was constructed and used as a pump controller to match the motor-pump set with the PV array. A Texas Instruments TMS320F2812 DSP based eZdsp kit was used for real-time control and data acquisition. Data acquisition is accomplished utilizing the real-time data exchange feature of the DSP kit. Practical results show very good agreement with the numerical simulation of the systems.
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Jiang, Li. "Resistance Control MPPT for Smart Converter PV System." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31951.
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DC nano-grid system shows promising prospect and enjoys some advantages over AC micro-grid system. It enables easier integration of multiple renewable energy sources with multiple loads. Photovoltaic (PV) is essentially a typical renewable source that serves as main power source in DC nano-grid system. Traditional PV system includes centralized PV system, string PV system and micro-converter PV system. More recently, smart converter PV system has been introduced and shown great improvement in aspects of power generation achieved by distributed Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). It is also advantageous over micro-converter PV system due to lower cost and flexibility.
Detailed case study demonstrates that power generation efficiency can be easily compromised because of mismatch between different panels in centralized and string PV systems. In smart converter PV system, this problem can be solved due to distributed MPPT for each individual panel. The smart converter system has a very wide voltage range within which all panels can generate maximum power. The location and the width of this range are subject to change under different mismatch conditions. A second stage converter is needed to locate the array MPPT range. However, there is instability problem when doing second stage MPPT with traditional methods.
Modified methods based on conductance control and resistance control are analyzed and compared. Both methods can solve the MPPT instability problem. However, in terms of steady state performance, resistance control MPPT is more promising in terms of higher utilization ratio and faster tracking speed. It is because both methods are of inherited variable operating point step size with constant conductance or resistance perturbation step size. However, the operating point change decreases with resistance perturbation but increases with conductance perturbation otherwise. Therefore, resistance control MPPT is chosen as a good candidate. Both simulation and experimental results verifies the concept.Master of Science
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Heinen, Garrett David. "Modeling and Charging Control of a Lithium Ion Battery System for Solar Panels." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2017. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1745.
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The advancement in solar panel and battery technology makes them useful for energy supply and storage. This thesis involves the modeling and charging control of a lithium ion battery system for solar panels. The proposed model is based on the parameters and characteristics of a realistic battery and solar panel system; and the hybrid control approach combines the advantages of the adaptive incremental conductance method and the perturb and observe method to track the maximum power point of the solar panel for charging the battery unit. Computer simulation results demonstrate that this proposed approach offers a faster convergence rate than the adaptive incremental conductance method, and less steady-state error than the perturb and observe method.
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Lopez, Henrique Fioravanti Miguel. "Inversor módulo integrado utilizando um conversor CC-CC Zeta com controle MPPT FeedForward." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/3231.
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Previous issue date: 2009This work presents the study and development of a processing power system that could be used in the connection of renewable energy sources to commercial power grid. The system consists of a ZETA converter associated with a bridge inverter operating at low frequency. The Zeta converter, operating in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM), plays the main role in this arrangement, producing a rectified sinusoidal current waveform synchronized with the electric grid. The function of the full-bridge inverter, connected in cascade with the Zeta converter, is to reverse every 180° the current generated by the Zeta converter. Initially it presents the analysis of the Zeta converter operating in DCM, as well as a design criterion. Following by the control strategy and the experimental results for the proposed system are presented and discussed.
Este trabalho apresenta um estudo do conversor CC-CC Zeta operando no modo de condução descontínuo, produzindo uma corrente senoidal retificada em sua saída, corrente esta que será entregue à rede elétrica comercial através de um inversor de ponte completa operando em baixa freqüência. O conversor Zeta, em conjunto com o inversor de ponte completa, forma o inversor módulo integrado. Um controle FeedForward é utilizado para se obter a máxima potência disponível nos painéis solares. Este controle é desenvolvido através de aproximações lineares das características elétricas dos painéis solares quando nestes incidem diferentes níveis de insolação e temperatura. É apresentado neste trabalho o modelo de espaços de estados médio para o conversor Zeta operando no modo de condução descontínuo, considerando a resistência interna da maioria dos seus componentes. Simulações e resultados experimentais são apresentados.
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Lopez, Henrique Fioravanti Miguel. "Inversor m?dulo integrado utilizando um conversor CC-CC Zeta com controle MPPT FeedForward." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2009. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/3021.
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Previous issue date: 2009-08-28Este trabalho apresenta um estudo do conversor CC-CC Zeta operando no modo de condu??o descont?nuo, produzindo uma corrente senoidal retificada em sua sa?da, corrente esta que ser? entregue ? rede el?trica comercial atrav?s de um inversor de ponte completa operando em baixa freq??ncia. O conversor Zeta, em conjunto com o inversor de ponte completa, forma o inversor m?dulo integrado. Um controle FeedForward ? utilizado para se obter a m?xima pot?ncia dispon?vel nos pain?is solares. Este controle ? desenvolvido atrav?s de aproxima??es lineares das caracter?sticas el?tricas dos pain?is solares quando nestes incidem diferentes n?veis de insola??o e temperatura. ? apresentado neste trabalho o modelo de espa?os de estados m?dio para o conversor Zeta operando no modo de condu??o descont?nuo, considerando a resist?ncia interna da maioria dos seus componentes. Simula??es e resultados experimentais s?o apresentados.
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Aouchiche, Nedjma. "Conception d’une commande MPPT optimale à base d’intelligence artificielle d’un système photovoltaïque." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCA001.
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La performance du système photovoltaïque connecté au réseau est fortement affectée par les conditions environnementales auxquelles est soumis tels que les variations atmosphériques aléatoires.Le travail de cette thèse vise à améliorer les performances des contrôleurs du hacheur DC/DC et l’onduleur PV face aux changements climatiques brutaux. A cet effet, la première partie de cette thèse est consacrée à l’étude comparative entre l’algorithme de de recherche de point de puissance maximale (MPPT) suivants : (i) l’algorithme de l’incrémentale de conductance (IC), la logique floue (FL) et l’algorithme d’optimisation d’essaim de particules (PSO). Ces algorithmes sont testés sous diverses conditions atmosphériques telles que l’ombrage partiel et évaluées en termes d’efficacité, de stabilité, de rapidité et de robustesse. D’après les résultats de la simulation, la PSO est meilleure par rapport à IC et FL, particulièrement durant l’ombrage partiel.La seconde partie de cette thèse a pour but l’amélioration de l’efficacité du système de contrôle DC/AC qui comprend une boucle interne de contrôle de tension de liaison DC (VDC) et une boucle de contrôle externe pour la régulation des courants directs et en quadrature (Id, Iq) fournis par la PLL. Chacune de ces deux boucles comprend un contrôleur PI dont les gains sont optimisés en utilisant des techniques méta-heuristiques afin d'améliorer les performances dynamiques du système PV triphasé connecté au réseau. Par conséquent, une étude comparative est effectuée pour les techniques méta-heuristiques proposées telles que : (i) l’algorithme d’optimisation des baleines à bosse (WOA), (ii) l’algorithme d’optimisation des loups gris (GWO), (iii) l’algorithme d’optimisation des fourmilions (ALO) et (iv) de l’algorithme d’optimisation Hétérocère-Flamme (MFO). Les résultats obtenus, via MatlabTM-Simulink, révèlent que la technique WOA proposée est plus performante que les autres techniques étudiées en termes d’efficacité et de stabilité et qui permet d’optimiser les gains des contrôleurs PI afin d’obtenir les meilleures valeurs de facteur de puissance et de THDThe grid connected the photovoltaic system performance is strongly affected by the environmental conditions that undergoes, such as random atmospheric variations.This thesis work aims to improve the DC / DC converter and the PV inverter controllers’ performance against brutal climatic fluctuations. Therefore, the first part of this thesis is devoted to the comparative study between the following maximum power point tracking algorithms (MPPT): (i) the algorithm of the Incremental of Conductance (IC), (ii) Fuzzy Logic (FL) and (iii) Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSO). These algorithms are tested under various atmospheric conditions such as partial shading and evaluated in terms of efficiency, stability, speed and robustness. According to the simulation results, PSO is superior than IC and FL, especially during partial shading.The second part of this thesis deals with improving the efficiency of the DC / AC control system which includes an internal DC link voltage control loop (VDC) and an external control loop for direct current regulation and in quadrature (Id, Iq) provided by the PLL. Each of these two loops includes a PI controller whose gains are optimized using meta-heuristic techniques to improve the dynamic performance of the three-phase PV system connected to the network. Therefore, a comparative study is carried out for proposed meta-heuristics techniques such as: (i) whale optimization algorithm (WOA), (ii) gray wolf optimization algorithm (GWO) (iii) the Ant-Lion Optimization algorithm (ALO) and (iv) of the Moth-Flame Optimization algorithm (MFO). The results obtained, via MatlabTM-Simulink, reveal that the proposed WOA technique performance is relevant than the other studied techniques in terms of efficiency, robustness and stability which optimizes the PI controllers gains in order to obtain the best power factor and THD values
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Seguel, Julio Igor Lopez. "Projeto de um sistema fotovoltaico autônomo de suprimento de energia usando técnica MPPT e controle digital." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUOS-8CYMEY.
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This work presents the design and development of a battery charger aiming at applications in autonomous photovoltaic systems of low energy consumption, using a Buck type converter with digital control for the loading process based on a digital signal processor TMS320F2812 from Texas Instruments. In order help dimensioning the converter components the photovoltaic set was simulated, its parameters were adjusted according to a commercial module and the results showed similarity with the characteristic curves provided by the manufacturer. Aiming at the maximum energy produced by the photovoltaic panels, thus reducing the charging cycle, a maximum power point tracking MPPT technique was used. In order to choose the most adequate approach, a comparative study was carried on with the three most used MPPT techniques: Constant Voltage - CV, Perturbation and Observation P&O and Incremental Conductance IncCond. The analysis was made based on simulations which have taken into account varied operation conditions of the photovoltaic set. Electrochemical batteries are the ones proposed for the converted photovoltaic energy storage. Through the analysis of the voltage and current curves of such batteries, it is clear that one needs an elaborated control strategy in order to provide an adequate charging cycle. It is desired to completely charge the batteries, within its specified limits, as fast as possible, once the daily generation period is limited. In order to guarantee a complete, fast and secure charge of the batteries, a differentiated control strategy for the Buck converter is presented. When starting the charging process with the batteries discharged, it is desired that the photovoltaic modules operate at their maximum power, so that the batteries will charge as fast as possible. When the battery voltage reaches the maximum specified value (equalizing voltage), the charging process must go on with this constant voltage level and with current limitation in order to avoid damages to the battery due to excessive gas production. A linear model for the Buck converter is obtained, based on state space averaged variables, valid for small signal perturbation around a given operating point. With this model, transfer functions were obtained, which were used for the design of the analogical compensators, which were digitalized through appropriate discrete time approaches. Simulation results obtained using Matlab, as well as experimental tests made in a prototype developed in laboratory, were carried on in order to validate the project and test the charger performance.O presente trabalho apresenta o projeto de um carregador de baterias de chumbo ácido para aplicações em sistemas fotovoltaicos autônomos de baixo consumo de energia, a partir de um conversor de potência tipo Buck, com controle digital para o processo de carregamento por meio de um processador digital de sinais TMS320F2812 de Texas Instruments. Para auxiliar o dimensionamento dos componentes do conversor de potência foi simulado o arranjo fotovoltaico, ajustados seus parâmetros ao de um módulo comercial, os resultados obtidos mostraram a concordância das curvas características simuladas e aquelas fornecidas pelo fabricante. Visando maximizar a energia produzida pelos painéis fotovoltaicos é utilizada uma técnica de rastreamento do ponto de máxima potência (MPPT - maximum power point tracking). Para a escolha da técnica MPPT foi realizado um estudo comparativo das três técnicas mais utilizadas: tensão constante (CV - Constant Voltage), perturbação e observação (P&O - Perturbation and Observation) e condutância incremental (IncCond - Incremental Conductance). A análise foi feita através de simulações que consideraram diversas condições de operação do arranjo fotovoltaico. São propostas baterias eletroquímicas para o armazenamento da energia elétrica convertida pelos painéis fotovoltaicos. Ao analisar as curvas de tensão e de corrente de uma bateria, percebe-se a necessidade de uma elaborada estratégia de controle para providenciar o carregamento. Deseja-se carregar completamente as baterias, dentro de seus limites, o mais rápido possível já que o período diário de geração de energia fotovoltaica é limitado. Para garantir o carregamento completo, rápido e seguro das baterias uma estratégia de controle diferenciada para o conversor Buck é apresentada. Na condição de bateria descarregada, é importante que o arranjo de módulos fotovoltaicos funcione no ponto de máxima potência, para aplicar o maior valor de corrente às baterias visando carregá-las o mais rápido possível. Quando a tensão da bateria atingir o valor máximo permitido pelo fabricante (tensão de equalização), o carregamento deve continuar a tensão constante com limitação de corrente para evitar danos da bateria pela formação excessiva de gás. Para o conversor Buck é apresentada a técnica das variáveis médias no espaço de estado para a obtenção de um modelo linear, válido para pequenas variações em torno do seu ponto de operação no estado permanente. Com esse modelo foram obtidas as funções de transferência necessárias para o projeto dos compensadores analógicos, os quais foram digitalizados através de técnicas de discretização visando manter um desempenho semelhante. Resultados de simulações obtidas com o programa Matlab, bem como resultados experimentais obtidos com um protótipo implementado no laboratório são usados para testar o desempenho do carregador, e seus compensadores.
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Sobreira, Júnior Pedro de Assis. "Conversor CC-CC boost entrelaçado aplicado no processamento da energia de arranjo solar fotovoltaico." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2011. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/2453.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Este trabalho apresenta o estudo e avaliação experimental do controle de uma topologia de conversor CC-CC boost entrelaçado aplicado em sistemas de geração solar fotovoltaica. A análise comparativa das duas principais técnicas de rastreamento de máxima potência possibilitou elucidar se o método de controle por tensão ou corrente terminal do painel solar fotovoltaico apresentam diferença significativa na eficiência do processo de conversão de energia solar em eletricidade. A estrutura de conversor elevador de tensão entrelaçado possibilita mitigar o efeito do sombreamento parcial em arranjos fotovoltaicos, reduzir o dimensionamento dos elementos passivos e prover rápida resposta transitória. Resultados de simulação e experimentais usando um Controlador Digital de Sinais comprovam o potencial da estrutura estudada para o condicionamento de energia em arranjos solares fotovoltaicos.
This work presents the study and experimental evaluation of the control of an interleaved boost DC-DC converter topology used in solar photovoltaic generation systems. The comparative analysis of two major techniques for tracking maximum power point allowed to elucidate whether the method of control by terminal photovoltaic voltage or current show significant difference in the efficiency of converting solar energy into electricity. The boost interleaved converter allows mitigating the effect of partial shading on photovoltaic arrays, reducing sizing of passive elements and providing fast transient response. Simulation and experimental results using a Digital Signal Controller demonstrate the potential of the studied structure for power conditioning in photovoltaic solar arrays.
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Koch, Gustavo Guilherme. "Controle escalar sensorless para sistemas de conversão de energia eólica com gerador síncrono de ímãs permanentes." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8568.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThis master thesis proposes a control method of scalar direct torque control and a technique of current control to maximize the aerodynamic efficiency of wind energy conversion systems (WECS) using permanent magnets synchronous generators (PMSG) with non-salient poles. The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is possible to apply optimum torque to the generator by just controlling the static converter. Two topologies are addressed: The first one is a boost converter, widely used in WECS, where the MPPT method is implemented by the controlling the boost inductor current; and the second is a three phase AC boost converter where the scalar direct torque control is proposed. Aims to reduce the mechanic speed sensor a work with sensorless algorithms, is proposed. First an observer in the continuous time domain in coordinates αβ is developed containing two observers: a current sliding mode whose function is to determine the electromotive force (EMF) and EMF observer which aims to determine the rotor speed based on the direct method of Lyapunov. After, in the discrete time domain, sliding mode observers of speed and rotor position are described. Simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the theoretical analysis and demonstrate the good performance of the techniques to drive PMSG.
Esta dissertação propõe um método de controle escalar direto de conjugado e uma técnica de controle de corrente para maximização da eficiência aerodinâmica de sistemas de conversão de energia eólica (WECS) que utilizam geradores síncronos de ímãs permanente (PMSG) com polos não salientes. O rastreamento do ponto de máxima potência (MPPT), impõe o conjugado ótimo ao gerador apenas por meio do controle do conversor estático. Duas topologias são abordadas: conversor boost, amplamente utilizado em WECS, em que o método de MPPT é implementado por meio do controle da corrente do indutor boost, e um conversor boost trifásico CA, com controle escalar direto de torque. Buscando reduzir os sensores mecânicos do sistema, estimadores para obtenção da velocidade e da posição rotórica são propostos. Primeiramente um observador no domínio de tempo contínuo em coordenadas αβ é desenvolvido, contendo dois observadores: um de corrente por modos deslizantes, cuja função é determinar a força eletromotriz (EMF) e um observador de EMF, baseado no método direto de Lyapunov, com objetivo de determinar a velocidade rotórica. Posteriormente são descritos observadores por modos deslizantes no domínio de tempo discreto de velocidade e posição rotórica. Resultados de simulação e experimentais são apresentados para validar a análise teórica e demonstrar o desempenho das técnicas de controle e estimação propostas.
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Karami, Nabil. "Control of a hybrid system based PEMFC and photovoltaic panels." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4356/document.
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Nos sociétés sont de plus en plus préoccupées par l’impact très nocif des ressources énergétiques polluantes, essentiellement, le pétrole, le charbon et le gaz. Ainsi, l’intérêt dans l’utilisation des énergies renouvelables et propres est en constant augmentation et la conception de nouveaux systèmes énergétiques est devenue un challenge scientifique et technologique. Pour concevoir de nouvelles solutions énergétiques compétitives et efficaces, les fabricants de composants (panneaux solaires, pile à combustible, convertisseurs, etc.) et les secteurs industriels concernés sont confrontés à des problématiques d’optimisation, de contrôle et de durabilité. Par ailleurs, les sources d’énergie renouvelable sont dépendantes de plusieurs facteurs incontrôlables (lieu géographique, météorologie, etc.). Pour parer à ces facteurs, et donc au caractère aléatoire de disponibilité énergétique, l’hybridation des sources et la gestion énergétique peut s’avérer être une approche pertinente pour la conception de solutions énergétiques efficaces. Cette thèse est une contribution au problème de l’hybridation et de la gestion d’énergie. Plus précisément, nous considérons un système hybride composé de panneaux solaires photovoltaïques et d’une pile à combustible. Ce système est supposé être doté de convertisseurs et d’un système de stockage (batterie et super-condensateurs)Our societies are increasingly concerned about the very harmful impact of clean energy resources, mainly oil, coal and gas. Thus, interest in the use of renewable and clean energy is constantly increasing and the development of new energy systems has become a scientific and technological challenge. To develop new competitive and efficient energy solutions, manufacturers of components (solar panels, fuel cells, inverters, etc.) and industrial sectors are facing problems of optimization, control and durability. In addition, renewable energy sources depend on several uncontrollable factors (geographical location, weather, etc.). To address these factors, and thus the randomness of energy availability, sources hybridization and energy management can prove to be an appropriate approach for the design of efficient energy solutions. This thesis is a contribution to the problem of hybridization and energy management. More precisely, we consider a hybrid system composed of photovoltaic solar panels and a fuel cell. This system is supposed to be equipped with converters and storage system (battery and supercapacitors). The goal is to develop control strategies to extract the maximum power available from the considered sources and to optimize the overall energy system to meet the load requirements. To do this, our approach is based on the tracking of the maximum power point and the use of compensators
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Benites, Quispe Jhon Brajhan. "Inversor integrado Cuk para aproveitamento da energia fotovoltaica em conexão com a rede em corrente alternada /." Ilha Solteira, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/181169.
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Orientador: Carlos Alberto CanesinResumo: Considerando o atual crescimento dos sistemas baseados em fontes de energia renováveis para a Geração Distribuída (GD), novas estruturas de potência estão sendo desenvolvidas para os sistemas de conversão. O presente estudo propõe a utilização do Inversor Integrado Cuk para o processamento da energia solar fotovoltaica proveniente de um conjunto de módulos fotovoltaicos. Este inversor é o resultado da integração de um conversor Cuk e um inversor de ponte completa, sendo capaz de realizar as funções de elevação e redução de tensão, e a função de converter a corrente continua em alternada, possuindo um grande potencial para a obtenção de uma estrutura de potência de reduzido volume e alto rendimento, garantindo uma baixa distorção harmônica da corrente injetada à rede. Neste trabalho de dissertação são apresentadas as análises quantitativa e qualitativa do inversor com o objetivo de mostrar em detalhes o seu funcionamento e apresentar as principais equações elétricas dos componentes reativos e semicondutores. Além disso, para a obtenção do modelo dinâmico em pequeno sinal do inversor, o método de média do circuito e modelagem média de interruptores é utilizado a fim de projetar os controladores do modo de controle adotado, o qual consiste em dois laços de corrente retroalimentados. Por outro lado, uma comparação das diferentes configurações de módulos fotovoltaicos conectados ao inversor é realizada através dos dados de simulação, a fim de obter a configuração com as melhores c... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Considering the current growth of the renewable energy sources-based systems for Distributed Generation (DG), new power structures are being developed for the conversion systems. The present study proposes the use of the Cuk Integrated Inverter for the processing of photovoltaic solar energy from a set of photovoltaic modules. This inverter is the result of the integration of a Cuk converter and a Full Bridge inverter, being able to perform the functions of raise and reduce voltage, and the function of converting the direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC), possessing a great potential for obtaining a power structure of reduced volume and high performance, guaranteeing a low harmonic distortion of the current injected into the electric grid. In this research work, the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the inverter are presented in order to show in detail its operation and present the main electrical equations of the reactive and semiconductor components. In addition, to obtain the dynamic model in small signal of the inverter, the method of Circuit Averaging and Averaged Switch Modeling is used in order to design the controllers of the adopted control mode, which consists of two feedback loops of current. On the other hand, a comparison of the different configurations of photovoltaic modules connected to the inverter is performed by simulation data, in order to obtain the configuration with the best performance characteristics of the system. The maximum power p... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Zou, Yu. "Modeling, Control and Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of Doubly-fed Induction Generator (DFIG) Wind Power System." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1342445136.
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Rambo, Carlos Eduardo Bizarro. "Estudo e desenvolvimento de um método de MPPT para sistemas PV, baseado na técnica P&O aplicado a um microinversor do tipo flyback." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/7692.
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Previous issue date: 2015This work presents the study and development of a modification proposal of the classical MPPT - P&O approach, based on the utilization of the power and voltage derivatives in PV panel terminals. The contribution of this study consists in the employment of the time derivative of voltage that is used to determine converter duty cycle step size instantly. The proposed MPPT approach when compared to the classical P&O, presents some advantages like as: better dynamic response, steady state error reduction and robustness (considering different irradiation and temperature profiles). In order to validate this study, a microinverter prototype based on flyback converter, using this new approach, was implemented aiming to connect PV panels to the mains. Microinverter control strategy was held on Matlab/Simulink® environment in association to a data processing board (DS1104 from dSPACE®).
Este trabalho apresenta o estudo e o desenvolvimento de uma proposta de modificação do método de MPPT P&O clássico com base na utilização da derivada da potência e da derivada da tensão nos terminais dos painéis PV. A contribuição deste trabalho consiste no emprego da derivada da tensão dos painéis, a qual é utilizada para determinar a variação instantânea do ciclo de trabalho do conversor. O método de MPPT proposto em comparação com o método P&O convencional apresentou melhor desempenho considerando-se a resposta dinâmica, o erro de estado estacionário e a robustez (contra diferentes perfis de irradiância e de temperatura). A fim de validar este estudo, um protótipo de um microinversor com base no conversor flyback, usando a abordagem proposta, foi implementado com o objetivo de conectar painéis fotovoltaicos à rede elétrica. A estratégia de controle do microinversor foi realizada em ambiente Matlab/Simulink® em associação a uma placa de processamento de dados (DS1104 da dSPACE®).
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Marques, Fernando Nunes. "Inversor flyback a quatro transistores controlado por um dispositivo FPGA para obter MPPT em sistemas fotovoltaicos." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2008. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/14389.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoElectrical energy generation with photovoltaic cells is being more utilized. Not only on large scale systems, but also in small ones connected to the grid. Parallel operating with the great generators from power companies, in a non-centralized way of operation, supplying low power, installed in houses, commerce establishments, industry, with the goal to minimize the loss in transmission, for being installed at the same consumption place. This work presents a FPGA device controller of a four transistor flyback inverter for maximum power point in photovoltaic systems. Despite this system has low power it contributes to search simple and low cost alternatives for generating of electrical power in a decentralized manner, which does not use battery banks connected parallel to network of energy near to consumers.
Geração de energia elétrica a partir de painéis fotovoltaicos vem sendo cada vez mais utilizada, não somente em sistemas fotovoltaicos de grande porte, como também em pequenos sistemas conectados a rede CA. Interligada paralelamente aos grandes geradores da concessionária de energia de forma descentralizada em sistemas de pequeno porte e baixas potências, instalados em residências, estabelecimentos comerciais, indústria, com o objetivo de minimizar perdas por transmissão por estarem instalados nos próprios locais. Este trabalho apresenta um controle num dispositivo FPGA de um inversor flyback a quatro transistores para máxima potência em sistemas fotovoltaicos. Apesar da baixa potência este contribui para a busca de alternativas simples e de baixo custo para geração de energia elétrica de forma descentralizada, não utilizando bancos de bateria conectados paralelamente a rede de energia próxima aos consumidores.
Mestre em Ciências
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Miron, Cristian. "Advanced control for renewable energy systems." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I064/document.
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De nos jours, l’énergie renouvelable est une solution durable pour remplacer les sources conventionnelles d’énergie. L’utilisation de réseaux photovoltaïques (PV) et d’éoliennes est devenue très populaire. Cependant, de cette énergie gratuite découlent de nouveaux défis. Certains des grands inconvénients de ces alternatives sont représentés par un faible taux de conversion de l'énergie et par la nécessité d'utiliser un système de stockage d'énergie Un autre bémol est aussi celui de l’efficacité réduite du transfert entre les réseaux PV et/ou les éoliennes, et les consommateurs. L’objectif de cette thèse est de présenter et de comparer différentes stratégies de commandes pour les systèmes alimentés par les sources d’énergies renouvelables. Un prototype destiné à des fins d’essais a été conçu. Cette thèse traite de différents aspects tels que la modélisation de panneaux PV, l’observateur non linéaire, un algorithme de contrôle basé sur une recherche du point de puissance maximum (Maximum modélisation d’un convertisseur abaisseur DC/DC,construire un Point Power Point Tracking), un algorithme de contrôle polynôme, la stabilité du système. Le chapitre 2 présente différents modèles de cellule photovoltaïque qui peuvent, en outre, être utilisés dans une boucle de contrôle. Une interface utilisateur graphique est créée pour faciliter le calcul de certains paramètres et de la courbe caractéristique de la tension voltage du panneau PV. De plus, un modèle à espace d’états et un modèle de fonction de transfert de certains convertisseurs DC/DC sont présentés. Le chapitre 3 se concentre sur l’élaboration d’un observateur Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) qui fournit la tension estimée du panneau PV. Ce dernier sera, plus tard, utilisé dans le bloc de commande ou pourra servir pour les diagnostics. Le chapitre 4 compare différents algorithmes MPPT classique, ainsi qu’un algorithme de contrôle avancé qui pourra être utilisé plus tard pour améliorer les performances des boucles de contrôles. Une étude de cas sur une commande de supervision utilisant une cellule à combustion est proposée. Le chapitre 5 est orienté vers une approche plus pratique. Il présente un système de contrôle distribué qui est géré via un serveur OPC. Un algorithme de control polynomial robuste R-S-Test élaboré, validé en simulation et testé sur une plateforme expérimentale. Un système d’acquisition de données enregistre les informations envoyées par chacune des boucles de contrôle et est capable de tracer les données en temps réel. Le chapitre 6 est dédié aux conclusions. Le chapitre 7 présente les codes des logiciels développés et certains schémas qui ont été utilisés durant les simulations. Le chapitre 8 liste la bibliographieNowadays renewable energy is a long term solution for replacing the conventional sources of energy. The use of photovoltaic (PV) arrays and wind turbines has become very popular. Nevertheless, this “free energy” arises new challenges. Some of the big inconveniences of these alternatives are represented by a low conversion rate of the energy and the necessity of using an energy storing system. Another drawback is the reduced transfer efficiency between the PV arrays or/and wind turbines and the consumers. The goal of this thesis is to present and compare different control strategies for systems that are powered by renewable sources of energy. A prototype for testing purposes was designed. This thesis treats different aspects such as PV panel modelling, buck converter modelling, building a non-linear observer, a control algorithm based on maximum power point tracking (MPPT), a polynomial control algorithm, the stability of the system. Chapter 2 presents different photovoltaic cell models that can be further used in control loops. A graphic user interface is created for facilitating the computation of certain parameters and of the power-voltage / current-voltage characteristics of a PV panel. Furthermore, a state space model and a transfer function model of some DC/DC converters are presented. Chapter 3 focuses on elaborating a Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) observer which will provide the estimated voltage of the PV panel. The latter will later be used in the control block or it can serve for diagnosis purposes. Chapter 4 compares different classical MPPT algorithms, as well as advanced control algorithms which may be later used to improve the performances of the control loops. A case study on a supervisory control that uses fuel cells is proposed. Chapter 5 is oriented on a rather practical approach. It presents a distributed control system that is managed via an OPC server. A robust R-S-T polynomial controller is designed, validated in simulation and tested on a prototype. A data acquisition system stores the data sent by each of the control loops and is able to plot data in real time. Chapter 6 is dedicated to the conclusions. Chapter 7 presents the code of the developed software and some schematics that were used during simulations. Chapter 8 lists the bibliography
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Mahmud, Sadab. "Development and Simulation of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Controller with Ripple Correlation Control (RCC) for Deep Space Spacecraft." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1588686169167826.
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Rambo, Carlos Eduardo Bizarro. "Estudo e desenvolvimento de um m?todo de MPPT para sistemas PV, baseado na t?cnica P&O aplicado a um microinversor do tipo flyback." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2015. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/6403.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul - FAPERGS
This work presents the study and development of a modification proposal of the classical MPPT - P&O approach, based on the utilization of the power and voltage derivatives in PV panel terminals. The contribution of this study consists in the employment of the time derivative of voltage that is used to determine converter duty cycle step size instantly. The proposed MPPT approach when compared to the classical P&O, presents some advantages like as: better dynamic response, steady state error reduction and robustness (considering different irradiation and temperature profiles). In order to validate this study, a microinverter prototype based on flyback converter, using this new approach, was implemented aiming to connect PV panels to the mains. Microinverter control strategy was held on Matlab/Simulink? environment in association to a data processing board (DS1104 from dSPACE?).
Este trabalho apresenta o estudo e o desenvolvimento de uma proposta de modifica??o do m?todo de MPPT P&O cl?ssico com base na utiliza??o da derivada da pot?ncia e da derivada da tens?o nos terminais dos pain?is PV. A contribui??o deste trabalho consiste no emprego da derivada da tens?o dos pain?is, a qual ? utilizada para determinar a varia??o instant?nea do ciclo de trabalho do conversor. O m?todo de MPPT proposto em compara??o com o m?todo P&O convencional apresentou melhor desempenho considerando-se a resposta din?mica, o erro de estado estacion?rio e a robustez (contra diferentes perfis de irradi?ncia e de temperatura). A fim de validar este estudo, um prot?tipo de um microinversor com base no conversor flyback, usando a abordagem proposta, foi implementado com o objetivo de conectar pain?is fotovoltaicos ? rede el?trica. A estrat?gia de controle do microinversor foi realizada em ambiente Matlab/Simulink? em associa??o a uma placa de processamento de dados (DS1104 da dSPACE?).
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Wang, Fa. "Wind Farm Control for Optimal Power Generation and Fatigue Reduction: Strategies and Experimentation in Wind Tunnel." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1491350425071592.
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Gu, Bin. "Power Converter and Control Design for High-Efficiency Electrolyte-Free Microinverters." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/25236.
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Microinverter has become a new trend for photovoltaic (PV) grid-tie systems due to its advantages which include greater energy harvest, simplified system installation, enhanced safety, and flexible expansion. Since an individual microinverter system is typically attached to the back of a PV module, it is desirable that it has a long lifespan that can match PV modules, which routinely warrant 25 years of operation. In order to increase the life expectancy and improve the long-term reliability, electrolytic capacitors must be avoided in microinverters because they have been identified as an unreliable component. One solution to avoid electrolytic capacitors in microinverters is using a two-stage architecture, where the high voltage direct current (DC) bus can work as a double line ripple buffer.
For two-stage electrolyte-free microinverters, a high boost ratio dc-dc converter is required to increase the low PV module voltage to a high DC bus voltage required to run the inverter at the second stage. New high boost ratio dc-dc converter topologies using the hybrid transformer concept are presented in this dissertation. The proposed converters have improved magnetic and device utilization. Combine these features with the converter's reduced switching losses which results in a low cost, simple structure system with high efficiency. Using the California Energy Commission (CEC) efficiency standards a 250 W prototype was tested achieving an overall system efficiency of 97.3%.
The power inversion stage of electrolyte-free microinverters requires a high efficiency grid-tie inverter. A transformerless inverter topology with low electro-magnetic interference (EMI) and leakage current is presented. It has the ability to use modern superjunction MOSFETs in conjunction with zero-reverse-recovery silicon carbide (SiC) diodes to achieve ultrahigh efficiency. The performance of the topology was experimentally verified with a tested CEC efficiency of 98.6%.
Due to the relatively low energy density of film capacitors compared to electrolytic counterparts, less capacitance is used on the DC bus in order to lower the cost and reduce the volume of electrolyte-free microinverters. The reduced capacitance leads to high double line ripple voltage oscillation on DC bus. If the double line oscillation propagates back into the PV module, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) performance would be compromised. A control method which prevents the double line oscillation from going to the PV modules, thus improving the MPPT performance was proposed.
Finally, a control technique using a single microcontroller with low sampling frequency was presented to effectively eliminate electrolyte capacitors in two-stage microinverters without any added penalties. The effectiveness of this control technique was validated both by simulation and experimental results.Ph. D.
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SILVA, Márcio Henrique Bino da. "Método de rastreamento para obtenção da máxima potência em aerogeradores de baixa potência." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/25100.
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SILVA, Márcio Henrique Bino da, também é conhecido em citações bibliográficas por: BINO, Márcio Henrique da Silva.Submitted by Pedro Barros (pedro.silvabarros@ufpe.br) on 2018-07-13T22:15:55Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Márcio Henrique Bino da Silva.pdf: 2835140 bytes, checksum: 4df724bbb8d8a8e672f88cdd322e48c2 (MD5)
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CAPES
Neste trabalho é modelado, em MATLAB/Simulink, um aerogerador de pequeno porte que emprega uma máquina síncrona de imã permanente conectado à rede elétrica por meio de um conversor trifásico back-to-back. O objetivo deste trabalho é, com esse modelo, fazer uma comparação entre os métodos utilizados para a busca da máxima extração de potência em uma turbina eólica que emprega a topologia de uma máquina síncrona a imã permanente. É apresentado de forma estruturada os componentes do sistema de produção de energia eólica e é feita uma análise crítica em relação as diferentes soluções para o problema apresentado. O problema assenta na garantia de máxima extração de potência de uma turbina eólica de velocidade variável a cada instante. A solução está na construção de um sistema composto de diferentes blocos responsáveis pelo controle da máquina. Esses são estudados individualmente em termos de desempenho e confiabilidade. É feita a modelagem da máquina síncrona trifásica a imã permanente onde são apresentados os métodos de controle do conversor trifásico e diferentes algoritmos para a maximização da extração de potência do aerogerador. Em cada subsistema é feita uma escolha da solução que melhor satisfaz as necessidades do projeto do aerogerador, devidamente justificada. Uma vez concebido o modelo, são feitas várias simulações para avaliar e comparar os métodos de maximização da potência gerada.
In this work is modeled a small wind turbine in MATLAB / Simulink, which employs a permanent magnet synchronous machine connected to the grid through a back-to-back three-phase converter. The aim of this work is to compare, using the model, the methods used to get the maximum power extraction from a wind turbine that used the permanent magnet synchronous machine topology. It is presented the components of the wind energy system and it is made a critical analysis respecting to the different solutions to the related issue. The problem adjusts on ensuring maximum power extraction of a variable speed wind turbine at every moment. The solution is design a system composed by different blocks that are responsible for the machine control. These blocks are studied individually in terms of performance and reliability. It is made the model of the permanent magnet synchronous machine, where it is presented the control methods of the three-phase converter and the different algorithms to maximizing the wind turbine power extraction. In each subsystem is carried out a choice of the solution that best meets the wind turbine project needs, with justification. Once the model is done, some simulations are performed to evaluate and compare the methods to maximizing the generated power.
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Alhamed, Aldwaihi Hani. "Commande non linéaire fondée sur la platitude d'un système de production éolien." Thesis, Brest, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BRES0080/document.
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La problématique de la production d'énergie renouvelable, l'énergie du vent dans notre cas, est liée au réglage de l'amplitude et de la fréquence de la tension du générateur entraîné par l'éolienne. Ces réglages sont nécessaires pour injecter la puissance électrique produite sur le réseau électrique. Les avancées de l'électronique de puissance, en particulier les convertisseurs de puissances commandés (redresseur, onduleur, convertisseur boost, etc), ont aidé à résoudre ces problèmes de réglage. Le défi de la production éolienne est d'améliorer la stratégie de commande appliquée aux convertisseurs, afin d'augmenter la qualité de la puissance produite et de minimiser les pertes électriques et ainsi de réduire le coût de production. Dans cette thèse, nous avons développé la commande non linéaire fondée sur la platitude d'un système de production éolien et son couplage au réseau. Cette approche permet de faciliter la construction de la loi de commande. Nous avons exposé un réglage simple et intuitif des gains des contrôleurs, reposant sur très peu de paramètres. Les pertes électriques au stator du GSAP sont minimisées, la stratégie de MPPT est réalisée sur la partie de production. Le facteur de puissance de l'énergie injectée sur le réseau électrique est contrôlé à n'importe quelle valeur désirée comprise entre zéro et unThe problem of the production of renewable energy, ``wind energy in our case'' is related to the adjustment of the amplitude and the frequency of the voltage of the generator driven by the wind turbine. These settings are required to supply the produced electrical power to an electrical network. The advancement of the power electronics used in the power converters (rectifiers, inverters, boost converters, etc.), helped to solve these two problems of adjustment. The challenge of wind generation is to improve the control strategy applied to the converters to increase the quality of the produced power and to minimize the electrical losses of the generator, and therefore to reduce the cost of production system. In this thesis, we developed the nonlinear flatness-based control of a wind generation system. This command is used to facilitate the construction of the control law. We have shown that this command allows the designer to choose the controller gains with few and intuitive tuning parameters. Electrical losses in the stator of the Permanent Magnets Synchronous Generator (PMSG) are minimized, the Maximum Power Point Tracking strategy (MPPT) is applied to the production system and the power factor of the apparent power injected to the grid is controlled to obtain any desired value between zero and one
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Carvalho, Neto Jo?o Teixeira de. "Controle de um ciclo aplicado em sistemas fotovoltaicos aut?nomos em um Microgrid de corrente cont?nua." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM ENGENHARIA EL?TRICA E DE COMPUTA??O, 2016. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/22047.
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A integra??o de unidades com fontes de energia prim?ria, com armazenamento de energia e cargas, ? esperada para desempenhar um papel promissor no futuro para o fornecimento de energia el?trica. A interliga??o em rede destas unidades fornecendo m?dia e baixa tens?o forma um sistema denominado de microgrid. As fontes de energia distribu?da s?o as unidades b?sicas para armazenamento e distribui??o de energia em microgrids. Estas fontes podem ser de um tipo h?brido que inclui uma fonte de energia prim?ria e armazenamento simultaneamente. Uma unidade de tipo h?brido ? proposta neste trabalho e consiste de um conversor Buck-Boost CC-CC que rastreia a pot?ncia m?xima fornecida por um painel fotovoltaico, um conversor Boost CC-CC que regula a tens?o do barramento CC do microgrid e um conversor Buck-Boost bidirecional CC-CC que controla o fluxo de energia na unidade, carregando ou descarregando um banco de baterias. O controle desses conversores deve considerar a prote??o da bateria contra picos de tens?o e transit?rios, assim como a prote??o das cargas conectadas ao barramento principal do microgrid, quando a bateria fornece a energia armazenada. As t?cnicas de controle convencionais utilizadas nos conversores destas unidades utilizam a modula??o por largura de pulso que tem a desvantagem de produzir transit?rios indesej?veis devido ? resposta lenta ?s varia??es na fonte de entrada do sistema ou nas cargas conectadas ao barramento principal do microgrid. Estes transit?rios podem vir a danificar outras cargas e baterias que estejam conectadas ao barramento principal do microgrid. A t?cnica de controle de um ciclo ? aplicada aos conversores chaveadores para permitir uma resposta r?pida a transit?rios, sem overshoots e erro nulo em regime permanente. O objetivo deste trabalho ? a utiliza??o desta t?cnica no controlador desses conversores, a fim de rastrear rapidamente o ponto de pot?ncia m?xima do painel fotovoltaico, carregar as baterias quando elas est?o descarregadas, e fornecer a energia das baterias para as cargas quando necess?rio, garantindo a prote??o das baterias e das cargas ligadas ao barramento principal do microgrid.
The integration of units with primary energy sources, energy storage and loads, is expected to play a promising role in the future for the electricity supply. The interconnection of such units providing medium and low voltage makes a microgrid system. The distributed energy sources are the basic units for storage and distribution in microgrids. These sources can be of a hybrid type, which includes a primary energy source and storage simultaneously. A hybrid type proposed in this paper consists of a DC-DC Buck-Boost converter that tracks the maximum power supplied by a photovoltaic panel, a DC-DC Boost converter that regulates the microgrid DC bus voltage and a DC-DC bidirectional Buck-Boost converter that controls the energy flow in the system, charging or discharging a battery bank. The control of these converters should consider the protection of the battery against voltage transients and spikes, as well as the protection of loads connected to the microgrid main bus when the battery supplies the stored energy. Conventional control techniques used on the converters of these units use the pulse width modulation, which has the disadvantage of produce undesirable transient due to the slow response to changes in the system input source, or the loads resistance connected to microgrid the main bus. These transients can damage other loads and batteries connected to the microgrid main bus. Thus, one-cycle control technique is applied to the switching converters to allow fast response to transient without overshoots and zero steady-state error. The objective of this work is to use this technique in controlling these converters in order to quickly track the maximum power point of the photovoltaic panel, charge the batteries when they are discharged, and provide power from the batteries to the loads when needed, ensuring the protection of the batteries and the loads connected to the microgrid main bus.
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Dalala', Zakariya Mahmoud. "Design and Analysis of a Small-Scale Wind Energy Conversion System." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51846.
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This dissertation aims to present detailed analysis of the small scale wind energy conversion system (WECS) design and implementation. The dissertation will focus on implementing a hardware prototype to be used for testing different control strategies applied to small scale WECSs. Novel control algorithms will be proposed to the WECS and will be verified experimentally in details.
The wind turbine aerodynamics are presented and mathematical modeling is derived which is used then to build wind simulator using motor generator (MG) set. The motor is torque controlled based on the turbine mathematical model and the generator is controlled using the power electronic conversion circuits. The power converter consists of a three phase diode bridge followed by a boost converter. The small signal modeling for the motor, generator, and power converter are presented in details to help building the needed controllers.
The main objectives of the small scale WECS controller are discussed. This dissertation focuses on two main regions of wind turbine operation: the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) region operation and the stall region operation.
In this dissertation, the concept of MPPT is investigated, and a review of the most common MPPT algorithms is presented. The advantages and disadvantaged of each method will be clearly outlined. The practical implementation limitation will be also considered. Then, a MPPT algorithm for small scale wind energy conversion systems will be proposed to solve the common drawback of the conventional methods. The proposed algorithm uses the dc current as the perturbing variable and the dc link voltage is considered as a degree of freedom that will be utilized to enhance the performance of the proposed algorithm. The algorithm detects sudden wind speed changes indirectly through the dc link voltage slope. The voltage slope is also used to enhance the tracking speed of the algorithm and to prevent the generator from stalling under rapid wind speed slow down conditions. The proposed method uses two modes of operation: A perturb and observe (PandO) mode with adaptive step size under slow wind speed fluctuation conditions, and a prediction mode employed under fast wind speed change conditions. The dc link capacitor voltage slope reflects the acceleration information of the generator which is then used to predict the next step size and direction of the current command. The proposed algorithm shows enhanced stability and fast tracking capability under both high and low rate of change wind speed conditions and is verified using a 1.5-kW prototype hardware setup.
This dissertation deals also with the WECS control design under over power and over speed conditions. The main job of the controller is to maintain MPPT while the wind speed is below rated value and to limit the electrical power and mechanical speed to be within the system ratings when the wind speed is above the rated value.
The concept of stall region and stall control is introduced and a stability analysis for the overall system is derived and presented. Various stall region control techniques are investigated and a new stall controller is proposed and implemented. Two main stall control strategies are discussed in details and implemented: the constant power stall control and the constant speed stall control.
The WECS is expected to work optimally under different wind speed conditions. The system should be designed to handle both MPPT control and stall region control at the same time. Thus, the control transition between the two modes of operation is of vital interest. In this dissertation, the light will be shed on the control transition optimization and stabilization between different operating modes.
All controllers under different wind speed conditions and the transition controller are designed to be blind to the system parameters pre knowledge and all are mechanical sensorless, which highlight the advantage and cost effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. The proposed control method is experimentally validated using the WECS prototype developed.
Finally, the proposed control strategies in different regions of operation will be successfully applied to a battery charger application, where the constraints of the wind energy battery charger control system will be analyzed and a stable and robust control law will be proposed to deal with different operating scenarios.Ph. D.
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Meekhun, Dariga. "Réalisation d'un système de conversion et de gestion de l'énergie d'un système photovoltaïque pour l'alimentation des réseaux de capteurs sans fil autonomes pour application aéronautique." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAT0031/document.
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Le projet SACER vise à répondre aux demandes d’Airbus qui ont besoin de disposer de données décrivant le comportement d’un avion ou d’un satellite avant commercialisation ou lancement. Pour mieux répondre à cette demande, un réseau de capteurs sans fil remplacerait les équipements de test filaires existants. Le but est d’apporter des avantages tels qu’une réduction de poids, de coût et de connectique. Pour notre part, nous n’avons travaillé que sur l’application aéronautique.Pour alimenter les capteurs autonomes sans fil embarqués, dans le cadre de cette thèse, il faut concevoir une architecture de récupération d’énergie, un système de stockage de l’énergie ainsi que un circuit de gestion de ces énergies. La principale contrainte pour le système est qu’il doit pouvoir fonctionner de -50C à 100°C, tout en délivrant une puissance de sortie de 3 watts. De plus, l’épaisseur du système doit être inférieure à 3,2 mm.Pour notre travail, nous avons cherché, dans un premier temps, la meilleure solution possible sur le choix du type de cellules solaires. Le résultat sur les tests des cellules à différentes températures et irradiations dans les conditions de notre application est présenté. Dans un second temps, nous avons testé plusieurs types de systèmes de stockage d’énergie aux températures extrêmes. Enfin, la conception de l’architecture pour la gestion de l’énergie (vue d’ensemble des panneaux photovoltaïques, d’un circuit MPPT, des super condensateurs, et d’un régulateur) est présentéeFlight tests of a commercial aircraft consist in gathering data during flight to validate aircraft design. However they are very expensive for various reasons. One of them is that most of the sensors implemented to collect data are wired. As an example, for the sole system that monitors the vibrations onboard a large (more than 100 seats) aircraft, more than 100 sensors may be deployed. Such networks are complex to implement, mainly because of the required wiring. A wireless solution is therefore of great interest; however, such a cable-less implementation implies both wireless transmission of data together with energy autonomy.The purpose of this work is therefore to describe a design of a power generation system, focusing on photovoltaic, together with the associated management strategies for an autonomous wireless sensor network deployed for large aircraft in-flight tests. This work is a part of SACER project. The main requirements are related to the thickness of the system (less than 3,2mm in order not to disturb the aerodynamic air flow) and the output power (3 W per sensor node in order to power the sensor, data processing and transmission system). In addition, the system has to properly work at extremely high and low temperature (-50 to 100°C). Our system consists of three primary components to consider: Energy Harvesting system, Energy storage device and Energy management system.In this work, we firstly present the comparison of the performance of different photovoltaic technologies at different temperatures concerning their availability and achievable power density in aircraft applications. Secondly, we will investigate the possibility of using batteries and supercapacitor. Finally the power management system, composed by a photovoltaic panel, a power conditioning (MPPT function), supercapacitors and a DC/DC regulator, is presented
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Grandbois, Michelle. "Protection contre la toxicité du MPTP par les stéroïdes et le raloxifène, implication des récepteurs glutamatergiques." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0017/MQ55759.pdf.
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Elmes, John. "MAXIMUM ENERGY HARVESTING CONTROL FOROSCILLATING ENERGY HARVESTING SYSTEMS." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3400.
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This thesis presents an optimal method of designing and controlling an oscillating energy harvesting system. Many new and emerging energy harvesting systems, such as the energy harvesting backpack and ocean wave energy harvesting, capture energy normally expelled through mechanical interactions. Often the nature of the system indicates slow system time constants and unsteady AC voltages. This paper reveals a method for achieving maximum energy harvesting from such sources with fast determination of the optimal operating condition. An energy harvesting backpack, which captures energy from the interaction between the user and the spring decoupled load, is presented in this paper. The new control strategy, maximum energy harvesting control (MEHC), is developed and applied to the energy harvesting backpack system to evaluate the improvement of the MEHC over the basic maximum power point tracking algorithm.M.S.E.E.
School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Engineering and Computer Science
Electrical Engineering MSEE
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RAMOS, Vanessa Menezes. "Controle de frequência de geração fotovoltaica considerando inércia virtual." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/10024.
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A integração em larga escala de fontes intermitentes de energias renováveis, como os sistemas fotovoltaicos, nos sistemas elétricos de potência gera novas questões técnicas, uma vez que tais fontes normalmente não participam na regulação da frequência devido não apresentarem inércia de rotação. A rápida variação da frequência existente em redes com grande integração de geração renovável ocasiona assim uma maior dificuldade na manutenção da estabilidade de frequência, pois diferentemente dos sistemas convencionais (por exemplo os Hídricos e Térmicos), onde a inércia dos geradores é suficientemente alta, para a maioria desses novos sistemas isso não é válido. Nesse contexto, na presente dissertação será proposta a utilização do conceito de “inércia virtual”, que corresponde a uma combinação de algoritmos de controle, dispositivos de armazenamento de energia elétrica e eletrônica de potência aplicada às fontes renováveis, como as fotovoltaicas, conectadas às redes de energia através de inversores, a qual emula a inércia de um sistema de geração convencional. Será apresentado ainda um modelo baseado em uma análise a pequeno sinal linearizado, desenvolvido para avaliar a estabilidade de um circuito de controle de potência quando o gerador fotovoltaico fornecer resposta em frequência, além da resposta inercial emulada com sistemas fotovoltaicos por meio de técnicas baseadas no controlador MPPT no Método de Deslocamento e da estratégia de controle Droop no domínio do tempo. Esta modelagem é testada em um sistema de energia elétrica composto por máquinas síncronas e uma planta de geração de energia fotovoltaica em larga escala para a análise dos efeitos do sistema de controle em relação à estabilidade de frequência. As simulações realizadas com o auxílio do software MATLAB/Simulink, consideram diferentes constantes de inércia para uma condição de variação (queda) na frequência elétrica, ocasionada pela inserção de cargas no sistema elétrico. Resultados comparativos indicam que é maior o impacto da geração fotovoltaica na estabilidade do sistema de energia quando a energia fornecida pelo gerador da planta convencional é menor. Resultados também comprovam que quando o sistema fotovoltaico está fornecendo energia para a rede elétrica, a frequência do mesmo decai afetando a estabilidade e operação do sistema de potência através da degradação da dinâmica de frequência.
The large-scale integration of intermittent sources of renewable energies, such as photovoltaic systems, into electrical power systems generates new technical issues, since such sources do not participate in frequency regulation because they do not exhibit inertia of rotation. The rapid frequency variation, normally found in networks with a high degree of integration of renewable generation, therefore causes greater difficulty in maintaining frequency stability, unlike conventional systems (for example Hydro and Thermal), where the inertia of the generators is sufficiently high , for most of these new systems this is not valid. In this context, the present dissertation will propose the use of the concept of "virtual inertia", which corresponds to a combination of control algorithms, electrical energy storage devices and power electronics applied to renewable sources, such as photovoltaics, connected to networks of power through inverters, which emulates the inertia of a conventional generation system. It will be presented a model based on a small linearized signal analysis, developed to evaluate the stability of a power control circuit when the photovoltaic generator provides frequency response and the inertial response emulated with photovoltaic systems by means of techniques based on the MPPT controller in the Displacement Method and the Droop control strategy in the time domain. This modeling is tested in an electric power system composed of synchronous machines and a large-scale photovoltaic power generation plant for the analysis of the effects of the control system in relation to frequency stability. The simulations performed with MATLAB/Simulink software consider different inertia constants for a condition of variation (decrease) in the electric frequency, caused by the insertion of loads in the electric system. Comparative results indicate that the impact of photovoltaic generation on the stability of the power system is greater when the power supplied by the conventional plant generator is lower. Results also prove that when the photovoltaic system is supplying power to the grid, its frequency decreases, affecting the stability and operation of the power system through the degradation of the frequency dynamics.
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Rocha, Thiago de Oliveira Alves. "Contribui??es para estrat?gia de controle aplicada ? gera??o fotovoltaica interconectada ? rede el?trica." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2015. http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/20679.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
Os sistemas de gera??o, que utilizam fontes renov?veis, est?o se tornando cada vez mais populares devido ? necessidade do incremento do uso da energia el?trica. Atualmente, as fontes renov?veis cooperam com a gera??o convencional, em decorr?ncia da limita??o do sistema na entrega da pot?ncia requerida, da necessidade da redu??o dos efeitos indesejados das fontes que utilizam combust?veis fosseis (polui??o) e a dificuldade de constru??o de novas linhas de transmiss?o e/ou distribui??o. Esta coopera??o se d? por meio da gera??o distribu?da. Desta forma, neste trabalho s?o propostas contribui??es para o sistema de controle utilizado para a interconex?o de sistemas PV (do ingl?s, Photovoltaic) de gera??o distribu?da com a rede el?trica trif?sica, por meio de filtros de conex?o do tipo LCL. A compensa??o da qualidade de energia no ponto de acoplamento comum (PAC) ? realizada garantindo-se que a rede el?trica forne?a, ou consuma apenas pot?ncia ativa e que suas correntes possuam baixo teor harm?nico. Diferentemente das t?cnicas tradicionais, que necessitam de esquemas para a detec??o harm?nica, a t?cnica utilizada realiza a compensa??o harm?nica sem a utiliza??o desses esquemas, controlando as correntes de sa?da do sistema de uma forma indireta. Para que haja um efetivo controle da tens?o do barramento CC (Corrente Cont?nua) ? utilizado o controlador robusto em modo dual DSM-PI (Proporcional Integral Dual em Modo Deslizante), que durante o transit?rio se comporta como um controlador em modo deslizante SM-PI (Proporcional Integral em Modo Deslizante), e em regime permanente se comporta como um PI (Proporcional Integral) convencional. Para o controle das correntes ? utilizado a estrat?gia de controle repetitivo, onde s?o utilizados controladores de dupla sequ?ncia (DSC) sintonizados na componente fundamental, no quinto e no s?timo harm?nico. As correntes de refer?ncia s?o alinhadas ao ?ngulo de fase do vetor tens?o da rede el?trica, obtido a partir do uso de um SRF-PLL (do ingl?s, Synchronous Reference Frame Phase-Locked-Loop). Com o intuito de obter a m?xima pot?ncia do array fotovoltaico ? utilizado um algoritmo de MPPT (do ingl?s, Maximum Power Point Tracking) sem a necessidade de adi??o de sensores. Resultados experimentais s?o apresentados para demonstrar a efic?cia do sistema de controle proposto.
Generation systems, using renewable sources, are becoming increasingly popular due to the need for increased use of electricity. Currently, renewables sources have a role to cooperate with conventional generation, due to the system limitation in delivering the required power, the need for reduction of unwanted effects from sources that use fossil fuels (pollution) and the difficulty of building new transmission and/or distribution lines. This cooperation takes place through distributed generation. Therefore, this work proposes a control strategy for the interconnection of a PV (Photovoltaic) system generation distributed with a three-phase power grid through a connection filter the type LCL. The compensation of power quality at point of common coupling (PCC) is performed ensuring that the mains supply or consume only active power and that his currents have low distorcion. Unlike traditional techniques which require schemes for harmonic detection, the technique performs the harmonic compensation without the use of this schemes, controlling the output currents of the system in an indirect way. So that there is effective control of the DC (Direct Current) bus voltage is used the robust controller mode dual DSMPI (Dual-Sliding Mode-Proportional Integral), that behaves as a sliding mode controller SM-PI (Sliding Mode-Proportional Integral) during the transition and like a conventional PI (Proportional Integral) in the steady-state. For control of current is used to repetitive control strategy, which are used double sequence controllers (DSC) tuned to the fundamental component, the fifth and seventh harmonic. The output phase current are aligned with the phase angle of the utility voltage vector obtained from the use of a SRF-PLL (Synchronous Reference Frame Phase-Locked-Loop). In order to obtain the maximum power from the PV array is used a MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) algorithm without the need for adding sensors. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control system.
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Tran, Cuong hung. "Améliorations d’une chaîne de conversion de l’énergie solaire en électricité autonome en vue d’application dans les pays en voie de développement." Thesis, Reims, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REIMS009/document.
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Au Vietnam, plus d’un demi-million d’habitations n’ont pas d’accès à l’électricité. Elles se situent principalement dans des régions montagneuses ou sur des îles. Cependant, c’est un pays qui possède un grand potentiel en énergies renouvelables. Dans ce contexte, l’alimentation en électricité pour les sites isolés est une solution prometteuse en termes économique et environnemental. L’énergie solaire est la plus adaptée à l’alimentation en électricité des villages en raison d’un ensoleillement important et d’une maintenance relativement facile. Dans les systèmes de conversion d’énergie utilisant des sources d’énergies renouvelables, on utilise généralement des convertisseurs statiques simples. En effet, si l’on prend un système photovoltaïque, la poursuite du point de puissance maximale (MPPT) se fait à l’aide d’un convertisseur « boost » ou « buck-boost ». Ainsi, en cas de défaillance, le système est mis hors service. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’apporter des améliorations au niveau d’un système photovoltaïque autonome pouvant être utilisé dans un site isolé. Ainsi nous avons développé un algorithme de recherche du point de puissance maximale (MPPT) utilisant des convertisseurs DC-DC à trois niveaux (CBTN) permettant d’extraire le maximum de puissance d’un générateur photovoltaïque quelles que soient les variations climatiques (température, ensoleillement) ou de la charge. L’architecture à base de panneaux solaires associé à un système de stockage a nécessité la mise en place d’un superviseur flou afin de maîtriser la gestion des flux. Enfin, nous avons proposé une méthode de détection de défauts afin de gérer efficacement les cas de défaillance d’un élément du convertisseur multiniveaux. En effet, en cas de défauts, on doit pouvoir passer en mode dégradé pour pouvoir assurer un service proche du comportement nominal ou au moins minimal en attendant une maintenance correctiveIn Vietnam, more than half a million people do not have access to electricity. They are mainly in mountainous regions or on islands. However, this country has great potential for renewable energy. In this context, these sources of energy can be regarded as promising solutions both economically and environmentally for supplying electrical power. Solar energy is the most suitable to supply villages with electricity because of the plentiful solar radiation and relatively easy maintenance of the structures. In energy conversion systems using renewable energy sources, simple static converters are generally used. Indeed, if we explore a photovoltaic system, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is done using a boost or buck-boost converter. Thus, in case of failure, the system is simply switched off. The aim of this thesis is to make improvements to an autonomous photovoltaic system that can be used in an isolated site. Therefore, an MPPT algorithm using three-level DC-DC converters is developed to extract the maximum power of a photovoltaic generator, whatever the climatic variations (temperature, sunlight) or charge. The system’s architecture is based on solar panels associated with a storage system, which required the development of a fuzzy supervisor to control the flow management. Finally, we propose a fault detection method to efficiently manage the failure of a multi-level converter element. Indeed, if there is a fault, we must go into a degraded mode to provide a service close to normal or at least minimal functioning, pending maintenance
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TerÃn, Eldin Mario Miranda. "Sistema Fotovoltaico de Pequeno Porte Interligado à Rede ElÃtrica." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7563.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgicoA necessidade de obter uma matriz energÃtica menos poluente e em harmonia com o meio ambiente à um tÃpico muito importante no sÃculo XXI. Este trabalho apresenta um conversor cc-ca de dois estÃgios para injetar a energia de um arranjo de painÃis fotovoltaicos à rede elÃtrica. O primeiro estÃgio à um conversor elevador, isolado, baseado na CÃlula de ComutaÃÃo de TrÃs Estados (CCTE), responsÃvel por elevar a tensÃo dos painÃis fotovoltaicos de 48 Vcc para 400 Vcc e de extrair a mÃxima potÃncia disponÃvel deles. O segundo estÃgio consiste em um conversor monofÃsico cc-ca, ponte completa, responsÃvel por injetar a energia na rede elÃtrica de baixa tensÃo (220 Vca, 60 Hz). SÃo apresentados estudos teÃricos e exemplos de projeto dos circuitos de potÃncia e controle para ambos os estÃgios e, com o objetivo de validar a anÃlise, sÃo apresentados resultados de simulaÃÃo computacional, complementados com resultados experimentais, correspondentes a um protÃtipo de laboratÃrio de 850 W. O rendimento global obtido experimentalmente à aproximadamente 86,5% enquanto que a distorÃÃo harmÃnica total da corrente entregue à rede elÃtrica obtida via simulaÃÃo computacional à 3,8% a plena carga.
In the 21st century, the need of a more clean and environment friendly power matrix has become a very important issue. Therefore this work presents a two stage cc-ac converter for connecting a photovoltaic array to the electrical grid. The 1st stage itâs an isolated boost converter, based in the Three Stage Switching Cell (TSSC), in charge of boosting the photovoltaic array voltage from 48 Vcc to 400 Vcc and to track its maximum power point. The 2nd stage is a single-phase cc-ac Full-Bridge converter responsible of injecting the photovoltaic power into the low voltage power grid (220 Vac, 60 Hz). Both, theoretical analysis and designs examples of power and control circuits are presented for the two stages and, in order to validate the analysis, simulation results complemented with experimental results from an 850 W laboratory prototype are presented. The overall efficiency obtained from the prototype was 86.5% while the total harmonic distortion of the current obtained via simulation was 3.8% at full load.
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GuimarÃes, JÃssica Santos. "Wind energy conversion system connected to the grid." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2016. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=16813.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgicoEste trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de um sistema de conversÃo de energia eÃlica (WECS - Wind Energy Conversion System) com gerador sÃncrono de imà permanente (PMSG - Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator) operando com velocidade variÃvel. O circuito de processamento de energia à dividido em dois estÃgios. No estÃgio AC-DC, uma topologia boost bridgeless trifÃsica unidirecional absorve a energia fornecida pelo gerador e injeta no link DC. Neste conversor, a tÃcnica de autocontrole permite a extraÃÃo de corrente com baixa taxa de distorÃÃo harmÃnica (THD â Total Harmonic Distortion) e alto fator de potÃncia. AlÃm disso, um algoritmo de rastreamento do mÃximo ponto de potÃncia (MPPT - Maximum Power Point Tracking) determina a velocidade de rotaÃÃo do gerador que irà garantir o ponto adequado de operaÃÃo. Este modo de operaÃÃo à mantido enquanto a potÃncia disponÃvel for menor que a potÃncia nominal do conversor. Caso contrÃrio, o algoritmo de MPPT à desabilitado e uma malha de controle de potÃncia mecÃnica garante a condiÃÃo nominal de potÃncia. No estÃgio de conversÃo DC-AC, um inversor trifÃsico ponte completa, cujo controle à baseado na teoria das potÃncias instantÃneas, provà energia à rede elÃtrica cumprindo com as exigÃncias normativas. Uma anÃlise teÃrica completa à apresentada assim como os resultados de simulaÃÃo considerando o protÃtipo com a potÃncia nominal de 6 kW equivalente a turbina eÃlica utilizada. Resultados experimentais satisfatÃrios sÃo apresentados para uma potÃncia de 3 kW: o rendimento do sistema completo à superior a 90%; a corrente que circula no gerador apresenta THD de aproximadamente 2,6% e fator de potÃncia de 0,942; e a corrente injetada na rede elÃtrica possui THD de 1,639% e fator de potÃncia de 0,994.
This master thesis presents the development of a Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) with Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) operating at variable speed. The energy processing circuit is divided into two stages. In the AC-DC stage, an unidirectional three-phase bridgeless boost topology absorbs the energy supplied by the generator and injects it into the DC link. In this converter, the self-control technique allows the current extraction with low THD and high power factor. Furthermore, a - Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) determines the rotational speed of the generator that will ensure the proper operating point. This mode of operation is maintained while the available power remains lower than the converter rated power. Otherwise, the MPPT algorithm is disabled and a mechanical power control loop ensures the rated power condition. On the DC-AC conversion stage, a three-phase full-bridge inverter, whose control is based on the theory of instantaneous power, provides energy to the grid complying with regulatory requirements. A complete theoretical analysis is presented as well as the simulation results considering the prototype with a rated power of 6 kW equivalent of wind turbine used. Satisfactory experimental results are shown to an output of 3 kW: the efficiency of the total system is above 90%; the current through the generator has a THD of about 2.6% with a power factor of 0.942; moreover, the current injected into the grid has a THD of about 1.639% and a power factor of 0.994.
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Quezada, Novoa Andrés Alberto. "Diseño e implementación de inversor fotovoltaico de bajo costo." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/112523.
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Ingeniero Civil ElectricistaEl presente trabajo aborda los conceptos básicos, sobre electrónica, semiconductores de potencia, controladores digitales de señales y software de simulación en electrónica de potencia, para lograr diseñar y construir un inversor MPPT fotovoltaico de 2kW de potencia nominal que sirva como base para desarrollos en esta área. Se presenta una introducción al tema, los objetivos de la memoria y una breve descripción del estado del arte, conocimientos necesarios para desarrollar un equipo de estas características. En función de estos antecedentes se presenta el diseño y simulación de la primera etapa de conversión, correspondiente al módulo Boost, utilizado para realizar un seguimiento de máxima potencia al sistema fotovoltaico. A continuación, se muestra la segunda etapa de conversión, de corriente continua a alterna, mediante un puente inversor completo. Se diseñan los sensores a utilizar, que son de voltaje DC, voltaje AC, corriente y temperatura. Se presenta el diseño de las etapas necesarias de control realimentado, que se programan en un microcontrolador. Esta etapa incluye la determinación de la tensión de máxima transferencia, se sincroniza el inversor con la red y se limita el trabajo del equipo dentro de rangos seguros de operación. Con el software PSim, se simula cada etapa de conversión de potencia, lo que permite realizar un diseño rápido y seguro. Se logra probar los ciclos de control diseñados para el sistema y ver el tipo de comportamiento ante perturbaciones. Se presenta en detalle la fase de construcción de cada uno de los módulos diseñados, reportando los planos, dispositivos y elementos de integración. Se realizan pruebas de potencia para el módulo Boost y el Inversor, ajustando los sensores. Por último se realizan pruebas de control realimentado como seguidor de tensión y seguidor de fase. Se finaliza con los resultados de las características relevantes del equipo, como lo son la eficiencia (80%) y costo de construcción estimado ($1466 US), para luego realizar un análisis de recuperación del capital en base a la energía generada. Como trabajo futuro se requiere de las pruebas de inyección de potencia a la red y de transferencia de máxima potencia conectando un panel fotovoltaico como fuente primaria de energía.
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Peña, La Torre Walter José, and Talledo José Eduardo Nevado. "Desarrollo de un sistema de control que hace el seguimiento del máximo punto de potencia en paneles solares aplicado a sistemas de generación fotovoltaica para entornos rurales." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/626089.
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El presente proyecto detalla el desarrollo de un sistema de control que tiene como objetivo mejorar el performance de aplicaciones solares para electrificación rural. La idea fundamental es que el sistema realiza el seguimiento del máximo punto de potencia en paneles solares estabilizando su funcionamiento en esta zona.
Para poder diseñar y construir el sistema, se hará uso de técnicas de control, conocimientos de conversores DC-DC y además de programación de microcontroladores.
Esta tesis consta de cinco capítulos. En el primer capítulo se presenta la problemática y justificación del desarrollo del proyecto, así como los objetivos buscados. En el segundo capítulo se trata el marco teórico de la tesis, una explicación de las técnicas de control utilizadas, conceptos aplicados a fuentes DC-DC y una descripción de los elementos que conforman Sistema Fotovoltaico. En el tercer capítulo se trata de la descripción del hardware, en el cual se describe el diseño del conversor DC-DC elegido. En el cuarto capítulo se presenta la descripción de la etapa de control, la cual muestra el algoritmo usado para el control, así como la simulación y los resultados. Por último, en el quinto capítulo, se muestra los resultados experimentales de la construcción del circuito y su operación, así como un informe de costos de la tesis.The present project details the development of a control system that aims to improve the performance of solar applications for rural electrification. The designed system monitors the maximum power point in a solar panel stabilizing its operation in this area. In order to design and build the system, control techniques, knowledge of DC-DC converters and programming of microcontrollers were use. This thesis consists of five chapters. In the first chapter the problem and justification of the development of the project is presented, as well as the objectives sought. The second chapter deals with the theoretical framework of the thesis, an explanation of the control techniques used, concepts applied of DC-DC sources and a description of the elements that make up the Photovoltaic Autonomous System. The third chapter deals with the hardware description, in which the design of the chosen DC-DC converter is detail. In the fourth chapter the description of the control stage is presented, which shows the fuzzy algorithm used for the control, as well as the simulation and the results. Finally, in the fifth chapter, the experimental results of the developed prototyped are shown in a 100W photovoltaic panel control scenario then conclusion of the development process are presented as well.
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Alotaibi, Lafi. "Commande et optimisation d'une installation multi-sources." Thesis, Reims, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REIMS039.
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Cette thèse traite la commande et l'optimisation d'une installation photovoltaïquepour un site isolé. Ainsi, nous avons proposé un algorithme par logique flouepermettant la poursuite du point de puissance maximal afin de remédier auxinconvénients des méthodes classiques. Ensuite, nous nous sommes intéressés àl'optimisation de la structure de l'installation. En effet, dans les installationsclassiques, dans le cas de défaillance d'un panneaux, tout le bloc série devientinutilisable, ce qui réduit considérablement les capacités de production del'installation. Pour résoudre ce problème, nous avons proposé un superviseur permettant la reconfiguration automatique de l'installation de telle sorte que seul lepanneaux défaillant est mis hors connexion. Par ailleurs, pour gérer le flux depuissance et pour répondre à la demande de l'utilisateur, nous avons développé un superviseur par logique floue. Ainsi, le surplus de production est stocké systématiquement dans la batterie pour l'utiliser ensuite en cas où la demandedépasse la production. De plus, la structure proposée permet de ne solliciter la batterie en cas de besoin de ce qui permet de prolonger considérablement sa duréede vieThis thesis addresses the control and optimization of a stand-alone photovoltaicsystem. Thus, we proposed a fuzzy logic algorithm for tracking the maximum powerpoint to overcome the disadvantages of classical methods. Then we focused onoptimizing the structure of the installation. Indeed, in conventional systems, in thecase of failure of a panel, the whole serie block becomes unusable, greatly reducingthe production capacity. To resolve this problem, we proposed a supervisor for theautomatic reconfiguration of the installation so that only the failed panels is takenoffline. Furthermore, to manage the power flow and to meet user demand, wedeveloped a fuzzy supervisor. Thus, the surplus production is systematically storedin the battery for later use in cases where demand exceeds production. In addition,the proposed structure can not draining the battery in case of need thereby greatlyextend its lifetime
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Slagle, Adam Christopher. "Low Frequency Noise Reduction Using Novel Poro-Elastic Acoustic Metamaterials." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64200.
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Low frequency noise is a common problem in aircraft and launch vehicles. New technologies must be investigated to reduce this noise while contributing minimal weight to the structure. This thesis investigates passive and active control methods to improve low frequency sound absorption and transmission loss using acoustic metamaterials. The acoustic metamaterials investigated consist of poro-elastic acoustic heterogeneous (HG) metamaterials and microperforated (MPP) acoustic metamaterials. HG metamaterials consist of poro-elastic material with a periodic arrangement of embedded masses acting as an array of mass-spring- damper systems. MPP acoustic metamaterials consist of periodic layers of micro-porous panels embedded in poro-elastic material. This thesis examines analytically, experimentally, and numerically the behavior of acoustic metamaterials compared to a baseline poro-elastic sample. The development of numerical techniques using finite element analysis will aid in understanding the physics behind their functionality and will influence their design. Design studies are performed to understand the effects of varying the density, size, shape, and placement of the embedded masses as well as the location and distribution of microperforated panels in poro- elastic material. An active HG metamaterial is investigated, consisting of an array of active masses embedded within poro-elastic material. Successful tonal and broadband noise control is achieved using a feedforward, filtered-x LMS control algorithm to minimize the downstream sound pressure level. Low-frequency absorption and transmission loss is successfully increased in the critical frequency range below 500 Hz. Acoustic metamaterials are compact compared to conventional materials and find applications in controlling low-frequency sound radiation in aircraft and launch vehicles.Master of Science
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Silva, Paulo Henrique Gonçalves Leonel da. "Controle chaveado de sistemas com incertezas utilizando otimizadores não derivativos /." Ilha Solteira, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192112.
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Orientador: Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto TeixeiraResumo: Nesta tese, utiliza-se um otimizador analógico não derivativo proposto por Teixeira & Żak em 1999 como principal ferramenta para os sistemas de controle dos projetos desenvolvidos. Tal otimizador é composto por blocos não lineares e pode ser classificado como um sistema neural artificial. Sistemas chaveados têm grande aplicação prática na otimização de sistemas e são caracterizados por possuírem subsistemas e uma lei de chaveamento que seleciona cada subsistema a cada momento. Deve-se definir condições para que seja possível projetar uma lei de chaveamento que atenda requisitos de projeto. O estudo de técnicas de controle extremal na solução de problemas de busca pelo rastreamento do máximo ponto de potência (do inglês: Maximum Power Point Tracking - MPPT), vem apresentando resultados interessantes na literatura e um tipo de sistema à qual essa técnica pode ser aplicada, é na geração fotovoltaica. Aplica-se o otimizador analógico citado na busca do MPPT de uma célula fotovoltaica, com o objetivo de observar o controle extremal atuando em um processo de otimização, estendendo o controle para quando existem variações de irradiação solar (cenário de uma possível passagem de nuvens). Também observa-se o comportamento do sistema quanto a manter seu correto funcionamento e estabilidade ultimate bounded. A contribuição principal desta tese foi uma nova proposta de utilização conjunta do otimizador de Teixeira & Żak no projeto de controladores ˙ chaveados baseados na minimização da d... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: On this thesis, a non-derivative analog optimizer, proposed by Teixeira & Żak in 1999, was used as the main tool for the proposed control system. Such optimizer is structured by nonlinear blocks and can be classified as an artificial neural system. Switched systems have great theoretical and practical application in systems optimization and are characterized by having subsystems, and a switching law that selects each subsystem at each moment. It is necessary to define conditions so that it is possible to design a switching law for the desired performance of the controlled system. The study of Extremum Seeking Control techniques in the solution of problems of Maximum Power Point Tracking has presented interesting results, and one type of system which this technique can be applied is in the photovoltaic generation. The analog optimizer is applied in the Maximum Power Point Tracking of a photovoltaic cell, with the objective of observing the actuation of the extremal seeking control in an optimization process, extending the control when there are solar irradiation variations (a possible clouds passage scenario). And also observe the behavior of the system and how to maintain its correct functioning and ultimate bounded stability. The main contribution of this thesis was a new procedure for using the mentioned analog optimizer in the design of switched controllers based on the minimization of the derivative of a Lyapunov function. This method allows the relaxed design of controll... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Krška, Vlastimil. "Digitálně řízený spínaný napájecí zdroj." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219162.
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This master’s thesis is an introduction to switching mode power supplies, especially focused on digital control. It summarizes the basic topologies of switching mode power supplies, and discusses the fundamental issues of digital power supply control. It also summarizes basic informations about Piccolo microcontrolers, about experimental kit and about main parts of sample source code. Also is described here own implementation of the control law and the theory and implementation of maximum power point tracking. The conclusion of this thesis deals with implemantation a testing of the designed digitally controled switching power supply.
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Liu, Hongliang. "Contribution for integrating urban wind turbine into electrical microgrid : modeling and control." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2331/document.
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L’intégration de l’énergie éolienne, qui est une ressource renouvelable très utilisée, n’est pas toujours facile pour le micro-réseau urbain. Dans cette thèse, une éolienne urbaine basée sur une machine synchrone à aimants permanents (MSAP) est étudiée pour être intégrée dans un micro-réseau urbain à courant continu. Un état de l'art concernant les énergies renouvelables, les micro-réseaux à courant continu et les stratégies de contrôle de la production d'énergie éolienne, est réalisée. Basé sur un modèle d’éolienne urbaine répondant à la demande du système électrique, qui se compose d’un émulateur de vent et de pales, un MSAP et un convertisseur DC/DC, cette thèse propose des méthodes de poursuite du point de puissance maximale satisfaisant à l’obligation de produire de l’énergie dans la mesure du possible. Une stratégie de contrôle à puissance limitée répond correctement. De simples à complexes, quatre algorithmes MPPT, P&O à pas fixe, P&O à pas variable avec la méthode Newton-Raphson améliorée, P&O à pas variable à base de logique floue et une méthode indirecte de type lookup table, sont étudiés et implémentés pour être comparés à l’aide de trois profils de vitesse du vent. Par expérimentation, les algorithmes MPPT et PLC sont comparés, analysés et discutés. Résumant tous les résultats expérimentaux, la méthode lookup table peut gérer toutes les exigences du mode de fonctionnement MPPT en présentant la meilleure performance, mais, dans le mode de fonctionnement PLC, la P&O à base de logique floue présente les meilleures performancesThe integration of the wind power, which is one mostly used renewable resource, is always one challenger for urban microgrid. In this thesis, one urban wind turbine based on a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) is studied in order to be integrated into a DC urban microgrid. A state of the art concerning the renewable energies, DC microgrid, and control strategies of wind power generation is done. Based on a model of urban wind turbine fitting the demand of urban electric system, which consists of an emulator of wind speed and blades, a PMSM and a DC/DC converter, this thesis proposes the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods satisfying the requirement of producing energy as much as possible, and power limited control (PLC) strategies answering the demand of flexible energy production. From simple to complex, four MPPT algorithms including Perturbation and Observation (P&O) fixed step-size method, P&O with improved Newton-Raphson method, P&O with fuzzy logic method and lookup table method are studied and implemented to be compared with each other using three wind velocity profiles. According to the experience about MPPT subject, four PLC algorithms are introduced and implemented to be analyzed and compared with each other with one power demand profile calculated randomly. Summarizing all experimental results, the lookup table method can handle all requirement of MPPT operating mode supplying the best performance, however, in the condition of more flexible power demand operating mode, the combination of P&O and fuzzy logic method presents the best performance and potential which can be achieved in future works
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Ahmed, Rana. "Energy management and control for hybrid renewable energy sources in rural area." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4353.
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Cette thèse propose principalement, un algorithme État-Flow MPPT basé P&O, amélioré avec deux degrés de liberté, dans lequel le système événementiel (MPPT) de comportement est modélisé par le décrivant en terme de transition entre les états, sous certaines conditions. Secondairement, un algorithme étendu MPPT, base d'exploitation en parallèle de l'état-débit est en outre proposé d'être une solution difficile pour le contrôle indépendant du système hybride, où la caractéristique de contrôle continu peut se présenter au cours d'un certain état de travail tout en discrète, est indiquée le long des transitions d'état. Deux configurations possibles pour le système hybride sont proposées : deux convertisseurs DC/DC séparés, et un convertisseur de sortie unique à double entrée (DISO) de configurations. Enfin, il est proposé, un comportement du système DC modélisation utilisant État-Flow, menant à l'ensemble de la conception de la stratégie de commande qui concernent RES MPPT, RES et la coordination BESS, la stabilité du système d'alimentation et de régulation de la tension du bus DC. La simulation et les résultats expérimentaux valident l'efficacité et l'applicabilité de l'algorithme proposé. Les deux résultats montrent la supériorité du MPPT basé proposé État-Flow pour réduire les oscillations de puissance RESs à l'état d'équilibre dans diverses conditions d'exploitation, en plus de son démarrage plus rapide, et l’opération de transition sans divergence de la MPP, selon des conditions météorologiques variablesThis thesis primarily proposes, an improved P&O based State-Flow MPPT algorithm featuring two degree of freedom, in which the event driven system (MPPT) behaviour is modelled by describing it in terms of transitions among states under certain conditions. Secondarily, an extended parallel operating State-Flowbased MPPT algorithm is further proposed to be a challenging solution for the independent control of the hybrid system, where continuous control characteristic can present during a certain working state while discrete one is indicated along state transitions. Two possible configurations for the hybrid system are proposed; two separate DC/DC converters and dual input single output converter (DISO) configurations. Finally it is proposed, DC system behaviour modelling using State-Flow leading to the whole control strategy design which concern RESs MPPT, RESs and BESS coordination, power system stability and DC bus voltage regulation.Simulation and experimental results validate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed algorithm, both results show the superiority of the proposed State-Flow based MPPT in reducing the RESs power oscillations at steady-state in various operating conditions in addition to its faster start-up and transition operation without divergence from the MPP during sudden varying weather conditions
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Gonzalez, Campos Jose Alberto. "Design and Experimentation of Darrieus Vertical Axis Wind Turbines." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1594690510943748.
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Pavlic, Theodore P. "Optimal Foraging Theory Revisited." Connect to resource, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1181936683.
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Berhail, Abdelkader. "Commande d'une éolienne à base de GSAP connectée au réseau électrique par convertisseur multiniveaux." Thèse, 2020. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/id/eprint/9562/1/eprint9562.pdf.
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Chen, Yi-Huan, and 陳以桓. "MPPT Control for Hybrid Wind Power Generation Systems." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38903316412187895944.
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碩士中原大學
電機工程研究所
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The purpose of this thesis is to design a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller for wind power generation systems in a hybrid energy structure. First, a rotor speed estimation is designed for the wind power generation system for speed sensorless MPPT control. Then, based on the estimated generator speed , a reference current for maximum power point operation is obtained. Accordingly, a boost converter along with sliding mode current controller is used for the MPPT. In detail, the super-twisting sliding mode observer and the second-order sliding mode observer are designed for generator speed estimation. The two observers assure finite-time convergent stability. As a result, the reference current of the maximum power point can be determined on-line. For the MPPT, the sliding mode current controller is developed for the boost converter which is parallel with the other boost converter from battery source. In the hybrid energy structure, the wind power system is always assured in the maximum power operation while the battery source will compensate the lacked power. To verify the validty of the developed system, the simulations and experiments are done by Matlab software and dSPACE DS1103 DSP card. Finally, some comparisons are performed in this thesis.
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Lima, Telmo de Sousa. "MPPT for a photovoltaic micro-inverter." Dissertação, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/65625.
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Lima, Telmo de Sousa. "MPPT for a photovoltaic micro-inverter." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/65625.
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Alexandre, Vitor Manuel de Brito. "Módulo inversor on-line para aplicações de energia renovável." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/8186.
Full textAbstract:
Resumo
Este projeto surge como continuação de um projeto realizado na Licenciatura em
Engenharia Electrotécnica e de computadores, no Instituto Politécnico de Tomar, onde foi
iniciado o estudo de um módulo inversor on-line para aplicações de energia renovável.
Este inversor on-line é constituído por uma cascata de dois conversores, que são:
conversor Flyback e o conversor Full-Bridge. O conversor Flyback tem um controlo MPPT
e tem como função poder entregar o máximo de potência disponível do painel solar ou
gerador eólico, na sua saída. Na saída deste, está a entrada do conversor Full-Bridge que
possui um controlo em modo de corrente. O conversor Full-Bridge tem como função
entregar a energia à rede de forma sinusoidal. Para poder gerar uma saída com uma onda
sinusoidal, o controlo deste bloco tem modulação a 3 níveis.
De forma a verificar o correto funcionamento deste sistema, foi inicialmente utilizado
um conversor Boost ao invés do Flyback. Após a sua substituição pelo Flyback, o controlo
MPPT teve se sofrer algumas alterações a fim de que o sistema funcionasse de forma
correta.Instituto Politécnico de Tomar
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Carreiró, Miguel Cardoso. "Controlo de MPPT para Conversor DC-DC integrado alimentado por célula fotovoltaica." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/120559.
Full textAbstract:
Atualmente, a humanidade tenta procurar maneiras de fazer com que o dia a dia seja o mais fácil e conveniente possível. Deste modo, existe interesse em fazer com que os dispositivos utilizados diariamente se tornem o mais leve e pequeno possível.Consequentemente, esta procura faz com que tenha havido um grande aumento de dispositivos eletrônicos portáteis e IoT. Assim sendo, o aumento da utilização de dispositivos eletrônicos portáteis é previsto, de modo a que o estilo de vida humano se torne o mais facilitado possível.Dispositivos elétricos portáteis por norma são equipamentos de baixa potência, possibilitando que estes sejam alimentados através de energias renováveis. Visto que a maior parte das energias renováveis apresenta baixa densidade de potência, a fonte renovavel mais atrativa é a energia solar, visto que esta apresenta a maior densidade de energia quando comparada a outras. Dado que, a energia recolhida por fontes renováveis não é adequada para utilização direta, a aplicação de um conversor DC-DC é necessária de modo a adaptar e levantar a tenção recebida para alimentação de um dispositivo eletrónico. Finalmente, será necessária uma técnica MPPT de modo a que a célula fotovoltaica possa funcionar com máximo de eficiência, de modo a que seja maximizada a energia disponível. Deste modo, esta tese propõe a análise de dois diferentes métodos MPPT (Perturbar & Observar e Condutância Incremental) e suas performances.Os métodos MPPT foram testados com uma célula fotovoltaica subjugada a diferentes valores de irradiação (1000𝑊/𝑚2,750𝑊/𝑚2𝑒500𝑊/𝑚2,𝑎25°C) e temperatura (35°C,25°C𝑒15°C,𝑎1000𝑊/𝑚2).O sistema com o método Perturbar & Observar obteve uma eficiência de 99.39%a 1000𝑊/𝑚2,99.97%a 750𝑊/𝑚2e 75.11%a 500𝑊/𝑚2,mantendo sempre uma eficiência superior a 99.30%com as diferentes alterações de temperatura. Finalmente, usando o método de Condutância Incremental obtiveram-se eficiências de 99.57%a 1000𝑊/𝑚2,88.08%a 750𝑊/𝑚2e 62.88%a 500𝑊/𝑚2,mantendo sempre uma eficiências superior a 99.04%com as diferentes alterações de temperatura. Os resultados demonstram que ambos os métodos são adequados para implementação com sistemas de recolha de dispositivos portáteis.In the present time, humans try to research ways to make life as easy and convenient as possible. Thus, there isa growing interest in making everyday devices as small and as lightweight as possible.Consequently, there has been an increase in portable electronic devices and IoT. With this type of innovations,an increase in small portable devices is expected,that look to make the human lifestyle as practical as possible. Portable devices are generally low power equipment, this enables the possibility of powering these through renewable energy. Since most of the renewable energies have low power density, the most appealing resource is the solar energy, being that the power density of the photovoltaic energy stands out when compared to the others.Since the use of raw renewable energy is not suited to direct utilization a DC-DC converter is required to adapt and boost the voltage fed to the device. Finally, it is required a MPPT technique so that the PV cellc an function at its peak efficiency, in order to maximize the low energy available.Therefore, this thesis proposes the analyse of two different MPPT methods (Perturb & Observe and Incremental Conductance) and in both performances.The MPPT methods were tested with the PV cell subjected to different irradiations (1000𝑊/𝑚2,750𝑊/𝑚2and500𝑊/𝑚2, with 25°C) and temperatures (35°C,25°Cand 15°C, with 1000𝑊/𝑚2). The system with the Perturb & Observe technique obtained an efficiency of 99.39%with 1000𝑊/𝑚2, 99.97%with 750𝑊/𝑚2and 75.11%with 500𝑊/𝑚2, while maintaining an efficiency above 99.30% with the different temperatures. Finally, using the Incremental Conductance technique obtained an efficiency of 99.57%with 1000𝑊/𝑚2, 88.08%with 750𝑊/𝑚2 and 62.88%with 500𝑊/𝑚2, while maintaining an efficiency above 99.04%with the different temperatures. The results demonstrate that both methods used are suitable to implement with harvesting systems of portable devices.