Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Contrôle psychologique'
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Garant, Vivianne. "Perception de contrôle, désir de contrôle et santé psychologique." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1993. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5253/1/000607725.pdf.
Full textMartin, Sophie. "De l'inhibition contrôlée au contrôle de l'inhibition : une approche fonctionnelle du déficit lors du vieillissement." Montpellier 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON30015.
Full textInhibitory changes are often referred as an explaining factor for age differences in performance. The question of the multiplicity of inhibitory functions is elusive. Whereas taxonomies of independent inhibitory processes are proposed, we actually think that a level of processing view allows a unitary and automatic comprehension of inhibition. Through a negative priming modified version, we investigated whether primes presented before targets in a gender categorisation task give rise to behavioural costs when pairs are mapped to the same response compared to pairs mapped to opposite ones. Seven experiments suggest that a consideration of capacity is needed when assessing the presence of age differences in inhibitory performance, and that a processing memory account can explain dissociations during aging without referring to a set of independent inhibitory processes. We concluded that studies referring to aging have to focus on specific age modifications to avoid circular and erroneous conclusions
Chabot, Jonathan. "Différences de contrôle entre les conjoints, ajustement dyadique et détresse psychologique." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1999. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/3361/1/000663248.pdf.
Full textTremblay, Catherine. "Contrôle psychologique parental et symptômes internalisés : le rôle protecteur du mentorat." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29483.
Full textClément, Céline. "L'ontogenèse du contrôle temporel du comportement humain envisagé comme un système dynamique non linéaire." Lille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIL30027.
Full textOung, Bouchra. "Contrôle et croyances devant un événement inexplicable : processus généraux et contexte culturel." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100050.
Full textThe author's work is to establish the cognitive processes from which individuals deal with a message whose aim is to persuade them that an " inexplicable " event happened. In a first experiment, she points out that the individuals put first in a situation of cognitive control and then exposed to a " fantastic " rhetoric message (versus factual) understand it in a " systematic " way rather than in a " heuristic " way. In a second experiment, she shows that, in an attempt to nevertheless explain that event, those same individuals turn to " wild beliefs " (non-socially implemented by institutions nor Schools. . . ). In a third experiment, she focuses on showing that final year students in high schools, identified as "Muslims", not only exposed to a message that places this event in a cultural context from the Maghreb but as well under the effect of those same factors, tend to turn more to data extracted from their own corpus of beliefs
Vautier, Stéphane. "L'allocation du contrôle dans les dialogues apprenant-tutoriel : efficacité et limites de l'auto-contrôle." Toulouse 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU20001.
Full textLearner control research since the 70th shows that learner control is rarely efficient. Actually, finer grained analyze s just begin to be performed to understand learners' difficulties. From an ergonomic point of view, one does not know how take into account the control skills of users to optimise the interaction. An hypermedia has been designed, developed then tested in a greta ; activity analyzes showed that executive regulation required at a high level of learner control is often ineffective for learners with few experience. A second experiment, designed to show elementary mechanisms of missing knowledge acquisition using passive help and their triggering conditions, showed that learners are able to monitor their cognitive needs if the learning task structure is well known
Gendron, Linda. "Stratégies de contrôle de pensées chez les gens souffrant d'insommie." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/41985.
Full textGalas, Rebsamen Maryline. "Approche cognitive du contrôle qualité : de l'analyse de la tâche à la formation : le cas du contrôle des verres ophtalmiques chez ESSILOR." Dijon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DIJOL026.
Full textMartin, de Viviés Xavier de. "Le rôle des connaissances dans le contrôle de l'activité cognitive." Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX10005.
Full textBoudes, Nicole. "L'anticipation dans le contrôle des environnements dynamiques : le cas du contrôle du trafic aérien." Toulouse 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU20057.
Full textThis cognitive ergonomics research is part of an on-going effort to analyze time management in dynamic environments, which is an evolving domain. Its objective is to construct a cognitive model of anticipation in air traffic control, which could be used for decision support system design in this situation. Numerous studies have previously emphasized, on one hand the need for operators to anticipate the future development of the controlled environment so as to avoid the development of disturbances, and on the other hand, the complexity and the demand associated with this activity. The anticipation activity implies temporal information processing and concerns three dimensions: spontaneous evolutions, effects of actions, evolutions related to the team members' activity. In air traffic control, we analyzed the anticipation with interviews and written data gathered in a dynamic and realistic simulated control situation. We showed that anticipation depends on filtering strategies, which leads to some variations in the content of the anticipation range, according to the task objectives. Concerning the accuracy of the estimations, we studied the time horizon effects on the possibility for operators to anticipate the future positions of certain aircraft. Results showed some biases that were analyzed in relation to the operator's objectives and the characteristics of the task. The experimental study expressed the importance of the context in anticipation and its links with the whole set of cognitive activities. On the applied aspect, we got a better understanding of anticipation, which is a central activity in air traffic control, and that allowed us to consider the possibilities to use this knowledge in decision support system design
Sikorski, Stéphane. "Approche pluridisciplinaire de l'étude d'activités collectives finalisées : les interactions pilote - copilote lors du traitement d'instructions du contrôle aérien transmises par datalink." Toulouse 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU20052.
Full textHalimi, Laurence. "Observance et asthme sévère : aspects psychologiques." Montpellier 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON30050.
Full textAsthma is a chronic disease and its severity is increasing. In France, 2000 asthma-related deaths are reported annually and therapeutic adherence is partly to blame. It is a well-known fact that psychopathological problems may influence adherence, but the literature continues to question the biopsychosocial characteristics linked to this behaviour. The aim of the study is to evaluate the psychosocial aspects that are involved in the adoption of this type of behaviour. Sixty people with severe asthma were followed-up at the University Hospital of Montpellier (6 visits a year by each patient). General therapeutic adherence was assessed by a lung specialist and specific adherence was monitored electronically using a peak-flow meter. Control beliefs about life events (Locus of Control), extraversion and neuroticism were all examined at the beginning and at the end of the study. The stability of these variables was analysed. Perceived control and self-image were evaluated at the end of the study. The results obtained using the evaluation of specific adherence would suggest that external control beliefs and extraversion both interfere with therapeutic adherence. These variables are constant. Self-image also differs depending on adherence. Neuroticim and perceived control are not related to adherence. Results also indicate that age and social desirability are linked to the adoption of this behaviour. Doctors' assessment of general adherence is variable and individuals cannot be distinguished on a psychological basis. The results lead to questions such as the concept and measurement of therapeutic adherence
Bellot, Cécile. "Schizophrénie et capacité de sélection : quel rôle de l'inhibition et du contrôle attentionnel ?" Montpellier 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON30095.
Full textSchizophrenic patients have difficulties proceeding correctly everyday‐life’s information as they have in cognitive tests. For the present work we wanted to investigate which dysfunctions of the cognitive processes are able to explain those difficulties. Literature shows that inhibition troubles of non‐pertinent information cause a false processing of schizophrenic patients’ information. Our objectives is to show that those failures can also be lead by a lack of attentionnal control. Modifying the paradigm of repeated recuperation (Anderson et al. , 1994) we were able to show that the RIFeffect (Retrieval Induced Forgetting) could rather be a result of a lack of attentionnal control than of an inhibition of recuperation. In the same way, looking at schizophrenic patients, our results show that a deficiency in the selection of pertinent information could be a consequence of a dysfunction of the control function rather than a consequence of an inhibition deficiency. If schizophrenic patients are unable to complete a task implying a control process (Jacoby, 1991), they are able to apply a strategy using an automatic processing of the environment (revelation effect). Schizophrenia could be associated with SAS inefficiency (Norman and Shallice, 1986), so the patients suffering from it use automatic processes to interact with the environment. In order to cure cognitive deficiencies associated with schizophrenia our results show the need of applying strategies or cognitive aid implicating the integrity of automatic processes
Lemercier, Céline. "L'effet d'interférence Stroop : place du contrôle attentionnel dans la résolution de l'item double." Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT5004.
Full textFortin-Guichard, Daniel. "Prédictions sportives chez des athlètes de basketball : perception d'efficacité personnelle et illusion de contrôle." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26754.
Full textMany athletes bet on sport events and their sport knowledge could emphasize their feeling of competence predicting the results. Theories such as self-efficacy belief (SEB) and illusion of control can address this feeling of competence. Because SEB can generalize from a task to similar ones, athletes’ SEB regarding a sport task could generalize, as illusion of control, to sport predictions. The main purpose of the master’s thesis is to verify if SEB during a basketball task generalizes to sport predictions. A secondary goal is to verify the association between SEB and illusion of control during predictions. Twenty three collegiate basketball players were randomized to one of two conditions: increased or decreased SEB. During a basketball task, athletes had to predict the number of baskets they could fare and tried to achieve this number. To induce increased or decreased SEB, athletes are told they have two minutes to complete the task, when they have 15 % more or less of this time. They then make predictions on professional basketball and another professional sport. Results show a significant increase and decrease of SEB during the basketball task, without generalization to predictions. Athletes’ SEB was high on basketball predictions and moderate on the other sport, regardless of conditions. Also, the link between SEB and illusion of control did not reach significance. However, results illustrate that athletes show higher SEB on the basketball predictions compared to other sports. It appears that basketball players feel more competent predicting basketball events than another sport, regardless of their SEB in a motor basketball task.
Martinez, Frédéric. "Lien entre l'annonce du résultat d'autrui, l'illusion de contrôle et la prise de risque dans un jeu de hasard et d'argent : Validation expérimentale, Modélisation, Application." Toulouse 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU20084.
Full textThe aim of this work is to test the impact of another person's gain or losses on the risk taking in a gamble. First of all, it is suggested such a notification constitutes an interpersonal reference point when coding the various options of bets. Results show that being notified of another person's gains or losses increases risk taking - riskier bets are chosen. This increase in risk taking is in direct relation with the notified amount of gains or losses. Then, the causal model wherein the effect of this announcement on risk taking is mediated by thez illusion of control. Risk taking is measured by investment ratio and by the winning odds of the chosen bets. Illuson of control is measured by a subjectives estimations, and by duration of betting decision. Lastly, the findings may suggest a first theoretical and applied implication of this causal model
Amireault, Steve. "Modérateurs des relations intention-comportement et perception du contrôle-comportement et histoire familiale d'obésité : influences potentielles sur la pratique régulière de l'activité physique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24462/24462.pdf.
Full textPlacé, Ljubis̆a. "Caractéristiques des processus conscients et non conscients à travers deux paradigmes expérimentaux de la psychologie cognitive." Rennes 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN20045.
Full textResults of the first part reveal a distinction between executive attention, linking shortterm memory to access consciousness and sensorial attention, linking the sensorial register to short-term memory. Besides, if there is no conscious access to information without attention, there no maintenance of information in short-term memory without access consciousness control. Furthermore, the amount of information maintained in short-term memory (three or four is the maximum) influences attentional allocation to new information. Results of the second part show that subliminal priming depends on the nature of the unconscious processes involved : they must be automatic. Conversely, supraliminal priming depends on the nature of the conscious task : it must be controlled. Thus, a controlled process can only be activated consciously, whereas an automatic process, normally activated unconsciously, may also be activated consciously, but it generates a cost in terms of performance
Cantinotti, Michael. "Évaluation de la perception de déficit de contrôle et de l'excès aux appareils de loterie vidéo." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19466.
Full textGodin, Laurence. "Le mangeur en équilibre entre plaisir et contrôle : les formes de la normativité dans l'alimentation contemporaine." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27764/27764.pdf.
Full textSmith, Isabelle. "Les comportements de jeu et l'illusion de contrôle chez des universitaires avec et sans maîtrise des statistiques et des probabilités." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35235.
Full textAfter 30 years of research, it has been shown empirically that cognitive distortions act as fundamental factors underlying gambling and gambling problems. They are explained mainly by a misunderstanding of the notions of chance, statistics and probabilities (SP) and by an illusion of control over the outcome of the game. That is why prevention and treatment programs of gambling problems have been developed around the teaching of these mathematical concepts and correction of cognitive distortions. Despite a common use of these intervention techniques with problem gamblers, studies of gambling attitudes and behaviors have not all concluded that having or acquiring SP knowledge decreases gambling habits. The first study of this thesis thus sought to compare the gambling behavior of 45 university students and graduates demonstrating a reasonable mastery of SP to those of 29 people who do not demonstrate knowledge in this field of mathematics. The results show that the participation rate of the individuals surveyed is high, but that they gamble at a minimum frequency and that they invest little money, whether or not they have SP knowledge. In addition, they experience few gambling problems. The moderate contribution of SP knowledge on gambling behaviors of an already highly educated and low-gambling university population is discussed, as is the repetition of this absence of effect in the literature. These results have led to further our understanding of how individuals with high levels of education are also engaged in gambling activities, although we can expect a better understanding of the issues related to gambling and, as a result, to a greater precaution. That these people are tempted by gambling is surprising and brings its lot of questions. Their level of education is superior, but their gambling behaviors do not demonstrate it, which gives the impression that some of their characteristics could lead them to overestimate their ability to control the outcome of the games, rather than other types of erroneous beliefs. However, this hypothesis is neglected in the literature. From the data originally collected, the second study examines the relationship between the illusion of control over gambling and different cognitive and personality variables among 142 university students and graduates. First, it aims to draw a portrait of their beliefs related to gambling (illusion of control, gambler’s fallacy and superstitions) and other elements that can lead to an illusion of control, which are, the degree of optimism, the internality of their locus of control, whether or not they have particular SP knowledge, and their degree of confidence in their understanding of gambling. Finally, in a multiple regression model, this study tests potential predictors of the illusion of control related to gambling within this sample. The results agree on an association between higher SP knowledge, fewer misconceptions related to superstition, and a higher degree of optimism. A strong negative association also exists between illusion of control related to gambling and the degree of confidence about those gambling beliefs. Among these participants, the illusion of control over gambling can be predicted by a weaker SP knowledge, lower confidence in beliefs and being male. The function of doubt about gambling beliefs in educated individuals is examined in terms of potential metacognitive protective factor. The thesis concludes with a discussion about the implication of these results for the understanding of gambling in a context of cognitive switching in order to adapt prevention strategies. Finally, the strengths and limitations of the thesis are listed, and we make recommendations for variables and samples to be studied in the future.
Toscano, Anna. "Clinical and psychological factors associated with Health-related Quality of Life and treatment choice at cancer diagnosis and over the disease course." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT1034/document.
Full textAdvances in treatment and faster diagnosis have helped improve the survival rate for many cancers. Therefore, the need to find a way to help patients to maintain good psychological health and to increase Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) has become essential. The patients’ beliefs (Locus of Control, LOC) and the coping strategies are psychological variables can have an impact on patients’ HRQoL. The association of changes in HRQoL over time and coping and LOC was assessed in breast cancer and melanoma patients during 2 years post-diagnosis. In order to study if the patients’ beliefs also play a role in treatment decision making, the association between the treatment choice at diagnosis and patients’ beliefs and other medical and psychological variables was assessed. Some LOC sub-dimensions or coping strategies have an association with HRQoL change for breast cancer and melanoma, whereas some of them have an association only with one cancer type. Moreover, HRQoL does not evolve in the same way for both types of cancer. The belief of the control of the doctors on patient’s health was negatively associated with radical treatment choice. It seems that psychological therapies, that consider the patients’ coping strategies and beliefs, should be specific according to the type of cancer and time post-diagnosis. This work has also highlighted the importance of considering the psychological aspects of the doctor-patient relationship in shared medical decision making
Stefan, Jordy. "Influence de la présence d’un élément de la nature sur la santé et sur les comportements prosociaux." Thesis, Lorient, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORIL418/document.
Full textNature has indisputable effects on human health (Moore, 1981; Ulrich, 1984). The very first research works on this topic were inspired by traditional Japanese medicine. Indeed, at that time, “forest baths” were typically prescribed to patients, in order both to strengthen their immune system and to improve their well-being (Li, 2010). Interestingly, subsequent researches have demonstrated that solely a visual exposure to Nature was able to produce the same effects (Beukeboom, Langeveld, & Tanja-Dijkstra, 2012). To explain this impact of Nature on human health, both biophilia (Ulrich, 1993; Wilson, 1984) and the attention restoration theory (R. Kaplan & Kaplan, 1989; S. Kaplan, 1995) are the two main trends nowadays used by the scientific community. Nevertheless, none of these experiments were carried out in France, while it is clearly established that country’s culture has a significant influence on this Nature effect (Pascual et al., 2012). Moreover, it is relevant to note that up to now all the researches were only performed under both green Nature exposure and mild weather conditions. With the aim of starting to decipher more precisely the influence of the presence of a Nature component on human health and prosocial behavior, this present thesis describes eight experiments carried out in France, with several kinds of Nature exposures and Nature scenes. Results highlight the positive effects of Nature, whatever its type, i.e. green or not, in mild weather or not, with or without aquatic component, etc. Furthermore, this work brings to light than an olfactory stimulation (i.e. using fragrances of Nature) generates similar effects compared to a visual one. Altogether, the results appear to be closely related to the perceived control (freedom)
Maggio, Candice. "Le rôle du contrôle perçu dans la relation entre l’âge et la mémoire épisodique rétrospective et prospective." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR2018/document.
Full textPerceiving one’s own functioning as determined by one’s own actions and behaviors would be one of the key factors of successful cognitive aging. Perceived control would lead to sustained efforts to maintain a high level of cognitive performance despite advancing age, which would predict a positive evolution of cognitive abilities over time. Currently, many studies show that people with higher levels of sense of control have better memory performance than people who believe that events are beyond their control. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of empirical support concerning the hypothesis of a differential preservation of memory abilities as a function of levels of perceived control. Through three experimental studies and the validation of a new scale evaluating memory control beliefs, this thesis aimed to determine whether perceived control could make a positive contribution to memory aging and to identify the mechanisms that may explain the relationship between perceived control and episodic memory at different ages. Overall, our studies do not support the hypothesis that higher perceived control would moderate age-related differences in episodic memory. However, our work suggests that individuals, especially the older ones, who perceive their memory as controllable obtain better performance during memory tasks than those who perceive their memory as uncontrollable through greater and more efficient use of resource-demanding cognitive strategies
Guerdoux, Estelle. "Plainte mnésique et vieillissement : implication des processus automatiques et contrôlés." Montpellier 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON30075.
Full textWhereas subjective memory complaint is very common in later life, it remains an open question whether memory complaint does actually indicate cognitive impairment, because of its weak correlations with results on classic tests. In one hand, consensus is reached about an existing association between memory complaint and depression, anxiety or metacognitive decreased abilities. In another hand, previous researches have found selective age-related impairment in controlled influences of memory (recollection) in the presence of preserved automatic influences (habit). We argued that memory complaint results from an interaction between a subjective metacognitive awareness and a deficit in recollection. Using the Hay & Jacoby’s Habit paradigm (1996; 1999), an extension of the Jacoby’s (1991) Process-Dissociation Procedure, we have created a memory-slip test to separate the contribution of habit and recollection in a cued-recall task. By validating our tool, we showed that because a deficit of recollection, the effects of habit are sometimes left unopposed in middle-aged, older adults, depressed subjects, patients who suffer from Mild Cognitive Impairment and patients who suffer from Alzheimer Disease. It increased the likelihood that they will produce memory slips and that they will complain greater than control groups do about their memory (excepted in AD). Memory complaint finally differed qualitatively between young and elderly people in terms of both memory processes and metacognitive beliefs. Such dissociations support a model of dynamic cognition in which intentional influences and environmental support leave awareness and consciousness emerging
Piquard-Kipffer, Agnès. "Prédiction de la réussite ou de l'échec spécifiques en lecture au cycle 2 : suivi d'une population "à risque" et d'une population contrôle de la moyenne section de maternelle à la deuxième année de scolarisation primaire." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA070057.
Full textThe goal of this study was to design which set of skills among verbal and non verbal tasks would predict the ability of reading in French. We examined the hypothesis that predictors of reading involve specifically phonological processes of language. Children were tested in kindergarten and followed through the end of grade 2, separated in a group "at risk" and a control group. The results showed that 2 skills accounted for 43,5% of the variance in the level of reading : phoneme discrimination and naming speed. The reading of individual outcomes was predicted correctly for 83,5% of the children
Labonté, Sarah-Émilie. "Le projet professionnel des jeunes hommes inscrits en formation générale ou en formation professionnelle : le rôle médiateur de l'estime de soi, du sentiment de contrôle et de la détresse psychologique." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2012. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5198/1/030354403.pdf.
Full textHinault, Thomas. "Vieillissement et modulations séquentielles de l'exécution stratégique : le rôle du contrôle cognitif." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3026/document.
Full textRecent studies suggest that cognitive control mechanisms, allowing regulations of behavior to support goal-directed behaviors, are involved during strategy execution, together with aging effects therein. However, the processes involved and how they change with age need further investigations. The present work aims to study cognitive control processes involved in sequential modulations of strategy execution. It also examines how these mechanisms evolve during aging. Altogether, these findings reveal that, in contrast with theoretical models of strategies that assume strategy independence, strategy execution on a given trial is modulated as a function of strategy execution on previous trial. Moreover, neuroimaging data (i.e., electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography) showed a specific neural network activated during such sequential modulations, involving anterior cingulate and inferior frontal regions. These regions are known to be activated in conflict tasks. In older adults, a decline in sequential modulations of strategy execution was observed. However, some older adults showed preserved behavioral performance, associated with changes in time course and brain regions engaged. Such changes were interpreted as reflecting compensatory mechanisms involved to maintain behavioral performance similar to young adults. All in all, results specify the implication of cognitive control mechanisms in strategic processing, and in strategic variations during aging
Brodin, Isabelle Oliviane. "Les rumeurs sur les produits : une approche expérimentale de stratégies de contrôle sur l'attitude et les intentions d'achat des consommateurs sensibles." Aix-Marseille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX32037.
Full textThis research studies different means to reduce the effects of negative rumors on consummers attitude. The first part tresents the approaches, methodologies, knowledges and controversis about rumors. The questions of credibility and refutation are central. Information processing theory is the source of our hypothesis on : 1 personal sensitivity to credible and unlikely rumors. 2 relative effectiveness of strategies regarding the credibility of rumor and the traits of sensitive consumers. The second part presents the methodology and results of a replication of an american experiment; in our laboratoty experiment, consumers are french, identified beforehand as sensitive to a credible or an unlikely rumor, and four strategies are experienced : refutation, storage of a positive information in memory in the time of the diffusion of the rumor, retrieval of positive informations from memory, and debriefing about the unconscious processes of rumor. The results differ from those obtained in the u. S. A. , but do not question the contribution of information processing theory
Malleh, Neïla. "Causalité et contrôle perçu de la maladie cancéreuse et leurs effets sur le coping du malade." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100189/document.
Full textThis research proposes three objectives: the first one consists in bringing out the representations and the causes that the Tunisian patients attribute to the cancerous pathology. The second is to identify the beliefs concerning the perceived control of the disease evolution. Finally, the third objective is to seek the direct, mediate or moderate effect of a set of personal, medical and environmental variables on the coping of these patients. The results which we have come to, by means of a quantitative study, highlight the direct effect of the socio-cultural level of the patient on the choice of the problem-focused coping. This effect is partially mediated by a doctor-health locus of control, a strong personal perceived efficacy and a tendency towards optimism. In addition, a qualitative study has led to the appearance of notions such as realistic optimism, religious coping and belief in a just world. Such results support both the conception and the establishment of programs for the training and the development of human resources in order to promote the country's health system
Baussard, Louise. "Déterminants psychosociaux des trajectoires de fatigue chez des patients traités en chimiothérapie pour un cancer colorectal métastatique." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MON30040/document.
Full textCancer-related fatigue is a subjective and pervasive symptom, related to the disease and its treatments, and has a significant impact on patients' quality of life. This study has two fundamental goals: (1) to identify different fatigue trajectories in metastatic colorectal cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy; (2) to identify psychosocial determinants of these fatigue trajectories. A total of 169 patients were assessed for their level of fatigue at the beginning of a new chemotherapy cycle, and were subsequently followed every two weeks. Psychosocial variables such as anxiety, depression, perceived control, coping strategies, and social support were measured from the start. Four trajectories of physical fatigue were identified: 1) a trajectory of "intense fatigue" (6.51%), 2) a trajectory of "average fatigue" (48.52%), 3) an "increasing fatigue" trajectory over time characterized by non-fatigued patients at the inclusion (11.83%); finally, 4) a trajectory of resilient patients who report "no fatigue" during treatment (33.14%). While it appears that physical fatigue and depression are strongly associated, the results also show that poor adaptation (emotionally-focused coping) and little control over the evolution of the disease contribute to the intensity and the increase of fatigue over time.The identification of transactional variables in the explanation of this symptom makes it possible to envisage adapted psychosocial care, turned towards personalized medicine
Fortat, Vivien. "Coordination of individual choices and congestion in networks : experimental studies." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1G005.
Full textToday, networks are necessary to our society; we need them to provide access to fundamental needs like energy, transportation, natural resources or information. The main problem for those networks is that they might have to face congestion, resulting in a decrease of the users’ quality or even a failure of the network. In this thesis, several experimental studies will be presented. In the first chapter, the literature related to the topic is presented. In chapter two, we built a theoretical model of market entry game where congestion cost increases at a higher rate when the flow of entrants grows (snowball effect). We find no significant difference between the aggregated entry rates in our snowball game compared to usual MEG. For our third chapter, we have conducted an experiment aiming to analyze how agents coordinate their usage of a limited resource. Several ways to make users face congestion were tested. It appeared that on all treatments, players were unable to successfully coordinate on Nash equilibrium. We also observed that providing more precise information did not help to increase cooperation. Offering two pricing systems including a safe one increased average consumption while excluding biggest consumers in case of congestion significantly reduce average group consumption and also limited extreme value of consumption (low or high). In the fourth chapter, we studied how a regulator can influence social norm by implementing different policies. This experiment was conducted in Japan and France. We find that creating socially optimum social norm required to give enough incentive to cooperate to agents, but also required a strong impact on agents’ beliefs
Gombart, Samantha. "Connaissances et contrôle exécutif : Implication dans la cognition et facteurs de protection du vieillissement normal." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR2017/document.
Full textSeveral studies of cognitive aging allow to distinguish two key components of the cognition: « knowledge » defined as the general knowledge acquired throughout the life, and the « executive control », defined as the set of operations that control and regulate cognitive performance. These models suggest that the recourse to these two components evolves in a differential way during the life. Therefore, the objective of this work was to examine the implication of these two components in the cognition at different periods of life but also to determine whether one or the other of these components could play a protective role against the cognitive aging. Results suggest mainly that « control » is more involved in the cognition in older adults, and that this component moderates age-related effect on cognitive functioning
Turcotte, Isabelle. "Types d'insomnie chronique primaire, indices neurophysiologiques (potentiels évoqués cognitifs) et traits de personnalité." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28476/28476.pdf.
Full textGuillery, Murielle. "Rôle du contrôle cognitif dans les modulations du langage et des émotions : l'exemple de la schizophrénie et des troubles bipolaires." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN20070.
Full textThe present study explores the modulations of the emotional control in the interactions of the language and the emotions, to 23 affected subjects of schizophrenia in state of stabilization and 21 affected subjects of bipolar disorders in euthymic phase. The interactions were envisaged on one hand in the sense of the feelings via the language with an experimental taskof conditioned emotional Stroop, then in contrast in the sense of the language via the feelings with an experimental task of lexical decision with orthographic neighbors with emotional connotation. The results highlight an emotional positive hyper-reactivity in bipolar disorders and disorders of the emotional cognitive control in the schizophrenia. These two diseasespresent overlappings in the cognitive changes which do not still allow to distinguish cognitive markers. However, the results of this study indicate that the processes involved in the disturbances of the processing of the words with emotional connotation are of different natures between these two pathologies. From then on, the present study could turn out usefulto differentiate the schizophrenia of bipolar disorders
Debbabi, Khaoula. "Les déterminants cognitifs et affectifs de l'acceptabilité des nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication : le cas des Progiciels de Gestion Intégrée." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENH026/document.
Full textThis thesis provides us with relevant factors which served as predictions of intentions used through Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in the air transport sector in Tunisia. The introduction of such type of package implies changes in work's organizations and employees' apprehensions since it is to be considered as a complex process. The first empirical objective of this work is to pinpoint respectively the main role of the sense of self-efficacy, the perceived behavioral control and subjective workload in choosing adoption of such packages (study 1). The results indicate that interrelatedness is well marked and therefore, it has a significant influence in the use of the ERP. Both computer's self-efficiency and experienced self-control lead to a direct or indirect use of ERP through the perceived utility and relative usability of the package. Whereas, the subjective aspect of the workload go against a good use this tool. The components of subjective workload (mental workload, temporal workload, asked efforts, performance's level and frustration) have considerable effect in the formation of good willingness for the use of such software. This experienced negative effect stems its origins from the employee's frustration when using an ERP system. The study of different forms of frustration (Study 2) suggests that a greater impact is to be recorded, and then, a feeling of discouragement is far to be dismissed and it can be considered as more important than the perceived stress related with usability of the ERP. The present thesis has two layers of research: the first is a kind of theoretical contribution on the role of emotional determinants on the intentional use of ERP systems and the second is a practical contribution since it paves the way to a rethinking of the decisional invest in the implementation of such a package's in-put and therefore it mainstreams the effort of educators in the aim to reduce the subjective burden among employees during an actual and efficient use of the tool
Parrocchetti, Jean-Pierre. "Stress, coping et traits de personnalité (névrosisme et lieu de contrôle) chez des sauveteurs et des conseillers du Pôle Emploi." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3058/document.
Full textPurpose: This study aims at comparing professional rescuers and ordinary people, the way they react and they adjust to stress on different levels (perceived stress, neuroticism intensity, coping strategies, locus of control and posttraumatic stress disorder severity level ) in order to highlight the differences, the similarities and the links between the variables. The following hypothesis has been expressed: both groups (rescuers and job councellors) are different regarding perceived stress, neuroticism intensity, locus of control, the type of coping and the postttraumatic stress disorder severity level. Method: Population: 42 male individuals aged 24 to 55 (survey group: sea and moutain firefighters, High Mountain Squad gendarmes, bomb disposal experts, helicopter pilots and mechanics) and 42 individuals (33 women and 9 men) aged 24 to 59 (control group: job councellors) Tools: 5 scales have been filled in : PSS (perceived stress), EPI (neuroticism – extraversion / introversion), the Levenson scale (locus of control), WCC (coping) and QSPT (posttraumatic stress disorder). Results: the results bring to light that the rescuers show a lower level of perceived stress, of neuroticism, of external (P and C) and internal LOC, of emotional coping, of social support searching and of PTSD severity level than the job councellors. However, both groups do not differ significantly regarding the problem-focused coping. Conclusion: the harmful influence of environmental factors on the personality seems to determine the adjustment to stress and its traumatic consequences
Gimmig, David. "Pression évaluative, mémoire de travail et contre-performance cognitive : arguments pour une alternative à l’hypothèse de la distraction." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX10089.
Full textChabot, Jonathan. "Différences de contrôle entre les conjoints, ajustement dyadique et détresse psychologique /." Thèse, Trois-Rivières, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1999. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/03-2205980R.html.
Full textLee, Douglas. "The metacognitive control of decision-making." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS525.
Full textEverything we do is guided by value. In brief, the value we assign to something summarizes the impact we thinkitwill have on our lives. The term value can be used to assess virtually anything. Value is goal-dependent: e.g., value for water is different than value for a soft bed. Value is context-dependent: e.g., value for a hammer is different when building versus fishing. Value is subjective: e.g., a work of art might be treasure to some, garbage to others. Even when taking all this into account, however, the values that we express for particular options are not always consistent. We do not always choose according to our preferences, as derived byassessing options individually. Under current theories, such preference reversals are interpretedas errors that arise from unreliable signaling within the brain. We alternatively propose that people can change their mind after reassessing the value of options while pondering the decision. So, why do we carefully ponder some decisions, but not others? We develop a computational model of the metacognitive control of decisions, where we assume that the amount of cognitive resources deployed is controlled by an effort-confidence tradeoff. Importantly, the anticipated benefit of allocating resources varies according to difficulty and importance. The model predicts choices, choice confidence, mental effort, and preference change, in a critically different manner from current models. We compare and test these predictions in a systematic manner, using a dedicated behavioral paradigm. Our results provide a mechanistic link between effort, confidence, and preference reversals, in a way that has not previously been considered
Belletier, Clément. "Contrôle cognitif en situation d'audience et de coaction : Une approche à l'Interface de la Psychologie Sociale Expérimentale, de la Psychologie Cognitive et des Neurosciences Intégratives." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3113/document.
Full textThe presence of conspecifics is the basic element of the social context, whose experimental social psychology has been trying for a century to understand the influences (positive and negative) and underlying mechanisms. In humans, these influences on cognition often depend on the evaluative capacity of the person present. At the interface of social psychology, cognitive psychology, and integrative neuroscience, our thesis is that the presence of evaluative others (experimenter presence) temporarily weakens executive control, with a negative influence in complex activities involving response conflict, and a beneficial influence in activities requiring only the emission of automatic responses to succeed. Our results (four studies) support our thesis based on the coupling of the Simon task (measuring executive control) or its recent adaptation (shared version implying the presence of a coactor) with electromyographic recordings. Our findings confirm our integrative approach of social presence effects, whose practical implications are strong, particularly with regard to the study of cognitive processes in the laboratory
Lamotte, Mathilde. "Conscience du temps, sentiment de passage du temps : une approche métacognitive de la perception du temps." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF20001/document.
Full textMetacognition concerns both individuals' knowledge about their cognitive functioning and the processes that regulate them (Koriat, 2007). The study of the perception of time showed that many factors cause temporal distortions, including, for example, attention or feedback. The purpose of this work is thus to propose an integrative model of metacognition of time perception; i.e. to integrate data based on conventional research on the perception of time in a metacognitive model (Nelson and Narens 1990).Our first question was to verify the existence of knowledge about the perception of time, especially on the factors responsible for temporal distortions. The three experiments of our first study led us to create and validate the Metacognitive Questionnaire on Time (MQT). The latter consists of 24 items that highlights the existence of knowledge, more reliable for oneself (subscale Self, 12 items) than for others (subscale Others, 12 items), on two factors known to affect time perception: an Emotion Factor (4 items) and an Attention factor (8 items).Secondly, we studied the influence of metacognitive processes on temporal judgments. Thus, we are interested in the influence of metacognitive Control process on performances in two temporal tasks. Our hypothesis was that knowledge about time allowed regulating the temporal judgments. The results of our studies (Study 2 and 3, respectively composed of one and two experiments) confirmed the importance of the Control process on temporal judgments. Thus, mere awareness of the role of attention on perception of time causes a reduction of the attentional effect generally observed (Study 2). Moreover, explicit erroneous knowledge given to participants causes a reduction or even disappearance of automatic emotional effect of anger on the temporal judgments (Study 3). Finally, we have explored the link between Monitoring process and temporal judgments. Our fourth study demonstrated the ability of individuals to accurately estimate the accuracy of their temporal judgments under certain conditions. Indeed, it appears that individuals are sensitive to task difficulty and duration range. These two dimensions affect both temporal judgments and confidence level estimates.Overall, the results of this study emphasize the importance to take account of metacognitive processes in the study of the perception of time
Sarmadi, Farzaneh. "Toxicomanie, contrôle et estime de soi." Tours, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOUR2024.
Full textIn this dissertation, we have tried to explain our views on the problem of drug-addiction through the various notions of control: real self control, the belief in self control and the internality (locus of control, atribution) in a drug-addict. This work has been done through theoretical data and in a specific clinical context, in which drug-addiction means how to deal the withdrawal symptoms. The work consists in a general survey of drug-addiction and its various aspects: the drug-addict, drug, psychopathology and the etiology in relationship with this problem. We have approached the following research lines: drug addiction and self control, the belief in self control and the narcissistic belief or self-esteeming in the drug-addict, together with the problems of self control and how to deal with the lack of self-control always present in a drug-addict especially in one undergoing withdrawal symptoms. Our purpose was to understand why and how an individual resorts to drug and to observe the level of effective self-control and its variations in the drug addict, whether he has taken drug or under withdrawal symptoms tand. Thus we wanted to see the signs of narcissistic belief or self-esteeming in a drug-addict. The problematic of self control and the environment for the drug-addict are considered by us as very important and we mean to examine those processes possibly in a pathological contest, such as the self control pathology which will lead us to the conclusion that drug addiction is a lack of self-control. The level of self control in a drug addict or any drug consumer varies according to the drug used and to the dosage used, as well as to the basic structure of a personality, which is always influenced by social and environmental factors. Moreover in drug addiction, the essential variations of self control depend on the drug addiction itself and on the withdrawal symptoms
Nugier, Armelle. "Déviance, émotions morales, et contrôle social informel : le rôle des émotions dans la régulation des comportements contre-normatifs." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CLF20008.
Full textGrisetto, Fanny. "Impulsivity is not just disinhibition : investigating the effects of impulsivity on the adaptation of cognitive control mechanisms." Thesis, Lille 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL3H031.
Full textImpulsivity is a behavioral tendency frequently observed in the general population butat different degrees. Interestingly, higher impulsivity increases the probability to develop and to be diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder, such as substance use or personality disorders. To gain a better understanding on the emergence of such psychiatric disorders, my PhD project focused on the role of cognitive control in impulsive manifestations. Indeed, cognitive control is a set of basic executive functions ensuring adaptive behaviors to an ever-changing and complex environment. More particularly, during my PhD research, I investigated the flexible adaptation between reactive and proactive control mechanisms in impulsive individuals, mainly from the general population but also from an alcohol-dependent population.The first three studies of my thesis revealed that high impulsivity was characterizedby a less-proactive cognitive control system, and associated with a weaker adaptation ofcognitive control mechanisms both to external demands and internal constraints. Morespecifically, I observed that high impulsive individuals less exert proactive control whileit should be favored given contextual or individual characteristics. In the fourth study inwhich EEG signals were recorded, we were interested in the brain activity that is typicallyobserved during errors (i.e., the ERN/Ne), which is thought to signal the need for control.A reduction in this brain activity was observed in high aggressive individuals, but notin high impulsive individuals. This finding suggest that the emergence of maladaptivebehaviors may be explained, to a certain extent, by the reduced alarm signal. Finally, somepreliminary results suggest a link between a peripheral index of physiological adaptation(i.e., HRV) and the capacity to adapt control mechanisms. These findings open newavenues for therapeutic interventions in the reduction in maladaptive behaviors.Overall, findings from the current thesis suggest that impulsivity in the general population is associated with a less proactive and a less flexible cognitive control system, potentially leading to inappropriate behaviors when the control mechanisms at play are maladapted
Aballache, Seltana. "De la dictature de la horde au retour du mythe : la transgression de l'inceste." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05H122.
Full textThis research has as a simple ambition: to validate the hypothesis of the revival of the primitive hoard myth in instances of incest, and to justify that incest is not only a crime that affects the personn but that also disorganizes what one could call the space of the collective myth. The development of the thesis occurs in three thrusts: firstly, to apply an anthropological approach to incest, including the concept of the didactorship of the hoard; secondly, to illuminate the ontogenesis of incest, examining the mental reorganization that occurs due to the impact of incest; and thirdly to apply a sociopolitical approach that demonstrates the social and legal realities of incest, and which pays attention to the human figures facing this trauma. To this extent, this thesis examines the collective inside the survivors themselves, and then proceeds as far as possible through the methods of consultation thereby ensuring the relevancy of a psychoanalytical approach to that of the political. To this extent, my analysis considers the collective inside the person. This raises questions concerning how such a crime of infringement impacts upon the identity of the person towards the dumbfounded incest and on the human being collective thought. In other words, this research is based on the collective, the human and the reality. Those three parts - anthropological (the collective), the ontogenesis (the human being) and the sociopolitical (the reality) - coincide with the temporal psychalthought that an incest-survivor covers. This clinical analysis is directed towards a group dynamics approach, intergrating the experience of the collective as they face incest. The group imposes as a thinging axis (taking into account differences in generations and sex). The analysis of the transference and counter-transference is considered through the realms of anger, roving and humor as well as efforts undertaken to avoid violence
Robert, Philippe. "Les expressions non verbales en therapie familiale." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05H086.
Full textMestre, Daniel. "Contrôle visuel du déplacement : l'exemple du pilotage portuaire." Aix-Marseille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX10052.
Full textInteractive simulation of the visual control of displacement allowed to study the parameters of the visual scene which are treated by the human subject, when moving in the environment. Starting from the static aspects of visual stimulation, we demonstrated the positive role played by the representation of the observer's rotational and translational movements. The results of the presented works suggest that the control of the spatial properties of displacement, such as stability and position of the trajectories, can be carried out using the perception of the changing optic array. The visual data processing seems meanwhile dependent on cognitive prerequisites, such as the rigidity of the environment or the presence of a support surface. The implications of this research for the development of visual aids for displacement are discussed
Abdellaoui, Sid. "Stratégies sociocognitives du détenu : recherche de contrôle et recherche d'identité avant et après jugement." Université Pierre Mendès France (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE29015.
Full textSOMES POSTULATS CLASSICALLY ACCEPTED ON SOCIAL IDENTITY AND THE FEELING OF CONTROL HAVE BEEN TESTED AMONG 160 FRENCH PRISONERS. THE AUTHOR HAS CARRIED OUT 22 NEAR-EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS AIMING AT NOTICEING THE TYPES OF STRATEGIES SPREAD OUT BY THE PRISONER ACCORDING TO HE IS A DEFENDANT (BEFORE HIS JUDGMENT) OR A SENTENCED PERSON (AFTER JUDGEMENT). THE CRITERIA RELATIVE TO THE TYPE OF CRIME, TO SUBSEQUENT OFFENSE, TO THE length OF TIME HAVE BEEN CONTROLED. THE GENERAL HYPOTHESIS FORESEES THAT IMPRISONMENT HAS AN ACTION ON SPECIFIC DIMENSIONS CONCERNING BOTH THE IDENTITY REGISTER (SELF-ESTEEM, SOCIAL JUGMENT, ETC. ) AND THAT OF THE CONTROLLABILITY (INTERNALITY, MORAL JUDGMENT, ETC. ). THE ANALYSIS OF SOCIOCOGNITIVE PROCESSES REVEAL THE USE OF DIFFERENT STRATEGIES ACCORDING TO THE PRISONER IS WAITING FOR JUDGMENT OR IS BEING SERVED HIS SENTENCE. IN CONFORMITY WITH SOCIAL IDENTITY THEORY (TAJFEL, 1979, 1982) AND TO ELLEMERS' RESEARCH (1989), THE SENTENCED PERSON RATHER SEEKS TO DISTINGUIH HIMSELF FROM ANY THREATENING GROUP BELONGING THAT THE DEFENDANT DOES. WHEN IT COMES TO INTERNAL BELIEFS AND STRATEGIES OF CONTROL ON EVENTS, THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DEFENDANT AND SENTENCED DO NOT ALLOW TO PLEAD IN FAVOUR OF THE IDEA ACCORDING WHICH THE DEFENDANT WOULD SHOW MORE NEED TO CONTROL HIS ENVIRONMENT. ON THE OTHER HAND, THE ANALYSIS OF SOCIO-MORAL VALUE JUDGMENTS INDICATE SPECIFIC STYLE OF JUDGMENT IN WHAT THE DEFENDANT COULD WISH CONCERNING HIS OWN JUDGMENT. THIS CONFIRMS THE IDEA OF A STRONG WILLING TO REORIENTATE THE DESTINY IN THE DEFENDANT (DELHOMME, 1987) AND MORE CLEARLY WHEN THE LATTER IS NOT ISOLATED (AS FOR SEXUAL CRIME) FROM THE OTHER PRISONERS. THE ANALYSIS OF CORRELATIONS BETWEEN IDENTITY AND CONTROL RATES SHOW SIGNIFICANT RELATIONS BETWEEN INTERNALITY AND JUDGMENT OF TRANSGRESSIONS OR OF TRANSGRESSORS BEFORE JUDGMENT. WHEREAS THE PROCESSES IN RELATION TO INTERNALITY ANT TO IDENTITY ONLY INTERACT EXCLUSIVELY IF THE PRISONER HAS BEEN DEFINITIVELY RECOGNIZED GUILT