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Journal articles on the topic 'Contrôle top-down'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

KIMURA, Motohiro, and Yuji TAKEDA. "Top-down Control over the Processing of Task-irrelevant Rule Violation:Evidence from Visual Mismatch Negativity." Japanese Journal of Physiological Psychology and Psychophysiology 33, no. 1 (2015): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5674/jjppp.1504si.

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2

Yoshida, T., S. Ban, T. Takenouchi, T. Aono, Y. Ishikawa, H. Mikami, K. Takano, K. Imada, R. Yasutomi, and K. Takeuchi. "Top-down control of population dynamics of the dominant rotifers in two mesotrophic lakes in Hokkaido, Japan." Fundamental and Applied Limnology 148, no. 4 (June 28, 2000): 481–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/148/2000/481.

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3

Kwak, Nam-Su, Choul-Jun Choi, and Jeong-Gi Lee. "A Study on the Shape Control of Multiple Layers for PES Nanofiber Using Electrospinning Method of Top-down Spinning." International Journal of Materials Science and Engineering 7, no. 3 (September 2019): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17706/ijmse.2019.7.3.81-88.

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4

Chernyak, D. A., and L. W. Stark. "Top-down guided eye movements." IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics) 31, no. 4 (2001): 514–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3477.938257.

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5

Zhu, Jun, Yuanyuan Qiu, Rui Zhang, Jun Huang, and Wenjun Zhang. "Top-Down Saliency Detection via Contextual Pooling." Journal of Signal Processing Systems 74, no. 1 (June 20, 2013): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11265-013-0768-9.

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6

le Roux, J. D., S. Skogestad, and I. K. Craig. "Plant-wide control of grinding mill circuits: Top-down analysis." IFAC-PapersOnLine 49, no. 20 (2016): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.10.099.

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7

Ullman, Jeffrey D., and Allen Van Gelder. "Efficient tests for top-down termination of logical rules." Journal of the ACM 35, no. 2 (April 1988): 345–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/42282.42285.

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8

Zerlin, Benno, Michel T. Ivrlač, Wolfgang Utschick, and Josef A. Nossek. "Joint optimization of radio parameters—A top–down approach." Signal Processing 86, no. 8 (August 2006): 1773–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2005.09.030.

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9

Madhav, Manu S., and Noah J. Cowan. "The Synergy Between Neuroscience and Control Theory: The Nervous System as Inspiration for Hard Control Challenges." Annual Review of Control, Robotics, and Autonomous Systems 3, no. 1 (May 3, 2020): 243–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-control-060117-104856.

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Here, we review the role of control theory in modeling neural control systems through a top-down analysis approach. Specifically, we examine the role of the brain and central nervous system as the controller in the organism, connected to but isolated from the rest of the animal through insulated interfaces. Though biological and engineering control systems operate on similar principles, they differ in several critical features, which makes drawing inspiration from biology for engineering controllers challenging but worthwhile. We also outline a procedure that the control theorist can use to draw inspiration from the biological controller: starting from the intact, behaving animal; designing experiments to deconstruct and model hierarchies of feedback; modifying feedback topologies; perturbing inputs and plant dynamics; using the resultant outputs to perform system identification; and tuning and validating the resultant control-theoretic model using specially engineered robophysical models.

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10

Rokach, L., and O. Maimon. "Top-Down Induction of Decision Trees Classifiers—A Survey." IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews) 35, no. 4 (November 2005): 476–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsmcc.2004.843247.

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11

Morikawa, Kyojiro, Yutaka Kazoe, Yuto Takagi, Yoshiyuki Tsuyama, Yuriy Pihosh, Takehiko Tsukahara, and Takehiko Kitamori. "Advanced Top-Down Fabrication for a Fused Silica Nanofluidic Device." Micromachines 11, no. 11 (November 9, 2020): 995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11110995.

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Nanofluidics have recently attracted significant attention with regard to the development of new functionalities and applications, and producing new functional devices utilizing nanofluidics will require the fabrication of nanochannels. Fused silica nanofluidic devices fabricated by top-down methods are a promising approach to realizing this goal. Our group previously demonstrated the analysis of a living single cell using such a device, incorporating nanochannels having different sizes (102–103 nm) and with branched and confluent structures and surface patterning. However, fabrication of geometrically-controlled nanochannels on the 101 nm size scale by top-down methods on a fused silica substrate, and the fabrication of micro-nano interfaces on a single substrate, remain challenging. In the present study, the smallest-ever square nanochannels (with a size of 50 nm) were fabricated on fused silica substrates by optimizing the electron beam exposure time, and the absence of channel breaks was confirmed by streaming current measurements. In addition, micro-nano interfaces between 103 nm nanochannels and 101 μm microchannels were fabricated on a single substrate by controlling the hydrophobicity of the nanochannel surfaces. A micro-nano interface for a single cell analysis device, in which a nanochannel was connected to a 101 μm single cell chamber, was also fabricated. These new fabrication procedures are expected to advance the basic technologies employed in the field of nanofluidics.

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12

Estermann, Thomas, Simon Köppl, and Adrian Ostermann. "Top-Down modelling of distributed flexibility for usage at higher voltage levels." IFAC-PapersOnLine 53, no. 2 (2020): 12183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2020.12.1055.

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13

Motoyama, Takatoshi, and Kai Cai. "Top-Down Synthesis of Multiagent Formation Control: An Eigenstructure Assignment Based Approach." IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems 6, no. 4 (December 2019): 1404–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcns.2019.2890980.

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14

Wang, Xi, Thomas Moor, and Zhiwu Li. "Top-Down Nested Supervisory Control of State-Tree Structures Based on State Aggregations." IFAC-PapersOnLine 53, no. 2 (2020): 11175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2020.12.300.

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15

Seidl, Helmut, Sebastian Maneth, and Gregor Kemper. "Equivalence of Deterministic Top-Down Tree-to-String Transducers Is Decidable." Journal of the ACM 65, no. 4 (August 16, 2018): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3182653.

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16

Caspari, Adrian, Calvin Tsay, Adel Mhamdi, Michael Baldea, and Alexander Mitsos. "The integration of scheduling and control: Top-down vs. bottom-up." Journal of Process Control 91 (July 2020): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jprocont.2020.05.008.

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17

Wu, Yu-Chieh. "A top-down information theoretic word clustering algorithm for phrase recognition." Information Sciences 275 (August 2014): 213–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2014.02.033.

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18

Chiu, Chao-Ying, and Alan D. Russell. "Design of a construction management data visualization environment: A top–down approach." Automation in Construction 20, no. 4 (July 2011): 399–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2010.11.010.

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19

Iasulaitis, Sylvia. "MODALIDADES DE PARTICIPAÇÃO POLÍTICA EM WEBSITES ELEITORAIS: UMA ANÁLISE DE FÓRUNS DE DISCUSSÃO COM UMA PROPOSTA METODOLÓGICA." Revista Debates 6, no. 2 (August 29, 2012): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1982-5269.23831.

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O objetivo neste artigo é analisar os fóruns de discussão para debate de propostas de governo durante o pleito presidencial brasileiro de 2010, com o intuito de averiguar a lógica dos candidatos na utilização destas ferramentas, o nível de controle e o teor das trocas discursivas. O modelo apresentado consiste em uma proposta metodológica para análise de fóruns de discussão em campanhas eleitorais, com base em sete dimensões: avaliação dos constrangimentos e incentivos à participação, inclusividade, reciprocidade, respeito mútuo, identificação, grau de heterogeneidade e tematização e conteúdo. Conclui-se que os candidatos se atentaram para o fato de que é estratégico se beneficiar da nova arquitetura de participação da Web 2.0 e da inteligência coletiva, mas o modelo de campanha permanece sendo top-down, com um controle firme e centralizado.

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20

Santiago, Renato Júnior Almeida, and Douglas Roriz Caliman. "FATORES INIBIDORES DA INSTITUCIONALIZAÇÃO DO ORÇAMENTO COMO FERRAMENTA DE CONTROLE GERENCIAL." Revista de Contabilidade da UFBA 13, no. 1 (February 8, 2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/rc-ufba.v13i1.27589.

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<p>O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar, descrever e analisar os fatores que inibem a institucionalização do orçamento como ferramenta gerencial em um grupo empresarial, localizado na região da Grande Vitória/ES. O referencial teórico abordou a Teoria Institucional e do Orçamento Empresarial. O estudo contribui para o modelo já desenvolvido por Frezatti (2011), avançado por Caliman (2014), Junqueira e outros (2015) e Caliman e outros (2016). Na pesquisa, aplicou-se os procedimentos e regras voltadas para estudos de casos, formatadas por Yin (2001). Na coleta dos dados utilizou-se como instrumento a entrevista semiestruturada, a observação não participante e análise documental. Na análise dos mesmos, aplicou-se o método de Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin (2011). No total, foram entrevistados 06 indivíduos. Foram identificados 17 fatores que inibem a institucionalização do Orçamento. Dentre eles, destaca-se o fator referente às "relações informais”, dentro da categoria “relações políticas”, além dos fatores “Imprevisibilidade e Comunicação Top Down”, também identificados em pesquisas similares. Considera-se que o orçamento no grupo empresarial não esteja totalmente institucionalizado como ferramenta de controle gerencial. A cultura orçamentária comprova grande valor à organização, ao qual está preparada para lidar com as mudanças do mercado.</p>

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21

Barranco, Francisco, Javier Diaz, Begona Pino, and Eduardo Ros. "Real-Time Visual Saliency Architecture for FPGA With Top-Down Attention Modulation." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 10, no. 3 (August 2014): 1726–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tii.2014.2319581.

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22

Espinace, Pablo, Daniel Langdon, and Alvaro Soto. "Unsupervised identification of useful visual landmarks using multiple segmentations and top-down feedback." Robotics and Autonomous Systems 56, no. 6 (June 2008): 538–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.robot.2008.03.004.

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23

Liu, Hongyan, Xiaoyu Wang, Jun He, Jiawei Han, Dong Xin, and Zheng Shao. "Top-down mining of frequent closed patterns from very high dimensional data." Information Sciences 179, no. 7 (March 2009): 899–924. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2008.11.033.

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24

Liu, Dong, Yongtao Wang, Zhi Tang, and Xiaoqing Lu. "A robust circle detection algorithm based on top-down least-square fitting analysis." Computers & Electrical Engineering 40, no. 4 (May 2014): 1415–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2014.03.011.

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25

Sun, Jia, Peng Wang, Yong-Kang Luo, Gao-Ming Hao, and Hong Qiao. "Precision Work-piece Detection and Measurement Combining Top-down and Bottom-up Saliency." International Journal of Automation and Computing 15, no. 4 (May 24, 2018): 417–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11633-018-1123-1.

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26

Waegner, M., G. Suchaneck, and G. Gerlach. "Top-Down Fabrication of Ordered Mesoscopic PZT Dot Arrays by Natural Lithography." Integrated Ferroelectrics 123, no. 1 (January 2011): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10584587.2011.570639.

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27

MIYAJIMA, Koji, Toshio NORITA, and Anca RALESCU. "MANAGEMENT OF UNCERTAINTY IN TOP-DOWN, FUZZY LOGIC-BASED IMAGE UNDERSTANDING OF NATURAL OBJECTS." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 01, no. 02 (December 1993): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488593000103.

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This paper is concerned with the integration of knowledge intensive methods with low level image processing, in order to achieve a top-down image processing system. The knowledge part contains information about the object to be recognized, the model, expressed here as a part-of hierarchy, and expert knowledge on image processing. Both of these bodies of knowledge are allowed to be imprecise and/or incomplete, in which case fuzzy logic based methods are used for representation and inference. As a consequence, uncertainty management issues, such as partial matching, and evidence combination must be addressed. The approach proposed is most suitable for complex/natural objects and is illustrated for the task of recognizing a human face.

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28

Xu, Tingting, Kolja Kuhnlenz, and Martin Buss. "Autonomous Behavior-Based Switched Top-Down and Bottom-Up Visual Attention for Mobile Robots." IEEE Transactions on Robotics 26, no. 5 (October 2010): 947–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tro.2010.2062571.

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29

De Baets, B., H. De Meyer, and H. Naessens. "A Top-Down Algorithm for Generating the Hasse Tree of a Fuzzy Preorder Closure." IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems 12, no. 6 (December 2004): 838–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tfuzz.2004.836083.

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30

Yu-liang, Li, and Zhao Wei. "Development of an integrated-collaborative decision making framework for product top-down design process." Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 25, no. 3 (June 2009): 497–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rcim.2008.01.005.

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31

Kikkawa, Koichi, Hiromasa Suzuki, Hidetoshi Ando, and Fumihiko Kimura. "A product modeling system for top-down design of machine assembly with kinematic motion." Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 10, no. 1-2 (January 1993): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0736-5845(93)90025-f.

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32

Banka, N., and Y. J. Lin. "Mechanical design for assembly of a 4-DOF robotic arm utilizing a top-down concept." Robotica 21, no. 5 (October 2003): 567–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574702004848.

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33

SCHWEITZER, FRANK. "DESIGNING SYSTEMS BOTTOM UP: FACETS AND PROBLEMS." Advances in Complex Systems 23, no. 07 (November 2020): 2020001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219525920200015.

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Systems design utilizes top-down and bottom-up approaches to influence social or economic systems such that a desired outcome is obtained. We characterize different approaches like network controllability, network interventions, nudging and mechanism design and discuss the problems involved. We argue that systems design cannot be reduced to solving complex optimization problems.

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34

Wang, Jingyuan, Zhen Liu, Xiaowu Chen, Bing Long, Chenglin Yang, and Xiuyun Zhou. "A Novel Bottom-Up/Top-Down Hybrid Strategy-Based Fast Sequential Fault Diagnosis Method." Electronics 10, no. 12 (June 15, 2021): 1441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10121441.

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Sequential fault diagnosis is a kind of important fault diagnosis method for large scale complex systems, and generating an excellent fault diagnosis strategy is critical to ensuring the performance of sequential diagnosis. However, with the system complexity increasing, the complexity of fault diagnosis tree increases sharply, which makes it extremely difficult to generate an optimal diagnosis strategy. Especially, because the existing methods need massive redundancy iteration and repeated calculation for the state parameters of nodes, the resulting diagnosis strategy is often inefficient. To address this issue, a novel fast sequential fault diagnosis method is proposed. In this method, we present a new bottom-up search idea based on Karnaugh map, SVM and simulated annealing algorithm. It combines failure sources to generate states and a Karnaugh map is used to judge the logic of every state. Eigenvalues of SVM are obtained quickly through the simulated annealing algorithm, then SVM is used to eliminate the less useful state. At the same time, the bottom-up method and cost heuristic algorithms are combined to generate the optimal decision tree. The experiments show that the calculation time of the method is shorter than the time of previous algorithms, and a smaller test cost can be obtained when the number of samples is sufficient.

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35

Marino, P., F. Poza, M. A. Dominguez, and S. Otero. "Electronics in Automotive Engineering: A Top–Down Approach for Implementing Industrial Fieldbus Technologies in City Buses and Coaches." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 56, no. 2 (February 2009): 589–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2008.2002723.

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36

Shao, Jie, Wuming Zhang, Aojie Shen, Nicolas Mellado, Shangshu Cai, Lei Luo, Nan Wang, Guangjian Yan, and Guoqing Zhou. "Seed point set-based building roof extraction from airborne LiDAR point clouds using a top-down strategy." Automation in Construction 126 (June 2021): 103660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2021.103660.

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37

Lim, Ji Hyoun, and Yili Liu. "Modeling the Influences of Cyclic Top-Down and Bottom-Up Processes for Reinforcement Learning in Eye Movements." IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans 39, no. 4 (July 2009): 706–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsmca.2009.2018635.

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38

Alzanbaki, Hamzah, Manola Moretti, and Charlotte A. E. Hauser. "Engineered Microgels—Their Manufacturing and Biomedical Applications." Micromachines 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12010045.

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Microgels are hydrogel particles with diameters in the micrometer scale that can be fabricated in different shapes and sizes. Microgels are increasingly used for biomedical applications and for biofabrication due to their interesting features, such as injectability, modularity, porosity and tunability in respect to size, shape and mechanical properties. Fabrication methods of microgels are divided into two categories, following a top-down or bottom-up approach. Each approach has its own advantages and disadvantages and requires certain sets of materials and equipments. In this review, we discuss fabrication methods of both top-down and bottom-up approaches and point to their advantages as well as their limitations, with more focus on the bottom-up approaches. In addition, the use of microgels for a variety of biomedical applications will be discussed, including microgels for the delivery of therapeutic agents and microgels as cell carriers for the fabrication of 3D bioprinted cell-laden constructs. Microgels made from well-defined synthetic materials with a focus on rationally designed ultrashort peptides are also discussed, because they have been demonstrated to serve as an attractive alternative to much less defined naturally derived materials. Here, we will emphasize the potential and properties of ultrashort self-assembling peptides related to microgels.

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39

Hester, Michael W., and John M. Usher. "Recycling welding rod residuals based on development of a top-down nanomanufacturing system employing indexing equal channel angular pressing." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 94, no. 1-4 (August 24, 2017): 1087–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-017-1006-6.

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40

Lundgren, Camilla, Jon Bokrantz, and Anders Skoogh. "A strategy development process for Smart Maintenance implementation." Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 32, no. 9 (April 30, 2021): 142–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-06-2020-0222.

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PurposeTechnological advancements are reshaping the manufacturing industry toward digitalized manufacturing. Despite the importance of top-class maintenance in such systems, many industrial companies lack a clear strategy for maintenance in digitalized manufacturing. The purpose of this paper is to facilitate the implementation of maintenance in digitalized manufacturing by proposing a strategy development process for the Smart Maintenance concept.Design/methodology/approachThis study is designed as a multiple-case study, where the strategy development in three industrial cases is analyzed. Several methods were used to collect data on the case companies' development of smart maintenance strategies. The data were analyzed with an inductive approach.FindingsA process of strategy development for smart maintenance is proposed, including six steps: benchmarking, setting clear goals, setting strategic priority, planning key activities, elevating implementation and follow-up.Practical implicationsThe proposed process provides industry practitioners with a step-by-step guide for the development of a clear smart maintenance strategy, based on the current state of their maintenance organization. This creates employee engagement and is a new way of developing maintenance strategies.Originality/valueMaintenance strategies are traditionally regarded as a selection of corrective/reactive and preventive maintenance actions using a top-down approach. By contrast, the proposed process is starting from the current state of the maintenance organization and allows a mixture of top-down and bottom-up approaches, supporting organizational development. This is a rare perspective of maintenance strategies and will make maintenance organizations ready for the demands of digitalized manufacturing.

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41

He, Yinshui, Zhuohua Yu, Jian Li, and Guohong Ma. "Weld seam profile extraction using top-down visual attention and fault detection and diagnosis via EWMA for the stable robotic welding process." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 104, no. 9-12 (July 23, 2019): 3883–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-019-04119-w.

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42

Villani, Emilia, and Paulo Eigi Miyagi. "A hybrid Petri net modeling approach for HVAC systems in intelligent buildings." Sba: Controle & Automação Sociedade Brasileira de Automatica 15, no. 2 (June 2004): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-17592004000200003.

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In this work, a novel hybrid modeling approach for HVAC control system design in Intelligent Buildings is introduced. In order to achieve building system integration, a characterization of HVAC system as hybrid is required. The proposed approach is a top-down modeling method based on Petri net. Starting from abstract models designed using the Production Flow Schema, Petri net based models are built by successive refinements. The discrete part of the system is modeled using Place-Transition Petri nets and the continuous part is modeled using differential equation systems. The interface between these two parts is provided by Differential Predicate Transition Petri nets.

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43

Castelino, Kenneth, Srinath Satyanarayana, and Metin Sitti. "Manufacturing of two and three-dimensional micro/nanostructures by integrating optical tweezers with chemical assembly." Robotica 23, no. 4 (June 14, 2005): 435–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574704000864.

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Optical tweezers have been used as versatile tools for non-contact manipulation of micrometer-sized entities. This paper proposes a hybrid micro/nanoscale manufacturing system using optical tweezers and chemical linkages for fabricating 2D and 3D micro/nanostructures. A holographic multiple trap optical tweezers system is first used to trap particles in a desired pattern. The particles are then connected to form rigid units using suitable chemistry. Connection schemes based on gold seeding, complementary-DNA linkage and streptavidin-biotin chemistry are presented and possible applications of this technique are explored. This method combines the advantages of top-down and bottom-up approaches and is compatible with organic and inorganic materials.

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44

Zadeh, Nastaran Reza Nazar, Ameralden H. Abdulwakil, Mike Joshua R. Amar, Bernadette Durante, and Christian Vincent Nico Reblando Santos. "Fire-fighting UAV with shooting mechanism of fire extinguishing ball for smart city." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 22, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 1320. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v22.i3.pp1320-1326.

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With the growth of technology and massive city development, firefighting services have become more challenging to cope with a smart-city concept. One of the challenges that firefighters are facing is reaching the top floors of high-raised buildings. Firefighters need heavy and oversized pieces of equipment to reach top floors, which they sometimes fail to deliver on time due to big cities' traffic. The proposed solution to this global problem is using firefighting unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to reach the top floors fast and efficiently; It can also provide a better vision for the firefighting team and slow down the spread of fire using fire extinguishing ball. In this paper, a noble design for a Firefighting UAV with shooting and dropping mechanism of fire extinguishing ball has been developed and successfully tested. A Camera with night vision has been integrated into the UAV to provide a helpful aid for firefighters. The UAV has a controller with a 2.4 GHz radio frequency (RF) signal and video surveillance to regulate the UAV's movement. The controller is also for activating the shooting and dropping mechanism. The researchers examined the behavior of the drone in terms of its stability and functionality.

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45

Makoni, Tendai, Delson Chikobvu, and Caston Sigauke. "Hierarchical Forecasting of the Zimbabwe International Tourist Arrivals." Statistics, Optimization & Information Computing 9, no. 1 (January 20, 2021): 137–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.19139/soic-2310-5070-959.

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The objectives of the paper is to: (1) adopt the hierarchical forecasting methods in modelling and forecasting international tourist arrivals in Zimbabwe; and (2) coming up with Zimbabwe international tourist arrivals Prediction Intervals (PIs) in Quantile Regression Averaging (QRA) to hierarchical tourism forecasts. Zimbabwe’s monthly international tourist arrivals data from January 2002 to December 2018 was used. The dataset used was before the COVID-19 period and were disaggregated according to the purpose of the visit (POV). Three hierarchical forecasting approaches, namely top-down, bottom-up and optimal combination approaches were applied to the data. The results showed the superiority of the bottom-up approach over both the top-down and optimal combination approaches. Forecasts indicate a general increase in aggregate series. The combined methods provide a new insight into modelling tourist arrivals. The approach is useful to the government, tourism stakeholders, and investors among others, for decision-making, resource mobilisation and allocation. The Zimbabwe Tourism Authority (ZTA) could adopt the forecasting techniques to produce informative and precise tourism forecasts. The data set used is before the COVID-19 pandemic and the models indicate what could happen outside the pandemic. During the pandemic the country was under lockdown with no tourist arrivals to report on. The models are useful for planning purposes beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Takei, Yusuke, Ken-ichi Nomura, Yoshinori Horii, Daniel Zymelka, Hirobumi Ushijima, and Takeshi Kobayashi. "Fabrication of Simultaneously Implementing “Wired Face-Up and Face-Down Ultrathin Piezoresistive Si Chips” on a Film Substrate by Screen-Offset Printing." Micromachines 10, no. 9 (August 26, 2019): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10090563.

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We realized the implementation of an ultrathin piezoresistive Si chip and stretchable printed wires on a flexible film substrate using simple screen-offset printing technology. This process does not require a special MEMS fabrication equipment and is applicable to face-up chips where electrodes are formed on the top surface of the chip, as well as to face-down chips where electrodes are formed on the bottom surface of the chip. This fabrication process is quite useful in the field of flexible hybrid electronics (FHE) as a method for mounting and wiring electronic components on a flexible substrate. In this study, we confirmed that face-up and face-down chips could be mounted on polyimide film tape. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the two types of chips could be simultaneously mounted even if they exist on the same substrate. Five-μm-thick piezoresistive Si chips were transferred and wired on a polyimide film tape using screen-offset printing, and a band-plaster type blood pulse sensor was fabricated. Moreover, we successfully demonstrated that the blood pulse could be measured with neck, inner elbow, wrist, and ankle.

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CHRISTEN, MARKUS, THOMAS OTT, and DANIEL SCHWARZ. "A NEW MEASURE FOR PARTY COHERENCE: APPLYING A PHYSICS-BASED CONCEPT TO THE SWISS PARTY SYSTEM." Advances in Complex Systems 16, no. 06 (August 2013): 1350011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219525913500112.

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The paper revives a theoretical definition of party coherence as being composed of two basic elements, cohesion and factionalism, to propose and apply a novel empirical measure based on spin physics. The simultaneous analysis of both components using a single measurement concept is applied to data representing the political beliefs of candidates in the Swiss general elections of 2003 and 2007, proposing a connection between the coherence of the beliefs party members hold and the assessment of parties being at risk of splitting. We also compare our measure with established polarization measures and demonstrate its advantage with respect to multi-dimensional data that lack clear structure. Furthermore, we outline how our analysis supports the distinction between bottom-up and top-down mechanisms of party splitting. In this way, we are able to turn the intuition of coherence into a defined quantitative concept that, additionally, offers a methodological basis for comparative research of party coherence. Our work serves as an example of how a complex systems approach allows to get a new perspective on a long-standing issue in political science.

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Cirunay, Michelle T., and Rene C. Batac. "Spatial Signatures of Road Network Growth for Different Levels of Global Planning." Complex Systems 30, no. 3 (September 15, 2021): 273–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.25088/complexsystems.30.3.273.

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We compare the statistical distributions of the geometrical properties of road networks for two representative datasets under different levels of planning: the cities comprising Metropolitan Manila show the conditions under bottom-up self-organized growth, while Brasilia and the Australian Capital Territory centered at Canberra represent the case of strict top-down planning. The distribution of segmented areas of the cities shows a dual power-law behavior, with the larger areas following the ∼1.9 scaling exponent observed in other cities, while the smaller areas show a lower exponent of ∼0.5, believed to be due to practical considerations. While all cities are found to favor the formation of straight road segments, the planned city roads have a preponderance of sinuous roads, with sinuosities approaching π. A simple model based on a nearest-neighbor directed branching coupled with sectional grid formations is proposed to capture the nontrivial statistical features observed.

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Chang, Sehui, Gil Lee, and Young Song. "Recent Advances in Vertically Aligned Nanowires for Photonics Applications." Micromachines 11, no. 8 (July 26, 2020): 726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11080726.

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Over the past few decades, nanowires have arisen as a centerpiece in various fields of application from electronics to photonics, and, recently, even in bio-devices. Vertically aligned nanowires are a particularly decent example of commercially manufacturable nanostructures with regard to its packing fraction and matured fabrication techniques, which is promising for mass-production and low fabrication cost. Here, we track recent advances in vertically aligned nanowires focused in the area of photonics applications. Begin with the core optical properties in nanowires, this review mainly highlights the photonics applications such as light-emitting diodes, lasers, spectral filters, structural coloration and artificial retina using vertically aligned nanowires with the essential fabrication methods based on top-down and bottom-up approaches. Finally, the remaining challenges will be briefly discussed to provide future directions.

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Shimada, Taisuke, Takao Yasui, Akihiro Yonese, Takeshi Yanagida, Noritada Kaji, Masaki Kanai, Kazuki Nagashima, Tomoji Kawai, and Yoshinobu Baba. "Mechanical Rupture-Based Antibacterial and Cell-Compatible ZnO/SiO2 Nanowire Structures Formed by Bottom-Up Approaches." Micromachines 11, no. 6 (June 24, 2020): 610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11060610.

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There are growing interests in mechanical rupture-based antibacterial surfaces with nanostructures that have little toxicity to cells around the surfaces; however, current surfaces are fabricated via top-down nanotechnologies, which presents difficulties to apply for bio-surfaces with hierarchal three-dimensional structures. Herein, we developed ZnO/SiO2 nanowire structures by using bottom-up approaches and demonstrated to show mechanical rupture-based antibacterial activity and compatibility with human cells. When Escherichia coli were cultured on the surface for 24 h, over 99% of the bacteria were inactivated, while more than 80% of HeLa cells that were cultured on the surface for 24 h were still alive. This is the first demonstration of mechanical rupture-based bacterial rupture via the hydrothermally synthesized nanowire structures with antibacterial activity and cell compatibility.

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