Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Contrôle visuel'
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Mestre, Daniel. "Contrôle visuel du déplacement : l'exemple du pilotage portuaire." Aix-Marseille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX10052.
Full textInteractive simulation of the visual control of displacement allowed to study the parameters of the visual scene which are treated by the human subject, when moving in the environment. Starting from the static aspects of visual stimulation, we demonstrated the positive role played by the representation of the observer's rotational and translational movements. The results of the presented works suggest that the control of the spatial properties of displacement, such as stability and position of the trajectories, can be carried out using the perception of the changing optic array. The visual data processing seems meanwhile dependent on cognitive prerequisites, such as the rigidity of the environment or the presence of a support surface. The implications of this research for the development of visual aids for displacement are discussed
Guerra, Anne-Sophie. "Métrologie sensorielle dans le cadre du contrôle qualité visuel." Chambéry, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CHAMS037.
Full textThe thesis deals with the problem of visual quality control of high quality manufactured products. We make the hypothesis that the control of this quality will be still realized many years by a visual inspection of the products. The first chapter presents a bibliographical study of different elements relating to the quality control in general, and particularly, the visual inspection. The chapter 2 describes the generic approach that we propose to perceive, then evaluate an anomaly. This approach separates in a formal way the perception of an anomaly from its evaluation. We show that this distinction gives a better comprehension of the variability sources in the visual inspection. Based on the approaches very largely used within the framework of the sensory analysis, our approach thus formalizes these two steps in order to reduce the variability in the decision of conformity during a visual inspection. The chapter 3 proposes a structuring metrological approach having for objective to guarantee the accuracy and the reduced variability in time and space. Our suggestion, based on the concepts of a dimensional metrology, integrates the specificities related to any sensory measurement carried out by the man, and in particular the part of significant subjectivity which can be associated to this measurement. Based on the evaluation of only one anomaly, we describe in the chapter 4 an approach allowing to decide acceptance or refusal of a product combining various anomalies on various surfaces. Our approach, based on the Taguchi's loss function, makes it possible to generalize with the visual inspection the approaches of tolerance largely used in geometrical quality of the products. The chapter 5 illustrates the application of these concepts within the company with which we collaborated. It also proposes a synthesis of profits that such an approach can produce
Nguyen, Lam Hung. "Contrôle non linéaire et guidage visuel de véhicules sous-marins." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://theses.unice.fr/2019AZUR4095.
Full textRecent advances in technology have led to a growing interest in underwater robotic applications.Historically, payload constraints have severely limited the development of scale-model underwatervehicles. They are small; their dynamics are highly nonlinear, subjected to complex and imprecisehydrodynamic effects and to disturbances commensurable with the control actions. Consequently, theyprovide an ideal testing ground for sophisticated nonlinear control techniques. Classical controltechniques applied to these vehicles seem to be inadequate in dealing with their highly nonlineardynamics, model uncertainties and external disturbances. Another key arising issue is the difficulty ofnavigation in cluttered environments and close to obstacles without precise positioning with respect tothe environment and without velocity measurements.In the present thesis, two research topics have been considered. Firstly, two novel dynamic visualservoing controllers exploiting the so-called homography matrix for fully-actuated vehicles (withoutmeasuring the linear velocity) have been proposed. These two approaches are derived for two differentcamera configurations: downward-looking and forward-looking. The key contribution here is thenon-requirement of costly Doppler Velocity Log (DVL) velocity sensor. The control performance hasbeen validated over simulations and via practical trials in a real challenging environment. Theexperimental platform as well as the software was built over the period of the thesis. Secondly, a noveltrajectory tracking algorithm for a class of underactuated vehicles with axisymmetric slender body hasbeen developed. The proposed approach makes use of a new nonlinear dynamic model of the vehicle,and exploits the symmetry of the vehicle in control design. The control performance and its robustnesshave been validated via simulations using a realistic model of an underwater vehicle
Bertucci, Pierre. "Attention et codage visuel : automatisme et contrôle dans des tâches psychophysiques." Aix-Marseille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX11003.
Full textTellier, Idriss-Solenne. "Le contact visuel : Démonstration de son coût sur le contrôle cognitif." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3048/document.
Full textOur thesis extends a serie of studies on the effects of eye contact on the management of attentional resources. Six experiments tested the distracting effects of a brief versus sustained eye contact with an adaptation of the Stroop task (referred to as "Stroop Eyes" ; cf Conty, Gimmig, Belletier, George, & Huguet, 2010) involving concomitantly semantic distractors (incongruent words) and social distractors (direct gaze vs. averted gaze, and closed eyes). The main objective was to evaluate the cost of eye contact (initiated by direct gaze) on executive resources, this cost being possibly involved in pathologies such as autism and schizophrenia. Classic response time analyses and distributional response time analyses indicate that direct gaze 1) is processed automatically whatever its duration, 2) consumes executive resources, and 3) facilitates the processing of averted gaze. These results strengthen the models suggesting a modular (brain) network dedicated to the detection of direct gaze and related modulations of cognitive processes operating in parallel or consecutively. As humans perform the majority of their activities while being watched by others, the fields of application are vast. Furthermore, the links between eye contact and executive resources highlighted in our work suggests ways to address the management of people with specific social disabilities
Truong, Quang Huy. "Méthodes d'asservissement visuel pour l'appontage d'hélicoptères." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ESAE0008/document.
Full textThis thesis is related to the automatic & control engineering field, and itsmain goal is to provide useful tools for ship landing missions, tools that can be used fora potential autopilot. The objective has been to develop a series of control laws manuallypiloted, then automatically controlled by visual servoing using identified image features. Thelaws developped thanks to helicopter models with mechanical limitations were based on flyingqualities criteria from the ADS-33 standard. The process also defines an anti-windup approachto cope with actuator saturations. Finally the main results were assessed in real time withthe ONERA rotorcraft flight test bench at ONERA Salon-de-Provence
Lachèze, Loïc. "Intégration d'un système visuel à l'architecture de contrôle du rat artificiel Psikharpax." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066611.
Full textPortelli, Geoffrey. "Le pilotage visuel chez l'abeille : expériences et modèle." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1641/.
Full textWhen an insect flies in its environment, the image of the surrounding objects moves on its retina. Several studies have shown that this angular movement, called "optic flow", plays a major role in the insect flight control. Flying insects seem to maintain the perceived optic flow at a prefered value, which makes them choose a "safe" position and a "safe" speed. We first designed a model based on the "optic flow regulation principle" recently proposed at our laboratory, which can account for observations and results previously shown on insects. We then performed behavioral experiments using free flying bees in controlled environments, which aimed at refuting the proposed model. Our results show a direct link between the ventral optic flow and the flight height. They also show that the honeybee is sensitive to the dorsal optic flow and that the honeybee can adjust its speed according to the cluttering of the environment in both the vertical and horizontal planes. All these results support the proposed model. The results of a last experiment suggest, however, that beyond the "reflex" part of the flight control system, a learning process may play a role and modulate the flight behavior. This last point requires that a learning process be incorporated into the model. This thesis for the first time proposes an explicit and functional scheme based on optic flow, describing the principles involved in the 3D flight control system of an insect. This model suggests new behavioral experiments liable to fault it. Because this model is explicit, it may be directly implemented onboard aerial or spatial robots
Baudet, Nathalie. "Maîtrise de la qualité visuelle des produits - Formalisation du processus d'expertise et proposition d'une approche robuste de contrôle visuel humain." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00807304.
Full textAuclair, David. "Neuro-anatomie fonctionnelle et applications thérapeutiques de la modification du rétro-contrôle visuel du mouvement." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10055.
Full textAuthié, Colas. "Contrôle visuel du déplacement en trajectoire courbe : approche sensorimotrice du rôle structurant du flux optique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22085.
Full textThe main purpose of this dissertation is to determine the role of the direction and movement of the eyes and the head in the perception and control of self-motion in curved trajectories, with respect to the properties of the optical flows generated in a stable environment. To do so, we used two experimental methods: a psychophysical approach which allows to assess human observers' ability to perceive the direction of self-motion; and a behavior-based approach on a driving simulator. The two methods combined should help to highlight active perception of self-motion.The introduction reviews the current knowledge of perceptuo-motor strategies during curve driving. In this context, we put a stress on both (1.) the particular role of the tangent point -- in the driving situation on a delimited road, and on the role of the optic flow in general (apparent transformation of the optic array during self-motion), emphasizing the capability of humans to spatially interpret the movement; and (2.) on the duality between movement and perception. We then address the role of head-and-eye combined movements, in a functional perspective of the control of self-motion. In a first experimental section, we analyze the oriented movements of the head in simulated curve driving. We demonstrate that head movements are independent from the handling of the steering wheel, and that they actively participate in the gaze orientation toward the tangent point.In a second experimental section, we set out to describe the combined movements of head and eyes, with respect to the geometry of the road environment. In a third section, we analyze in more details gaze behavior as a function of the tangent point direction and of the local speed of optical flow. We demonstrate that the tangent point corresponds to a local minimum of optic flow speed and that the global component of the optic flow induces a systematic optokinetic nystagmus. In a fourth section involving a psychophysical study, we scrutinize the effect of varying gaze direction on the discrimination of the direction of self-motion. We show that the trajectory discrimination thresholds are minimal when the gaze is oriented toward an area of minimum flow speed. We finally propose a model of trajectory change detection, relying on a Weber fraction of foveal flow speeds, predicting the experimental thresholds very precisely. The gaze orientation strategies we have observed (combination of head and eye movements) toward the tangent point are compatible with this model and with the hypothesis of an active an optimal selection of the information contained in the optical flow
Tran, Thanh Thanh Tung. "Interface de contrôle automatisé d’un système de caméras robotisées pour la télétraumatologie." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6079.
Full textMoreau, Alexandre. "Neuromodulation des réseaux neuronaux : contrôle sérotoninergique de la balance excitation-inhibition dans le cortex visuel de rat." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441514.
Full textAcier, Bruno. "Contribution à la conception et à l'évaluation d'interfaces hommes-machines par l'analyse du comportement visuel d'un superviseur humain." Valenciennes, 1990. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/69b553f9-24df-4c35-b2e4-eec4fc2adcfe.
Full textDevienne, Gabrielle. "Contrôle du réseau périneuronal par l’activité des interneurones à décharge rapide exprimant la parvalbumine." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS474.
Full textThe closure of the highly plastic period, called critical period, is concomitant with the accumulation of a specialized extracellular matrix, the perineuronal net (PNN), around fast-spiking inhibitory interneurons that express parvalbumin (FS-PV). The PNN limits the plasticity of cortical maps in the adult, and its enzymatic digestion allows the reopening of cortical maps plasticity. The specific inhibition of FS-PV interneurons, reinstates high cortical plasticity, which may be linked to changes in the PNN. To date, the link between FS-PV cell activity and the regulation of PNN density in the adult remains unexplored. My thesis project aims to determine (i) what are the effects of the manipulation of FS-PV activity on PNN density in the primary visual cortex of adult mice and (ii) if FS-PV interneurons express keys proteins to remodel the PNN. We found that targeted chemogenetic inhibition of FS-PV interneurons or of neighboring pyramidal cells strongly reduces the PNN in adult mice. Overexcitation of the network does not affect the PNN. These results combined with electrophysiological characterization performed using patch-clamp or using EEG recordings, show that network disinhibition is not the trigger of PNN regression. Interestingly, our results suggest that each FS-PV cells is able to regulate its own PNN supported by our results of the expression pattern of PNN-related genes found in FS-PV interneurons. To conclude, our results show that a decrease of FS-PV cells activity, directly or through inhibition of nearby pyramidal cells, reduces PNN density in the adult. These results are innovative and deepen our understanding of PNN regulation mechanisms in adults
Le, Roux Nicolas. "Contrôle homéostatique de l'activité corticale: Etude de la balance Excitation / Inhibition des neurones pyramidaux de couche 5 du cortex visuel." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00159415.
Full textLe, Roux Nicolas. "Contrôle homéostatique de l'activité corticale : étude de la balance excitation - inhibition des neurones pyramidaux de couche 5 du cortex visuel." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA11T008.
Full textBen, Saad Seifallah. "Conception d'un algorithme de coordination hybride de groupes de robots sous-marins communicants. Application : acquisition optique systématique et détaillée des fonds marins." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0052/document.
Full textIn the underwater environment, the needs of data acquisition have significantly increased over the last decades. As electromagnetic waves show poor propagation in sea water, acoustical sensing is generally preferred. However, the emergence of small and low cost autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) allow for rethinking the underwater use of optical sensors as their small coverage can be significantly improved by using a fleet of coordinated underwater robots.This paper presents a strategy to coordinate the group of robots in order to systematically survey the seabed to detect small objects or singularities. The proposed hybrid coordination strategy is defined by two main modes. The first mode relies on a swarm algorithm to organize the team in geometrical formation. In the second mode, the robot formation is maintained using a hierarchical coordination. A finite state machine controls the high level hybrid strategy by defining the appropriate coordination mode according to the evolution of the mission. Before sea validation, the behavior and the performance of the hybrid coordination strategy are first assessed in simulation. The control of individual robots relies on visual servoing, implemented with the OpenCV library, and the simulation tool is based on Blender software.The dynamics of the robots has been implemented in a realistic way in Blender by using the Bullet solver and the hydrodynamic coeficcients estimated on the actual robot. First results of the hybrid coordination strategy applied on a fleet of 3 AUV’s, show execution of a video acquisition task by a group of autonomous robots controlled by vision and coordinated by a hybrid strategy
Wira, Patrice. "Réseaux neuromimétiques, modularité et statistiques : estimation du mouvement pour l'asservissement visuel de robots." Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009211.
Full textNous nous sommes intéressé au cas d'objets mobiles, et plus particulièrement à l'estimation du mouvement de ces objets, nécessaire pour une exécution satisfaisante des tâches de poursuite. La qualité de poursuite est en effet grandement améliorée grâce à une estimation robuste du mouvement. Pour réaliser l'estimation, nous proposons une approche nouvelle, basée sur l'aspect adaptatif du filtrage de Kalman. Contrairement au filtre classique de Kalman, ce filtre n'utilise aucun modèle ni connaissance a priori. La représentation d'état est adaptée en permanence en fonction des observations courantes pour représenter au mieux la dynamique du système. Il s'agit d'une approche modulaire à modèle multiple. Plusieurs filtres sont utilisés et la probabilité pour chacun de calculer l'estimation optimale est déterminée par apprentissage. Un réseau de neurones, sur cette base statistique, supervise l'ensemble des filtres et permet de compenser le caractère non stationnaire des mouvements de l'objet mobile.
Les informations visuelles estimées servent à contrôler les déplacements du robot. Des extensions de la carte auto-organisatrice de Kohonen à sorties supervisées servent à approximer la transformation sensori-motrice du système robot-vision. La relation apprise se trouve dès lors à l'origine de la loi de commande du robot. L'apprentissage est entièrement réalisé en contexte, en exploitant les corrélations sensori-motrices durant les mouvements des robots.
Les méthodes présentées dans cette thèse ont été validées en simulation et par des expérimentations réalisées sur une plate-forme robotique réelle.
Tanné, Judith. "Anatomie fonctionnelle du contrôle visuo-moteur : afférences pariétales et connexions thalamiques et cortico-spinales du cortex moteur et prémoteur chez le singe." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO1T161.
Full textKarakkat, Narayanan Vishnu. "Characterizing assistive shared control through vision-based and human-aware designs for wheelchair navigation assistance." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAR0018/document.
Full textEarliest records of a wheeled chair used to transport a person with disability dates back to the 6m century in China. With the exception of the collapsible X-frame wheelchairs invented in 1933, 1400 years of human scientific evolution has not radically changed the initial wheelchair design. Meanwhile, advancements in computing and the development of artificial intelligence since the mid-1980s has inevitably led to research on Intelligent Wheelchairs. Rather than focusing on improving the underlying design, the core objective of making a wheelchair intelligent is to make it more accessible. Even though the invention of the powered wheelchairs have partially mitigated a user's dependence on other people for their daily routines, some disabilities that affect limb movements, motor or visual coordination, make il impossible for a user to operate a common powered wheelchair. Accessibility can also thus be thought of as the idea, where the wheelchair adapts to the user malady such that he/she is able to utilize its assistive capabilities. While it is certain that intelligent robots are poised to address a growing number of issues in the service and medical care industries, it is important to resolve how humans and users interact with robots in order to accomplish common objectives. Particularly in the assistive intelligent wheelchair domain, preserving a sense of autonomy with the user is required, as individual agency is essential for his/her physical and social well-being. This work thus aims to globally characterize the idea of assistive shared control while particularly devoting the attention to two issues within the intelligent assistive wheelchair domain viz. vision-based assistance and human-aware navigation.Recognizing the fundamental tasks that a wheelchair user may have to execute in indoor environments, we design lowcost vision-based assistance framework for corridor navigation. The framework provides progressive assistance for the tasks of safe corridor following and doorway passing. Evaluation of the framework is carried out on a robotized off-theshelf wheelchair. From the proposed plug and play design, we infer an adaptive formulation for sharing control between user and robot. Furthermore, keeping in mind that wheelchairs are assistive devices that operate in human environments, it is important to consider the issue of human-awareness within wheelchair mobility. We leverage spatial social conventions from anthropology to surmise wheelchair navigation in human environments. Moreover, we propose a motion strategy that can be embedded on a social robot (such as an intelligent wheelchair) that allows il to equitably approach and join a group of humans in interaction. Based on the lessons learnt from the proposed designs for wheelchair mobility assistance, we can finally mathematically formalize adaptive shared control for assistive motion planning. ln closing, we demonstrate this formalism in order to design a general framework for assistive wheelchair navigation in human environments
Lalevée, Claire. "Développement du contrôle moteur de la parole : une étude longitudinale d'un enfant francophone âge de 7 à 16 mois, à partir d'un corpus audio-visuel." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00579921.
Full textLalevee-Huart, Claire. "Développement du contrôle moteur de la parole : une étude longitudinale d'un enfant francophone agé de 7 à 16 mois, à partir d'un corpus audio-visuel." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENL016.
Full textThe first year of life can be considered as a crucial period for speech development in children. Indeed 6 months of age is the time when babbling, a key step for this development, appears under a form which is quite similar for all children in the world, whatever the language in which they are reared. It is a period when the child has no control over the nature of his productions and no ability to produce phonological units of his mother tongue. Around 12 months the child begins to produce his firm words i. E. His first meaningful utterances. The child has followed a developmental path in which he has acquired new motor, articulatory and phonological skills. We studied the development of these capabilities with an approach at the crossroad of bottom-up (MacNeilage, 1998) and top·down (Filckert et al 2004, Wauquier, 2005, 2006) current scientific approaches. Indeed, it seems that the production of speech can not be explained outside the articulatory and motor control and acquisition. But so far it seems essential to take into account the structural features and constraints of the input language (Vihman, 1996). For us, the child must adapt to his mother tongue, as permitted by his articulatory motor skills, that w' evolve with growth and cognitive maturation, while constantly comparing his productions with his native language. To evaluate these theoretical propositions, we developed a database composed by the vocal productions of a child aged from 7 to 16 months from an audio- visual corpus. Our question concerns the nature of early words. Yet if the control of mandibular oscillations can be described as the basic underlying structure in speech, the development of an adult—like language-specific syllable will imply three types of controls in addition to that of the mandible : (i) the control of the velum, which yields a fully oral vocal tract to produce salient consonant-vowel sequences, (ii) the control of the oro-laryngeal coordination to obtain the voiced vs unvoiced distinction and (iii) the rhythmic mandibular control which enables the child to adapt to the prosodic patterns of his mother tongue
Krupiński, Szymon. "Suivi des structures offshore par commande référencée vision et multi-capteurs." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4051.
Full textThis thesis deals with a control system for a underwater autonomous vehicle given a two consequent tasks: following a linear object and stabilisation with respect to a planar target using an on-board camera. The proposed solution of this control problem takes advantage of a cascading nature of the system and divides it into a velocity pilot control and two visual servoing schemes. The serving controllers generate the reference velocity on the basis of visual information; line following is based on binormalized Pluecker coordinates of parallel lines corresponding to the pipe contours detected in the image, while the stabilisation relies on the planar homography matrix of observed object features, w.r.t. the image of the same object observed at the desired pose. The pilot, constructed on the full 6 d.o.f. nonlinear model of the AUV, assures that the vehicle’s linear and angular velocities converge to their respective setpoints. Both image servoing schemes are based on minimal assumptions and knowledge of the environment. Validation is provided by a high-fidelity 6 d.o.f. dynamics simulation coupled with a challenging 3D visual environment, which generates images for automatic processing and visual servoing. A custom simulator is built that consist of a Simulink model for dynamics simulation and the MORSE robot and sensor simulator, bound together by ROS message passing libraries. The OpenCV library is used for real-time image processing. Methods of visual data filtering are described. Thus generated experimental data is provided that confirms the desired properties of the control scheme presented earlier
Dao, Xuan Quy. "Fluid flow control by visual servoing." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S053/document.
Full textThe visual servoing control approach is formulated for the flow control of the plane Poiseuille flow. Generally, the flow control can lead the flow from its current state to a desired state. In transition to turbulence, the growth of kinetic energy density can lead the flow to turbulence. Moreover, the drag reduction is a potential application in the engineering applications. Therefore, this thesis aims to minimize the kinetic energy density and the skin friction drag. The governing equations of the plane Poiseuille flow are modeled to a standard form in the automatic control. More precisely, the partial differential equations of the plane Poiseuille flow are transformed to a state space representation by using the spectral method. The streamwise and spanwise directions are discretized based on the Fourier series while the wall-normal direction is discretized based on the Chebyshev polynomials. The state vector involves the wall-normal velocity and vorticity. The control signals depend on the inhomogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions which correspond to blowing/suction boundary control. The number of independent control signals is called the number of the degree of freedom. Moreover, the skin-friction drag and the kinetic energy density are modeled as a function of the state vector. The goal is to minimize both the skin-friction drag and the kinetic energy density by appropriate methods. The partitioned visual servoing control is used to minimize, simultaneously, the skin-friction drag and the kinetic energy density with two degrees of freedom. As a result, the behavior of the skin-friction drag monotonically decreases in time. However, the behavior of the kinetic energy density does not monotonically decrease in time, the similar results from the other methods such as: PID and LQR controls. Therefore, the number of the degree of freedom increases, which leads to the improvement of the kinetic energy density. In addition, when the number of the degree of freedom equals the number of state vector, the kinetic energy density monotonically decreases in time by using the visual servoing control. The dimension of linearized plane Poiseuille flow is large, therefore, we need to reduce the order of controller. We demonstrate that the control law based on a mode reduction can be applied for the full system. Moreover, the kinetic energy density almost will monotonically decreases in time even using two degrees of freedom when the visual servoing control is designed based on the model order reduction
Tang, Zhiqi. "Commande référencée vision de drones aériens." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COAZ4018.
Full textThis thesis proposes novel vision-based controllers for the guidance of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). It considers scenarios involving both single and multiple vehicles. For the case of a single-vehicle, novel Image-based visual servo control (IBVS) approaches are proposed for both fixed-wing and vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) UAVs operating in urban or congested environments. Navigation tasks in a complex environment with obstacle avoidance capabilities are considered. In particular, the landing of fixed-wing UAVs on an airstrip and the landing of VTOL-UAVs that includes an obstacle avoidance strategy are considered. The originality of the study lies in the direct exploitation of the centroid of the image of the observed pattern together with the optical flow, thereby eliminating the need to estimate the position and the velocity of the UAV.For multiple vehicles, novel bearing formation controllers are designed for formations under both directed and undirected interaction topologies. Optical flow is explored in the bearing formation control laws in order to achieve collision avoidance between different agents during the formation progression.In order to relax the classical conditions required by bearing rigidity theory and to lift the scale ambiguity caused by bearings, persistence of excitation of the desired bearing reference is explored. The proposed methodology is supported by rigorous mathematical tools (This involves nonlinear dynamical systems and analysis using Lyapunov theory to formally prove the asymptotic (or exponential) stability of the system, guarantee robustness, and finally ensure good performance of the closed-loop system). Further support is provided by real experiments and/or simulation results
Counil, Lou. "Influence de la dépendance au champ visuel dans la construction et le maintien d’une posture verticale inversée en milieux terrestres et aquatiques." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05L004/document.
Full textThe relative contribution of the different sensory inputs in erect postural control has often been studied. The aim of this work is to determine this contribution in two positions relatively close in their configuration: the handstand and the upside-down posture in water. If vision is often considered as the main information in postural control, the structural configuration (restricted visual field in handstand, eye’s immersion in upside-down posture) of these two postures lets imagine a different operation. Disruption of sensory receptors involved in postural control has allowed observing the reorganization implemented by the central nervous system (CNS). In addition, the visual field dependence appeared to be a relevant factor to observe interindividual behavioral differences. Disturbance of postural control was assessed through a kinematic analysis and a stabilometric analysis of the handstand (classical analysis and non-linear analysis). Results of these analyzes suggest different strategy according to visual field dependence in the control of the handstand, which does not seem to be the case in upside-down posture
Ben, Youssef Atef. "Contrôle de têtes parlantes par inversion acoustico-articulatoire pour l'apprentissage et la réhabilitation du langage." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00699008.
Full textBenazet, Marc. "Atténuation des réafférences visuelles de la main dans le cortex pariétal lors d’un mouvement d’atteinte vers une cible." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9901.
Full textAbstract : It is well established that the cortical processing of somatosensory and auditory signals is attenuated when they result from self-generated actions as compared to external events. This phenomenon is thought to result from an efference copy of motor commands used to predict the sensory consequences of an action through a forward model. The present work examined whether attenuation also takes place for visual reafferent signals from the moving limb during voluntary reaching movements. To address this issue, EEG activity was recorded in a condition in which visual feedback of the hand was provided in real time and compared to a condition in which it was presented with a 150 ms delay, thus creating a mismatch between the predicted and actual visual consequences of the movement. Results revealed that the amplitude of the N1 component of the visual ERP evoked by hand visual feedback over the parietal cortex was significantly smaller when presented in real time as compared to when it was delayed. These data suggest that the cortical processing of visual reafferent signals is attenuated when they are correctly predicted, likely as a result of a forward model.
Laranjeira, Moreira Matheus. "Visual servoing on deformable objects : an application to tether shape control." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUL0007.
Full textThis thesis addresses the problem of tether shape contrai for small remotely operated underwater vehicles (mini-ROVs), which are suitable, thanks to their small size and high maneuverability, for the exploration of shallow waters and cluttered spaces. The management of the tether is, however, a hard task, since these robots do not have enough propulsion power to counterbalance the drag forces acting on the tether cable. ln order to cape with this problem, we introduced the concept of a Chain of miniROVs, where several robots are linked to the tether cable and can, together, manage the external perturbations and contrai the shape of the cable. We investigated the use of the embedded cameras to regulate the shape of a portion of tether linking two successive robots, a leader and a follower. Only the follower robot deals with the tether shape regulation task. The leader is released to explore its surroundings. The tether linking bath robots is assumed to be negatively buoyant and is modeled by a catenary. The tether shape parameters are estimated in real-time by a nonlinear optimization procedure that fits the catenary model to the tether detected points in the image. The shape parameter regulation is thus achieved through a catenary-based contrai scheme relating the robot motion with the tether shape variation. The proposed visual servoing contrai scheme has proved to properly manage the tether shape in simulations and real experiments in pool
Panchea, Adina. "Inverse optimal control for redundant systems of biological motion." Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2050/document.
Full textThis thesis addresses inverse optimal control problems (IOCP) to find the cost functions for which the human motions are optimal. Assuming that the human motion observations are perfect, while the human motor control process is imperfect, we propose an approximately optimal control algorithm. By applying our algorithm to the human motion observations collected for: the human arm trajectories during an industrial screwing task, a postural coordination in a visual tracking task and a walking gait initialization task, we performed an open loop analysis. For the three cases, our algorithm returned the cost functions which better fit these data, while approximately satisfying the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) optimality conditions. Our algorithm offers a nice computational time for all cases, providing an opportunity for its use in online applications. For the visual tracking task, we investigated a closed loop modeling with two PD feedback loops. With artificial data, we obtained consistent results in terms of feedback gains’ trends and criteria exhibited by our algorithm for the visual tracking task. In the second part of our work, we proposed a new approach to solving the IOCP, in a bounded error framework. In this approach, we assume that the human motor control process is perfect while the observations have errors and uncertainties acting on them, being imperfect. The errors are bounded with known bounds, otherwise unknown. Our approach finds the convex hull of the set of feasible cost function with a certainty that it includes the true solution. We numerically guaranteed this using interval analysis tools
Kikuchi, Davi Yoshinobu. "Sistema de controle servo visual de uma câmera pan-tilt com rastreamento de uma região de referência." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3152/tde-27072007-163810/.
Full textA pan-tilt camera can move around two rotational axes (pan and tilt), allowing its lens to be pointed to any point in space. A possible application of the camera is to keep it pointed to a certain moving target, through appropriate angular pan-tilt positioning. This work presents a visual servoing technique, which uses first the images captured by the camera to determinate the target position. Then the method calculates the proper rotations to keep the target position in image center, establishing a real-time and closed-loop system. The developed visual tracking technique is based on template region matching, and makes use of the sum of squared differences (SSD) as similarity criterion. An extension based on incremental estimation principle is added to the technique, and then the algorithm is modified again by multiresolution estimation method. Experimental results allow a performance comparison between the three configurations. The system is modeled through optical flow principle and this work presents two controllers to accomplish the system feedback: a proportional integral (PI) and a proportional with external disturbances estimation by a Kalman filter (LQG). Both are determined using a linear quadratic method and their performances are also analyzed comparatively.
Patlan-Rosales, Pedro Alfonso. "A robotic control framework for quantitative ultrasound elastography." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S005/document.
Full textThis thesis concerns the development of a robotic control framework for quantitative ultrasound elastography. Ultrasound elastography is a technology that unveils elastic parameters of a tissue, which are commonly related with certain pathologies. This thesis proposes three novel robotic approaches to assist examiners with elastography. The first approach deals with the control of a robot actuating an ultrasound probe to perform palpation motion required for ultrasound elastography. The elasticity of the tissue is used to design a servo control law to keep a stiff tissue of interest in the field of view of the ultrasound probe. Additionally, the orientation of the probe is controlled by a human user to explore other tissue while elastography is performed. The second approach exploits deformable image registration of ultrasound images to estimate the tissue elasticity and to help in the automatic compensation by ultrasound visual servoing of a motion introduced into the tissue. The third approach offers a methodology to feel the elasticity of the tissue by moving a virtual probe in the ultrasound image with a haptic device while the robot is performing palpation motion. Experimental results of the three robotic approaches over phantoms with tissue-like offer an excellent perspective for robotic-assistance for ultrasound elastography
Júnior, Valdir Grassi. "Sistema de visão omnidirecional aplicado no controle de robôs móveis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3132/tde-01082002-150320/.
Full textOmnidirectional vision systems can get images with a 360-degree of field of view. This type of system is very well suited for tasks such as robotic navigation, tele-operation and visual servoing. Such systems do not require the movement of the camera to the direction of attention of the robot. On the other hand, it requires a non-conventional image processing as the image captured by this vision system is mapped on a non-linear polar coordinate system. One effective way to obtain an image in an omnidirectional system is through the use of lenses and mirrors. Several different shapes of convex mirrors can be used, mounting the center of the mirror aligned with the camera optical axis. The most commonly used mirror shapes are conic, parabolic, hyperbolic and spherical. In this work a hyperbolical mirror was used to build an omnidirectional vision system. This system was mounted on a mobile robot and used in a control task. The task of interest here is the tracking in real time of a moving target keeping the distance between the robot and the target constant. This task is accomplished with data acquisition from the omnidirectional vision system, that is used as feedback to control the mobile robot in a visual servo approach.
Knol, Hester. "Aiming for illusions : the perception of size and its influence on motor control." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4099.
Full textThe influential two-visual streams hypothesis ascribes specific functional roles to the ventral and the dorsal network of the visual system. The ventral system has been hypothesized to process information for conscious perception (vision-for-perception), whereas the dorsal stream processes information for action (vision-for-action). The idea of two separate visual networks in the human brain inspired an enormous amount of research over the past 20 or so years. The results are conflicting and divisive about the idea, causing a seemingly insurmountable gap between supporters and opponents. This thesis aims to unravel a part of the jigsaw puzzle of how perception and action are functioning. The Ebbinghaus figure has been used to distinguish vision-for-perception that is susceptible to visual illusions (i.e., relative size) from vision-for-action that remain unaffected by perceptions of relative sizes. Therefore, we quantified the Ebbinghaus figure based on its geometry and systematically assessed its size illusion. Subsequently, a visuomotor task was implemented in which precision and speed of the voluntary movement were investigated. The description of the visuomotor task and of the perception of Ebbinghaus figures lead to combine both visuomotor task and Ebbinghaus figures. A dynamical model was fit to the experimental data to investigate the effect on the behavioral dynamics.This thesis demonstrated that the ventral stream and dorsal stream are not strictly functionally distinct, and that potentially different informational variables are used for ‘vision for perception’ and ‘vision for action’ irrespective of whether certain variables cause (perceptual) illusions
Azulay, Jean-Philippe. "Controle visuel de la locomotion chez le parkinsonien." Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX22021.
Full textDavid, Max Bastos. "Controle dinâmico de manipuladores com realimentação visual." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 1992. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1808.
Full textDahmouche, Redwan. "Contributions à l'estimation de mouvement 3D et à la commande par vision rapide : application aux robots parallèles." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00713533.
Full textRawashdeh, Samir Ahmed. "VISUAL ATTITUDE PROPAGATION FOR SMALL SATELLITES." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ece_etds/30.
Full textSage, Kingsley. "Task based visual control." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439890.
Full textVan, Niekerk Chirine. "Die stand van neuro-motoriese ontwikkeling en visueel-motoriese integrasie by 7- en 8-jarige leerders met leerverwante probleme / Chirine van Niekerk." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9724.
Full textThesis (MA (Kinderkinetics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
Van, Wyk Yolanda. "Verbetering van visueel–motoriese integrasie by 6– tot 8–jarige kinders met Aandaggebrekhiperaktiwiteitsindroom / van Wyk J." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7314.
Full textThesis (M.A. (Kinderkinetics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
Silveira, Filho Geraldo Figueiredo da. "Controle servo visual de veiculos roboticos aereos." [s.n.], 2002. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/260162.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação
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Menezes, Rafael Perrone Bezerra de. "Controle servo visual de veículos aéreos multirrotores." Universidade Federal da Bahia. Escola Politécnica, 2013. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/14156.
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O uso de câmeras aumenta a flexibilidade dos robôs. A visão permite que sistemas robóticos móveis operem em locais de onde se tem pouco ou nenhum conhecimento prévio. Sua aplicação também pode aumentar a confiabilidade e precisão das tarefas robóticas. A realimentação de informações visuais para controlar ou estabilizar a postura de robôs, chamado de controle servo visual ou servovisão, é uma das técnicas de controle baseada em visão. Classifica-se a servovisão em dois grupos: baseada em imagem, que define o erro no espaço da imagem; baseada em posição, que usa informações visuais para fazer uma reconstrução 3D, com o erro definido no espaço Euclidiano. Este trabalho apresenta uma avaliação do desempenho do controle servo visual baseado em imagem aplicado a veículos aéreos multirrotores. A abordagem baseada em imagem elimina a necessidade de reconstrução tridimensional com alto custo computacional presente na técnica baseada em posição. Outra vantagem é a reduzida sensibilidade a erros de calibração da câmera e ruídos na imagem quando comparada à baseada em posição. A servovisão clássica usa apenas um controlador proporcional constante. Tal abordagem clássica confere simplicidade ao sistema, porém tende a apresentar um elevado sinal de controle nos instantes iniciais do movimento, quando o erro é relativamente grande. O objetivo fundamental do trabalho aqui descrito é analisar abordagens que melhorem o desempenho da servovisão clássica mantendo sua complexidade relativamente baixa. Avaliaram-se duas alternativas: ganho variável e filtro fuzzy. Para comparar os três controladores (clássico, ganho variável e filtro fuzzy) realizaram-se experimentos simulados em dois cenários: primeiro, usando um sistema cinemático completamente atuado com seis graus de liberdade, para verificar a influência do controlador isoladamente; depois, usando um modelo dinâmico de um quadrirrotor para verificar o comportamento em situações próximas da aplicação real. Tanto o ganho variável quanto o filtro fuzzy demonstraram ser capazes de solucionar, ou amenizar, parte dos problemas do controlador clássico. Por fim, validaram-se os algoritmos em um veículo aéreo não tripulado de quatro rotores — o quadrirrotor. Verificou-se que as duas abordagens avaliadas apresentaram menor esforço de controle durante os instantes iniciais, enquanto o tempo de acomodação foi, também, menor. O desempenho em regime apresentou menor oscilação da orientação do robô com o ganho variável e ainda menor com o filtro fuzzy quando comparados à abordagem clássica, indicando que os dois controladores alternativos conseguem reduzir os efeitos das propriedades dinâmicas do veículo.
Guerrasio, Lorenzo. "Subcortical Control of Visual Fixation." Diss., lmu, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-134411.
Full textCoulthard, Elizabeth Jane. "Cognitive control in visual neglect." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445221/.
Full textParisot, Kevin. "La multi-stabilité dans la perception visuelle et les mouvements oculaires : l'action contrôle-t-elle la perception ou vice-versa ?" Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALT042.
Full textMulti-stable perception refers to the perceptual dynamics that emerge when the human's sensory system is confronted with a stationary, ambiguous visual stimulus. Though the stimulus is stationary, humans observe alternations in perception. Since its first observations by Necker (1832), multi-stable perception has been a tool to investigate the inference processes of the visual system when reconstructing a rich perceptual world from incomplete, and sometimes poor, sensory information.In this thesis, the relationships and dependencies between the oculomotor action and perceptual systems are approached in the context of multi-stable perception. The main questions driving the investigation can be formulated as follows: can we infer percepts from oculomotor behaviour and thus, what are the (hierarchical) relations between the perceptual and oculomotor systems?At first, we have studied ocular micro-movements in fixations that have been detected during exploration of a bi-stable visual stimulus with motion. We propose to classify them as micro-pursuit; a class of fixational eye movements, correlating with smooth, predictable, small-scale stimulus' target trajectories. We replicated these findings in an explicit pursuit task with a luminance change detection task, but only when the moving object was a target, and not when it was a distractor. Inter-experiment analysis suggests that the manipulation of task, stimulus target motion, and the level of ambiguity of the stimulus affect the generation of micro-pursuits: a result that may hint that bi-stable perception may play a role in the oculomotor decision to attend either the fixation cross, or the moving object.We have modelled this behaviour with a predictive model based on an energy potential field in which gaze is represented by the dynamics of a unitary mass. We further extend this model to capture multi-stable perception. An exploration of the model's capacity to reproduce fixational eye movement -- covering micro-saccades, micro-pursuits and stable fixations -- is presented.To further study perceptual multi-stability and oculomotor control, we used the moving plaid: a tri-stable stimulus, composed of two transparent gratings moving in different directions and visualised through an aperture, making perceived motion direction ambiguous. We investigate how the plaid's ambiguity can be manipulated at the individual subject level, using a probabilistic model and an experimental protocol to estimate its parameters. As such, points of maximal ambiguity can be identified for an observer based on the manipulation of the gratings' transparencies. We further looked at oculomotor manipulation in the context of the moving plaid stimulus and provide a brief outlook at a no-report paradigm that aims to exploit eye movements to infer the perception dynamics of an observer.This exploration aims to provide a road map for further investigation of perceptual and oculomotor coupling in multi-stable perception, and opens up to methods using neuro-imaging techniques to investigate multi-stability. The work presented here raises questions on the link between stability regimes and how bottom-up and top-down processes may play a role in modulating the brain into mono-, multi- or meta-stable dynamics
Dias, Anfranserai Morais. "Controle de Manipulador Redundante Utilizando Realimenta??o Visual." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2002. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15426.
Full textIn conventional robot manipulator control, the desired path is specified in cartesian space and converted to joint space through inverse kinematics mapping. The joint references generated by this mapping are utilized for dynamic control in joint space. Thus, the end-effector position is, in fact, controlled indirectly, in open-loop, and the accuracy of grip position control directly depends on the accuracy of the available kinematic model. In this report, a new scheme for redundant manipulator kinematic control, based on visual servoing is proposed. In the proposed system, a robot image acquired through a CCD camera is processed in order to compute the position and orientation of each link of the robot arm. The robot task is specified as a temporal sequence of reference images of the robot arm. Thus, both the measured pose and the reference pose are specified in the same image space, and its difference is utilized to generate a cartesian space error for kinematic control purposes. The proposed control scheme was applied in a four degree-of-freedom planar redundant robot arm, experimental results are shown
No controle convencional de manipuladores rob?ticos, a trajet?ria desejada ? especificada em espa?o cartesiano e mapeada para espa?o de juntas atrav?s do modelo cinem?tico inverso do manipulador. As novas refer?ncias assim geradas s?o utilizadas para fins de controle din?mico em espa?o de juntas, desde modo a posi??o da garra ? controlada efetivamente em malha aberta e a precis?o do controle depende diretamente da precis?o do modelo cinem?tico dispon?vel. Esta disserta??o apresenta um novo algoritmo de controle cinem?tico para bra?os redundantes baseado em realimenta??o visual. No sistema proposto, a imagem do rob? ? captada por uma c?mera e processada, para obter a posi??o e orienta??o de cada um dos elos do rob?. A trajet?ria do rob? ? especificada na forma de uma seq??ncia temporal de imagens de refer?ncia do bra?o rob?tico. Assim, ambas as poses, a medida e a de refer?ncia s?o especificadas no mesmo espa?o de imagem e a sua diferen?a ? utilizada para gerar um erro em espa?o cartesiano para prop?sitos de controle cinem?tico. O esquema de controle proposto foi aplicado a um manipulador redundante planar de quatro graus de liberdade, resultados experimentais s?o apresentados
Apulei, Jessica. "Control of the cerebral cortex plasticity through the non-cell autonomous function of OTX2 homeoprotein." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS451.
Full textDuring postnatal development, the cerebral cortex has limited temporal periods of high plasticity, called critical periods (CPs). These windows, which allow neural circuitry to be shaped by external stimuli, are found in many cortical regions and are regulated by several factors that influence the balance between excitation and inhibition. The most studied CP is that of ocular dominance in the visual cortex, and the OTX2 homeoprotein transcription factor plays an essential role. OTX2 is transferred from extra-cortical sources into a specific class of interneurons, the parvalbumin (PV) cells, and this transfer controls CP onset and closure in several cortical regions. The aim of my thesis was to reveal the mechanisms underlying OTX2 non-cell autonomous activity implicated in CP regulation. Altogether my work extends our current understanding of cortical plasticity and the role of OTX2 during CPs. I have shown that non-cell autonomous OTX2 regulates cortical postnatal plasticity through direct transcriptional mechanisms and epigenetic modifications
Alvarez, Alvaro Arturo Clavijo. "O papel dos aspectos não correlacionados com a consequência no estabelecimento do controle de estímulos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47132/tde-26032015-102224/.
Full textAt least part of the environment in which a response produces a consequence always gains control over the response. As a rule, the portion that gains control correlates with the consequence. Uncorrelated portions may hinder or facilitate the acquisition of control by the correlated ones and even gain control by themselves. The present dissertation deals with the role that portions of the environment uncorrelated with the consequence play on the establishment of stimulus control. Chapter 1 is a review on the establishment of control with emphases on the properties of the environment. Chapter 2 describes two experiments that evaluated control by portions of the environment uncorrelated with the consequence. Previous experiments with a recognition task suggested control over responding by portions of human-like stimuli uncorrelated with the consequence. Results from Experiment 2 demonstrated with an operant task that the recognition task measures control by aspects of the environment uncorrelated with the consequence and that control by uncorrelated portions of the stimuli may hinder or prevent control by the correlated portions. Chapter 3 describes three experiments that evaluated the influence of the stimulis shape on the acquisition of control by uncorrelated features. Results showed that uncorrelated portions of stimuli in human format had a greater chance of gaining control over responding than stimuli with the same components in nonhuman format. Chapter 4 describe two experiments that evaluated control by portions of the environment uncorrelated with the consequence with crosses formed by squares that touched each other or that had a small distance between them. Results showed that portions of the stimuli formed by disconnected squares gained control over responding, but they did not gain control when the crosses were formed by united stimuli