Academic literature on the topic 'Controlled respiration'

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Journal articles on the topic "Controlled respiration"

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Holmqvist, Fredrik, Martin Stridh, Johan E. P. Waktare, et al. "Rapid fluctuations in atrial fibrillatory electrophysiology detected during controlled respiration." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 289, no. 2 (2005): H754—H760. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00075.2005.

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Heart rate during sinus rhythm is modulated through the autonomic nervous system, which generates short-term oscillations. The high-frequency components in these oscillations are associated with respiration, causing sinus arrhythmia, mediated by the parasympathetic nervous system. In this study, we evaluated whether slow, controlled respiration causes cyclic fluctuations in the frequency of the fibrillating atria. Eight patients (four women; median age 63 yr, range 53–68 yr) with chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) and third-degree atrioventricular block treated by permanent pacemaker were studie
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Rosenthal, Frank S., and Changhong Li. "A servo-controlled respiration system for inhalation studies in anesthetized animals." Journal of Applied Physiology 83, no. 5 (1997): 1768–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1997.83.5.1768.

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Rosenthal, Frank S., and Changhong Li. A servo-controlled respiration system for inhalation studies in anesthetized animals. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(5): 1768–1774, 1997.—To facilitate aerosol deposition experiments and aerosol exposures in anesthetized animals, a servo-controlled respiration system was developed and tested. The system induces ventilation by varying extrathoracic pressure in a whole body respirator in which an intubated animal is placed. The pressure inside the whole body respirator is varied with a three-way servo-controlled spool valve connected to sources of positive and negati
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De Pascalis, Vilfredo, Antonella Anello, and Riccardo Venturing. "Changes in Heart Rate during Feedback Control of Respiration." Perceptual and Motor Skills 63, no. 1 (1986): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1986.63.1.87.

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Subjects received one of eight treatments: (1) practice at increasing heart rate with heart-rate feedback, (2) practice at decreasing heart rate with heart-rate feedback, (3) practice at increasing heart rate without heart-rate feedback, (4) practice at decreasing heart rate without heart-rate feedback, (5) practice at increasing respiration rate with respiratory feedback, (6) practice at decreasing respiration rate with respiratory feedback, (7) practice at increasing respiration rate with respiratory instructions only, (8) practice at decreasing respiration rate with respiratory instructions
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Collier, Donald E. "No difference in leaf respiration rates among temperate, subarctic, and arctic species grown under controlled conditions." Canadian Journal of Botany 74, no. 2 (1996): 317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-039.

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To test the theory that leaf respiration rates are inherently higher in arctic species compared with temperate species, a total of 35 species from temperate, subarctic, and arctic locations were grown under controlled conditions and leaf respiration rates were measured. Regardless of growth temperature (either 10 or 20 °C), leaf respiration rates measured at the growth temperature were independent of a species' geographic origin. In addition, salicylhydroxamic acid inhibited the alternative oxidase equally in all groups of species. Acclimation of leaf respiration to temperature was observed in
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Gilgoff, Irene S., Donna M. Barras, Michelle Sellers Jones, and Hazel V. Adkins. "Neck Breathing: A Form of Voluntary Respiration for the Spine-Injured Ventilator-Dependent Quadriplegic Child." Pediatrics 82, no. 5 (1988): 741–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.82.5.741.

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Children with respirator-dependent quadriplegia because of C-2 spinal cord injuries are now surviving the acute stages of their injury. The major cause of mortality and morbidity in the chronic stage is due to respiratory complications. Surveillance, 24 h/d, is the best way to prevent accidental disconnection of respirator equipment from the patient and its inherent catastrophic consequences. The constant risk of disconnection adds tension to the home environment and takes away from the patient any degree of independence or privacy. Because of this, an alternative method of respiration using n
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Collalti, Alessio, Mark G. Tjoelker, Günter Hoch, et al. "Plant respiration: Controlled by photosynthesis or biomass?" Global Change Biology 26, no. 3 (2019): 1739–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14857.

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Kole, N. K., and Suresh Prasad. "Respiration rate and heat of respiration of some fruits under controlled atmosphere conditions." International Journal of Refrigeration 17, no. 3 (1994): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-7007(94)90019-1.

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Romanchuk, AP, and OV Guziy. "[Tests with controlled respiration in assessing the variability of the parameters of the cardiorespiratory system of athletes]." Scientific notes International Humanitarian University 27 (June 5, 2017): 84–90. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.802943.

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The features of the evaluation of the results of the study of the parameters of the variability of the cardiorespiratory system are shown using tests with controlled respiration 6 and 15 times per minute. As a result of the survey of 1930 male athletes, the ranges of normative values of heart rate variability, systolic and diastolic arterial pressure, as well as respiration in case of spontaneous and controlled breathing were determined.
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Romanchuk, A.P. "ESTIMATION OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM REACTANCE OF SPORTSMEN AT USE OF TESTS WITH CONTROLLED RESPIRATION." Journal of Health Sciences 4, no. 2013; 3 (2013): 335–48. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16197.

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The analysis of changes of indicators of variability of a heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, breath in a condition of rest is carried out and at carrying out of tests with controlled respiration of 6 and 15 times in a minute, having vegetothrophy influence. Calculated earlier centile distribution of distribution of indicators of variability of the listed functions at spontaneous and adjustable breath have allowed to establish differences in a range of 25-75 % of occurrence. In whole, we can state that controled respiratory 6 and 15 per time enable activation of various control
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Bohling, H. "GENERATION OF CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERES BY UTILIZING FRUIT RESPIRATION." Acta Horticulturae, no. 368 (July 1994): 132–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1994.368.14.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Controlled respiration"

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Pan, Jung-Chuan. "Analysis of heat transfer, transpiration and respiration of fresh tomatoes under controlled atmosphere storage /." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487672245901989.

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Drummond, Micah J. "The influence of controlled frequency breathing on blood lactate levels during graded front crawl stroke swimming." Scholarly Commons, 2001. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/552.

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Controlled frequency breathing (CFB) is a training technique used by swimmers in an effort to limit oxygen availability to the body and stimulate anaerobic metabolism. During CFB, a swimmer restricts breathing to one breath every six, seven, or even eight strokes per breath. The purpose of this study was to determine tb.e influen<;:e of CFB on blood lactate, heart rate, and stroke rate during front crawl stroke swimming. A maximal exertion test was used to determine peak swimming velocity. Based on this maximal test, five different workloads were used to compare CFB and normal breathing (NB).
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Van, Zandvoort Alisha. "The Effect of Control Tile Drainage on Soil Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Agricultural Fields in the South Nation Watershed of Ontario." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34567.

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Controlled tile drainage (CTD) is an agricultural management practice with well-documented water quality and agronomic benefits, however, by virtue of its effect upon soil hydrology, CTD could potentially impact soil greenhouse gas (GHG: CO2, CH4, N2O) emissions. This study aimed to determine whether: (1) CTD affects soil GHG emissions throughout a dry (2012) and a wet (2013) growing season for corn, soybean, and forage fields in eastern Ontario, and (2) the location in a field with respect to a tile drain (over tile (OT) versus between tile (BT)) is important in GHG emissions. Non-steady stat
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Vieira, Marcelo José. "Aumento da conservação de kiwi pelo uso de atmosfera controlada e 1-metilciclopropeno." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2008. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/1091.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:44:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGPV08MA044.pdf: 355822 bytes, checksum: 1fe501d96a7d73a1fe7a14d6e9a58c69 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-19<br>This research was carried out to study the effects of controlled atmosphere storage (CA, with ethylene scrubber) and the treatment with the inhibitor of ethylene action, 1- metilciclopropeno (1-MCP) on postharvest quality preservation of Bruno , Monty and Hayward kiwifruits (Actinidia deliciosa). Hayward, Bruno and Monty kiwifruits were harvested in April of 2003 and 2004, in Fraiburgo, SC. After h
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Foronda, Flavia Andrea Krepel. "Duração da ventilação mecânica em pediatria: impacto da introdução de avaliações diárias e teste de respiração espontânea." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-08082013-095322/.

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Introdução: Ventilação mecânica (VM) é frequente em crianças com insuficiência respiratória aguda e está associada a complicações, sendo, portanto, necessários esforços para encurtar a sua duração. Objetivos: Verificar se a realização de avaliações diárias e testes de respiração espontânea (TRE), poderiam encurtar a duração da VM em crianças, quando comparado ao desmame habitualmente realizado em pediatria. Objetivos secundários incluíram a avaliação da taxa de falha de extubação e a necessidade de ventilação não invasiva (VNI). Desenho: Estudo prospectivo, randomizado, controlado. Ambiente: D
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Suzumura, Erica Aranha. "Efeito da manobra de recrutamento alveolar em pacientes com síndrome da angústia respiratória aguda: revisão sistemática e metanálise." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5137/tde-18062015-143438/.

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Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito das manobras de recrutamento alveolar em desfechos clínicos de pacientes com síndrome da angústia respiratória aguda (SARA). Métodos: Busca nas bases eletrônicas MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, CINAHL, CENTRAL, Scopus, and Web of Science (até Julho de 2014), sem limite de idioma, por ensaios clínicos randomizados avaliando o efeito das manobras de recrutamento alveolar versus tratamento padrão sem manobras de recrutamento em pacientes adultos com SARA. Quatro duplas de revisores avaliaram de maneira independente a elegibilidade e o risco de viés dos estudos e extraíram os d
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PALISSES, REGIS. "Contribution a l'etude du controle de la respiration spinale chez le lapin." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066386.

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L'existence d'un generateur spinal de la respiration (grs) nous a incite a determiner si les controles peripheriques auxquels il etait soumis etaient comparables a ceux qui modifient puissamment l'activite du generateur bulbaire (grb). Nous avons egalement aborde le probleme du controle central de son activite par grb. Les experiences ont ete realisees sur des lapins non anesthesies, curarises, decortiques avant et apres transection spinale (au niveau c2) et activation pharmacologique (niamide-dopa) dans le second cas. Les memes series de stimulations peripheriques naturelles pratiquees sur pr
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ANFLOUS, KELTOUM. "Controle de la respiration mitochondriale au niveau des muscles stries : role de la creatine kinase et de la membrane externe." Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA077165.

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Les muscles stries presentent une specificite tissulaire morphologique, biochimique et metabolique liee aux roles fonctionnels de ces muscles. Le muscle cardiaque (mc) et le muscle squelettique lent (msl) expriment la myosine de type lent et sont essentiellement oxydatifs alors que le muscle squelettique rapide (msr) exprime la myosine de type rapide et est principalement glycolytique. La creatine kinase (ck ; ec 2. 7. 3. 2), une des enzymes cle du metabolisme energetique, presente egalement une specificite tissulaire quant a l'expression de ses isoformes et la fonction qu'elle accomplit au ni
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Grangis, Christine. "Modifications du métabolisme de la pefloxacine sous ventilation controlée : à propos de 8 patients atteints de pneumopathie nosocomiale." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON11151.

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Thomachot, Laurent. "Effet des variations de température et d'humidification des gaz inspires sur la mécanique pulmonaire chez le sujet en ventilation contrôlée." Aix-Marseille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX20844.

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Books on the topic "Controlled respiration"

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Abuella, Gihan, and Andrew Rhodes. Mechanical ventilation. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0024.

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Mechanical ventilation is used to assist or replace spontaneous respiration. Gas flow can be generated by negative pressure techniques, but it is positive pressure ventilation that is the most efficacious in intensive care. There are numerous pulmonary and extrapulmonary indications for mechanical ventilation, and it is the underlying pathology that will determine the duration of ventilation required. Ventilation modes can broadly be classified as volume- or pressure-controlled, but modern ventilators combine the characteristics of both in order to complement the diverse requirements of indivi
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Grounds, Robert O., and Andrew Rhodes. Mechanical ventilation. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0024_update_001.

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Mechanical ventilation is used to assist or replace spontaneous respiration. Gas flow can be generated by negative pressure techniques, but it is positive pressure ventilation that is the most efficacious in intensive care. There are numerous pulmonary and extrapulmonary indications for mechanical ventilation, and it is the underlying pathology that will determine the duration of ventilation required. Ventilation modes can broadly be classified as volume- or pressure-controlled, but modern ventilators combine the characteristics of both in order to complement the diverse requirements of indivi
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Book chapters on the topic "Controlled respiration"

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Fritz, K. W., K. Lundin, K. Zettergren, M. Tabbert, J. Mottner, and D. Patschke. "Controlled Respiration with He-O2 Mixtures Using a Semi-open and a Closed System." In Closed-Circuit System and Other Innovations in Anaesthesia. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71328-6_12.

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Haouzi, Philippe, Bruno Chenuel, Bernard Chalon, and Andrew Huszczuk. "Distention of Venous Structures in Muscles as a Controller of Respiration." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1375-9_56.

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Mitchell, Graham. "Respiration." In How Giraffes Work. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197571194.003.0012.

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This chapter discusses the respiratory system of giraffes. The respiratory system supplies oxygen, removes of carbon dioxide and produces the airflow needed to make sounds. Giraffes do not have the velocity of airflow through the airways to vibrate vocal cords sufficiently to generate sounds able to be heard by humans but can produce sounds able to be heard by giraffes. Air reaches alveoli for gas exchange through a long trachea, which is relatively narrow (~4 cm in diameter). Dead space volume is large. A short trunk and rigid chest wall reduce the capacity of the thorax and consequently lung
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Shepherd, Gordon M. "Respiration and Wine Aromas." In Neuroenology. Columbia University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/columbia/9780231177009.003.0004.

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Respiration is critical to producing both orthonasal and retronasal smell. We explain how the diaphragm moves up and down, controlled by the nerves from the respiratory central pattern generator. We look inside the nose to see how the sniff produces complex airflows when we are sampling the wine aroma in the glass by orthonasal smell.
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Taiz, Lincoln, Ian Max Møller, Angus Murphy, and Wendy A. Peer. "Respiration and Lipid Metabolism." In Fundamentals of Plant Physiology. Oxford University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hesc/9780197614167.003.0011.

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This chapter reviews plant respiration and lipid metabolism. Aerobic respiration is the biological process by which reduced organic compounds are oxidized in a controlled manner. The chapter looks at respiration in its metabolic context, emphasizing the interconnections among the processes involved and the special features that are peculiar to plants. It also relates respiration to recent developments in the understanding of the biochemistry and molecular biology of plant mitochondria and respiratory fluxes in intact plant tissues. The chapter then describes the pathways of lipid biosynthesis
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Taiz, Lincoln, Eduardo Zeiger, Ian Max Møller, and Angus Murphy. "Respiration and Lipid Metabolism." In Fundamentals of Plant Physiology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hesc/9781605357904.003.0011.

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This chapter reviews plant respiration and lipid metabolism. Aerobic respiration is the biological process by which reduced organic compounds are oxidized in a controlled manner. The chapter looks at respiration in its metabolic context, emphasizing the interconnections among the processes involved and the special features that are peculiar to plants. It also relates respiration to recent developments in the understanding of the biochemistry and molecular biology of plant mitochondria and respiratory fluxes in intact plant tissues. The chapter then describes the pathways of lipid biosynthesis
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Hlastala, Michael P., and Albert J. Berger. "Airway and Lung Receptors, Reflexes, and Autonomic Regulation." In Physiology of Respiration. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195138467.003.0010.

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Abstract The airways and lungs are richly endowed with sensory receptors. When activated, these receptors have marked effects on respiration and other body functions. Targets such as smooth muscle and glands, controlled by the autonomic nervous system, are reflexively regulated by these sensory receptors. Each of us has experienced the striking consequences of activation of sensory receptors in the airways and lungs. You need only consider the inhalation of dust into the nasal passages, which results in a sneeze reflex. Furthermore, if dust is inhaled through the mouth, bypassing the filtering
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Pocock, Gillian, Christopher D. Richards, and David A. Richards. "The control of respiration." In Human Physiology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hesc/9780198737223.003.0043.

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This chapter considers breathing as an automatic, rhythmical process that is constantly adjusted to meet the everyday requirements of life, such as exercise and speech. It addresses three important questions: Where does this rhythmical activity originate? How is it generated? How is the rate and depth of respiration controlled? The chapter talks about the basic respiratory rhythm, which is maintained even if all the afferent nerves are cut. The chapter explains how the basic rhythm of respiration continues, even if the brainstem of an anaesthetized animal is completely cut through above the po
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Kamat, Shaila. "Physiological Effects of Spontaneous v/s Controlled Respiration." In Practical Applications of Mechanical Ventilation. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/11013_12.

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Kamat, Shaila. "Minimizing the Harmful CVS Effects of Controlled Respiration." In Practical Applications of Mechanical Ventilation. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/11013_14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Controlled respiration"

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S, Sakthiya Ram, Madhumitha J, Arun Jayakar, Deepa P, Kalimuthu M, and Kumar C. "Design and Comparison of Hybrid Optimization controllers for Artificial Respiration System." In 2025 Fourth International Conference on Smart Technologies, Communication and Robotics (STCR). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/stcr62650.2025.11019587.

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Murray, Alan, and Masaki Hoshiyama. "Study of Blood Pressure During Controlled Respiration." In 2018 Computing in Cardiology Conference. Computing in Cardiology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22489/cinc.2018.023.

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Sadowski, N., and G. Drzewiecki. "Computational Cellular Model of Heart Rate Variability During Controlled Respiration." In 2022 IEEE Signal Processing in Medicine and Biology Symposium (SPMB). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/spmb55497.2022.10014961.

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Estrada, Luis, Leonardo Sarlabous, Manuel Lozano-Garcia, Raimon Jane, and Abel Torres. "Neural Offset Time Evaluation in Surface Respiratory Signals during Controlled Respiration." In 2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8856767.

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Rozo, Andrea, Jeroen Buil, Jonathan Moeyersons, et al. "Controlled Breathing Effect on Respiration Quality Assessment Using Machine Learning Approaches." In 2021 Computing in Cardiology (CinC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/cinc53138.2021.9662854.

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Rivadeneira, Dayana B., M. Cecilia Caino, Jae Ho Seo, et al. "Abstract B09: Mitochondrial respiration controlled by survivin directs mitochondrial dynamics and tumor cell invasion." In Abstracts: AACR Special Conference: Metabolism and Cancer; June 7-10, 2015; Bellevue, WA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1557-3125.metca15-b09.

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Saghbiny, Elie, Saman Vafadar, Antoine Harlé, and Guillaume Morel. "Design of an ex-vivo experimental setup for spine surgery based on in-vivo identification of respiration-induced spine movement." In THE HAMLYN SYMPOSIUM ON MEDICAL ROBOTICS. The Hamlyn Centre, Imperial College London London, UK, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31256/hsmr2023.43.

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In spine surgery, e.g., pedicle screw placement, patients are in the prone position, anesthetized, and breath using respirators. Respiration-induced spine movements may interfere with the operation. For evaluating spine surgery robotic systems [1] without resorting to in-vivo experi- ments, it is necessary to provide a setup that realistically reproduces the spine movement in a lab. The literature is not very rich in documenting such a movement. Most of the time, only the range of motion of one or two vertebrae is provided. Glossop et al. [2] measured this respiration-induced motion for two hu
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Stevanović, Snežana. "Effect of storage in controlled atmosphere on apple fruits quality." In 35th International Congress on Process Industry. SMEITS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24094/ptk.022.055.

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Food market is increasingly interested in fresh, unprocessed food products containing no added chemicals. Increasing quantities of food are exported as fresh commodity; therefore, there is a demand for modern postharvest technologies. Fresh fruits continue with metabolic activities after harvest, resulting in continuous loss of fruit compounds, water and gaseous exchanges with surrounding environment through respiration and transpiration. This contributes significantly to postharvest quality loss because of resultant mass, firmness and freshness loss, as well as short shelf life which are the
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Mandic, Magda, Mehmet Senbayram, Christoph Bauer, Nadine Ruehr, and Jelka Braden-Behrens. "Studying CO2 from plant respiration in controlled and natural environment: How can plant breeding industry benefit from it? (Conference Presentation)." In Autonomous Air and Ground Sensing Systems for Agricultural Optimization and Phenotyping III, edited by J. Alex Thomasson, Mac McKee, and Robert J. Moorhead. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2315601.

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Pastorelli Latanze, Mariane, Alessandra Nicoletti, Ana B. Gatsakos, Loren W. Steinman, Richard S. Gates, and Kent D. Rausch. "<i>Changes in soybean quality under controlled environmental conditions using static grain respiration measurement system</i>." In 2020 ASABE Annual International Virtual Meeting, July 13-15, 2020. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.202000559.

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Reports on the topic "Controlled respiration"

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Banin, Amos, Joseph Stucki, and Joel Kostka. Redox Processes in Soils Irrigated with Reclaimed Sewage Effluents: Field Cycles and Basic Mechanism. United States Department of Agriculture, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7695870.bard.

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The overall objectives of the project were: (a) To measure and study in situ the effect of irrigation with reclaimed sewage effluents on redox processes and related chemical dynamics in soil profiles of agricultural fields. (b) To study under controlled conditions the kinetics and equilibrium states of selected processes that affect redox conditions in field soils or that are effected by them. Specifically, these include the effects on heavy metals sorption and desorption, and the effect on pesticide degradation. On the basis of the initial results from the field study, increased effort was de
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Miyamoto, Seiichi, and Rami Keren. Improving Efficiency of Reclamation of Sodium-Affected Soils. United States Department of Agriculture, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7570569.bard.

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Sodium affected soils, along with salt-affected soils, are distributed widely in irrigated areas of the arid and semi-arid region of the world. Some of these soils can and must be reclaimed to meet the increasing demand for food, and existing irrigated lands must be managed to reduce salinization and alkalization associated with deteriorating irrigation water quality. This project was conducted for examining ways to reduce the use of chemical amendments and large quantities of leaching water for reclaiming sodic soils or for preventing soil sodification, We hypothesized that sodicity of calcar
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Hochman, Ayala, Thomas Nash III, and Pamela Padgett. Physiological and Biochemical Characterization of the Effects of Oxidant Air Pollutants, Ozone and Gas-phase Nitric Acid, on Plants and Lichens for their Use as Early Warning Biomonitors of these Air Pollutants. United States Department of Agriculture, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697115.bard.

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Abstract:
Introduction. Ozone and related oxidants are regarded as the most important phytotoxic air pollutant in many parts of the western world. A previously unrecognized component of smog, nitric acid, may have even greater deleterious effects on plants either by itself or by augmenting ozone injury. The effects of ozone on plants are well characterized with respect to structural and physiological changes, but very little is known about the biochemical changes in plants and lichens exposed to ozone and/or HNO3. Objectives.To compare and contrast the responses of crop plants and lichens to dry deposit
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