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1

Ziegler, J. G., and N. B. Nichols. "Optimum Settings for Automatic Controllers." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 115, no. 2B (June 1, 1993): 220–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2899060.

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In this paper, the three principal control effects found in present controllers are examined and practical names and units of measurement are proposed for each effect. Corresponding units are proposed for a classification of industrial processes in terms of the two principal characteristics affecting their controllability. Formulas are given which enable the controller settings to be determined from the experimental or calculated values of the lag and unit reaction rate of the process to be controlled. These units form the basis of a quick method for adjusting a controller on the job. The effect of varying each controller setting is shown in a series of chart records. It is believed that the conceptions of control presented in this paper will be of assistance in the adjustment of existing controller applications and in the design of new installations.
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Zhou, Kun Lin, Qi Qiang Li, and Rong Sheng Guo. "Analysis for Operation Control System Based on IDEF Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 385-386 (August 2013): 783–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.385-386.783.

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The optimal operation of the process is achieved as a whole by analyzing the hierarchical control system for industrial process operation based on IDEF method. A loop setting controller is projected for the generalized object consisting of the controlled process and the lower-level control system by using the IDEF method. According to the desired technical indices, the loop setting controller is able to automatically adjusts the set points for the lower-level controllers from top to bottom, meet the requirements of operation control for the production process, ensure the quality of products and stable operation of the production process.
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3

Suwoyo, Heru, Yingzhong Tian, and Muhammad Hafizd Ibnu Hajar. "ENHANCING THE PERFORMANCE OF THE WALL-FOLLOWING ROBOT BASED ON FLC-GA." SINERGI 24, no. 2 (April 17, 2020): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/sinergi.2020.2.008.

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Determination of the improper speed of the wall-following robot will produce a wavy motion. This common problem can be solved by adding a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) to the system. The usage of FLC is very influential on the performance of the wall-following robot. Accuracy in the determination of speed is largely based on the setting of the membership function that becomes the value of its input. So manual setting on membership function can still be enhanced by approaching the certain optimization method. This paper describes an optimization method based on Genetic Algorithm (GA). It is used to improving the ability of FLC to control the wall-following robot controlled by FLC. To provide clarity, the wall-following robot that controlled using an FLC with manual settings will be simulated and compared with the performance of wall-following robots controlled by a fuzzy logic controller optimized by a Genetic Algorithm (FLC-GA). According to comparative results, the proposed method has been showing effectiveness in terms of stability indicated by a small error.
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S. Raghuwanshi, Santosh, and Vikas Khare. "Sizing and implementation of Photovoltaic Water Pumping System for Irrigation." IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijai.v7.i1.pp54-62.

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<p>Solar photovoltaic systems convert energy of light directly into electrical<br />energy. This work presents, a process to compute the required size of the<br />stand-alone solar photovoltaic generator based water pumping system<br />for an existing area. In addition solar photovoltaic generator is<br />connecting voltage source inverter fed vector controlled induction<br />motor-pump system. Perturb and observe are used for harvesting<br />maximum power of PV generator in between buck-boost DC converter<br />and inverter system. In this paper system result is validated by fuzzy<br />logic system and compare with variable frequency drives based PI<br />controllers, driving motor-pump system. The operational performance<br />at 60 m head, VFD based controllers in terms overshoot and setting time<br />and also analysis performance of motor-pump set under different<br />weather conditions. By assessment of system we find that speed and<br />torque variation, overshoot and settling time is more with PI controller,<br />Fuzzy logic controller (FLC) performance have dominance to VFD<br />based PI controller.</p>
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5

Ho, Wai-Fuk, and Wai-Hung Ng. "Self-Setting Software for the Programmable Digital Controller." Measurement and Control 22, no. 10 (December 1989): 295–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002029408902201003.

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6

Yang, Ming, Wei Ping Zhao, and Lei Zhang. "Unmanned Helicopter Course PID Controller Parameters Setting and Simulation." Advanced Materials Research 748 (August 2013): 727–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.748.727.

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In the basis of the rolling angle inside loop controller stability, this paper using genetic algorithm to optimize the parameters of PID, in order to get the flight course outside loop controller parameters constituted by course angle feedback signal. Aiming at the small unmanned helicopter course stability control model features, we choose the rise time of system, the steady-state error and proportion of combination as an optimum target function. To ensure the effect of the controller and reduce the system shock, we introduce system shock times and multiply punishment function. It has better flexibility, adaptability, stability and can guaranty the system controller effect and improves the system capability by adopting the genetic algorithm to develop the PID controller. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the method that we put forward.
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7

Miková, Lubica. "CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR DC MOTOR." Technical Sciences and Technologies, no. 4(22) (2020): 184–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5363-2020-4(22)-184-189.

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Urgency of the research. DCmotorsare very important andtherefore greatattention is paidto theirdevelopment and production. DCmotorsareusedwherever a wide rangeof speedcontrol is required,orwherestartingconditions aredifficult.They are characterized by simple speed controllability andreliability.Target setting. The article dealswith the analysisof a DCmotorwith a focusonspeedcontrolusingthe design of a PI controller. Matlab/Simulinksoftware is usedforsimulation.Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The PI controller is themostcommoncombinedcontrollerbecauseit has an almostuniversaluse. In a closedloopcontrolsystem, it eliminates permanentcontroldeviation andimprovesstability.At the beginning of thecontrol, theinfluenceof theproportional termprevails,with increasing time theinfluenceof the inte-grationtermprevails.Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining.Another taskwillbe to verify theproposedPI controllerona realmotor.The research objective. The main aimwasto create controlof a DCmotorusing a PI controller. Theproposedcontrolsystemregulates themotor speedwithzerocontroldeviation.The statement of basic materials. It is a typeof electric motorpowered by directcurrent. The main advantagesincludeversatility andsimplicity.Conclusions. The aimof the articlewasto create a mathematicalmodel,which is the mainbuildingblockforsimulationsin a computerenvironment. Basedon the available parameters of the selected DCmotor, this mathematicalmodel and its functionalityweresimulated.Subsequently, the PI controller is designed and its simulationwith different loadcharacteristics.
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8

Touhami, Mohammed, Pierre Sicard, Abdeljebar Hazzab, and Fouad Mokhtari. "Comparative study between the NLPI controller and the CPI controller." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 1178. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i3.pp1178-1186.

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Unquestionably, the classic CPI controller dominates the industry and has the advantage of being simple and easy to implement. because its setting remains intuitive and more practical. On the other hand, these disadvantages lie in the fact that most of them reach a compromise in terms of speed of response and stability. Even worse, such an approach becomes insufficient at the increasingly demanding speeds demanded by the industry. in this context the NLPI controller is currently presented as an alternative. With its simple tuning method and robustness to process parameter variations, it stands out as a valuable addition to the toolbox of control engineering specialists. This paper aims to provide a simulation-based study using a MAS controlled by IFOC, comparing the PI controller system to the NLPI controller system. The results will be in favor of the last one.
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9

Chang, Guang Hui, Jie Chang Wu, and Chao Jie Zhang. "Optimum Setting of DC Drives PID Controller via Particle Swarm Optimization." Applied Mechanics and Materials 157-158 (February 2012): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.157-158.88.

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In this paper, an intelligent controller of PM DC Motor drive is designed using particle swarm optimization (PSO) method for tuning the optimal proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller parameters. The proposed approach has superior feature, including easy implementation, stable convergence characteristics and very good computational performances efficiency.To show the validity of the PID-PSO controller, a DC motor position control case is considered and some simulation results are shown. The DC Motor Scheduling PID-PSO controller is modeled in MATLAB environment.. It can be easily seen from the simulation results that the proposed method will have better performance than those presented in other studies.
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10

Xu, Jian, Shaokun Jia, Jie Bai, Kunpeng Zhao, Minglei Wu, and Qiang Ding. "Research on coordinated controller design method based on fault early warning model." E3S Web of Conferences 213 (2020): 03008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021303008.

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With increasing degree of power electronics in power system, the interaction between controllers of different FACTS devices poses a greater threat to security and stability of the system. In this paper, a linearized state space model with SVC and STATCOM was established, and the negative interaction mechanism of FACTS device in transient process was analyzed and summarized considering control characteristics, operation mode and setting principle of PI controllers. A model predictive control (MPC) is proposed to replace traditional PI link to establish a coordination controller to overcome the difficulties of PI control parameter setting and global optimization.
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11

Sk, Roswaldi, and Julsam Julsam. "Rancang Bangun Tacho Generator Sebagai Sensor Kecepatan Pada Praktikum Kendali Motor-Motor Listrik." Elektron : Jurnal Ilmiah 1, no. 1 (September 10, 2009): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/eji.1.1.4.

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The research implementing “Tachogenerator as the sensor for controller of Electric Motor Speed rotation at electric laboratories” Plant (Object controlled) is controlled by the electric motors speed rotation in AC or DC, by setting armature voltage of motor using digital PID controller and fuzzy logic from Personal Computer (PC). Although the load disturbances are changing significantly, but the motor speed rotation can be stabilized by feedback input from tachogenerator which are the focus in this research. PID controller dan fuzzy Logic controller applications are used to find the advantages the disadvatages or controll methode of motor reliability in dinamic controll (speed rotation) which cause the system more stabil. The result can be seen in maintained system responses and the system reliabilty against disturbances.
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12

Zhao, Wei Ping, Zhan Shuang Hu, and Ming Yang. "The Study of DC Motor Position Controller Parameter Setting and Simulation." Advanced Materials Research 748 (August 2013): 797–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.748.797.

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Classic setting method not only process trival, but also can't ensure that the controller you get is optimal. In order to obtain satisfactory system performance, in this paper, In this paper, the genetic algorithm is introduced to the dc motor optimal position tracking system control problem. By using it to global optimization of the controller parameters, and setting the current, speed and position controller parameters. The simulation results: PID controller designed by using genetic algorithm can make the response of control system tracking faster and no overshoot,make sure that the system control effect based on the stability and improve the system performance and achieve the actual process requirements. The simulation results verify that the proposed method is effectiveness.
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13

Liu, Lu, and Shuo Zhang. "Robust Fractional-Order PID Controller Tuning Based on Bode’s Optimal Loop Shaping." Complexity 2018 (June 25, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6570560.

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This paper presents a novel fractional-order PID controller tuning strategy based on Bode’s optimal loop shaping which is commonly used for LTI feedback systems. Firstly, the controller parameters are achieved based on flat phase property and Bode’s optimal reference model, so that the controlled system is robust to gain variations and can achieve desirable transient performance according to various control requirements. Then, robustness analysis of the controlled system is carried out to support the results. Furthermore, the parameter setting is analyzed to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed controller. At last, some simulation examples are shown to verify the accuracy and usefulness of the proposed control strategy. The proposed fractional-order PID controller does not have any restriction on the controlled plant, so it can be widely applied on both integer-order and fractional-order systems.
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14

Ding, Fang, and Dong Jian Huang. "The ACA-BP Algorithm Based Controller of PID Neural Network and its Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 239-240 (December 2012): 1377–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.239-240.1377.

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Aiming at the shortages of traditional PID controller, and problems of hardly setting the controller parameters, and the setting time is long, this paragraph gives a design of ACA-BP arithmetic based controller of PID Neural Network. First, uses the Ant Colony algorithm to thickly select the PID neuron network weight parameter. Then adjust parameters online by PID Neural Network and BP algorithm. Finally, we can obtain optimal parameters. The simulation result shows, compared with traditional PID controller, this controller has greatly improved its control performances. This would have some theoretical and practical significance.
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15

Zhang, Jian Jun. "The Design of Fish Tank Thermostat Controller Based on TC89C52." Advanced Materials Research 709 (June 2013): 391–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.709.391.

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In this paper, we study the thermostat controller of the fish tank controlled by STC89C52. We use DS18B20 to measure the temperature. We control the relay to control the heating wire to whether heat or not. We can control the temperature at the setting value and display the value in LED.
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16

Tomer, Anurag Singh, and Saty Prakash Dubey. "Response Based Comparative Analysis of Two Inverter Fed Six Phase PMSM Drive by Using PI and Fuzzy Logic Controller." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 6 (December 1, 2016): 2643. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i6.12764.

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<p>This Paper gives a complete modeling and simulation of a two inverter fed six phase permanent magnet synchronous motor drive system, Then response based comparative analysis is done on starting torque ,settling time, Steady state current at various speed levels and torque levels by changing proportional- integral (PI) controller to Fuzzy logic controller. The PI controller has some disadvantages like, more settling time, sluggish response due to sudden change in load torque etc. So an intelligent controller, based on fuzzy logic is introduced which replaces the PI-controller and its drawbacks. The performance of both the controller has been investigated and studied by comparing the different plots obtained by setting various speed level both incremented and decremented speed , at different load conditions like No-load, fix load and dynamic load through Matlab/Simulink environment. Finally it is concluded from the result that fuzzy logic based controller is robust, reliable gives quick response with high starting torque and more effective than the conventional PI controller. It is also observed that both the proposed model can also run above rated speed significantally.</p>
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17

Tomer, Anurag Singh, and Saty Prakash Dubey. "Response Based Comparative Analysis of Two Inverter Fed Six Phase PMSM Drive by Using PI and Fuzzy Logic Controller." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 6 (December 1, 2016): 2643. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i6.pp2643-2657.

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<p>This Paper gives a complete modeling and simulation of a two inverter fed six phase permanent magnet synchronous motor drive system, Then response based comparative analysis is done on starting torque ,settling time, Steady state current at various speed levels and torque levels by changing proportional- integral (PI) controller to Fuzzy logic controller. The PI controller has some disadvantages like, more settling time, sluggish response due to sudden change in load torque etc. So an intelligent controller, based on fuzzy logic is introduced which replaces the PI-controller and its drawbacks. The performance of both the controller has been investigated and studied by comparing the different plots obtained by setting various speed level both incremented and decremented speed , at different load conditions like No-load, fix load and dynamic load through Matlab/Simulink environment. Finally it is concluded from the result that fuzzy logic based controller is robust, reliable gives quick response with high starting torque and more effective than the conventional PI controller. It is also observed that both the proposed model can also run above rated speed significantally.</p>
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18

Kulakov, G. T., and K. I. Artsiomenka. "Synthesis of Boiler Controllers of the Automatic Power Control System of Power Units." ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations 63, no. 3 (May 28, 2020): 223–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2020-63-3-223-235.

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The article concerns the problem of structure-and-parametric optimization of a cascade automatic control system (CACS) by an example of a boiler power controller and a fuel controller. This CACS, which is a part of automatic control systems for power units, consists of two loops, viz. of an inner loop (which purpose is stabilization of the system) and an outer loop (designed for the adjustment) and, also, of two controller, viz. an outer controller (which is a basic one) provided for stabilization of the output value of the object (in our case, of the actual power unit capacity) and of an inner controller (which is an auxiliary one) provided to regulate fuel consumption. The internal controller builds up the control action with the aid of the boiler load controller of the power unit. As compared to single-loop automatic control systems, the cascade system provides better quality of transient control due to the higher performance of the internal loop of the system. This advantage is especially noticeable when compensating for disturbances that come through the channel of regulating impact. The article presents two methods of setting, viz. the fuel controller and the boiler power controller. The application of these methods can improve the quality of power control and reduce fuel consumption in transient modes in comparison with the setting of these controllers of a typical power unit automatic power control system. The results of computer simulation of transient processes in CACS for input step surge and internal perturbation confirm the advantages of the methods are presented in this article.
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Valenzuela, M. AnÍbal, John Martin Bentley, and Robert D. Lorenz. "Computer-Aided Controller Setting Procedure for Paper Machine Drive Systems." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 45, no. 2 (2009): 638–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2009.2013588.

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Gao, Qin He, and Wen Liang Guan. "Predictive Controller Design and Simulation of Time-Varying System Based on IGPC." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 2647–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.2647.

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An adaptive predictive controller is proposed to solve the time-varying characteristics of the industrial process control system. The arithmetic of implicit expression generalized predictive control(IGPC) is put forward to compute the optimal control signal increment. In order to decrease the computing work and increase the computing speed, the system input/output data are used to identify the controller parameters directly and the plant model parameters are unnecessary. Simulation results show that the controller can track the change of setting value excellently even though without any prior information of controlled system, and have excellent adaptive abilities for the changes of system external disturbing signals and model parameters.
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21

Li, Rui, Shu Yong Song, Zhen Guo Ma, and Zi Ming Kou. "Design of Setting Management System of Relay Protection to Anti-Grade Trip in Coal Mine Based on Serial Communication." Applied Mechanics and Materials 415 (September 2013): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.415.109.

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Because of personnel deployment flow, protection equipment and electric device replacement, and enterprise scale expansion, setting management is more difficult. It is easy to be out of control and become the main reason for the anti-grade trip. To solve the anti-grade trip problem of setting mismanagement, this paper designed one setting management system, which is composed of slave controller and upper server. After analysis, the communication process based on the TCP/IP protocols, the communication scheme is chosen between slave controller and upper server. Software within upper server is designed based on database technology. Slave controller gets the setting from relay protection device, by using IEC 60870-5-103 protocols based on serial communication, and sends to the software within the upper server, which can monitor, display and record. Setting management problem was solved, which is caused by the personnel deployment flow, protection equipment replacement, and enterprise scale expansion. This method can be widely used.
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22

Zamee and Won. "A Novel Plant Propagation-Based Cascaded Fractional Order PI Controller for Optimal Operation of Grid-Connected Single-Stage Three-Phase Solar Photovoltaic System." Applied Sciences 9, no. 20 (October 11, 2019): 4269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9204269.

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Grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) inverters are gaining attention all over the world. The optimal controller setting is key to the successful operation of a grid-connected PV system. In this paper, a novel plant propagation algorithm-based fractional order proportional-integrator (FOPI) controller for cascaded DC link voltage and inner current control of a grid-connected PV controller has been proposed, which outperforms particle swarm optimization-based PI and elephant herding optimization-based FOPI in terms of multicriteria-based analysis. The performance of the proposed controller also has been measured in terms of total harmonic distortion to maintain the appropriate power quality. Also, the proposed controllers were tested under various solar irradiance and voltage sag conditions to show the effectiveness and robustness of the controllers. The whole system is developed in OPAL-RT using MATLAB/Simulink and RT-LAB as a machine-in-loop (MIL) system to validate the performance in real time.
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23

Malik, Muchamad, and Aan Burhanuddin. "Desain Model Fuzzy Control UAV Berbasis Matlab/Simulink pada Arduino Flight Controller." Jurnal Engine: Energi, Manufaktur, dan Material 2, no. 2 (November 19, 2018): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30588/jeemm.v2i2.420.

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<p><em>Quadrocopter is an aerial vehicle platform that has become very popular among researchers from the past because it has advantages compared to conventional helicopters. The quadrocopter design is very simple and unique but seen from an unstable aerodynamic standpoint. From existing research, researchers have proposed many control system designs for quadrocopter. In this study, the author presents a fuzzy logic controller for quadrocopter. The method in this research is by designing hardware. After that the design for fuzzy controllers. Then the designed fuzzy controller is tested in the Hardware In Loop (HIL) setting. The experimental results and validation of the controller application functions are considered satisfactory and it is concluded that it is possible to stabilize quadrocopter with fuzzy logic controller.</em></p>
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24

BETTOU, KHALFA, and ABDELFATEH CHAREF. "Design of Decentralized Fractional Order PIʎ Controller for Pilot Plant Binary Didtillation Column." Algerian Journal of Signals and Systems 5, no. 1 (March 15, 2020): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.51485/ajss.v5i1.93.

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This paper presents the application of fractional order operators to improve the control quality of multivariable systems. The basic ideas of this tuning method are based, in the first place, on the existed tuning methods for setting the parameters of the decentralized fractional order PIʎ controller for ʎ=1, which means setting the parameters of the classical decentralized PI controller, and the minimum integral criterion by using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm for setting the fractional integration action order ʎ. The integral criterion is formulated to improve the dynamic response of the system, while causing a good decoupling between control loops. The Distillation Column, which is a multivariable system with two inputs and two outputs (TITO), in a decentralized control structure, is analyzed. Simulation results are presented to show the control quality improvement of this proposed decentralized fractional order PIʎ controller tuning method compared to the decentralized PI controller tuned using any existed tuning method.
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Prabowo, Dwi Agus, and Istiyo Winarno. "Thyristor Controlled Series Capasitor Berbasis Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Controller Sebagai Percepatan Peredaman Osilasi Daya Pada Sistem Tenaga." JEEE-U (Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering-UMSIDA) 2, no. 1 (April 26, 2018): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/jeee-u.v2i1.1514.

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The current population growth is very fast, so also the number of settlements more evenly, with this demand fulfillment demand for electricity is increasingly widespread and more, therebr making electric power generation service providers continue to strive to provide uniform and stable electrical energy. On the other hand there is an impact due to the many loads on the network electricity that can not be estimated its use, rise and fall of the load, therefore the power system stability must be maintained, this makes the stability of the power system the main concern in a operating. Without good dampening the disturbance will be isolated in the system and out of the stability area, so it can lead to worse effects such as total blackout. Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) is a device that can be used to regulate power inmadance of power system. TCSC has three main components such as inductor, capacitor, and thyristor. The way TCSC works is by setting the angle of ignition, here the adaptive fuzzy controller is used as the best alpha-viewer the system needs. From the comparison simulation, the difference of fuzzy controller with adaptive fuzzy with fuzzy controller can reduce oscillation at 0.68 second average time and with fuzzy oscillation adaptive controller that can be muffled at 0.56 seconds, with this adaptive fuzzy controller capable damping oscillations 0.12 seconds faster in comparison with fuzzy controllers. So with this oscillation damping can reduce the impact of isolated disturbances in the system.
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Kucherov, Dmitro P., Volodimir N. Dikhtyarenko, and Andrei M. Kozub. "An Algorithm of Setting the Weights of a Neural Network Controller." Journal of Automation and Control Engineering 3, no. 6 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.12720/joace.4.1.1-7.

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KAWAI, Tsuyoshi, Atsushi OCAWA, Yoshio OZAWA, Masato OSUMI, Ryoichi SEKIYA, and Takehiro MORI. "Fuzzy Refrigerant Flow Controller for Package Airconditioners Adaptable to Setting Environments." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 64, no. 627 (1998): 4284–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.64.4284.

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Seto, Kazuto, and Katsuhiko Ezure. "Experimental Study on Arrangements of Setting Points of an Actuator and Sensor for the Vibration Control of Flexible Structures." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 6, no. 4 (August 20, 1994): 292–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1994.p0292.

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This paper proposes an experimental study on the arrangements between the setting points of an actuator and sensor for the vibration control of a flexible structure, when a vibration controller is mounted at an arbitrary position on the structure. The important vibration mode of the structure to be controlled is its first mode, because it is excited most sensitively by strong winds. It is therefore necessary to make a reduced-order model represented by a one-degree-of-freedom system at an arbitrary location, in consideration of preventing spillover instability. In this paper, non-observability is used for making the reduced-order model, and the LQ control theory is used for controller design. For controlling vibration, a reduced-order model is constructed at the setting point of a hybrid dynamic absorber, and a displacement sensor is set at the vibration node of the second vibration mode. Then, the setting point of the sensor is changed to compare control effects by means of this model. It is demonstrated experimentally that a hybrid dynamic absorber, designed by this method, is capable of controlling vibration well without causing spillover instability. In addition, it is considered that the setting point of the sensor influences the robustness of the control system.
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Kulikov, V. V., A. P. Kutsyi, and N. N. Kutsyi. "The Gradient-Based Algorithm for Parametric Optimization of a Variable Structure PI Controller with Dead Band." Mekhatronika, Avtomatizatsiya, Upravlenie 21, no. 9 (September 7, 2020): 530–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17587/mau.21.530-534.

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In the automatic system, the presence of an object with a delay that exceeds the value of the maximum time parameter of the controlled object reduces the operating quality of generic controllers (integral, proportionally-integral, proportionally-integral-differential). The occurrence of this kind of delay in the system requires addressing a particular class of regulators that compensate for the negative effects of the delay. This paper examines the PI controller known for its advantages with variable or switchable parameters, which belongs to the class of controllers with variable structure (henceforward — VSC) that do not use sliding mode. Due to the fact that the controller used contains switchable parameters and the object with delay is considered, it is extremely difficult to use analytical approaches to parametric optimization of the system. This lays one under a necessity to use algorithmic methods. This work employs a gradient-based algorithm in which the components of the gradient are calculated using sensitivity functions with their known advantages. The generated Automatic Parametric Optimization (APO) Algorithm calculated the optimal VSC parameters for a given object, based on the minimum of the integrated quadratic criterion. The reliability of the found vector of the controller setting, formed by the APO algorithm, is confirmed by the computational methodology. With accuracy sufficient for practice, the APO algorithm solved the problem of parametric optimization. The positive experience of optimizing the PI controllers with variable parameters allows one to apply it to other VSC, which do not use a sliding mode, and thus further expand the practice of using a gradient-based algorithm based on sensitivity functions for such a class of VSC under various laws of switching structures of the controller.
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Wang, Yu Kui, Zhen Long Wang, Bo Yan Song, and Fu Qiang Hu. "Practical Design for Energy-Saving EDM Supply System." Key Engineering Materials 447-448 (September 2010): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.447-448.247.

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In this paper a kind of architecture for an energy-saving EDM supply composed of three serial stages in the topology and its practical design are discussed. Various special controllers and its assisted circuits are introduced in the each of the three serial stages. The PFC controller UC3854 placed on the front stage provides satisfactory input power factor of the system. The PWM controller UC3875 mounted on the middle stage realize the closed control of the current of the inductance limiting machining current. An embedded controller PIC16F877 on the final stage is chosen to setting such machining variables as peak current, discharge duration and pulse interval. The communication with host PC is also realized by the same embedded controller. The architecture based on model of multi-controller parallel working guarantees capacity of the system real-time process. The prototype of the energy-saving EDM pulse supply using MOSFET power device is developed. A lot of experiments have demonstrated the feasibility and stability of the practical design.
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Gough, John E. "A Quantum Kalman Filter-Based PID Controller." Open Systems & Information Dynamics 27, no. 03 (September 2020): 2050014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1230161220500146.

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We give a concrete description of a controlled quantum stochastic dynamical model corresponding to a quantum system (a cavity mode) undergoing continual quadrature measurements, with a PID controller acting on the filtered estimate for the mode operator. The control has three feedback paths: P (proportional), I (integral) and D (derivative) of the error signal. Central use is made of the input and output pictures when constructing the model: these unitarily equivalent pictures are presented in the paper, and used to transfer concepts relating to the controlled internal dynamics to those relating to measurement output, and vice versa. The approach shows the general principle for investigating mathematically and physically consistent models in which standard control theoretic methods are to be extended to the quantum setting.
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EVSIKOV, A. A., V. A. KOKOVIN, and A. P. LEONOV. "ON PECULIARITIES OF THE STRUCTURE AND TUNING OF DOMESTIC SERVO DRIVES WITH VECTOR CONTROL." Fundamental and Applied Problems of Engineering and Technology 3 (2020): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7408-2020-341-3-122-130.

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Vector–controlled AC servo drives, providing previously unattainable performance indicators for controlling various objects, are a basic part of modern precision automated equipment. They are complex technical devices, the further improvement of which goes in the direction of increasing their intelligence and universatility. The article analyzes the structural peculiarities and settings of domestic servo drives with vector control of the types of SPS and SPSh, ensuring the effective use of their wide functional capabilities. The rules and procedure for setting the digital PID controller in the subordinate regulation system using the hardware and software of the servo drives are determinated. This ensures the optimisation of the process of controlling the movement of actuators.
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Aryanata, Gusti Made Ngurah Christy, I. Nengah Suweden, and I. Made Mataram. "STUDI ANALISIS GOVERNOR SEBAGAI LOAD FREQUENCY CONTROL PADA PLTG MENGGUNAKAN FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER." Majalah Ilmiah Teknologi Elektro 17, no. 1 (May 15, 2018): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/mite.2018.v17i01.p15.

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A good electrical power system is a system that can serve the load in a sustainable and stable voltage and frequency. Changes in frequency occur due to the demand of loads that change from time to time. The frequency setting of the PLTG power system depends on the active power charge in the system. This active power setting is done by adjusting the magnitude of the generator drive coupling. The frequency setting is done by increasing and decreasing the amount of primary energy (fuel) and carried on the governor. Simulation in governor analysis study as load frequency control at PLTG using fuzzy logic controller is done by giving four types of cultivation that is 0,1 pu, 0,2pu, 0,3 pu and 0,4 pu. The simulation is done to compare the dynamic frequency response output and the resulting stability time using fuzzy logic controller with PI controller. Based on the results of comparative analysis conducted to prove that governor as load frequency control using fuzzy logic control is better than using PI controller. This can be seen from the output response frequency and time stability.
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Chen, Zhi, Daobo Wang, and Ziyang Zhen. "Modelling and hovering control for a coaxial unmanned helicopter using sliding mode." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 90, no. 5 (July 2, 2018): 815–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-05-2016-0075.

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Purpose To facilitate the nonlinear controller design, dynamic model of a novel coaxial unmanned helicopter (UH) is established and its coupling analysis is presented. Design/methodology/approach The chattering-free sliding mode controller (SMC) with unidirectional auxiliary surfaces (UASs) is designed and implemented for the coaxial ducted fan UH. Findings The coupling analysis based on the established model show severe coupling between channels. For coaxial UH’s special model structure, UAS-SMC controller is proposed to reduce the coupling characteristics between channels of the UH by setting controllers’ output calculation sequence. Originality/value The flight control law and control logic are successfully tested in numerical simulation and hardware in the loop (HIL) simulation. The results show best hovering performances without chattering problem, even under the bounded internal dynamics and external disturbances.
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Febri Indiani, Dyah Titisari, and Lamidi. "Waterbath Design equipped With Temperature Distribution Monitor." Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics 1, no. 1 (July 22, 2019): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35882/jeeemi.v1i1.3.

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Waterbath is a device used to create a constant temperature. This tool is used to incubates in microbiology analysis. Temperature is maintained according to the desired range. The heating element is controlled by the heater driver. This module is created by using Arduino Atmega 328 as a minimum system and time controller, Using a PID controller as temperature control, and using a DS18B20 sensor as a temperature sensor. The design of this study uses pre-experimental methods after only design research. The measurement results are done by comparing the module with a standard measurement instrument that produces the biggest % error in setting temperature of 37 ˚C which is equal to 1.21%, it is related to the boundary between water temperature and temperature setting too short which is affected by the DS18B20 temperature sensor reader that need time, to get a stable temperature reading. The minimum % error located at 60 ˚C, because to reach the temperature setting needs a long time so that DS18B20 the sensor reading is stable of setting temperature which is equal to 0.11%. The value % error of the timer is 3.4 % which the amount of the error is affected by the number of DS18B20 which is used and the delay from the microcontroller. Based on the results obtained this module can be used properly because still on the maximum limit error value less than 5%.
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He, Ai Xiang, Hai Ning Zhang, and Meng Ke Zhang. "A New Type of Proportion Cycle Temperature Control Algorithm." Applied Mechanics and Materials 411-414 (September 2013): 1851–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.411-414.1851.

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A new type of proportion cycle temperature control algorithm is proposed in this paper. Controller can automatically identify temperature constant related to the heater power, combined with the real time environmental temperature change, dynamically modify the heating and cooling time, controlled volatility in setting temperature range.When the mutant short time ambient temperature occurs, it can make rapid response, so as to achieve better control effect.
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Wu, Shan Shan, and Wei Huo. "Passivity-Based Tracking Control Design for Underactuated Mechanical Systems." Advanced Materials Research 591-593 (November 2012): 1225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.591-593.1225.

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Passivity-based tracking control of the underactuated linear mechanical systems is investigated in this paper. As our main contribution, the matching condition is decreased into two equations and an adjustable gain (damping gain) is introduced into the controller by setting the desired closed-loop system properly. Stability of the closed-loop system is proved based on passivity of the system. Furthermore, as examples, tracking control of 2-DOF Acrobot and 2-DOF Pendubot are studied. The systems are linearized at their equilibriums and the passivity-based controller design method is applied to the linearized systems. Matching conditions are solved and the design procedures of associate controllers for the two robots are provided. The simulation results show that the designed controllers can realize asymptotical tracking for the given desired trajectories.
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Muntashir, Abdillah Aziz, Era Purwanto, Bambang Sumantri, Hanif Hasyier FAkhruddin, and Raden Akbar Nur Apriyanto. "Static and Dynamic Performance of Vector Control on Induction Motor with PID Controller: An Investigation on LabVIEW." Automotive Experiences 4, no. 2 (May 24, 2021): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/ae.4812.

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A three-phase induction motor is often used in everyday life because of its high reliability. However, it is associated with some disadvantages, including difficulties in maintaining constant speed during load changes and speed regulation due to the decoupled system. Therefore, this study aims to adjust the three-phase induction motor control to become a separate amplifier DC motor by setting the vector control using the IFOC method, which changes the coupled to the decoupled system. The speed settings are equipped with a PID controller where its parameters, which are obtained using Ziegler Nichols, produce speed output with fast research time and small steady-state errors. This research was conducted to observe and analyze the performance of a controller based on the IFOC approach with a PID controller at speed differences, with static and dynamic conditions in the entire speed working area. In the first stage of the research, simulation is carried out with static conditions, namely changes in speed variations throughout the work area (low speed to high speed), the next stage is a simulation with dynamic conditions, which is to provide changes in the value of the load torque when the system is operating. The simulation result carried out with LabVIEW shows a response time of 1.13 ms, a settling time of 9.9 ms, and a steady error of 0.4% at the 500 Rpm set point. It also indicated dynamic characteristics with a recovery time of 4.9 ms at the 300 Rpm set point. When operated at low speed, IFOC with PID controller has a stable response. But In dynamic conditions, the use of a PID controller is considered unsuitable. This is because the PID controller is less fast and less robust in responding to the system when conditions change in the value of the load torque.
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39

Kwon, H. D., and M. Burdekin. "Adjustment of CNC machine tool controller setting values by an experimental method." International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture 38, no. 9 (September 1998): 1045–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0890-6955(97)00058-8.

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40

Bobikov, A. I., and A. V. Shabirina. "SETTING WEIGHT MATRIX OF SDRE CONTROLLER WITH BIOI N SPIRED OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHMS." Vestnik of Ryazan State Radio Engineering University 55, no. 1 (2016): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21667/1995-4565-2016-55-1-131-139.

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KAWAI, Tsuyoshi, Atsushi OGAWA, Yoshio OZAWA, Masato OSUMI, Ryouichi SEKIYA, and Takehiro MORI. "Fuzzy Refrigerant Flow Controller for Package Air conditioners Adaptable to Setting Environments." JSME International Journal Series C 42, no. 4 (1999): 898–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmec.42.898.

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42

Glandevadhas. "Optimum Setting of Controller Using Soft Computing Techniques for a Chemical System." American Journal of Applied Sciences 8, no. 11 (November 1, 2011): 1140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2011.1140.1148.

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43

Setiawan, Anas, Panca Mudjirahardjo, and Wijono . "Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) Optimization Based on PID Using the Hybrid Grey Wolf Optimization - Genetic Algorithm (HGWGA) Method." International Journal of Computer Applications Technology and Research 10, no. 6 (June 2021): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7753/ijcatr1006.1002.

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In the generator set (genset), the voltage stability system is affected by the excitation system controlled by control circuit called AVR (Automatic Voltage Regulator). One of the important components in the AVR system is the algorithm of the controller. The application of the PID control method has been widely used in the design of AVR controllers. This study applies the GWO-GA (Grey Wolf Optimization - Genetic Algorithm) hybrid method on PID parameters setting. The best transient automatic voltage regulator (AVR) response results were obtained when using the hybrid genetic algorithm - grey wolf optimization (HGAGW) method with a fitness score of 4.3039, the Grey wolf optimization (GWO) method with a fitness score of 4.5059, and the genetic algorithm (GA) method with a fitness score of 6.0214.
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Wang, Qiang, Guang Tong, and Xin Xing. "Wheeled Mobile Robot Tracking Control without Velocity Measurement." Applied Mechanics and Materials 373-375 (August 2013): 231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.373-375.231.

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In this paper, a new robust trajectory tracking control scheme for wheeled mobile robots without velocity measurement is proposed. In the proposed controller, the velocity observer is used to estimate the velocity of wheeled mobile robot. The dynamics of wheeled mobile robot is considered to develop the controller. The proposed controller has the following features: i) The proposed controller has good robustness performance; ii) It is easy to improve tracking performance by setting only one design parameters.
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Vargas Gil, Gloria, Lucas Lima Rodrigues, Roberto Inomoto, Alfeu Sguarezi, and Renato Machado Monaro. "Weighted-PSO Applied to Tune Sliding Mode Plus PI Controller Applied to a Boost Converter in a PV System." Energies 12, no. 5 (March 5, 2019): 864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12050864.

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In this paper, a sliding mode plus proportional-integral (PI) controller for a boost converter in a photovoltaic system is proposed. The proposed controller is characterized by being easy to implement and by operating with constant switching frequency. The parameters of the proposed controller are calculated using the weighted particle swarm optimization technique, ensuring low percentage of overshoot and short setting time. The use of this optimization technique allows one to ensure the stability of the controller. A linear lead-leg controller is considered in order to compare the performance of the proposed controller. Finally, experimental results using a solar kit are presented to verify the performance of the proposed controller.
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Huba, Mikulas, Stefan Chamraz, Pavol Bistak, and Damir Vrancic. "Making the PI and PID Controller Tuning Inspired by Ziegler and Nichols Precise and Reliable." Sensors 21, no. 18 (September 14, 2021): 6157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21186157.

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This paper deals with the design of a DC motor speed control implemented by an embedded controller. The design is simple and brings some important changes to the traditional Ziegler–Nichols tuning. The design also includes a novel anti-windup implementation of the controller and an integrated noise-reduction filter design. The proposed tuning method considers all important aspects of the control, such as pre-processing of the measured signals and filtering (to attenuate the measurement noise), time delays of the process, modeling and identification of the process, and constraints on the control signal. Three important aspects of designing PI and PID controllers for processes with noisy output on Arduino-type embedded computers are considered. First, it deals with the integrated design of the input filter and the controller parameters, since both are interdependent. Secondly, the method of setting the controllers from step responses by Ziegler and Nichols is modified for the case of digital signal processing (without drawing the tangent), while it recommends the suitability of its modification in terms of the use of both integral and static models. Third, the most suitable anti-windup solution for the given controller structure is proposed. In summary, the paper shows that an appropriate design of the embedded controller can achieve excellent closed-loop performance even in a noisy process environment with limited control signals.
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Xu, Xing, Zhong Xin Li, Shao Jun Qin, and Chao Feng Pan. "Ride Height Control of Trucks with Electrically Controlled Air Suspension Based on PID/PWM Algorithm." Applied Mechanics and Materials 39 (November 2010): 498–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.39.498.

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The truck with Electrically Controlled Air Suspension(ECAS) could reduce the loss of goods by setting running height when transporting, and to enhance the loading &unloading efficiency, a height modulating model was built by combining the theories of thermodynamics of variable-mass charging-discharging system and the vehicle kinetics. To solve such problems as “over-charging”, “over-discharging” and surging, a height control strategy of variable integral PID/PWM was proposed and its controller was developed base on the Freescale single chip. Finally the semi-physical rig was built for simulating the truck with the height controller, and the testing results show that the designed control system satisfies the requirement of height modulation.
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Pongam, T., J. Srisertpol, and V. Khompis. "PI Controller Design for Temperature Control of Reheating Furnace Walking Hearth Type in Setting up Process." Advanced Materials Research 748 (August 2013): 801–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.748.801.

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The slab reheating process for iron rolling to the small diameter wire in Ratchasima Steel Productions Co., Ltd. factory (Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand) use the Reheating Furnace Walking Hearth Type (RFWHT). The Reheating Furnace was installed in 1964. The problems in the present are increasing performance of temperature control and reducing production cost. The factors affecting the price of wire rod are electrical power and fuel consumption. Because of this reason, the system requires an optimal PI controller for control the temperature inside each zone of the furnace and the steel production manufacture select the time from 10:00 PM to 8:00 AM for steel production because it has low cost. In addition, the process will stop during the day time. This paper presents the mathematical model for temperature control of RFWHT in setting up process using system identification with Genetic Algorithm. The setting up process consist RFWHT, fuel flow control through servo valve and PI controller. The result of the research demonstrates to create structure of the mathematical model of this process and PI controller design for the temperature control. Furthermore, the temperature responses show that the PI controller can reduce fuel consumption rate of the system.
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Ramírez, Adrián, Rifat Sipahi, Sabine Mondié, and Rubén Garrido. "Fast consensus in a large-scale multi-agent system with directed graphs using time-delayed measurements." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 377, no. 2153 (July 22, 2019): 20180130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0130.

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This article is on fast-consensus reaching in a class of multi-agent systems (MAS). We present an analytical approach to tune controllers for the agents based on the premise that delayed measurements in the controller can be preferable to standard controllers relying only on current measurements. Controller tuning in this setting is however challenging due to the presence of delays. To tackle this problem, we propose an analytic geometry approach. The key contribution is that the tuning can be implemented for complex eigenvalues of the arising graph Laplacian of the network, complementing the current state of the art, which is limited to real eigenvalues. Results, therefore, extend our knowledge beyond symmetric graphs and enable the study of the MAS under directed graphs. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Nonlinear dynamics of delay systems’.
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Koenigsfeld, Carrie Foust, Kristin K. Horning, Craig D. Logemann, and Ginelle A. Schmidt. "Medication Therapy Management in the Primary Care Setting." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 25, no. 1 (September 20, 2011): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190011416671.

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Objectives: To evaluate the effect of medication therapy management on chronic disease management and generic drug prescribing in the clinic setting. Methods: Private insurer initiates Pay-for-Performance (PFP) project for clinic-based pharmacists in Iowa and South Dakota (n = 9 clinics) in 2009. Each pharmacist was assigned ∽300 patients with at least 1 of 4 disease states (diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and asthma). Pharmacists were expected to complete 2 medication reviews for each patient. The primary outcome was frequency of patients achieving goal levels: diabetes: hemoglobin A1c (A1c) <8%, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) <130 mg/dL, and blood pressure (BP) <140/80 mm Hg; hypertension: BP <140/90 mm Hg; hyperlipidemia: LDL <130 mg/dL; and asthma: percentage of persistent asthmatics on controller medication. Generic prescribing rates were evaluated for antihypertensives, cholesterol-lowering agents, proton pump inhibitors, and antidepressants. Results: A total of 827 patients at 3 clinics were included in the analysis. For diabetes, 77.1% had A1c <8%, 83.2% had LDL <130 mg/dL, and 76.3% had BP <140/80 mm Hg. For hypertension, 86.2% had BP <140/90 mm Hg. For hyperlipidemia, 80.6% had LDL <130 mg/dL. For asthma, 100% were on controller medication. One medication review was completed on 88.8% of patients. Generic prescribing rates ranged from 65.8% to 79.4%. Implications/Adaptability: A high percentage of patients achieved goal levels at clinics with clinical pharmacist services. A multidisciplinary approach to patient care may improve disease state management and medication cost savings.
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