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Journal articles on the topic 'Convenience sample'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Murray, Gregg R., Cynthia R. Rugeley, Dona-Gene Mitchell, and Jeffery J. Mondak. "Convenient yet not a convenience sample: Jury pools as experimental subject pools." Social Science Research 42, no. 1 (January 2013): 246–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2012.06.002.

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2

Alessi, Mark G., and Craig A. Miller. "Comparing a Convenience Sample Against a Random Sample of Duck Hunters." Human Dimensions of Wildlife 17, no. 2 (March 2012): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10871209.2012.618941.

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3

Raeburn, Susan D., John Hipple, William Delaney, and Kris Chesky. "Surveying Popular Musicians’ Health Status Using Convenience Samples." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 18, no. 3 (September 1, 2003): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2003.3020.

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This article describes findings from two separate convenience samples of popular musicians’ health status, access to and use of health care, health habits, and related attitudes surveyed in 1996-1997. Sample 1 consisted of 111 musicians attending one of three regional music conferences (in Portland, OR, Austin, TX, or San Francisco, CA). The findings from sample 1 consist of demographics and music career-related information; current medical problems; nonmusculoskeletal (N-MS) and musculoskeletal (MS) problems that affected performance in the previous year; access to and use of health care; health habits related to alcohol, drug use, and smoking, use of hearing protection; and several health-related attitudes. Sample 2 consisted of 115 musicians surveyed in 1996 by mail from a random sample of a musicians’ union list, by face-to-face interview during music club jobs in Dallas, Texas, or at a music conference in New Orleans, Louisiana. The findings from sample 2 are generally limited to N-MS and MS problems that affected performance in the previous year, health habits, and some health-related attitudes. Basic findings for sample 1 were as follows: 26% cited a current medical problem, 49% had at least one N-MS problem, 74% had at least one MS problem, and 42% reported hearing loss. In sample 2, 37% of the musicians reported hearing loss. Overall percentages for N-MS and MS problems for sample 2 were not available, but percentages for specific problems are delineated. Depression and anxiety were among the most frequently cited N-MS problems for both samples. Pain and stiffness were the most frequently reported MS problems for both samples. Ten percent of sample 1 musicians and 16% of sample 2 musicians indicated that alcohol or drug use had hurt their performance in the previous year. More than half of the musicians in sample 1 and sample 2 had health insurance, but most obtained it through non-music-related jobs or family coverage. Although the generalizability of the findings is limited significantly by the nonrandom nature of the samples and generally low response rates, this study nonetheless contributes provisional information on popular musicians’ health status. The findings are compared with other musician samples where possible, including some previously unpublished health findings from the University of North Texas Musicians’ Health Survey on the Internet. Specific concerns and strategies for future research on popular musicians’ health status are suggested.

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Thatcher, W. Gregory, and J. Wanzer Drane. "On Treating A Survey Of Convenience Sample As A Simple Random Sample." Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods 2, no. 2 (November 1, 2003): 478–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22237/jmasm/1067646060.

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Mullinix, Kevin J., Thomas J. Leeper, James N. Druckman, and Jeremy Freese. "The Generalizability of Survey Experiments." Journal of Experimental Political Science 2, no. 2 (2015): 109–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/xps.2015.19.

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AbstractSurvey experiments have become a central methodology across the social sciences. Researchers can combine experiments’ causal power with the generalizability of population-based samples. Yet, due to the expense of population-based samples, much research relies on convenience samples (e.g. students, online opt-in samples). The emergence of affordable, but non-representative online samples has reinvigorated debates about the external validity of experiments. We conduct two studies of how experimental treatment effects obtained from convenience samples compare to effects produced by population samples. In Study 1, we compare effect estimates from four different types of convenience samples and a population-based sample. In Study 2, we analyze treatment effects obtained from 20 experiments implemented on a population-based sample and Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk). The results reveal considerable similarity between many treatment effects obtained from convenience and nationally representative population-based samples. While the results thus bolster confidence in the utility of convenience samples, we conclude with guidance for the use of a multitude of samples for advancing scientific knowledge.

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Hultsch, David F., Stuart W. S. MacDonald, Michael A. Hunter, Scott B. Maitland, and Roger A. Dixon. "Sampling and generalisability in developmental research: Comparison of random and convenience samples of older adults." International Journal of Behavioral Development 26, no. 4 (July 2002): 345–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650250143000247.

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Research in the developmental sciences is based largely on samples of convenience rather than samples drawn at random from the population. The important question of whether results observed in samples of convenience generalise to the larger population has not been studied directly. Because of demographic growth in the proportion of older adults in the population and increases in diversity across the lifespan, it is especially important to address this issue in aging adults. We compared the performance of older adults (65–100 years) on demographic and psychological measures for a random sample of community dwelling adults and two samples of convenience. Significant differences were observed on less than half the variables. When differences were present, participants in the convenience samples were advantaged compared to participants from the random sample. Differences were larger in some domains than others but remained small to moderate in magnitude. There were minimal differences in between-person variability and patterns of correlations among variables between the convenience and random samples. Results indicate the need for additional studies contrasting random and convenience samples to explore the parameters of external validity in psychological aging research.

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7

Pernice, Regina E., Reidar Ommundsen, Kees Van Der Veer, and Knud Larsen. "On use of Student Samples for Scale Construction." Psychological Reports 102, no. 2 (April 2008): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.102.2.459-464.

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This research note responds to the question of whether a convenience sample of undergraduate students may be successfully utilized in concept development and in scale construction, and in what way the results are comparable to the findings of a representative national sample. The results of a Mokken analysis in both samples support the hypothesis that convenience samples have utility in concept development and in developing measures that can also be used in representative samples.

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8

Zhao, Mingyan, Guanqun Chen, Taoran Li, Can Sheng, Yuxia Li, and Ying Han. "The Impact of Study Setting on Clinical Characteristics in Older Chinese Adults with Subjective Cognitive Decline: Baseline Investigation of Convenience and Population-Based Samples." BioMed Research International 2021 (June 4, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5538323.

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Background. Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is the earliest symptom stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Previous studies have shown that the study setting is an important influence factor of SCD. However, the effect of this factor among a Chinese population with SCD is not clear. Here, we aim to compare the clinical characteristics of SCD between a convenience and a population-based sample in China. Methods. We included a convenience sample of 212 SCD subjects and a population-based sample of 110 SCD subjects. We performed univariate analysis to evaluate the between-group differences in sociodemographic characteristics, neuropsychological performance, psychiatric conditions, different cognitive domains, and the SCD-plus criteria. Multiple linear regression model was established, adjusted for sex, age, and education, and compared the neuropsychological performance between the groups. Results. The convenience sample had more years of education, a higher family history of dementia, and higher neuropsychological and anxiety depression score than the population-based sample. Using sex, age, education, group as the independent variables, and neuropsychological score as the dependent variable, multiple linear regression model was established; a statistically significant neuropsychological score difference (MoCA-B, AVLT-H-N4, AVLT-H-N5, AVLT-H-N7, AFT, and STT-B) was found between the two samples. In the SCD cognitive domains, the population-based sample had more complaints about declines in their language and planning domains. For SCD-plus criteria in memory domain, the convenience sample had more complaints, worry, and cognitive decline within the last 5 years, along with medical help-seeking. Conclusion. There were some different characteristics among SCD individuals between convenience samples and population-based samples in China.

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9

LeCroy, Craig Winston, and Skyler Milligan-LeCroy. "Public perceptions of child maltreatment: A national convenience sample." Children and Youth Services Review 119 (December 2020): 105677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105677.

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10

S, Dr Devarajappa. "Empirical Study On Challenges Of Dalit Households Towards Their Economic Development." Think India 22, no. 2 (June 20, 2019): 166–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/think-india.v22i2.8413.

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The main aim of the present study is to examine the problems among dalit families. In this study convenience sampling designs are selected. Convenience sampling is obtained by selecting convenient population being investigated which is selected neither by probability nor by judgment but by convenience. In the present study a sample size of 120 Dalit families. For this purpose statistical tools like, mean, percentage, correlation coefficient have been used. It is observed in the study that, seventy years after independence, dalits are suffering from landlessness, unemployment, Nutrition, lack of communication, therefore, in this regard governments and other welfare corporations has to make serious efforts for upliftment of dalits economically

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S, Dr Devarajappa. "Empirical Study On Challenges Of Dalit Households Towards Their Economic Development." Think India 22, no. 3 (September 27, 2019): 853–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/think-india.v22i3.8405.

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The main aim of the present study is to examine the problems among dalit families. In this study convenience sampling designs are selected. Convenience sampling is obtained by selecting convenient population being investigated which is selected neither by probability nor by judgment but by convenience. In the present study a sample size of 120 Dalit families. For this purpose statistical tools like, mean, percentage, correlation coefficient have been used. It is observed in the study that, seventy years after independence, dalits are suffering from landlessness, unemployment, Nutrition, lack of communication, therefore, in this regard governments and other welfare corporations has to make serious efforts for upliftment of dalits economically

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12

S, Dr Devarajappa. "Empirical Study On Challenges Of Dalit Households Towards Their Economic Development." Think India 22, no. 3 (September 20, 2019): 166–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/think-india.v22i3.8412.

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The main aim of the present study is to examine the problems among dalit families. In this study convenience sampling designs are selected. Convenience sampling is obtained by selecting convenient population being investigated which is selected neither by probability nor by judgment but by convenience. In the present study a sample size of 120 Dalit families. For this purpose statistical tools like, mean, percentage, correlation coefficient have been used. It is observed in the study that, seventy years after independence, dalits are suffering from landlessness, unemployment, Nutrition, lack of communication, therefore, in this regard governments and other welfare corporations has to make serious efforts for upliftment of dalits economically

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13

Coppock, Alexander, Thomas J. Leeper, and Kevin J. Mullinix. "Generalizability of heterogeneous treatment effect estimates across samples." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 49 (November 16, 2018): 12441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1808083115.

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The extent to which survey experiments conducted with nonrepresentative convenience samples are generalizable to target populations depends critically on the degree of treatment effect heterogeneity. Recent inquiries have found a strong correspondence between sample average treatment effects estimated in nationally representative experiments and in replication studies conducted with convenience samples. We consider here two possible explanations: low levels of effect heterogeneity or high levels of effect heterogeneity that are unrelated to selection into the convenience sample. We analyze subgroup conditional average treatment effects using 27 original–replication study pairs (encompassing 101,745 individual survey responses) to assess the extent to which subgroup effect estimates generalize. While there are exceptions, the overwhelming pattern that emerges is one of treatment effect homogeneity, providing a partial explanation for strong correspondence across both unconditional and conditional average treatment effect estimates.

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14

Burri, Andrea, and Peter Hilpert. "Postcoital Symptoms in a Convenience Sample of Men and Women." Journal of Sexual Medicine 17, no. 3 (March 2020): 556–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.12.009.

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15

Sawyer, Aenor, Sara Moore, Krista T. Fielding, David A. Nix, Jenny Kiratli, and Laura K. Bachrach. "Calcaneus Ultrasound Measurements in a Convenience Sample of Healthy Youth." Journal of Clinical Densitometry 4, no. 2 (June 2001): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/jcd:4:2:111.

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Sousa, Valmi D., Jaclene A. Zauszniewski, and Carol M. Musil. "How to determine whether a convenience sample represents the population." Applied Nursing Research 17, no. 2 (May 2004): 130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2004.03.003.

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17

Zhang, Hua Yong, Xiao Jian Liu, Hai Yan Sun, and Chun Sheng Fan. "A Sample Holder for X-Ray Powder Diffraction Studies of Flakiness and Block Sample." Key Engineering Materials 544 (March 2013): 433–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.544.433.

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Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) is one of the primary techniques used to characterize solid state materials. But there is not a sample holder which can be fit into the sample carrier of the Bruker D8-Advance x-ray powder diffractometer for flakiness and block samples test. In this article, we will design, manufacture and evaluate a sample holder for flakiness and block samples. Materials of the holder are steel, glass and plasticine etc. The holder is low cost, easy to be processed, convenience to prepare the samples, and accurately obtain the best analytical results.

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18

Onderwater, Mark, Geneviève Boisjoly, and Ahmed El-Geneidy. "Influence of Travel Behavior, Personal Preferences, and Lifestyle on Perceived Convenience to Amenities among Calgary Residents." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 8 (April 28, 2019): 508–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119844967.

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The presence of essential amenities, such as grocery stores, parks, and employment, within convenient distances impacts individuals’ travel behavior and quality of life. Whereas what is perceived as a convenient distance varies among individuals, the goal of this research is to better understand perceived convenience in the context of differing lifestyles, sociodemographic characteristics, and personal preferences. Using an online travel behavior survey with a sample of 711 residents from Calgary, Canada, we segmented individuals into eight distinct groups based on travel behavior and personal characteristics. We then examined their perceived convenience to reach various amenities among each group, and the actual distances to these amenities. Our results reveal eight distinct typologies that differ according to mode choice, lifestyle, neighborhood characteristics, and trip satisfaction. We observe that distance negatively affects reported convenience to work, grocery stores, and parks, but reported convenience is also closely related to modes available as well as to transport and home location options that meet individuals’ preferences. Typologies in which individuals are able to select their preferred transport options or home location typically report a higher convenience of access to various destinations, and this is especially true for typologies with high cycling, walking, and public transport mode shares. This study demonstrates the importance of providing individuals with a variety of affordable options in relation to transport mode and home locations, which can be of interest to researchers and planners concerned with improving convenience of access to local amenities by sustainable modes.

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19

Sahai, Prachi, Megha Sharma, and Vinod K. Singh. "Effect of Perceived Quality, Convenience, and Product Variety on Customer Satisfaction in Teleshopping." Management and Economics Research Journal 6, no. 3 (August 21, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18639/merj.2020.9900021.

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The aim of this study was to find out the factors affecting customer satisfaction in teleshopping. Researchers hypothesize that perceived value, convenience, and product variety have positive effect on customer satisfaction in teleshopping. The survey was done using convenient sampling from the region of Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India. Sample consisted of 150 respondents of Noida. The data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Results suggested that convenience is the only factor that significantly affects the customer satisfaction in teleshopping. The research suggests that product variety available and perceived value show correlation but does not significantly affect customer satisfaction in teleshopping. The research was useful for TV channels like NAPTOL BAZAR as it proves that customers order products from them just because of the convenience they are getting in return. This study is one of the first, at least to the author’s knowledge, to empirically examine and confirm the effect of convenience, perceived value, and product variety on customer satisfaction in teleshopping.

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20

Vitriol, Joseph A., Erik Gahner Larsen, and Steven G. Ludeke. "The Generalizability of Personality Effects in Politics." European Journal of Personality 33, no. 6 (November 2019): 631–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2222.

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A burgeoning line of research examining the relation between personality traits and political variables relies extensively on convenience samples. However, our understanding of the extent to which using convenience samples challenges the generalizability of these findings to target populations remains limited. We address this question by testing whether associations between personality and political characteristics observed in representative samples diverged from those observed in the sub–populations most commonly studied in convenience samples, namely, students and Internet users. We leverage 10 high–quality representative datasets to compare the representative samples with the two subsamples. We did not find any systematic differences in the relationship between personality traits and a broad range of political variables. Instead, results from the subsamples generalized well to those observed in the broader and more diverse representative sample.

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21

Riggs, Damien W., Suzanne McLaren, and Alys Skye Mayes. "Attitudes Toward Parenting in a Lesbian and Gay Community Convenience Sample." Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health 13, no. 1 (January 20, 2009): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19359700802480659.

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22

Fernald, Anne. "Getting beyond the “convenience sample” in research on early cognitive development." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 33, no. 2-3 (June 2010): 91–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x10000294.

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AbstractResearch on the early development of fundamental cognitive and language capacities has focused almost exclusively on infants from middle-class families, excluding children living in poverty who may experience less cognitive stimulation in the first years of life. Ignoring such differences limits our ability to discover the potentially powerful contributions of environmental support to the ontogeny of cognitive and language abilities.

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SOUSA, V. "How to determine whether a convenience sample represents the population 1." Applied Nursing Research 17, no. 2 (May 2004): 130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0897-1897(04)00029-1.

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Yal¸inkaya, Alev, Aliye Mandιracιoğlu, and Feryal Turan. "Turkey: A Pilot Study of Elder Mistreatment in a Convenience Sample." Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect 18, no. 2-3 (July 9, 2006): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j084v18n02_07.

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25

Luschei, Edward C., Clarissa M. Hammond, Chris M. Boerboom, and Pete J. Nowak. "Convenience Sample of On-Farm Research Cooperators Representative of Wisconsin Farmers." Weed Technology 23, no. 2 (June 2009): 300–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-08-083.1.

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Researchers interested in describing or understanding agroecological systems have many reasons to consider on-farm research. Yet, despite the inherent realism and pedagogical value of on-farm studies, recruiting cooperators can be difficult and this difficulty can result in so-called “convenience samples” containing a potentially large and unknown bias. There is often no formal justification for claiming that on-farm research results can be extrapolated to farms beyond those participating in the study. In some sufficiently well-understood research areas, models may be able to correct for potential bias; however, no theoretical argument is as persuasive as a direct comparison between a randomized and a convenience sample. In a 30-cooperator on-farm study investigating weed community dynamics across the state of Wisconsin, we distributed a written survey probing farmer weed management behaviors and attitudes. The survey contained 59 questions that overlapped a large, randomized survey of farmer corn pest management behavior. We compared 187 respondents from the larger survey with the 18 respondents from our on-farm study. For dichotomous response questions, we found no difference in response rate for 80% of the questions (α = 0.2, β > 0.5). Differences between the two groups were logically connected to the selection criteria used to recruit cooperators in the on-farm study. Similarly, comparisons of nondichotomous response questions did not differ for 80% of the questions (α = 0.05, β > 0.9). Exploratory multivariate analyses failed to reveal differences that might have been hidden from the marginal analyses. We argue that our findings support the notion that the convenience samples often associated with on-farm research may be representative of the more general class of farms, despite lack of bias protection provided by truly randomized designs.

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Kam, Cindy D., Jennifer R. Wilking, and Elizabeth J. Zechmeister. "Beyond the “Narrow Data Base”: Another Convenience Sample for Experimental Research." Political Behavior 29, no. 4 (July 19, 2007): 415–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11109-007-9037-6.

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Tomei, Alexander, Anthony Bamert, and Anna-Maria Sani. "Misbeliefs About Gambling in a Convenience Sample from the General Population." Journal of Gambling Studies 33, no. 3 (December 31, 2016): 899–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10899-016-9665-z.

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28

Syifa Johan, Ivanna, Ratih Indriyani, and Zane Vincēviča-Gaile. "Measuring Repurchase Intention on Fashion Online Shopping." SHS Web of Conferences 76 (2020): 01015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20207601015.

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The internet has become one of many ways for consumers to shop. With the rapid development of internet connection, online shopping has become increasingly popular around the world. All forms of conveniences available through online businesses have lured consumers to switch from offline shopping to online slowly. This research emphasizes the influence of e-service convenience on customer satisfaction, perceived service value, and repurchase intention on fashion online shopping websites in Surabaya. The sample is taken from 115 Surabaya respondents. The sampling technique uses a non-random sampling technique. The analytical method used is the partial least square (PLS). The results show that e-service convenience has a significant impact on customer satisfaction, customer satisfaction has a significant impact on repurchase intention, e-service convenience has a significant impact on repurchase intention, and perceived value has a significant impact on repurchase intention. The results also show the importance of customer satisfaction which influences repurchase intention. Online fashion business owners must promote their websites so that more consumers know about the existence of online shopping fashion websites. Business owners must also increase the convenience and comfort of consumers in shopping online.

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29

Arndt, Theresa S. "Perceived Convenience, Compatibility, and Media Richness Contribute Significantly to Dedicated E-book Reader Acceptance." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 7, no. 2 (June 12, 2012): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8tp50.

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Objective – Investigates the effects of perceived convenience, compatibility and media richness on users’ attitudes toward dedicated e-book readers. Design – Convenience sample survey. Setting – Taiwanese university. Subjects – A total of 288 students at the senior secondary (5%), four-year university (78%), and graduate student (17%) levels. Male-female participation was approximately equal. Methods – Students completed a 23-item survey on dedicated e-book readers, with questions on perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, intention to use, convenience, compatibility, and media richness. Data was analyzed using the partial least squares statistical technique. Main Results – Users state an increased intention to use dedicated e-book readers if they perceive the technology to be compatible with what they desire in a “book,” if the device delivers rich media content, and if the device is convenient. Compatibility was found to significantly affect perceived ease of use, and was found to be the strongest influence on intent to use a dedicated e-book reader. Compatibility, media richness and convenience also increased the perceived usefulness of dedicated e-book readers. Conclusion – Users will prefer dedicated e-book readers that are compatible with their preferences in a “book,” that deliver media-rich content, and that they find convenient. The study has implications for the design and development of e-book reading devices.

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Coppock, Alexander, and Oliver A. McClellan. "Validating the demographic, political, psychological, and experimental results obtained from a new source of online survey respondents." Research & Politics 6, no. 1 (January 2019): 205316801882217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053168018822174.

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Researchers have increasingly turned to online convenience samples as sources of survey responses that are easy and inexpensive to collect. As reliance on these sources has grown, so too have concerns about the use of convenience samples in general and Amazon’s Mechanical Turk in particular. We distinguish between “external validity” and theoretical relevance, with the latter being the more important justification for any data collection strategy. We explore an alternative source of online convenience samples, the Lucid Fulcrum Exchange, and assess its suitability for online survey experimental research. Our point of departure is the 2012 study by Berinsky, Huber, and Lenz that compares Amazon’s Mechanical Turk to US national probability samples in terms of respondent characteristics and treatment effect estimates. We replicate these same analyses using a large sample of survey responses on the Lucid platform. Our results indicate that demographic and experimental findings on Lucid track well with US national benchmarks, with the exception of experimental treatments that aim to dispel the “death panel” rumor regarding the Affordable Care Act. We conclude that subjects recruited from the Lucid platform constitute a sample that is suitable for evaluating many social scientific theories, and can serve as a drop-in replacement for many scholars currently conducting research on Mechanical Turk or other similar platforms.

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Meyer, Denny H. "Testing for the significance of changes in television ratings." South African Journal of Business Management 21, no. 3 (September 30, 1990): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v21i3.916.

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South African television ratings are obtained from the AMPS meter panel. This panel must be viewed as a complex non random sample. For such samples the effective sample size differs from the actual sample size. It has been found that, when equal weights are assigned to strata, the most reliable estimate for effective sample size can be obtained by considering every household as a sample cluster. This estimate of effective sample size can be incorporated directly into a test for significant rating change. For convenience this test is implemented graphically.

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Elliott, Howell, McLeod, and Bennett. "Perceptions of Responsible Cat Ownership Behaviors among a Convenience Sample of Australians." Animals 9, no. 9 (September 19, 2019): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9090703.

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Responsible cat ownership is important for keeping pet cats and wildlife safe. Much research investigating levels of compliance with and attitudes towards responsible cat ownership practices has focused on cat owners. Non-owner attitudes are relevant because their opinions may encourage cat-owning friends and family to engage (or not) in a cat management practice. The aim of this study was to determine levels of compliance with responsible cat ownership practices among cat owners, as well as attitudes towards those behaviors by owners and non-owners alike. An online survey was completed by 6808 people living in Australia who were recruited via companion animal or wildlife interest groups on social media. Frequency data were used to measure owner compliance with responsible cat ownership behaviors and t-tests were used to determine whether owners and non-owners differed in their attitudes towards these behaviors. Owner compliance with responsible practices ranged from 46.5% (complete cat containment all day and night) to 76.9% (cat is de-sexed). Owner attitudes towards these practices were generally more positive than the reported levels of management practices implemented for their own cat. For example, 47.3% of owners agreed or strongly agreed that cats should always be contained and 88.6% agreed that cats should be contained at night. Non-owners were more likely than owners to agree that cats should be contained during the day, but there was no difference for containment at night. Owners were more likely to report that cats should be de-sexed. These results can be used to inform campaigns aimed at increasing compliance with responsible cat ownership behaviors.

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ARNOLD, M., and W. DEJONG. "Skin self-examination practices in a convenience sample of US university students." Preventive Medicine 40, no. 3 (March 2005): 268–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.05.031.

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Spijker, A. Van’t, C. M. Kreulen, E. M. Bronkhorst, and N. H. J. Creugers. "Occlusal wear and occlusal condition in a convenience sample of young adults." Journal of Dentistry 43, no. 1 (January 2015): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2014.11.001.

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35

Yang, Raymond K., Kimberly S. Burrola, and Carey H. Bryan. "Suicide Ideation among Participants in an After-School Program: A Convenience Sample." Child & Youth Services 31, no. 1-2 (February 9, 2010): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01459350903505546.

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Bailey, Jody. "Informal screencasting: results of a customer‐satisfaction survey with a convenience sample." New Library World 113, no. 1/2 (January 6, 2012): 7–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03074801211199013.

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Rowland, David L., Laurel B. Oosterhouse, Julia A. Kneusel, and Krisztina Hevesi. "Comorbidities Among Sexual Problems in Men: Results From an Internet Convenience Sample." Sexual Medicine 9, no. 5 (October 2021): 100416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.esxm.2021.100416.

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Greenaway, JB, and DL George. "A column winnower for small-sample seed cleaning." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 4 (1985): 878. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850878.

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The construction and operation of a column winnower capable of cleaning a seed sample in 10-20 s is described. Samples are processed rapidly because the machine is self- cleaning and the fan operates continuously. The latter is achieved by using a by-pass valve for the air flow. The winnower was able to clean seed samples from many species including sunflower, grain sorghum, pigeonpea and wheat. It would have particular application in plant-breeding programs which need to handle many seed samples rapidly and efficiently each generation. The advantages of this winnower are speed, convenience and versatility.

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Krupnikov, Yanna, and Adam Seth Levine. "Cross-Sample Comparisons and External Validity." Journal of Experimental Political Science 1, no. 1 (2014): 59–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/xps.2014.7.

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AbstractExperimentation is an increasingly popular method among political scientists. While experiments are highly advantageous for creating internally valid conclusions, they are often criticized for being low on external validity. Critical to questions of external validity are the types of subjects who participate in a given experiment, with scholars typically arguing that samples of adults are more externally valid then student samples. Despite the vociferousness of such arguments, these claims have received little empirical treatment. In this paper we empirically test for key differences between student and adult samples by conducting four parallel experiments on each of the three samples commonly used by political scientists. We find that our student and diverse, national adult sample behave consistently and in line with theoretical predictions once relevant moderators are taken into account. The same is not true for our adult convenience sample.

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Hamann, Carsten R., Dathan Hamann, Anne B. Simonsen, Claus Zachariae, Jeanne D. Johansen, and Jacob P. Thyssen. "Cobalt content of a convenience sample of leather shoes and gloves in Denmark." Contact Dermatitis 80, no. 4 (December 26, 2018): 248–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cod.13184.

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Gill, Duncan J., and Rocco D. Crino. "The Relationship between Psychopathy and Age in a Non-Clinical Community Convenience Sample." Psychiatry, Psychology and Law 19, no. 4 (August 2012): 547–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13218719.2011.615810.

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Richmond, Robyn L., Jenaleen Law, and Frances Kay-Lambkin. "Physical, Mental, and Cognitive Function in a Convenience Sample of Centenarians in Australia." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 59, no. 6 (May 3, 2011): 1080–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03404.x.

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Rencz, F., V. Brodszky, P. F. M. Stalmeier, B. Tamási, S. Kárpáti, M. Péntek, P. Baji, A. Z. Mitev, and L. Gulácsi. "Valuation of pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus health states: a convenience sample experiment." British Journal of Dermatology 175, no. 3 (August 8, 2016): 593–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bjd.14647.

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Skogen, Jens Christoffer, and Sverre Nesvåg. "Factor Structure of Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) in a Norwegian Convenience Sample." Timing & Time Perception 7, no. 3 (August 9, 2019): 277–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134468-20191149.

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Sense of time is a fundamental aspect of human psychology. The Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) is a widely used questionnaire meant to measure fundamental experiential dimensions of time, such as past, present and future. The aim of this study was to establish model fit of a Norwegian extended version of the ZTPI. The study is based on a convenience sample of 713 individuals. Based on previous findings, we employed confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modelling to investigate different factor structures of ZTPI. The analyses were carried out using the WLSMV-estimation approach, and several fit indices was used as indicators of how well the data fitted the suggested factor structure. This first investigation of a Norwegian version of ZTPI did not find support for the original 56-item scale, the S-ZTPI version (64 items), nor an extended version that also incorporated the transcendental time perspective (74 items). In post-hoc analyses, we identified a model with 34 items and 7 factors that fitted the data adequately. Further studies should investigate the factor structure of ZTPI in a Norwegian context, and international studies should investigate how the transcendental time perspective relates to the rest of ZTPI.

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Amarasena, N., K. Kapellas, MR Skilton, LJ Maple-Brown, A. Brown, K. O'Dea, DS Celermajer, and LM Jamieson. "Associations with dental caries experience among a convenience sample of Aboriginal Australian adults." Australian Dental Journal 60, no. 4 (November 20, 2015): 471–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/adj.12256.

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Apriyanti, Selly, and Nyoman Anita Damayanti. "SERVICE CONVENIENCE UPT RUMAH SAKIT MATA MASYARAKAT JAWA TIMUR." Indonesian Journal of Public Health 12, no. 2 (February 8, 2018): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijph.v12i2.2017.263-275.

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Patient satisfaction is one of the most important thing for a hospital because patient satisfaction is one of indicators which is assessed in hospital minimum service standards. One of the factors that can affect p atient satisfaction on a service is s ervice convenience, which means patient perception about time and effort related to purchase or use of services offered. The aim of this research was to analyze service convenience of UPT RSMM Jawa Timur which consists of decision convenience, access convenience, transaction convenience, benefit convenience, and postbenefit convenience. This research was a descriptive research with cross sectional design. The sample was calculated by Lemeshow formula (1991), that is equal to 72 patients and taken by accidental sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires submitted through interviews. The results showed that the majority of respondents have good assessment of the decision convenience, benefit convenience, and postbenefit convenience. However, it has poor assessment of access convenience and transaction convenience. Therefore, UPT RSMM Jawa Timur needs to pay attention to access convenience and transaction convenience by maximizing the use of Electronic Data Capture machine in conducting payment transactions, adding signboard or billboard placed in strategic place to give information about location of UPT RSMM Jawa Timur, and consider to provide a home stay facility for out-of-town patients.

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Agbonifoh, Christopher, and Edith Odia. "SHOPPERS’ PERCEPTION OF RETAIL CONVENIENCE IN ONLINE SHOPPING IN BENIN CITY, NIGERIA." Oradea Journal of Business and Economics 5, no. 1 (March 2020): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47535/1991ojbe088.

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In view of the fact that shopping is part of everyday life and that it has significant implications for everybody’s livelihood and welfare, this study has investigated shoppers’ perception of retail convenience in online shopping as well as examine the influence of demographic attributes on shoppers’ perception of retail convenience in online shopping. A 20- item questionnaire was developed so as to measure the four different dimensions of retail convenience. It was administered on a sample of 500 respondents consisting of online shoppers in Benin City. On the whole, 423 copies of the questionnaire were returned and found usable, thus giving an 84.6% response rate. The data obtained was coded and analyzed using means, standard deviation, frequency distributions, and T-test. The results revealed that online shoppers have a favorable perception of all the dimensions measuring retail convenience. However, shoppers have a more favorable perception of search convenience. The study has also found that demographic attributes such as gender, age, education, occupation and income do not significantly influence shoppers’ perception of online retail convenience. It is therefore recommended that online retailers should emphasize retail convenience, including access convenience, search convenience, transaction convenience and possession convenience as these constructs are crucial for developing retail convenience and serve as a source for competitive advantages.

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Hirsch, Oliver, Karina Löltgen, and Annette Becker. "Comparing health survey data from Internet- and paper-based convenience samples of lesbian women in Germany." Sexual Health 11, no. 4 (2014): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh14041.

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Background Members of populations that are measured online should be compared with paper-based samples in order to determine whether data from these different sources can be merged or must be analysed separately due to substantial differences. Methods: A sample of lesbian women recruited via the Internet were compared with a paper-based sample. Both groups used a questionnaire consisting of demographic variables, questions regarding dealing with homosexuality, psychological burden, access to care, and discrimination experience within the German healthcare system. Results: Only small differences emerged in dealing with homosexuality between both groups. Moderately more women in the Internet-based sample suffered from nervous tension and the impression of being out of balance. Moderately more women in the paper-based sample stated that their main contact person regarding health matters was informed about their sexual orientation. Most differences had small effect sizes. No substantial differences occurred between the two groups in the area of discrimination experience. No large differences in socioeconomic data, psychological burden, healthcare utilisation, or dealing with or experiences with homosexuality were found. Conclusions: Health survey data derived from Internet- and paper-based samples of lesbian women in Germany are not too dissimilar. Further research in additional contexts is needed to decide whether they can be merged for further analyses.

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Santos, Jasper Guimarães, Hsin Fen Chien, and Egberto Reis Barbosa. "Specificity and sensibility of 9-Itens Wearing-off Questionnaire in Brazilian Parkinson disease patient sample." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 72, no. 11 (November 2014): 867–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20140166.

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Objective (1) To evaluate whether the Nine Items Questionnaire (WOQ-9) for the detection of wearing-off (WO) in Parkinson Disease (PD), by means of its screening ability, is a helpful tool to assist neurologists in diagnosing WO; (2) To determine the sensitivity and the specificity of a free Brazilian Portuguese translation of WOQ-9. Method A sample obtained by convenience included 60 patients. The WOQ-9 was answered by the patients themselves before their routine consultations. The detection of the WO by the WOQ-9 was compared with the neurologist assessment. Statistical significance was 5%. Results The WOQ-9 showed sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 10.3%, positive and negative predictive values of 54.4% and 100% respectively. The identification of WO by the WOQ-9 was congruent in 54.5% of cases with neurological evaluation. Conclusion The WOQ-9 is a convenient screening tool to aid physicians to detect WO in PD patients, and it is a quick and easy self-administered questionnaire.

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Michlitsch, Joseph F., and Stanley Frankel. "Helping Orientations: Four Dimensions." Perceptual and Motor Skills 69, no. 3_suppl (December 1989): 1371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1989.69.3f.1371.

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The underlying factor structure of four helping and coping orientations was investigated. The four orientations are the foundations of four models of helping and coping. Each model consists of a person's orientations toward helping behavior and the set of likely factors and behaviors related to the orientations. The orientations are believed to influence how a person interacts with others in a helping situation and how that person attempts to help himself (cope). Factor analysis in two studies supports the prediction of four helping orientations across a convenience and a target sample. Secondary, higher-order factor analysis further provides support based on the convenience sample, but not the target sample.

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