Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Convention Center'

Thesis: S.M. in Real Estate Development, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, 2018.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 49-51).
The proposed expansion of the Boston Convention and Exhibition Center was approved by the Massachusetts legislature in 2009. In 2010, the governor put the expansion on hold citing an overstated economic impact. Proponents argue that expanding the convention center will lead to increased occupancy and significant economic benefits. But do the benefits outweigh the costs? The first part of this thesis provides an overview of the convention center market in the US as well as two case studies of convention centers that have undergone expansions. The second part closely examines the history and performance of the Boston Convention and Exhibition Center using data from the Massachusetts Convention Center Authority along with data from various other sources to project realistic economic costs and benefits of the expansion as currently proposed.
by Timothy Royce Graham.
S.M. in Real Estate Development

This study firstly aims to identify facility features of the convention centers and then propose a method in order to identify users&rsquo
priorities and evaluate what extent these were provided by the convention centre. Data has been collected using self-administered questionnaires from three group of users
attendees, employees and meeting planners. The study has been conducted in istanbul Lü
tfi Kirdar Convention and Exhibition Center as a case, because of being the most remarkable convention center of Turkey. Each participant will be required to assess this convention center in terms of their priorities of expectations and features provided. The results have been evaluated statistically, and significant differences between the level of importance and performance of the facility features have been presented. This research is expected to be useful for constitution of design criteria of convention centers and effective management of the facilities, in terms of both identifying the features of convention centers and providing a method evaluating the performance of the facilities from the users&rsquo
perspective.

A large part of operating costs of a hotel in Hawaii is the cost of energy for air conditioning. Buildings can be constructed to use energy more efficiently by using many methods, however, some of these methods conflict with other concerns, aesthetics for example. Thus the process of designing and building an energy efficient hotel often involves trade-offs between energy efficiency and other objectives...

From May 11, 1987, through August 14, 1987, Paul Bossert interned at the Theatre of the Performing Arts. The internship was approved by the intern's Graduate Committee and confirmed by the Arts Administration Advisory Committee. It partially fulfills the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Arts Administration. The internship encompassed duties involved in the management of a performing arts facility. The internship was supervised by Mr. Leonard Sobel, Stage Manager of the Theatre of the Performing Arts. The following report profiles the Theatre of the Performing Arts, describes the internship, analyzes management challenges posed by the internship, offers recommendations for the resolution of these challenges, and discusses the effects of the intern's contribution to the organization.

Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 119-123).
This study first outlines three major factors that limit the assessments of convention centers: high uncertainty in the convention industry, complex institutional structures and operational priorities, and plethora of external factors in the venue decision process that are beyond the control of convention centers. This study then compares the performance of San Jose McEnery Convention Center (SJMCC) with the industry average and other comparable facilities using an assessment framework that comprises four elements: financial performance, economic impact, productivity, and service quality. This study further proposes various indicators for these four assessment elements, including the Productivity and External Attractiveness Matrix (PEAM). This analysis concludes that SJMCC's current performance is moderate, even considering various external constraints of its operations. In addition, this analysis also suggests that SJMCC could further improve its current facility occupancy rate, diversify its client base, and enhance its service qualities and varieties as alternative competition strategies to facility expansions. KEY WORDS: San Jose McEnery Convention Center, Performance Assessment, Financial Evaluation, Economic Impact, Productivity, Service Quality, Expansion.
by Kai-yan Lee.
M.C.P.

Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1989.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 64-67).
If the analysis of an architectural design problem suggests the use of references and historical precedents, how should these be selected? Once selected, how can similarities or contradictions between the references and the problem at hand be evaluated? Simply put, how can a body of references be assembled and then made part of the design process? As a concept, type provides a part of the answer to these questions. Since there is no consensus on the meaning and viability of this idea within a design process, the first part of this study is a discussion intended to define and clarify the term. The second part of the study is a design exploration that takes up some of the issues raised in this discussion. Since the project is a convention center, a form of building for which no precedents are widely agreed upon, the question of how to conceptualize a new building type is posed. One of the oldest institutional building types, the monastery, is assessed as a possible prototype. The assumption is not that the Cistercian monastery was a convention center all along, but that the basic morphology of its plan suggests planning principles with a wider institutional application. This hypothesis is tested by using these principles to evaluate the plans of several twentieth-century buildings.
by Peter Lloyd.
M.Arch.

This creative project for the Master of Architecture degree focuses on the building design and landscape design of a urban development, in particular on the mixed cultural basis of deteriorating inner city neighborhoods in the U.S. A.I have lived in America for over two years. During this time, I acquired substantial knowledge on environments and architecture from traveling and studying. Then, I found the characteristics of a mixed culture in this country. We all know that the Chinese people are an important group in America, and they work hard to establish and contribute to the American culture, economy, and environment, now and forever. Although Chinese Americans do not comprise a large portion of the U.S. population, the Chinese patterns of architecture have had some impact on American culture as a whole. However, Chinatown has become a major element in the fabric of many cities in the U.S.A., like Chicago, San Francisco, New York and Washington D.C. For this reason, I chose to explore the design of a new environment for Chinese immigrants in the U.S.A.The topics of this thesis work are the design of the convention center and the planning of Chinatown Square Project. I tried to apply concepts from the Chinese culture, my experience, and professional education in Taiwan, the Republic of China and America. Therefore, the site plan of Chinatown Square Project was designed according to the Chinese Courtyard System. The tower shape of the hotel of the convention center is the transition of the Pagoda. Moreover, the idea of the curved roof comes from the Chinese bowl and tile. Finally, I merged a western feel, and an eastern spirit in the whole design process.I dedicate this thesis to the community of Chinatown in Chicago and America.
Department of Architecture

In today's society urban liveliness has moved from the center of city to its periphery in a diluted manner. There exists the continuation of monotonous cityscape as by-product and leftover of architecture and urbanism. Herein lies the question: how to build a meaningful 'place' in a site where the sense of place is lost. This book is a record of the challenge in my belief that architecture is generous spatial entity which has both elaborated condition and quality orchestrated by the relationship to its site, structure, and material to enhance the quality of life through the human senses.
Master of Architecture

Emergent morphogenetic designs provide a superior architectural response to programmatic, technical, structural, environmental and spatial requirements that conventional unit based architectural forms are too inflexible to fully address. Architecture has reached an exciting stage in its development, where structures are attempting to behave more like nature, which does not function as a static state, but as a complex grouping of symbiotic processes which are constantly evolving to adapt to environmental changes. Digital fabrication and materials engineering have promoted an explosion in formal architectural typologies. By utilizing these digital tools and enhanced materials to embrace a morphogenetic design strategy, architecture can respond rapidly, through multiple permutations to respond to multiple performance criteria. This approach outlines a design process that generates a typology and through multiple reiterations, changes as the design reacts to new performance criteria being added, or the model not adequately meeting the criteria being tested. The terms used to encompass this new design strategy are emergence, evolutionary optimization or morphogenetic design. This strategy utilizes tools in parallel that have been developed independently by different disciplines, including theoretical mathematics, materials engineering, bio-mimicry, environmental studies and digital technologies. The site is a parcel located on Tampa Bay at the outlet of the Hillsborough River, where the existing unit based Tampa Convention Center will be replaced with the new performance based Convention Center. The research methods will be simulation and modeling research. This method will start with a performance based program, and submit the models to multiple permutations. Each performance criteria will be applied to develop an iterative process that re-informs the shape, design, structure and materials, and can be evaluated at the conclusion of the design process, testing the accuracy of the Thesis.

This thesis examines issues of cultural geography arising from a major flagship project of urban regeneration, the International Convention Centre Birmingham. The thesis is specifically concerned with the reorientation of various cultural systems of space around Birmingham as part of the media discourses associated with the Centre. This is examined through the three media most associated with urban regeneration, the local press, promotional materials and public art, and the agents and institutions associated with these media. The project is particularly concerned with the ways in which these media challenge the prevailing structures of expectation that have evolved as part of a cultural system of space deeply embedded within national culture. The evolution and reproduction of the geographical dimensions of British culture, the North - South divide and the urban - rural divide are examined. The extent to which Birmingham has been ascribed an identity based on notions of peripherality derived from this cultural system of space is assessed, as well as the degree to which it has sought to redefine itself as centre by challenging the prescriptions of these dimensions. The thesis concludes that challenging these prescriptions has been a vital part of the parallel promotion of the International Convention Centre and the re-imagination of the City of Birmingham. The thesis concludes further that reference to a number of other cultural dimensions, particularly wider European and international cultural systems of space have also been important.

This thesis asks why some centre-right formations have been more successful than others in the new democracies of Central and Eastern Europe. It does so by examining a single centre-right formation – the Romanian Democratic Convention. It adds to an existing body of literature that covers the development of political parties in post-Communist Central and Eastern Europe and to the small number of studies focusing on centre-right parties in the region. Specifically it adds to the literature on party success and failure and to that on Romanian party and electoral politics. The Romanian Democratic Convention is chosen to add new insights: it is unusual because it is a study of organisational failure and because there is a geographical imbalance in the published studies of the politics of the region towards the Visegrad states. The thesis acknowledges existing academic debate about the competing influences of historical legacies, agency and structural factors in relation to post-Communist democratisation. It aims to identify what led the Convention to first establish itself but then fail to consolidate and eventually to collapse. It draws on a range of sources: semi-structured interviews; contemporaneous newspaper reports; published diaries and autobiographies and a number of secondary sources. The thesis is structured thematically, examining the role of legacies and critical events in shaping long term behaviour by politicians (chapters three and four); organisational factors and the influence of operational objectives (chapter five); the search for a broad and integrative ideology (chapter six). The conclusions in chapter seven suggest that successfully crafting a new, broad political formation requires a degree of pragmatism, directive leadership and political entrepreneurship that was missing from the Democratic Convention because it was shaped by Romania's transition from Communism, by its organisational structure and by differences within its leadership elite so that competing operational objectives could not be reconciled when the formation entered government.

L'analyse économique du droit conçoit les institutions d'arbitrage comme des prestataires de services qui offrent le service d'organisation de la procédure arbitrale. Comme tout marché, le marché de l'arbitrage institutionnel a besoin d'outils juridiques pour encadrer le nouement et le dénouement de ses opérations économiques. La technique contractuelle est le moyen le plus courant pour assurer la conclusion des transactions économiques sur les différents marchés de biens et services. Dans ce contexte, les prestations de services offertes par les centres d'arbitrage doivent sans doute prendre la forme d'une manifestation contractuelle qui encadre juridiquement leur activité sur le marché de l'arbitrage. C'est ainsi que le service d'organisation de l'arbitrage offert par le centre aux parties litigantes entraîne la conclusion d'un contrat d'organisation de l'arbitrage. Ce contrat dictera la relation contractuelle qui lie les parties litigantes à l'institution d'arbitrage. L'identification du contrat d'organisation de l'arbitrage nous a permis de présenter sa notion et de l'analyser via le prisme de l'ensemble contractuel de l'arbitrage. Il dérive d'une convention d'arbitrage principale et participe avec tous les contrats composant l'ensemble contractuel de l'arbitrage au bon fonctionnement de la procédure arbitrale. In fine, le contrat d'organisation de l'arbitrage devient le contrat par lequel le procès arbitral est intégré dans une structure investie, par la volonté commune des parties litigantes, de prérogatives contractuelles la rendant à même d'imposer des décisions institutionnelles garantissant ainsi un arbitrage efficace
The economic analysis of the Law conceives the arbitration institutions as service providers that offer the service of the organization of the arbitration proceedings. Like any market, the market of institutional arbitration needs legal tools to regulate the outcome of its economic operations. Contractual technique is the most common way for the conclusion of economic transactions in the various markets of goods and services. In this context, the services offered by arbitration centers take the form of a contractual event that regulates the activity on the arbitration market. Thus, the service of the organization of the arbitration offered by the center to litigants leads to the conclusion of the contract of arbitration's organization. This contract will dictate the contractual relationship between the litigants and the arbitration institution. Identifying this contract allows us to present its concept and to analyze it through the prism of the "ensemble contractuel de l'arbitrage". Our contract derives from a main convention which is the arbitration convention. Ultimately, the contract of the organization of the arbitration is a contract by which the arbitration proceedings is integrated into a structure invested by the common will of the litigants with contractual prerogatives enabling it to impose institutional decisions ensuring an effective arbitration

The theme of diploma thesis is design of convention center situated in area of BVV Trade Fairs Brno. The location of designed buildings is reacting on surrounding buildings and important compositional axes.The convention center is crossing axis leading from historical entrance and its front glass facades open the view for dominant feature of hotel zone in south part of area.The convention center is designed as two three-storey buildings connected by bridge with sightseeing terrace and main entrance underneath. The bigger building contains main convention hall with a maximal capacity of 2300 people, two halls with a capacity of 500 and 600 people and other conference and meeting rooms with various capacity. The other building contains plenary hall with a capacity of 1100 in circular seating arrangement. The buildings are connecting to pavillions C and B, which provide spaces for opening and exhibiton parts of cenvention events. Designed convention center provides spaces for big diversity of conventional events thanks to its capacities and location.

Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs) -- Naval Postgraduate School, June 2006.
Thesis advisor : Richard Grahlman. "June 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-63). Full text available on Public Stinet.

Thesis: S.M. in Real Estate Development, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, 2018.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 61-65).
One might argue real estate is entering a period where technological innovations have greater impact on investment returns than conventional metrics related to the overall economy. While this has already been demonstrated by e-commerce disrupting the retail and logistics landscape, industry leaders are now starting to become more and more attentive to mobility related implications, resulting from the recent advent of ride-hailing providers like Uber, Lyft, and Didi. Broad literature, generated over the past decades and applying widely recognized econometric concepts, emphasizes the significance of public transport access for residential real estate values. More recently, claims arose that the value of proximity to public transport is being challenged by ride-hailing, serving as a substitute for rail and bus services. While the existence of a certain substitution effect is supported and documented by academic studies, research about its impact on real estate is rare. This thesis analyzes the value change of public transport access over time, by applying a hedonic regression model to a sample of 257,100 residential real estate transactions which have taken place in New York City between January 2005 and June 2018. The distance between each individual home and the closest of 550 heavy rail transit stops is used to determine the value of proximity to public transport in these transactions. Contrary to anecdotal claims and economic theory, the results of this analysis suggest that the value of proximity, i.e. rent gradients towards heavy rail transit stops, increases over the observed time period, especially since the emergence of Uber and within walking distance (0.5 miles) from transit access points. Since mobility innovation's long-term effects might not be in line with short-term implications and notable regional variances might exist, the thesis recommends ongoing analysis of the subject matter and expanding the research from New York City to various markets with different urban shapes, transportation modes, and demographics.
by Dietmar E.A. Weissmann.
S.M. in Real Estate Development

Over the last quarter-century, scholars have taken a unified approach in discussing form in Italian and French opera of the nineteenth century. This approach centers around the four-part aria and duet form begun by Bellini, codified by Rossini, modified by Verdi, and dissolved by Puccini. A similar trajectory can be seen in French opera in the works of Meyerbeer, Gounod, and Massenet; however, only Meyerbeer and Gounod have received significant critical attention. This is in part due to Massenet's reception as a "composer for the people," a title ill fitting and ripe for reconsideration. This dissertation will examine duet forms in Massenet's oeuvre and will focus on the gradual change in style manifest in his twenty-five operas. Massenet's output can be divided into three distinct periods delineated by his approach to form. Representative works from each period will show how he inherited, interpreted, thwarted, and ultimately rewrote the standard formal conventions of his time and in doing so, created a dramaturgical approach to opera that unified the formerly separate number-based elements. Massenet's longevity and popular appeal make him the quintessential French opera composer of the fin de siècle and the natural choice for examining reconstructed conventions.

Thesis (MComm)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The legalisation of gambling in South Africa was perceived by many as an unnecessary vice that would bring social decay in a country that is already battling to cope with a wide array of social woes, such as unemployment, crime, etc. Anti gambling protestors argued that South African society is not sufficiently developed to cope with an industry that diverts money from normal household budgetary expenditure patterns to the many forms of gambling that suddenly became legal. Protestors also argued that gambling tax is just another tax on an already overtaxed society. Many of these arguments were justified and the legalisation of gambling was clearly an issue, which had to be dealt with carefully. Politicians, the custodians of a well-managed political system through pro-active policies that will be to the benefit of a country and its people were in a particularly difficult position with the creation of a legalized gambling industry and had to weigh policy between the advantage of additional tax revenue and the disadvantage of adding to the social ills of South African society. In terms of the Constitution of South Africa gambling was a concurrent competence and the respective provinces had an opportunity to develop gambling policy that will be beneficial to the relevant province. Although the national Gambling Act provided the broad parameters in which provincial legislation had to be developed, provinces had ample opportunity to be innovative in respect of provincial gambling legislation. After the legalisation of gambling provinces moved quickly to ensure that casinos were developed, mainly to create a larger revenue base through gambling tax. Most provinces were cash-strapped, as their share of the national budget was not sufficient to deal with the long list of provincial development priorities. A way had to be found to supplement the national government contributions and gambling tax was an attractive option. The Western Cape Province moved somewhat slower in the promulgation of provincial gambling legislation. There was a clear realisation that gambling was going to have a massive social impact on the population of the Western Cape and therefore had a clear objective to find ways to develop casinos in such a way that it would offset the negative impact of gambling. This thesis did not place any emphasis on the quantification of the social impact (such as lack of productivity, loss of employment, bankruptcy, domestic violence, divorce, etc). The objective was to show that the allocation of a gambling licence could be used to create infrastructure that is not linked or related to a casino. Such infrastructure is normally in high demand in cities or regions, which are emerging as tourist destinations, but the infrastructure would not be developed by the government, as the capital cost is too high, nor by the private sectors as the profit margins are too low. The Western Cape used its allocation of five casino licences in terms of the National Gambling Act to create an impact on the whole of the region by dividing the province into five regions and allocating a casino licence to each of the regions. Since 1994 Cape Town and the Western Cape have gained prominence internationally as a tourist destination. It was soon clear that the city and region would not be able to cope with the influx of tourists due to a lack of hotel rooms and other tourism infrastructure. It was also clear that the tourism industry would not show the required growth without facilities, such as a convention centres. It is particularly a convention centre that became an urgent element in Cape Town as convention business has become a rapidly growing business with a potentially significant impact in terms of convention expenditure and the resulting economic impact on a city. The Western Cape developed gambling policy determinations made it clear that in the case of the five regions, casino bid companies were obliged to include tourism infrastructure that would add value to a particular region. It was made clear that such infrastructure should not necessarily be linked with a casino and could be off-site. The policy determinations were clear in its stipulations that stand-alone casinos would not be entertained in the adjudication process. The development of an international convention centre became an important criterion in the allocation of a casino licence in the Cape Metropole. Although casino bid companies included different kinds of infrastructure in their bids (mostly projects that would have a positive impact on tourism) the development of an international convention centre became a strong factor and the casino licence for the Cape Metropole was allocated to the company that included the development of an international convention centre in the their casino bid application. Although convention centers are rarely profitable they are known to change the face of cities and regions in terms of their economic impact, not only the impact in terms of urban renewal opportunity, but also attracting domestic and international convention center delegate expenditure and the expenditure on hotels, food and beverage, transport, and general tourism expenditure. The direct, indirect and induced economic impact of this expenditure in the Western Cape and Cape Town result in the off-setting of the negative social impact and ensure that the benefits of the legalisation of gambling is extended to projects that would be unlikely developments in the absence of a casino licence allocated. The study undertaken demonstrates the economic impact (direct, indirect and induced) of the Cape Town International Convention Centre. It also shows the impact of the center on the promotion of tourism, including convention center delegates returning to the Western Cape for leisure purposes in the future. It culminates in the conclusion that the allocation of a casino licence should not only be the development of a stand-alone casino, but also the creation of tourism infrastructure that offsets the negative impact of gambling.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die wettiging van die dobbelindustrie was deur baie mense gesien as ‘n onnodige euwel wat net sou bydra tot sosiale verval in ‘n land wat reeds gebuk gaan onder ‘n wye verskeidenheid sosiale probleme, soos werkloosheid, misdaad, ens. Anti-dobbel stemme het argumenteer dat die Suid-Afrikaanse gemeenskap is nie genoegsaam ontwikkel om ‘n industrie te hanteer wat geld kanaliseer vanaf normale huishoudelike besteding na die vorme van dobbel wat gewettig is nie. Anti-dobbel stemme het verder genoem dat dobbel net ‘n verdere belasting is in ‘n gemeenskap wat reeds oorbelas is. Baie van hierdie argumente het gewig gedra en die wettiging van die dobbelindustrie was duidelik ‘n kwessie wat versigtig hanteer moes word. Politici, die beskermhere van ‘n gesonde politieke bestel deur pro-aktiewe beleidstappe wat tot voordeel van ‘n land en sy mense behoort te wees, was in ‘n besondere politieke dilemma met die wettiging van die dobbelindustrie en moes die voordele van verdere belastinginkomste in ag neem saam met die sosiale nadele wat die industrie sou skep. Volgens die Konstitusie van Suid-Afrika is dobbel ‘n konkurente verantwoordelikheid en die onderskeie provinsies kon provinsiale dobbelbeleid ontwikkel volgens provinsiale vereistes. Alhoewel die nasionale wetgewing die oorhoofse raamwerk skep vir provinsiale wetgewing, het provinsies die geleentheid gehad om innoverend te wees met die ontwikkeling van provinsiale wetgewing. Na die wettiging van die dobbelindustrie het provinsies vinnig opgetree om casinos te ontwikkel, hoofsaaklik om ‘n groter belastingbasis te ontwikkel deur die toepassing van wetgewing. Die meeste provinsies ondervind ‘n tekort aan inkomste, aangesien die inkomstetoedeling vanaf die nasionale regering nie genoegsaam is om aandag te gee aan ‘n lang lys van ontwikkelingsprioritiete nie. ‘n Weg moes gevind word om provinsiale inkomste aan te vul en dobbelbelasting was ‘n aantreklike opsie. Die Wes-Kaap Provinsie het ‘n meer geduldige pad geloop in die promulgering van dobbelwetgewing. Daar was ‘n duidelike besef dat dobbel ‘n massiewe negatiewe sosiale impak in die Wes-Kaap sou teweeg bring en was daarvan oortuig dat ‘n weg gevind moes word om die negatiewe sosiale impak minder te maak. Die tesis het nie die klem geplaas op die kwantifisering van die negatiewe impak (soos byvoorbeeld die gebrek aan produktiwiteit, verlies aan werkgeleenthede, bankrotskappe, huishoudlike geweld, egskeidings, ens) nie. Die doel was om te demonstreer dat die toekenning van ‘n casino dobbellisensie gebruik kan word om infrastruktuur te skep wat nie direk verwant is aan ‘n casino nie. Sodanige infrastruktuur is gewoonlik in aanvraag in stede en streke wat ontluik as toerismbestemmings, maar hierdie tipe toerisme-infrastruktuur sal nie deur die regering ontwikkel word nie weens ‘n tekort aan die nodige fondse, maar ook nie deur die privaatsektor nie weens die gebrek aan aantreklike winsmarges. Die Wes-Kaap Provinsie het die vyf casinolisensies wat aan die provinsie toegedeel is in terme van die Nationale Dobbelwet gebruik om ‘n impak in die hele Provinsie te maak deur die Provinsie in vyf streke te verdeel met ‘n lisensie toegedeel aan elk van hierdie streke. Kaapstad en die Wes-Kaap het sedert 1994 internasionale prominensie verkry as ‘n internasional toerismebestemming. Dit was egter gou duidelik dat die stad en die streek nie die verwagte stroom van toeriste sal kan hanteer met die gebrek aan hotelkamers en ander toerismeinfrastruktuur nie. Die toerismesektor sal ook in gebreke bly om te groei sonder ander fasilitiete soos ‘n internasionale konferensiesentrum. Die gebrek aan ‘n internasionale konferensiesentrum het gelei daartoe dat Kaapstad konferensies begin verloor het weens die gebrek aan voldoende fasiliteite. Die internasionale konferensie-industrie toon uitstekende geleenthede vir ekonomiese groei deur die konferensieganger besteding en die impak op die ekonomie van Kaapstad en die Wes-Kaap. Die Wes-Kaap het dobbelkriteria ontwikkel wat dit duidelik gemaak het dat casino lisensie-aansoekers daartoe verplig was om toerismeinfrastruktuur by hulle aansoek in te sluit wat sou bydra tot die waardetoevoeging in die onderskeie streke. Dit is ook duidelik gemaak dat sodanige infrastruktuur nie noodwendig fisies aan ‘n casino gekoppel hoef te wees nie en kon ook weg van die casino perseel ontwikkel word. Die beleidskriteria het dit verder ook duidelik gemaak dat alleenstaande casinos nie oorweeg sou word nie. Die ontwikkeling van ‘n internasionale konferensiesentrum het ‘n belangrike beleidsoorweging geword in die toekenning van ‘n casinolisensie in die Kaapse Metropool. Alhoewel casino maatskappye ‘n verskeidenheid infrastruktuurelemente in hul aansoeke ingesluit het (meesal projekte wat ‘n positiewe impak op toerisme sou teweeg bring) het die ontwikkeling van ‘n konferensiesentrum ‘n uiters belangrike oorweging geword in die toekenning van ‘n casino lisensie en die lisensie vir die Kaapse Metropool is derhalwe toegeken aan die maatskappy wat die ontwikkeling van ‘n konferensiesentrum in die suksesvolle aansoek ingesluit het. Alhoewel konferensiesentrums byna nooit winsgewend is nie, skep sodanige sentrums die moontlikheid van stedelike vernuwing en ‘n ekonomiese impak deur die besteding van konferensegangers op hotelle, voedsel, drank, vervoer en algemene toerismebesteding. Die direkte, indirekte en geleide ekonomies impak van hierdie besteding lei daartoe dat die negatiewe sosiale impak afgeskaal word en lei derhalwe daartoe dat die voordele van die wettiging van dobbel verder gevoer word deur projekte wat onwaarskynlik sou wees in die afwesigheid van die toekenning van ‘n casinolisensie. Hierdie studie demonstreer die ekonomiese impak (direk, indirek en geleide) van die Kaapse Internasionale Konferensiesentrum. Die studie demonstreer verder die impak van die studie op die bevordering van toerisme , insluitende konferensiegangers wat na Kaapstad terugkeer vir vakansiedoeleindes. Hierdie impak kulmineer in die gevolgtrekking dat die toekenning van ‘n casinolisensie behoort nie net te lei tot die ontwikkeling van ‘n alleenstaande casino nie, maar ook die ontwikkeling van toerismeinfrastruktuur wat daartoe lei dat die negatiewe sosiale impak afgeskaal word.

Trois pays d’Amérique latine – la Bolivie, l’Équateur et le Venezuela – ont dénoncé la Convention pour le règlement des différends relatifs aux investissements entre États et ressortissants d’autres États. Cette « vague » de dénonciations témoigne d’un rejet du système d’arbitrage, créé par la Convention de Washington, considéré comme déséquilibré, antidémocratique, onéreux et discriminatoire. Aux yeux de l’Amérique latine, l’arbitrage CIRDI serait conçu pour bénéficier exclusivement aux investisseurs au détriment des États hôtes des investissements. Dans ce travail de recherche, l’approche de l’Amérique latine relative à la Convention de Washington sera présentée en deux étapes. D’abord, les évolutions liées au cadre économique et juridique latino-américain, des prémices de la Convention en 1964, jusqu’á son adoption définitive dans les années 90, seront analysées. Puis seront abordées les principales critiques émises actuellement contre le système d’arbitrage CIRDI. Quels sont les facteurs déterminants du changement dans les politiques en matière d’investissements étrangers en Amérique latine ? Les pays, qui ont dénoncé la Convention de Washington, ont-ils des raisons suffisamment valables de rejeter l’arbitrage transnational en matière d’investissements ? Le CIRDI a-t-il failli dans l’accomplissement de ses fonctions ? Ce travail de recherche vise à répondre à ces questions en analysant la Convention de Washington sous un angle latino-américain
Three countries in Latin America - Bolivia, Ecuador and Venezuela - have denounced the Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of other States. This "wave" of denunciations reflects a negative perception of the arbitration system created by the ICSID Convention, which is described as unbalanced, undemocratic, expensive and discriminatory. In Latin America’s view, ICSID arbitration was created to benefit only to investors at the expense of investments’ host states. This research focuses on the Latin America’s approach on the Washington Convention addressing it in two stages. First, the Latin American economic and legal framework in the early discussions on the draft of the Convention in 1964 and its subsequent adoption in the 1990s will be addressed. Secondly, the subjects that currently arouse the main criticisms to the ICSID arbitration system will be detailed. What are the reasons of change in foreign investment policies in Latin America? Do the countries that denounced the Washington Convention have acceptable reasons for rejecting investments’ transnational arbitration? Did ICSID failed in the performance of its duties? This research aims to answer these questions by analyzing the Washington Convention from the Latin American perspective

Numerous studies in the hospitality field have focused on the importance of the convention industry to the economic well being of the local tourism industry. Because of intense competition between convention centers, destinations are practicing strategies of expanding their convention facilities and related infrastructure. Unfortunately, many of these expansions appear to have been based on feasibility studies that failed to present rigorous reviews and examinations regarding alleged claims of positive impacts and over-optimistic operational pro-forma statements. The main objective of this study is to propose an alternative framework for feasibility studies, which consists of an updated, rigorous methodology to calculate a more comprehensive picture, on what convention centers can deliver on public and private investment. Data from the Orange County Convention Center (OCCC) in Orlando, Florida were used for assessing this proposed framework.
M.S.
Rosen College of Hospitality Management
Rosen College of Hospitality Management
Hospitality and Tourism Management MS;

Au XIXe siècle, le royaume des Ryûkyû (actuelle préfecture d’Okinawa au Japon) était à la fois tributaire de la Chine des Qing et sous la domination des shôgun Tokugawa (via le fief de Satsuma). Toutefois, il conservait une large autonomie politique. Cherchant un point d’appui en Extrême-Orient, et ne pouvant avoir accès aux ports japonais en raison de la politique de « sakoku », la France de la Monarchie de Juillet a fixé son attention sur ce royaume et y a envoyé à partir de 1844 des militaires ainsi que des prêtres des Missions étrangères de Paris. La situation ainsi créée dans le royaume fut aussi inédite que complexe ; d’un côté, les autorités des Ryûkyû surveillaient très étroitement les étrangers présents, qu’elles isolaient de la population locale par tous les moyens ; d’un autre côté, les Français profitaient de l’occasion qui leur était donnée pour observer de l’intérieur cette contrée encore peu connue de l’Europe et pour tenter de l’évangéliser. Ce premier contact aboutit à la conclusion d’une convention, le 24 novembre 1855, entre la France et le royaume des Ryûkyû. Si cette convention ne fut finalement jamais ratifiée, elle a eu un impact important sur la politique extérieure des Ryûkyû. Elle a également pesé sur les premières relations franco-japonaises
In the 19th century, the kingdom of Ryûkyû kingdom (now Okinawa Prefecture in Japan) was both dependent on Qing China and under the rule of Tokugawa shogun (via the Satsuma fief). However, he retained a broad political autonomy.Seeking a fulcrum on the Far East, and unable to access Japanese ports due to Sakoku’s policy, the France of the July Monarchy paid attention to this kingdom and sent military as well as priests of the Foreign Missions of Paris, as a result of which the situation in the kingdom became quite complex; on the one hand, the Ryûkyû closely monitored the foreigners by isolating them from the rest of the local population by all means. On the other hand, the French took advantage of the situation to focus on this barely known region and to try to evangelize it. This first contact led to the conclusion of a convention, on November 24, 1855, between France and the Ryûkyû kingdom. Despite the fact the convention was never ratified, it had as significant impact on the Ryûkyû’s foreign policy. It also affected the first Franco-Japanese relations
19世紀、琉球王国（現・沖縄県）は清の朝貢国であり、また薩摩藩を介し幕藩体制に組み込まれた「二重朝貢国家」であった。しかし、対外的には清（中国）との関係を前面に出すことで対日関係（薩琉関係）を隠蔽し、また国内においても一定の主体性を保持していた。同時期、東アジアにおける拠点を探していた七月王政下のフランスは琉球王国に注目し、1844年 、フランス海軍籍のアルクメーヌ号を派遣、パリ外国宣教会所属の宣教師を留置した。当時、ヨーロッパにおいて琉球王国の存在こそ知られていたものの、王国の特殊性―日中両属、特に薩摩藩との関係―は未だ解明されていない中での進出であった。海洋国家ゆえ、異国船の来航や遭難はままある事態であったが、西洋人の長期滞在は異例のことであり、琉球王府はアルクメーヌ号来琉によって作り出された新たな状況への対応を余儀なくされた。王府は異国人（フランス人宣教師）を隔離、彼らの行動を厳しく監視・制限するとともに、自国民へも異国人との交流や接触を禁じた。一方、フランス人宣教師達は滞琉中に国状の観察、現地語（琉球方言ならびに日本語）の習得に励むとともに、キリスト教の布教も試みていた。1855年11月24日、琉球王国とフランスは琉仏条約を締結した。この条約は結果的に批准されることはなかったが、条約の条項は1840年代におけるフランス人宣教師の滞琉経験を反映したものとなっており、またこの条約の締結によって琉球王府は自国の対外政策に変更・修正を加えた。1840年から1850年代のフランス人宣教師達の滞琉経験は1858年の日仏修好通商条約締結から始まる最初期の日仏関係に影響を与え、また活かされることになった。

The separate sphere ideology, dominant but never hegemonic in Victorian Britain, dictated that women’s natural vocation was to be wives and mothers. Between the years 1850 to 1901, the surplus woman problem and a nascent feminist movement challenged the separate sphere ideology. It was also reinforced by imperialist ideologies that held the British family as a sign of Britain’s superiority, and eugenics which placed great importance on heterosexual marriage and reproduction. How did novelists, especially women novelists, respond to the challenges against the separate sphere ideology? How did they depict unconventional women such as surplus women, women who behaved in transgressive ways, feminist women, lesbians, and women who were in interracial relationships? The conventional narrative stressed the importance of marriage, and unconventional characters either reformed themselves or met tragic fates. This remained consistent throughout the second half of the 19th century. At mid-century, unconventional women were the ones who rejected marriage, had an affair, etc. As women began to gain rights in education, work, and civic rights, the temptations that drew middle class women away from conventional life shifted to wanting to work or becoming feminists. Novels also depicted alien others, such as lesbians and non-white people, as menaces and threats to conventional marriage. Acceptable unconventionalities were limited: it was acceptable for women to be unconventional if they were exceptional or they broke one convention but upheld another, such as motherhood. At the end of the century, New Women novelists and other novelists that sympathetically depicted unconventional women critiqued the separate sphere ideology, but were overwhelmingly pessimistic about the possibility that women could escape convention.

This thesis is a comparative study of two popular nineteenth-century writers, Paul Feval and Wilkie Collins, and by extension, of their respective traditions, the Roman-Feuilleton and the Sensation novel. At the same time, the thesis seeks to provide new insight into the nature and function of popular fiction as a genre. This study argues that, contrary to common assumptions, popular fiction is a complex and dialogic form. As a comparative project, this thesis underscores similarities and differences between the two writers. Chapter I looks at the narrative structures of the novels. It demonstrates that the use of archetypal story-patterns and characters leaves room for 'both thoughtful and ironically playful narrative experiments, resulting in a surprising degree of self-reflexivity. Chapter Il emphasises the dialogic nature of the texts by examining the ways they evoke and rework different genres and registers. It argues that the mingling of tones and moods serves both to stimulate readers' pleasure and to convey criticism of contemporary society. Making use of Mikhaïl Bakhtin's theories on popular culture, this section highlights the carnivalesque nature of the texts. Chapter III addresses in detail the formal influence of the theatre on the two sets of texts and investigates the use of theatrical metaphors in the novels as a way to explore the workings of society. Chapter IV sets out to redress common assumptions about the conservatism of Féval's narratives and the radical nature of Collins' novels by highlighting the existence of two contrary discourses, one manichean and conservative, the other rebellious and immoral. Chapter V makes use of René Girard's theory of the scapegoat. By showing how the two discourses articulate around a scapegoat figure, it draws a parallel between the mechanisms of popular fiction and social mechanisms. Finally, this section argues that both Féval and Collins were aware of the ideological charge of the form they were using and of its limitations.

Through a liberal feminist perspective, this essay investigates the unconventional marital views of the fictional character Elizabeth Bennet. These are analyzed and compared to the traditional marital opinions of the novel's social environment. Moreover, the historical context is important in understanding the marital views in Pride and Prejudice, because the novel was written at a time when the views toward marriage changed significantly. This paper argues that Elizabeth's behavior, expressed opinions and rejections of Mr. Collins's and Mr. Darcy's proposals depict liberal feminist ideas of marriage. The literary review supports the notion that there are two contrasting attitudes toward marriage in Pride and Prejudice: the traditional view and the liberal feminist view. The thorough examination of Elizabeth Bennet's character strongly suggests that she represents the unconventional view of marriage, while characters such as Mr. Collins, Mrs. Bennet, and Charlotte Lucas voice the traditional view of marriage. Furthermore, an analysis of Mr. Darcy's attraction toward Elizabeth indicates that it was Elizabeth's very unconventionality that made Mr. Darcy fall in love with her.

L’œuvre de Banārasīdās (1586-1643), marchand et poète jaina actif dans la région d’Agra, s’appuie sur la pensée du maître digambara Kundakunda (c. IIIe s. de notre ère) pour chanter la véritable nature du soi, intrinsèquement pur, réalité suprême d’un point de vue absolu (niścaya-naya). La condition laïque de Banārasīdās l’oblige pourtant à envisager aussi la religion d’un point de vue conventionnel (vyavahāra-naya), aidé en cela par des échelles de progression spirituelle ménagées par la doctrine jaina et décrites notamment par Nemicandra (Xe siècle). Il est intéressant de suivre en diachronie l’articulation entre les deux points de vue, depuis le Samayasāra, ouvrage fondateur de Kundakunda, jusqu’à Śrīmad Rājacandra, un saint personnage de la fin du XIXe siècle, en s’attardant particulièrement sur les membres du mouvement Adhyātma dont Banārasīdās a été l’un des plus brillants promoteurs
The works of Banārasīdās (1586-1643), a Jain merchant and poet active in the region of Agra, is largely based on the thought of the Digambara philosopher Kundakunda (c. third century). The latter invited to search for the true nature of the self seen as the only reality from an absolute point of view (niścaya-naya). The layman condition of Banārasīdās obliged him to consider also his own religion from a conventional point of view (vyavahāra-naya). He was helped by his discovery of the spiritual scales prepared by the Jain doctrine and described in detail by Nemicandra (tenth century). It is rewarding to look at the articulation between the two points of view in a historical perspective, from the Samayasāra, the major work of Kundakunda, up to Śrīmad Rājacandra, a holy layman of the late nineteenth century, with a particular focus on the members of the Adhyātma movement whose Banārasīdās was one of the most successful instigators

D'un mécanisme léthargique de règlement des différends entre investisseur et Etat durant les premières décennies de son existence, le système CIRDI (Centre international pour le règlement des différends relatifs aux investissements) créé par la Convention de Washington est devenu un mécanisme très recherché dans le cadre du contentieux relatif aux investissements internationaux. Cette évolution, relative au nombre d'affaires et au type de contentieux, a été le résultat de l'acceptation par les tribunaux CIRDI des modalités élargies d'expression du consentement des parties. La Convention de Washington s'est contentée d'exiger un consentement donné par écrit. Devant ce formalisme limité, la pratique des tribunaux a évolué vers l'acceptation de consentements matérialisés dans des types d'instruments écrits différents. Outre une convention d'arbitrage (clause compromissoire ou compromis d'arbitrage), les tribunaux ont accepté le consentement des parties exprimé par une référence à l'arbitrage CIRDI faite par l'Etat dans une loi interne ou dans un traité international suivie de l'acceptation de l'investisseur. De cette hétérogénéité des modalités d'expression du consentement résulte une situation de complexité normative au regard de la notion, où divers corps normatifs qui régissent chaque modalité d'expression du consentement s'appliqueront conjointement avec la Convention de Washington. La finalité de ce travail est d'examiner l'influence de la source du consentement au moment d'interpréter et d'appliquer le consentement dans l'arbitrage CIRDI.

This thesis analyzes the specific journalistic conventional practices of newspapers in Georgia as they focused on the “Cherokee Question” in 1828-1832, the critical period during which the state considered the removal of the Cherokees from Georgia. The research compares news and opinion texts in five Georgia newspapers with news and opinion texts in the newspaper launched by the Cherokee nation in 1828,the Cherokee Phoenix. While the conventional practices in the white-owned press tended to legitimize removal, the Phoenix adopted some of the same conventions in order to defend and negotiate Cherokee culture and issues.

Orientadora: Sandra Aparecida Ferreira
Banca: Edvaldo Aparecido Bergamo
Banca: Márcio Roberto Pereira
Resumo: O presente estudo analisa duas obras saramaguianas, a fim de confrontar o estilo presente nas mesmas, sendo elas Memorial do Convento (1982) e Todos os Nomes (1997). É feito um trabalho comparativo entre essas produções artísticas, por meio da atenção aos traços estruturais e estilísticos, procurando destacar semelhanças e diferenças. Cabe ressaltar que a pesquisa está embasada na Estilística, destacando-se os estudos ligados à Estilística Idealista, como os de Leo Spitzer e Dámaso Alonso. O objetivo desta dissertação é focalizar os recursos estruturais e estilísticos empregados na composição textual de categorias como foco narrativo, espaço, tempo, personagens e figuras de linguagem das obras mencionadas. A partir das análises realizadas, são verificados quais torneios Saramago empregou naqueles romances e o efeito produzido, enfatizando-se, por meio da comparação, os traços estilísticos presentes, com vistas a sondar como ocorre a ressimplificação de seu estilo ao longo dos anos, sugerida nos estudos críticos de Ana Paula Arnaut
Abstract: The present essay analyses two Saramago's literary work, in order to confront the style presented in both, Memorial do Convento (1982) and Todos os Nomes (1997). It is done a comparative essay between these two artistic productions, through the attention of structural and stylistic traits, trying to stand out similarities and differences. It is important to highlight that the research is based on Stylistics, emphasizing the studies linked to Idealistic Stylistics, like the ones from Leo Spitzer and Dámaso Alonso. The aim of this dissertation is to focus the structural and stylistic resources used in textual composition of categories like narrative mode, place, time, characters and figures of speech from the books mentioned. From the carried out analyses, are verified which resources Saramago used in those romances and the effect produced, emphasizing through the comparison, the stylistic traits, with views to evaluate how it occurs the re-simplification in his style throughout the years, suggested in the critical studies of Ana Paula Arnaut
Mestre

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura, com a especialização em Interiores e Reabilitação do Edificado apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre.
A reabilitação e reconversão de edifícios construídos num determinado contexto temporal e social permite a permanência destes na rede de estruturas de uma sociedade organizada em constante mutação. Perante a predominante existência e atual situação de edifícios conventuais, no meio social, económico, político e cultural do séc. XXI, torna-se interessante estudar e demonstrar que possibilidade de integração e utilidade lhes é dada. É discutido o espaço (interior) como génese do conjunto edificado a que chamamos cidade e a valorização da individualidade de certos elementos arquitetónicos na sua preservação e reutilizações espacial (no âmbito da valorização da arquitetura), funcional e social torna-os edifícios singulares, que requerem medidas de intervenção e preservação específicas. Após a extinção das Ordens Religiosas, a maioria das estruturas conventuais tornaram-se devolutas ou aproveitadas para outras funções, perdendo a ligação que mantinham com as suas cidades, como foi o caso do Convento de Nossa Senhora dos Mártires e da Conceição, situado na cidade de Sacavém. A área física-urbana em que estes tipos de estrutura arquitetónica se encontram maioritariamente implantados – no caso, os centros históricos – tem sido alvo de inúmeras intervenções e ajustes a novos planos de organização urbana, nomeadamente moderna e, hoje, contemporânea. Os seus processos e fases de transformação, assim como as políticas que lhes são atribuídas, são determinantes para a escolha do destino atribuído a este tipo de estruturas arquitetónicas históricas.
ABSTRACT: The rehabilitation and reconversion of buildings built in a given temporal and social context allows them to remain in the network of structures of a constantly changing society. Given the prevailing existence and current situation of convent buildings, in the social, economic, political and cultural environment of the century. XXI, it is interesting to study and demonstrate the possibility of integration and usefulness to them. It is discussed the (interior) space as the fundamental generator of the edified ensemble that we call city and the valuation of the individuality of certain architectural elements to its preservation and spatial reutilizations (in the context of the valorization of architecture), functional and social makes them unique buildings, which require specific intervention and preservation measures. After the extinction of religious Orders, most of the conventual structures became vacant or used for other functions, losing the connection that they had with their cities, as was the case of the Convent of Our Lady of the Martyrs and the Conception, located in the city of Sacavém. The physical-urban area in which these types of architectural structure are mostly implanted - in this case, the historical centers - has been the target of numerous interventions and adjustments to new plans of urban organization, namely modern and contemporary today. Their processes and stages of transformation, as well as the policies assigned to them, are decisive for the choice of the destination assigned to this type of historical architectural structures.
N/A

Il lavoro svolto si concentra sulla città di Mirandola, dopo il terremoto del 2012. Viene svolto uno studio storico della città, e un'analisi sullo stato di fatto. Riflessioni sul limite tra città contemporanea e città storica. Viene proposta la ricostruzione del segno delle mura come limite, in modo da restituire un'identità alla città. Infine, il progetto si concentra sull'area dell'ex convento di San Francesco, complesso abbandonato dopo il sisma. La volontà è quella di riuscire a restituirlo alla cittadini di Mirandola, come nuovo centro culturale. Il progetto si impegna a mantenere l'esistente, aggiungendo un nuovo volume, che verrà occupata da una sala conferenze e da una parte della biblioteca.

Em nossa dissertação de Mestrado analisamos o conjunto de quatro pinturas retabulares encomendadas na década de 40 do século XVII para ornar a capela do hoje extinto Convento dos Capuchinhos da Paciência de Cristo de Madri (1651-1836). Estas pinturas narram a lenda que ficou conhecida como a do Santo Cristo da Paciência ou do Cristo das Injurias, e figuram o ataque de um grupo de pessoas a um crucifixo que, enquanto sofre tal desacato, expressa o seu poder milagroso através da fala e do jorro de sangue. Nosso objetivo foi, por meio da análise dessas pinturas, entender o significado das imagens religiosas para a cristandade espanhola deste período e o quanto os ataques iconoclastas preocupavam os membros da Igreja católica e seus fiéis de modo geral, a ponto de gerar a encomenda de tais obras. Para tal, investigamos este corpus de imagens em dois níveis fundamentais: analisando seus elementos formais e temáticos; e sua relação com o cristianismo a encomenda e o debate sobre as imagens, sobre seus usos e funções nas práticas cultuais do catolicismo na Espanha do século XVII.
In our master dissertation we analyzed the group of four altarpieces commissioned in the 1640s to decorate the chapel of the extinct Capuchin Convent of Patience Christ of Madrid (1651-1836). These paintings ndepict the legend that became known as the Holy Christ of the Patience or Christ of the Injuries, and represent the attack of a group of people to a crucifix which, while suffering such disrespect, expressed his miraculous power through speech and the blood gush. Our aim was, through the analysis of these paintings, to understand the meaning of these religious images for Spanish Christendom in this period and how the iconoclastic attacks were a source of worry for the members of the Catholic Church and the faithful in general so as to generate a commission for such works. For this purpose, we investigated this corpus of images on two fundamental levels: analyzing their formal and thematic elements; and its relation to Christianity - the commission and the debate about images, their uses and functions in cultual practices of Catholicism in seventeenth century Spain.