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Journal articles on the topic 'Convention de Lomé'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Migani, Guia. "La politica di cooperazione allo sviluppo della CEE: dall'associazione alla partnership (1957-1975)." MEMORIA E RICERCA, no. 30 (July 2009): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mer2009-030003.

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- This article analyses the EEC development policy between 1957, year of the signature of the Rome's Treaties, and 1975, signature of the Lomé Convention. In the first part, we examine the origins of the development policy, also called "Association policy" because the African colonies were associated to the EEC. In the second part, we analyse the two Yaoundé Conventions of Association (1963 and 1969) signed by the European and the African states. During this period the Six concentrated their discussions on the reform of the Convention after the independence of the African countries and the creation of UNCTAD. In the last part, the article focuses on the Seventies and on the Lomé Convention which renewed the instruments of the European Development policy and the relationship between the Nine and the Developing states. The negotiations of the three Conventions (Yaoundé I, Yaoundé II and Lomé) represent good opportunities to study the motivations and the role of the most important actors. Also, the evolution of the European development policy is analysed in relation with the changes of the international context.Parole chiave: Politica di associazione, Cooperazione allo sviluppo, Convenzione di Yaoundé, Convenzione di Lomé, Paesi ACP, Relazioni esterne della CEE EEC Association Policies, EEC Development Policies, Yaoundé Convention, Lomé Convention, ACP Countries, EEC External Relations

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2

Akandji-Kombé, Jean-Francois. "OVERVIEW OF THE LOMÉ CONVENTION." Human Rights Law in Africa Online 3, no. 1 (1998): 214–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221160698x00195.

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3

Oyewumi, Aderemi. "The Lomé convention: From partnership to paternalism." Round Table 80, no. 318 (April 1991): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358539108454033.

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4

Bach, Daniel. "Un ancrage à la dérive : la Convention de Lomé." Tiers-Monde 34, no. 136 (1993): 749–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/tiers.1993.4799.

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5

Mahler, Vincent A. "The Lomé convention: Assessing a north‐south institutional relationship." Review of International Political Economy 1, no. 2 (June 1994): 233–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09692299408434278.

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6

Herbst, Jeffrey. "Theories of International Cooperation: The Case of the Lomé Convention." Polity 19, no. 4 (June 1987): 637–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3234707.

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7

Gruss, Ursula. "Promotion of Mining and Energy Investment under the Lomé Convention." Journal of Energy & Natural Resources Law 4, no. 4 (January 1986): 230–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02646811.1986.11433562.

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8

Crawford, Gordon. "Whither Lomé? The Mid-Term Review and the Decline of Partnership." Journal of Modern African Studies 34, no. 3 (September 1996): 503–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00055579.

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The signing in Mauritius on 4 November 1995 of the amended fourth Lomé Convention, the aid and trade co-operation agreement between the European Union (EU) and the ACP Group of 70 African, Caribbean, and Pacific countries, brought the Mid-Term Review to its formal completion after protracted negotiations. Established in 1975, Lomé has long been the centre-piece of EU development assistance. In quantitative terms, the European Development Fund, the financial instrument of Lomé, has comprised the largest single portion of EU aid, averaging almost 45 per cent of all disbursements in recent years.1 Qualitatively, Lomé has been regarded as a model of North—South cooperation, mainly due to three special features: it was founded on the principles of equality, mutual respect, and interdependence; it is a legally binding contract negotiated between two sets of countries; and it involves ongoing dialogue through three joint institutions, the ACP—EU Council of Ministers, the Committee of Ambassadors, and the ‘parliamentary’ Joint Assembly.

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9

Drieghe, Lotte, and Jan Orbie. "Revolution in Times of Eurosclerosis: The Case of the First Lomé Convention." L'Europe en Formation 353 - 354, no. 3 (2009): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/eufor.353.0167.

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10

Parfitt, Trevor W., and Sandy Bullock. "The Prospects for a New Lomé convention: structural adjustment or structural transformation?" Review of African Political Economy 17, no. 47 (March 1990): 104–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03056249008703851.

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11

Montana, Ismael Musah. "The Lomé Convention from Inception to the Dynamics of the Post-Cold War, 1957-1990s." African and Asian Studies 2, no. 1 (2003): 63–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156920903763835670.

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AbstractFrom the early 1960s through the late 1980s, Lomé Convention, the chief achievement of Euro-African Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries' entente, has been an interdependent form of partnership that has offered ACP states a privileged position in the European Economic Commission's Market. Although considered a cornerstone and model for Europe's North-South economic cooperation, changes that occurred in the aftermath of the Cold War had drastic effects on the nature of this historic partnership. In the period between 1989 and 1995, profound changes occurred in international relations following the end of the Cold War, followed by the subsequent liberalization of East European states' economies, the creation of the Euro-Mediterranean partnership, and the restructuring of Europe's internal as well as external policies, in part, affected the ACP's privileged position in the European Union. The concept of Cold War context used in this article will be narrower (economic implications) rather than that commonly employed in the study of superpower rivalry. The framework employed throughout the paper is a conceptual and critical survey of the Lomé Convention's history, from its inception to the changing dynamics of the post Cold-War world. The paper critically examines the divergence of interpretations of the relevance and obsolescence of the Convention in the post-Cold War context. "The World is changing. It has changed for the ACP States; it will change for the Community; it is changing all around us."

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12

Abbott, George C. "The European Community and the developing world: the role of the Lomé Convention." International Affairs 65, no. 2 (1989): 334–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2622106.

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13

Robins, Nick. "STEERING EU DEVELOPMENT CO-OPERATION TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY: THE CASE OF THE LOMÉ CONVENTION." European Environment 6, no. 1 (January 1996): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0976(199601)6:1<1::aid-eet57>3.0.co;2-#.

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14

Cubel, Pablo. "Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes in International Law: The Special Case of the Mediterranean Area." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 12, no. 4 (1997): 447–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180897x00329.

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AbstractSince the early 1980s different organisations have tried to enact international instruments to control international waste trade. The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal was adopted in 1989 under the auspices of UNEP in order to protect human health and the environment against the adverse effects which may result from the management of waste involved in transboundary movements of hazardous waste and its disposal. The Basel Convention has evolved significantly in eight years-whereas only 35 states and the EC signed the Convention at the time of its adoption, more than 113 states have ratified it as to August 1997. Several other instruments have been developed under the Basel Convention influence. Among those treaties that have been adopted, two deserve special attention. First, the Bamako Convention on the Ban of the Import into Africa and the Control of Transboundary Movement and Management of Hazardous Wastes within Africa adopted in 1991 under the auspices of OAU. Second, the Fourth Lomé Convention adopted by the EC and its member states and 69 African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) states. The first part of this article is devoted to a comparative analysis of those three Conventions. The second part of this article gives an objective analysis of the substantive regulation of the Izmir Protocol while criticising diverse aspects and proposing alternatives in view of the conventions treated in the preceding part.

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15

McDonald, Scott. "The Commodity Protocols of the Lomé Convention: the Case of Beef Exports from Botswana." Journal of Agricultural Economics 53, no. 2 (July 2002): 407–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9552.2002.tb00028.x.

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16

Adams, Catherine, and Philippe Sands. "III. External Relations." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 46, no. 1 (January 1997): 212–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589300060206.

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Developments in the external relations policy and law of the European Union are too numerous to describe comprehensively in this note. We have therefore identified and described what we consider to be some of the more significant issues. These are: recent moves towards enlargement, in particular the Union's pre-accession strategy; expansion of the Union's regional co-operation policies; the mid-term review of the Lomé Convention; and progress in the 1996

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17

Raboy, David G., Teri L. Simpson, and Bing Xu. "A Transition Proposal for Lomé Convention Trade Preferences: The Case of the EU Banana Regime." World Economy 18, no. 4 (July 1995): 565–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.1995.tb00231.x.

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18

Drieghe, Lotte. "The first Lomé Convention between the EEC and ACP group revisited: bringing geopolitics back in." Journal of European Integration 42, no. 6 (November 1, 2019): 783–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2019.1682566.

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19

Holland, Martin. "The Other Side of Sanctions: Positive Initiatives for Southern Africa." Journal of Modern African Studies 26, no. 2 (June 1988): 303–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x0001048x.

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In 1977 the member-states of the European Community (E.C.) adopted a collective strategy designed to and apartheid and to encourage the economic independence of South Africa's less-developed neigh-bours. The respective foreign-policy instruments used to achieve these goals were the Code of Conduct and the Lomé Convention, through which assistance was provided for the Frontline states. The scope of the Community's Southern African actions was enlarged in 1985 to include a range of sanctions against Pretoria similar to those adopted by other governments.

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20

Bach, Daniel. "L'Afrique du Sud, l'Union européenne et la Convention de Lomé : du bilatéralisme au néo-régionalisme ? (Note)." Études internationales 27, no. 4 (April 12, 2005): 733–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/703661ar.

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Economic and financial relations between the European Union and « new » South Africa were characterized by a rapid process 0} normalization following the general elections of27 April 1994. Much more problematic has been the process of negotiating a long term relationship which should result in the implementation of a Eu-South Africa free trade area over a ten year transition period, and a qualified membership of South Africa in the Lome Convention. The analysis 0} current negotiations reveals how the parties' mutual concern for the World Trade Organisation principles is constantly tempered by their equally strong commitment to Systems of regional preferences. At a time when the future of the Lome Convention has become a matter of official discussion by the EU and the ACP states, the revival of regional integration programmes in Southern Africa confers to the negotiations between the EU and South Africa a special value. Indeed, they prefigure as a test on the capacity to integrate the realities of new trade regionalism in euro-African relations.

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21

MacDonald, Scott B., and F. Joseph Demetrius. "The Caribbean Sugar Crisis: Consequences and Challenges." Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 28, no. 1 (1986): 35–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/165735.

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“Being in Sugar is like collecting Confederate currency”. This assessment, offered by anthropologist Sidney Mintz (1985), is shared by many sugar industry observers, insiders, and, increasingly, by many Caribbean officials. King sugar, instrumental in shaping the diverse political, economic, and social histories of the Caribbean since colonial times, confronts a seemingly intractable crisis: a severe, and sustained, disequilibrium between global demand and supply which makes export of sugar very unattractive. Except in those cases where preferential arrangements exist between producers and consumers-the Lomé Convention, the US sugar quota system, and the Soviet guaranteed purchase of Cuban sugar-world prices for sugar are at a record low, well below production costs.

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22

BOSSCHE, Olivier VAN DEN. "Lomé et la coopération industrielle CEE-ACP en 1975: entre Nouvel ordre économique international et poursuite des intérêts industriels européens." Journal of European Integration History 25, no. 2 (2019): 243–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0947-9511-2019-2-243.

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In 1975, the Lomé Convention, which manages relations between the EEC and the countries of the ACP (Africa Caribbean Pacific) group, introduces a chapter on "industrial cooperation". This new policy aims to develop production sectors (industry, agriculture, mining and tourism) in the ACP countries, and embodies the egalitarian partnership discourse specific to the New International Economic Order. Using unpublished archives from the European Commission, the ACP Secretariat, the Centre for Industrial Development and interviews with the administrators in charge in the 1970s, we study the complexity of the networks of internal and external actors at DG- VIII responsible for setting up EEC-ACP industrial cooperation in Brussels. In doing so, we show that industrial cooperation is created out of the political will to rethink relations between European countries and previous African colonies in the framework of the NIEO; we also show the persistence of interests from private European economic circles, which remain close to the European Commission.

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23

Verna, Gérard. "MAGANZA, Giorgio. La Convention de Lomé. Bruxelles, Éditions de l'Université de Bruxelles, Série « Le Droit de la Communauté européenne », vol. 13, 1990, 944p." Études internationales 22, no. 2 (1991): 462. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/702869ar.

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24

Schütze, Robert. "EU Development Policy: Constitutional and Legislative Foundation(s)." Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 15 (2013): 699–717. http://dx.doi.org/10.5235/152888713809813530.

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AbstractThe Union’s constitutional regime for development policy has traditionally progressed alongside two parallel tracks. In addition to a general regime for all developing countries, there exists a special regime for African, Caribbean and Pacific Countries (ACP countries). The Union’s general development policy originated as a flanking policy within the Common Commercial Policy. This trade-centricity was only relativised by the insertion of an express development aid competence in 1992. The Union’s development cooperation competence can today be found in Article 209 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) and allows the Union to adopt legislative acts or conclude international agreements to reduce poverty within developing countries. By contrast, the Union’s special development regime has had a very different constitutional source. It stemmed from the ‘colonial’ association to the Union (qua its Member States) of certain dependent ‘oversees countries and territories’ for which the 1957 Treaty of Rome had provided a limited development competence. Once these countries gained independence in the 1960s, however, the Union had to transfer this special regime to its contractual association competence under Article 217 TFEU. The association regime for ACP countries has itself undergone a number of significant changes with the transition from the Lomé Convention(s) to the Cotonou Agreement.

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25

Murray, Rachel. "RECENT DEVELOPMENTS." Journal of African Law 45, no. 1 (April 2001): 123–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0221855301001638.

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In July 2000, several months after the United Nations produced an independent report citing the failures of the organization in relation to the 1994 genocide in Rwanda (the Carlsson Report), the Organization of African Unity's (OAU) Summit in Lomé, Togo, was presented with a several-hundred page report from its International Panel of Eminent Personalities to Investigate the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda and the Surrounding Events (IPEP). While the Carlsson Report focused exclusively on the responsibility of the UN, the IPEP had a wide mandate to examine the situation which led to the genocide and the failures of the Genocide Convention, and to make recommendations for redress and action to prevent it happening again. Similarly, although the UN document does acknowledge that the OAU failed to prevent the genocide, attributing this to a lack of resources and political will, the IPEP Report is more forceful in its condemnation of the influence and responsibility of several European states and the USA. The Panel considered the part played by these states as essential to an understanding of the genocide, despite the fact that its intention was not to determine the guilt of various actors. This note provides a descriptive summary of the contents of the Report.

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26

Schütze, Robert. "EU Development Policy: Constitutional and Legislative Foundation(s)." Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 15 (2013): 699–717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1528887000003219.

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Abstract The Union’s constitutional regime for development policy has traditionally progressed alongside two parallel tracks. In addition to a general regime for all developing countries, there exists a special regime for African, Caribbean and Pacific Countries (ACP countries). The Union’s general development policy originated as a flanking policy within the Common Commercial Policy. This trade-centricity was only relativised by the insertion of an express development aid competence in 1992. The Union’s development cooperation competence can today be found in Article 209 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) and allows the Union to adopt legislative acts or conclude international agreements to reduce poverty within developing countries. By contrast, the Union’s special development regime has had a very different constitutional source. It stemmed from the ‘colonial’ association to the Union (qua its Member States) of certain dependent ‘oversees countries and territories’ for which the 1957 Treaty of Rome had provided a limited development competence. Once these countries gained independence in the 1960s, however, the Union had to transfer this special regime to its contractual association competence under Article 217 TFEU. The association regime for ACP countries has itself undergone a number of significant changes with the transition from the Lomé Convention(s) to the Cotonou Agreement.

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27

Coomans, Fons. "J. A. Winter de Europese Gemeenschap, Ontwikkelingssamenwerking en de Rechten van de Mens. Enige beschouwingen rond de Derde Conventie van Lomé. (The European Community, Development Cooperation and Human Rights. Observations on the Third Lomé Convention). Inaugural lecture, Free University, Amsterdam, 20 September 1985, W.E.J. Tjeenk Willink, Zwolle 1985, 25 pp. Dfl. 12,50." Netherlands International Law Review 33, no. 03 (December 1986): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165070x00011748.

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28

Laakso, Liisa. "The Clinton Administration and Africa: A View from Helsinki, Finland." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 26, no. 2 (1998): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047160700502959.

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Africa occupies a special position in the foreign policies of the Nordic countries of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. In spite of their limited capacities, lack of colonial ties with Africa, or any significant economic interests in Africa, the Nordic countries have attained a relatively high profile, especially in Southern Africa. After Finland and Sweden joined the European Union (EU) in 1995, Africa assumed an even greater level of foreign policy significance for the Nordic countries. Most notable in this regard is Finland’s assumption in 1999 of the EU presidency, a position that makes Finland responsible for the negotiations over the continuation of the EU’s Lomé Convention with 71 countries of Africa, the Caribbean, and the Pacific. It is in this context that this article assesses Nordic perceptions of the Clinton administration’s foreign policy toward Africa. It is important to note, however, that there is no one monolithic “Nordic perspective.” The opinions and approaches documented in policy papers or informal statements by individual civil servants following African affairs can widely vary. People working with development cooperation, for example, tend to be more recipient-oriented than those looking at Africa from a more general foreign policy point of view. The tradition of outspoken human rights policy still differentiates Norwegian and Swedish approaches from the cautious policy of Finland. Yet behind these different tones, one can distinguish common premises stemming from the many similarities of the Nordic countries and their conscious efforts to generate coherent, coordinated foreign policies toward Africa.

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29

Bailey, Richard. "Collective clientelism: the Lomé Conventions and North-South relations and The Lomé Agreement, Europe and the Third World." International Affairs 62, no. 1 (1985): 115–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2618096.

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30

McCann, Gerard. "The rise and fall of associationism: The Yaoundé and Lomé conventions." Studia z Polityki Publicznej, no. 3(27) (October 28, 2020): 9–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/kszpp/2020.3.1.

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The immediate post-colonial period offered opportunities as well as formidable challenges for former colonies of European powers. While colonial mentalities still pervaded in many European capitals and paternalism remained pervasive throughout the political diplomacy of the period, other perspectives were emerging. Through innovative policy engagements that occurred in the late 1950s and into the 1960s, a new sense of transnational purpose could be seen which presented former colonies with partnership options that were seemingly and practically outside the context of the historic geo-economic imposition. Whereas some European powers continued to exert overly dismissive attitudes to African engagement and society, other approaches experimented with developmental policies that were lauded by both sides at the time. This article will look at the practice and policies of associationism - the outworking of the Yaounde and Lome agreements - and will look at the formative international cooperation policies of the European Community (EC), as it evolved through the period when former European colonies were attaining independence. Finally, it will survey the reasons for the demise of associationism and speculate on the onset of what some have described as "neo-colonalism" (Langan, 2018: 1-32; Nkrumah, 1965).

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31

Anyadike-Danes, M. K., and M. N. Anyadike-Danes. "The geographic allocation of the European development fund under the Lomé Conventions." World Development 20, no. 11 (November 1992): 1647–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-750x(92)90020-v.

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32

Lake, M. "The Lome III Convention--Europe's New Model for Dialogue and Development." Yearbook of European Law 5, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 21–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/yel/5.1.21.

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33

Parfitt, Trevor W. "Equals, Clients, or Dependents? A.C.P. relations with the E.E.C. under the lomé conventions - Collective Clientelism: the Lomé Conventions and North-South relations by John Ravenhill New York, Columbia University Press, 1985, Pp. xxi+389. $49.00." Journal of Modern African Studies 25, no. 4 (December 1987): 717–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00010260.

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34

Arts, Karin, and Jessica Byron. "The mid-term review of the Lome IV Convention: Heralding the future?" Third World Quarterly 18, no. 1 (March 1997): 73–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01436599715064.

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35

Bergtold, Jason, George Norton, and Charlene Brewster. "Lome to Cotonou conventions: trade policy alternatives for the Senegalese groundnut sector." Agricultural Economics 33, no. 3 (November 2005): 315–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0864.2005.00070.x.

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36

Voiculescu∗, Aurora. "UNORTHODOX HUMAN RIGHTS INSTRUMENTS: THE ACP‐EU DEVELOPMENT CO‐OPERATION FROM THE LOMÉ CONVENTIONS TO THE COTONOU AGREEMENT." Journal of Commonwealth Law and Legal Education 4, no. 1 (April 2006): 85–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03050710600800145.

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37

Gbeasor-Komlanvi, Fifonsi A., Wendpouiré I. C. Zida-Compaore, Ikpindi H. Dare, Aboudoulatif Diallo, Tchin P. Darre, Yao Potchoo, Mofou Belo, and Didier K. Ekouevi. "Medication Consumption Patterns and Polypharmacy among Community-Dwelling Elderly in Lomé (Togo) in 2017." Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research 2020 (January 9, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4346035.

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Background. In the sub-Saharan African, region of the world with a fast growing aging population and where the use of herbal products is very common, there is a paucity of data on medication consumption patterns among elderly people. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of polypharmacy and its associated factors among community-dwelling elderly in Lomé, Togo, in 2017. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to June 2017 in Lomé, Togo among people aged 60 years and older. The Respondent Driven Sampling method was used to recruit participants. Data on socio-demographic characteristics and medication consumption patterns, including the use of medicinal plants and dietary supplements, were collected using a standardized questionnaire during a face-to-face interview at participants’ home. Descriptive and binary logistic regression analyses were performed. Results. A total of 370 participants with median age 65 years, (IQR: 62–71) were enrolled in the study. Almost three elderly in five (57.6%) were multimorbid (had two or more chronic diseases). Conventional drugs (78.4%), medicinal plants (14.3%) and other dietary supplements (9.5%) were used by participants. The prevalence of polypharmacy was 22.7% (95% CI: 18.5–27.3%). Concurrent use of conventional drugs and medicinal plants or other dietary supplements was observed among 17.0% of participants and 67.3% reported self-medication. Multimorbidity (aOR = 4.55; 95% CI: [2.42–8.54]) and female sex (aOR = 1.86; 95% CI: [1.00–3.47]) were associated with polypharmacy. Conclusion. One elderly in five uses five or more medications in Togo. Further studies are needed to assess drug-drug interactions and herb-drug interactions among this population.

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Chu, Y. J., and W. T. Chong. "Numerical Study of Conventional and Biomimetic Marine Current Turbines in Tandem by Using Openfoam®." Journal of Mechanics 34, no. 5 (June 6, 2017): 679–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmech.2017.46.

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AbstractThe increasing demands on renewable energy nowadays caused the development of marine current turbine industry. In order to improve the current design of marine current turbines, studies were conducted to analyse their hydrodynamic performances during operation. Since most of the time marine current turbines operate in arrays, it is important to understand the interactions between the turbines in order to design the optimum turbine farm. OpenFOAM® was used to simulate the turbine interactions of conventional and biomimetic marine current turbines in tandem configuration. The conventional marine current turbines were referred to Pinon et al. (2012) and Mycek et al. (2013) while the biomimetic marine current turbine was adopted from Chu (2016). The numerical simulations were conducted with turbines in different inter-device distances, A/D. The percentage differences of ‘‘efficiency’’, η between the IFREMER-LOMC and the biomimetic turbine case of inter-device distances, A/D = 4, 6, 8 and 10 are 14.3%, 6.4%, 3% and 1.92% respectively. The results show that the power produced by the biomimetic turbines in tandem is comparable with the IFREMER-LOMC turbines when A/D > 4. The biomimetic marine current turbines can be a fair choice due to their potential to have alternative fabrication method of their sheet-like turbine blades.

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39

Fischer, Robert, Tom Andersen, Helmut Hillebrand, and Robert Ptacnik. "The exponentially fed batch culture as a reliable alternative to conventional chemostats." Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 12, no. 7 (July 2014): 432–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lom.2014.12.432.

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40

Golan, Rotem, Ittai Gavrieli, Boaz Lazar, and Jiwchar Ganor. "The determination of pH in hypersaline lakes with a conventional combination glass electrode." Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 12, no. 11 (November 2014): 810–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lom.2014.12.810.

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41

Rajabi, Enayat, Miguel-Angel Sicilia, and Salvador Sanchez-Alonso. "Interlinking educational resources to Web of Data through IEEE LOM." Computer Science and Information Systems 12, no. 1 (2015): 233–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis140330088r.

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The emergence of Web of Data enables new opportunities for relating resources identified by URIs combined with the usage of RDF as a lingua franca for describing them. There have been to date some efforts in the direction of exposing learning object metadata following the conventions of Linked Data. However, they have not addressed an analysis on the different strategies to expose Linked Data that could be used as a basis for leveraging the metadata currently curated in repositories following common conventions and established standards. This paper describes an approach for exposing IEEE LOM metadata as Linked Data and discusses alternative strategies and their tradeoffs. The recommended approach applies common principles for Linked Data to the specificities of LOM data types and elements, identifying opportunities for interlinking exhaustively. A case study and a reference implementation along with an evaluation are also presented as a proof of concept of this mapping.

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André, Sylvie. "L'Union Europeenne et la Zeon du Pacifique." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 28, no. 3 (June 1, 1998): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v28i3.6069.

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L'Union européenne est présente, sous des formes diverses, dans la région Pacifique. Au-delÃ du cadre de sa politique commerciale extérieure, elle a des accords d'association avec un certain nombre de territoires insulaires. Ainsi, parmi les 20 pays et territoires d'outre-mer (PTOM) énumérés dans l'annexe I de la décision 91/482/CEE du Conseil du 25 juillet 1991, relative Ã l'association des pays et territoires d'outre-mer Ã la Communauté économique européenne , cinq sont situés dans la zone Pacifique : quatre territoires français, Polynésie française, Nouvelle Calédonie et ses dépendances, Ã®les Wallis et Futuna, terres australes et antarctiques françaises et une colonie britannique, Pitcairn. Huit pays ACP ("Afrique, CaraÃ¯bes, Pacifique") appartiennent Ã la mÃªme zone géographique: Fidji, Kiribati, Papouasie Nouvelle Guinée, Ã®les Salomon, Samoa occidentales, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu. Ces pays ont donc noué des relations d'association avec l'Union européenne dans le cadre des conventions de Lomé.

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Zartman, I. Wllliam. "Collective Clientelism: The Lomé Conventions and North-South Relations: By John Ravenhill. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1985. Pp. xxi + 389. $35.00.)." American Political Science Review 80, no. 3 (September 1986): 1075–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1960614.

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Gruhn, Isebill V. "The Lomé Conventions and Development: an empirical assessment by Olufemi A. Babarinde Aldershot, Avebury; Brookfield, VT, Ashgate Publishing Company, 1994. Pp. xiv + 250. £37.50." Journal of Modern African Studies 33, no. 1 (March 1995): 169–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00020966.

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Lelart, Michel. "L’évolution du Fonds Européen de Développement prévu par les Conventions de Yaoundé et de Lomé. NDOUNG, Jean-Pierre. Bruxelles, Emile Bruylant, 1994, 549 p." Études internationales 27, no. 4 (1996): 961. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/703701ar.

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PERRIGIN, DAVID M., THEODORE GROSVENOR, and JUDITH PERRIGIN. "Comparison of Refractive Findings Obtained by the Bausch and Lomb IVEX and by Conventional Clinical Refraction." Optometry and Vision Science 62, no. 8 (August 1985): 562–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006324-198508000-00010.

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Kim, Tae-im, Seung-jae Yang, and Hungwon Tchah. "Bilateral Comparison of Wavefront-guided Versus Conventional Laser in situ Keratomileusis With Bausch and Lomb Zyoptix." Journal of Refractive Surgery 20, no. 5 (September 1, 2004): 432–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/1081-597x-20040901-04.

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Williams, Randolph T., Laurel B. Goodwin, Warren D. Sharp, and Peter S. Mozley. "Reading a 400,000-year record of earthquake frequency for an intraplate fault." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 19 (April 24, 2017): 4893–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1617945114.

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Our understanding of the frequency of large earthquakes at timescales longer than instrumental and historical records is based mostly on paleoseismic studies of fast-moving plate-boundary faults. Similar study of intraplate faults has been limited until now, because intraplate earthquake recurrence intervals are generally long (10s to 100s of thousands of years) relative to conventional paleoseismic records determined by trenching. Long-term variations in the earthquake recurrence intervals of intraplate faults therefore are poorly understood. Longer paleoseismic records for intraplate faults are required both to better quantify their earthquake recurrence intervals and to test competing models of earthquake frequency (e.g., time-dependent, time-independent, and clustered). We present the results of U-Th dating of calcite veins in the Loma Blanca normal fault zone, Rio Grande rift, New Mexico, United States, that constrain earthquake recurrence intervals over much of the past ∼550 ka—the longest direct record of seismic frequency documented for any fault to date. The 13 distinct seismic events delineated by this effort demonstrate that for >400 ka, the Loma Blanca fault produced periodic large earthquakes, consistent with a time-dependent model of earthquake recurrence. However, this time-dependent series was interrupted by a cluster of earthquakes at ∼430 ka. The carbon isotope composition of calcite formed during this seismic cluster records rapid degassing of CO2, suggesting an interval of anomalous fluid source. In concert with U-Th dates recording decreased recurrence intervals, we infer seismicity during this interval records fault-valve behavior. These data provide insight into the long-term seismic behavior of the Loma Blanca fault and, by inference, other intraplate faults.

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Hurt, Stephen R. "Co-operation and coercion? The Cotonou Agreement between the European Union and acp states and the end of the Lome´ Convention." Third World Quarterly 24, no. 1 (February 2003): 161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713701373.

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Espinoza de la Borda, Álvaro. "Recuperando el altiplano para la fe: el Colegio Apostólico de Arequipa y su labor misionera en Puno en el siglo XIX." Allpanchis 39, no. 69 (September 5, 2020): 83–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.36901/allpanchis.v39i69.445.

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El establecimiento en 1869 de un colegio apostólico de Propaganda Fide en Arequipa, en el convento de recolección de San Jenaro, marca el inicio de una intensa campaña de evangelización por medio de las misiones populares, desarrolladas por misioneros franciscanos. Esta acción misionera —que se prolongó durante varias décadas— significó la recuperación de extensas zonas andinas para la fe católica gracias al trabajo de religiosos y hermandades de terciarios que contrarrestaron a las logias masónicas y demás grupos opuestos a la Iglesia. El altiplano fue el escenario de la acción de los misioneros que por décadas —a lomo de bestia o en ferrocarril— recorrieron un extenso territorio llevando el mensaje evangélico.

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