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Journal articles on the topic 'Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict'

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Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Krestovska, Nataliia. "The Child and Weapon: Historical and Legal Aspects." International Relations: Theory and Practical Aspects, no. 1 (May 2, 2018): 164–74. https://doi.org/10.31866/2616-745x.1.2018.141997.

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The author analyzes historical facts of involving children in military affairs and armed conflicts. The author comes to the conclusions that classical international law lacks rules on preventing the children involvement  into armed conflicts and provides children protection only in the context of the non-combatants protection. During the Ist and IInd World Wars there arose such a phenomenon as children soldiers. Declaration of the Rights of the Child in 1924 did not created an effective mechanism for preventing the children involvement into armed conflicts. This goal was partially achieve

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2

Brett, Rachel. "Adolescents volunteering for armed forces or armed groups." International Review of the Red Cross 85, no. 852 (2003): 857–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0035336100179961.

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The focus of attention with regard to “child soldiers” has tended to be on abducted children or those forced or coerced into fighting. When asked, however, many children and young people themselves say that they volunteered. Moreover, when negotiating the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on involvement of children in armed conflict, some governments claimed the right to continue to recruit volunteers under the age of 18 and indeed still do so, although others have raised their minimum age for recruitment.

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Haikal Mubarak, Songgi Mardiansah, Agustinus Manurung, and Hadi Purnomo. "International Legal Protection of Child Soldiers in Areas of Armed Conflict." Formosa Journal of Sustainable Research 3, no. 4 (2024): 875–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/fjsr.v3i4.8959.

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International legal protection of child soldiers in areas of armed conflict is a major concern on the global human rights agenda. The Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Additional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict have provided an important legal framework in efforts to protect children from recruitment and use in armed conflict. However, implementation and enforcement of laws often face complex challenges, including non-compliance by parties involved in the conflict, social and economic factors, and limited legal and security institutional capacity in affect

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4

Dennis, Michael J. "Newly Adopted Protocols to the Convention on the Rights of the Child." American Journal of International Law 94, no. 4 (2000): 789–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2589806.

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On May 25,2000, the United Nations General Assembly adopted by consensus two Protocols to the Convention on the Rights of the Child: the Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (Children in Armed Conflict Protocol) and the Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Pornography and Child Prostitution (Sale of Children Protocol).1 These instruments represent major advances in the international effort to strengthen and enforce norms for the protection of the most vulnerable children, who desperately need the world's attention. The Children in Armed Conflict Protocol deals realistic

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Bilotsky, Sergiy, and Ivan Krainii. "INTERNATIONAL LEGAL REGULATION OF PREVENTING THE INVOLVEMENT OF CHILDREN IN ARMED CONFLICT." Actual Problems of International Relations, no. 159 (2024): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/apmv.2024.159.1.80-85.

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The article is devoted to defining the essence and peculiarities of application of the norms of international law in cases of involvement of children in armed conflicts. The article establishes that in the course of development of international law, a number of international instruments, both legally binding and non-binding, have been adopted in order to minimize the risks to which children involved in armed conflicts are exposed. Such instruments pay special attention to the issue of the minimum age of children involved in hostilities and the types of actions that should be prevented in this

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Hýbnerová, Stanislava. "Ochrana práv dítěte za ozbrojeného konfliktu." AUC IURIDICA 55, no. 4 (2025): 69–84. https://doi.org/10.14712/23366478.2024.37.

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The aim of this contribution is to examine the applicability and effectiveness of the norms of IHL and human rights relating to children in armed conflict situation. The question must be asked and answered in the context where the nature of armed conflicts has undergone profound changes since the 83 major international treaties, such as the 1949 Geneva Conventions and 1977 Geneva Protocols, were drafted. New armed conflicts; international as well as non-international are conducted in ways that have a profound, devastating impact on children, both as civilians and combatants. Question is, how d

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7

Happold, Matthew. "The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict." Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law 3 (December 2000): 226–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1389135900000635.

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On 25 May 2000, the United Nations General Assembly, adopted, without a vote, the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (‘the Optional Protocol’). The adoption of the Optional Protocol was the culmination of a long process, extending over some ten years and originating in the dissatisfaction felt by a number of states and NGOs at the level of protection afforded to children by the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child (‘the CRC’). The Optional Protocol marks a significant step towards the prohibition of the recruitm

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8

Coomaraswamy, Radhika. "The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict – Towards Universal Ratification." International Journal of Children's Rights 18, no. 4 (2010): 535–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181810x527978.

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AbstractThe changing nature of modern warfare has increasingly exposed children, both boys and girls, to direct involvement in armed conflict. In order to bring this horrible practice to a halt, the international community ten years ago adopted the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict, establishing eighteen as the minimum age for compulsory recruitment and participation in hostilities. This article presents an overview of the legislative history, legal framework and key provisions of the Optional Protocol. It also discu

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9

Yun, Seira. "Breaking Imaginary Barriers." Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies 5, no. 1-2 (2014): 213–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18781527-00501008.

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This paper seeks to clarify the confusions regarding the relationships between international human rights law and international humanitarian law, the principle of equality of belligerents, and the use of the term “should” in treaties. For this purpose, it examines, as a case study, the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict, on which doctrine is divided whether Article 4(1) thereof is binding on armed non-State actors. First, this paper reconceptualizes international humanitarian law as a subset of international human rig

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10

Helle, Daniel. "Optional Protocol on the involvement of children in armed conflict to the Convention on the Rights of the Child." Revue Internationale de la Croix-Rouge/International Review of the Red Cross 82, no. 839 (2000): 797. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1560775500184731.

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Gašparić, Asea. "LIABILITY AND PROTECTION OF CHILD SOLDIERS UNDER INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW." Dijete i obitelj u suvremenom društvu 1, no. 2 (2024): 119–35. https://doi.org/10.25234/dosd/31538.

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The issue of child soldiers within the realm of international law presents a complex and multifaceted challenge, encompassing considerations of human rights, humanitarian law, and the protection of vulnerable populations - children. This article delves into the legal framework and debates regarding child soldiers in international law, analysing key international instruments such as the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and its Optional Protocol, the Rome Statute, and the Protocols Additional to the Geneva Conventions. At the heart of the discussion lies the tension between viewing child

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Ohanisian, T. V. "Rehabilitation and social adaptation of war-affected children: legal guarantees and mechanisms of implementation." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 2 (April 29, 2025): 304–12. https://doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2025.02.42.

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The rehabilitation and social adaptation of children affected by war is an important area of state policy and legal regulation. The military actions in Ukraine have led to massive violations of children’s rights, particularly their rights to security, housing, education, and medical care. State policy in the field of protecting children affected by war requires improvement, especially in expanding legal mechanisms for their rehabilitation and social integration. This article analyzes international and national legal standards regulating child protection, including the UN Convention on the Righ

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Oharisi, Edafe Pedro. "An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Child Rights Protection Laws in Nigeria." Global Journal of Politics and Law Research 13, no. 3 (2025): 67–121. https://doi.org/10.37745/gjplr.2013/vol13n367121.

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In 1984, the campaign against child abuse in Africa was commenced vigorously by Africa Network for the Prevention and Protection against Child Abuse and Neglect (ANPPCAN). The organization held conferences, considered the dimensions of child abuse and came up with Protocols and Treaties, protecting African children from all forms of abuse Thirty-Four years after, child abuse is still prevalent in our society. The aim of this work is to examine the effectiveness of child protection legislation in Nigeria. The dimensions of child abuse in Nigeria and the provisions of some International Child pr

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Breen, Claire. "The Role of NGOs in the Formulation of and Compliance with the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict." Human Rights Quarterly 25, no. 2 (2003): 453–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hrq.2003.0012.

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15

Singer, Sandra. "The protection of children during armed conflict situations." International Review of the Red Cross 26, no. 252 (1986): 133–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400022804.

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We have looked at the protection offered to children in conflict situations by the Fourth Geneva Convention of 1949 and the Additional Protocols of 1977. The principle that children are particularly vulnerable and in need of special protection has been developed in these provisions.When the idea of a Convention on the Rights of the Child was first put forward there were debates about whether this was the best way to proceed. The International Union for Child Welfare expressed reservations about the Polish draft proposal stressing the legal difference between a Declaration and a Convention. Alt

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16

Robinson, Robbie JA. "The Right of Child Victims of Armed Conflict to Reintegration and Recovery." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 15, no. 1 (2017): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2012/v15i1a2456.

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Article 39 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child provides for the right to recovery and reintegration of child victims of armed conflict. In this publication an explanation is tendered of when children are considered to be victims of armed conflict. Specific reference is made to the question of whether or not a former child soldier may be viewed as such a child victim. In addition the question is addressed of how a monist or dualist approach in terms of which treaty law is incorporated into municipal law influences the rights of child victims in terms of article 39 of the Convention of

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17

Amann, Diane Marie. "The Child Rights Convention and International Criminal Justice." Nordic Journal of International Law 84, no. 2 (2015): 248–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718107-08402005.

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This article examines interrelations between the Convention on the Rights of the Child, adopted in 1989, and the revival of international criminal justice that began just a few years later. Particular attention is paid to the work of the International Criminal Court as it concerns children affected by armed conflict and similar violence.

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18

Chernobuk, V. "International legal standards for the protection of children’s rights in the conditions of armed conflicts." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 3 (July 18, 2023): 437–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2023.03.79.

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In the article, the author outlined international legal standards for the protection of children’s rights in armed conflicts. The main problem for considering this topic is that in the modern world there are many armed conflicts, the nature and qualification of which is becoming more and more difficult to determine. Firstly, it is connected with the complication of the subject structure of the participants of the armed conflict, secondly, with the emergence of other such forms of influence on the conduct of the armed conflict, such as, for example, the implementation of “effective control” by

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19

Arcaro Conci, Luiz Guilherme, and Konstantin Gerber. "Conventionality Standards for Children in Conflict Zones: Colombian Case study." Opinión Jurídica 17, no. 35 (2018): 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22395/ojum.v17n35a7.

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The main objective of this paper is to identify the multilevel perspective of hu-man rights protection for children in armed conflicts. For that, the pro persona or pro homine principle may be applied. It consists of an interpretative instru-ment provided by art. 29 of the American Convention of Human Rights and by art. 41 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The present analysis tackles distinct levels of protection, both at an international level and at the national level in Colombia and uses the pro homine principle to resolve eventual conflicts between the International Human Righ

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20

Juwita Leovani and Andrey Sujatmoko. "PERLINDUNGAN HAK ANAK DALAM KONFLIK BERSENJATA DI KONGO BERDASARKAN CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD 1989." Reformasi Hukum Trisakti 6, no. 3 (2024): 973–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/refor.v6i3.21040.

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The armed conflict, particularly in the Eastern Congo regions of North Kivu, South Kivu and Ituri, has led to many violations of children's rights. 14.9 million children have been most severely affected by this conflict. There are violations in terms of recruitment, use, detention, abduction, physical and sexual violence, attacks on schools and health facilities. The formulation of the problem of this article is what forms of violations of children's rights in the armed conflict that occurred in Congo based on the UNCRC 1989 and how efforts should be made by Congo in protecting children's righ

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21

Gondal, Sana Taha. "Protection of Children Participating in Hostilities under International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Law: Issues of Compliance by Non-State Actors." Journal of Law & Social Studies 2, no. 2 (2020): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.52279/jlss.02.02.6672.

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Children enjoy legal protection under international humanitarian law and international human rights law. In situations of armed conflict, children are granted not only general protection as civilians, but special protection as children. Several legal provisions exist in the Geneva Conventions and its Additional Protocols, along with the Convention on the Rights of Child and its Second Optional Protocol on Children in Armed Conflicts. However, despite the current legal framework providing protective rights to children, there are serious issues of compliance by non-state actors, particularly in

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22

Lee, Yanghee. "Communications procedure under the Convention on the Rights of the Child: 3rd Optional Protocol." International Journal of Children's Rights 18, no. 4 (2010): 567–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181810x527239.

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AbstractThe adoption of the Convention on the Rights of the Child by the UN General Assembly in 1989 marked a shift in paradigm from viewing children as the possession of parents and objects of welfare to individuals with rights. At the outset of the second millennium, two optional protocols to the Convention (Optional Protocol on Children in Armed Conflict and Optional Protocol on Sale of Children, Child Prostitution, Child Pornography) were adopted in 2000. The need for a communications procedure was suggested from the very beginning of the drafting process. This article will discuss develop

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Dubovyk, Kateryna. "Protection of Children’s Rights in International Humanitarian Law." 1, no. 1 (November 28, 2022): 88–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/1727-6667-2022-1-07.

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The article focuses on the protection of children’s rights in international humanitarian law. All over the world, thousands of children are exposed to the dangers of armed conflict. Children are recruited into the civil militia, ranks of the state army, and other military formations. Many children are abducted from schools, streets, and their homes. Some «voluntarily» join the ranks of military formations because they have no alternative: the reason for this is discrimination, numerous restrictions, poverty and other factors. Specialists in legal issues emphasize the need to prohibit the invol

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Meher, Rajesh Kumar. "Child Combatants of the Maoist People’s Liberation Army (PLA) in Nepal: A Human Rights Perspective, 1996–2013." Jadavpur Journal of International Relations 21, no. 1 (2017): 41–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973598417707012.

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The study analyzes involvement of children in the decade-long Maoist armed conflict in Nepal, an issue of grave human rights violations. An armed conflict affects all sections of the society irrespective of caste, class, gender, region, and religion. However, children have been one of the most vulnerable groups in the Maoist conflict in Nepal. The decade-long Maoist conflict in Nepal has various implications on children such as disruption of education, separation from families, killing and maiming, illegal detention, disability resulting from the conflict, etc. Thus, there has been gross human

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Diniz, Veridiana Bessa Franciozo, and Jody Lynn McBrien. "Children and Drug Trafficking in Brazil: Can International Humanitarian Law Provide Protections for Children Involved in Drug Trafficking?" Societies 12, no. 6 (2022): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc12060183.

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Brazil has seen a rise in children in narco-trafficking due to increased conflicts between factions and local law enforcement. Mainstream media and scholars tend to frame actions of these factions as organized crime, ignoring the generalized violence the communities and children experience. The aim of this study is to conduct a scoping review to consider whether or not Brazilian children involved in drug trafficking can be classified as child soldiers. Drawing from the international definition of Armed Conflict in Article 3 of the Geneva Convention of 1949 and Article 1 of the Additional Proto

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Rahman, Rifkah Anniza, Syamsuddin Muhammad Noor, Abdul Maasba Magassing, and Iin Karita Sakharina. "Ensuring Child Protection in Armed Conflict: an International Legal Perspective Under SDG 16." Journal of Lifestyle and SDGs Review 5, no. 3 (2025): e04820. https://doi.org/10.47172/2965-730x.sdgsreview.v5.n03.pe04820.

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Objective: This study aims to analyze how international legal provisions define and protect children’s rights during armed conflicts, highlighting its relevance to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 16 on “Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions.” Theoretical Framework: The research draws on international human rights and humanitarian law instruments, notably the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Geneva Conventions, emphasizing the non-combatant status of children and their entitlement to protection from violence, intimidation, and exploitation. Method: Adopting a normative legal a

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Maulana, Rifqi Arif. "HAK PENDIDIKAN ANAK KORBAN PERANG IRAK TAHUN 2003 BERDASARKAN KONVENSI TENTANG HAK ANAK." SUPREMASI HUKUM 18, no. 2 (2023): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33592/jsh.v18i2.2500.

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Children as one of the vulnerable groups who became victims of the war in the armed conflicts of the United States and Iraq in 2003 still have the right to education that should not be ignored. The international community has recognized the right to education as an international right where this arrangement has been stated in the convention on the rights of the child which has been agreed by various countries around the world. This writing aims to analyze the practice of protecting children's education rights based on the convention on children's rights using normative juridical methods so tha

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Field, Sarah M. "UN Security Council Resolutions Concerning Children Affected by Armed Conflict: In Whose ‘Best Interest’?" International Journal of Children’s Rights 21, no. 1 (2013): 127–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718182-5680023.

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The agreement by the Security Council to adopt thematic resolutions on children is a powerful expression of our collective commitment to children and their rights: specifically to ensuring children’s right to protection from serious violations of international law. Still history is replete with examples of protectionism by powerful decision-makers; not all follow a rights-based approach as entrenched within international human rights law. The objective of this paper is to investigate the decision-making processes and related outcomes of the Security Council from the perspective of internationa

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Dahlial, Fauzi, Ramza Fatria Maulana, and Sri Yunarti. "Child Protection in International Law: Synergy between CRC, Humanitarian Law, and Human Rights." RIGGS: Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Business 4, no. 1 (2025): 410–16. https://doi.org/10.31004/riggs.v4i1.424.

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This study examines child protection from the perspective of international law, focusing on the synergy between three principal instruments: the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), International Humanitarian Law (IHL), and Human Rights (HR). Although each framework has distinct characteristics, they complement one another in ensuring the fulfillment and protection of children's rights, both in times of peace and during armed conflict. The CRC provides a comprehensive normative framework emphasizing the best interests of the child, whereas IHL specifically regulates the protection of c

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Kadukha, I. V. "Protection of children’s rights to health care in the context of armed conflict: national and international law aspects." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 2 (April 28, 2025): 1189–93. https://doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2025.02.179.

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The article examines the realization of children’s right to health care during wartime, highlighting the key challenges posed by armed conflict. These challenges include restricted access to medical services, destruction of healthcare infrastructure, and increased psychosocial burdens on children affected by war. The study analyzes Ukrainian legislation in the field of children’s health care and its alignment with international standards, particularly the provisions of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. Emphasis is placed on the principle of the best interests of the child, which se

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Ghalib Ali MAAROUF, Akram. "INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION OF CHILDREN DURING INTERNAL ARMED CONFLICTS." RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 6 (2022): 186–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.20.11.

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Children have become one of the most vulnerable classes to harm، especially life risks، in light of the anxious security conditions and the processes of internal armed conflict. Perhaps one of the most dangerous circumstances is the lack of respect for the principles of international humanitarian law، which provided protective rules for civilians and civilian objects during armed conflicts، and by virtue of the physical and mental nature of children has become These people need special protection rules for them. In fact، that protection was codified in the four Geneva Conventions of 1949، the

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Yin, Mark. "Ascribed Agency, Denied Influence." International Journal of Children’s Rights 32, no. 4 (2024): 998–1026. https://doi.org/10.1163/15718182-32040008.

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Abstract Following McMellon and Tisdall’s (2020) literature review on children’s participation rights, as embodied in the Convention on the Rights of the Child, Article 12, this narrative review considers how access to these rights is affected by children’s involvement in the criminal justice system. Based on 30 papers relating to youth participation in youth justice, it is argued that adult-driven narratives of criminalised children as “risky”, “self-interested” or “vulnerable” variously undermine their right to be heard, while children’s narratives about themselves are often neglected. This

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Maksymovych, Roman, Alina Zamula, Ilkin Nurullaiev, Taras Bogdashevskyi, and Artem Barinov. "The Role of the Welfare State in Reintegrating the Rights of Women and Children in the Period of Armed Conflict: International Legal Aspect." Journal of Lifestyle and SDGs Review 5, no. 3 (2025): e04161. https://doi.org/10.47172/2965-730x.sdgsreview.v5.n03.pe04161.

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Objective: This research aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the impacts of military conflicts on vulnerable societal groups — women and children. Theoretical Framework: Women and children bear the burden of conflict and are often subjected to violence, loss of property and breadwinners, and threats to their health. Method: The general structure of the study includes theoretical information, analysis of the international legal context, practical examples and conclusions on the effectiveness of welfare state measures in reintegrating the rights of women and children during armed conflic

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Khdir, Rebaz R. "Child Recruitment and Use during Armed Conflicts by Muslims between International Law and Islamic Law." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 18, no. 26 (2022): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n26p108.

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Child recruitment is an ancient military concept but a modern legal term. The term is defined as a war crime and includes the acts of conscription, enrolment or use of children below the age of 15 during armed conflict. According to the 2018 report of the UN Secretary General, most of the violations documented against children during armed conflicts, in 2017, were perpetrated by Muslims and the majority of the violations were the cases of military recruitment and use. Meanwhile, Islam guarantees the human rights of children and safeguards their protection from military involvement. The Islamic

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Rasakandan, Siwnan, and Pardis Moslemzadeh Tehrani. "Protection of Children from Recruitment and Use in Armed Conflict: Role of International Legal Framework." Journal of Politics and Law 15, no. 4 (2022): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v15n4p230.

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One of the most worrying developments in recent times is the act of recruitment and use of children in armed conflicts. This article examines the law relating to this phenomenon. The relevant law is found in five different treaties: Additional Protocol I; Additional Protocol II; Convention on the Rights of Child (CRC), Optional Protocol to CRC (OPAC); and the Rome Statute. Analysis shows that Additional Protocols I and II, CRC and the Rome Statute protect children, fundamentally by prohibiting the recruitment and use of under 15 children in hostilities, meanwhile the OPAC has raised the recrui

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Lindkvist, Linde. "1979: a Year of the Child, but Not of Children’s Human Rights." Diplomatica 1, no. 2 (2019): 202–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25891774-00102004.

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This article explores the diplomatic contestations over children’s rights in connection to the International Year of the Child (iyc) of 1979. At the time, the Year was celebrated as an outstanding success, an event which helped to heighten social and political awareness of the status of children in both developing and industrialized countries, and which brought to light a plethora of new global issues, including street children, children with disabilities and children in armed conflict. Today, the iyc is frequently reduced to a plotting point in histories charting the rise of an international

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Rіabovol, L. "FORMATION OF A SAFE SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF ARMED CONFLICTS AS A REQUIREMENT / RECOMMENDATION OF THE UN." Scientific Notes Series Law 1, no. 12 (2022): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.36550/2522-9230-2022-12-164-170.

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The article analyzes the documents of the United Nations (UN) (declarations, conventions, resolutions) to establish requirements / recommendations to create a safe school environment. It is established that the UN attaches great importance to the issue of full realization of the right to education and the creation of a safe school environment in general and in particular in armed conflicts and in the post-conflict period. This is confirmed by the developed set of documents enshrining the right to education (Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), International Covenant on Economic, Socia

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Cosialls, Ubach Andrés Miguel. "Protección de la Infancia en Conflictos Armados: Resolución 2764 (2024) del Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas." Boletín CODESEL 1, no. 1 (2025): 3. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15039474.

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Review of <em>Child Protection in Armed Conflicts: UN Security Council Resolution 2764 (2024)</em> The article by Andrés Cosialls provides a thorough examination of <strong>United Nations Security Council Resolution 2764 (2024)</strong> and its implications for child protection in armed conflicts. The resolution reinforces the international community’s commitment to safeguarding children affected by warfare, condemning severe violations such as <strong>child recruitment, sexual violence, attacks on schools and hospitals, and the denial of humanitarian access</strong>. Cosialls eff

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Sus, Yulia S., and Kateryna V. Bilousova. "TO THE ISSUE OF PROTECTING THE RIGHTS OF CHILDREN IN THE CONDITIONS OF MARTIAL LAW." Ukrainian educational and scientific medical space, no. 1 (July 16, 2024): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31612/3041-1548.1.2024.01.

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The aim. The purpose of this study is to conduct an analysis of violations of children's rights in the context of armed conflict on the territory of Ukraine in order to determine ways to improve the regulatory and legal mechanisms for their protection. Materials and methods. To achieve the goal of the work, general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge are used. The formal-legal method was applied to the analysis of legal acts regulating the protection of children's rights. Thanks to the application of this method, the formulation of legal norms, their legal technique, the con

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Anggreini, Rini, Budi Bahreisy, and Nurmalawaty. "Optimizing Aceh’s Traditional Institutions to Provide Legal Protection for Children in Legal Conflict." Acta Law Journal 3, no. 1 (2024): 37–50. https://doi.org/10.32734/alj.v3i1.18968.

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Children as the next generation of our nation, play a crucial role in the development and sustainability of a country. Society aspires to have children who are healthy, intelligent, cheerful, and assured of their survival and growth. However, the social reality often tells a different story, as many children must navigate the legal system for various reasons. Law Number 11 of 2012, concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System, introduces the concept of diversion. This concept aims to protect Children in Legal Conflict by shifting the resolution of their cases from the judicial process to an

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Maria Virginia G. Aguilar and Allen Cassey S. Gumiran. "ON LOWERING THE AGE OF CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY: PERSPECTIVES FROM PHILIPPINE LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS." Journal of BIMP-EAGA Regional Development 6, no. 1 (2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.51200/jbimpeagard.v6i1.3116.

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The proposal to amend the minimum age of criminal responsibility has elicited polarized reactions in the Philippines. On one side are the politicians led by President Duterte, who are behind a bill lowering the age of criminal responsibility from 15 to 9 for two reasons: school-age thieves and drug-runners must be “taught responsibility” and that the Juvenile Justice and Welfare Law is “soft” in dealing with children in conflict with the law (CICL). On the other side are human rights advocates vehemently opposing the bill on the ground that studies in the social sciences link emotional and men

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Riga, O., J. Marston, M. Khaustov, V. Myasoedov, A. Penkov, and R. Marabyan. "ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROGRAM OF PALLIATIVE ASSISTANCE FOR CHILDREN OF THE KHARKIV REGION THROUTH THE CHALLENGES OF THE MILITARY CONFLICT." Neonatology, surgery and perinatal medicine 8, no. 3(49) (2023): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2413-4260.xiii.3.49.2023.1.

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In the context of armed confl ict, palliative care, pain management, and care for the dying and bereaved require increasedand urgent attention. The devastating humanitarian crisis in Ukraine makes these issues even more critical. In 2021, a projectworking group was created in the Kharkiv region to prepare the program for the implementation of palliative care for childrenin the Kharkiv region. The main reasons for the imperfect development of pediatric palliative care in Kharkiv region were somepoints such as: lack of a systematic vision of the organization of pediatric palliative care services

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Ghulam, Mohammad Qanet, Nabil Navid, and Rahmani Kambiz. "THE HOUTHI MILITIAS RECRUITMENT AND USE OF CHILD SOLDIERS: LEGAL CONSEQUENCES AND CHALLENGES." May 2, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15328196.

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<em>The recruitment and use of child soldiers by Houthi militias in armed conflict present significant legal and humanitarian challenges. This paper examines the legal implications of these actions, focusing on the applicable international legal framework and the potential avenues for accountability. International Humanitarian Law (IHL) and International Human Rights Law (IHRL) unequivocally prohibit the recruitment and use of children under the age of 18 in armed forces. These prohibitions are enshrined in treaties such as the Geneva Conventions Additional Protocols; Convention on the Rights

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Yun, Seira. "Breaking Imaginary Barriers: Obligations of Armed Non-State Actors Under General Human Rights Law – the Case of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child." Brill, January 1, 2014. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.812812.

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This paper seeks to clarify the confusions regarding the relationships between international human rights law and international humanitarian law, the principle of equality of belligerents, and the use of the term "should" in treaties. For this purpose, it examines, as a case study, the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict, on which doctrine is divided whether Article 4(1) thereof is binding on armed non-State actors. First, this paper reconceptualizes international humanitarian law as a subset of international human rig

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"Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child concerning involvement of children in armed conflicts." International Review of the Red Cross 38, no. 322 (1998): 107–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002086040009080x.

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"Appendix III: Draft Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflicts." Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights 18, no. 1 (2000): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/092405190001800111.

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"United Nations General Assembly: Optional Protocols to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict and on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography." International Legal Materials 39, no. 6 (2000): 1285–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020782900009335.

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Glos, Aleksandra. "Children's right to play in times of war." Bioethics, November 8, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bioe.13232.

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AbstractThis paper discusses children's right to play and its bioethical importance for children affected by war. Against the background of the current military conflicts, it analyses physical, psychological, and institutional factors that limit children's right to play in a situation involving armed conflict. Considering that the lack of institutional support of play for children affected by war constitutes a failure to fulfil our societal and political obligation under Article 31 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, this paper analyses the understanding of play adopte

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Forde, Louise, and Ursula Kilkelly. "Children and police questioning: A rights-based approach." Criminology & Criminal Justice, March 23, 2023, 174889582311614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17488958231161423.

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Under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, children in conflict with the law are entitled to dignity and respect for their rights within a youth justice system adapted to their age and circumstances. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child recognises the necessity of ensuring that children’s rights are protected during the criminal process, emphasising the importance of legal advice, information and support to enable their participation in the process. Police questioning can be a particularly difficult experience for children, given their vulnerability and

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Dr., Hilal Ahmad Wanie. "Armed Conflict and its Impact on Children: A Study of Kashmir Valley." March 20, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15055074.

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For the security of the child's endurance, advancement and prosperity, The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) gives a worldwide sanction. The state of Jammu and Kashmir has been witnessing an armed conflict since 1989.The Children of this state are one of the most worst affected group. They have not only witnessed as indirect victims of the war but have been at the receiving end of targeted violence of the state.  The nature of the conflict of the state is such that the exposure to actual armed conflict is limited, but its impact and consequences on the lives of children are enor

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