Books: 'Conventional bank'

1

Solé, Juan. Introducing islamic banks into conventional banking systems. [Washington, D.C.]: International Monetary Fund, Monetary and Capital Markets Dept., 2007.

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2

World, Bank Land Water and Natural Habitats Division. Desertification: Implementing the Convention : a World Bank view. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 1994.

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3

Akinjide, Richard. The Lome Convention: Bane or blessing to ACP countries? [London]: [s.n.], 1987.

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4

1982-, Coughlin Natalie, ed. Golden girl: How Natalie Coughlin fought back, challenged conventional wisdom, and became America's olympic champion. Emmaus, Pa: Rodale, 2006.

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5

The second constitutional convention: How the American people can take back their government. Versailles, Ky: Marley and Beck Press, 2000.

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6

Perlman, Adam. Own your health: The best of alternative & conventional medicine : pain, back pain, arthritis, migraines, joint pain and more. Deerfield Beach, FL: Health Communications, 2006.

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7

Lee, Kang Yeun. Performance of fast frequency-hopped noncoherent MFSK conventional and self-normalization receivers over Rician- and Rayleigh-faded channel with partial-band interference. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1991.

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8

Suginaka, Atsushi. U.S. public opinion on global warming: Bringing the United States back to the international framework. Cambridge, MA (1033 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge 02138): Program on U.S.-Japan Relations, Harvard University, 2003.

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9

Will the administration implement the Kyoto Protocol through the back door?: Hearing before the Subcommittee on National Economic Growth, Natural Resources, and Regulatory Affairs of the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifth Congress, second session, October 9, 1998. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1999.

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10

Harahap, M. Yahya. Arbitrase: Ditinjau dari Reglemen Acara Perdata (Rv), Peraturan prosedur BANI, International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), UNCITRAL arbitration rules, Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreing [sic] Arbitral Award, PERMA no. 1 tahun 1990. 2nd ed. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2001.

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11

Lawal, Ibrahim Mohammed. Bank Lending Products & Securities: A Conventional & Islamic Banking Approach. IISTE, 2018.

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12

Siklos, Pierre L. The Over-Burdened Central Bank and the Shift Away from Autonomy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190228835.003.0005.

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Many central banks took on additional responsibilities. Inadequate self-assessments remain unfinished almost a decade after the crisis erupted. Government-central bank relationships need to be conditioned on whether times are normal versus crisis conditions. Transparency confronts ambiguity when central banks must communicate the outlook and the conditionality of their decisions. Forward guidance was taken too far and ended up being futile. Central bankers simply exhausted their ability to influence behavior through mere words or ambiguous statements. This is a self-inflicted wound for institutions that are seen as overburdened. These forces leave central banking more vulnerable than is commonly acknowledged. Squaring the conventional objectives of monetary policy with the unclear aims of financial stability is difficult. Adequate limitations on the authority of central banks have yet to be thoroughly debated. We are nowhere near resolving the inherent tensions between old and new sets of central bank objectives.

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13

Siklos, Pierre L. When Finance and the Real Economy Collide. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190228835.003.0002.

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There exist potential conflicts between the processing speed of financial markets and the persistence of macroeconomic variables that dictate the conduct of monetary policy. Maintaining financial stability can require fast thinking, while monetary policy decisions involve slow thinking. A financial stability motive, buttressed by a macroprudential regime, is not enough. Financial stability adds complexity to institutional design that policymakers have yet to face up to. Central banks today are uncomfortable about whether to surprise financial markets. There are more examples of central banks failing unintentionally, surprising the financial markets, than of successful interventions of this kind. Trade-offs between monetary policy and financial stability suggest that conventional pre-crisis responses to economic shocks make it less desirable to resort to changes in central bank policy rates. Are policy rate increases especially too blunt an instrument to deal with a threat to financial instability? Possibly less than we think.

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14

St John, Taylor. Intergovernmental Discussion and Ratification of ICSID. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789918.003.0006.

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Chapter five analyzes initial state responses to the idea of ICSID. The Bank invited states to send legal experts, even if these individuals were not government officials. Despite their shared methods and language, these experts-designate expressed a variety of views about investor–state arbitration during the consultative conferences. Some experts from capital-importing states were convinced by the Bank’s argument that joining ICSID would improve their investment climate, but many questioned this argument. While the Bank argued that ICSID merely institutionalized existing practice, many experts-designate found the Convention’s potential legal implications unsettling. Several experts-designate expressed concern about the consequences of elevating investors to equal standing with states. Others, especially in the Asian consultative conference, were concerned about public policy implications, and in particular that the Convention might constrain domestic policymaking. Many experts-designate sought tighter limits on the Convention’s jurisdiction, and the Bank relied on the Convention’s double-consent requirement to assuage these concerns.

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15

Ammi, Chantal, Faten Ben Bouheni, and Aldo Levy. Banking Governance, Performance and Risk-Taking: Conventional Banks vs Islamic Banks. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2016.

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16

Antonio R, Parra. 2 Origins of the Convention. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198767466.003.0002.

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This chapter looks at the immediate origins of the ICSID Convention, in the years 1955-1962. It discusses the proposed multilateral approaches to the promotion of private foreign investment, the World Bank’s consideration of proposals, the role of “Black’s Bank” in the settlement of investment disputes and the Bank begins to work on the initiative.

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17

Bank, European Investment, ed. Financing facilities under the fourth Lome Convention. [Brussels]: EIB, 1991.

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18

Financing facilities under the Fourth Lomé Convention. Luxembourg: European Investment Bank, 1991.

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19

Borenstein, David. Back in Control: A Conventional and Complementary Prescription for Eliminating Back Pain. M. Evans and Company, Inc., 2001.

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20

William, Blair, Brent Richard, and Grant Tom, eds. Banks and Financial Crime. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198716587.001.0001.

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Financial crime is an important and topical area. Concerns over money laundering have grown considerably since links with terrorist organisations have become more apparent in recent years. This revised and updated new edition provides a guide for banks to their regulatory responsibilities, their private law duties, their liabilities to third parties and their obligations to assist persons seeking the recovery of assets (including regulatory bodies within and without the jurisdiction). It also sets the relevant law in its national and international policy context and assesses the current state of this body of law in that context. In the years following the publication of the first edition of Banks and Financial Crime the legal regime against money laundering, terrorist financing, and financial sanctions has not diminished in importance for financial institutions. Indeed, the reverse is the case. In 2012, HSBC paid US authorities a record fine of £1.2 billion for laundering billions of dollars; powers under existing legislation have been exercised for the first time; and there have been significant new developments at the international level. This second edition addresses recent practice under the main international conventions, including the Sixth Session of the Conference of the Parties to the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (October 2012) and the forthcoming Fifth Session of the Conference of States Parties to the UN Convention against Corruption (November 2013). Throughout, the book has been updated to incorporate new developments at the international level; in statute and case law; and in the regulation of financial institutions. It also provides a further assessment of the extent to which there has emerged an international law of tainted money to complement the emergence of an international financial system.

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21

Freilich, Charles D. Israel’s New Strategic Setting. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190602932.003.0003.

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Chapter 2 analyzes the changes in Israel’s strategic environment in recent decades and presents an overview thereof today. Israel no longer faces existential threats or major conventional ones, the Arab world is in crisis, and the primary threat it now poses stems from its weakness. Peace with Egypt and Jordan is a strategic boon. Conversely, the de facto annexation of the West Bank negates the strategic depth provided by the 1967 borders and incorporates Palestinian terrorism into Israel itself. Acquisition of additional territory has become a liability, and military decision is hard to achieve without it. Hezbollah and Hamas have become significant threats, Iran a major one. The prospects for peace with the Palestinians are meager for now, and it is unclear whether the conflict with them is resolvable. The United States remains the primary player for Israel, but its decreasing regional stature affects its security adversely, as does Russia’s increasing influence.

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22

Campbell, Anthony. Beating Back Pain Through Conventional and Complementary Methods (Options for Health). Mitchell Beazley, 2004.

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23

St John, Taylor. Supranational Agenda-Setting. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789918.003.0005.

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Chapter four sets out the context in which the World Bank proposed ICSID and analyzes the Bank’s motivation, resources, and strategy in doing so. World Bank officials had extensive access to privileged information about how governments perceived the proposals for multilateral insurance or a code. World Bank officials chose to set the agenda away from a code or insurance agency and toward arbitration. As they drafted the ICSID Convention, World Bank officials acted within parameters they believed national officials (who could stop their plans) would find acceptable and tailored their Draft Convention to be amenable to the widest possible swath of member states. Bank officials were concerned that distributional disagreements would derail the proposal, so they designed an entirely new, consultative procedure in order to make it nearly impossible for states to derail the drafting process.

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24

Howard, Nigel. Alternative Answers to Back Problems: The Complete Conventional and Alternative Guide to Treating Back Pain (Alternative Answers to). Readers Digest, 2000.

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25

Stuart, Casey-Maslen, Clapham Andrew, Giacca Gilles, and Parker Sarah. Art.25 Reservations. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198723523.003.0029.

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This chapter discusses the reservations of the party states to the obligations of the ATT which are covered by Article 25 of the ATT. Customary international law permits reservations to be formulated unless they are incompatible with the object and purpose of a treaty; this provision in ATT reaffirms that position. It differs from certain other disarmament treaties, such as the 1992 Chemical Weapons Convention, the 1997 Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention, and the 2008 Conventions on Cluster Munitions, none of which permit any reservations to their provisions. As of November 2015, no reservations sensu stricto had been made by states parties to the ATT to that treaty’s provisions. Article 25 potentially relates to all other provisions in the ATT; any reservations to the obligations set out in Articles 6 or 7 would probably be unlawful.

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26

Antonio R, Parra. 5 Finalizing the Text of the Convention. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198767466.003.0005.

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This chapter provides a detailed, stage-by-stage narrative of the drawing up of the text of the Convention between 1962 and 1965. The day after the adoption of the resolution, the President of the Bank addressed a letter to all member countries notifying them, as planned, that they could each designate a representative to serve on the committee of legal experts which would commence its work the next month. Enclosed with the President’s letter was a first Draft Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States (the First Draft). It was to serve as a working paper for the meetings of the committee. The chapter describes the First Draft, the meetings of the committee of legal experts and the concluding steps in the formulation of the Convention.

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27

United States. Dept. of the Treasury. Financial Crimes Enforcement Network., ed. Compendium of international anti-money laundering conventions and agreements. 3rd ed. [Washington]: Dept. of the Treasury, Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, 1996.

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28

Ince, Onur Ulas. ConclusionBringing the Economy Back In. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190637293.003.0006.

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This chapter recapitulates the theoretical conclusions of the book, highlights its contributions, and identifies the further lines of research that it opens up. It is argued that colonial capitalism offers a new perspective on liberalism and empire by shifting the focus from who the colonized are to what the colonizers do as an ideological challenge to the universal claims of liberalism. Secondly, colonial capitalism as an analytic frame can generate systematic explanations of how liberal thinkers parsed and ordered the variety of cultural differences between Europeans and non-Europeans, and why they emphasized certain differences over others as being more relevant for imperial justification or anti-imperial critique. Finally, it is maintained that introducing capitalism into the study of political theory in the imperial context pushes the boundaries of political theory more broadly to encompass questions, such as of dispossession and exploitation, conventionally relegated to critical social theory and political economy.

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29

Roy, Goode, Kronke Herbert, and McKendrick Ewan, eds. Part II A View Through Illustrative Contracts and Harmonizing Instruments, 11 International Bank Payment Undertakings. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198735441.003.0012.

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This chapter introduces the role of banks in financing international trade through documentary credits, demand guarantees, and standby credits. What is interesting is that with the exception of the UN Convention on Independent Guarantees and Stand-by Letters of Credit, all the instruments examined consist of rules promulgated by two non-lawmaking institutions and given effect by contractual incorporation into banking documents. The chapter depicts the unique legal characteristics of independent bank payment undertakings before going on to describe the principal features of documentary credits and demand guarantees and key provisions of the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (UCP 600), the Uniform Rules for Demand Guarantees (URDG 758), and the ICC Uniform Rules for Contract Bonds (URCB), all produced by the International Chamber of Commerce. The Rules on International Standby Practices (ISP98), issued by the Institute of International Banking Law and Practice, are also briefly described.

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30

Kline, Daniel, and Michael DePalma. Lumbar Disc Disorders. Edited by Mehul J. Desai. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199350940.003.0013.

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This chapter focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of discogenic low back pain. Discogenic low back pain is a prevalent condition that affects a large percentage of the adult population. Diagnosis and treatment of this condition remain challenging despite ongoing advances. Provocation lumbar discography has allowed for more accurate identification of painful discs than conventional imaging techniques. Current research focusing on regenerative treatment options may hold promise for the future.

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31

World Bank. Environment Department. Global Environment Division. and World Bank. Environment Department. Land, Water, and Natural Habitats Division., eds. Mainstreaming biodiversity in development: A World Bank assistance strategy for implementing the convention on biological diversity. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 1995.

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32

Huang, Yan. Implicature. Edited by Yan Huang. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199697960.013.7.

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The concept of implicature (both conversational and conventional) has its origin in the work of the late English philosopher H. P. Grice, though some proto-Gricean ideas can be traced back to classical times. Since its inception, the notion of conversational implicature has become one of the single most important pragmatic ideas in linguistics and the philosophy of language. It has spurred numerous new concepts such as explicature, the ‘pragmatically enriched said’, and impliciture in various neo- and post-Gricean enterprises. This chapter provides a critical overview of the current state of play in implicature (both conversational and conventional) and its related concepts in linguistics and the philosophy of language.

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33

Mohamed Naim, Asmadi, and Zairani Zainol. Islamic Banking Operations: Products and Services. UUM Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/9789670876030.

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Islamic Banking Operations: Products and Servicesaims to give insights on Islamic banking operations as well as assists readers to understand certain aspects of its products and services. This book provides an overview about the balance sheets for both conventional and Islamic banks, the deposits and financing activities as well as the Islamic trade finance products and instruments.

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34

Waltham-Smith, Naomi. Epilogue. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190662004.003.0007.

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Op. 111 marks the culmination of a process across the last three sonatas by which the trill acquires an increasing autonomy from its conventional ornamental function. Among the quartets, it is perhaps only the Grosse Fugue that matches the Arietta’s transformation of the trill. As the fugue subject is fragmented, the trill is cut off from its conventional resolution. Trills then begin to saturate every note in the texture such that their functional potential is entirely eclipsed by their conversion into pure sound. This enjoyment of the trill for its exclusively timbral quality, rather than its capacity to signify harmonic closure, harks back to Beethoven’s idiosyncratic overuse of superfluous ties in the syncopations of the fugal exposition, and in the ...

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35

Richard, Calnan. Part V Changing Words, 10 Principle 10: Estoppel by Convention. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198792307.003.0011.

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This chapter considers the circumstances in which one party to a contract can be prevented from relying on the words of the contract. If the parties to a contract have dealt with each other on the basis of a common understanding about the meaning or effect of the contract, that interpretation will bind them if it would be unjust to go back on it. The chapter discusses the principles concerned, and the test for the application of estoppel by convention. It also gives examples.

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36

Aloysius P, Llamzon. Part I Transnational Corruption and International Efforts at its Control, 4 International Efforts to Combat Corruption in Foreign Investment. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198714262.003.0004.

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This chapter discusses how various actors in the world community have sought to combat transnational corruption. The most important of these actors are, of course, States, and the discussion begins with the efforts of the US through the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. It then turns to the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention and the various regional instruments inspired by that treaty, culminating in the UN Convention Against Corruption. It considers efforts by multinational companies to institute norms and codes of conduct to guide their foreign investment relationships; and the response of international institutions, particularly the World Bank and international civil society. The chapter ends with an appraisal of the strengths and vagaries of the current regime of international anti-corruption law.

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37

Charles, Proctor. Part B Merger, Reorganization, and Insolvency of Banks, 14 The Liability of the Regulator. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199685585.003.0014.

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This chapter examines the potential liability of a regulator for negligent supervision of a failed institution and for certain other regulatory actions. It considers the consistency of immunity provisions with EU law; consistency of immunity provisions with the European Convention on Human Rights; the scope and effect of immunity provisions; and the cases on regulatory immunity which have arisen in common law jurisdictions.

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38

Birchall, Johnston. The Performance of Member-Owned Businesses Since the Financial Crisis of 2008. Edited by Jonathan Michie, Joseph R. Blasi, and Carlo Borzaga. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199684977.013.40.

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This chapter examines the performance of several types of member-owned businesses since the financial crisis. It summarizes evidence for three financial co-operative sectors (European co-operative banks, the worldwide credit union sector, and the UK building societies), finding that they have been less risky, more stable, and on a range of indicators more successful than conventional investor-owned banks. It then examines the performance of retail consumer co-operatives, insurance mutuals, retailer-owned wholesalers, and employee-owned businesses. The wider benefits of having a significant member-owned sector are then considered. The conclusion is that economic resilience cannot be taken for granted: it has to be competed for in each industry sector, and the results will vary depending on the extent to which, in each sector, they can realize the ‘co-operative advantage’.

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39

Beal, Amy C. Introduction. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036361.003.0001.

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This introductory chapter provides a background of Carla Bley and her music. Bley is a prolific and influential American composer. And though her career, which began in the 1950s, has taken place largely within the venues and institutions of the jazz world, her music is often characterized as Third Stream, postmodernist, or just plain experimental—these labels due in part to her ability to write conventional big-band charts as well as classically influenced chamber works. Her compositions fall into a number of overlapping categories: lead sheets and short jazz tunes designed for improvising, completely notated and orchestrated chamber music, big-band ensemble parts, and larger works containing multiple connected parts. Indeed, her oeuvre offers a staggering amount of variety, and for the most part, her compositional style is impossible to classify.

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40

Woloch, Isser. Lasting Political Structures. Edited by David Andress. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199639748.013.034.

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This chapter uses the 1940s—the Resistance, the Liberation, the post-war moment—as a vantage point for looking back at the French Revolution’s projects of representative democracy, decentralization, and recentralization. Among other things it considers the initial re-division of the national territory, changing administrative structures, the uses of elections, the strictures against political parties, and the permutations on these matters across successive post-revolutionary regimes. A final section offers a more conventional chronological account, from 1789 onward, of one of the Revolution’s most consequential innovations: systematic military conscription.

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41

Crawford, James, and Amelia Keene. The Structure of State Responsibility under the European Convention on Human Rights. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830009.003.0010.

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While some commentators claim that the rules of State responsibility are irrelevant in applying the European Convention on Human Rights, the rules of State responsibility operate on the completely contrary assumption that they fully apply in the human rights context. The jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights sits somewhere between these two positions. In some cases, the State responsibility rules have not been applied, such as when the Court developed a novel ‘acquiescence or connivance’ rule to hold a third State responsible for the acts of another State on its territory (El-Masri) despite Article 16 of the Articles on State Responsibility (ARSIWA); or refused to apply Article 7 of the Articles on the Responsibility International Organisations (ARIO) (Behrami). Nevertheless, more recent cases show that the Court is more fully applying the rules on State responsibility, pulling back from some of its earlier departures (Kotov; Al Nashiri).

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42

Antonio R, Parra. The History of ICSID. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198767466.001.0001.

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This revised edition of the text details the history and development of the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) and its constituent treaty, the Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States. The book traces the immediate origins of the Convention, in the years 1955 to 1962, and gives a stage-by-stage narrative of the drafting of the Convention between 1962 and 1965. It recounts details of bringing the Convention into force in 1966 and the elaboration of the initial versions of the Regulations and Rules of ICSID adopted at the first meetings of its Administrative Council in 1967. The four periods 1968 to 1988, 1989 to 1999, 2000 to 2010 and 2011 to 2015 are covered in separate chapters which examine the expansion of the Centre’s activities and changes made to the Regulations and Rules over the years. There are also overviews of the conciliation and arbitration cases submitted to ICSID in the respective periods, followed by discussions of selected cases and key issues within them. A concluding chapter discusses some of the broad themes and findings of the book, examines how ICSID might meet several large new challenges facing it and outlines several possible further changes of its rules and procedures. The book offers unique insight into the establishment and design of ICSID, as well as into how the institution evolved and its relationship with the World Bank over the 50 years since the establishment of ICSID.

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43

Tekunoff, Daniel J. Guide to the First Article V Convention of the People: The Constitutional Path To Taking Our Country Back. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2018.

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44

Hinton, Brian, and Geoff Wall. Ashley Hutchings: The Guv'nor and the Rise of Folk Rock--Fairport Convention, Steeley Span and the Albion Band. Helter Skelter Publishing, 2002.

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45

Curd, Patricia, and Daniel W. Graham. Introduction. Edited by Patricia Curd and Daniel W. Graham. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195146875.003.0001.

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This article is concerned with the first philosophers and scientists in the Western tradition. It studies the Presocratic philosophers. One can approach early Greek philosophy through either particular figures of the period or thematic studies that cover broader time periods. If the term “Presocratic philosopher” is a conventional designation established by scholars, it marks out a set of figures who do seem to merit special attention. So as long as there is a tribe of philosophers in the West, they will look back to the first antecedents of their profession. And it seems that the Presocratics are the obvious candidates for founders of the movement.

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46

Mozingo, Karen. Lotte Goslar’s Clowns. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036767.003.0007.

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Lotte Goslar employed clowning and fairy tales throughout her choreographic career to create a feminist disruption of romanticism and tragedy in German and American dance representations of women. However, her departure from the tragic moods and narratives of Ausdruckstanz and her resistance to conventional representations of the intellectual emigration trouble the histories of dance and exile on both sides of the Atlantic. This chapter examines the performance of clowning in Goslar's works, an artistic strategy that marginalized the choreographer in histories of modern dance on both sides of the Atlantic. Writing Goslar back into both histories, it articulates a richly alternative vision of how dance engages its historical time and place.

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47

Clark, Gordon L., and Ashby H. B. Monk. Institutions and Organizations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793212.003.0002.

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In Chapter 2, the authors set out to explore the status of institutional investors in the global economy. They look at different types of such investors. For instance, these include endowments, family offices, and pension funds on the one hand, while on the other hand they also include the conventional roles and responsibilities of asset owners, asset holders, managers working in banks, and standalone asset companies. In this chapter, they pick up the thread that continues throughout the remainder of the book of the current debate in the social sciences concerning institutions and organizations, as well as the legal status of many institutional investors, which organizations themselves must govern and manage.

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48

Pratt, Dorothy Overstreet. Sowing the Wind. University Press of Mississippi, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496815460.001.0001.

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This book examines the Mississippi Constitutional Convention of 1890 and argues that it became the crucible of change in the state, creating a cultural shift from a society based on class to one based on race, though both remained important in the culture. State leaders called the convention to address the threat from outside the state – the Lodge Elections Bill – as well as the rising violence within the state. The convention delegates created layers of qualifiers for voting: payment of the poll tax, literacy, the Understanding Clause, no felony convictions, and lengthy residency requirements. In addition, the delegates utilized reapportionment to further strengthen provisions to disfranchise not only African Americans, but also a number of poor white voters. The newly promulgated constitution then withstood attacks by Congress during the debates over the Lodge Elections Bill and appeals to the federal courts, especially with Williams v Mississippi. The delegates succeeded in their charge to disfranchise, but in doing so unleashed new violence and a struggle to control the state that held it back economically and politically for seven decades.

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49

A, Mulvaney James, Society of Photographic Scientists and Engineers., Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers., and American Roentgen Ray Society, eds. Medical imaging and instrumentation '85: Practical applications of conventional and new imaging technologies : April 21-23, 1985, Back Bay Hilton Hotel, Boston, Massachusetts. Bellingham, Wash., USA: SPIE--the International Society of Optical Engineering, 1985.

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50

St John, Taylor. Gunboats and Diplomacy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789918.003.0003.

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Chapter two outlines antecedents of the ICSID Convention. The antagonisms emerging from the long history of investment dispute settlement are briefly discussed, in particular historical memories about separate courts and separate law for foreigners. Early twentieth-century efforts to replace the use of force with arbitration and later work to reframe foreign investment as a tool for development instead of a tool of imperialism provided more hopeful antecedents. Decolonization brought with it high expectations, but also disillusionment: disputes like Abadan (in which the British government sent gunboats, then asked the UN Security Council, the ICJ, and the World Bank to act, before ultimately staging a coup) made capital-importing governments wary and led many officials to believe the world needed new machinery to resolve disputes between investors and states.

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Books on the topic 'Conventional bank'

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