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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Conventional glass ionomer cements'

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Published: 11 September 2021
Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

Summers, Andrew. "Comparison of bond strength between a conventional resin adhesive and a resin-modified glass ionomer adhesive an in vitro and in vivo study /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2002. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2336.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2002.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 101 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-63).
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2

Moshaverinia, Alireza. "AN INVESTIGATION OF EFFECTS OF NOVEL POLYMERIC STRUCTURES ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CONVENTIONAL GLASS-IONOMER CEMENTS." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1243003846.

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3

Khair, Ro’aa Mohammed Jafar Mohammed Mohammed. "Comparative in vitro study of selected physical properties of Activa, Cention N and Vitremer." University of the Western Cape, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8144.

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Magister Chirurgiae Dentium (MChD)
Background: This study aimed to determine the association between dimensional change and surface roughness (Ra) of Vitremer, Activa and Cention N after immersing them into two different media: acidic and artificial saliva media for the period of a year. Measurements were made at 10 time intervals during the observation period. Methodology: This was a quantitative and qualitative study. For the quantitative part, a total of 60 specimens were tested, 20 specimens for each material. The 20 specimens were further divided into 10 specimens. Ten were immersed in acidic media and the rest in saliva media. A measurement of the weight, height, and Ra was carried out as follows: day 0, day 1, day 2, day 7, day 21, day 28, day 60, day 90, day 180 and day 365. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the surface of each material qualitatively pre and post immersion in the two media. For fluoride measurements, an additional five samples from each material were left suspended in the de-ionized water by the use of dental floss. The materials were moved to new specimen jars after the completion of day 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14, 21 and 28. All the specimen jars had been kept for the fluoride measurements. Results: Non-parametric tests were used to analyze the data. Linear regression analysis was used to measure the association between weight, height or surface roughness (Ra) and immersion time for a year. The result of this test showed that Vitremer had a significant association between the weight (p = 0.000), height (p = 0.007) and Ra (p = 0.001) when it was immersed in acidic media. On the other hand, when Vitremer was immersed in saliva media, only the weight variable showed a significant association (p = 0.002). For Cention N, significant association was found for only Ra when immersed in acidic media (p = 0.000). Finally, for Activa, all the studied associations; the weight, height and Ra in both media were found to be insignificant. For saliva media, there was a significant weight change between the three materials during all 10 periods of time (p = 0.000). In the first six months, Cention N demonstrated a significant increase in weight changes followed by Vitremer, then Activa. Yet, after a year, the difference between Cention N and Vitremer became insignificant and Activa showed the least weight changes. There was not a significant difference between the materials in terms of height and Ra measurements. The fluoride experiment was not successful due to technical issues during pH measurements of the collected solutions. For comparison of the studied parameters between the three materials, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used. In acidic media, there was a significant difference between the materials in term of weight change in 10 periods of time (p = 0.000). In particular, after a two month period, Cention N had the highest weight, followed by Vitremer and then by Activa. The difference between Vitremer and Activa became insignificant throughout the rest of the experimental time frame. All the height measurements between the three materials were found to be insignificant except for day 365 (p = 0.048), where both Activa and Cention N were found to be significantly higher than Vitremer. For the Ra comparison, in the first two weeks, particularly day 1, 7 and 14, Cention N had significantly the lowest Ra among the other materials. As the three materials aged in the acidic media (day 180), Vitremer had significantly the highest Ra values. Cention N showed higher Ra values than Activa; nonetheless this difference was not significant. The SEM images showed loss of some particles in all post-experimental images of the materials in acidic media. Vitremer showed the widest cracks with the loss of fillers. In saliva media, there was also loss of particles but to a lesser extent than in acidic media. Yet, the post-experimental image of Activa in saliva resembled the pre-experimental one. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, the best material to resist Ra from prolonged acidic attack was Activa followed by Cention N and then Vitremer. Except for Vitremer, no significant changes in the Ra of the other materials were detected when the three materials were immersed in saliva media in the long term. In acidic media Vitremer tended to lose weight and height faster than Cention N and Activa over a year. Cention N is the best material to resist dimensional change. However, in artificial saliva Vitremer gained water rapidly. Activa did not absorb a lot of water and did not reject a lot of water; Activa demonstrated good dimensional stability and this property may be beneficial when compared to the other two materials tested. The clinical significance of the study: All the materials studied were subjected to dimensional and Ra changes following long-term exposure to acidic substances, but the newer materials (Cention N and Activa) seemed to be more dimensionally stable and resistant to Ra changes than the older, well-known material (Vitremer). This may influence a clinician’s choice of restorative material for use in pediatric dentistry.
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4

Zörgiebel, Julius [Verfasser], and Nicoleta [Akademischer Betreuer] Ilie. "Langzeitliche Untersuchung der Veränderungen mechanischer Eigenschaften traditioneller und innovativer Glasionomerzemente unter labor- und klinisch simulierten Bedingungen : an in vitro study on the maturation of conventional glass ionomer cements and their interface to dentin / Julius Zörgiebel. Betreuer: Nicoleta Ilie." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1058076949/34.

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5

Bellis, Candice Alexandra. "Antimicrobial nanoparticles for glass ionomer cements." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.742992.

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6

Darling, Maureen. "The design of novel glass-ionomer cements." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 1993. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/6142/.

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7

Kilpatrick, Nicola M. "Glass ionomer cements : factors influencing their durability." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318230.

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8

Hurrell-Gillingham, Kathryn. "Novel glass ionomer cements for biomedical applications." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.695354.

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9

Lohbauer, Ulrich. "Fiber reinforced glass ionomer cements for dental applications /." Berlin : Logos, 2003. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=010710669&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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10

Jin, Yigang. "Spectroscopic investigations of new glass-ionomer dental cements." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1535.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2000.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 63 p. : ill. (some col.) Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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11

Karjiker, Farzana. "The colour stability of various glass ionomer cements." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7023.

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>Magister Scientiae - MSc
Introduction: Together with bonding to both enamel and dentine, an ideal restorative material would display physical properties similar to that of natural tooth tissue and would not be prone to degradation as a result of the oral environment. This includes changes in colour. Glass ionomer technology has undergone many changes to its original chemistry since it was developed in the early 1970’s. In 1988 resin-modified glass ionomers were introduced and in 2008, nano-ionomers were introduced. As a result of the progression in material sciences and the use of more sophisticated techniques and methods in restorative dentistry, it is possible to accomplish much improved aesthetics and functional durability of a restoration, both anteriorly and posteriorly. However, for as long as aesthetic restorations have been available, and in spite of advances in material structure and performance, one of the greatest challenges facing clinicians still remains that aesthetic restorations have to be replaced relatively frequently as staining and discolouration is a common problem. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to determine the stainability of four resin-modified glass ionomers and one glass ionomer cement when exposed to a staining broth. Objectives: To record any change in colour before and after exposing the sample with the staining broth using a spectrophotometer, to compare the stainability, to examine the depth of staining using a light microscope and to observe the particle size of the powder and the surface texture using Scanning Electron Microscopy of the four resin- modified glass ionomer cements and one glass ionomer cement. Materials and Methods: Four resin-modified glass ionomers (one nano-ionomer) and one glass ionomer (zinc-reinforced ionomer) were selected. All were shade A2, except for Vitremer™ which was not available in A2. 15 discs of each material were prepared. The discs were 15 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness. All the materials were handled and cured according to the manufacturers’ instructions. After curing, only one side of each disc was polished using Sof-Lex™ discs (3M ESPE, USA). The unpolished side of each disc was designated as a matrix finish. The specimens were all immersed in distilled water at 37 °C for one week. They were then immersed in a staining broth for a period of one week and readings were taken after a period of 2 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours, 24 hours and one week. Colour was read on each side of each disc at the indicated intervals with a spectrophotometer. The colour difference was calculated using the CIELAB colour co-ordinates. Sample discs were then sectioned to determine the depth of staining. An additional sample disc of each material was made for observation with the SEM and was therefore not stained. Also, an unmixed sample of each material was prepared for examination with the SEM. Results: In general, for all materials there was an increase in staining when assessed with the colour difference between the baseline colour and the 7 day reading. Ketac™ N100, showed the highest total colour change of 43.84 for the unpolished surface followed by Riva™ which showed the total colour change of 28.55 for the unpolished surface. This was similar to Fuji II LC® which had a total colour change of 28.16 for the unpolished surface. For Vitremer™, the total colour change increased to 18.07 for the unpolished surface. For the unpolished surfaces, ChemFil™ Rock showed the least colour difference from baseline to 7 days (ΔE*ab = 10.45), followed by Vitremer™ (ΔE*ab = 18.07). Both Fuji II LC® and Riva™ Light Cure showed similar colour change from baseline to 7 days for unpolished surfaces (ΔE*ab of 28.16 and 28.55 respectively). Ketac™ N100 showed the highest staining after 7 days in the staining broth with a colour difference of 43.84. For the polished surfaces, the colour change for Fuji II LC® was 25.72 which was similar to Riva™ Light Cure which was 22.44 and Ketac™ N100 which showed a colour change of 22.79 on the polished surface. ChemFil™ Rock showed the least colour change of 17.69 for the polished surface followed by Vitremer™ which showed a colour change of 23.63 for the polished surface. Thus, for both the unpolished and polished surfaces there was a similar staining pattern. Conclusion: In this study it was demonstrated that all products evaluated in this study showed some degree of staining when exposed to a staining broth when evaluated using the ΔE*ab CIELAB colour evaluation. Ketac™ N100 showed the highest colour change compared to the other materials, but the reason for this was not explored. Both Vitremer™ and ChemFil™ Rock showed similar patterns of staining.
2020-09-01
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12

Meehan, Michael Patrick. "A comparison of the shear bond strengths of two glass ionomer cements." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq21096.pdf.

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13

Awosanya, Ibikunle. "The kinetics of ion release by glass-ionomer cements." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2008. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/6103/.

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Ten brands of GIC were used in this study: four commercial conventional GICs, one in-house conventional GIC made from G338 glass powder, one commercial glass-ionomer bone cement and four in-house novel aluminium free Fe2O3 based GICs. Cylindrical specimens of GICs were prepared in stainless steel moulds to form 6 mm height x 4 mm diameter cylinders which were then placed in a 37°C oven for one hour to cure and harden. These were then immersed in 5 ml aliquots of de-ionised water and 20mM lactic acid for storage periods of 14, 28 and 84 days, 8 weeks and 21 months. The leachate was collected daily, weekly and monthly respectively to determine the concentration of ions eluted using an optimised and validated method employing ICP-OES. The kinetic study showed that ion release in GICs generally follows a two or three phase process. Initially, there is a short-term rapid burst of ion release, non-linear with respect to time (t). Thereafter under neutral conditions, release is a diffusion process as given by [F]c = a + bt1/2 + ct or [F]c = [F]l.t / (t1/2 + t) + ßt1/2. The latter equation best described the ion release profile of GICs when immersed in water. Under acid conditions, by contrast, long term release was found to be proportional to t, indicating that dissolution is the controlling force, as given by [F]c = [F]l.t / (t1/2 + t) + at. HPLC was used to study ion release under dynamic conditions using crushed cement as the column packing material. This showed that these GICs are depleted of traceable amounts of Na, Ca, Al, Is and P within 2 days under these conditions. A speciation study by ion chromatography showed conclusively that phosphorus released from GICs into de-ionised water was present as simple monomeric phosphate. Unfortunately, results from 31PNMR were not as conclusive. However, the speciation result is consistent with previous studies, which have shown by MAS-NMR that phosphorus is also present within the set cement in simple monomeric form.
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14

Pawluk, Katarzyna Malgorzata. "Release of antimicrobial compounds from glass-ionomer dental cements." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2011. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/9813/.

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This thesis reports a study of the possibility of using conventional glass-ionomer cements (GICs) as matrices for release of antimicrobial compounds. Sodium fusidate, cetyl pyridinium chloride (CPC), benzalkonium chloride (BACH), triclosan and triclosan/zinc citrate at concentrations ranging from 1% to 5% by weight were added into Fuji IX and Chemflex cements. Disc-diffusion studies showed antimicrobial effect against Streptococcus mutans. Inhibition zones were proportional to the amount of added bactericide, CPC and BACH showed highest antibacterial activity. The release of the bactericides into water was studied for time intervals up to seven weeks. The amount of additive released varied from 0.61% to 5.00% of total bactericide added and samples containing more antimicrobial agent gave higher release into the surrounding water. The release was shown to be diffusion based for the first 2-4 weeks. Compressive strength and surface hardness of reformulated materials decreased in comparison with the control specimens. Addition of bactericides also decreased the amount of fluoride released. 27Al MAS-NMR showed that aluminium switches its coordination number from four, Al (IV), in the glass phase to six, Al (VI), in the cement matrix and addition of antimicrobial agents reduced the rate of this change. Incorporation of additives also prolonged the working time. By contrast, water loss properties were not affected by additives. The overall conclusion is that the presence of additives affects the setting and maturation reactions of GICs. These results can be interpreted as showing that the additives having an effect on the conformation of the poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) component in solution. Changes in the conformation of the PAA also influence the release of key ions from the glass (Al3+, Ca2+, F- and Na+). Alteration in the balance of these ions, especially Al3+, would result in slower cross-linking processes and lower cross-link density matrix. Additionally, adsorption properties of surfactants to GI aluminosilicate glass particles can also lead to reduction in the number of available active sites on the glass which can react with PAA. The reduction in available active sites on the glass will result in a lower bonding density and thus a weaker matrix. All above will leads to the observed changes in mechanical properties, working kinetics, F- release and kinetics of conversion of Al (IV) to Al (VI).
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15

Chen, Song. "Glass Ionomer Cements with Improved Bioactive and Antibacterial Properties." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tillämpad materialvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-301924.

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Dental restorative cements are placed in a harsh oral environment where they are subjected to thermal shock, chemical degradation, and repeating masticatory force. The ideal restorative dental cements should have superior mechanical properties, chemical stability, aesthetic, good handling properties, biocompatibility, antibacterial properties, and preferably bioactivity. This thesis presents research on dental restorative cements with enhanced properties. The overall aim was to increase the bioactivity and antibacterial properties of dental restorative cements without affecting their other properties. The effect from adding calcium silicate to glass ionomer cement (GIC) was investigated. The results showed that calcium silicate could increase the bioactivity and reduce the cytotoxicity of conventional glass ionomer cement without compromising its setting and mechanical properties. Hydroxyapatite (HA) with a high aspect ratio and thin nacreous-layered monetite sheets were also synthesized. Nano HA particles with an aspect ratio of 50 can be synthesized by both precipitation and hydrothermal methods. The aspect ratio was controlled via the pH of reaction medium. Thin nacreous-layered monetite sheets were synthesized through a self-assembly process in the presence of an amine based cationic quaternary surfactant. Temperature, pH, and presence of surfactant played essential roles in forming the nacreous-layered monetite sheets. Then the effect from adding silver doped HA and monetite particles was investigated. The results showed that the antibacterial properties of GIC could be increased by incorporating silver doped HA and monetite particles. Further examination showed that the pH change, F- ion release, and concentration of released Ag+ ions were not responsible for the improved antibacterial properties. The quasi-static strengths and compressive fatigue limits of four types of the most commonly used dental restorations were evaluated. In our study, resin modified GIC and resin-based composite showed superior static compressive strength and fatigue limits compared to conventional GIC. The static compressive strength of dental cements increased with the aging time. However, aging had no effect on the compressive fatigue limit of resin modified GIC and resin-based composite. The compressive fatigue limit of conventional GIC even showed a drastic decrease after aging.
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16

Turner, Anthony J. "Characterisation of modified glass-ionomer cements for medical applications." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.695355.

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17

Wasson, Eleanor A. "The development of glass-poly(alkenoate) [glass-ionomer] cements for orthopaedic applications." Thesis, Brunel University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295811.

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18

Kishimoto, Yoshiko. "Some aspects of in vitro testing of glass ionomer cements /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09DM/09dmk61.pdf.

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19

Shah, Paril. "Novel composites and modified glass-ionomer cements for dental applications." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419853.

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20

Sidhu, Sharanbir Kaur. "Resin-modified glass ionomer restorative materials : an evaluation involving microscopy." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362847.

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21

Xie, Dong. "N-vinylpyrrolidone modified glass-ionomer resins for improved dental restoratives." The Ohio State University, 1998. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/47196478.html.

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22

Kashani, Mitra A. M. P. "Effect of cation substitutions in an ionomer glass composition on the setting reaction and properties of the resulting glass ionomer cements." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4548/.

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This study investigated the effect of Ba\(^2\)\(^+\) and Sr\(^2\)\(^+\) substitutions for Ca\(^2\)\(^+\) in an ionomer glass composition 4.5SiO\(_2\)-3Al\(_2\)O\(_3\)-1.5P\(_2\)O\(_5\)-3CaO-2CaF\(_2\) on the setting reaction and properties of the resulting glass ionomer cements (GICs). Experimental GICs (Ca-GIC, Ca-Sr-GIC and Ca-Ba-GIC) were characterized via various techniques: Diametral tensile strength, compressive strength, flexural strength, Vickers hardness and nano-indentation measurements were conducted at different time points during setting. Real time Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to study the effect of the glass composition on cement setting reactions. A resistance to penetration method evaluated the cement setting time. Additionally, the wear resistance of the experimental GIC was measured by a ball-on-flat wear test. Furthermore, fluoride (F\(^-\)) release and the antimicrobial behaviour of cements were investigated. The compressive, diametral and flexural strength of the cements in which Ca\(^2\)\(^+\) was substituted by Sr\(^2\)\(^+\) and Ba\(^2\)\(^+\) were both statistically significantly higher than the unsubstituted control at 1 hour after setting (P < 0.001). FTIR results confirmed that enhanced metal salt crosslinking occurred in the ion substituted materials, especially from 1 to 60 minutes. Therefore, it can be concluded that replacing Ca\(^2\)\(^+\) with larger cations (Sr\(^2\)\(^+\) and Ba\(^2\)\(^+\)) affects the setting reaction and resulting mechanical properties in the short term. All three experimental GICs inhibited growth of Streptococcus mutans over a period of 48 hours. The F\(^-\)release analysis showed that there was less F\(^-\) release in artificial saliva (AS) than in deionized water over 40 days.
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Mitchell, Christina A. "The use of glass-ionomer cements in the retention of post-crowns." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282258.

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24

Ro, Emily Y. "Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of Two Resin-Modified Glass-Ionomer Cements." VCU Scholars Compass, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/1759.

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25

Prentice, Leon H. "Investigations into the mechanical properties and curing characteristics of dental glass-ionomer cements /." Connect to thesis, 2005. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00001460.

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26

Booth, Samantha E. "Surface properties and the bioactivity of glass-ionomer dental cements and related materials." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2010. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/5716/.

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The improvement and modification of the surface hardness of glass-ionomer dental cements was investigated in the studies discussed in this thesis to allow the range of clinical applications of these cements to be extended. Storing the cements in non-aqueous media whilst heating at 60 oC increased the surface hardness compared to storage in water at 37 oC. The corresponding compressive strength showed no significant changes. The bioactivity of two commercially available glass-ionomer dental cements was investigated after it was established that the surface hardness of a dental cement was improved by storing the materials in biologically natural bovine milk. In particular the observations of the appearance of the surface were noted as well as cation release studies and calcium to phosphorus ratios calculated. The results indicated that a surface layer of calcium phosphate had formed and created a barrier around the cement preventing the loss of strengthening ions. An investigation was also made into formulating a novel hybrid cement. This process included the deployment of additives/co-reactants within the cement formulation. By incorporating zinc phosphate into a strontium based glass-ionomer elevated levels of fluoride release were obtained when compared to the original commercially available glass-ionomer. SEM images show that this additive had an effect on the surface morphology of the glass. The bioactivity studies performed on these cements show the uptake of calcium over one week, indicating that there is the possibility that these new hybrid cements are bioactive. Refinement of the new hybrid materials has produced cements with antimicrobial properties as well as higher surface hardness values than the original glass-ionomer.
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27

Torabzadeh, Hassan. "Laboratory and clinical investigations into resin-modified glass-ionomer cements and related materials." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337636.

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28

Kanwal, Nasima. "Novel zinc containing phosphate glasses for glass-ionomer cements for bone cement applications." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2014. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8440.

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Glass‐ionomer cements (GICs) are acid base reaction cements used in dentistry for restorative applications. In conventional GICs aluminosilicate glass is used to react with a polyalkenoic acid such as poly acrylic acid. Glass–ionomer cements have the potential to be used for bone cement applications, however there is a concern over the neurotoxicity of aluminium in the glass component of these cements. In this work zinc containing phosphate glass based glass–ionomer cement has been developed for the bone cement application. In this relation structure of zinc containing phosphate glasses in the system Na2O:CaO:ZnO:P2O5 ranging from metaphosphate compositions to invert phosphate compositions has been examined. Various advanced techniques in solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) such as dipolar recoupling and solid state NMR of low  quadrupolar nuclei (67Zn and 43Ca) and neutron diffraction have been employed. Special emphasis has been focused on structural role of zinc in glasses of different composition and the effect of different cations on coordination of zinc along with the effect on phosphate tetrahedra. 67Zn and 43Ca solid state NMR spectra of selected glass samples have been successfully acquired at ultrahigh field 900 MHz using Solid Echo pulse sequence. In addition solid state NMR spectra of two polymorphs of crystalline Zn(PO3)2 have also been acquired at 850 MHz using DFS– WURST–QCPMG pulse sequence in order to distinguish between the magnitude and orientation of electric field gradient (EFG) of zinc in octahedral and tetrahedral coordination. Structure determined through various techniques has been related to the dissolution behaviour of glass compositions from metaphosphate to invert phosphate. A decrease in pH of surrounding medium has been observed due to the presence of zinc. Insertion of ZnO4 tetrahedra between PO4 tetrahedra has been observed in invert phosphate glasses with high zinc oxide content which renders them suitable for glass– ionomer cements. Glass–ionomer cement from glass composition 10Na2O:50ZnO:10CaO:30P2O5 and hydroxyapatite and, acrylic acid and vinyl phosphonic acid co‐polymer has been produced successfully.
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29

Boissonade, Jonathan James. "Direct contact measurement of the dielectric properties of glass ionomer cements for MEMs design." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6321/.

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This investigation was aimed at measuring the changes in dielectric properties of glass ionomer cements during their setting reaction in order to observe if there is a correlation between these properties and the cement curing. Commercial glass ionomer cements were prepared and their setting process was monitored over a 24 hour period using FT-IR and direct contact impedance measurement. An impedance bridge with a dielectric test assembly, based on previous work by Braden et al, was used to measure the dielectric properties of a number of different glass ionomer cements using a simple design. Using the dielectric properties of the glass ionomer cements, it could be possible to develop a micro-electro-mechanical sensor (MEMS) based on this design, which could be implanted into a dental restoration and interrogated remotely. During the curing of the cements examined, the dielectric data collected from the co-planar assembly showed a change in impedance over the course of the setting of the cement, which when compared to FT-IR spectra over the same period, showed a correlation between the dielectric properties and the chemical changes within the cement.
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30

Chander, Kunal. "Effects of aging on dentin bonding and mechanical properties of restorative glass ionomer cements." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/58839.

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Objectives: To examine changes in shear bond strength to dentin (SBS), flexural strength (FS) and diametral tensile strength (DTS) of four restorative glass ionomer cements: Fuji II LC (GC/America), Equia (GC/America), Ketac Nano (3M/ESPE), and Ketac Molar (3M/ESPE) after aging in artificial saliva. Materials and Methods: For SBS testing, sound extracted human permanent molars were ground to flat occlusal dentin surfaces and fixed in circular molds with auto-cured acrylic resin.. Teeth were randomly divided into four groups: Fuji II LC, Equia, Ketac Nano, Ketac Molar. For each dentin surface, two glass ionomer cylinders were bonded. Specimens were stored in artificial saliva (37°C) and tested at 24-hour and 6-month time points (Shear Testing Machine, Bisco). For each material, FS bars (25mm x 2mm x 2mm) and DS discs (4mm x 2mm) were fabricated, stored in artificial saliva (37°C), and tested at 24-hour and 6-month time points. (Shimadzu). An additional FS study was conducted with glass ionomer specimens, stored either in distilled water or artificial saliva (37°C), and tested at 24-hour and 2-month time points. (Shimadzu). Data analysis included two-way ANOVA (p<0.05) with post-hoc Tukey’s tests to compare interactions. Results: There were no significant differences in SBS after 6 months storage, except for Ketac Nano, which showed a significant decrease in bond strength after aging. There were no differences in SBS among the four glass ionomers, at 24 hours or 6 months saliva storage. The diametral tensile strength values did not change significantly after aging except for Fuji II LC. All materials had a significant increase in flexural strength after aging regardless of the storage media (water or saliva). Fuji II LC had significantly higher DS and FS compared to other materials, at both 24 hours and 6 months storage. Conclusions: Aging did not affect SBS of materials except Ketac Nano. Flexural strength of all glass ionomer cements increased over time. Storage media did not affect flexural strength properties. Diametral tensile strength remained unchanged over time for all materials. Overall, Fuji II LC had superior mechanical properties compared to other materials.
Dentistry, Faculty of
Graduate
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31

Fatemi, Ardakani Mahta. "A study of the setting characteristics of glass ionomer and related cements by means of dielectric measurements." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261810.

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32

Wang, Yan. "Hertzian indentation failure of dental restorative materials." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36528067.

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33

Shahid, Saroash. "Glass ionomer cements : an investigation into ionic processes within the cement with respect to time." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2010. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/591.

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A series of experiments were performed to understand the ionic processes in glass ionomer cements. Fluoride release from fluoroaluminosilicate glasses in deionised water and artificial saliva Inorganic artificial saliva was used to compare the release of fluoride from four fluoroaluminosilicate glasses (AH2. LG26Sr, LG125 and LG26). The glasses were used in their raw form and as an acid washed glass and pseudocement. Results showed two different trends. AH2 released more fluoride in artificial saliva relative to deionised water and the LG glasses released less in artificial saliva relative to deionised water. Kinetics of fluoride release from glass ionomer cements: influence of ultrasound and radiant heat Two conventional GIC’s Fuji IX and Ketac Molar were used, along with commercial GIC’s Amalgomer, Amalgomer CR and Glass Carbomer which was also radiant heat set. The experimental glass used was LG30 which is a fluoride free glass and was mixed at 7:1 ratio with 2% NaF solution. It was observed that ultrasound increases the release of fluoride whereas radiant heat reduces the release of fluoride. Investigation into secondary setting mechanism of glass ionomer cement: hydrolytic stability of aluminiosilicate-acetic acid cements Six glasses were used LG26, LG30, LG117, Anorthite, Na-Anorthite. Glasses were mixed with acetic acid and made into discs. These were matured for 1, 2, 3, 6 and 24 hours then immersed in 40ml of deionised water. After 24hours they were assessed for visual disintegration using a scale developed for this purpose. It was noted that MP4 never formed stable cement; LG26, LG117, Anorthite and Na-anorthite immediately formed a stable cement whereas LG30 formed a stable cement only after 24hours. Inductively Coupled Plasma analysis on the release of ions showed that Al was released in quantities comparable to glass-polyalkenoate cements hence suggesting that acetate cements are actually Al-acetate type cements.
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34

Wang, Yan, and 王焱. "Hertzian indentation failure of dental restorative materials." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36528067.

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35

Elshami, Marrow. "Micro-leakage and Enamel demineralisation : a comparative study of three different adhesive cements." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5607.

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Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent)
Introduction: Micro-leakage and enamel demineralization is still a major challenge in dental practice. It can lead to formation of demineralization lesions around and beneath the adhesive–enamel interface (Mali et al., 2006). Enamel demineralization adjacent to orthodontic brackets is one of the risks associated with orthodontic treatment. The prevention of demineralization during orthodontic treatment is therefore essential for aesthetic reasons and to circumvent the onset of caries. Aim: To assess micro-leakage and enamel demineralization around orthodontic direct attachments (brackets) using three different orthodontic cements. Materials and methods: In this in-vitro study, intact (non carious) extracted human premolars were used to compare the micro-leakage and enamel demineralization of three different cements (Fuji Ortho LC, Rely X luting 2 and Transbond XT). The dye penetration technique was used to evaluate micro-leakage on extracted human premolars. Micro-hardness testing was performed on 21 teeth to determine enamel demineralization. Sixty teeth were randomly divided into 3 groups of twenty teeth each. Direct attachments were cemented on each tooth using 3 different cements; Fuji Ortho LC (GC Fuji II LC GC Corporation Tokyo, Japan), (group 1), Rely X luting 2 cement (3M ESPE dental product, USA), (group 2), Transbond XT Light Cure (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif), (group 3). After the orthodontic direct attachments were fitted, they were exposed to 500 thermo-cycles between 5°C and 55°C, with a dwell time of 15 seconds in a buffered (pH 7) 1% methylene blue dye solution (Grobler et al, 2007). The specimens were viewed under a stereomicroscope (Nikon, Japan) at magnification of 40 times. Photographs of each specimen were taken with a Leica camera (Leica DFC 290 micro-systems, Germany) fitted onto a stereomicroscope. The ACDsee photo editing programme was used to transfer the photographs to a computer to measure the dye penetration along the enamel–adhesive and adhesive–bracket interfaces, both on the gingival and occlusal edge at × 40 magnification. For the demineralization sample, 21 teeth were divided into 3 groups of seven teeth each, where direct attachments were cemented using each of the 3 cements, group 1, Fuji Ortho LC (GC Fuji II LC GC Corporation Tokyo, Japan); group 2, Rely X luting 2 cement (3M ESPE dental product, USA) and group 3, Transbond XT Light Cure (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif). A digital hardness tester with Vickers diamond indenter (Zwick RoellIndentec (ZHV; Indentec UK) was used to measure surface micro-hardness of enamel before and after attaching the brackets. Ten indentations were made on the enamel surface of each tooth before bonding the brackets with a 300g load applied for 15 seconds to establish the baseline hardness value. After de-bonding the brackets, the hardness was measured again in the same area as mentioned above to determine the degree of enamel demineralization (softening). Result: The result showed statistically significantly lower levels of micro-leakage for Transbond XT (P= <0.001). The amount of micro-leakage on the margins was significantly higher in the gingival portion (P <0.05) as compared with the occlusal margin. Enamel micro-hardness tests before bonding using the three different cements showed that the variances are not significantly different (Chi-squared = 3.051, df = 2, p-value = 0.218). However, the micro-hardness tests done after bonding and thermo-cycling was statistically significantly different (Chi-squared = 13.435, df = 2, p-value = 0.001). Clearly, the Transbond XT group had less hardness, implying greater demineralization than the Fuji Ortho LC and Rely X luting 2 groups. Two sample t-tests show that mean value for the Fuji Ortho and Rely X luting 2 were not significantly different from each other (t = -0.636, df = 12, p-value = 0.537). The mean value for Transbond XT differed significantly from both the other two means: Transbond XT vs Fuji Ortho LC (t = 3.249, df = 6.9, p-value = 0.014). Transbond XT vs Rely X luting 2 (t = 3.493, df = 6.8, p-value = 0.011). Conclusions: This study showed that Fuji Ortho LC and Rely X luting 2 show more micro-leakage than Transbond XT. However Transbond XT had significant lower micro-leakage, less hardness (greater demineralization) than the Fuji Ortho LC and Rely X luting 2. This may have been due to the fluoride release which significantly reduces demineralization. Therefore the Fuji Ortho LC and Rely X luting 2 may be recommended for prevention of demineralization during orthodontic treatment.
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36

Johal, Kamel K. "Evaluation of novel glass-ionomer cements for hard tissue repair using in vitro and in vivo methods." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.700955.

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37

Chu, Chun-hung. "Surface morphological changes and marginal adaptation of glass cermet cement restorations in primary molars." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B38628223.

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38

Chu, Chun-hung, and 朱振雄. "Surface morphological changes and marginal adaptation of glass cermet cement restorations in primary molars." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38628223.

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39

Luo, Yan, and 羅琰. "Assessment of a glass polyalkenoate cement and a polyacid-modified resin composite for the restoration of posterior teeth." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31242121.

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40

Luo, Yan. "Assessment of a glass polyalkenoate cement and a polyacid-modified resin composite for the restoration of posterior teeth." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22242879.

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41

Banomyong, Danuchit. "Effects of glass-ionomer cement lining on sealing ability and postoperative tooth sensitivity after resin composite restoration of posterior teeth /." Connect to thesis, 2009. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/3533.

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42

Millett, Declan T. "In vitro and in vivo studies of glass ionomer cements in the bonding and banding of orthodonotic attachments." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384894.

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43

Ho, Fu-tak. "In vitro and in vivo evaluation of an improved glass-ionomer dental cement used for the atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) technique." Hong Kong : Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B38628168.

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44

何富德 and Fu-tak Ho. "In vitro and in vivo evaluation of an improved glass-ionomer dental cement used for the atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) technique." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38628168.

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45

Koutsikas, Peter. "The influence of porosity levels on shear strength and water movement in a resin-modified glass ionomer restorative cement (Fuju II LC Improved) : thesis submitted for the degree of Master of science in Dentistry, Dental School, Faculty of Health Sciences, the University of Adelaide /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09DSM/09dsmk882.pdf.

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46

Brook, Ian Michael. "Evaluation of glass-ionomer cements for use as bone substitutes with reference to their value for treatment of atrophic alveolar bone." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.695353.

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47

Silva, Márjully Eduardo Rodrigues da [UNESP]. "Influência da incorporação de nanopartículas de trimeta- fosfato de sódio associado ou não à clorexidina nas proprie- dades microbiológicas, físico-mecânicas e de redução da desmineralização de cimento de ionômero de vidro." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/127858.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-17T15:26:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-04-24. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-09-17T15:46:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000848071.pdf: 1655017 bytes, checksum: b8789c663a31b0f9f6e5466712a6e754 (MD5)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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48

Oliveira, Luana Cristina Araújo de. "Análise das tensões geradas durante a contração de polimerização e aplicação de cargas em restaurações diretas de resina composta. Efeito da utilização de materiais para base ou forramento /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101374.

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Resumo: O objetivo desta investigação científica foi analisar o efeito da presença de materiais para base ou forramento, nas tensões geradas durante a contração de polimerização e aplicação de cargas, em cavidade classe I, no segundo pré-molar superior. Foram avaliadas quatro técnicas restauradoras: 1) Resina composta Z250(3M ESPE) controle, 2) Resina composta Z250(3M ESPE) + forramento com resina de baixa viscosidade FiltekFlow(3M ESPE), 3) Resina composta Z250(3M ESPE) + Forramento com ionômero de vidro modificado por resina Vitrebond(3M ESPE) e 4) Resina composta Z250(3M ESPE) + base com ionômero de vidro modificado por resina Vitrebond(3M ESPE). O estudo transcorreu em três fases: 1)Fotoelasticidade, 2)Tensilometria e 3)Elementos Finitos. 1ª Fase (Fotoelasticidade) - Nesta etapa foram avaliadas as tensões geradas durante a contração de polimerização na cavidade confeccionada em modelo fotoelástico, restaurada com as técnicas descritas acima, nomeadas F1, F2, F3 e F4 respectivamente e determinada a Tensão Cisalhante Máxima(tmáx ) na interface adesiva e realizados os Testes ANOVA e Tukey (p=0,05). 2ª Fase (Tensilometria) - Nesta etapa foram avaliadas as tensões geradas durante a contração de polimerização de cada material, assim agrupados: T1 - resina composta, T2 - resina de baixa viscosidade e T3 - Ionômero de vidro modificado por resina, os quais foram inseridos entre duas bases cilíndricas de dentina bovina (diâmetro 4,0 mm) com espessura de 2,0mm, sendo que a base superior foi conectada a uma célula de carga. Os valores de força foram registrados iniciando simultaneamente com a fotopolimerização até a completa estabilização das forças... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The aim of this study was analyze the effect of liner and base materials presence during polymerization shrinkage and load application, on cavities class I, in maxillary premolar. The following technique were assigned: 1) Composite resin Z250(3M ESPE)-control, 2) Composite resin Z250(3M ESPE) + liner with flowable FiltekFlow (3M ESPE) 3) Composite resin Z250(3M ESPE) + liner with resin-modified glass-ionomer Vitrebond(3M ESPE) e 4) Composite resin Z250(3M ESPE) + base with resin-modified glass-ionomer Vitrebond(3M ESPE). The study was divided in three phases: 1) Photoelasticity, 2) Tensilometry e 3) Finite Elements Analysis. 1ª (Photoelasticity) - In this phase was determinate polymerization shrinkage stress in photoelastic model, filled with techniques, named F1, F2, F3 e F4 respectively and Maximal Shear Stress (tmáx) was determinate along adhesive interface. Results were analyzes by Anova and Tukey Test. (p=0,05). 2ª (Tensilometry) - In this phase was determinate, polymerization shrinkage stress, for each material: T1 - composite resin, T2 - flowable resin e T3 - resin-modified glass-ionomer. Materials were inserted into 2mm space, between two dentin bovine cylindrical bases, (diameter 4,0mm), which one was connected a load cell. A curve ForceXTime, was obtained for each of samples. Results were analyzes by Anova and Tukey Test. (p=0,05). 3ª (Finite Elements Analysis) - In this phase, stresses resulting from polymerization shrinkage in combination with oclusal loading, were determinate in a 2D finite element model. The polymerization shrinkage stress was fundamented in Tensilometry and Phoelasticity results... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
Orientador: Sillas Luiz Lordelo Duarte Júnior
Coorientador: Welingtom Dinelli
Banca: José Roberto Cury Saad
Banca: Osmir Batista de Oliveira Júnior
Banca: Cleudmar Amaral de Araújo
Banca: Rafael Francisco Lia Mondelli
Doutor
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49

Brookbank, Paul Alexander. "Glass poly-vinyl-phosphonate cements with reactive aluminium hydroxide coated sub-micron anatase filler." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3336.

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The current generation of Glass Ionomer Cements (GICs) have many advantageous properties over other dental restorative materials but lack the compressive strength of these other materials. The aim of this project is to increase the compressive strength of conventional Glass Poly-Vinyl-Phosphonate cement by inclusion of reactive sub-micron filler particles. The setting characteristics, chemical reactivity and cement strength have been found using oscillating rheology, infrared spectrometry, nuclear magnetic spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy, potentiometer analysis, laser diffractometry and mechanical analysis. The addition of sub-micron filler particles in direct weight by weight replacement of aluminosilicate glass of a control material has increased the ultimate compressive strength of the new cement from 206MPa (control) to 250MPa after 365 days of aging. The strength of the new filler enhanced cements were comparable with the control material after 3 hours. The setting chemistry of the filler enhanced cements follows the same order as the control cement but at a decelerated rate. Theoretical modelling found that a large volume of sub-micron filler could fit into interstitial spacing in formed cement however the alteration of the aluminosilicate glass to polyelectrolyte ratio has been found to drastically alter the cement setting time. The use of cubic and polyhedral shaped filler particles as supposed to spherical particles may increase the cement strength further as greater packing densities are achieved. The formulation of a Glass Ionomer Cement with increased compressive strength may find use as a posterior restorative or as a better material for restoration of lesions and cavity liners.
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Zhi, Qinghui, and 支清惠. "Arresting dentine caries lesions in Chinese preschool children." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45450973.

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