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Halid, Elan, and Fitri Handayani. "IMPLIKATUR KONVENSIONAL DALAM ACARA REPUBLIK SOSMED SEGMEN 4 (ROASTING) DI TRANS TV." IdeBahasa 3, no. 1 (June 29, 2021): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37296/idebahasa.v3i1.55.
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The purpose of this study was to describe conventional implicatures in the Republic of Social Media Segment 4 (Roasting) on Trans TV. The theories used in this study include: (a) the nature of pragmatics, (b) the nature of implicatures, (c) conventional implicatures, and (d) the Republic of Social Media program on Trans TV. This research used a descriptive method. Sources of data in this study were comics and guest stars in the Republik Sosmed program in segment 4 (Roasting) on Trans TV. The results of this study include: (a) on the Republic of Social Media program segment 4 (roasting), there were 5 conventional implicature data, (b) on October 08, 2017 presented comic Ridwan Remin, there were 2 conventional implicature data, (c) on October 14, 2017 presented comic Ridwan Remin, there were 3 implicature data, (d) on October 15 2017 presenting comic Yuda Keling, there were 3 conventional implicature data, (e) on October 21 2017 presenting comics Tretan and Rizki, there was 1 conventional implicature data, (f) on October 22, 2017 presenting the comics Tretan and Coki, there were 2 conventional implicature data, (g) on October 28, 2017 presenting, the comic Yuda Keling there was 1 conventional implicature data, and (h) on October 29, 2017 presenting the comic Yuda Keling, there were 3 conventional implicature data.
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Vallée, Richard. "Conventional implicature revisited." Journal of Pragmatics 40, no. 3 (March 2008): 407–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2007.10.006.
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Annisa Fajar Aprilia and Ira Eko Retnosari. "IMPLIKATUR PERCAKAPAN DALAM TRANSAKSI JUAM BELI DI UJUNG SURAMADU MADURA." Buana Bastra 5, no. 2 (February 3, 2022): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/bastra.vol5.no2.a5030.
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This research is based on the occurrence of conversation implicature transactions in buying and selling transactions at the end of Suramadu Madura. Implications in conversation are conventional forms of implicature and unconventional implicatures. This research is a kind of conversational implicature in a sale and purchase transaction at the end of Suramadu Madura. This method is a descriptive method. The purpose of this study is to describe the pattern of systematic, factual and accurate relationships between the phenomena investigated. Implicit in the sale and purchase transaction at the end of Suramadu Madura has two types, namely: conventional implicature and unconventional implicature. Conventional Implication is a type of implicature derived from the meaning of words, not from the principle of conversation. Whereas nonconventional implicatures are the implications of pragmatics implicit in conversation. In communication, speech always presents functional functions and in conversation, intentions implied.
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Eric McCready. "Conventional Implicature and Classifiers." Journal of Cognitive Science 10, no. 2 (December 2009): 195–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.17791/jcs.2009.10.2.195.
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Barker, S. "Truth and Conventional Implicature." Mind 112, no. 445 (January 1, 2003): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mind/112.445.1.
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Nurhaliza, Siti, and Zulfan Sahri. "IMPLICATURE IN SAIKIRAN’S STAND UP COMEDY SCRIPT DARK SKIN AND GETTING MARRIED." JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE 3, no. 2 (November 29, 2021): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30743/jol.v3i2.4490.
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This research focuses on implicature in Saikiran’s Stand Up Comedy Script Dark Skin and Getting Married. By using Grice theory of implicature, the make up of this research strongly refers to the use of descriptive qualitative method to process the data, which are originally taken from the script. The analysis reveals two types of implicature i.e. cconventional implicatures and conversational implicatures. Conventional implicature is associated with the general meaning and also related to specific words (but, and, even). Meanwhile, conversational implicature verifies two types, i.e. generalized conversational implicature and particularized conversational implicature. There are 13 data referring to cconventional implicatures and 4 data to conversational implicatures (2 data generalized conversational implicatures and 2 data particularized conversational implicatures). The results of this research indicate that Saikiran uses those implicatures when he wants the audience to understand about his life condition in funny ways, and the audience will possibly find it difficult to understand if they do not know his utterances in the contexts.
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Rusmiadie, Dedie. "CONVERSATIONAL IMPLICATURE IN RAJá¾¹ AL-SANEA’S NOVEL BANá¾¹T AL-RIYᾹḌ (بنات الرّياض) (A Content Analysis)." BAHTERA : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra 17, no. 2 (July 14, 2018): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/bahtera.172.02.
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Objective of this study is to gain understanding about types of implicature and violation of cooperative Maxim in Rajaa Al Sanea’s novel The Girl of Riyadh (بنات الرّياض). The study took place between August, 2016 and March, 2017. The study was a qualitative study with content analysis method, which involved data collection, data processing, data analysis and data display. The focus of this study was analyzing two types of implicatures used in utterances in the novel, namely conventional and non-conventional implicature as well as violations of Grice’s Cooperative Principles resulting in implicature, namely Maxim of quantity, Maxim of relevance, Maxim of manner, Maxim of relevance-quality, Maxim of quantity-quality and Maxim of quantity-manner. The findings of this study have theoretical contributions to Arabic learning theories in university, in general and provide examples of foreign language implicatures, in particular.
Keywords: Conventional Implicature, Conversational Implicature, Violation of Cooperative Maxim
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Wahyuningsih, Hikmah, and Zainal Rafli. "IMPLIKATUR PERCAKAPAN DALAM STAND UP COMEDY 4." BAHTERA : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra 16, no. 2 (July 2, 2017): 139–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/bahtera.162.09.
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AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh pemahaman mendalam mengenai jenis implikatur, sifat implikatur dan maksim kerja sama dalam Stand Up Comedy 4 Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilakukan dari bulan November 2016 hingga Januari 2017 melalui video rekaman stand up comedy 4. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada implikatur, dengan subfokus jenis implikatur, sifat implikatur, dan maksim kerja sama. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif, dengan cara mengumpulkan data, mengolah data, menganalisis data, dan menyajikan data. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat terdapat dua jenis implikatur yaitu implikatur percakapan dan implikatur konvensional, tiga sifat implikatur, yaitu sifat daya batal, daya pisah, dan daya kalkulabilitas, serta maksim kerja sama, maksim kuantitatif, maksim kualitatif, maksim cara, dan maksim relevansi. Kategori-kategori tersebut tersebar ke dalam beberapa jenis yang memiliki fungsinya masing-masing.Kata Kunci : Jenis Implikatur, Sifat Implikatur, Maksim Kerja SamaAbstractThis study aimed to obtain understanding of the types of implicatures, implicature and maxims of cooperation in Stand Up Comedy 4 Indonesia. The study was conducted from November 2016 to January 2017 through a stand up comedy 4 video recording. The study focused on implicatures, with sub-types of implicatur, implicature, and cooperation maxims. This research is a qualitative research, by collecting data, processing data, analyzing data, and presenting data. The results of this study indicate that there are two types of implicatures: conversational implicatures and conventional implicatures, three implicature properties, namely the nature of invalidity, separation, and calculability, and maxim of cooperation, quantitative maxim, qualitative maxim, maxim of means, and maxim relevance . The categories are spread into several types that have their respective functions.Keywords: Type of Implicatures, implicature, Maximize Cooperation
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SARI, PUSPITA, and ANNE JULITZA LITBAGAY. "Implicature in the Dialogue of 500 Days of Summer Movie by Marc Webb: the Study of Pragmatics." English Journal Literacy Utama 3, no. 1 (December 2, 2018): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33197/ejlutama.vol3.iss1.2019.32.
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The title of this research is ??Implicate in The Dialogue of 500 Days of Summer Movie by Marc Webb: Pragmatics Study??. The topic studied in this research is about implicature that is as a tool of meaning submission implicitly in an utterance. This research aims to identify and analyze types of implicature and levels of intended meaning that appear in the dialog of 500 Days of Summer movie. The method of this research is descriptive analysis method. The descriptive analysis method is a method that explains or describes an object research through analyzed data. The source of data used is taken from the dialog of 500 Days of Summer movie, derived from the website. The results of this research show that there are four types of implicature appear in the dialog of 500 Days of Summer and there are 30 data have been analyzed as implicatures. There are data as generalized conversational implicature, 2 data as scalar implicature, 19 data as particularized conversational implicature, and 8 data as conventional implicature. Besides that, the results show that the implicatures contain intended meanings that have been classified according to the levels of intended meaning. There are 6 data as speaker??s literal meaning, 2 data as speaker??s occasion meaning, 13 data as the hint level, 6 data as the manipulation level, 2 data as the secret deception level, and one utterance as the subconscious or self-deception level. Therefore, it can be concluded that particularized conversational implicature is a dominant implicature and the hint level as a dominant level of intended meaning that appear in the dialog of 500 Days of Summer movie.
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Potts, Christopher. "Into the Conventional-Implicature Dimension." Philosophy Compass 2, no. 4 (July 2007): 665–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-9991.2007.00089.x.
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Betti, Mohammed Jasim, and Noor Sattar Khalaf. "A Pragma-Stylistic Study of Implicature in Shakespeare's Hamlet and Twelfth Night." International Linguistics Research 4, no. 3 (September 2, 2021): p12. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/ilr.v4n3p12.
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Implicature is commonly defined as the dissimilarity between what is said and what is meant. The variance lies between the conspicuous meaning of written and spoken words and the meaning that lies beneath what is said. This study aims at analyzing and discussing Shakespeare's Hamlet and Twelfth Night in terms of generalized and particularized conversational and conventional implicature. The model used in the analysis is coined from a variety of pragmatic theories, implicature, Grice's maxims, irony, indirect speech acts, context, and hedges. It is hypothesized that the number of implicature cases in Twelfth Night is bigger than that in Hamlet, generation of implicatures by the characters in the two plays is highly determined by social factors, Hamlet and Cesario use implicature more than other characters, the most used implicature is the particularized one, the purpose of using implicatures differs in the plays, implicature is generated from flouting Grice's maxims and most implicatures are made by violating the relation maxim. The study concludes that the implications in Hamlet are more than those in Twelfth Night, that Shakespeare uses two implicatures generalized and particularized, and that Implicature in Hamlet and Twelfth Night is generated mostly by violating the maxims of quality. As for the least flouted maxim in the two plays is the maxim of quantity.
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Taguchi, Naoko, Shuai Li, and Yan Liu. "Comprehension of conversational implicature in L2 Chinese." Pragmatics and Cognition 21, no. 1 (November 1, 2013): 139–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.21.1.06tag.
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This study examined the ability to comprehend conventional and non-conventional implicatures, and the effect of proficiency and learning context (foreign language learners vs. heritage learners) on comprehension of implicature in L2 Chinese. Participants were three groups of college students of Chinese: elementary-level foreign language learners (n=21), advanced-level foreign language learners (n=25), and advanced-level heritage learners (n=25). They completed a 36-item computer-delivered listening test measuring their ability to comprehend three types of implicature: conventional indirect refusals, conventional indirect opinions, and non-conventional indirect opinions. Comprehension was analyzed for accuracy (scores on a multiple-choice measure) and comprehension speed (average time taken to answer items correctly). There was a significant effect of implicature type on accuracy, but not on comprehension speed. A significant effect of participant group was observed on accuracy, but the effect was mixed on comprehension speed.
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안영란. "On the Status of Conventional Implicature." English Language and Linguistics 19, no. 1 (April 2013): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17960/ell.2013.19.1.001.
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Stokke, Andreas. "II—Conventional Implicature, Presupposition, and Lying." Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume 91, no. 1 (June 2017): 127–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arisup/akx004.
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Francescotti, Robert M. "Even: The conventional implicature approach reconsidered." Linguistics and Philosophy 18, no. 2 (April 1995): 153–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00985215.
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Salmon, William. "Double Subjects and Conventional Implicatures." International Review of Pragmatics 1, no. 2 (2009): 249–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187730909x12535267111570.
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AbstractThis paper considers the class of meaning that Grice (1975) referred to as conventional implicature (CI). There has been a great deal of discussion on this topic since the work of Potts (2005), and much new data has been brought to bear on the subject. However, in the midst of this new work, we have got away from Grice's original conception, and the fact that CIs as defined by Potts are different than what Grice originally intended is often overlooked. The dislocation construction known as a double-subject sentence (DSS), makes a nice test case for exploring the two conceptions of conventional implicature. I show that the DSS meets three of Potts' four CI criteria quite readily. Yet, Potts' criterion that CIs be speaker-oriented — which distinguishes them from Gricean CIs — is difficult to illustrate for the DSS. I then show that this criterion is empirically unsustainable and so should be abandoned. This leaves us with a system that is essentially Gricean, in which the DSS is given a straightforward account.
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Legiansyah, Ginanjar, and Ida Zuraida Supri. "INVESTIGATING IMPLICATURE IN ILLOCUTIONARY ACTS EMPLOYED BY MUSEUM GUIDE AND ENGLISH SPEAKING TOURISTS." English Journal Literacy Utama 4, no. 2 (June 8, 2020): 208–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33197/ejlutama.vol4.iss2.2020.416.
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This research aims at identifying types of implicature and analyzing types speech acts and the strategies employed by the speakers and hearers during the visit at the Museum Asian African Conference. The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive analysis, where the data is collected, then sorted and categorized and finally analyzed based on the theory. The results show that 1) two types of implicatures are found; conversational implicature (91%) and conventional implicature (9%), 2) Four types of illocutionary acts encountered in the conversation; assertive (90%), directive (6%) commissive (93%) and expressive (1%) and 3) Both strategies are used in delivering illocutionary acts; direct strategies (94%) is more dominant than the indirect one (6%).
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Samitharathana Thero, Rev Wadigala. "A Contrastive Analysis: What is the Conventional Implicature? Is the “Bad” Content of a Slur Conveyed as a Conventional Implicature?" European Journal of Language and Culture Studies 1, no. 1 (February 13, 2022): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejlang.2022.1.1.1.
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The conventional implicature, arguably, refers to plenty of linguistic aspects with respect to episteme, metaphysics, as well as semantic criticism of language. Accordingly, the conventional implication consists of a sort of specific literal meanings, which slightly differ from the conversational implication. In addition to that, the particular taxonomy of slur words intends to utter a variety of dyslogistic, disparaging expressions in terms of bad or awful contents along with immoral conducts of a word. Hence, it is, apparently, debatable and doubtful that to what extent slur words can convey unethical substance in a way of the conventional implicature? This contrastive article, therefore, attempts to examine credible reasons for clarifying the thesis: the awful essence of pejorative words comes with a conventional implicature. Correspondingly, I have emphasised a few substantial findings such as combinatorial externalism, prohibitionism alongside expressivism. However, notwithstanding this semantic analysis, it is restricted to investigate epistemic and metaphysical affiliations in this regard.
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Inagaki, Akiko. "Pragmatic development, the L2 motivational self-system, and other affective factors in a study-abroad context." East Asian Pragmatics 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 145–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/eap.38218.
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This study investigates (1) whether the pragmatic competence of Japanese learners of English improves when studying abroad and (2) the relationship between the learners' pragmatic development and their motivational factors. In order to investigate the pragmatic comprehension of conventional/non-conventional implicatures, a Pragmatic Comprehension Test (PCT) was given to approximately 150 Japanese learners of English before and after a sixteen-week study-abroad programme. A questionnaire exploring motivational factors, such as intrinsic/extrinsic motivation, L2 ideal/ought-to selves, Can-Do attitude, and willingness to communicate was also circulated amongst the participants before the programme. Factor analysis was performed to determine which factors were related to learners' motivation, and six factors were selected. The results indicated that the participants developed comprehension of conventional implicature but not non-conventional implicature. A cluster analysis was conducted on the participants' PCT scores, and the participants were divided into three groups. The highest scoring group showed a statistically significant result on one factor - confidence.
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Salmon, William. "Conventional implicature, presupposition, and the meaning of must." Journal of Pragmatics 43, no. 14 (November 2011): 3416–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2011.07.011.
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Barker, S. J. "Is value content a component of conventional implicature?" Analysis 60, no. 3 (July 1, 2000): 268–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/analys/60.3.268.
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JANSSENS, LEEN, STEPHANIE DROOGHMANS, and WALTER SCHAEKEN. "But: Do age and working memory influence conventional implicature processing?" Journal of Child Language 42, no. 3 (July 18, 2014): 695–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000914000312.
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ABSTRACTConventional implicatures are omnipresent in daily life communication but experimental research on this topic is sparse, especially research with children. The aim of this study was to investigate if eight- to twelve-year-old children spontaneously make the conventional implicature induced by but, so, and nevertheless in ‘p but q’ sentences. Additionally, the study aimed to shed light on the cognitive effort required for these inferences by measuring working memory (WM) capacity. Our results show that children do make these inferences to a certain extent, but are sensitive to the content of the arguments. We found a significant effect of sentence type, but did not observe any developmental effect, nor any effect of WM: a higher age or WM capacity does not result in more pragmatic inferences.
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Rahmi, Elsya, and Tressyalina Tressyalina. "Implikatur dalam Lawakan Komika Abdur pada Acara Stand Up Comedy." Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, dan Budaya 10, no. 1 (December 10, 2020): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/lensa.10.1.2020.83-93.
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ABSTRAK Lawakan komika Abdur pada acara Stand Up Comedy tersebut mengandung implikatur. Kajian pragmatik mengenai implikatur dalam lawakan komika Abdur pada acara Stand Up Comedy di dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teori Grice dengan adanya 2 jenis implikatur, yakni: (1) implikatur konvensional dan (2) implikatur nonkonvensional atau implikatur percakapan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data pada penelitian ini adalah tuturan komika Abdur pada acara Stand Up Comedy yang diperoleh melalui Youtube. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan implikatur yang terdapat dalam lawakan komika Abdur pada acara Stand Up Comedy dan jenis implikatur yang terdapat dalam lawakan tersebut. Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian dilakukan dengan teknik simak dan catat, sedangkan analisis data melalui langkah identifikasi data, reduksi data, klasifikasi data, dan interpretasi data. Hasil penelitian sebagai berikut. (1) terdapat implikatur dalam lawakan Abdur pada acara Stand Up Comedy dan (2) ada 11 implikatur konvensional dalam lawakan Abdur pada acara Stand Up Comedy dan tidak ada implikatur nonkonvensional dalam lawakan tersebut.Kata Kunci: Implikatur, lawakan, stand up comedy ABSTRACT The Abdur’s jokes on the Stand Up Comedy show contains implicature. This pragmatic study about the implicature of a comic Abdur’s jokes on Stand Up Comedy Show uses Grice’s theory in the presence of 2 types of implicature, namely: (1) conventional implicature and (2) non-conventional impicature or conversational implicature. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. The source of the research data is the Abdur’s speech on the Stand Up Comedy show obtained through YouTube. The purpose of this study is to describe the implicature of a comic Abdur’s jokes on Stand Up Comedy show. The data are collected by listening and note taking techniques. The data analysis steps include data identification, data reduction, data classification, and interpretation. The results of this study are as follows. (1) there are implicature of a comic Abdur’s Jokes on Stand Up Comedy Show and (2) there are 11 conventional implicature of a comic Abdur’s Jokes on Stand Up Comedy show and there is not non-conventional implicature.Keywords: Implicature, jokes, stand up comedy
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Hara, Yurie. "Diachronic Semantic Shift of Sequential Conjunction: the Causal to Conditional Path." Semantics and Linguistic Theory 29 (December 9, 2019): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v29i0.4614.
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This paper analyzes the semantic shift of a Japanese construction V-e-bafrom causal to conditional. The conventional meaning of the V-e-ba constructionis a sequential conjunction in the sense of update semantics. The causal meaning in Old Japanese is obtained by an I-implicature, whilethe conditional meaning in Modern Japanese is obtained by Q-implicatures. Theproposed diachronic development is in accordance with Deo’s (2015) EvolutionaryGame Theory model.
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Khairat, Mutia El. "Implicatures in Political Discourse on Indonesia Lawyers Club Show." Journal Polingua : Scientific Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Education 5, no. 1 (March 29, 2018): 4–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/polingua.v5i1.18.
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Implicature in political discourse is one of interesting problem to be studied in linguistics. Sometimes, many politicians usesentences which imply something different than the literal meaning for certain political purposes. Mass media is one of intercessionbetween political doer and people, such as a talk show or dialogue of politics on television. Indonesia Lawyers Club is one of dialoguein television, which discuss about political issues in Indonesia. This article aimed at describing and explaining forms and kinds ofimplicature used in political discourse by using implicature theory from Grice (1975) and Gazdar (1979). The method use in collectingthe data is observational method and technique of Non Participant Observation (NPO) followed by recording and note takingtechnique. Furthermore, this study uses referential and pragmatic identity method in analyzing data. It is a descriptive research inwhich using a qualitative approach. The data of the research are taken from utterances as found in the political dialogue entitledIndonesia Lawyers Club, as TV programs. The result of research shows that implicature has found and used in political discourse inIndonesia Lawyers Club by breaking the cooperation principle in declarative and negative form, while interogative is not found inthis show. Besides, the use of implicature also found in the kinds of conventional implicature, generalized conversational andparticularized conventional implicature, and scalar implicature. Furthermore, the meaning of implicature consists of criticism,teasing, obscurity of meaning, image projection, agree, disagree, and euphemism. Pragmatics functions in implicature consist ofassertive, directive, expressive and commisive. Finally, the value in implicature consists of political value, those are self-image ofideology, power, aversion, democracy, and protection, and morality value.
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Widya Kusuma, Ni Made Yunita, and Ngurah Indra Pradhana. "Daya Perlokusi pada Implikatur Percakapan dalam Anime Tsuki Ga Kirei." Jurnal SAKURA : Sastra, Bahasa, Kebudayaan dan Pranata Jepang 4, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/js.2022.v04.i01.p02.
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The goals of this research are to find and describe the kinds of conversational implicature and the power of perlocutionary effect on conversational implicature in Anime Tsuki Ga Kirei. The theories that are used come from Yule about classification of implicature and perlocutionary act from Austin. The method that used is descriptive qualitative method. The result shows that particularized conversational implicature were found to be more than generalized conversational implicature. Because, the additional knowledge possessed by each character was not equal. Meanwhile, scalar implicature and conventional implicature were not found. The perlocutionary effect on generalized implicature is in line with the implications of utterance. Then, perlocutionary effect in particularized conversational implicature are 11 data know the special knowledges and in line with the implications of utterance, 3 data know the special knowledges but not in line with the implications, and 1 data did not know the special knowledges and not in line with the implications.
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Ugwu, Emmanuel Chukwudi, and Chukwuma Charles Motanya. "Conventional implicatures of the 2019 Presidential Tribunal: implications for the Nigerian leadership, media and users." UJAH: Unizik Journal of Arts and Humanities 20, no. 3 (October 30, 2020): 250–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ujah.v20i3.14.
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Conventional implicature deals with non-truth conditional content of the expression in any given situation. Nigerians went into the general election in the year 2019, which various positions were contested and so many conditions that took place. Political parties were at the helm of the affairs doing what they know how best to do, through manifestos, campaign, propaganda and so on. Later, there was outcome of the presidential tribunal, especially among the first and topmost two contenders in the election and actual implicature transpired in the judgement. The implication lies at what the majority sees as a rape of democracy and the court ruling. Language of affidavit became awash on the social media. So many non-truth conditions were generated on the media after the ruling. To ascertain this implicature, this study applied the qualitative research by using purposive sampling technique in gathering the data and its analysis. The study reveals the social vices in this situation against dwindling areas in our leadership and how it affects those using the language.
Keywords: Conventional, Implicature, Language, Affidavit, leadership, Presidential, Social Media
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Rahayu, Endry Sri Rahayu Sri, and Safnil . "TYPES OF IMPLICATURE IN INFORMAL CONVERSATIONS USED BY THE ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM STUDENTS." JOALL (Journal of Applied Linguistics & Literature) 1, no. 1 (February 4, 2018): 65–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/joall.v1i1.3942.
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Implicature was refers to implied meaning in utterance that can be understood by indirectly expression. In informal conversation was occurred the hidden meaning of what actually said by the speakers. This study was investigated the types of implicature in informal conversations used by the English education study program students. The study was aimed to analyze the types of implicature and how the implicature is carried out in the informal conversations. The method of study was a descriptive qualitative method. The subjects of this study were 25 students of English study program who have informal conversation. The students’ conversation was transcribed and analyzed by using checklist instrument. The results was shown that 1) there were three types of implicature found in the informal conversations; conventional implicature, generalized conversational implicature and particularized conversational implicature, and 2) the implicature is carried out in the informal conversations by the used of generalized conversational implicature and particularized conversational implicature. Moreover, a conclusion is students in the informal conversation have potentially implicature that indicates that their utterance has implied meaning. The suggestions, the study about implicature should be conducted in different area such as movie, drama or others, to give enrichment information in the Pragmatics study.
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Rosyiidah, Afiifah Al. "AN ANALYSIS OF IMPLICATURES FOUND IN WHATSAPP STORIES." Prosodi 14, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/prosodi.v14i1.7195.
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This study focuses on implicatures found in the WhatsApp stories. This study aims to find and explain types of implicatures found in WhatsApp stories using the theory proposed by Yule (1996). This study employs qualitative design as the research design. In addition, content analysis is applied to obtain the data in which the writer becomes the key instrument of the study. Interactive data analysis, then, is conducted to analyze and explain the data. The data of the study are taken from WhatsApp stories that appears in the writer’s WhatsApp application. This study shows the findings of the types of implicatures. The data are classified into four types of implicatures: generalized conversational implicatures (5 data), particularized conversational implicatures (7 data), scalar implicature (2 data), and conventional implicatures (1 datum).
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Kravchenko, Nataliia. "Illocution of direct speech acts via conventional implicature and semantic presupposition." Lege Artis 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 128–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lart-2017-0004.
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Abstract The research introduces the notion of the additional illocution subdivided into illocution-expander, illocution-intensifier, and assessment illocution. Each component is characterized by a different type of correlations with conventional implicature and semantic presupposition. Two types of correlations have been specified: the match in meanings and triggers and the mediation by felicity conditions.
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Fitzmaurice, Susan M. "“Plethoras of witty verbiage” and “heathen Greek”." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 3, no. 1 (January 25, 2002): 31–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.3.1.03fit.
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This paper draws upon Horn’s reworking of Grice’s conversational maxims as Q- and R-principles in order to provide a rich pragmatic reading of British comic drama, from the London comedies of Ben Jonson, to the restoration comedy of William Wycherley to the late twentieth-century London comedy of Steven Berkoff. I demonstrate that short-circuited implicatures (SCIs) as well as conventional and conversational implicatures operate to illuminate comic meaning for readers, both knowledgeable and unfamiliar with the historical code and the cultural milieu in which these plays may be set. I conclude that two kinds of pragmatic work are involved in reading comic drama: conversational implicature is situation- rather than code-based, and depends upon our ability to construe pragmatic acts in the dramatic text. The other kind of pragmatic work involves the inference that the meanings intended are conventional and cannot be reconstructed or calculated from what is being said.
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Sakti, Syailendra Eka Elang, Hetty Purnamasari, and Boedi Martono. "IMPLICATES IN THE NOVEL PULANG WORKS OF LEILA SALIKHA CHUDORI USING A PRAGMATIC APPROACH." Wacana : Jurnal Bahasa, Seni, dan Pengajaran 4, no. 1 (April 25, 2020): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.29407/jbsp.v4i1.14823.
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This study aims to describe (1) Types of Implications in the novel Pulang by Leila Salikha Chudori (2) Implications in the novel Pulang by Leila Salikha Chudori and (3) Mode of Speech in the novel Pulang by Leila Salikha Chudori. This research is descriptive research. This research is focused on issues related to the implications of the pragmatic approach. The purpose of this research is to describe the conventional implicatures and the conversational implicatures. The data in this study are in the form of sentences in utterances that contain implicatures. Obtaining data in this study by reading and note taking techniques. After the data is collected, the data is classified according to its type, form and mode. After the classification of the data is completed then analyzed to find out the sentences containing the implicature then the conclusion of the research results.
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Yanika, Selva Putri, Ixsir Eliya, and Ali Akbar Jono. "Fungsi Sastra Lisan pada Acara Bedindang di Desa Air Kemang, Kecamatan Pino Raya, Bengkulu Selatan: Kajian Pragmatik (The Functions of Oral Literature in Bedindang Events at Air Kemang Village, Pino Raya District, Bengkulu Selatan: a Pragmatic Study)." Jalabahasa 17, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 56–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.36567/jalabahasa.v17i1.761.
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Salah satu jenis sastra lisan yang hingga kini masih membudaya di Bengkulu Selatan adalah bedindang. Bedindang sebagai sastra lisan mengandung tuturan yang memiliki makna ilokusi beragam karena banyak mengandung perumpamaan dan makna yang tersirat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan wujud implikatur dan fungsi implikatur dalam bedindang. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua pendekatan, yaitu pendekatan pragmatik dan deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada dua wujud implikatur dalam sastra lisan bedindang, yaitu (1) implikatur konvensional dan (2) implikatur percakapan yang terbagi menjadi tiga, yaitu (a) implikatur percakapan umum, (b) implikatur percakapan berskala, dan (c) implikatur percakapan khusus. Wujud-wujud implikatur yang ditemukan dalam analisis memiliki fungsi tertentu yang ingin disampaikan penutur. Ada tiga jenis fungsi, yaitu (1) fungsi direktif, (2) fungsi ekspresif, dan (3) fungsi asertif. One type of oral literature that is still cultivated in South Bengkulu is bedindang. Bedindang, as an oral literature, contains utterances that have various illocutionary meanings as it contains many parables and implied meanings. This study aims to describe the implicature form and implicature function in bedindang. There are two approaches used, namely the pragmatic approach and the qualitative descriptive approach. The results revealed two forms of implicature in bedindang oral literature: (1) conventional implicature and (2) conversational implicature. Conversational implicature is divided into three, namely (a) general conversation, (b) scaled conversation, and (c) conversation implicature with special context. Additionally, the implied forms found in the analysis have three specific functions which the speaker wishes to convey: (1) directive, (2) expressive, and (3) assertive.
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Jamaluddin, Ahmad Fauzi, Maryadi Maryadi, and Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi. "A PRAGMATIC STUDY OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IN ANONYMOUS MOVIE SCRIPT." Academy of Education Journal 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.47200/aoej.v8i1.336.
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The research aims at describing the types of figurative language, implicature, and flouting maxim of Anonymous movie. The research employs the descriptive qualitative as the type of the research. The data source of this research is the script of Anonymous movie. Techniques of collecting data are watching the Anonymous movie, searching then downloading the Anonymous movie script, reading the Anonymous movie script, identifying the types of figurative languages in the movie script and underlying them, typing those figurative languages in paper, describing the types of figurative language by using Perrine theory and coding the data. The techniques of data analysis are describing the types of figurative language found in the Anonymous Movie Script, the writer uses Perrine theory (1977), describing the types the implicature, the writer refers to the theory of Grice (1989), and drawing discussion, describing the flouting maxim, the writer uses Cutting’s theory (2002). The data are shown with the italic, bold and underline words. One datum analysis presents figurative language, implicature and flouting maxim analysis. So, it doesn’t analyze separately. The result of the study shows that 1) the types of figurative language are: Metaphor (30.56%) which always uses an implicit comparison at the movie’s mind. The second position is Hyperbole (27.78%), and the third position is Simile (19.44%) and the fourth position is Personification (16.67%). Based on the frequency of occurrence, Irony (5.56%) is in the last position. 2) The all implicature of figurative languages cover conversational implicature (100%) and none of them are conventional implicature (0%). The conversational implicature divided into: particularized conversational implicature (94.44%) and generalized conversational implicature (5.56%) (3) The flouting maxim are used by the characters: flouting maxim of quality (86.11%), flouting maxim of relation (5.56%), flouting maxim of manner (5.56%), flouting maxim of quantity (2.78%).
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김일규. "Is contrastive implicature induced by Korean CT-marking -(n)un conventional or conversational?" Korean Journal of Linguistics 43, no. 2 (June 2018): 223–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18855/lisoko.2018.43.2.003.
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Mckeon, Matthew William. "Inference Claims as Assertions." Informal Logic 41, no. 3 (September 9, 2021): 359–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/il.v41i3.6844.
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When a speaker states an argument in arguing—in its core sense—for the conclusion, the speaker asserts, as opposed to merely implies or implicates, the associated inference claim to the effect that the conclusion follows from the premises. In defense of this, I argue that how an inference claim is conveyed when stating an argument is constrained by constitutive and normative conditions for core cases of the speech of arguing for a conclusion. The speech act of assertion better reflects such conditions than does implication, conversational implicature, or conventional implicature.
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Rina, Nova, Yusrita Yanti, and Hayqal Idham. "IMPLICATURE IN THE INTERNET MEMES: SEMIO-PRAGMATICS ANALYSIS." Journal of Cultura and Lingua 1, no. 1 (September 28, 2020): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37301/culingua.v1i1.7.
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Internet memes refer to memes that are spread through the Internet, from person to person via social networks, blogs, direct email, or news sources. The main purpose of internet memes are for humorous or to entertain the readers. However, not all people can easily interpret a meme. This phenomenon appears to be the case because several internet memes contain implied meaning or implicature due to the limited caption available and the picture it brings which has its own character and representation. The purpose of this research is to describe the implicature in the internet memes by using Grice's theory in the perspective semiotics and pragmatics due to all of contexts, symbol, icon, and index in the memes influence the interpretation of the implied meaning and the intention. In this analysis, the writers uses qualitative method. The data were taken from the three meme websites: 9gag.com, knowyourmeme.com and memecenter.com. The data collected have been completely analyzed based on the research questions. The results show the most dominant memes spread of using conventional implicature. There are six categories found based on its idea and representation; they are (1) masculinity, (2) personal experience, (3) loneliness, (4) social events, (5) false analogy and (6) sarcasm. Then, there are at least two contexts that influence the implication of each meme, and the most dominant influence is the social contexts.
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Cruschina, Silvio. "Focus Fronting in Spanish: Mirative implicature and information structure." Probus 31, no. 1 (May 27, 2019): 119–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/probus-2018-0008.
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Abstract In Romance, Focus Fronting (FF) is generally related to a contrastive or corrective function. In this paper, I show that Spanish may resort to FF to express a special evaluative meaning, namely, a mirative (conventional) implicature of surprise and unexpectedness. Mirative FF is problematic for the traditional analyses of FF because it is not necessarily contrastive and does not guarantee the traditional articulation of the sentence into a new and a given part. The results of a syntactic experiment on the distribution and interpretation of FF in European Spanish show that speakers accept FF not only in the corrective but also in the mirative context. The acceptability of mirative FF thus proves that FF in Spanish is not exclusively limited to contrast or linked to information-structural requirements such as the new-old information distinction. FF may also be used to express a mirative implicature that requires a set of focal alternatives in order to be interpreted correctly.
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Novelly, Yustitiayu, and Agustina Agustina. "SPEECH ACT USED BY NADIM MAKARIM, THE MINISTER OF EDUCATION, CULTURE, RESEARCH, AND TECHNOLOGY ABOUT INDEPENDENT LEARNING POLICY." Journal of Cultura and Lingua 2, no. 3 (September 29, 2021): 180–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.37301/culingua.v2i3.99.
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This research was motivated by the use of simple, straightforward, and familiar language as well as an open communication pattern through various discussions and talks by Nadim Makarim (henceforth NM) in launching and conveying his policies as Minister of Education and Culture. On that basis, it is worth studying the speech acts used by NM in the Merdeka Learning program so that it can be implemented quickly by the implementers and users and has a positive impact on the implementation of the policies it makes. Therefore, this study aims to explain and analyze, (1) types of speech acts; (2) speaking strategy; and (3) implicature speech acts used in NM's talks and discussions as Minister of Education and Culture. This type of research is qualitative with a descriptive method. The data in this study are the utterances or sentences conveyed in the 2019 National Teacher's Day talk and the 3 Episodes of the Merdeka Learning policy discussion. The data source of this study was taken from the Youtube channel of the Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia. The results of this study are as follows. First, five types of speech act used by NM in the discussion and discussion of the Merdeka Learning policy, namely (a) representative, (b) directive, (c) expressive, (d) commissive, and (e) declarative; dominant speech acts were found to be representative, (state, mention, explain and report); and the dominant locus was found to explain. Second, the three speaking strategies used by NM, namely (a) TTBB, (b) TBKP, and (c) TBKN, were dominated by the TBKP speaking strategy. Third, there are two speech act implicatures used by NM, namely (a) conventional implicatures and (b) implicatures in the use of the figure of speech, the forms of the figure of speech contained are metaphor, tutology, rhetoric, and meiosis; The dominant implicature found is implicature in the use of the figure of speech, namely with tutology figure of speech. The implications of this research, for the world of education, are targeting (1) school units, namely changing the education system in schools, changing the National Examination, the effectiveness of zoning, providing easy sharing of BOS funds; (2) higher education units, in SKS, universities must do a lot of collaboration-collaboration with companies, facilitating the accreditation system; and (3) Teachers/Lecturers, improve the quality of learning, creative, innovative, varied; do a lot of discussions; understand IT.
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Sailer, Manfred. "‘Doing the devil’: Deriving the PPI-hood of a negation-expressing multi-dimensional idiom." Linguistics 56, no. 2 (February 13, 2018): 401–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2017-0041.
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Abstract This paper discusses the German idiomatic expression einen/den Teufel tun ‘do a/the devil’ which is used for emphatic rejection. It is shown that this expression is a PPI, as it cannot occur in the scope of negation. I will motivate that the asserted content of the expression is negation. With German being a non-negative concord language, the co-occurrence of several expressions of negation is usually avoided. This typological fact leads to two different judgement patterns for sentences with einen/den Teufel tun and a negation marker. The expression also contributes a conventional implicature that expresses an attitude of the subject. This conventional implicature shows an interaction with negation similar to that of evaluative adverbs. I will argue that the PPI-hood of the considered expression is fully reducible to its properties as an idiomatic negation marker in a non-negative concord language and its multi-dimensional semantics.
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Zubaedah, Siti. "IMPLIKATUR DALAM BUKU HUMOR POLITIK INDONESIA KARYA ZAENUDDIN H.M (IMPLICATURES IN INDONESIAN POLITICAL HUMOR BY ZAENUDDIN H.M)." JURNAL BAHASA, SASTRA DAN PEMBELAJARANNYA 11, no. 1 (April 28, 2021): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jbsp.v11i1.10567.
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Abstract Implicatures in Indonesian Political Humor by Zaenuddin HM. This research is intended to describe conventional and conversational implicatures which contained in Zanenuddin’s works. The researcher use descriptive method and the approach which is used by the researcher is qualitative research as a pragmatic study. The research data and data source are taken from Zaenuddin’s works entitled ‘Humor Politik Indonesia’. Data collection method used are listening and documentation method . Instrument which is used in this research is researcher herself and she uses water analysis method to analyze the data research. According to the results of data analysis, the researcher founds implicatures in Zanenuddin’s works. Conventional and conversational implicatures found in every utterances with functions like, a. wishing, b. ordering, and c. mocking or teasing function. Key words: implicature, humor, political, Zaenuddin Abstrak Implikatur dalam Buku Wacana Humor Politik Indonesia karya Zaenuddin HM: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan wujud implikatur percakapan dan wujud implikatur konvensional yang terdapat dalam buku karya Zaenuddin tersebut. Pendekatan yang digunakan oleh peneliti adalah pendekatan kualitatif, yang merupakan jenis penelitian pragmatik. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif. Data dan sumber data yang bersumber dari buku humor politik karya Zaenuddin. Teknik yang digunakan ialah metode dokumentasi dan simak. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini adalah diri sendiri. Teknis analisis menggunakan model air Miles dan Huberman (2014:18). Hasil analisis menemukan wujud implikatur dalam buku humor politik karya Zaenuddin adalah: menemukan wujud implikatur percakapan dan implikatur konvensional yang dalam setiap tuturan terdapat juga fungsi, fungsinya yaitu sebagai berikut a) fungsi mengharap, b) fungsi memerintah, c) fungsi menyindir, dan d) fungsi mengkritik. Kata-kata kunci: implikatur, humor, politik, Zaenuddin
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Oshima, David Yoshikazu. "The meanings of perspectival verbs and their implications on the taxonomy of projective content/conventional implicature." Semantics and Linguistic Theory 26 (October 15, 2016): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v26i0.3789.
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This work discusses the presuppositional meanings of three kinds of perspectival (perspective-sensitive) verbs: (i) motion-deictic verbs, (ii) empathy-loaded verbs, and (iii) referent-honorific verbs, and their implications on the taxonomy of "projective content", which subsumes but is not limited to presupposition. Building on Tonhauser, Beaver, Roberts & Simons's (2013; "Toward a taxonomy of projective content", Language 89) four-way classification of projective content, I propose a more fine-grained, six-way classification that distinguishes "global-context oriented" content, which obligatorily projects through a "filter" operator such as a belief predicate, and "ambioriented" content, which optionally does so. I also develop a "pseudo-multidimensional" representation of natural language meaning, where (i) proffered content, (ii) nonpresuppositional projective content, and (iii) presuppositional projective content have distinct roles in the sentence meaning, while anaphoric interaction across them is nevertheless possible.
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McDonald, Skye. "Differential pragmatic language loss after closed head injury: Ability to comprehend conversational implicature." Applied Psycholinguistics 13, no. 3 (July 1992): 295–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716400005658.
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AbstractTwo experiments in which 2 closed-head-injured (CHI) subjects and 12 non-brain-damaged control subjects took part investigated the capacity to comprehend indirect speech acts. In the first experiment, the subjects were required to interpret conventional indirect speech acts. One CHI subject, but not the other, had trouble rejecting the literal meaning. In the second experiment, the subjects were required to interpret the meaning behind two literally conflicting sentences. While the control subjects interpreted these as representing a sarcastic exchange, the CHI subjects were unable to provide an adequate explanation. The results were interpreted in terms of common cognitive deficits after closed head injury.
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Khoiri, Elvira Chustiana, Budhi Setiawan, and Muhammad Rohmadi. "TINDAK TUTUR ASERTIF DALAM INTERAKSI JUAL-BELI DI PASAR BETENG TRADE CENTER (BTC) LANTAI 2 DAN RELEVANSINYA SEBAGAI MATERI AJAR BAHASA INDONESIA DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS." Basastra: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya 8, no. 2 (November 4, 2020): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/basastra.v8i2.42353.
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<p><em>This study aims to describe (1) assertive speech acts stating what is used in buying and selling interactions between sellers and buyers in the second floor BTC market in the city of Surakarta; (2) the assertive form of assertive speech act stating that is used in buying and selling interactions between sellers and buyers in the second floor BTC market in the city of Surakarta; (3) the implicature function that appears in assertive speech acts states in the interaction of buying and selling between sellers and buyers in the second floor BTC market in the city of Surakarta; and (4) the relevance of assertive speech acts states in the interaction of buying and selling between sellers and buyers in the 2nd floor BTC market as teaching material for negotiating texts in high schools. This study used a qualitative method using a pragmatic study approach related to speech acts.</em> <em>The results of the study are as follows. First, there are 35 variations of speech data that occur in the interaction of buying and selling between sellers and buyers in the second floor BTC market in the city of Surakarta. Second, from 35 assertive utterances stated in the interaction of buying and selling carried out by the seller and buyer are categorized into two forms of implicature, namely conventional and non-conventional. Third, from 35 speech data analyzed the implicature function that emerged from each speech data in the interaction of buying and selling between sellers and buyers in the second floor BTC market in Surakarta. Fourth, Assertive speech acts state that the buying and selling interactions that arise in the BTC market on the 2nd floor can be considered as negotiating text teaching material on basic competence 3.11 constructing negotiating texts for class X SMA by considering variations and learning objectives to be achieved.</em></p>
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Priyantha Gamage, Upul, and Patrick Sadi Makangila. "Conversational Implicature, Humour Theory and the Emergence of Humour: A Pragmatic Analysis of Udurawana’s Stories in Sri Lanka." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 8, no. 6 (November 30, 2019): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.8n.6p.67.
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‘Humour’ in the stories has been investigated in many ways while the prominence of the studies has been captured by the pragmatic analyses. The emergence of humour through language is an interesting conversational implicature that has attracted the academic interest in the recent past. This phenomenon is closely looked at using randomly selected ten stories of Udurawana in this article by applying the Grice’s theory of Conversational Implicature (CI) and the Conventional Theory of Humour in order to examine the ways of generating humour in the context of Grice’s theory by revealing the types of maxims flouted in the selected sample. The study concludes that the maxim mostly flouted in these joke stories is quality and sometimes two or three maxims flouted in a single-story on the surface level but at the deep level quality is the only maxim flouted in all stories under consideration while no evidence found to prove any violation of maxims. The previous conclusions made by the researchers in terms of maxim flouting and violation in the jokes are also not so certain in comparing with the findings of the present study. The study has found out that the humour aspect of almost all the stories under consideration is incongruity while all the stories have associated the particularized conversational implicature to produce the humour aspects. The study has further established that the Udurawana’s humour stories as intended humour stories in which the humour emerges by flouting maxims but not by violating maxims as previous researchers have concluded.
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Beller, Charley Evan. "Accent and description: An account of anaphoric epithets." LSA Annual Meeting Extended Abstracts 1 (May 2, 2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/exabs.v0i0.480.
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Anaphoric epithets are definite descriptions that achieve reference anaphorically. They also convey some expressive content. Potts (2003) analyzes the expressive component as a Conventional Implicature. He proposes that the expressive component is provided by the nominal, reference is provided by a phonologically null variable adjacent to the nominal, and the definite article is semantically contentless. The current analysis agrees that the nominal provides the attitudinal meaning. Rather than positing a null syntactic element reference is achieved by incorporating Elbourne's (2005) proposal that the definite determiner takes an index argument and a nominal argument.
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Kim Cheong-Min. "The Secondary Meaning of Korean Focus Marker Man ‘only’ and to ‘too/also’: A Presupposition or a Conventional Implicature?" Studies in Linguistics ll, no. 41 (October 2016): 135–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17002/sil..41.201610.135.
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Pietarinen, Ahti-Veikko. "Grice in the wake of Peirce." Pragmatics and Cognition 12, no. 2 (December 31, 2004): 295–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.12.2.06pie.
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I argue that many of the pragmatic notions that are commonly attributed to H. P. Grice, or are reported to be inspired by his work on pragmatics, such as assertion, conventional implicature, cooperation, common ground, common knowledge, presuppositions and conversational strategies, have their origins in C. S. Peirce’s theory of signs and his pragmatic logic and philosophy. Both Grice and Peirce rooted their theories in normative rationality, anti-psychologism and the relevance of assertions. With respect to the post-Gricean era of pragmatics, theories of relevance may be seen to have been geared, albeit unconsciously, upon Peirce’s pragmatic agenda.
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Lee, Tommy Tsz-Ming. "Specific unknowns: A case study of epistemic indefinites in Cantonese." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 6, no. 1 (March 20, 2021): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v6i1.4952.
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This paper concerns how languages bundle an existential claim and>an ignorance inference in a nominal expression. I present a case study on epistemic indefinites (EIs) in Cantonese and show that Cantonese EIs have a different morphological makeup (m + zi + WH ‘not + know + WH’), when compared to other more discussed EIs. I suggest that the ignorance component associated with mzi-WH is a conventional implicature and that m-zi obtains an adnominal usage via grammaticalization. It denotes a choice function that comes with an ignorance component that is inherited from the predicative meaning of m-zi.
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Kroeger, Paul R. "Translating Presuppositions." Bible Translator 70, no. 2 (August 2019): 167–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2051677019850262.
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Expressing source language (SL) presuppositions as presuppositions in the receptor language (RL) is sometimes impossible, due to linguistic differences between the languages. In other cases it can cause problems of comprehension or naturalness for RL readers, especially when the “presupposition” constitutes new information to the reader. The most common solution to such problems is to express the presupposed content as a separate assertion. This strategy preserves the propositional content of the original but distorts the information packaging. Another strategy that may be useful in such cases is to render the problematic SL presupposition as a conventional implicature, preserving the “backgrounded” status of the presupposed information without triggering an inference that this information is already known to the addressee.