Academic literature on the topic 'Conventional lending'

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Journal articles on the topic "Conventional lending"

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Putra, Hari Setia, Yunnise Putri, Ali Anis, and Zul Azhar. "Contribution of conventional bank lending for agricultural sector in Indonesia." Jurnal Perspektif Pembiayaan dan Pembangunan Daerah 9, no. 4 (2021): 331–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/ppd.v9i4.13095.

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This study examines the determinant contribution of conventional bank lending for the agricultural sector in Indonesia. The analysis method used in this research is the Vector Correction Model (VECM). The results showed that in the short term, there was no significant effect of the Non-Performing Loan (LogNPL), GDP of Agricultural Sector (LogPDB), and Agricultural Sector Credit Interest Rates (SBK). However, there is an effect of the LogNPL and LogPDB on the conventional bank lending for the agricultural sector in the long term. The LogNPL has a significant positive effect on the contribution
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Mohammad Obeid Gharaibeh, Ahmad, and Mohammad Omar Farooq. "Determinants of bank lending rates: Empirical evidence from conventional retail banks in Bahrain." Banks and Bank Systems 17, no. 4 (2022): 140–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.17(4).2022.12.

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The study attempts to identify the determinants of lending rates in the Kingdom of Bahrain. It examines the impact of certain macroeconomic and banks’ aggregate data variables on the level of interest rates on loans charged by Bahraini conventional retail banks using quarterly data for the period from the 4th quarter of 2012 to the 4th quarter of 2021. The study tests the impact of a consumer price index (CPI), GDP growth rates, loan-to-total assets (loan ratio), liquid assets as a proportion of total assets (liquidity position), personal lending rate, loan-to-deposit ratio, money supply (M2)
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Amalia, Alfi, and Andri Soemitra. "Analysis and Comparison of Financial Technology Peer to Peer Lending Sharia and Conventional." Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS) 4, no. 4 (2022): 2429–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.34007/jehss.v4i4.1091.

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Among the types of fintech that are growing rapidly in Indonesia at this time are peer-to-peer lending fintechs, technology-based money-borrowing fintechs through peer-to-peer lending services have advantages, namely simple requirements and a fast process compared to borrowing and borrowing. money to banking institutions. In addition to conventional peer to peer lending fintech services, there are also sharia peer to peer lending fintech services. This study aims to identify and analyze the differences between conventional peer to peer lending fintech and sharia peer to peer lending fintech an
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Elliyana, Ela, and Irmah Halimah Bachtiar. "FINANCING COMPARISON OF UMKM CONVENTIONAL BANKS AND SYARIAH BANKS IN INDONESIA." Business and Entrepreneurial Review 20, no. 2 (2020): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/ber.v20i2.8032.

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<p>The purpose of this study was to compare the increase in lending for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (UMKM) by Islamic banks and conventional banks after determining the minimum percentage of UMKM credit distribution from the total ceiling of commercial bank lending through Bank Indonesia Regulation (PBI) Number 17/12 /PBI/ 2015, where the mandatory amount of commercial bank lending applies gradually at 5% in 2015 to 20% in 2018. Using quantitative data sourced from the Financial Services Authority (OJK) using the parametric inferential statistical method with the independent T-Te
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Sunaryono, Sunaryono. "KONTRIBUSI DAN PELUANG FINTECH LENDING SYARIAH DI INDONESIA." Jurnal Ekonomi STIEP 7, no. 2 (2022): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.54526/jes.v7i2.110.

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Current technological developments have changed consumer behavior in transactions. In addition, it changed the development of several business sectors in the economic sector. One of these businesses is fintech. Fintech in Indonesia has increased since the start of the Covid-19 pandemic. Based on data from the Central Bureau of Statistics, the contribution of the financial services sector from 2019 to 2022 has increased. In 2019 financial services contributed 2.56% of the total gross domestic product (GDP). In 2022, the third quarter, the financial service rose to 2.68% with a total value of 82
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Saputra, Sahdan, Stevany Hanalyna Dethan, Ridha Nurul Hayati, and Baiq Rabiatu Adawiyah Kartika Wulan. "Financial Technology dan Kredit Bank Umum Konvensional di Indonesia." Target: Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis 4, no. 2 (2023): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30812/target.v4i2.2650.

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This study analyzes the impact of FinTech on the number of conventional commercial bank loans in Indonesia. This study used a sample of 40 conventional commercial banks in Indonesia listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2016-2021 period. The number of observations in the study was 240. FinTech is measured using P2P Lending and FinTech companies are measured using the growth period of FinTech companies. The results of the research based on the regression test using the Fixed effects model, this study proves that P2P lending and the growth of FinTech companies have a positive and signif
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LIfatin Nada, Azzatillah, Rinda Dwi Pradina, Ilham Teguh Setiawan, and Feri Zain. "Determining Consumer Intentions Towards Using Sharia Fintech Lending: Technology Acceptance Model Approach." Mabsya: Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Syariah 7, no. 1 (2025): 39–58. https://doi.org/10.24090/mabsya.v7i1.13614.

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Conventional and Islamic fintech lending in Indonesia has experienced relatively rapid development. However, the accumulation of financing distribution of Islamic fintech lending is still far below that of conventional fintech lending. Demographic factors, namely the majority of the Indonesian Muslim population, do not make Islamic fintech lending their primary choice for borrowing funds online. Based on the Technology Acceptance Model theory, this study analyses the factors influencing consumer intentions to borrow from Islamic fintech lending. The analysis of this study uses a variant-based
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H. Ibrahim, Mansor. "THE BANK LENDING CHANNEL OF MONETARY POLICY TRANSMISSION IN A DUAL BANKING SYSTEM." Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance 2, no. 2 (2017): 193–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.21098/jimf.v2i2.656.

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This paper examines the impact of monetary policy on bank lending in a dual banking system, i.e. Malaysia. Making use of an unbalanced panel data set of 38 Islamic and conventional banks covering mostly 2001-2014, we find evidence that variations in monetary policy affect lending growth of Islamic banks and, to some extent, conventional banks. The results further reveal that, in conformity with studies using aggregate Islamic financing data, the Islamic financing growth reacts more strongly to monetary policy changes. Moreover, we find no marked difference between full-fledged Islamic banks an
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Sakti, Muhammad Rizky Prima, and Mohamed Zulkhibri. "PROCYCLICALITY AND BANK LENDING BEHAVIOR IN INDONESIA: THE CASE OF DUAL BANKING SYSTEM." Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance 4, no. 1 (2018): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21098/jimf.v4i1.921.

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It is widely suggested in the literature that procyclicality of bank lending behavior may lead to financial instability. This study examines bank-lending channel over the business cycle for Indonesian dual banking system by ascertaining to what extent Islamic banks have a role in the credit smoothing. In this context, we utilize Indonesian dual banking system unbalanced panel data for the period 2001-2015. By employing two-step dynamic GMM estimators, the study shows that the bank lending behaviour are procyclical. However, when we categorize the lending behaviour into conventional and Islamic
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Ath Thahirah, Fatimah, and Rahmatina Awaliah Kasri. "Does fintech threaten Islamic banking performance in Indonesia?" Journal of Islamic Accounting and Finance Research 5, no. 1 (2023): 65–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/jiafr.2023.5.1.13745.

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Purpose - This study aims to examine the impact of P2P Lending on both conventional and Islamic banking performance in Indonesia.Method - It uses a panel data regression method with a random effect model, with a sample of 63 conventional banks and 12 Islamic banks in Indonesia during the 2016-2020 period. The dependent variable is ROA, while the independent variable is the number of P2P Lending companies.Result - The study found that Fintech P2P Lending does not affect the conventional banks’ performance and has a minimal effect on the aggregate banks' performance in Indonesia. However, intere
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Conventional lending"

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Helmi, Mohamad Husam. "Essays on monetary policy with Islamic banks." Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/12849.

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This thesis examines three different aspects of monetary policy in a varying sample of developing countries, with some Islamic banks. The first essay estimates a variety of interest rate rules for the conduct of monetary policy for Indonesia, Israel, South Korea, Thailand and Turkey, in both high and low inflation conditions. The findings are that the reaction of monetary policy to both inflation and output gaps differs between the high and low inflation regimes and that the exchange rate channel is important only in the low inflation regime. The second essay examines the bank lending channel
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Dias, Rúben Filipe Borges. "A eficácia das injeções extraordinárias de liquidez do BCE na concessão de crédito bancário em Portugal." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/15293.

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Esta dissertação tem como estudo o impacto das Operações Refinanciamento de Prazo Alargado do BCE na concessão de crédito bancário em Portugal. O principal objetivo apela à compreensão da implementação das medidas de política monetária não convencional e de que forma estas mesmas políticas moldam os critérios de concessão de crédito. É analisada a atuação do BCE como prestamista de última instância, no período compreendido entre 2007, com o início da crise dos subprime e a subsequente crise da dívida soberana, até 2015 num cenário pós-crise. Esta tese enquadra-se num estudo de caso numa
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Books on the topic "Conventional lending"

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Mizrahi, Roberto. Credit and financial intermediation for the informal sector: Adapting conventional lending agencies operations. Inter-American Development Bank, 1988.

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Lawal, Ibrahim Mohammed. Bank Lending Products & Securities: A Conventional & Islamic Banking Approach. IISTE, 2018.

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Akyüz, Yilmaz. Crisis Management and Resolution. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797173.003.0005.

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This chapter argues that the conventional approach to the management and resolution of external financial crises in emerging economies is inefficient and inequitable and needs to be reformed. Such reforms need to account for increased complexities arising from deepened integration, notably the difficulties in differentiating between external and domestic debt in terms of their holders, currency denomination, and governing laws. Effective debt resolution mechanisms would be needed to bail-in creditors whether the crisis is one of liquidity or solvency, or due to private or sovereign debt, or lo
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Zakrzewski, Rafal, and Geoffrey Fuller, eds. McKnight and Zakrzewski on The Law of Loan Agreements and Syndicated Lending. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198799948.001.0001.

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Abstract This book provides an accessible introduction to the law and practice relating to English law governed loan agreements and to legal issues surrounding syndicated lending. It opens with an overview setting out the key concepts and principles of contract law that are important for understanding commercial lending transactions. There follows a chapter on loan facility agreements which explores the usual contents of such agreements, and the relevant law. The chapter on syndicated lending analyses the relationships between the lenders, the arrangers and the agent, and explores the legal ri
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Kuforiji, John Oluseyi. Essentials of Islamic Banking, Finance, and Capital Markets. The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781978734999.

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This multidisciplinary book on Islamic finance covers Islamic economic, financial, and legal systems, insurance (takaful), commercial jurisprudence, and the socio-political and political-economy of the Islamic world. It examines the dichotomies and similarities between Islamic and conventional financial systems and suggests future roles and governance of Islamic financial institutions. Distinctive features of the second edition include an emphasis on the theoretical foundations of Islamic finance, the distinctions between the micro- and macroeconomic concepts and theories to the readers, and a
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Klaus, Löber, ed. Ch.9— Regulation, Supervision, and Oversight. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780191821790.003.0009.

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This section of the noter-up complements Transnational Securities Law by Thomas Keijser and discusses updates which relate to regulation, supervision, and oversight. These include the following subject areas: Regulated activities; Supervision; Central Securities Depository (CSD); Securities settlement system; International Organisation of Securities Commissions (IOSCO); Committee on Payment and Settlement Systems (CPSS); Geneva Securities Convention; Securities lending; Special Resolution Regime (SSR); Macro-prudential oversight; Creditrisk; and Financial Stability Board (FSB).
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Kuforiji, John Oluseyi. Essentials of Islamic Banking, Finance, and Capital Markets. The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc., 2019. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781978736412.

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This book provides comprehensive analysis in the areas Islamic financial institutions and society. It starts off with the integration of the Islamic socio-economic and socio-political systems with the Islamic financial sector; with a view to help in removing some of the stereotype views that people have on the Islamic society and religion. In doing this, it provides the readers with an understanding of the Islamic society, characteristics of an Islamic society, and Islamic economics thoughts and theories. It goes further to make the readers to understand the sources, evolution, and guiding pri
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Bystrom, Dianne, and Barbara Burrell, eds. Women in the American Political System. ABC-CLIO, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216992417.

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This book examines how women candidates, voters, and office holders shape U.S. political processes and institutions, lending their perspectives to gradually evolve American life and values. This book provides an encyclopedic sourcebook on the evolution of women's involvement in American politics from the colonial era to the present, covering all of the individuals, organizations, cultural forces, political issues, and legal decisions that have collectively served to elevate the role of women at the ballot box, on the campaign trail, in Washington, and in state- and city-level political offices
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Bystrom, Dianne, and Barbara Burrell, eds. Women in the American Political System. ABC-CLIO, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216992424.

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This book examines how women candidates, voters, and office holders shape U.S. political processes and institutions, lending their perspectives to gradually evolve American life and values. This book provides an encyclopedic sourcebook on the evolution of women's involvement in American politics from the colonial era to the present, covering all of the individuals, organizations, cultural forces, political issues, and legal decisions that have collectively served to elevate the role of women at the ballot box, on the campaign trail, in Washington, and in state- and city-level political offices
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Book chapters on the topic "Conventional lending"

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Rossi, Emanuele, and Rok Stepic. "Bank Conventional Lending versus Project Bond Solution." In Infrastructure Project Finance and Project Bonds in Europe. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137524041_4.

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Rani, Kirti, and Simranjit Kaur. "Co-Lending Framework." In Harnessing Data Science for Sustainable Insurance. IGI Global Scientific Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-1882-0.ch004.

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“Co-Lending Framework: A Technological Evolution in the Insurance Landscape,” offers a comprehensive analysis of how co-lending is transforming financial services via cutting-edge technology and partnership models. Insurance is vital in the co-lending structure, serving as a fundamental facilitator of risk management and financial stability. In co-lending, where banks and non-banking financial companies (NBFCs) work together to offer loans, the inclusion of insurance reduces possible risks linked to credit defaults and operational unpredictability. The chapter starts by discussing the difficul
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Das, Sulagna, Moupiya Mallick, and Tanaya Das. "Harnessing Fintech for Financial Inclusion." In Advances in Computational Intelligence and Robotics. IGI Global, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-0209-6.ch010.

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Financial inclusion is crucial for economic growth and poverty alleviation. Fintech, combining technologies like blockchain, mobile banking, AI, machine learning, and decentralized finance, offers accessible, affordable, and customized financial solutions. These services enable quick, affordable transactions, peer-to-peer lending, and microfinance platforms. A cooperative strategy involving governments, fintech businesses, public-private partnerships, and conventional banks is needed to scale fintech services while maintaining regulatory compliance and transparency. Fintech solutions utilize a
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Gillani, Syed Ahmad, Areeba Rahat Alvi, Humara Ahmad, Syed Afraz Gillani, and Yasir Tanveer. "FinTech Adoption for SMEs." In Advances in Finance, Accounting, and Economics. IGI Global, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-6386-7.ch004.

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The available Financial Technology or more commonly known as FinTech has simplified ways that the small businesses can access financial services for their growth solutions. Out of these, the leading forms of finance technology such as third-party payment systems, peer-to-peer online lending, crowdfunding have promoted cross border electronic trade, credit processes and sources availing financial backing to ideas. These technologies enhance the efficiency, speed and convenience hence attracting small businesses which have issues such as high cost of collateral and high training costs. In this w
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Roos, Jerome. "Why Do Countries Repay Their Debts?" In Why Not Default? Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691180106.003.0002.

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The striking puzzle at the heart of international lending has long been known as the “enforcement problem” of cross-border debt contracts: clearly there is some kind of cross-border enforcement at work, but the precise mechanism through which it operates is not immediately observable, and economists still do not understand how exactly it works. This chapter discusses the four conventional explanations of debtor compliance found in the economics literature, and assesses their validity in light of the available evidence. The four explanations center on (1) the borrower's long-term reputation; (2
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Kartal, Fikret, and Nizamülmülk Güneş. "Performance of Participation Banks in Türkiye." In Implications of ICT for Islamic Finance and Economics. IGI Global, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-8079-6.ch005.

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Interest-free banking has been steadily gaining a larger share worldwide, introducing alternative financial products to individuals and businesses. However, since all financial intermediaries operate within the same economic system and the core function of intermediation inherently involves earning profits from borrowing and lending activities, it is not possible to consider interest-free banking as entirely separate from conventional banking. In practice, the differences in terminology and theoretical foundations among banking groups often converge significantly. This study presents the perfo
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Kumari, Puja. "FINTECH IN INDIA." In Futuristic Trends in Management Volume 3 Book 16. Iterative International Publisher, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bfma16p3ch5.

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Fintech, in simple terms, refers to using technology to make financial services more accessible, efficient, and user-friendly. This chapter on fintech in India provides a thorough analysis of this sector's rapid expansion and major changes. It explores how Fintech innovations are transforming conventional financial services, speeding up transactions, and boosting financial inclusion. It highlights the contributions that various significant industries have made to modernizing India's financial landscape, including digital payments, peer-to-peer lending, insurance technology, and robo-advisory s
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Hyman, Louis. "Securing Debt in an Insecure World." In Debtor Nation. Princeton University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691140681.003.0008.

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This chapter explores how profits on credit cards became the center of lending. By the early 1980s, credit cards metamorphosed from break-even investments to leading earners. With much higher profits than commercial loans, financial institutions began to lend as much money as they could to consumers on credit cards. By the early 1990s, investments in credit cards were twice as profitable as conventional business loans. Increasingly, the now plentiful credit cards allowed consumers to borrow more money and with greater flexibility than they had before. For home owners, home equity loans also of
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Tariq, Muhammad Usman. "Empowering Women Entrepreneurs." In Crowdfunding and Alternative Financing Models for Women Entrepreneurs. IGI Global, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-9193-8.ch001.

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To empower women entrepreneurs and promote sustainable business growth this chapter examines the role that creative crowdfunding and alternative financing models play. It offers a thorough examination of several funding choices highlighting their applicability to women in overcoming conventional financial obstacles. These options include impact investing peer-to-peer lending microfinance and crowdfunding platforms. The chapter looks at these models' efficacy accessibility and regional adoption while emphasizing the difficulties faced by female entrepreneurs including platform fees marketing re
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Fardoust, Shahrokh, Stefan G. Koeberle, Moritz Piatti-Fünfkirchen, Lodewijk Smets, and Mark Sundberg. "The Performance of Budget Support." In Retooling Development Aid in the 21st Century. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192882196.003.0004.

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Abstract How effective is budget support in supporting policy reform? Conventional evaluation metrics demonstrate that budget support has performed as well as project financing. A review of empirical evidence and quantitative analysis at the country level indicates that supporting economic policy reform has been more effective than certain areas of public sector governance and social policy. The country context, policy dialogue, project design, analytical work and the timing of support matter for programme success. There is evidence of decreasing returns to policy lending over time. Budget sup
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Conference papers on the topic "Conventional lending"

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Hoshowski, Jody, Paul Barnes, Rolando Perez Pineiro, Alyn Jenkins, and Tore Nordvik. "The Development of Novel Corrosion Inhibitors for High Temperature Sour Gas Environments." In CORROSION 2020. NACE International, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2020-14591.

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Abstract Mitigating oil and gas production with chemical inhibitors is challenging when high temperature (>120°C) and H2S is present. The high temperatures associated with deep wells and thermal recovery methods demand an advancement in conventional inhibitor technologies. Traditional organic inhibitors struggle to protect carbon steel assets lending them susceptible to localized corrosion in sour environments. These environments require inhibitors with a combined thermal stability and persistency to provide uniform filming and corrosion protection. For high temperature corrosion applic
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Karostiana, Fitri, and Sugeng Riadi. "The Effect of Bank’s Internal Financial Ratio on Lending in Indonesia Conventional Commercial Banks: Book IV Category." In The International Conference on Applied Economics and Social Science. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010860000003255.

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Reports on the topic "Conventional lending"

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Chirinos-Leañez, Ana María, and Carolina Pagliacci. Credit Supply in Venezuela: A Non-Conventional Bank Lending Channel? Inter-American Development Bank, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0000681.

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Pagliacci, Carolina, and Ana María Chirinos-Leañez. Credit Supply in Venezuela: A Non-Conventional Bank Lending Channel? Inter-American Development Bank, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011796.

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This paper evaluates whether fiscal and foreign exchange policy shocks canexplain both credit and credit supply in Venezuela. Empirical evidence suggests that between 65 and 90 percent of credit growth is linked to the buildup of banks' deposits caused by the monetary effects of fiscal expansions. For these cases, since credit is provided at equal or reduced interest rates, credit supply takes place. Loan supply can occur either endogenously, when fiscal domestic spending increases with expansionary aggregate supply shocks, or exogenously, when fiscal policy shocks emerge. The role of exogenou
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Fitch, Dillon, Zeyu Gao, Lucy Noble, and Terry Mac. Examining the Effects of a Bike and E-Bike Lending Program on Commuting Behavior. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2051.

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In 2015, Google added a new transportation demand management (TDM) program to increase bike commuting to their two main campuses in Mountain View and Sunnyvale, California. An initial survey of employees indicated that bike ownership and worry about maintenance were primary bicycling barriers. With this information, Google began a program that loaned high-quality electric-assisted and conventional bicycles for a period of six months at no cost to interested employees. This research evaluates the effectiveness of the program at changing travel behavior to the corporate campuses by using self-re
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Putriastuti, Massita Ayu Cindy, Vivi Fitriyanti, and Muhammad Razin Abdullah. Leveraging the Potential of Crowdfunding for Financing Renewable Energy. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33116/br.002.

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• Renewable energy (RE) projects in Indonesia usually have IRR between 10% and 15% and PP around 6 to 30 years • Attractive return usually could be found in large scale RE projects, although there are numerous other factors involved including technology developments, capacity scale, power purchasing price agreements, project locations, as well as interest rates and applied incentives. • Crowdfunding (CF) has big potential to contribute to the financing of RE projects especially financing small scale RE projects. • P2P lending usually targeted short-term loans with high interest rates. Therefor
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Progress Report (2013-2014) of the MDB Working Group on Sustainable Transport. Inter-American Development Bank, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006460.

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1. In June 2012, at the Rio+20 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, our eight Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) delivered a joint statement Commitment to Sustainable Transport (hereafter the Rio+20 Commitment). The aim was to draw attention to the critical role that transport plays in sustainable development, and to make clear our commitment to increase support for more sustainable transport in developing countries. 2. Building on our collective history of support for transport, the Rio+20 Commitment outlined our expectation to provide more than $175 billion of loans and g
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Progress Report (2014-2015) of the MDB Working Group on Sustainable Transport. Inter-American Development Bank, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006461.

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1. In the third year of the Multilateral Development Banks¿1 (MDBs) Joint Statement of 2012, our eight MDBs are on target to meet the goal of the Commitment to Sustainable Transport (hereafter the Rio+20 Commitment) to provide more than $175 billion of loans and grants for transport in developing countries over the coming decade (2012-2022). Collectively, in 2014, about $20 billion of new funding for transport projects was added to the $20 billion approved in the first year of our Commitment (2012) and $25 billion approved in 2013. 2. This $20 billion in funding comprised more than 193 approva
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