Academic literature on the topic 'Conventional process'

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Journal articles on the topic "Conventional process"

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Pozhar, A. B. "Conventional Implicatures in English-Based Literary Discourse: Triggers and Inference Process." Mìžnarodnij fìlologìčnij časopis 11, no. 2 (2020): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/philolog2020.02.026.

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Hastak, Makarand. "Advanced automation or conventional construction process?" Automation in Construction 7, no. 4 (1998): 299–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0926-5805(98)00047-8.

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Abo-Rayia, S., M. Basta, G. Abd-Rabbo, et al. "Optimum conventional computer aided process planning." Computers & Industrial Engineering 31, no. 1-2 (1996): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-8352(96)00105-2.

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Chebbi, R., N. S. Al-Amoodi, N. M. Abdel Jabbar, G. A. Husseini, and K. A. Al Mazroui. "Optimum ethane recovery in conventional turboexpander process." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 88, no. 5-6 (2010): 779–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2009.11.003.

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Saravanan, R., P. Asokan, and M. Sachithanandam. "Comparative Analysis of Conventional and Non-Conventional Optimisation Techniques for CNC Turning Process." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 17, no. 7 (2001): 471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001700170146.

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Liu, Chun Ho, A. Cheng Wang, Kuo Zoo Liang, and Sheng En Hsu. "Analysis of Conventional Spinning Process with Thermal Effects." Materials Science Forum 594 (August 2008): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.594.187.

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The temperature effect is significant on the metal forming processes; for the quality of products and the tools life are extremely affected by it. This paper investigates the thermal effects on the conventional spinning process by the explicit finite element method with transient heat transfer conditions. The governing equation is based on the updated Lagrangian formulation, the large deformation theory, and the principle of the conservation of energy. The energy terms in this study include the plastic strain energy, the frictional sliding energy, and the heat transfer energy. The energy and temperature distribution of the circular sheet, on the varying boundary conditions of the heat transformation, are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the various mesh types are examined in the simulations. With the application of the mass scaling factor technique, the full history of spinning process is performed successfully. The main benefit of the proposed model will save the tremendous costs in the die designing and the experimental works. The parameters and techniques using in the numerical model are helpful for the design of forming process and the coupling thermal-mechanical analysis.
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Liu, Z., T. Deng, and J. Chen. "(Keynote) Solid-State Nanopore Fabrication with Conventional Process." ECS Transactions 52, no. 1 (2013): 1047–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/05201.1047ecst.

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Mozes, E., R. L. Cornelissen, G. G. Hirs, and R. M. Boom. "Exergy analysis of the conventional textile washing process." Energy Conversion and Management 39, no. 16-18 (1998): 1835–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-8904(98)00061-2.

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Clarke, Pamela N. "Open or Conventional Access: Integrity in the Process." Nursing Science Quarterly 32, no. 3 (2019): 198–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894318419845398.

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Zaghi, Aline Nalon, Sandra Maria Barbalho, Elen Landgraf Guiguer, and Alda Maria Otoboni. "Frying Process: From Conventional to Air Frying Technology." Food Reviews International 35, no. 8 (2019): 763–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/87559129.2019.1600541.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Conventional process"

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Tenhunen, A. (Anna). "Digital marketing plan for VTT’s conventional and renewable energy solutions." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2017. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201701111038.

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Social media has an integral role in today’s businesses due to the rapid development of the internet and digitalization. Still, businesses do not fully utilize the potential of social media and majority of companies do not have a digital marketing plan. Strong social media profiles facilitate a platform to showcase the expertise and research facilities, and strong, active social media profiles do better in search engines. Social media profiles can also be used for starting discussions on related topics or participating in them by writing as administrator. The fundamental purpose of the social media profiles on different sites is to drive traffic to companies’ sites and create leads. This master’s thesis was commissioned by VTT’s Renewable Energy Processes team. The goal was to produce a digital marketing plan to enhance customer and project acquisitioning by utilizing social media (LinkedIn, Facebook, Twitter). In this thesis, the creation process of a digital marketing plan was studied especially from the perspective of VTT’s Renewable Energy Processes. The most important social media channels for the team were determined, energy solutions based on their expertise were studied, and a plan was conducted from the perspectives of the organization and employees. In addition, a questionnaire was sent out to the employees of VTT’s Solutions for Natural Resources and Environment organization. The purpose of the questionnaire was to gain an understanding of possible limitations and barriers for using social media professionally. In addition, it was used to map out the social media sites employees were already active at as well as what sites they might be interested in. The formed digital marketing plan includes strategies for social media and content marketing. A digital marketing plan was produced based on a mission statement, reviewing resources and defining target audience. An important part of the plan was to analyze companies’ as well as competitors’ current social media presence. For the social media marketing plan, sites were chosen and site specific plans were created. A content marketing plan was made to facilitate the creation and curation of content. The content marketing plan was an integrate part of the digital marketing plan as the most common problem is creating captivating content continuously. A trial social media profile was created in Facebook under the name VTTEnergySolutions. The profile was created in the beginning phase of this thesis and it was studied for the duration of approximately 5 months in 2016, from July to November. Based on the analysis, the reachability of a post could be increased by sharing it further to different discussion groups. There was also an interesting correlation between energy related events and increase in site traffic. The produced digital marketing plan is aligned with VTT’s new strategy. It focuses on utilizing the expertise of the employees, the VTTPeople, and increasing impact through creating and sharing content in the appropriate social media sites. Currently, the most important social media sites for the organization to be active in are LinkedIn, Facebook and Twitter. These are the chosen sites for Renewable Energy Processes to begin their social media activities at. Based on the results obtained in this thesis, the VTT’s official social media profiles in these social media sites will be utilized in the future according to the suggestions presented in the digital marketing plan. A Showcase page in LinkedIn under VTT’s company page will be the platform for publishing content. The efficient use of current VTT related hashtags encouraged to create a new hashtag: #VTTEnergy. This new hashtag plays a key role in the strategy for Twitter. The trial social media profile VTTEnergySolutions in Facebook will be continued and other energy related teams will be sought out to share administrative responsibilities. An editorial calendar created in Outlook to assist the team to plan, produce and manage the contents.
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Ramezani, Mehrdad. "Monolithic IGBT gate driver in a conventional low-voltage BiCMOS process." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0022/MQ34138.pdf.

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Wang, Lin. "Analysis of material deformation and wrinkling failure in conventional metal spinning process." Thesis, Durham University, 2012. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3537/.

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Sheet metal spinning is one of the metal forming processes, where a flat metal blank is rotated at a high speed and formed into an axisymmetric part by a roller which gradually forces the blank onto a mandrel, bearing the final shape of the spun part. Over the last few decades, sheet metal spinning has developed significantly and spun products have been widely used in various industries. Although the spinning process has already been known for centuries, the process design still highly relies on experienced spinners using trial-and-error. Challenges remain to achieve high product dimensional accuracy and prevent material failures. This PhD project aims to gain insight into the material deformation and wrinkling failure mechanics in the conventional spinning process by employing experimental and numerical methods. In this study, a tool compensation technique has been proposed and used to develop CNC multiple roller path (passes). 3-D elastic-plastic Finite Element (FE) models have been developed to analyse the material deformation and wrinkling failure of the spinning process. By combining these two techniques in the process design, the time and materials wasted by using the trial-and-error could be decreased significantly. In addition, it may provide a practical approach of standardised operation for the spinning industry and thus improve the product quality, process repeatability and production efficiency. Furthermore, effects of process parameters, e.g. roller path profiles, feed rate and spindle speed, on the variations of tool forces, stresses, strains, wall thickness and wrinkling failures have also been investigated. Using a concave roller path produces high tool forces, stresses and reduction of wall thickness. Conversely, low tool forces, stresses and wall thinning have been obtained in the FE model which uses the convex roller path. High feed ratios help to maintain original blank thickness but also lead to material failures and rough surface finish. Thus it is necessary to find a “trade off” feed ratio for a spinning process design.
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Bohlin, Ulrika. "Comparing Cork Filters to Conventional Sand Filters : A Pilot Study of Process Water Treatment." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för systemteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-161813.

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Process water is used for cooling and for transporting material in all kinds of industries. To clean the water for reuse, various types of filters can be used. Many conventional process water treatment plants incorporate sand filters, which readily clean the water from suspended matters. However, at some circumstances the sand filters do not remove high enough concentrations of metals. This master thesis compares the water treatment abilities of activated cork, produced by Spikes & Cogs AB, to those of the sand filters used at steel making company Ovako Hofors AB in Hofors. As an on-site pilot study, the thesis investigates the cleaning capacity of three types of activated cork filters: Fats, Oils and Solvents (FOSS) filter, Fast Acting Digesting Enzymes (FADE) filter, and Metal Adsorption and Concentration (MAAC) filter. The cork filters were compared to the sand filters during normal operation and, because of previous problems with the stability of the sand filter performance, during stress tests. The results show that the cleaning capacity of the sand filters is higher than the cleaning capacity of the cork filters at normal operation. At the conditions of the stress tests, at which the sand filters do not function, the cleaning capacity of the cork filters was somewhat lowered but was still well within acceptable limits. An important result from the experiments is that the cork filters neutralize the pH. The sand filters are sensitive to changes in the pH, meaning that the cork filters could function as a buffering unit prior to the sand filters.
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Alenezi, Dharay Falah Saleh. "Process Parameters Optimisation of Injection Moulding using SLA Inserts in Conventional & CCC Moulds." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.523624.

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Kenning, Gail Joy Art College of Fine Arts UNSW. "Pattern as process: an aesthetic exploration of the digital possibilities for conventional, physical lace patterns." Awarded by:University of New South Wales, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/39898.

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Pattern is a familiar concept ever present in our daily lives, existing in many material forms, observable in varied states, and able to be created from a diverse range of processes and events. Natural pattern forms, such as biological and chemical patterns, have been extensively studied, often within the digital environment because of its capacity to process large amounts of data which aids investigation of not only their characteristics but their potentiality. However, human designed physical patterns, while having been investigated extensively in terms of their historical, geographic and cultural significance and their aesthetic and/or mathematical characteristics, have not been fully investigated in terms of their evolutionary potential. This project explores one example of human designed physical patterns, crochet lace patterns ??? which have remained largely stable and consistent throughout various technological transformations such as the industrial revolution ??? in order to explore pattern as a process and investigate the potential for these patterns to become emergent. This exploration translated the patterns into the digital environment where, as data, the patterns become available for manipulation using a generative art practice approach. By translating the patterns into a digital environment and engaging with the pattern forms at their systematic core, where crochet pattern instructions and software programming scripts operate similarly as ???code???, this research provided a deeper understanding of the patterns and allowed exploration of whether a pattern???s developmental path can be altered to create new emergent patterns. This research draws on systems theory and systems aesthetics and their application within contemporary generative art practice and informs visual arts in several areas including showing how aesthetic values shift as work becomes cross-disciplinary and enters the digital environment, and how the introduction and location of innovation affects the relationship between the original and its copy.
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Rosinski, Katarzyna. "Effects of primary treatment optimization on energy savings and recovery in conventional activated sludge process." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ62957.pdf.

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Clifford, Dustin M. "Non-Conventional Approaches to Syntheses of Ferromagnetic Nanomaterials." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4205.

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The work of this dissertation is centered on two non-conventional synthetic approaches to ferromagnetic nanomaterials: high-throughput experimentation (HTE) (polyol process) and continuous flow (CF) synthesis (aqueous reduction and the polyol process). HTE was performed to investigate phase control between FexCo1-x and Co3-xFexOy. Exploration of synthesis limitations based on magnetic properties was achieved by reproducing Ms=210 emu/g. Morphological control of FexCo1-x alloy was achieved by formation of linear chains using an Hext. The final study of the FexCo1-x chains used DoE to determine factors to control FexCo1-x, diameter, crystallite size and morphology. [Ag] with [Metal] provide statistically significant control of crystallite size. [OH]/[Metal] predict 100 % FexCo1-x at > 30. To conclude section 1, a morphological study was performed on synthesis of Co3-xFexOy using the polyol process. Co3-xFexOy micropillars were synthesized at various sizes. The close proximity of the particles in the nanostructure produced an optical anisotropy and was magnetically induced which is evidence for the magneto-birefringence effect. The second non-conventional synthetic approach involves continuous flow (CF) chemistry. Co nanoparticles (Ms=125 emu/g) were newly synthesized by aqueous reduction in a microreactor and had 30 ±10 nm diameter and were produced at >1g/hr, a marker of industrial-scale up viability. The final work was the CF synthesis of FexCo1-x. The FexCo1-x was synthesized with limitation to the composition. The maximum FexCo1-x phase composition at 20 % resulted from the aqueous carrier solvent triggering oxide formation over FexCo1-x.
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Rehman, Asma Abdul. "A comparative study of risk management practices between Islamic and conventional banks in Pakistan." Thesis, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10369/7915.

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Purpose: The purpose of this research study is to investigate the extent to which banks are using risk management practices in dealing with various risks and to compare risk management practices between Islamic and Conventional banks operating in Pakistan. Methodology: This is an empirical research study which has employed quantitative research methods. This study has used two sources of data, i.e. primary and secondary data. Secondary data is collected by using content analysis through annual reports of five Islamic and conventional banks for the six year time period from 2008 to 2013. The content analysis was performed by using frequency analysis and un-weighted index scoring. And primary data was collected through questionnaire from the senior managers, risk managers and CRO of Islamic and conventional banks. The sample size was consisting of 150 respondents from banks. The data was analysed by using descriptive statistics, regression analysis and Mann-Whitney U test. Findings: Islamic banks are found to be significantly different from their conventional counterparts in risk identification, risk management practices, liquidity risk analysis and risk governance. Moreover, risk identification, risk assessment and analysis, credit risk analysis and risk governance are most influencing and contributing variables in risk management practices of banks operating in Pakistan. Also, credit, liquidity, market and operational risk are found to be the most important risks faced by both conventional and Islamic banks. Practical Implication: Considering the importance of risk management practices in Islamic and conventional banks; Bankers, investors, regulators, and policymakers are likely to benefit from the results of the study as a guide, when developing and reforming the existing risk management practices. Originality: This study has extended the risk management practices model of banks by incorporating two more variables, i.e. liquidity risk analysis and risk governance into the model. Also, it is adding value methodologically, as data triangulation is used to draw a valid inference. So, this study will add value to literature and will be useful for Islamic banks, conventional banks, practitioners as well as for academic point of view.
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Diedericks, Danie. "Extraction and recovery of precursor chemicals from sugarcane bagasse, bamboo and triticale bran using conventional, advanced and fractionation pretreatment technologies." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80347.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Conventional, advanced and fractionation pretreatment technologies were employed to recover and/or enhance the efficacy of the main constituents present in lignocellulosic biomass. Bamboo and triticale bran are novel feedstocks and hence their response towards treatment is unknown. Thus, to assist with the characterisation of these feedstock, in terms of the amount of sugar released during acid and enzymatic hydrolysis, use were made of conventional pretreatment technologies. Pretreatment involved the use of either the conventional single-stage dilute-acid or the conventional acid-catalysed steam-explosion process at times, temperatures and acid concentration ranging between 5 to 40 min, 120 to 214°C, and 0.002 to 0.055 (H3O+) gmol/L, respectively. For additional comparison, results were also obtained from an established feedstock namely sugarcane bagasse, by subjecting it to the single-stage dilute-acid process, at similar pretreatment conditions employed during the treatment of the other feedstocks. Sugarcane bagasse and bamboo, upon pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis, both yielded a similar combined sugar recovery yield of 78.0% and 81.2%, respectively. Alternatively, only 55.3% (w/w) of the total sugar content in triticale bran could be recovered. Triticale bran consists predominantly of hemicellulose which, compared to cellulose, the main constituent in sugarcane bagasse and bamboo, is more susceptible to degradation. Thus, to enhance the combined sugar recovery yield, it is recommended that triticale bran be treated at less severe pretreatment conditions, in order to preserve the hemicellulose. To further enhance the amount of sugar (i.e. cellulose and hemicellulose) that can be recovered from sugarcane bagasse, the use of a two- rather than one-stage dilute acid process was proposed. The single-stage dilute acid process, despite being the subject of many research efforts, failed to recover more than 83% (w/w) of the total sugar content in sugarcane bagasse. Following an extensive literature study, it was concluded that sugarcane bagasse comprises a hemicellulose and cellulose fraction which dictates the use of different pretreatment conditions in order to ensure their effective recovery. The use of a more advance two-step dilute acid process was therefore proposed as it allows for multiple-sets of pretreatment conditions which accommodate the requirements set forth by each of the polysaccharides present in sugarcane bagasse. With the assistance of response surface methodology, a 4.8% (w/w) improvement over the single-stage method was calculated for the two-stage process, by assuming both pretreatment technologies operated at optimum pretreatment conditions. This improvement, which is similar to the 7.7% (w/w) obtained with substrates other than sugarcane bagasse, was accredited to the use of multiple-sets of pretreatment conditions. Both low and high severity pretreatment conditions were applied to maximise the recovery of hemicellulose and cellulose, respectively. In the case of bamboo however, little can be gained by using the two- in lieu of the one-stage method, as similar pretreatment conditions are required to maximise both hemicellulose and cellulose recovery. Alternatively, a three- rather than a two-stage process needs to be applied, when treating triticale bran, to accommodate for an additional set of pretreatment conditions required to recover arabinan, a third polysaccharide. In order to realise the full potential of sugarcane bagasse, use was made of a fractionation method, which in addition to the recovery of polysaccharide (i.e. cellulose and hemicellulose), also allowed for the recovery of the polyphenolic content (i.e. lignin) thereof. Limited by the complexity of the fractionation process, sugarcane bagasse was selected as the preferred substrate to be subjected to fractionation, mainly because of its availability in the South African (established sugar milling industry), and ease of treatment using both conventional (e.g. single-stage) and advanced (e.g. two-stage) pretreatment technologies. A novel fractionation technology, involving the use of the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3- mehylimidazolium methyl sulphate ([BMiM]MeSO4), was devised to separate the main constituents of sugarcane bagasse. Although other ionic liquid fractionation examples also exist in literature, processes used caused production of multi-component product streams with 34% (w/w) of the original lignin and hemicellulose being recovered in the same product stream. Tests conducted during the present study confirmed these results and further indicated that the production of multi-constituent product streams could not be avoided by using acetone, an acetone-water mixture or a sodium hydroxide solution as the solvent in a subsequent solvent extraction step. Hence, to avoid the production of multi-component product streams, a hemicellulose pre-extraction step, comprising the single-stage dilute acid process, was introduced to extract and recover 75% (w/w) of the hemicellulose content. The remaining solid was subjected to ionic liquid treatment whereafter it was effectively separated into cellulose and lignin enriched product streams through solvent extraction. Up to 73% (w/w) of the original lignin and cellulose content was recovered using optimum operating conditions (120 min; 125°C). Comparison of the novel ionic liquid ([BMiM]MeSO4) with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, an established ionic liquid, identified the former to be the superior delignification solvent whereas the latter contributed more towards the digestibility of the residual solids. In conclusion, methods for the effective recovery of polysaccharides and polyphenol units from established (i.e. sugarcane bagasse) and novel (i.e. bamboo, triticale bran) lignocellulosic feedstocks have been demonstrated through the application of conventional (single-stage), advanced (two-stage) and fractionation pretreatment technologies. Economic improvement is promised through the application of these constituents as they may serve as precursor chemicals for the production of value-added products that may replace the fuel and chemicals currently derived from fossil carbon resources.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Konvensionele, gevorderde en fraksionering voorafbehandeling tegnologieë is gebruik om die herwinning en gebruiksaamheid van die hoofbestanddele wat in lignosellulose biomassa aanwesig is, te verbeter. Bamboes en tritikale semels is nuwe rou materiale en dus is hul reaksie op behandeling onbekend. Ten einde die karaktereienskappe van hierdie rou materiale, in terme van die hoeveelheid suiker wat gedurende die suur- en suiker ensimatiese-hidrolise vrygestel word, te bepaal, is gebruik gemaak van konvensionele voorbehandeling tegnologieë. Voorbehandeling behels die gebruik van óf die konvensionele enkelstadium vedunde-suur óf die konvensionele suur-gekataliseerde stoomontploffingsproses; by tye, temperature en suurladings wat wissel tusen 5 en 40 minute, 120 tot 214°C, en 0.002 tot 0.055 (H3O+)gmol/L, onderskeidelik. Vir verdere vergelykings is resultate vanaf ’n gevestigde rou materiaal, naamlik suikerriet reste, verkry, deur dit te onderwerp aan ’n enkelstadium verdunde suur proses met dieselfde voorbehandeling toestande wat gegeld het gedurende die behandeling van die ander roumateriale. Tydens voorbehandeling en ensimaties-hidrolise het suikerriet reste en bamboes ’n gelyke gekombineerde terugwinnings opbrengs van 78.0% en 81.2% suiker, onderskeidelik, gelewer. Daar kon egter net 55.3% (w/w) van die totale suikerinhoud van tritikale semels herwin word. Tritikale semels bestaan hoofsaaklik uit hemisellulose, wat meer vatbaar is vir degradasie ten opsigte van sellulose, die hoof bestanddeel van suikerriet reste en bamboes. Om dus die gekombineerde suikerherwinnings-opbrengs te verbeter, word daar voorgestel dat tritikale semels aan minder strawwe toestande onderwerp word, om sodoende die hemisellulose te bewaar. Om verder die hoeveelheid suiker (d.w.s glukose en xilose) wat vanuit suikerriet reste herwin kan word, te verbeter, is die gebruik van ’n twee- in plaas van ’n eenstadium verdunde suur proses, voorgestel. Die enkelstadium verdunde suur proses het, ten spyte daarvan dat dit al die onderwerp van verskillende navorsing projekte was, nie daarin geslaag om meer as 83% (w/w) van die totale suikerinhoud vanuit die suikerriet reste te herwin nie. Na ’n uitgebreide literatuurstudie is daar tot die slotsom gekom dat suikerriet reste bestaan uit ’n hemisellulose deel en ’n sellulose deel wat die gebruik van verskillende voorbehandeling toestande noodsaak, om sodoende effektiewe herwinning daarvan te verseker. Die aanwending van ’n meer gevorderde twee-stap verdunde suur proses is dus voorgestel, aangesien dit van veelvoudige-stelle voorbehandelings toestande, soos vereis deur die polisakkariedes in suikerriet reste, gebruik maak. Deur die toepassing van reaksie oppervlakte metodologie, is ’n 4.2% verbetering op die enkel-stadium metode vir die twee-stadium proses behaal deur aan te neem dat beide van hierdie prosesse, by optimum kondisies vir maksimale suiker herwinning, uitgevoer is. Hierdie verbetering is soortgelyk aan die 7.7% (w/w) verbetering wat voorheen met andersoortige substrate (uitgesonder suikerriet reste) verkry is. Sodanige verhoging word toegeskryf aan die gebruik van veelvoudige stelle van voorbehandeling toestande, wat beide meer en minder strawwe toestande insluit, om sodoende die herwinning van xilose en glukose onderskeidelik te maksimeer. In die geval van bamboes, is die twee-stadium metode nie superieur tot die een-stadium metode nie, aangesien soortgelyke voorbehandeling-toestande benodig word om beide die herwinning van xilose en glukose te maksimeer. Alternatiewelik moet ’n drie-stadium in plaas van ’n twee-stadium proses gebruik word wanneer tritikale semels behandel word aangesien ’n bykomende stel voorbehandeling toestande benodig word om arabinan, ’n derde polisakkaried, te herwin. Om sodoende die volle potensiaal van suikerriet reste te ontgin, is gebruik gemaak van ʼn fraksioneringstegnologie. Waar konvensionele voorbehandeling metodes slegs fokus op die herwinning van polisakkariedes (naamlik sellulose en hemisellulose), kan die fraksioneringsproses ook die poli-fenoliese inhoud (naamlik lignien) in lignosellulose, herwin. Weens die ingewikkeldheid van die fraksioneringsproses, is suikerriet reste gekies as die mees geskikte substraat vir fraksionering, hoofsaaklik omdat dit veral in die Suid- Afrikaanse konteks, maklik beskikbaar is en omdat dit ook maklik is om met beide die konvensionele (bv. die enkel-stadium) en die gevorderde (bv. die twee-stadium) voorbehandeling proses behandel te word. ʼn Nuut ontwikkelde fraksionering tegnologie wat gebruik maak van die ioniese vloeistof 1-butiel-3-metielimidazolium metielsulfaat ([BMiM]MeSO4) is ontwikkel, om die hoofbestanddele in suikerriet reste van mekaar te skei. Literatuur bevat verskeie voorbeelde waar ioniese vloeistowe gebruik word vir fraksionering. Die doeltreffendheid van hierdie prosesse is egter deur die produksie van multi-komponent produkstrome, waartydens tot en met ekwivalente hoeveelhede hemisellulose en lignien in dieselfde produkstrome herwin is, beperk. Hierdie resultate is tydens die studie deur middel van toetse bevestig. Sodanige toetse het ook aangedui dat die produksie van multi-komponent produkstrome nie deur die gebruikmaking van asetoon, ʼn asetoon-water mengsel of ʼn natrium hidroksied oplosmiddel, wat deel maak van ʼn opvolgende oplossing-ekstraksie-stap, vermy kon word nie. Om gevolglik die vervaardiging van multi-komponent produkstrome te vermy, is ʼn hemisellulose vooraf-ekstraksie stap, bestaande uit die enkel-stap verdunde suur proses, gebruik, om sodoende 75% (w/w) van die hemisellulose inhoud in suikerriet reste, te herwin. Die oorblywende vastestof was onderwerp aan ioniese vloeistof behandeling waarna dit effektiewelik geskei is in onderskeidelik, sellulose en lignien verrykte produkstrome, verkry deur gebruikmaking van ʼn oplossing-ekstraksie-stap. Tot en met 73% (w/w) van die oorspronklike lignien en sellulose inhoud was herwin deur gebruik te maak van optimale behandelingskondisies (120 min, 125°C). ʼn Vergelyking tussen die nuut-geïdentifiseerde ioniese vloeistof ([BMiM]MeSO4) en 1-etiel-3-metielimidazolium asetaat, ʼn gevestigde ioniese vloeistof, het aangetoon dat eersgenoemde ʼn superieure delignifikasie oplosmiddel is terwyl laasgenoemde ʼn groter bydra tot die verteerbarheid van die oorblywende reste lewer. Ten slotte het hierdie studie, metodes vir die effektiewe herwinning van polisakkariedes en poli-fenoliese eenhede, vanaf gevestigde (bv. Suikerriet reste) en nuwe (bv. bamboes en tritikale semels) lignosellulose rou materiale, gedemonstreer, deur telkens van konvensionele (enkel-stadium), gevorderde (twee-stadium) en fraksionerings voorbehandeling tegnologieë gebruik te maak. Ekonomiese verbetering kan dus verwag word indien hierdie bestanddele as voorloper chemikalieë vir die produksie van waarde toegevoegde produkte aangewend word, aangesien sodanige produkte die plek kan inneem van brandstof en chemikalieë wat tans vanuit fossielbronne vervaardig word.
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Books on the topic "Conventional process"

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Girardini, Ken. The army's conventional munitions acquisition process. Rand Corporation, 1989.

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Girardini, Ken. The marines' ground-attack conventional munitions requirements process. Rand Corporation, 1991.

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Girardini, Ken. The Marines' ground-attack conventional munitions requirements process. Rand, 1991.

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Wendt, James C. Improving the NATO force planning process: Lessons from past efforts. Rand, 1986.

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Ramezani, Mehrdad. Monolithic IGBT gate driver in a conventional low-voltage BiCMOS process. National Library of Canada, 1998.

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Langridge, Andrew. Interactive menu: Can an interactive element change the conventional ordering process. LCP, 2003.

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Li, Ke, and Charlie He. Comparing conventional and pelletized lime softening concentrate chemical stabilization. Water Research Foundation, 2011.

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L, Francia Peter, ed. Conventional wisdom and American elections: Exploding myths, exploring misconceptions. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2008.

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Rosinski, Katarzyna. Effects of primary treatment optimization on energy savings and recovery in conventional activated sludge process. National Library of Canada, 2001.

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Meneses, Belén. Proceso constituyente venezolano. s.n., 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Conventional process"

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Mercieca, Daniela. "Making Sense of the Process." In Beyond Conventional Boundaries. SensePublishers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6091-490-4_2.

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Rothwell, Alan. "The Conventional Design Process." In Optimization Methods in Structural Design. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55197-5_1.

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Singh, Rupinder, and Sudhir Kumar. "Modified Ultrasonic Machining Process." In Non-Conventional Hybrid Machining Processes. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429029165-4.

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Trzcinski, Antoine Prota. "Conventional Waste Activated Sludge Process." In Advanced Biological, Physical, and Chemical Treatment of Waste Activated Sludge. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429437960-1.

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Shanthilal, J., and Suvendu Bhattacharya. "The Process of Gelling." In Conventional and Advanced Food Processing Technologies. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118406281.ch5.

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Hurren, P. J., J. E. Amadi-Echendu, and E. H. Higham. "Condition Monitoring Using Conventional Process Instrumentation." In COMADEM 89 International. Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8905-7_83.

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Sharma, Ankit, Vishwas Grover, Atul Babbar, and Richa Rani. "A Trending Nonconventional Hybrid Finishing/Machining Process." In Non-Conventional Hybrid Machining Processes. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429029165-5.

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Bhattacharya, Sila. "Roasting and Toasting Operations in Food: Process Engineering and Applications." In Conventional and Advanced Food Processing Technologies. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118406281.ch10.

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Datsevich, Leonid B. "Process Flow Diagram and Principal Embodiments of Conventional Industrial Units." In Conventional Three-Phase Fixed-Bed Technologies. Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4836-5_4.

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Datsevich, Leonid B. "Do the Conventional Fixed-Bed Reactors Possess any Potential for the Process Intensification?" In Conventional Three-Phase Fixed-Bed Technologies. Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4836-5_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Conventional process"

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Nguyen, H. H., H. Champliaud, and V. N. Lê. "Circumferential cracking in conventional metal spinning process." In The 32nd European Modeling & Simulation Symposium. CAL-TEK srl, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46354/i3m.2020.emss.023.

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Ebrahimi, S. A. Seyyed. "NTR PROCESS FOR CONVENTIONAL STRONTIUM HEXAFERRITE POWDER." In Processing and Fabrication of Advanced Materials VIII. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812811431_0058.

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Shinohara, Masaaki. "Entropy AHP and its Comparison with Conventional AHP's." In The International Symposium on the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Creative Decisions Foundation, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.13033/isahp.y1999.032.

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"Mechanical Behavior of Natural Composites Subjected to Condensation Process." In Non-Conventional Materials and Technologies. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781945291838-56.

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Saadiah, Kaspin, and Nadiah Mohamad. "Investigating the Standard Process of Conventional Gold Refining Process in Kelantan, Malaysia." In 2015 International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering. Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/seee-15.2015.42.

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Hallstadius, Hans S., Robert K. Stevens, and Charles P. Conner. "Opsis open-path monitor versus conventional point samplers in a field study." In Optical Sensing for Environmental and Process Monitoring, edited by Orman A. Simpson. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.210796.

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Barnes, Bryan M., and Mark-Alexander Henn. "Contrasting conventional and machine learning approaches to optical critical dimension measurements." In Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXXIV, edited by Ofer Adan and John C. Robinson. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2551504.

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Subramanian, Ramkumar, Stuart E. Brown, Susan H. Chen, Carmen Morales, Ernesto Gallardo, and Bhanwar Singh. "Process control and optimization of conventional metal process for 0.18-micron logic technology." In Microlithography 2000, edited by Neal T. Sullivan. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.386470.

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Tsai, C. H., T. F. Chen, C. T. Tsai, et al. "Unique Ultra Shallow Junction Scheme with Conventional Activation Process." In 2006 Symposium on VLSI Technology. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vlsit.2006.1705280.

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Grelewicz, Patryk, Pawel Nowak, Jacek Czeczot, and Michal Fratczak. "Corelation between Conventional and Data-Driven Control Performance Assessment Indices for Heating Process." In 2019 22nd International Conference on Process Control (PC19). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pc.2019.8815041.

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Reports on the topic "Conventional process"

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Sellgren, Katelyn, Christopher Gregory, Michael Hunt, et al. Development of an Electrochemical Process for Blackwater Disinfection in a Freestanding, Additive-Free Toilet. RTI Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2017.rr.0031.1704.

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Electrochemical disinfection has gained interest as an alternative to conventional wastewater treatment because of its high effectiveness and environmental compatibility. Two and a half billion people currently live without improved sanitation facilities. Our research efforts are focused on developing and implementing a freestanding, additive-free toilet system that treats and recycles blackwater on site. In this study, we sought to apply electrochemical disinfection to blackwater. We compared commercially available boron-doped diamond (BDD) and mixed metal oxide (MMO) electrodes for disinfection efficiency in E. coli–inoculated model wastewater. The MMO electrodes were found to be more efficient and thus selected for further study with blackwater. The energy required for disinfection by the MMO electrodes increased with the conductivity of the medium, decreased with increased temperature, and was independent of the applied voltage. Fecal contamination considerably increased the energy required for blackwater disinfection compared to model wastewater, demonstrating the need for testing in effluents representing the conditions of the final application.
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Pag, F., M. Jesper, U. Jordan, W. Gruber-Glatzl, and J. Fluch. Reference applications for renewable heat. IEA SHC Task 64, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task64-2021-0002.

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There is a high degree of freedom and flexibility in the way to integrate renewable process heat in industrial processes. Nearly in every industrial or commercial application various heat sinks can be found, which are suitable to be supplied by renewable heat, e.g. from solar thermal, heat pumps, biomass or others. But in contrast to conventional fossil fuel powered heating systems, most renewable heating technologies are more sensitive to the requirements defined by the specific demand of the industrial company. Fossil fuel-based systems benefit from their indifference to process temperatures in terms of energy efficiency, their flexibility with respect to part-load as well as on-off operation, and the fuel as a (unlimited) chemical storage. In contrast, the required temperature and the temporal course of the heat demand over the year determine whether a certain regenerative heat generator is technically feasible at all or at least significantly influence parameters like efficiency or coverage rate.
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Cameron, D. Characterization of solid wastes from conventional coal combustion processes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5540010.

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Cameron, D. Characterization of solid wastes from conventional coal combustion processes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5752711.

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Chase, G. G., and W. E. Glad. Analysis of OSPREY Processes and Conventional Power Aluminum Alloys. Defense Technical Information Center, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada255764.

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Gottschlich, D. E., and D. L. Roberts. Energy minimization of separation processes using conventional/membrane hybrid systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6195331.

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Revill, James, Alisha Anand, and Giacomo Persi Paoli. Exploring Science and Technology Review Mechanisms Under the Biological Weapons Convention. The United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37559/sectec/2021/sandtreviews/01.

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Since the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) opened for signature in 1972, biology and other converging disciplines have advanced considerably. These changes could have profound implications for a science-based disarmament agreement like the BWC. To address changes in biology and biotechnology, BWC States Parties have established processes to review developments in science and technology (S&amp;T), including annual expert meetings on this topic. However, shortcomings are evident in the current approaches and many BWC States Parties have expressed support for a more systematic review of science and technology under the Convention. This study seeks to inform discussions on establishing a dedicated and systematic S&amp;T review process under the BWC through an examination of existing S&amp;T review-type mechanisms employed in different regimes beyond the BWC, a survey of States Parties views on a possible review mechanism and a study of past and present discourse on this issue in the BWC. Based on the analysis conducted, this study also presents options for BWC States Parties to consider ahead of the Ninth BWC Review Conference.
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Galeano-Ramírez, Franky Juliano, Nicolás Martínez-Cortés, Carlos D. Rojas-Martínez, and Margaret Guerrero. Nowcasting Colombian Economic Activity: DFM and Factor-MIDAS approaches. Banco de la República, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1168.

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Economic policy decision-making requires constantly assessing the state of economic activity. However, this is not an easy task: official figures have significant lags, and the timely information is usually partial and has different frequencies. This paper applies two types of short-term forecasting methodologies (Factor-MIDAS and DFM) for Colombian economic activity involving information with mixed frequencies. We present a heuristic process to select relevant variables, and we evaluate the proposed models' fits by comparing them with traditional forecasting methodologies. Overall, DFM and Factor-MIDAS forecasts are better than those generated by conventional methodologies, especially as the flow of information increases. In times of COVID-19, the model with the best relative fit was the DFM.
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Mracek Dietrich, Anna, and Ravi Rajamani. Unsettled Issues Regarding the Certification of Electric Aircraft. SAE International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021007.

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The aerospace industry is beginning to grapple with the reality of certifying electric aircraft (EA), signaling the maturing of the field. Many players are ramping up their activities to respond to imminent technical, safety, and regulatory requirements. While there are gaps in EA knowledge as well as the processes for certifying them, some leading standards development organizations (SDOs) such as SAE International, ASTM International, and RTCA—ably supported by representatives from regulatory agencies—are stepping in to address many of these issues. Of special importance are the new rule changes in the normal category (14 CFR Part 23, Amendment 64) that shift from a prescriptive philosophy to “performance-based rules.” Regarding system knowledge, there has been a trend in the use electrical energy to power systems that have long employed mechanical hydraulics. In the new EA paradigm, these components will be employed at criticality levels not previously witnessed in conventional aircraft, calling for a specific set of certification demands. Unsettled Issues Regarding the Certification of Electric Aircraft tackles the certification challenges faced by EA manufacturers in both the small (normal) and large (transport) categories, addressing technical, business, and process issues.
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Martinez-Canales, Monica L., Robert Heaphy, Robert B. Gramacy, et al. Penetrator reliability investigation and design exploration : from conventional design processes to innovative uncertainty-capturing algorithms. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/966591.

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