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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Conventional values

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Academic literature on the topic 'Conventional values'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Conventional values"

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García-Santamarina, Sarela, Mariona García-Panyella, and Xavier Fuentes-Arderiu. "Conventional true values compared." Accreditation and Quality Assurance 10, no. 12 (February 15, 2006): 686–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00769-006-0088-x.

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Loo, Eric. "Going Beyond Conventional News Values." Media Asia 21, no. 2 (January 1994): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01296612.1994.11726436.

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Zavadilová, Ludmila, Jiří Bauer, Eva Kašná, and Miloslava Štípková. "Genomic and conventional breeding values for clinical mastitis." Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica 19, Special issue (September 1, 2016): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/afz.2016.19.si.87-92.

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McLean, R. C., Mcibse Mashrae, and G. H. Galbraith. "Interstitial condensation: Applicability of conventional vapour permeability values." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 9, no. 1 (February 1988): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014362448800900104.

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Kious, Brent M. "Autonomy and Values: Why the Conventional Theory of Autonomy is Not Value-Neutral." Philosophy, Psychiatry, & Psychology 22, no. 1 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ppp.2015.0002.

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Maqbul, Muazzam Sheriff, Ali Mohamed Alshabi, Aejaz A. Khan, S. M. Shakeel Iqubal, Tasneem Mohammed, Ibrahim Ahmed Shaikh, Areej Dawoud, Uday M. Muddapur, Mohammed Shahid Hussain, and S. K. Singh. "Comparison of e-test Values for Standard Antibiotics and Conventional Antimicrobial Assay Values for Ethanoic Acids against Nosocomial Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 14, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.14.1.26.

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Dobreski, Brian. "Authority and Universalism: Conventional Values in Descriptive Catalog Code." NASKO 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.7152/nasko.v6i1.15226.

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Every standard embodies a particular set of values. Some aspects are privileged while others are masked. Values embedded within knowledge organization standards have special import in that they are further perpetuated by the data they are used to generate. Within libraries, descriptive catalog codes serve as prominent knowledge organization standards, guiding the creation of resource representations. Though the historical and functional aspects of these standards have received significant attention, less focus has been placed on the values associated with such codes. In this study, a critical, historical analysis of ten Anglo- American descriptive catalog codes and surrounding discourse was conducted as an initial step towards uncovering key values associated with this lineage of standards. Two values in particular were found to be highly significant: authority and universalism. Authority is closely tied to notions of power and control, particularly over practice or belief. Increasing control over resources, identities, and viewpoints are all manifestations of the value of authority within descriptive codes. Universalism has guided the widening coverage of descriptive codes in regards to settings and materials, such as the extension of bibliographic standards to non-book resources. Together, authority and universalism represent conventional values focused on facilitating orderly social exchanges. A comparative lack of emphasis on values concerning human welfare and empowerment may be unsurprising, but raises questions concerning the role of human values in knowledge organization standards. Further attention to the values associated with descriptive codes and other knowledge organization standards is important as libraries and other institutions seek to share their resource representation data more widely.

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Penížek, V., and L. Borůvka. "Processing of conventional soil survey data using geostatistical methods." Plant, Soil and Environment 50, No. 8 (December 10, 2011): 352–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4043-pse.

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The aim of this study is to find a suitable treatment of conventional soil survey data for geostatistical exploitation. Different aims and methods of a conventional soil survey and the geostatistics can cause some problems. The spatial variability of clay content and pH for an area of 543 km<sup>2</sup> was described by variograms. First the original untreated data were used. Then the original data were treated to overcome the problems that arise from different aims of conventional soil survey and geostatistical approaches. Variograms calculated from the original data, both for clay content and pH, showed a big portion of nugget variability caused by a few extreme values. Simple exclusion of data representing some specific soil units (local extremes, non-zonal soils) did not bring almost any improvement. Exclusion of outlying values from the first three lag classes that were the most influenced due to a relatively big portion of these extreme values provided much better results. The nugget decreased from pure nugget to 50% of the sill variability for clay content and from 81 to 23% for pH.

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Beigley, John R., Alan T. Hutton, and Wendy D. McLean. "Saponification Values of Waxes by Microwave Instead of Conventional Heating." Organic Process Research & Development 3, no. 3 (May 1999): 224–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/op980098q.

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Beltrami, Fernando G., Christian Froyd, Alexis R. Mauger, Alan J. Metcalfe, Frank Marino, and Timothy D. Noakes. "Conventional testing methods produce submaximal values of maximum oxygen consumption." British Journal of Sports Medicine 46, no. 1 (December 12, 2011): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2011-090306.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Conventional values"

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Rader, Thomas J. "Comparing Estimates of the Capacity Values of Photovoltaic Solar Power Plants Using Hourly and Sub-hourly Data." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1353966527.

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Cannon, Ammie. "Controversial Politics, Conservative Genre: Rex Stout's Archie-Wolfe Duo and Detective Fiction's Conventional Form." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2006. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/469.

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Rex Stout maintained his popular readership despite the often controversial and radical political content expressed in his detective fiction. His political ideals often made him many enemies. Stances such as his ardent opposition to censorship, racism, Nazism, Germany, Fascism, Communism, McCarthyism, and the unfettered FBI were potentially offensive to colleagues and readers from various political backgrounds. Yet Stout attempted to present radical messages via the content of his detective fiction with subtlety. As a literary traditionalist, he resisted using his fiction as a platform for an often extreme political agenda. Where political messages are apparent in his work, Stout employs various techniques to mute potentially offensive messages. First, his hugely successful bantering Archie Goodwin-Nero Wolfe detective duo—a combination of both the lippy American and the tidy, sanitary British detective schools—fosters exploration, contradiction, and conflict between political viewpoints. Archie often rejects or criticizes Wolfe's extreme political viewpoints. Second, Stout utilizes the contradictions between values that occur when the form of detective fiction counters his radical political messages. This suggests that the form of detective fiction (in this case the conventional patterns and attitudes reinforced by the genre) is as important as the content (in this case the muted political message or the lack of overt politics) in reinforcing or shaping political, economic, moral, and social viewpoints. An analysis of the novels The Black Mountain (1954) and The Doorbell Rang (1965) and the novellas "Not Quite Dead Enough" and "Booby Trap" (1944) from Stout's Nero Wolfe series demonstrates his use of detective fiction for both the expression of political viewpoints and the muting of those political messages.

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Ghares, Mariem. "La place des valeurs dans la prise de décisions stratégiques : étude comparative entre banque islamique et banque classique." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40036.

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Dans ce temps de crise, nombreuses sont les préoccupations qui réclament une moralisation du management. La revendication d’une référence valeurs s’est répandue dans les entreprises afin de servir de catalyseur aux comportements managériaux. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’analyser les valeurs énoncées par les deux types de banques islamiques et classiques, dans une dynamique stratégique afin de déterminer le rôle que peuvent jouer les valeurs dans le processus de prise de décisions stratégiques. D’abord, nous avons recensé les valeurs mises en avant par chaque banque. Ensuite, nous avons tenté de comprendre la perception et l’appropriation de ces valeurs dans leur pratique de management, notamment les projets stratégiques. Enfin, un audit de conformité aux valeurs s’est avéré intéressant pour mesurer les écarts par rapport à l’incarnation des valeurs.Sur le plan méthodologique, cette recherche s’inscrit tout d’abord dans une étude exploratoire dont les résultats vont servir à construire un nouveau cadre théorique d’analyse, ensuite nous avons procédé à une analyse intra-cas pour étudier en profondeur la problématique dans les cas retenus et pour terminer, une analyse inter-cas a eu lieu en vue d’effectuer l’étude comparative qualitative
In a period of economic crisis, there are more and more concerns about moralizing management methods. Claims of values as a background of managerial behavior are becoming common in business. This thesis has as objective to analyze and compare, in a strategic and dynamical way, the set of values of both conventional and Islamic banks. The aim is to determine the potential role of values in the process of strategic decisions making. First, we identified the set of values displayed by each bank. Then we searched to understand the appropriation of these values in managerial practices especially in strategic projects. Finally, an audit was proposed in order to measure deviations from the displayed values. This research is an exploratory study. Indeed, research results were first used to build a new theoretical framework which served, in a second step, to analyze in depth the selected case studies. Finally, the same framework was again used in order comparative qualitatively these case studies

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Dunphy, Bruce C. "The clinical value of conventional semen analysis." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332394.

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The object of this thesis was to determine the independent predictive value of semen parameters obtained from the conventional analysis of semen by the methods advocated by the World Health Organisation in 1987, and of the descriptive semen categories also advocated by the World Health Organisation in 1987. The laboratory error in assessing sperm motility, density and morphology was quantified, and minimised by examining the predictive value of semen analyses performed by one technician. It was determined whether it is important to employ stringent criteria for recruiting fertile controls, by comparing semen parameters obtained from 'fertile' men who were recruited by two different methods. The relationship between demographic and clinical female factors and the cumulative conception rate was studied. The relationship between semen parameters and fertility was studied by two different methods. Firstly 'fertile' controls were compared to men who had attended an infertility clinic who were grouped by details of their partners. Secondly the relationship between semen parameters and the cumulative conception rate was studied after having considered known female factors. The relationship between information obtained from the history and physical examination of the male partner and the cumulative conception rate was studied, and it was determined whether semen analysis furnished predictive information independent of these features. This study also attempted to determine how many semen samples should be examined for optimum predictive value.

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Vergnet, Nicolas. "La création et la répartition de la valeur en droit fiscal international." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020063/document.

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La crise financière de 2008 et l’accroissement considérable de l’endettement public qui en a résulté ont mis au centre des priorités politiques contemporaines la nécessité de veiller à un alignement entre la fiscalité internationale et la création de valeur. Cette contemporanéité de l’enjeu ne doit pas occulter la redondance de ses causes avec celles qui ont présidé à la mise en place des premiers modèles de conventions fiscales bilatérales durant l’entre-deux-guerres sous l’égide de la Société des Nations. L’étude des travaux de l’organisation durant les années 1920 ainsi que de leur reprise par l’OECE puis l’OCDE au cours de la seconde moitié du XXème siècle permet de constater que l’ordre fiscal international actuel repose sur une logique d’alignement de la répartition de la matière taxable avec la géographie de la création de valeur. L’étonnement que suscite cette constatation lorsqu’elle est mise en perspective avec les critiques faites au système fiscal international actuel invite plus que jamais à étudier les rapports qu’entretient ce dernier avec la création de valeur : leurs connexions, leurs déconnexions, et les tentatives de reconnexions dont ils font l’objet
The 2008 financial crisis and the resulting significant increase in public debt have put the focus of today's political priorities on the need to tax profits in accordance with value creation. The topicality of this issue must not overshadow the striking similarity of its causes with those that led to the drafting of the first model tax treaties in the 1920s under the aegis of the League of Nations. A study of the organisation's work, built on by the OEEC, and the OECD in the second half of the 20th century, shows that the current international tax system already tends to align jurisdiction to tax with value creation. This observation is surprising when put in perspective with the criticisms of the current international tax order. It invites us more than ever to study the relationship between the international tax system and value creation: their connections, their disconnections, and the attempts to reconnect them

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Elhadji, Issa Maazou. "Le rôle de la source de financement dans le Business Model de la PE/TPE ouest-africaine : de la convention de financement à la convention d'affaires." Thesis, Paris 9, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA090057/document.

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L'objectif de notre thèse est d'étudier le Business Model (BM) des PE/TPE ouest africaines à travers une approche conventionnaliste et institutionnaliste. Le BM et la convention constituent nos choix conceptuels et théoriques de départ, tandis que l'approche institutionnaliste s'est invitée via les thèmes émergents lors de l'étude. Nous avons qualifié notre conceptualisation conventionnaliste du BM de «modèle 3C» de la triple convention: convention de la valeur, convention de financement et convention d'exploitation. L'hypothèse centrale suggère que ces trois conventions lient la source de financement à la PE/TPE et que l'étude du rôle de la source de financement permettrait de comprendre le BM de la PE/TPE. L'opérationnalisation de la grille d'analyse du modèle 3C, à travers une méthodologie de recherche mixte et abductive a abouti à des résultats sur trois volets : 1) la compréhension des conventions du BM des PE/TPE nécessite un retour aux conditions préalables à celles-Ci; 2) il existe une pluralité de conventions de BM en fonction des PE/TPE, le dirigeant de la PE/TPE et des sources de financement; 3) les conventions de BM ne sont pas qu'une fonction de la source de financement et de la PE/TPE; les cadres institutionnels jouent un rôle important. Un retour sur les concepts clefs de notre recherche à la lumière de nos résultats a permis d'ouvrir des nouvelles perspectives d'étude
The aim of our work is to study the Business Model (BM) of small and micro business (SMB) in West Africa. Our research is based on a conventionalist and institutionalist approach of the concept of BM. BM and the convention are our conceptual and theoretical initial choice, while the institutionalist approach has been introduced through the emerging topics during our research. We called our conventionalist conceptualization of BM "modèle 3C" of tree convention: value convention, financing convention and operating convention. The central hypothesis of our study suggests that these three conventions link the funding source to theSMB. So the role of funding source is relevant to study the SMB BM. The operationalization of the analytical framework of the 3C model, through a mixed methodology and abductive research has produced results in three areas: 1) understanding of the conventions of SMB BM requires a return to the preconditions; 2) there is a plurality of conventions of BM based of SMB, according to the leader of the SMB and funding sources; 3) BM conventions are not only a function of the source of funding and SMB; institutional context play an important role. A critical view of the key concepts of our research based on our findings has opened new avenues of study

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Urrutiaguer, Daniel. "Médiations et conventions dans l'évaluation de la qualité théâtrale." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100084.

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La modélisation essentialiste de la qualité, quand elle est perçue objectivement comme dans les modèles de différenciation des produits, limite les médiateurs à un rôle d'intermédiation dans les informations sur les caractéristiques artistiques. A l'opposé une conception pragmatique de la qualité, qui émerge dans une relation d'écoute et est perçue subjectivement selon les expériences passées, justifie l'influence des groupes de médiateurs sur les anticipations de qualité s'ils inspirent confiance. Les experts des administrations publiques, les critiques dramatiques, les programmateurs hiérarchisent par leurs choix le monde de l'art théâtral. Le cadre de références communes nécessaire à la reconnaissance des formes artistiques, à l'interprétation des symboles et à la formation des goûts suppose un partage de conventions entre spectateurs et producteurs. Une banque de données personnelles collectées sur les institutions théâtrales en 1995 et 1996 a permis de modéliser les variables explicatives de la demande adressée à ces dernières. Elles corroborent l'hypothèse d'une opposition d'adhésion des spectateurs aux échelles de jugement des critiques et des programmateurs. Cette opposition peut-être interprétée comme la coexistence de deux ordres de qualité, animés par une même convention de qualité connexionniste inspirée et différenciés par les ordres médiatique et institutionnel. L'étude des profils de marché à partir du modèle de White montre la diversité des stratégies productives pour un même ordre de qualité. Elle permet de classer les institutions théâtrales selon leur degré de réussite dans l'adaptation à court terme de leur programmation à l'évolution de la fréquentation
With an essentialist modelling of quality, which supposes that its perception is objective as in the models of product differenciation, the role of mediators is reduced to giving the true information on the artistic characteristics. On the other hand a pragmatic conception, for which quality emerges from listening to the performance and is subjectively perceived depending on the past experiences, justifies that the groups of mediators influence the anticipation of quality when audiences trust their appraisal. In the same way, the assesments of the experts of public authorities, the drama critics and the theatre programmers stratify the world of theatrical art. A frame of common references is necessary to recognize the artistic forms, interpret symbols and steady one's tastes. It supposes that attendues and producers share some conventions. A set of detailed data on theatrical institutions in 1995 and 1996 was used to model the explanatory variables of their demand. They support an hypothesis on the opposition of attendees' adherence to the scales of judgement of drama critics and theatre programmers. This fact could be interpreted as the coexistence of two orders of quality which are connected to the same convention of reticular and inspired quality but are differenciated between a media and an institutional orders. The study of market profiles from a version of white's model shows that the producers' stratégies are diverse for a same order of quality. It is a tool suited to classify failure and succes in the short-tern adaptation of the programmation to the evolution of attendance

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Tanous, William Brandon. "A benefit-cost analysis of the San Marcos conference center in San Marcos, Texas /." View online, 2007. http://ecommons.txstate.edu/arp/266/.

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Kitchen, Julie Louise. "Nutrition and nutrional value of wheat grown in organic and conventional farming systems in South Australia." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phk618.pdf.

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Breeze, Andrew Christopher Graham. "The value, comparability and acceptability of conventional and magnetic resonance imaging post mortem in fetal medicine." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610188.

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Books on the topic "Conventional values"

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Oseman, Robert. Conferences and their literature: A question of value. London: Library Association, 1989.

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Conferences and their literature: A question of value. London: Library Association, 1989.

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UNESCO, cultural heritage, and outstanding universal value: Value-based analyses of the World Heritage and Intangible Cultural Heritage Convention. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield Pub., 2012.

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Platone, Giuseppe. Valdesi e riforma nel passaggio di Chanforan (1532). Torino: Claudiana, 2014.

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Psychological Association of the Philippines. Convention. The Philippine scenario after the February revolution: A psychological view : papers read at the 23rd Annual Convention of the Psychological Association of the Philippines, Manila, August 5-7, 1986. Edited by Ledesma Lourdes K. [Manila]: The Association, 1986.

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Ecker, Thomas. A VAT/GST model convention: Tax treaties as solution for value added tax and goods and services tax double taxation. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: IBFD, 2013.

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Lamerichs, Nicolle. Productive Fandom. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789089649386.

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To dismantle negative stereotypes of fans, this book offers a media ethnography of the digital culture, conventions, and urban spaces associated with fandoms, arguing that fandom is an area of productive, creative, and subversive value. By examining the fandoms of Sherlock, Glee, Firefly, and other popular television-based franchises, the author appeals to fans and scholars alike in her empirically grounded methodology and insightful analysis of production hierarchies, gender, sexuality, play, and affect.

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Powder & Bulk Solids Conference/Exhibition (1997 Rosemont, Il.). Optimization and design of granulation technologies for high-value added industries: Powder & Bulk Solids Conference/Exhibition, May 5-8, 1997, Rosemont Convention Center, Rosemont, IL. Nashville, TN: E&G Associates, 1997.

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International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition (47th 2002 Long Beach, California). Affordable materials technology : platform to global value and performance: 47th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition : Long Beach Convention Center, Long Beach California, May 12-16, 2002. Covina, California: Society for the Advancement of Material and Process Engineering, 2002.

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Canada, Canada Industrie. La Loi canadienne sur les sociétés par actions: Document de consultation : conventions unanimes des actionnaires. Ottawa, Ont: Industrie Canada, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Conventional values"

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Russo, Kira Artemis, and Zachary A. Smith. "Conventional Values of Water." In What Water Is Worth, 1–21. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137062499_1.

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Koch, T., C. Bierögel, and S. Seidler. "Conventional Hardness Values - Introduction." In Polymer Solids and Polymer Melts–Mechanical and Thermomechanical Properties of Polymers, 423–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55166-6_70.

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Koch, T., C. Bierögel, and S. Seidler. "Conventional Hardness Values - Application." In Polymer Solids and Polymer Melts–Mechanical and Thermomechanical Properties of Polymers, 428–30. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55166-6_71.

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Koch, T., C. Bierögel, and S. Seidler. "Conventional Hardness Values - Data." In Polymer Solids and Polymer Melts–Mechanical and Thermomechanical Properties of Polymers, 431–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55166-6_72.

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Russo, Kira Artemis, and Zachary A. Smith. "Non-Conventional Community Values of Water." In What Water Is Worth, 52–67. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137062499_4.

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Thompson, Allison. "Beyond Conventional Limits: Intangible Heritage Values and Sustainability Through Sport." In Going Beyond, 133–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57165-2_10.

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Bishop, J. M., and S. Westland. "Prediction of Reflectance Values: Towards the Integration of Neural and Conventional Colorimetry." In ICANN ’93, 822–25. London: Springer London, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2063-6_232.

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Hartig, Terry. "Restoration in Nature: Beyond the Conventional Narrative." In Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 89–151. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69020-5_5.

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AbstractThe restoration perspective on human adaptation offers a broad view of relations between environment and health; however, it remains underutilized as a source of insight for nature-and-health studies. In this chapter, I start from the restoration perspective in showing ways to extend theory and research concerned with the benefits of nature experience. I first set out the basic premises of the restoration perspective and consider how it has come to have particular relevance for understanding the salutary values now commonly assigned to nature experience. I then discuss the currently conventional theoretical narrative about restorative effects of nature experience and organize some of its components in a general framework for restorative environments theory. Extending the framework, I put forward two additional theories. These call attention to the restoration of resources as held within closer relationships and as held collectively by members of a population. In closing, I consider ways to work with the general framework and further develop the narrative about nature, restoration, and health. The extensions made here raise important considerations for nature preservation efforts, urban planning, health promotion strategies, and ways of thinking about human–nature relations.

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Buckmann, Marcus, Andreas Joseph, and Helena Robertson. "Opening the Black Box: Machine Learning Interpretability and Inference Tools with an Application to Economic Forecasting." In Data Science for Economics and Finance, 43–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66891-4_3.

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AbstractWe present a comprehensive comparative case study for the use of machine learning models for macroeconomics forecasting. We find that machine learning models mostly outperform conventional econometric approaches in forecasting changes in US unemployment on a 1-year horizon. To address the black box critique of machine learning models, we apply and compare two variables attribution methods: permutation importance and Shapley values. While the aggregate information derived from both approaches is broadly in line, Shapley values offer several advantages, such as the discovery of unknown functional forms in the data generating process and the ability to perform statistical inference. The latter is achieved by the Shapley regression framework, which allows for the evaluation and communication of machine learning models akin to that of linear models.

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Woleński, Jan. "Truth-Makers and Convention T." In Mind, Values, and Metaphysics, 79–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04199-5_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Conventional values"

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Udie, Celestine A., Agnes A. Anuka, and Ekpenyong A. Ana. "Alternative Energy Values in Natural Gasfractionation." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207187-ms.

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Abstract: Global energy crisis has been on the increase due to increase on energy demand driven by population growth. In attempting to address the global energy crisis, this work uses the alternative resources to diversify the conventional energy sources in order to supplement the available energy generating sources. Energy resources are being evaluated to supplement the conventional energy sources thereby boosting the total energy generation in a nation. Technical and economic models are developed and used to evaluate the energy values in natural gas fractionation. Natural gas fractions evaluated include liquefied natural gas (LNG), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and condensate (liquid fuel). Collated field data are inputted into the developed economic models to estimate feasible technical and economic values in each of the gas fractions. The technical and economic analysis revealed that bulk natural gas contains 85.76% liquefied natural gas, 11.61% liquefied petroleum gas and 2.28% condensate (liquid). The result also revealed that natural gas fractionation improves its economic and energy values. With this, it is clear that the improvement in natural gas energy sources has the potency to supplement, hydro-electric power source, coal power source, oil and/or diesel fuel power sources.

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Iturri, Peio Lopez, Erik Aguirre, Leire Azpilicueta, Silvia de Miguel-Bilbao, Victoria Ramos, and Francisco Falcone. "Assessment of electromagnetic dosimetric values from non-ionizing radiofrequency sources in a conventional road vehicle." In 2014 USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (Joint with AP-S Symposium). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/usnc-ursi.2014.6955400.

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Kumar, Pankaj, and A. K. Dahiya. "A comparison in THD values of conventional 3-phase VSI with different conduction angles of thyristors." In 2016 3rd International Conference on Electrical Energy Systems (ICEES). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icees.2016.7510592.

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Graniero, Lauren E., Wesley G. Parker, Donna Surge, and Yurena Yanes. "COMPARISON BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL IRMS AND SIMS FOR ANALYZING δ18O VALUES IN BIOGENIC CARBONATES FOR PALEOTEMPERATURE RECONSTRUCTIONS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-333731.

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Kuroda, Koji, and Hiroyuki Hamada. "Proposal of Future-Applied Conventional Technology." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-67390.

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Japan is geopolitically blessed with natural grace such as beautiful four seasons, abundant forest, fruitful earth and fresh water. And it seems that it has induced the deep trust between nature and human and has cultivated the Japanese unique culture which harmonizes nature with human sensibility. The origin of handmade technology in Japan dates back to the Jomon period more than 10,000 years ago. The Jomon potteries excavated were made by utilizing the technologies of kneading clay with water and sintering by fire, and some of them were discovered to have the lacquer coatings on their surfaces extracted from plants. The conventional technology would be created by our predecessors who had the sophisticated sensitivity and the excellent imagination cultivated with the careful observation of nature behavior. The technology was handed down to today through various historical changes in response to the diverse values of the individual era. It can be considered that the Japanese conventional technology is the nature friendly cultural asset co-created by nature and human through the long-term environmental changes more than 10000 years. Future-applied conventional technology is the most reliable technology study to develop the future and to hand over the advanced value to the next generation.In this study, we scrutinized the related theme studied by Future-Applied Conventional Technology Center in Kyoto Institute of Technology, in order to extract the engineering element inherent in the conventional technologies and classify into common elements and specific elements for each technology. From the view point of nature and human relation, engineering elements were extracted comprehensively about the main materials, the auxiliary materials, the human sensibility, the hand tools and the human skills. The main materials and the auxiliary materials were classified into “wood, fire, earth, metal, water” according to the old Eastern thought “the five elements theory” which constitute nature, and animal-derived materials in addition. The human sensibility elements were extracted about the material evaluation, the dynamic process observation and the finished degree evaluation and classified into five senses “visual, auditory, tactile, taste, smell”, and the other sense such as fitness feeling with clothes or accessories. The hand tools were listed such as brush, trowel, spatula, scissors and hammer with the features of usage. The human skills were extracted about each material manipulating process comprehensively and classified into common elements and specific elements, by considering the features respectively. With applying this study as a guideline for the innovation of the future technology harmonized with nature and human, it would be expected to promote variety of researches of the conventional technology and to develop the future technology for the modern cutting-edge field, by feeling the importance of the engineering elements and their relationship study inherent in the conventional technology.

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Mooney, Tom, Kelda Bratley, Amin Amin, and Timothy Jadot. "Modeling Production Facilities Using Conventional Process Simulators and Data Validation and Reconciliation DVR Methodology." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31082-ms.

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Abstract The use of conventional process simulators is commonplace for system design and is growing in use for online monitoring and optimization applications. While these simulators are extremely useful, additional value can be extracted by combining simulator predictions with field inputs from measurement devices such as flowmeters, pressure and temperature sensors. The statistical nature of inputs (e.g., measurement uncertainty) are typically not considered in the forward calculations performed by the simulators and so may lead to erroneous results if the actual raw measurement is in error or biased. A complementary modeling methodology is proposed to identify and correct measurement and process errors as an integral part of a robust simulation practice. The studied approach ensures best quality data for direct use in the process models and simulators for operations and process surveillance. From a design perspective, this approach also makes it possible to evaluate the impact of uncertainty of measured and unmeasured variables on CAPEX spend and optimize instrument / meter design. In this work, an extended statistical approach to process simulation is examined using Data Validation and Reconciliation, (DVR). The DVR methodology is compared to conventional non-statistical, deterministic process simulators. A key difference is that DVR uses any measured variable (inlet, outlet, or in between measurements), including its uncertainty, in the modelled process as an input, where only inlet measurement values are used by traditional simulators to estimate the values of all other measured and unmeasured variables. A walk through the DVR calculations and applications is done using several comparative case studies of a typical surface process facility. Examples are the simulation of commingled multistage oil and gas separation process, the validation of separators flowmeters and fluids samples, and the quantification of unmeasured variables along with their uncertainties. The studies demonstrate the added value from using redundancy from all available measurements in a process model based on the DVR method. Single points and data streaming field cases highlight the dependency and complementing roles of traditional simulators, and data validation provided by the DVR methodology; it is shown how robust measurement management strategies can be developed based on DVR’s effective surveillance capabilities. Moreover, the cases demonstrate how DVR-based capex and opex improvements are derived from effective hardware selection using cost versus measurement precision trade-offs, soft measurements substitutes, and from condition-based maintenance strategies.

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Inamdar, Kedar H., and S. G. Joshi. "Quantitative Evaluation of Surface Roughness of Flat Metal Surfaces Using Computer Vision System." In ASME 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2006-95322.

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In this paper, a method of quantitative evaluation of surface roughness based on computer vision system is presented. A low cost computer vision system consisting of flat bed desktop scanner connected to personal computer (PC) is used. A large number of surface specimens such as EN-8, EN-9, cast iron, copper, brass, aluminium, C-20, C-45 steel etc. were carefully prepared by using various machining processes like planing, shaping, turning, milling, grinding, polishing etc. to generate a database of surface specimens with different lay-types and surface roughness values. This database is evaluated for conventional surface roughness parameters like Rt, Ra, Rq and for RGB colour component values at each pixel over the digital images of these produced surfaces. By using the technique of multiple linear regression analysis, the conventional roughness values and colur component values were correlated with each other to form a multiple linear regression equation for Rt. The value of surface roughness Rt obtained for a given specimen using this equation was then crosschecked and confirmed with the results obtained by using conventional method for the same specimen. When any test surface is introduced for surface roughness evaluation, the developed method relates the colour component values obtained from its surface image, to the conventional values like Rt, Ra, Rq. In addition to this, surface topographical representation and summits are also presented. Using this method even the evaluation of the surface roughness in the nano-metre level can be carried out to fulfill the requirements of experimental field of 0.001 to 50 microns.

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Ramdani, Soufiane, Nobuhiko Yamasaki, Yuzo Inokuchi, and Tatsuya Ishii. "Large Eddy Simulation of Conventional and Bias Flow Acoustic Liners." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-63693.

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This study deals with the acoustic behavior of acoustic liners and the flow field around the perforated plate by solving numerically the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. The difficulty of visualizing the flow around the small holes of the plate makes the numerical simulations very attractive in order to well understand the acoustic behavior of the liner. The chosen liner was previously studied by Tam et al. [1] experimentally and using the Direct Numerical Simulation for the case of a conventional acoustic liner under normal sound wave incidence. The results obtained by Tam et al. [1] serve for the validation of the results obtained in the present research. Moreover, in this study, the focus is on the numerical simulation of the influence of bias flow on the absorption performance of a slit liner using the large eddy simulation. Two different methods are used to calculate the absorption coefficient in the computational aeroacoustics (CAA) simulation of the resonator. The first method is the transfer function method, and it simulates the impedance acoustic tube used in the experiment. The second method is the viscous dissipation method, and it calculates the power at which the acoustic energy is converted in viscous dissipation. The viscous dissipation method gives good agreement for the calculated absorption coefficients at the sound source pressure level of 150 dB. Shed vortices are developed in this case, and are considered to be the main cause of sound dissipation. The transfer function and the viscous dissipation methods used to calculate the absorption coefficients give good results for frequencies higher and equal to 2 kHz when the sound source pressure level is set to 130 dB. Only at the frequencies of 1 kHz, the obtained values are different from the values obtained by Tam et al. [1]. Shed vortices are not observed when the resonator is under only normal sound wave incidence of 130 dB. The introduction of a bias flow passing through the aperture of the resonator is investigated. The acoustic performance of the liner in this case and a comparison of the flow behavior at the aperture with a conventional liner is highlighted. When the sound pressure level is equal to 130 dB, an increase in the absorption is obtained for frequencies above the resonance frequency when the bias flow passing through the aperture is introduced. On the other hand, the absorption is reduced for the resonance frequency. However, when the SPL is equal to 150 dB, the absorption coefficient is higher near the resonance frequency, while for higher frequencies the absorption coefficient is lower.

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Holland, Frederic A. "A Simple Method for Estimating the Parameters of the Beta Distribution Applied to Modeling Uncertainty in Gas Turbine Inlet Temperature." In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30295.

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The beta distribution is a particularly convenient model for random variables when only the minimum, maximum and most likely values are available. It is also very useful for estimating the mean and standard deviation given this information. In this paper a simple method is proposed to estimate the beta parameters from these three values. The proposed method has advantages over the conventional approach. In the conventional approach, the four parameters of the beta distribution are determined from only three values by assuming a standard deviation that is one-sixth the range. In contrast, the new method assumes a value for one of the beta shape parameters based on an analogy with the normal distribution. This new approach allows for a very simple algebraic solution of the beta shape parameters in contrast to the simultaneous solution required by the conventional method. The results of the proposed method are very similar to the conventional method. However, the proposed method generally gives a slightly higher (more conservative) estimate of the standard deviation when the distribution is skewed. In addition, the new approach allows the standard deviation to vary as the shape or skew of the distribution varies. Both methods were applied to modeling the probability distribution of temperature.

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Fajardo, J., A. Buelvas, and H. Valle. "Conventional and Advanced Exergoeconomic Analysis in a Nitric Acid Production Plant." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10642.

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Abstract An advanced exergoeconomic analysis (AEA) allows determining the part of Exergy Destruction and total investment costs that can be avoided. The results of the advanced analysis show the economic costs to be reduced and improvements that can be achieved for the system in terms of the overall efficiency. A Nitric Acid Production Plant of 350 tons/day was taken as case of study to implement a conventional and advanced exergoeconomic analysis. In this work, the investment costs and exergy destruction of the components of the system were divided into 2 groups such as endogenous/exogenous and avoidable/unavoidable parts to obtain accurate information about the performance of the plant. Conventional exergoeconomic analysis showed that 58.5% of the total cost of the exergy destruction is caused by the catalytic converter with a cost rate of 687.84 $/h. The highest values of the exergoeconomic factor were for Tail Gas Desuperheater (99.01%), Condenser (96.35%) and Tail Gas Heater (87%). The costs of the production process can be improved by reducing the total investment of these three components. The lowest value of exergoeconomic factor was calculated for the Catalytic Converter (15.25%) which implies that thermodynamic efficiency of this equipment must be enhanced. Based on AEA results, most exergy destruction of the Catalytic Converter is avoidable and exogenous. The destruction cost of the avoidable exergy for this component was 54.4 $ / h, which means that more than 50% of the total cost of the exergy destruction of the Catalytic Converter can be minimized to improve the performance of other equipment of the plant. Most exergy destruction costs for Tail Gas Heater, Absorption Tower and Air Heater, are unavoidable and endogenous and they cannot be reduced by improving the performance of these equipments. In addition, the cost of the exergy destruction of the Tail Gas Desuperheater is largely unavoidable (66.9 $ / h). In particular, 85%, 88% and 83% of the investment cost of the Tail Gas Desuperheater, the Absorption Tower and the Catalytic Converter, respectively, are exogenous; that is, it is only affected by the structure of the plant and the operation of the other components, but not by its internal thermodynamic inefficiencies.

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Reports on the topic "Conventional values"

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Ruiz de Gauna, Itziar, Anil Markandya, Laura Onofri, Francisco (Patxi) Greño, Javier Warman, Norma Arce, Alejandra Navarrete, et al. Economic Valuation of the Ecosystem Services of the Mesoamerican Reef, and the Allocation and Distribution of these Values. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003289.

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Coral reefs are one of the most diverse and valuable ecosystems on Earth. The Mesoamerican Reef contains the largest barrier reef in the Western Hemisphere. However, its health is threatened, so there is a need for a management and sustainable conservation. Key to this is knowing the economic value of the ecosystem. “Mainstreaming the value of natural capital into policy decision-making is vital” The value of environmental and natural resources reflects what society is willing to pay for a good or service or to conserve natural resources. Conventional economic approaches tended to view value only in terms of the willingness to pay for raw materials and physical products generated for human production and consumption (e.g. fish, mining materials, pharmaceutical products, etc.). As recognition of the potential negative impacts of human activity on the environment became more widespread, economists began to understand that people might also be willing to pay for other reasons beyond the own current use of the service (e.g. to protect coral reefs from degradation or to know that coral reefs will remain intact in the future). As a result of this debate, Total Economic Value (TEV) became the most widely used and commonly accepted framework for classifying economic benefits of ecosystems and for trying to integrate them into decision-making. This report estimates the economic value of the following goods and services provided by the MAR's coral reefs: Tourism & Recreation, Fisheries, Shoreline protection. To our knowledge, the inclusion of non-use values in the economic valuation of the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System is novel, which makes the study more comprehensive.

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Rodriguez Hernandez, Katherine, and Sandra Starkey. Non-conventional Patternmaking and Draping Methods: An Added Value for Apparel Design. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, November 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-1580.

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Carruth, William D. Evaluation of In-Place Asphalt Recycling for Airfield Applications. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41142.

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Over the last few decades, in-place recycling of asphalt pavements has seen increased use by the highway industry, primarily to take a dvantage of potential cost and logistical savings compared to conventional reconstruction. More recently, the U.S. Navy and Federal Aviation Administration have allowed recycling to be used on airfields with lighter traffic. This report contains a discussion of in-place recycling design considerations obtained from a literature review of its use in the highway industry. Observations developed from a review of airfield pavement projects that have utilized recycling is also included. A structural analysis was performed using the Pavement-Transportation Computer Assisted Structural Engineering (PCASE) tool to determine typical stiffness values that recycled layers must achieve to support various types of military aircraft traffic for different pavement structures. Overall, in-place recycling is recommended for consideration as a rehabilitati on technique for military airfield pavements, and further investigation is recommended before it is implemented it into design guidance.

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Husak, Ryan, and Joseph G. Sebranek. A Survey of Commercially Available Broilers Originating from Organic, Free-range, and Conventional Production Systems for Meat Yield, Composition, and Relative Value. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-609.

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Mandaville, Peter. Worlding the Inward Dimensions of Islam. IIIT, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47816/01.003.20.

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Muqtedar Khan’s Islam and Good Governance: A Political Philosophy of Ihsan is, above all, an expression of faith.[1] This does not mean that we should engage it as a confessional text — although it certainly is one at some level — or that it necessitates or assumes a particular faith positionality on the part of its reader. Rather, Khan seeks here to build a vision and conception of Islamic governance that does not depend on compliance with or fidelity to some outward standard — whether that be European political liberalism or madhhabi requirements. Instead, he draws on concepts, values, and virtues commonly associated with Islam’s more inward dimensions to propose a strikingly original political philosophy: one that makes worldly that which has traditionally been kept apart from the world. More specifically, Khan locates the basis of a new kind of Islamic politics within the Qur’anic and Prophetic injunction of ihsan, which implies beautification, excellence, or perfection — conventionally understood as primarily spiritual in nature. However, this is not a politics that concerns itself with domination (the pursuit, retention, and maximization of power); it is neither narrowly focused on building governmental structures that supposedly correspond with divine diktat nor understood as contestation or competition. This is, as the book’s subtitle suggests, a pathway to a philosophy of the political which defines the latter in terms of searching for the Good.

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Putriastuti, Massita Ayu Cindy, Vivi Fitriyanti, and Muhammad Razin Abdullah. Leveraging the Potential of Crowdfunding for Financing Renewable Energy. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33116/br.002.

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• Renewable energy (RE) projects in Indonesia usually have IRR between 10% and 15% and PP around 6 to 30 years • Attractive return usually could be found in large scale RE projects, although there are numerous other factors involved including technology developments, capacity scale, power purchasing price agreements, project locations, as well as interest rates and applied incentives. • Crowdfunding (CF) has big potential to contribute to the financing of RE projects especially financing small scale RE projects. • P2P lending usually targeted short-term loans with high interest rates. Therefore, it cannot be employed as an alternative financing for RE projects in Indonesia. • Three types of CF that can be employed as an alternative for RE project funding in Indonesia. Namely, securities, reward, and donation-based CF. In addition, hybrid models such as securities-reward and reward-donation could also be explored according to the project profitability. • Several benefits offer by securities crowdfunding (SCF) compared to conventional banking and P2P lending, as follows: (1) issuer do not need to pledge assets as collateral; (2) do not require to pay instalment each month; (3) issuer share risks with investors with no obligation to cover the investor’s loss; (4) applicable for micro, small, medium, enterprises (MSMEs) with no complex requirements; and (5) there is possibility to attract investors with bring specific value. • Several challenges that need to be tackled such as the uncertainty of RE regulations; (1) issuer’s inability in managing the system and business; (2) the absence of third parties in bridging between CF platform and potential issuer from RE project owner; (3) the lack of financial literacy of the potential funders; and (4) lastly the inadequacy of study regarding potential funders in escalating the RE utilisation in Indonesia.

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Ama Pokuaa, Fenny, Aba Obrumah Crentsil, Christian Kwaku Osei, and Felix Ankomah Asante. Fiscal and Public Health Impact of a Change in Tobacco Excise Taxes in Ghana. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2020.003.

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This working paper predicts the fiscal and public health outcomes from a change in the excise tax structure for cigarettes in Ghana. More than 5,000 people are killed by diseases caused by tobacco every year in Ghana (Tobacco Atlas 2018). Currently the country has a unitary tax administration approach, with a uniform ad valorem tax structure on all excisable products, including tobacco. However, the ECOWAS directive on tobacco control, in line with the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO 2003), recommends a simple tax structure – using a mixed excise system with a minimum specific tax floor to overcome the limitations of an ad valorem system on tobacco products, especially cigarettes. The study therefore simulates mixed tax policy interventions, and assesses their effect on government revenue and public health relative to the current ad valorem tax system. Primary data collection of tobacco prices in three geographical zones of the country was conducted in February 2020, across both rural and urban localities. This was supported with secondary data from national and international databases. Based on the assumption that Ghana adopts a mixed tax structure, the simulation shows that, if the government imposes a specific excise tax of GH₵4.00 (US$0.80) per pack in addition to the current ad valorem rate of 175 per cent of the CIF value, the average retail price of a cigarette pack would increase by 128 per cent, cigarette consumption decrease by 27 per cent, tobacco excise tax revenue increase by 627 per cent, and overall tobacco-related government tax revenue increase by 201 per cent.1 Additionally, there would be significant declines in smoking prevalence (3.3%), smoking intensity (1,448 cigarettes per year), and 3,526 premature smoking-related deaths would be avoided. The paper advocates for a strong tax administration and technical capacity, with continuous commitment by the government to adjust the tax rate in line with the rate of inflation and per capita income growth.

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Phuong, Vu Tan, Nguyen Van Truong, and Do Trong Hoan. Commune-level institutional arrangements and monitoring framework for integrated tree-based landscape management. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21024.pdf.

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Governance is a difficult task in the context of achieving landscape multifunctionality owing to the multiplicity of stakeholders, institutions, scale and ecosystem services: the ‘many-multiple’ (Cockburn et al 2018). Governing and managing the physical landscape and the actors in the landscape requires intensive knowledge and good planning systems. Land-use planning is a powerful instrument in landscape governance because it directly guides how actors will intervene in the physical landscape (land use) to gain commonly desired value. It is essential for sustaining rural landscapes and improving the livelihoods of rural communities (Bourgoin and Castella 2011, Bourgoin et al 2012, Rydin 1998), ensuring landscape multifunctionality (Nelson et al 2009, Reyers et al 2012) and enhancing efficiency in carbon sequestration, in particular (Bourgoin et al 2013, Cathcart et al 2007). It is also considered critical to the successful implementation of land-based climate mitigation, such as under Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), because the Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) sector is included in the mitigation contributions of nearly 90 percent of countries in Sub-Saharan and Southern Asia countries and in the Latin American and Caribbean regions (FAO 2016). Viet Nam has been implementing its NDC, which includes forestry and land-based mitigation options under the LULUCF sector. The contribution of the sector to committed national emission reduction is significant and cost-effective compared with other sectors. In addition to achieving emission reduction targets, implementation of forestry and land-based mitigation options has the highest benefits for social-economic development and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (MONRE 2020). Challenges, however, lie in the way national priorities and targets are translated into sub-national delivery plans and the way sub-national actors are brought together in orchestration (Hsu et al 2019) in a context where the legal framework for climate-change mitigation is elaborated at national rather than sub-national levels and coordination between government bodies and among stakeholders is generally ineffective (UNDP 2018). In many developing countries, conventional ‘top–down’, centralized land-use planning approaches have been widely practised, with very little success, a result of a lack of flexibility in adapting local peculiarities (Amler et al 1999, Ducourtieux et al 2005, Kauzeni et al 1993). In forest–agriculture mosaic landscapes, the fundamental question is how land-use planning can best conserve forest and agricultural land, both as sources of economic income and environmental services (O’Farrell and Anderson 2010). This paper provides guidance on monitoring integrated tree-based landscape management at commune level, based on the current legal framework related to natural resource management (land and forest) and the requirements of national green-growth development and assessment of land uses in two communes in Dien Bien and Son La provinces. The concept of integrated tree based landscape management in Viet Nam is still new and should be further developed for wider application across levels.

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PROGRESSIVE COLLAPSE RESISTANCE OF STEEL FRAMED BUILDINGS UNDER EXTREME EVENTS. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2021.17.3.10.

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This paper presents experimental and theoretical investigations on progressive collapse behavior of steel framed structures subjected to an extreme load such as fire, blast and impact. A new capacity-based index is proposed to quantify robustness of structures. An energy-based theoretical model is also proposed to quantify the effect of concrete slabs on collapse resistance of structures. The experimental results show that the dynamic amplification factors of frames subject to impact or blast are much less than the conventional value of 2.0. The collapse process of frames in fire can be either static or dynamic depending on the restraint conditions and load levels. It is necessary to account for the failure time and residual strength of blast-exposed columns for assessing the collapse resistance of structures subject to explosion. Two collapse modes of steel frames under blast or impact are found: connection-induced collapse mode and column-induced collapse mode. In case of fire, a frame may collapse due to either column buckling or pulling-in effect of beams. The energy dissipation from elongation of slab reinforcement and additional resultant moment greatly contribute to the collapse resistance of structures.

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