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Journal articles on the topic 'Conventionalized metaphors'
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1
Al-Ramahi, Ra'ed Awad. "Conventionalized Metaphors in Jordanian Colloquial Arabic: Case Study: Metaphors on Body Parts." International Journal of Linguistics 8, no. 5 (2016): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v8i5.10066.
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<p class="1"><span lang="X-NONE">Jordanian colloquial Arabic is rich with conventionalized metaphorical expressions. Indeed, these expressions make a high percentage in the daily speech of Jordanians. Though these expressions are metaphorically structured, their metaphorical sense has been lost for their wide literal use. This study aims at bringing an analysis to metaphors of body parts, which have become routinely used expressions in Jordanian colloquial Arabic. In addition, the study explores the impact of such metaphors on the effectiveness of social communication. The study is based on Lakoff and Johnson's view of metaphor as part of everyday speech. </span><span lang="X-NONE">Lakoff and Johnson reveal that metaphors are part of our everyday speech. In fact, conventionalized metaphors are metaphors that have become part of our conventional</span><span lang="X-NONE">knowledge of Arabic.</span></p>
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Goschler, Juliana. "Metaphors in educational texts: A case study on history and chemistry teaching material." Yearbook of the German Cognitive Linguistics Association 7, no. 1 (2019): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gcla-2019-0006.
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Abstract It is by now a long established fact that academic and educational discourse (as any other kind of discourse) is full of metaphorical language. On the one hand, metaphors are part of educational discourse because of embodied metaphorical conceptualizations and therefore highly conventionalized and unconsciously used linguistic patterns (such as orientational metaphors like MORE IS UP or ontological metaphors like personifications), but on the other hand metaphors can also be used as a conscious teaching strategy in order to structure abstract things in terms of more concrete domains that are closer to direct experiences. In my paper, I will show that certain subjects in school are characterized by educational texts using highly conventionalized metaphors that are most likely not even recognized as such, whereas in others metaphorical language is less frequent and much less evenly distributed among the text. Based on the analysis of educational texts from history and chemistry text books for schools, I will show that these different distribution patterns of metaphorical language in texts point to systematic differences styles of thinking and teaching in the humanities and the sciences.
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Senkbeil, Karsten, and Nicola Hoppe. "‘The sickness stands at your shoulder …’: Embodiment and cognitive metaphor in Hornbacher’sWasted: A Memoir of Anorexia and Bulimia." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 25, no. 1 (2016): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947015608084.
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This paper applies cognitive linguistic approaches, particularly conceptual metaphor theory, to the study of literature, and analyses how Wasted: A Memoir of Anorexia and Bulimia (1998) by Marya Hornbacher communicates embodied experiences such as sickness, hunger, and (self-)loathing with the help of conceptual metaphors. It explores how the author renegotiates and partly recontextualizes highly conventionalized metaphors around eating disorders, mental illness, and identity to create new meaning, and how this strategy helped explain the mindset of a person with anorexia and bulimia to a broad critical readership in the late 1990s. This paper hence hypothesizes that the book’s emphasis on metaphors as a means to articulate bodily experiences surrounding a mental disorder may hint towards larger trends concerning the representation of the body–mind relationship in literature and culture in the last two decades.
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Lemghari, El Mustapha. "A metaphor-based account of semantic relations among proverbs." Cognitive Linguistic Studies 6, no. 1 (2019): 158–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.00034.lem.
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Abstract The paper deals with semantic relations in the field of proverbs from the standpoint of Conceptual Metaphor Theory. Our main claim is that proverb understanding is conceptually complex, involving many construal operations, namely metaphor. Metaphor is assumed to play a crucial role in framing and relating proverbs to one another via various semantic relationships. Three semantic relations will be highlighted: synonymy, antonymy and polysemy. Synonymous proverbs will be shown to be structured by similar metaphors, whereas antonymous proverbs by contradictory metaphors. As regards polysemous proverbs, our focus will be on a specific polysemy, consisting of contradictory meanings. Overall, we will attempt to build a cognitive model for proverbs semantic relationships, based on three main assumptions: first, proverbs have relatively stable meaning. Second, rather than sharply distinct, conventionalized meaning and contextual meaning of proverbs form a continuum, residing in their common conceptual base. Third, such a common conceptual base is metaphor-dependent.
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Sokólska, Urszula. "Słownictwo odnoszące się do żywiołu wody w cyklu poetyckim "Pocałunki" Marii Pawlikowskiej-Jasnorzewskiej." Białostockie Archiwum Językowe, no. 6 (2006): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/baj.2006.06.10.
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The article attempted to analyze vocabulary connected with a semantic circle of water in the collection of poems “Pocałunki” / “Kisses”/ by Maria Pawlikowska-Jasnorzewska. The author paid attention to specific connections between individual words and revealed not only innovative but also conventionalized elements of the artistic text. Besides, lexical elements that indicate values and connote specific emotions and imaginations which by referring to both popular knowledge of the world and certain symbols and cultural experience create peculiar aura in the text and influence the reader to the greatest extent were analyzed. Particular attention was paid to vocabulary realistically connected with the water semantic field, applied by the poet to name aquatic designates; non-conventionalized extended metaphors of periphrases nature; vocabulary realistically referring to the element of water applied by the poet to describe other phenomena.
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Putz, Orsolya. "Metaphor evolution and survival in Hungarian public discourse on the Trianon peace treaty." Metaphor and the Social World 6, no. 2 (2016): 276–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/msw.6.2.05put.
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The peace Treaty of Trianon, which was signed by the representatives of Hungary and the Allies in 1920, caused substantial economic, political and social changes in the life of the Hungarian nation. The paper explores how far these changes have been conceptualized by conceptual metaphors in Hungarian public discourse from 1920 to the present day. Specifically, it looks at whether there is a conventionalized metaphoric conceptual system concerning the treaty, which began (or was current) in 1920 and has been developing for almost a hundred years. The paper applies a qualitative approach to a small corpus of written texts. The corpus contains twenty texts, which are taken from four different categories of public discourse (political, academic, informative and media) and four time periods (1920–1945, 1945–1990, 1990–2010, and 2010–2015). The paper concludes that, within the public discourse on the consequences of the Trianon peace treaty, the same metaphors have fundamentally survived over nine decades. This conceptual history of metaphors suggests heavy conventionalization, which can play a crucial role in the survival of a certain mental image of the nation and in maintaining negative emotions about the treaty. It also suggests that the Trianon frame is still an essential part of Hungarian national identity.
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Sharma, Sunil. "Metaphor and emotion." Cognitive Linguistic Studies 5, no. 2 (2018): 303–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.00023.sha.
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Abstract The objective of current research article is to examine the metaphorical concepts of emotion anger in conventionalized phraseological expressions or phraseologisms (pls) of Hindi.1 It aims to find out the extent to which conceptual metaphor motivate Hindi pls and influence their semantic configuration. In addition, it also compares the metaphorical concepts of Hindi mainly with that of English and Chinese while employing the research studies conducted by Kövecses (1990), Lakoff and Kövecses (1987) and Yu (2012), who have postulated that physical interaction with surrounding world as well as cultural artefacts and practices largely mediate the conceptualization of emotions in a given linguistic community. Being the language of a collectivist cultural community in India, Hindi chooses more language-specific anger metaphors and conceptualizes anger more cultural specifically than English and other languages do.
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Yu, Ning. "Body and emotion." Pragmatics and Cognition 10, no. 1-2 (2002): 341–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.10.1-2.14yu.
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This study presents a semantic analysis of how emotions and emotional experiences are described in Chinese. It focuses on conventionalized expressions in Chinese, namely compounds and idioms, which contain body-part terms. The body-part terms are divided into two classes: those denoting external body parts and those denoting internal body parts or organs. It is found that, with a few exceptions, the expressions involving external body parts are originally metonymic, describing emotions in terms of their externally observable bodily events and processes. However, once conventionalized, these expressions are also used metaphorically regardless of emotional symptoms or gestures. The expressions involving internal organs evoke imaginary bodily images that are primarily metaphorical. It is found that the metaphors, though imaginary in nature, are not really all arbitrary. They seem to have a bodily or psychological basis, although they are inevitably influenced by cultural models.
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Wilcox, Miranda. "Creating the cloud-tent-ship conceit in Exodus." Anglo-Saxon England 40 (December 2011): 103–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026367511100007x.
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AbstractThe enigmatic description of the columna nubis in lines 71b–92 of the Old English Exodus juxtaposes images of substances that shield God's people from their hostile environment; understanding the relations among these protective coverings requires cultural and literary knowledge not explicitly articulated in Exodus. Metaphors and typologies developed in Arator's sixth-century Historia apostolica and subsequently conventionalized in Bede's eighth-century Expositio actuum Apostolorum, texts used in the Anglo-Saxon monastic curriculum, provide an interpretative framework for the complicated accretion of images in Exodus. Using insights about metaphorical processing from cognitive science, this article argues that the Exodus-poet crafted a sophisticated tripartite conceit to generate a pastoral relationship with his audience, first by adapting metaphoric mappings from Arator and Bede and then by extending their domains with culturally specific entailments about how ships and tents functioned as protective covers in Anglo-Saxon material culture.
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Lechner, Ilona. "CONSTRUCTIVE ANALYSIS OF GERMAN AND HUNGARIAN IDIOMS." Philological Review, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31499/2415-8828.1.2021.232664.
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The subject of the study is the examination of figurative meaning in Hungarian and German. In the present study, I present the interpretation of figurative meaning within the theoretical framework of cognitive linguistics by analysing idiomatic expressions in Hungarian and German on the example of the concept of ‘time’. In this contrastive research, I primarily look for the answer to how ordinary people use cognitive tools to grasp intangible abstract concepts such as ‘time’ and what connections can be observed between literal and figurative meaning.
 The examined Hungarian and German idioms are the linguistic manifestations of the conceptual metaphor time is money (valuable resource). The study aims to support the assumption that in any language an abstract meaning can only be expressed with a figurative meaning.
 Time is an abstract concept that is present in the everyday language use of all people. The expressions time passes, the time is here, my time has come, it takes a lot of time – to mention just a few, have become so conventionalized in our language that we take their meaning literally. Nonetheless, they are based on conventional conceptual metaphors that we use to make the concept of time more tangible to ourselves. The linguistic manifestations of these conceptual metaphors are created and understood without any mental strain.
 In the first stage of the research, I searched for possible German equivalents of Hungarian expressions, and then I used Internet search engines and idiom and monolingual dictionaries to select the most frequently used equivalent in German. As a next step, I examined 1) the word form, 2) the literal meaning, 3) the figurative meaning, and 4) the conceptual metaphor of idioms in both languages, which were either been identical or different. Because they are different languages, the word forms are inherently different. At the end of the study, I compared the formed patterns from which I drew conclusions, which support that figurative meaning is figurative in another language as well.
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Virág, Ágnes. "Multimodal conceptual patterns of Hungary in political cartoons." Cognitive Linguistic Studies 7, no. 1 (2020): 222–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.00055.vir.
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Abstract Conventionalized positive images of Hungary have been overemphasized in political caricatures ever since the nineteenth century (Tamás 2012, 2014). The present article explores the multimodal representations of hungary in cartoons in the period between 1989 and 1990, during which negative images of Hungary became prominent due to the weak financial situation of the country and the political system change. The corpus involves seventy-five cartoons from the satirical magazine Ludas Matyi. Two major claims are justified by adopting Paula Pérez-Sobrino’s (2017) multimodal identification procedure: (1) the interpretation of verbal elements (e.g., labels, verbal texts, and verbal symbols) in political cartoons influences the identification of multimodal conceptual patterns; (2) the dominant patterns that structure the representation of hungary in political cartoons are metonymy-based visual and multimodal metaphors, and both of them occur in metaphorical scenarios. The corpus analysis indicates that the two main target frames, financial crisis and political changes, appear through the sources of human body and object in metaphorical scenarios, such as ordinary scenes, motion, hospital, sport, tale, love, feast, stunt, begging, and church scenes. Apart from identifying the representations of Hungary, visual metonymies as well as textual cues need to be revealed in order to understand what metaphtonymy scenarios are intended in the cartoons.
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Taylor, Charlotte. "Metaphors of migration over time." Discourse & Society 32, no. 4 (2021): 463–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957926521992156.
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This paper aims to cast light on contemporary migration rhetoric by integrating historical discourse analysis. I focus on continuity and change in conventionalised metaphorical framings of emigration and immigration in the UK-based Times newspaper from 1800 to 2018. The findings show that some metaphors persist throughout the 200-year time period (liquid, object), some are more recent in conventionalised form (animals, invader, weight) while others dropped out of conventionalised use before returning (commodity, guest). Furthermore, we see that the spread of metaphor use goes beyond correlation with migrant naming choices with both emigrants and immigrants occupying similar metaphorical frames historically. However, the analysis also shows that continuity in metaphor use cannot be assumed to correspond to stasis in framing and evaluation as the liquid metaphor is shown to have been more favourable in the past. A dominant frame throughout the period is migrants as an economic resource and the evaluation is determined by the speaker’s perception of control of this resource.
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Umar, Aliyu Muhammad. "The structure of idioms in Nigerian English." English Today 35, no. 3 (2018): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078418000238.
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The term ‘structure in linguistics’ is mostly used to refer to a sequence of units that are in a certain linguistic relationship to one another. Thus no matter how minimal a sequence is, if it can be analysed in terms of a relationship within it, then that is a structural unit. For example, one of the structures of a noun phrase may be ‘article + adjective + noun’ as in the vicious circle (Richards & Schmidts, 2002). Structures entail relationships which may be syntagmatic or paradigmatic. According to Finnegan (2014) when we say language structure we are essentially talking about syntax, semantics and phonology of a language. When it comes to idioms the same principles apply. The structures of idioms are essentially their syntactic behaviour. This behaviour cannot be predicted solely on the basis of their form or figurative meaning alone, but it must be due to some relation between the form and meaning (Gibbs & Nayak, 1989). An idiom is an institutionalised and conventionalized sequence of at least two words or free morphemes that is semantically restricted so that it functions as a single lexical unit, whose meaning cannot or can only to a certain extent be deduced from the meanings of its constituents. (Skandera, 2003: 60). To Nurnberg, Sag and Wasow (1994), idioms are characterised as having conventional meaning, figuration, inflexibility of form, and proverbiality. Idioms have been called ‘multiword units’ (Grant & Bauer, 2004), metaphors (Gibbs, 1993; Toris, 2011), phrasemes (Howarth, 1998), fixed expressions (Moon, 1997; Carter, 1998) and formulaic expressions (Wray, 2002). Structurally, idioms do not form a unique class of linguistic items such that all idioms belong to it, but that they share many of the same properties normally associated with more literal expressions.
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Asplund, Therese. "Metaphors in climate discourse: an analysis of Swedish farm magazines." Journal of Science Communication 10, no. 04 (2011): A01. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/2.10040201.
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This article examines communicative aspects of climate change, identifying and analysing metaphors used in specialized media reports on climate change, and discussing the aspects of climate change these metaphors emphasize and neglect. Through a critical discourse analysis of the two largest Swedish farm magazines over the 2000–2009 period, this study finds that greenhouse, war, and game metaphors were the most frequently used metaphors in the material. The analysis indicates that greenhouse metaphors are used to ascribe certain natural science characteristics to climate change, game metaphors to address positive impacts of climate change, and war metaphors to highlight negative impacts of climate change. The paper concludes by discussing the contrasting and complementary metaphorical representations farm magazines use to conventionalize climate change.
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Walatek, Ewa. "Fler Huvuden Väntas Falla." Folia Scandinavica Posnaniensia 15, no. 1 (2013): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fsp-2013-0004.
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ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to give a detailed analysis of the semantics of the Swedish body part term huvud (head). The study covers all types of linguistic units including the component huvud (idioms, compounds), both conventionalized everyday expressions and occasional uses. The theoretical basis of the analysis is the cognitive theory of metaphor and metonymy formulated by Lakoff and Johnson (1980). A large part of semantic extensions of huvud are associated with the head as the upper part of the human body, containing the brain and sense organs. These features lead to metonymies: HEAD FOR THINKING ABILITY AND PERCEPTION and metaphor HEAD IS POSITION OF COMMAND. The head itself is conceptualized metaphorically as a CONTAINER in which thoughts, memories, emotional and physical states are stored.
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Holmquist, Kelly. "Shifting meanings, forgotten meanings: metaphor as a force for language change." DELTA: Documentação de Estudos em Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada 22, spe (2006): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-44502006000300008.
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All living languages are in a constant state of evolution. Metaphorical usage is an important driving factor in that process of evolution; the blending of concepts within metaphor leads to the diversification of the reference of words used metaphorically. It can occur that a metaphorical usage becomes conventionalized. This, in turn, leads to shifts in the meanings of those words. Metaphorical usage can occur in a variety of forms, including metonymy, synecdoche, and euphemism. The effects of metaphorical usage-and the closely related figure, simile-can even be seen in the evolution of the grammatical structures of many languages. I present various examples which demonstrate the role of metaphorical usage in the evolution of word-meanings and grammatical structures from PIE to modern Indo-European languages.
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Agyekum, Kofi. "Akan metaphoric expressions based on yam ‘stomach’." Cognitive Linguistic Studies 2, no. 1 (2015): 94–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.2.1.05agy.
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This paper discusses the Akan body part yam ‘stomach’ and its metaphorical extensions. It will consider how most of the extensions have been conventionalised to the extent that there are no alternative means of expressing the concept, and look at the strong relationship between the stomach, the heart, the chest, the brain, and the womb in the expressions of emotion whether positive or negative. The paper argues that the word yam can be considered polysemic with various related senses, but that it is also used metonymically in referring to the SELF or one’s personality. The paper at the same time investigates how some of the ‘stomach’ expressions include the UP/DOWN and the HOT/COOL dimensions.
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Szlachcikowska, Żaneta. "Hiperbola i litota i ich funkcje w nagłówkach dziennika regionalnego „Gazeta Pomorska”." Słowo. Studia językoznawcze 11 (2020): 184–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/slowo.2020.11.11.
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The paper focues on the analysis of article headlines published in the local newspaper “Gazeta Pomorska”, in particular with regard to figures of speech like hyperbole and its opposite. Conventionalised metaphors (related to war, fight, nightmare, disaster, fear, illness) allow for creation of hyperbolic headlines. Military metaphors constitute the most numerous group where reality is presented as a battlefield (for example description of a purchase, African swine fever, election campaign, protest, road accidents, sport). Whereas, litotes is not only depicted by figures of speech such as personification, comparison, but also irony, colloquialisms and intersexuality. Although the material was extracted from a regional journal the analysis indicated that there are 43 percent more examples of general Polish headlines in the pages of “Gazeta Pomorska” with the use of hyperbole and litotes than those of regional origin. The analysis suggests that headlines of regional articles are frequently purely informative in nature without rhetorical aspects.
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Harbus, Antonina. "The maritime imagination and the paradoxical mind in Old English poetry." Anglo-Saxon England 39 (December 2010): 21–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263675110000049.
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AbstractThe specifically maritime imagination of Anglo-Saxon poets resolves the potentially incongruous metaphorical models of the mind in this culture as both an enclosure and a wandering entity. The dual containing and travelling aspects of the ship provide a suitable model for the embodied yet metaphysical mind, and act in conjunction with the widespread metaphor of life as a sea voyage to produce a coherent means of imagining how the mind operates in relation to the body. The Wanderer and The Seafarer illustrate how acutely this conventionalized way of representing physical and mental experience relies on the sea voyage as both the setting for and metaphorical representation of a human consciousness that is both enclosed in the body and also able to transcend the physical.
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Leschke, Rainer, and Norm Friesen. "Education, Media and the End of the Book: Some Remarks from Media Theory." MedienPädagogik: Zeitschrift für Theorie und Praxis der Medienbildung 24, Educational Media Ecologies (2014): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21240/mpaed/24/2014.10.03.x.
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This paper sketches out an understanding of contemporary educational forms and practices from a vantage point afforded by recent German media studies. In so doing, it introduces a number of concepts from continental media theory. With the book – both as an artifact and an epistemic metaphor – in evident decline, what is taking its place is not any one new medium, but rather a radically new kind of media systematicity. By relentlessly reducing all content (e. g., music, film, text) to ones and zeros, digitization effectively erases the material characteristics of separate media forms, leaving behind only their conventionalized aesthetic qualities and forms. The paper builds on these arguments by concluding that the symbolic competencies which once constituted the core of all education (reading, writing, ‘rithmatic) are increasingly at odds with performative and stylistic abilities integral to this new mediatic order.
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Kuppers, Petra. "Moving in the Cityscape: Performance and the Embodied Experience of the Flâneur." New Theatre Quarterly 15, no. 4 (1999): 308–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00013245.
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Walter Benjamin's concept of the flâneur has been widely used to conventionalize ‘the disinterested voyeur, the lonely figure haunting the streets of cities, the person who watches the spectacle of modern life’. Petra Kuppers argues that the flâneur is as central to the ‘nineties cityscape as to that of Baudelaire's Paris, of which Benjamin was writing, or to his own inter-war Berlin. She responds to feminist and other objections and, while recognizing the validity of later writings on the nature of the body such as Foucault's, argues that the flâneur remains valuable in counterbalancing ‘aspects of contemporary theory that use the human body as metaphor’ with the physicality of ‘a lived set of material practices and inscribed discourses’. To illustrate and develop her argument she uses moments from Kathryn Bigelow's film Strange Days (1996), performances by the Austrian group Bilderwerfer and by Francesca Vilalta-Ollé, and the camera-dance made for TV, Pace (1996). Petra Kuppers is Research Fellow in Performing Arts at Manchester Metropolitan University.
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Shabani Minnabad, Malahat. "The role and application of metaphor in creatioThe Role and Application of Metaphor in Preventing Breast Cancer Phobian the phobia of breast cancer." Archives of Breast Cancer, May 31, 2020, 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32768/abc.20207283-87.
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Background: Specialists, researchers, patients, and even their families use metaphors to describe diseases. Metaphors are known to be central tools in both communication and thinking. Crucially, even though many metaphors become conventionalized, metaphor choices are seldom neutral.
 Methods: This study investigated metaphors associated with breast cancer using data from SID, magiran, and noormags databases.
 Results: The results showed that a number of medical concepts of cancer are expressed using conceptual metaphors, and that Persian speakers use different metaphors to express medical concepts related to breast cancer, such as "breast cancer is bad", "breast cancer results in an inactive life", and so on. These metaphors can have both positive and negative effects on common perceptions of breast cancer. The use of metaphors to address diseases, especially breast cancer, can cause feelings of fear and phobia among patients directly or indirectly, leading to a lack of timely referral for early treatment, fear of stigma or loneliness and death.
 Conclusion: The findings of this research can inform experts, researchers and doctors that the use of words can be both curative and destructive. Thus, they should consider this issue in their careers and statements.
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"Body and emotion: Body parts in Chinese expression of emotion." Pragmatics and Cognition 10, no. 1-2 (2002): 341–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.10.12.14yu.
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This study presents a semantic analysis of how emotions and emotional experiences are described in Chinese. It focuses on conventionalized expressions in Chinese, namely compounds and idioms, which contain body-part terms. The body-part terms are divided into two classes: those denoting external body parts and those denoting internal body parts or organs. It is found that, with a few exceptions, the expressions involving external body parts are originally metonymic, describing emotions in terms of their externally observable bodily events and processes. However, once conventionalized, these expressions are also used metaphorically regardless of emotional symptoms or gestures. The expressions involving internal organs evoke imaginary bodily images that are primarily metaphorical. It is found that the metaphors, though imaginary in nature, are not really all arbitrary. They seem to have a bodily or psychological basis, although they are inevitably influenced by cultural models.
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Rybka, Małgorzata, and Jolanta Sławek. "„Zgromadziła nas miłość”. Językowy obraz miłości w homiliach ślubnych." Poznańskie Spotkania Językoznawcze, no. 29 (December 30, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/psj.2015.29.7.
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The aim of this paper is to present the linguistic image of love derived from the wedding sermons published in the Internet. The idea of love is rarely defined in the analyzed texts and it is rarely presented in different aspects. Love is presented in the positive way by repeating the same, mostly conventionalized metaphors. What is more, the idea of love in the analyzed texts is stereotyped and schematic, because the authors of sermons refer to the common texts such as St. Paul Hymn to Love or different examples from everyday life. On the on hand, language of the sermons resembles the science and theological language that is not understandable for recipients, and on the other hand it is colloquial with the huge amount of expressive words.
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Ponsonnet, Maïa. "Conceptual representations and figurative language in language shift." Cognitive Linguistics 28, no. 4 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2016-0020.
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AbstractThis article explores the correlations between linguistic figurative features and their corresponding conceptual representations, by considering their respective continuities and discontinuities in language shift. I compare the figurative encoding of emotions in Kriol, a creole of northern Australia, with those of Dalabon, one of the languages replaced by this creole, with a particular focus on evidence from metaphorical gestures. The conclusions are three-fold. Firstly, the prominent figurative association between the body and the emotions observed in Dalabon is, overall, not matched in Kriol. Secondly, although this association is not prominent in Kriol, it is not entirely absent. It surfaces where speakers are less constrained by linguistic conventions: in non-conventionalized tropes, and gestures in particular. Indeed, some of the verbal emotion metaphors that have disappeared with language shift are preserved as gestural metaphors. Thus, Kriol speakers endorse the conceptual association between emotions and the body, in spite of the lower linguistic incidence of this association. The third conclusion is that therefore, in language shift, conceptual figurative representations and linguistic figurative representations are independent of each other. The former can persist when the latter largely disappear. Conversely, the fact that speakers endorse a certain type of conceptual representation does not entail that they will use corresponding linguistic forms in the new language. The transfer of linguistic figurative representations seems to depend, instead, upon purely linguistic parameters.
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Morsanyi, Kinga, and Dušan Stamenković. "Idiom and proverb processing in autism: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Journal of Cultural Cognitive Science, May 29, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41809-021-00079-4.
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AbstractFigurative language processing impairments in autism have been widely demonstrated, and have been considered a defining feature of autism. Studies in this area often consider different types of figurative language together, and less attention has been paid to identifying the factors that might contribute to difficulties in processing specific types of figurative language. Here we present a preregistered systematic review and meta-analysis of studies assessing the comprehension of idioms and proverbs in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as compared to typically developing (TD) individuals. Idioms are widely used multi-word figurative expressions, which are understood by using contextual information. Proverbs are a related type of fixed, figurative, formulaic expression in a sentential form, typically linked with wisdom. Idioms and proverbs represent forms of figurative language which are more conventionalized and frequently opaquer than metaphors, pointing to a unique way that they are processed in conversational contexts. Our analysis encompassed a total of 11 studies from 10 papers (involving 235 autistic and 224 TD individuals), which met our inclusion criteria (the ASD and TD groups were matched on both chronological age and intelligence). The analysis of accuracy data revealed a group difference favouring the TD over the ASD group, with a medium effect size, and no indication of a publication bias. Participants’ age was unrelated to the magnitude of group differences, but there was a trend for smaller group differences in the case of participants with higher (verbal) intelligence. We discuss these findings with reference to theories related to the nature of figurative language impairments in autism.
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Hurst-Harosh, Ellen, and Fridah Erastus Kanana. "Metaphors and their link to generational peer groups and popular culture in African youth languages." Linguistics Vanguard 6, s4 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lingvan-2019-0053.
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Abstract This article focuses on Sheng and Tsotsitaal metaphors in order to highlight the centrality of generational peer groups and popular culture in the formation of linguistic and social meaning within these language practices. Drawing on data from a comparative database, the analysis considers aspects such as generational narratives, the transition of a metaphor from a generational peer group context into a conventionalised metaphor, as well as multiple salience and ambiguity. We illustrate the use of metaphor in youth language and its relationship to popular culture, to make the case that youth language involves the innovation of new terms from popular culture. Metaphors are mini-narratives that index the particular culturally- and contextually-shared experiences of a generation of young people, and for this reason tend to be specific to a peer group. We therefore maintain that the term ‘youth language’ is useful because youth continue to drive the relexicalization process, which is the core of phenomena such as Sheng and Tsotsitaal.
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Onysko, Alexander. "Figurative processes in meaning interpretation: A case study of novel English compounds." Yearbook of the German Cognitive Linguistics Association 2, no. 1 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gcla-2014-0006.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis article contributes to cognitive semantic research on the construal of figurative meaning in noun-noun compounds. Previous studies in this field have shown a predilection towards using conceptual blending theory in order to describe the process of meaning formation in nominal compounds. Observations have largely been based on analyses of established compounds and their conventionalized meanings. The current paper explores an alternative approach and methodology. A study was conducted in which participants were asked to interpret the meaning of a set of novel noun-noun compounds. These meaning descriptions are taken as an empirical base to investigate figurative interpretations. Since previous applications of conceptual blending theory have highlighted some limitations of describing meaning construal in compounds, and since the relation between conceptual blending and related processes of conceptual metaphor and metonymy has not been clarified yet, the analysis in the current study takes a step back and relies on conceptual metaphor and metonymy. Besides providing an overview of the amount of figurative meaning interpretations given to the different test items, the paper pays particular attention to the methodological challenges of applying conceptual metaphor and metonymy theory in the attempt to capture the figurative nature of the meaning descriptions. A close analysis of selected meaning interpretations provides a first impression on how applying conceptual metaphor and metonymy can pave the way towards a more differentiated understanding of associative complexity in figurative meaning interpretations.