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1
Zamberlan, Daniel. "Roadmapping for Corporate Strategy: Action Research in Convergence of Technologies." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423940.
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This PhD thesis deals with the strategic implications of the penetration of consumer wireless technologies in vehicles, which represents a trend of growing importance. The convergence of such markets, namely the consumer industry and the automotive connectivity and infotainment areas, generates opportunities and threats, and research possibilities. An Action Research project was carried out at a leading Tier 1 automotive firm, aiming to implement a customized Technology Roadmapping (TRM) process, able to recognize and deal with a fast changing context, and to manage implications within the organization, at various levels and very dynamically. A new “on demand” overarching TRM framework was obtained and added to the existing practices, enabling better support to strategic decision making and multi-project planning.<br>Questa tesi di dottorato verte sulle implicazioni strategiche della penetrazione delle tecnologie wireless e consumer in auto, un trend di crescente importanza. La convergenza di tali mercati, vale a dire del settore consumer e della connettività ed infotainment in automotive, genera opportunità e minacce, oltre che possibilità di ricerca. Un progetto di Action Research è stato effettuato presso uno dei principali Tier 1 del settore automobilistico e delle telecomunicazioni, al fine di implementare un processo personalizzato di Technology Roadmapping (TRM), in grado di riconoscere e operare in un contesto in rapida evoluzione e di gestire le implicazioni nell’organizzazione, a vari livelli e in modo dinamico. Un nuovo processo di TRM "on demand" e generale è stato ottenuto e aggiunto alle pratiche esistenti, consentendo un migliore supporto al processo decisionale strategico e alla pianificazione multi-progetto.
2
Clementino, Isabel Maria Lopes Ribeiro Ramos. "The consultancy field in Europe: A comparative approach." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9511.
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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics<br>This paper analyses the European consultancy industry and its evolution during the last decade.
The current situation of the European consulting industry is compared with its long-term
development since the 1980s, as well as with some perspective on its future evolution.
Former literature on the field suggested that consulting in Europe would become less diverse in
the early twentieth century (“convergence hypothesis”) and dominated by global American firms
(“Americanization hypothesis”). The main conclusions point in a different direction. The European
consulting market still has much national diversity and there is not a clear convergence trend in
the industry. On the contrary, there is evidence suggesting an increasing diversity between
countries over the last decade. Finally, the “Americanization hypothesis” is not confirmed. The
European firms increased their number among the largest consultancies operating in Europe.
3
Aroma, Sylvain, and Long Vu. "Combine competitive- and service supply chain strategy to evaluate intra-industry convergence : A case study within the European airline industry." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-44124.
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In what ways do companies within an industry converge? We address this by combining theory on competitive strategy and supply chain strategy to understand how companies can be differentiated in these dimensions. As competitive strategies are affected by internal and external factors, these affect strategy design and resource management of a company in order to remain competitive. Convergence occurs when an industry matures, and several regulatory or non-regulatory norms arise that firms move toward and, in the process, become more similar. Through developing a framework that addresses intra-industry convergence and taking the case of the European airline industry, we aim to demonstrate the application of using competitive strategy and supply chain strategy analyses to analyze and evaluate intra-industry convergence through a standardized model.
4
Hacklin, Fredrik August. "A 3G Convergence Strategy for Mobile Business Middleware Solutions : Applications and Implications." Thesis, KTH, Mikroelektronik och Informationsteknik, IMIT, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-93278.
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Mobile business solutions are one of the most attractive market segments of mobile information services. The third generation of mobile communication systems (3G) will be a significant step forward in the convergence of telecommunications and datacommunications industries. More specifically, the convergence of mobile technologies and the Internet allows compelling possibilities for future applications and solutions. However, most current mobile businesses and mobile application and solution providers are rather contributing to the process of convergence; many current ideas and solutions are based on the restrictions of existing mobile networks combined with Internet-based services. In the future, when mobile networks and the Internet have merged, it will no longer be possible to create revenue with these types of solutions. One concrete solution is the mobile middleware concept, bridging the mobile technologies and Internet world. This Master’s thesis studies the middleware concept for providing business applications in the light of 3G, making strategic recommendations to a provider of these kinds of services. A comprehensive discussion about the developments after 3G is introduced. Alternative solutions are presented and some strategic implications are introduced. The implications are motivated by an industry survey, carried out within this project. The topic of over-the-air data synchronization is discussed as an example for interim middleware. Mobile computing file system issues are seen as an interesting opportunity for business applications. The possibility of remote desktop screen access is studied, and measurements proving its feasability for hosted wireless application service provision are made. Emerging mobile Java technologies are discussed as an efficient platform for providing ubiquitous, device independent end-to-end solutions. As one of the recommended strategies, this thesis introduces the concept of hybrid thickness client applications as a feasible solution for migrating from current middleware solutions to an (uncertain) future of native, thick terminal applications, within a scope of two years. Based on this concept, a prototype for a 3G smartphone application was developed as an example. A set of possible strategic scenarios is presented and discussed. This thesis also discusses operator differentiation and business solutions in an all-IP based world. 3G networks and handset devices will introduce a large number of new applications and business opportunities, but such a change will also introduce new challenges and risks. The migration challenge is being illustrated in the case of Smartner, a mobile middleware solution provider focusing on business applications. As shown by this case, compared to current enabling solutions, a major shift in technologies is seen as needed, in order to maintain long-term success.<br>Mobila affärssystem bildar ett av de mest attraktiva marknadssegment inom mobila informationstjänster. Den tredje generationens mobila kommunikationssytem (3G) kommer att bli ett viktigt steg fram mot konvergensen mellan telekommunikationsoch datakommunikationsindustrin. Särskilt konvergensen som äger rum mellan mobila teknologier och Internet erbjuder utmanande möjligheter för framtida applikationer och lösningar. De flesta nuvarande företag och tjänster inom mobilbranschen kan dock snarast betraktas som ett bidrag till denna konvergens. Många av de nuvarande idéerna och lösningarna är nämligen baserade på avgränsningar och problem som uppstår vid kombination av mobila system med Internet-baserade tjänster. I framtiden, när mobila nät har vuxit ihop med Internet till en symbios, kommer det inte längre att vara möjligt att förtjäna på detta slag av lösningar. En konkret lösning är det mobila middleware-konceptet, som bildar en logisk koppling mellan mobila teknologier och Internet-världen. Detta examensarbete studerar middleware-konceptet från en 3G-orienterad synvinkel och framför strategiska råd för företag som erbjuder detta slag av tjänster. En detaljerad diskussion om utvecklingen efter 3G presenteras. Arbetet lägger fram alternativa lösningar och strategiska implikationer deriveras. Implikationerna är motiverade bl.a. av en intervjuunders ökning som utfördes i samband med detta arbete. Temat trådlös datasynkronisering diskuteras som ett exempel för provisorisk middleware. Mobila filsystem införs som en intressant möjlighet för affärsapplikationer. Diverse möjligheter för fjärrkontroll av en arbetsplatsstation studeras och mätningar bevisar deras genomförbarhet för trådlösa applikationstjänster. Framträdande mobila Java-teknologier analyseras och presenteras som ett efficient underlag för plattformoberoende end-to-end-lösningaröver lag. En av de rekommenderade strategierna är baserad på det hybrida klientkonceptet, vilket presenteras som en realistisk lösning förövergången från nuvarande middleware-system till en (osäker) framtid av nativa, tjocka terminalapplikationer. Den strategiska horisonten för detta är två år. Utgående från detta koncept utvecklades en prototyp som exempel för en sådan applikation. Arbetet definerar och diskuterar dessutom diverse strategiska scenarier. Slutligen nämns problematiken om operatörernas framtida differentieringsmöjligheter och rollen av affärssystem i en fullständigt IP-baserad värld. 3G nät och terminaler kommer att skapa ett stort antal nya användningar och affärsmöjligheter, men ändringen kommer också att medföra nya utmaningar och risker. Detta illustreras med hjälp av företaget Smartner som exempel för en leverant ör av mobila middleware-lösningar för affärsanvändningar. Som demonstrerat i detta fall, anses i jämförelse med nuvarande applikationslösningar en signifikant teknologisk reorientering vara nödvändig, för att bevara ett långvarigt perspektiv.<br>Langattomat yrityssovellukset ovat nykyään yksi kiinnostavimmista mobiilimarkkinoiden segmenteistä. Kolmannen sukupolven (3G) mobiilit viestintäjärjestelmät tulevat olemaan merkittävä askel kohti telekommunikaatioja dataliikennealojen yhdistymist ä (ns. konvergenssia). Itse asiassa mobiiliteknologian ja Internetin lähentyminen mahdollistaa entistä hyödyllisempien mobiilisovellusten ja -ratkaisuiden rakentamisen tulevaisuudessa. Tällä hetkellä useat mobiiliyritykset ja mobiilisovellusten tuottajat ovat kuitenkin osana tätä yhdistymisprosessia. Monet nykyiset ideat ja ratkaisut ottavat nimittäin lähtökohdakseen rajoitukset, joita nykyiset tietoliikenneverkot asettavat yhdistyessään Internet-pohjaisiin palveluihin. Tulevaisuudessa, kun mobiiliverkot ja Internet ovat yhdistyneet, ei ole enää mahdollista ansaita rahaa tällaisten perinteisten ratkaisuiden avulla. Yksi konkreettinen ratkaisumalli perustuu mobile middleware -käsitteeseen, joka liittää yhteen mobiiliteknologian ja Internetin. Tässä diplomityössä tutkitaan middleware- käsitettä yrityssovellusten tarjoamisessa erityisesti 3G-verkoissa, ja työssä esitellään strategisia suosituksia näiden sovelluspalveluiden tarjoajille. Työssä käyd ään perusteellisesti läpi kolmannen sukupolven jälkeistä kehitystä. Vaihtoehtoisia ratkaisuja esitellään, ja joitakin strategisia vaikutuksia tuodaan myös esille. Vaikutuksia perustellaan tuloksilla, joita tämän projektin osana tehty kysely paljasti. Tiedon langatonta synkronisointia tarkastellaan esimerkkinä tilapäisestä middlewaresta. Mobiileihin tiedostojärjestelmiin liittyvät asiat nähdään mielenkiintoisena mahdollisuutena yrityssovelluksille. Toimistojärjestelmien etäkäyttömahdollisuuksia on tutkittu ja niiden sopivuutta langattomaan sovellustarjontaan on mitattu. Kehittyviä mobiileja Java-teknologioita pidetään tehokkaana alustana, jonka avulla voidaan tarjota kaikkialla saatavilla olevia, päätelaiteriippumattomia ratkaisuja loppuasiakkaille. Yhtenä suositelluista strategioista tämä diplomityö esittelee yksinkertaisen päätelaitesovellusmallin, jonka avulla nykyisistä middleware-ratkaisuista voidaan siirtyä tulevaisuuden kehittyneempiin päätelaiteratkaisuihin kahden vuoden sisällä. Tähän konseptiin perustuen työssä on kehitetty esimerkki 3G-älypuhelimen sovelluksesta. Lisäksi esitellään ja arvioidaan mahdollisia strategisia skenaariovaihtoehtoja. Tämä diplomityö käsittelee myös operaattoreiden differointimahdollisuuksia ja yrityssovelluksia täysin IP-pohjaisissa verkoissa. 3G-verkot ja -päätelaitteet tuovat mukanaan laajan valikoiman uusia sovelluksia ja liiketoimintamahdollisuuksia, mutta tämä muutos merkitsee myös uusia haasteita ja riskejä. Tätä haastetta kuvataan tutkimuksen esimerkkiyrityksen Smartnerin tapauksessa, joka on yrityssovelluksiin fokusoitunut mobiilien middleware-ratkaisuiden tarjoaja. Tutkimus tuo esille, miten Smartnerin nykyiset sovellukset huomioon ottaen tarvitaan valtava teknologinen suunnanmuutos pitkäaikaisen perspektiivin säilyttämiseksi.
5
Pereira, Joseph Errol (Eddie). "Bio-inspired SME business strategy enriched by convergence of epistemology, neurobiology and cognitive psychology." Thesis, Curtin University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/297.
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The thesis addresses the development of an innovative bio-inspired solution for SME (Small Medium Enterprises) to overcome the problems preventing SME success in the global economy. The proposed solution is inspired by the DNA-studies in Human Biology and break-through Stem-cell research, regenerative medicine, tissue engineering; and presented with the strategy making epistemologies and its scientific foundation based on the “functional elements” that generate the bio-chemical strategies for human life and its analogy to SME development.
6
Jolin, Alexandre. "Convergence numérique et convergence des stratégies de groupe des éditeurs de chaînes de télévision traditionnels en Europe : vers une redéfinition des modèles d'affaires des éditeurs de services de médias audiovisuels historiques." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA026/document.
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Nous étudions les stratégies de groupe des éditeurs de chaînes de télévision gratuites et payantes historiques, contraintes par les évolutions rapides et structurelles induites par la convergence numérique. Nous structurons notre démonstration en quatre grandes parties suivant une approche stratégique de tradition descriptive, principalement inspirée par l'école de l'environnement. Au cours des trois premières parties, nous exposerons et débâterons des mutations d’un environnement général que nous aborderons à travers trois dimensions : une dimension technologique, une dimension sociale et une dimension économique et réglementaire qui sera également l’occasion d’étudier les effets de l’environnement général sur les sphères industrielles et concurrentielles. Au cours d’une quatrième partie plus opérationnelle, nous décrivons les stratégies de diversification menées par plusieurs éditeurs de chaînes, en nous concentrant sur les activités relatives à l’édition de services de vidéo. Ce faisant, nous pensons pouvoir démontrer que les stratégies de groupe et les modèles d’affaires des éditeurs de chaînes commerciales et des éditeurs de chaînes payantes européens tendent à converger vers un modèle unique<br>We study corporate strategies led by both free-to-air and paid channels publishers following rapid and structural changes brought by the digital convergence. We structure our work into four main sections following a strategic approach of descriptive tradition, mainly inspired by the environment school. In the first three parts, we will discuss the mutations of the external environment through three dimensions: a technological dimension, a social dimension and an economical & regulatory dimension which will also be the opportunity to study the questions of value chain restructuration and competition. In a last part, we aim to describe the diversifications pursued by a sample of five European TV channel publishers, focusing on activities related to on demand video services. Thus, we're looking to prove that both corporate strategies and business models of free-to air and pay TV channels publishers tend to converge towards a single model
7
Merdita, Hana. "Entry Strategy for the European Union: Republic of Croatia." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-125133.
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More than twenty years after the independence declaration, Republic of Croatia is facing the second biggest step in its history- entry to the European Union. European Union, the world's trade leader, has recognized Croatia as a reliable partner in the future affairs. Croatia shall become a 28th member of the integration on July 1st, 2013. Croatia has experienced many obstacles on the path to the European Union, trying to align its system with the EU's comprehensive legislation. The aim of this thesis is therefore to provide an extensive analysis of the Croatian path to the European Union and to apply the solutions on the further development not only of Croatia but also the remaining candidate countries of the European Union.
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Chivarar, Sonia, and Haithem Hamdi. "Technology Convergence and Open Innovation : An Empirical Study on How Nexus of Forces Influences the Open Innovation Environment." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Informatik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-23980.
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This study is conducted within the domains of technology convergence and Open Innovation environment. Two frameworks have been adopted in the study, namely; Nexus of Forces and Capability-Based Framework for Open Innovation. The first purpose of the investigation was to identify to what extent and in what ways does Nexus of Forces affects the knowledge capabilities within the Open Innovation environment. The second purpose of the investigation was to identify what practical implications does Nexus of Forces brings to the Open Innovation practices. The investigation was conducted on a single company – Swisscom – by following a case study strategy. The methodological approach for collecting the data was a mixed method approach with concurrent embedded strategy. The study has focused mainly on qualitative data and the quantitative data was nested with the focus to strengthen the findings. For the primary data collection, 6 respondents were selected, Expert A and Expert B for interviews and 4 managers for survey. In regard to the first purpose, our findings have shown that practices of Nexus of Forces have strategical implications on the process of managing knowledge capabilities. The extents of the NoF implications are through a direct and indirect level for the departments, which work with Open Innovation projects and at meta-level for the higher organizational structures within the company. In regard to the second purpose, our findings have shown that practices of Nexus of Forces have tactical implications on the Open Innovation practices. The final outcome of the study is a theoretical model that displays the strategical and tactical implications of Nexus of Forces on the knowledge capabilities and Open Innovation practices within the Open Innovation environment.
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Costa, Márcio Andrade. "A telefonia móvel no Brasil: os efeitos da sua regulação sobre as estratégias das operadoras." Escola de Administração da Universidade Federal da Bahia, 2007. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/18897.
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Costa, Marcio Andrade.pdf: 885780 bytes, checksum: cce004ad16c68dce35c0c4003cb3f439 (MD5)<br>O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar como a regulação do Serviço Móvel Pessoal (SMP), implementada pela Anatel em 2001, alterou a estrutura do mercado e as estratégias das operadoras do setor de telefonia móvel no Brasil, entre 2002 e 2007. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa em torno do tema com a construção de um estudo de caso múltiplo (YIN, 2003) acerca das maiores operadoras que atuam no setor – Vivo, Tim, Claro e
Oi – considerando a participação histórica dessas operadoras na base de clientes móveis em operação no Brasil. O referencial teórico utilizado foi a análise estrutural da indústria
(PORTER, 1980). As técnicas de coleta dos dados seguiram as recomendações de Patton
(2002) na realização da pesquisa documental, entrevistas e observações não-participantes. A conclusão da pesquisa é que o Serviço Móvel Pessoal representa as mudanças ocorridas no arcabouço regulatório do setor de telefonia móvel, alterando deliberadamente a estrutura
desse mercado, reduzindo as barreiras de entrada no setor, elevando a intensidade da concorrência entre as operadoras que nele se encontram e estabelecendo integrações verticais entre estas e as operadoras de telefonia fixa. A conclusão a respeito das estratégias implementadas pelas operadoras, diante da estrutura do mercado, após o SMP, é que as operadoras analisadas – Vivo, Tim, Claro e Oi - adotaram uma estratégia de liderança em
custos, competindo em um mercado típico de commodities até o lançamento de serviços que caracterizam a convergência fixa-móvel (CURWEN, 2006) pela Oi, mudando seu
posicionamento estratégico no setor, adotando uma estratégia de diferenciação. Em decorrência, a competição no setor de telefonia móvel foi alterada, dividindo o setor em dois grupos estratégicos: o primeiro grupo formado pelas operadoras que mantiveram uma estratégia de custos – Vivo, Tim e Claro, e o segundo grupo formado por uma operadora que adotou uma estratégia de diferenciação – a Oi. This work analysis how the regulation named Serviço Móvel Pessoal (SMP), edited by Anatel, in 2001, modified the mobile cellular market structure and the Brazilian mobile companies strategies during the 2002-2007 period. In order to answer this question, a qualitative research and a multi-case study (YIN, 2003) were developed on the biggest
Brazilian mobile companies – Vivo, Tim, Claro and Oi – based on their market share
historical indexes. The theoretical framework used was the structural analysis of industry attractiveness (PORTER, 1980). The data collecting techniques followed Patton’s (2002) recommendations on doing documental research, interviewing and non-participant observations. This research concludes that the ‘Serviço Móvel Pessoal’ means the changes in the mobile cellular market regulation, modifying its market structure in a deliberated process,
reducing entry barriers, increasing mobile cellular companies’ rivalry and introducing vertical integration between them and fixed-wired companies. The conclusion around the strategies
implemented by mobile cellular companies, based on this market structure, after SMP, is that all the operators analyzed by this research - Vivo, Tim, Claro and Oi – implemented a cost leadership strategy, competing in a commodities typical market until the introducing of fixedmobile
convergence services (CURWEN, 2006) by Oi company, changing its strategic position, adopting a differentiation strategy. As a consequence, the competition in the mobile
cellular market structure was modified, separating this sector into two strategic groups: the first one, composed by the companies who maintained a cost leadership strategy - Vivo, Tim and Claro, and the second one, composed by a company which adopted a differentiation strategy – Oi.
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Hlávková, Eva. "Ekonomika Španělska a jeho postavení v EU." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-5012.
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The aim of the thesis is to assess the economy of Spain and its position in the European Union. The European integration processes significantly influenced the development of democracy in Spain as a member state of EU. The period after Franco regime would last undoubtedly much longer and it would grow less dynamically without these processes. The influence of EU affected not only the Spanish economy, but also the current position of Spanish monarchy in Europe and in the whole world. The thesis is structured in three main parts. To be able to assess the Spanish economy during its membership in the EU, it is essential to study the procedures of negotiations between the candidate country and the Community. That is the reason why the first part is engaged in the pre-entry phase. The second part examines in detail the development of the economy after the reintroduction of democracy in the country. It deals mainly with the macroeconomic tendencies, their causes together with consequences. The progress concerns the economic situation in Spain before the entry to the Community, in the second half of eighties, as well as during the nineties. The thesis does not forget to be engaged in the current situation in the new millennium and it also outlines the possible development in the following years. The last part is devoted to the position and the influence of Spain on the main integration directions in the European Union. The coherence and the extent of evaluation can be considered one of the benefits of this work. The thesis introduces the complex view of the Spanish economy since the entry to the EU. It also deals with possible following tendencies. The understanding of the development is facilitated by a large number of graphs and tables, which help to outline the essence of the topic.
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Bonilla, Bolanos Andrea. "A step further in the theory of regional economic integration : a look at the Unasur's integration strategy." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO22009.
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La nouvelle stratégie d'intégration adoptée en 2000 par les pays Sud-Américains, après trois décennies d'instabilité économique et de crises récurrentes, est un jalon de l'histoire économique de la région. En effet, la volatilité du cycle économique de ces pays s'est réduite significativement à partir de cette date, atteignant son niveau le plus bas depuis 1950. L'analyse d'un tel phénomène est particulièrement intéressante en particulier lorsque l'on se place dans le contexte de turbulences et de crises des années 2000, à savoir, la crise financière mondiale (2008-2009) et, dans son sillage, la crise des dettes souveraines en zone euro. Dans cette thèse, l'objectif est d'étudier le projet d'intégration régionale d'Amérique du Sud, institutionnalisé en 2008 avec la création de l'Union des Nations Sud-Américaines Unasur, en tant que vecteur de stabilisation de ces économies. De ce fait, il s'agit de concentrer l'analyse sur les interactions entre les douze pays du continent Sud-Américain – Argentine, Bolivie, Brésil, Chili, Colombie, Équateur, Guyana, Paraguay, Pérou, Uruguay, Suriname et Venezuela – qui forment un groupe hétérogène autour d'un objectif commun l' "… intégration culturelle, sociale, économique et politique …" et la "… réduction des asymétries de la qualité de vie de ses citoyens … ". La thèse s'intéresse exclusivement aux aspects économiques d'un tel projet d'intégration régionale. À partir d'outils empiriques et théoriques, nous cherchons à évaluer le niveau de convergence et de vulnérabilité des économies concernées. Plus particulièrement une analyse des impacts des politiques d'intégration dans court terme et une étude de leurs performances macroéconomiques de long terme. La thèse se divise en quatre chapitres et s'appuie sur des modèles qui intègrent diverses sources de diffusion des chocs asymétriques. Le premier chapitre présente l'état de l'art de la théorie d'intégration économique régionale en soulignant le cas Sud-Américain. Le deuxième chapitre analyse, à l'aide de modèles vectoriels autorégressifs structurels et de mesures de corrélation, l'impact de chocs externes sur les secteurs réel, monétaire et budgétaire des pays membres de l'Unasur. L'analyse montre que : (i) même les pays les plus fermés (Argentine et Venezuela) et les plus industrialisées (Brésil) présentent une forte vulnérabilité aux perturbations internationales, (ii) cette vulnérabilité individuelle se traduit en une convergence de court terme des trajectoires des principales variables macroéconomiques des pays concernés. Dans le troisième chapitre, on cherche à mesurer le degré de convergence de long terme des niveaux de vie des citoyens Sud-Américains à l’aide de modèles empiriques vectoriels à correction d'erreur et de techniques de cointégration. Les résultats montrent l'existence de tendances stochastiques communes à long terme. Cela signifie que les pays sont engagés dans un processus d'évolution vers un objectif commun, autrement dit, que les conditions de vie des citoyens Sud-Américains ne divergent pas à long terme. En fin, le troisième chapitre vise à analyser l'impact de l'investissement dans la construction de réseaux régionaux de transport, de communication et d'énergie, sur la réduction de l'hétérogénéité structurelle des pays de l'Unasur (projet IIRSA). En effectuant un certain nombre d'expériences de politique dans un cadre théorique, cette analyse constate que : (i) une accroissement d'investissement public en infrastructure suscite une augmentation du commerce intra-intra-régional mais pas forcément une réduction de l'écart de production entre les pays, (ii) l'écart de production à long terme entre l'Argentine et le Brésil diminue, dans un scénario gagnant-gagnant, en termes de croissance économique, seulement si les gouvernements de ces deux pays coordonnent leur augmentation d'investissement en infrastructure, comme proposé par l'IIRSA<br>Economic integration seems to be a new global trend. The past two decades have witnessed the formation of several economic unions in Asia (ASEAN+3 in 1997), Europe (Eurozone in 1999), Africa, and America (Union of South American Nations, Unasur in 2008). The South American case deserves special attention because, unlike the other blocs, the Unasur emerged as a political alliance and not as an economic one. Furthermore, Unasur is conceived as a strategy for improving the socioeconomic conditions of nations that have a common history of economic instability and external dependence. However, while common concerns and political willingness exist among group members, the question of whether that consensus is sufficient to ensure economic integration remains unanswered. For instance, economic integration as a strategy for macroeconomic stability has seemed to work well in Europe after the euro was launched in 1999 (Sapir, 2011), until the breakdown of the European sovereign debt crisis in recent years has revealed the inherent weaknesses of an economic union that lacks a political union (Fligstein et al., 2012, Issing, 2011). This development suggests that the Unasur project is likely to fail if the concerned economies do not converge economically. This is the reason why, this thesis assesses the Unasur project from an economic integration perspective, thus, complementing the huge body of political literature that has been developed on the issue (Briceño-Ruiz, 2014, Sanahuja, 2012). The first chapter describes the theory of economic integration' state of art focusing on South America. The second chapter examines the reactions of the Unasur economies to external shocks. By using a structural vector autoregression approach, it measures the impact of three external shocks (monetary, commercial, and financial) in the real, monetary, and fiscal economic sectors of Unasur economies and investigates co-movement paths. The results show (i) a non-negligible degree of synchronization across the studied economies, confirming their high external vulnerability, (ii) irrespective of size or integration degree, all Unasur members share mutual weaknesses, which they must fight to overcome. The third chapter evaluates the convergence in real GDP per-capita, as a suitable proxy measure, of the concerned economies for the period 1951-2011. By relying on cointegration techniques and applying Bernard and Durlauf's (1995) stochastic definitions of convergence and common trends, the presented evidence supports the existence of common long-run trends driving output in South America, meaning that the region is involved in a dynamic process of convergence in living standards. Finally, the fourth chapter studies the economic spillovers of the most advanced structural project of the group: the Initiative for the Integration of Regional Infrastructure in South America (IIRSA). A micro-founded two-country general equilibrium model is constructed to evaluate potential gains or losses (in terms of output convergence and trade integration) of raising publicly provided transportation infrastructure in a coordinated and uncoordinated manner. The model is solved using data from Argentina and Brazil. Results show that: (i) rising public investment in infrastructure boost commercial integration but not necessarily generates output converge, (ii) the only way for the Argentina and Brazil to achieve output convergence is to coordinate their increments on public infrastructure as proposed by the IIRSA
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Ralmé, Ellinor, and Luca Vanessa de. "Digitaliseringens påverkan på företag i tidningsbranschen : En studie i svensk kontext med fokus på företagsaspekter och branschstruktur." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-166978.
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Problematisering: En begränsad mängd forskning på tidningsbranschen har genomförts i svensk kontext. Oenighet råder bland forskare vilken del av affärsmodellen som påverkas och på vilket sätt, dessutom är det tvetydigt hurdana affärsmodellsinnovation är framgångsrikt. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att utforska digitaliseringens påverkan på företag i tidningsbranschen och tidningsföretagens strategier med hjälp av affärsmodellkanvasen och teorier inom affärsmodellsinnovation samt branschstruktur. Frågeställningar: (1) Hur har digitaliseringen upplevts av och påverkat tidningsföretag? (2) Hur har tidningsföretag agerat för att bemöta digitaliseringen med hjälp av sin strategi och affärsmodellsinnovation? (3) Hur har digitaliseringen påverkat företag i tidningsbranschen, med avseende på branschstruktur? Metod: Studien grundar sig på det epistemologiska forskningsparadigmet som grundar sig på ett interpretivistiskt synsätt. En kvalitativ forskningsmetod med semi-strukturerade intervjuer ligger till grund för studien som bygger på en deduktiv ansats med induktiva inslag. Studien genomförs med en tematisk analys. Slutsats: Tidningsföretagen har upplevt och påverkats av digitaliseringen på liknande sätt och intäkterna hotas. Genomgående för samtliga företag är att digitaliseringen har varit bristfällig, det främsta utnyttjandet är dataanvändning. Tidningsföretagen använder dual strategi med fokus på digital strategi för att bemöta digitaliseringen. Strategin med multi-plattformar har inte gett önskad effekt och digitala tidningskiosker upplevs inte vara en framtidsstrategi i Sverige. Samtliga företags affärsmodeller är i stor utsträckning identiska och affärsmodellsinnovationer har inte löst problemen i branschen än. Det har uppstått både inom- och mellanbranschkonvergens till följd av digitaliseringen. Branschförändringen identifieras som en radikal förändringsväg men tidningsföretagen behandlar förändringen som progressiv. Studiens bidrag: Studiens teoretiska bidrag är att tidningsbranschen har fått ett större utrymme i akademisk kontext med ett brett och djupt fokus på digitalisering, företagsaspekter och branschstruktur. Studiens praktiska bidrag är att studiens insikter kan hjälpa företag i tidningsbranschen att bemöta digitaliseringen.<br>Background: A limited amount of research regarding the industry has been conducted in a Swedish context. Studies differ regarding what part of the business model that is affected and in what way. Whether or not business model innovation is successful is ambiguous. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of digitalization on companies in the newspaper industry and the newspaper companies’ strategies applying the business model canvas and theories within business model innovation and industry structure. Research questions: (1) How has digitization been experienced by and influenced newspaper companies? (2) How have newspaper companies acted to respond to digitalization with their strategy and business model innovation? (3) How has digitalization affected companies in the newspaper industry, regarding to industry structure? Methodology: The study is based on the epistemological research paradigm that is based on an interpretivist approach. A qualitative research method with semi-structured interviews forms the foundation of the study, which is based on a deductive approach with inductive elements. The study is conducted applying a thematic analysis. Conclusion: The newspaper companies have experienced and been affected by digitalization in a similar way and revenues are threatened. The adaptation has been problematic, the main utilization of digitalization is the use of data. In this study the newspaper companies use dual strategy with a focus on digital strategy to respond to digitalization. Digital newsstands are not perceived as a future strategy in Sweden and the multi-platform strategy has not had the desired effects. The company's business models are to a great extent identical and business model innovation has not solved the industry problems yet. In this study the industry change is identified as a radical change however, newspaper companies respond to the industry situation as progressive. Contribution: The theoretical contribution is that the newspaper industry has gained a greater scope in academic context with a broader and deeper focus on digitalization, business aspects and industry structure. The practical contribution is that the study can help companies in the newspaper industry to respond to digitalization.
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Fescharek, Nicolas. "European role convergence by default ? : the contributions of the EU Member States to security provision and Security Sector Reform during the military intervention in Afghanistan (2001-2014)." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0009/document.
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Basé sur un engagement collectif qui a débuté en 2001, cette thèse se penche sur le rôle des États membres de l'Union européenne (UE) dans la stabilisation de l’Afghanistan pendant l'intervention militaire de 2001 à 2014. La thèse analyse les contributions nationales et collectives des Etats membres à la stabilisation et la sécurité nationale de l'Afghanistan, de la réforme du secteur de sécurité à la formation de l'armée et de la police, du maintien de la paix aux combats et aux initiatives diplomatiques. La thèse montre que le Etats membres ont joué un rôle important dans les prestations de sécurité, mais leur impact collectif est en grande partie le résultat de synergies entre des contributions nationales, et ces synergies ont été réalisées en dehors des dynamiques ou des politiques européennes. Le leadership américain a été un facteur important dans l’émergence d’un rôle européen collectif par défaut. La thèse avance également un argument théorique-conceptuel : Loin d'être un obstacle à un rôle européen de sécurité et de défense, l'absence d'une politique ou d'un projet européen a agi comme un important catalyseur de la convergence des comportements, une fois qu’un leadership américain pouvait être invoqué. Cette convergence de comportements en matière de sécurité et de défense a eu lieu en dépit de la grande divergence des cultures stratégiques entre les Etats membres. Elle a été réalisée à partir d’actions conjointes mais sélectives qui furent insérées dans le cadre du leadership américain. Une politique collective et européenne n’a pas été nécessaire pour réaliser ce rôle<br>Based on a collective engagement that has lasted since 2001, this thesis looks at the role(s) of the EU Member States (MS) in the provision of security during the intervention in Afghanistan (2001-2014). It analyzes their national and collective contribution(s) to Afghanistan’s post-2001 national security and Security Sector Reform (SSR), from military and police training to peace keeping, war fighting and diplomatic initiatives. The dissertation shows the MS played an important role in security provision, but their collective impact was largely the result of synergies between national contributions that occurred outside of European dynamics or policy planning. US campaign leadership was an important enabler of this collective European role by default. The dissertation also advances a theoretical-conceptual argument: Far from being an impediment to a European role in security and defense, the absence of a European policy or project acted as an important enabler of behavioral convergence once a US lead could be relied upon. This behavioral convergence in security and defense occurred despite the great strategic cultural divergence between the MS. It consisted of, and was driven by, joined-up action on an opt-in/opt-out basis, while a collective European policy was not necessary
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Borison, Torbjorn. "Object Synchronization and Security for Mobile Communications Devices." Thesis, KTH, Mikroelektronik och Informationsteknik, IMIT, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-93276.
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The main objective of this master’s thesis project was to investigate and find solutions to the problem of how to combine the SyncML synchronisation specification with object security and thus protection of personal information, such as contacts and calendar entries in mobile devices. SyncML is a new synchronisation specification agreed upon by major device developers (Ericsson, Palm, Motorola, etc.) and the major synchronisation server developers (Starfish, Puma, fusionOne, etc.). It is independent of transport (HTTP, WSP, or OBEX) platform, operating system, and application and simplifies synchronisation of personal information between dissimilar SyncML supportive devices. SyncML compliant devices are fully capable of synchronising information with a third party operated Internet based server and a desktop computer. This allows us to access, up-date and maintain information independent of Intranets or geographical position. However, synchronising and storing confidential personal information on an third party operated Internet based server entails weaknesses in our personal information security. Even if transport and storage security are used, how secure is the server where this information is stored since this server has the highest probability of being attacked. Can we really trust that an employee or other person with valid appropriated administrators access to the storage facility with the appropriate knowledge, working together with the third party server operator, won’t try to access our stored information? To prevent this, the personal information’s confidentiality must be guaranteed before the information leaves the device. When synchronising and exchanging personal information, the information is often marked according to a specific format. The three de-facto standard PIM formats are: (1) vCard (contact information), (2) vCalendar, and (3) iCalendar (calendar and scheduling information). These formats divide the personal information into properties. Each property is assigned to contain a small piece of the personal information entry (e.g. a telephone number, an e-mail address, the time when the calendar event begins, etc.). Furthermore to preserve the interoperability between different devices given by SyncML, authorised recipients must automatically be able to reverse the encryption process and decrypt the encrypted property value. Therefore general cryptographic formats are used (e.g. CMS, PGP and the newly developed XML Encryption). They add information needed by the recipients (e.g. algorithm used, padding method used on the plain text, etc.), encrypt the plaintext into cipher text, and decrypt the cipher text into plain text given the correct key.
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Machado, Jones. "ESTRATÉGIAS DE COMUNICAÇÃO DA PETROBRAS NO CONTEXTO DE CONVERGÊNCIA MIDIÁTICA." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/6336.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>This research theme is organizational communication in the context of digital media convergence and is bounded to the study of the media convergence as a strategic resource organizational communication undertaken by Petrobras in the ambience of the internet. The research problem holds on the assumption that the contemporary scene of Information Technologies and Communication Technologies enables other forms of sociability, different spaces of forms of relationship and interaction between organizations and their audiences. In view of this phenomenon, the types of communication flows are reconfigured, so now we must take into account the possibilities of interaction for different ambiences media empowered to conduct the mapping and analysis of appropriations and communicative practices (BARICHELLO, 2009). The problem can be expressed through the following question: How does digital media convergence is presented as a communication strategy by Petrobras in the ambience of the internet? The overall goal is to understand how a digital media convergence is presented as a strategic resource for communication by Petrobras in the ambience of the internet. Specific objectives relate to: map the communication strategies undertaken by Petrobras in multimedia in the period from January to April 2012; investigate the potentiation of the approach of content in digital multimedia, media convergence and analyze the second articulation of communication strategies undertaken by Petrobras in the ambiance of internet multimedia. The methodology is mixed, a triangulation of methods and techniques in order to study and understand the articulation of strategies for multimedia communication Petrobras institutional. It was decided, in light of the objectives to be answered and the research problem, the case study method (Yin, 2005). As research techniques were used: the content analysis adapted from Bardin (1977), covert and non-participatory observation (JOHNSON, 2010) and the asynchronous semi-structured online interview (JOHNSON, 2010). It was noted that the redirection of content by providing pointers (links) was present in 48.83 studied units, the creation of specific content for a particular media corresponding to 43.25; the adaptation of content with different approach to other digital media was detected in 7.90 of units of study; while the ability to transpose the content of digital media to another was not detected in any of the units tested. It was noted also that the blog Fatos e Dados has a central function in the process of communication which Petrobras establishes with the society and in the circulation of information between digital media studied.<br>Esta pesquisa tem como tema a comunicação organizacional no contexto de convergência midiática e está delimitada ao estudo desta como recurso estratégico de comunicação organizacional empreendida pela Petrobras na ambiência digital. O problema de pesquisa ampara-se no pressuposto de que o cenário contemporâneo das Tecnologias da Informação e da Comunicação (TICs) viabiliza outras formas de sociabilidade, diferentes espaços de relacionamento e formas de interação entre as organizações e seus públicos. Em face desse fenômeno, as tipologias de fluxos comunicacionais são reconfiguradas e, portanto, atualmente é preciso levar em consideração as possibilidades de interação propiciadas pelas diferentes ambiências midiáticas para proceder ao mapeamento e à análise de apropriações e práticas comunicacionais (BARICHELLO, 2009). A problemática pode ser expressa por meio da seguinte questão: De que forma a convergência midiática se apresenta como estratégia de comunicação pela Petrobras na ambiência digital? O objetivo geral é compreender de que forma a convergência midiática digital se apresenta como recurso estratégico de comunicação pela Petrobras na ambiência digital. Os objetivos específicos referem-se a: mapear algumas das estratégias de comunicação empreendidas pela Petrobras em multimídias no período de janeiro a abril de 2012; investigar a abordagem de conteúdos em multimídias digitais; e analisar a convergência midiática segundo a articulação de estratégias de comunicação empreendida pela Petrobras em multimídias na ambiência da internet. A metodologia é mista, uma triangulação de métodos e técnicas, a fim de se estudar e compreender a articulação das estratégias de comunicação da Petrobras em multimídias institucionais. Decidiu-se, em face dos objetivos a serem respondidos e do problema de pesquisa, pelo método do Estudo de Caso (YIN, 2005). Como técnicas de pesquisa foram utilizadas: a análise de conteúdo adaptada de Bardin (1977), a observação encoberta e não participativa (JOHNSON, 2010) e a entrevista online assíncrona semiestruturada (JOHNSON, 2010). Constatou-se que o redirecionamento de conteúdo por meio da disponibilização de apontadores (links) esteve presente em 48,83% das unidades estudadas; a criação de conteúdo específico para uma determinada mídia correspondeu a 43,25%; a adaptação de conteúdo com abordagem diferente para outra mídia digital foi detectado em 7,90% das unidades estudadas; enquanto a possibilidade de transpor o conteúdo de uma mídia digital para outra não foi detectada em nenhuma das unidades analisadas. Constatou-se também que o blog Fatos e Dados possui função central no processo de comunicação que a Petrobras estabelece com a sociedade e na circulação de informações entre as mídias digitais estudadas.
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Huckeba, Kristyn L. "Confronting Convergence: Are Higher Education Administrators Using a Strategic Planning Approach to Mass Communication Curriculum Convergence?" Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc28433/.
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Professors in mass communications departments of higher education institutions continue to search for the best way to prepare graduates for the ever-changing world of print, broadcast, and online media. Business administration theories have long been used in other areas, including education. While some application of strategic planning has been documented with regards to education, there is not much to reference in this area. The study investigated the use of strategic planning in developing a course of action for curriculum convergence in mass communication programs. The study used a purposive sample to determine if administrators are utilizing this method as a part of curriculum convergence. The results indicated a use of this method among institutions involved in curriculum convergence.
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Polanský, Jan. "Návrh automatického obchodního systému pro měnový trh." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-254259.
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The master’s thesis deals with trading the currency market. The aim of thesis is the creation of an automated trading system based on technical analysis. This thesis is divided into several parts. The theoretical aspects and analysis of current situation are followed by automated trading system proposal. The system is designed on basis of technical indicators and tested on historical data and then optimized.
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Santos, Maria Jucimeire dos. "Uma estrat?gia aleat?ria chamada de MOSES." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17013.
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Previous issue date: 2013-04-24<br>Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior<br>This paper we study a random strategy called MOSES, which was introduced
in 1996 by Fran?cois. Asymptotic results of this strategy; behavior of the stationary
distributions of the chain associated to strategy, were derived by Fran?cois, in 1998,
of the theory of Freidlin and Wentzell [8]. Detailings of these results are in this work.
Moreover, we noted that an alternative approach the convergence of this strategy
is possible without making use of theory of Freidlin and Wentzell, yielding the visit
almost certain of the strategy to uniform populations which contain the minimum.
Some simulations in Matlab are presented in this work<br>Neste trabalho estudamos uma estrat?gia aleat?ria chamada de MOSES, que foi introduzida por Fran?ois em 1996. Resultados assint?ticos desta estrat?gia; comportamento das distribui??es estacion?rias da cadeia associada a estrat?gia, foram derivados por Fran?ois, em 1998, da teoria de Freidlin e Wentzell [8]. Detalhamentos destes resultados est?o neste trabalho. Por outro lado, notamos que uma abordagem alternativa da converg?ncia desta estrat?gia ? poss?vel sem fazer uso da teoria de Freidlin e Wentzell, obtendo-se a visita quase certa da estrat?gia as popula??es uniformes que cont?m o m?m?nimo. Algumas simula??es no Matlab s?o apresentadas neste trabalho
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Jeunesse, Paulien. "Estimation non paramétrique du taux de mort dans un modèle de population générale : Théorie et applications. A new inference strategy for general population mortality tables Nonparametric adaptive inference of birth and death models in a large population limit Nonparametric inference of age-structured models in a large population limit with interactions, immigration and characteristics Nonparametric test of time dependance of age-structured models in a large population limit." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLED013.
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L’étude du taux de mortalité dans des modèles de population humaine ou en biologie est le cœur de ce travail. Cette thèse se situe à la frontière de la statistique des processus, de la statistique non-paramétrique et de l’analyse.Dans une première partie, centrée sur une problématique actuarielle, un algorithme est proposé pour estimer les tables de mortalité, utiles en assurance. Cet algorithme se base sur un modèle déterministe de population. Ces nouvelles estimations améliorent les résultats actuels en prenant en compte la dynamique globale de la population. Ainsi les naissances sont incorporées dans le modèle pour calculer le taux de mort. De plus, ces estimations sont mises en lien avec les travaux précédents, assurant ainsi la continuité théorique de notre travail.Dans une deuxième partie, nous nous intéressons à l’estimation du taux de mortalité dans un modèle stochastique de population. Cela nous pousse à utiliser des arguments propres à la statistique des processus et à la statistique non-paramétrique. On trouve alors des estimateurs non-paramétriques adaptatifs dans un cadre anisotrope pour la mortalité et la densité de population, ainsi que des inégalités de concentration non asymptotiques quantifiant la distance entre le modèle stochastique et le modèle déterministe limite utilisé dans la première partie. On montre que ces estimateurs restent optimaux dans un modèle où le taux de mort dépend d’interactions, comme dans le cas de la population logistique.Dans une troisième partie, on considère la réalisation d’un test pour détecter la présence d’interactions dans le taux de mortalité. Ce test permet en réalité de juger de la dépendance temporelle de ce taux. Sous une hypothèse, on montre alors qu’il est possible de détecter la présence d’interactions. Un algorithme pratique est proposé pour réaliser ce test<br>In this thesis, we study the mortality rate in different population models to apply our results to demography or biology. The mathematical framework includes statistics of process, nonparametric estimations and analysis.In a first part, an algorithm is proposed to estimate the mortality tables. This problematic comes from actuarial science and the aim is to apply our results in the insurance field. This algorithm is founded on a deterministic population model. The new estimates we gets improve the actual results. Its advantage is to take into account the global population dynamics. Thanks to that, births are used in our model to compute the mortality rate. Finally these estimations are linked with the precedent works. This is a point of great importance in the field of actuarial science.In a second part, we are interested in the estimation of the mortality rate in a stochastic population model. We need to use the tools coming from nonparametric estimations and statistics of process to do so. Indeed, the mortality rate is a function of two parameters, the time and the age. We propose minimax optimal and adaptive estimators for the mortality and the population density. We also demonstrate some non asymptotics concentration inequalities. These inequalities quantifiy the deviation between the stochastic process and its deterministic limit we used in the first part. We prove that our estimators are still optimal in a model where the mortality is influenced by interactions. This is for example the case for the logistic population.In a third part, we consider the testing problem to detect the existence of interactions. This test is in fact designed to detect the time dependance of the mortality rate. Under the assumption the time dependance in the mortality rate comes only from the interactions, we can detect the presence of interactions. Finally we propose an algorithm to do this test
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Leckner, Sara. "Is the medium the message? : The impact of digital media on the newspaper concept." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Medieteknik och grafisk produktion, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4530.
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Hacklin, Fredrik. "Management of convergence in innovation : strategic capability development through coevolutionary cycles of industry upheaval /." Zürich : ETH, 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=16967.
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Sağlam, Aziz İbrahim. "Three essays on international trade strategic trade policies, intra-industry trade, and income convergence /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4602.
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Ameli, Mostafa. "Heuristic Methods for Calculating Dynamic Traffic Assignment Simulation-based dynamic traffic assignment: meta-heuristic solution methods with parallel computing Non-unicity of day-to-day multimodal user equilibrium: the network design history effect Improving traffic network performance with road banning strategy: a simulation approach comparing user equilibrium and system optimum." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSET009.
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Les systèmes de transport sont caractérisés de manière dynamique non seulement par des interactions non linéaires entre les différents composants, mais également par des boucles de rétroaction entre l'état du réseau et les décisions des utilisateurs. En particulier, la congestion du réseau impacte à la fois la répartition de la demande locale en modifiant les choix d’itinéraire et la demande multimodale globale. Selon les conditions du réseau, ils peuvent décider de changer, par exemple, leur mode de transport. Plusieurs équilibres peuvent être définis pour les systèmes de transport. L'équilibre de l'utilisateur correspond à la situation dans laquelle chaque utilisateur est autorisé à se comporter de manière égoïste et à minimiser ses propres frais de déplacement. L'optimum du système correspond à une situation où le coût total du transport de tous les utilisateurs est minimal. Dans ce contexte, l’étude vise à calculer les modèles de flux d'itinéraires dans un réseau prenant en compte différentes conditions d’équilibre et à étudier l’équilibre du réseau dans un contexte dynamique. L'étude se concentre sur des modèles de trafic capables de représenter une dynamique du trafic urbain à grande échelle. Trois sujets principaux sont abordés. Premièrement, des méthodes heuristiques et méta-heuristiques rapides sont développées pour déterminer les équilibres avec différents types de trafic. Deuxièmement, l'existence et l'unicité des équilibres d'utilisateurs sont étudiées. Lorsqu'il n'y a pas d'unicité, la relation entre des équilibres multiples est examinée. De plus, l'impact de l'historique du réseau est analysé. Troisièmement, une nouvelle approche est développée pour analyser l’équilibre du réseau en fonction du niveau de la demande. Cette approche compare les optima des utilisateurs et du système et vise à concevoir des stratégies de contrôle afin de déplacer la situation d'équilibre de l'utilisateur vers l'optimum du système<br>Transport systems are dynamically characterized not only by nonlinear interactions between the different components but also by feedback loops between the state of the network and the decisions of users. In particular, network congestion affects both the distribution of local demand by modifying route choices and overall multimodal demand. Depending on the conditions of the network, they may decide to change for example their transportation mode. Several equilibria can be defined for transportation systems. The user equilibrium corresponds to the situation where each user is allowed to behave selfishly and to minimize his own travel costs. The system optimum corresponds to a situation where the total transport cost of all the users is minimum. In this context, the study aims to calculate route flow patterns in a network considering different equilibrium conditions and study the network equilibrium in a dynamic setting. The study focuses on traffic models capable of representing large-scale urban traffic dynamics. Three main issues are addressed. First, fast heuristic and meta-heuristic methods are developed to determine equilibria with different types of traffic patterns. Secondly, the existence and uniqueness of user equilibria is studied. When there is no uniqueness, the relationship between multiple equilibria is examined. Moreover, the impact of network history is analyzed. Thirdly, a new approach is developed to analyze the network equilibrium as a function of the level of demand. This approach compares user and system optimums and aims to design control strategies in order to move the user equilibrium situation towards the system optimum
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Noble, Laine. "Evolution of Dispersal in Patchy Habitats." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1448878039.
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Guimier, Alain. "Algorithmes a strategie aleatoire : theorie et aspects numeriques : applications a la stabilite d'iterations perturbees vitesses de convergence." Aix-Marseille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX11172.
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Une etude numerique ainsi que les estimations de vitesse de convergence sont proposees. Un modele general des algorithmes etudies est introduit qui permet d'etudier le comportement des algorithmes d'optimisation deterministe lorsqu'ils sont perturbes par des erreurs a chaque iteration. Dans une deuxieme partie, sont etudies les algorithmes iteratifs perturbes par des erreurs aleatoires ou non. Il est montre que sous des hypotheses realistes, la convergence est conservee si les erreurs pendent vers zero
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Vedootto, Denise de Oliveira. "Humanização no contexto do trabalho em estratégia saúde da família: uma proposta convergente-assistencial." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2017. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/12827.
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This study on the humanization in the context of the work in health aims to create opportunities for reflection on collective spaces about daily life, understand the subjective meanings and contribute to promote and enhance the inventive potential of subjects working in the health services, with a view to promoting health and quality of life at work. Given this, if established as research issues: What are the perceptions of health workers about the humanization in the work context? What are the possibilities of assistance actions with health workers in search of a movement of reflection about the humanization in the work context? Had as objectives: understand the perceptions of health workers about the humanization in the context of the work and carry out assistance actions with health workers in search of a movement of reflection about the humanization in the context of the work. The research was qualitative, with Convergent approach-Assistance. The scenario was a family health Strategy located in a municipality in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The participants were health workers inserted in this context, comprising a total of Fifteen participants. In this study, the data were produced through the technique of participant observation, semi-structured interview and convergence groups. After the analysis of the data was made up of the stages proposed by Convergent Healthcare Research method. The results indicate that the humanisation in the context of the work is intrinsic to subjective factors and elements that influence in the context of the work. The workers realize vertical relations between managers and workers and difficulties in the relationship with users, but there's a effectiveness and cooperation teamwork among employees of the ESF. Still, participants sit devalued in your most inappropriate, wage conditions, few training actions and excessive activities. Understand situations that may increase the pain/illness of the worker, with need for dialogue and discussion spaces. Convergence with the practice was accomplished through groups with workers of the ESF, which contributed to the enhancement of workers subjectivity from an interdisciplinary health care practice in groups of convergence with prominence of the subject. It is concluded that there is a need for research related to humanization in the context of the work, with the prospect of changes within the health services organizations, involving analysis of work processes, methods of work, to relate, to resist the adoecimentos to think, feel and live.<br>Este estudo sobre a humanização no contexto do trabalho em saúde se propõe a oportunizar uma reflexão nos espaços coletivos acerca do cotidiano laboral, compreender os significados subjetivos e contribuir para favorecer e valorizar o potencial inventivo dos sujeitos que trabalham nos serviços de saúde, com vistas à promoção da saúde e qualidade de vida no trabalho. Diante disso, se estabeleceu como questões de pesquisa: Quais as percepções de trabalhadores de saúde acerca da humanização no contexto do trabalho? Quais as possibilidades de ações assistenciais com trabalhadores de saúde na busca de um movimento de reflexão acerca da humanização no contexto do trabalho? Teve como objetivos: compreender as percepções de trabalhadores de saúde acerca da humanização no contexto do trabalho e realizar ações assistenciais com trabalhadores de saúde na busca de um movimento de reflexão acerca da humanização no contexto do trabalho. A pesquisa foi qualitativa, com abordagem Convergente-Assistencial. O cenário foi uma Estratégia de Saúde da Família localizada em um município do interior do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Os participantes foram trabalhadores de saúde inseridos neste contexto, contemplando um total de quinze participantes. Neste estudo, os dados foram produzidos por meio da técnica da observação participante, entrevista semiestruturada e grupos de convergência. Após, a análise dos dados foi composta pelas fases propostos pelo método da Pesquisa Convergente Assistencial. Os resultados apontam que a humanização no contexto do trabalho está intrínseco a fatores subjetivos do trabalhador e elementos que influenciam no contexto do trabalho. Os trabalhadores percebem relações verticalizadas entre gestores e trabalhadores e dificuldades na relação com usuários, porém há uma efetividade e cooperação no trabalho em equipe entre os trabalhadores da ESF. Ainda, os participantes sentem-se desvalorizados em sua maioria, sejam por condições salariais inadequadas, poucas ações de capacitação e excesso de atividades. Percebem situações que podem potencializar o sofrimento/adoecimento do trabalhador, com necessidade de diálogo e espaços de discussão. A convergência com a prática efetivou-se por meio de grupos com os trabalhadores da ESF, em que se contribuiu para valorização da subjetividade dos trabalhadores a partir de uma prática assistencial interdisciplinar nos grupos de convergência com protagonismo dos sujeitos. Conclui-se que há necessidade de pesquisas relacionadas à humanização no contexto do trabalho, com perspectiva de mudanças no âmbito das organizações dos serviços de saúde envolvendo a análise dos processos de trabalho, dos modos de trabalhar, de se relacionar, de resistir a adoecimentos, de pensar, sentir e viver.
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Ellis, J. Michael Crimmins Michael T. "Approaches to marine-derived polycyclic ether natural products first total synthesis of the asbestinins and a convergent strategy for Brevetoxin A /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1106.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.<br>Title from electronic title page (viewed Mar. 27, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Chemistry." Discipline: Chemistry; Department/School: Chemistry.
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Regilme, Salvador Santino Jr Fulo [Verfasser]. "A Theory of Interest Convergence : Explaining the Impact of US Strategic Support on Southeast Asia’s Human Rights Situation, 1992-2013 / Salvador Santino Jr. Fulo Regilme." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1067842934/34.
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Sasso, Maiara. "Adoção das normas de contabilidade oriundas do processo de convergência às IPSAS: respostas estratégicas de governos estaduais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12136/tde-28062017-113405/.
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As mudanças na contabilidade aplicada ao setor público no Brasil, a partir da edição da Portaria n. 184, de 25 de agosto de 2008, têm ocupado grande espaço nas discussões, tanto no meio acadêmico quanto nas atividades dos órgãos e entidades responsáveis pela contabilidade. Tais mudanças, pela perspectiva das entidades a que se aplicam e observadas por meio dos pressupostos da teoria institucional e da teoria da dependência de recursos, podem ser abordadas como mudanças institucionais demandadas pelo ambiente externo organizacional. Oliver (1991) propõe um modelo com base em ambas as teorias supramencionadas para identificação da resposta estratégica de uma organização em decorrência das pressões ou regras institucionais que variam de conformidade à alta resistência, a saber: (i) aquiescer, (ii) negociar, (iii) esquivar, (iv) desafiar e (v) manipular. Nessa perspectiva, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo geral compreender as respostas estratégicas de estados brasileiros às mudanças institucionais baseadas na adoção das normas brasileiras de contabilidade oriundas do processo de convergência às International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS), sob a perspectiva da teoria institucional e da dependência de recursos. Utilizou-se a estratégia de pesquisa de estudo de casos múltiplos para identificar a resposta estratégica dos entes analisados em relação às mudanças institucionais, abordadas por meio dos 10 fatores preditivos de Oliver (1991) agrupados em cinco fatores institucionais, quais sejam: (i) causa: legitimação e eficiência; (ii) agente: multiplicidade e dependência; (iii) conteúdo: consistência e restrição; (iv) controle: coerção e difusão; e (v) contexto: incerteza e interconectividade. Assim sendo, as unidades de análise estudadas correspondem aos poderes executivos dos estados de São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro e Minas Gerais e as evidências foram obtidas mediante entrevistas, tanto com respondentes que atuam em tais entes estaduais como entrevistados externos aos estados, e documentos. Verificou-se, por meio da triangulação dos dados, que os três estados apresentam a aquiescência como resposta estratégica às mudanças institucionais baseadas na adoção das normas brasileiras de contabilidade oriundas do processo de convergência às IPSAS. Porém, constatou-se que, enquanto no estado de São Paulo cinco variáveis, entre as 10 utilizadas, indicaram a probabilidade de aquiescer, seis variáveis apontaram evidências referentes a tal resposta para o estado do Rio de Janeiro e sete para Minas Gerais. Concluiu-se, dessa maneira, que, apesar de os três entes estaduais apresentarem a mesma resposta estratégica, há maior probabilidade de resistência no estado de São Paulo, seguida pelo estado do Rio de Janeiro e, na sequência, por Minas Gerais, sendo que tais diferenças entre os entes estão atreladas às variáveis multiplicidade e consistência. Acredita-se que os apontamentos realizados na presente pesquisa sejam relevantes para compreensão dos fatores críticos que aumentam a probabilidade de conformidade ou de resistência às mudanças institucionais baseadas na adoção das normas brasileiras de contabilidade oriundas do processo de convergência às IPSAS.<br>The changes in public sector accounting in Brazil, since the publication of the MF Order N. 184, of 25 August 2008, have been taking a large agenda with discussions both in the academic environment and in the activities of the entities responsible for accounting. Such changes, from the perspective of applied entities and observed through the assumptions of institutional theory and resource dependence theory, can be approached as institutional changes or processes demanded by the external pressures. Oliver (1991) proposes a model based on both of the aforementioned theories to identify the strategic response of an organization as a result of external pressures or rules that vary from compliance to high resistance, namely: (i) acquiescence, (ii) compromise, (iii) avoidance, (iv) defiance, and (v) manipulation. In this perspective, the present research had as general purpose to understand the strategic responses of Brazilian states to institutional changes based on the adoption of Brazilian accounting standards from the convergence process to International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS), from the institutional and resource dependence perspective. The multiple case study research strategy was used to identify the strategic response of the entities addressed in relation to institutional changes and were addressed through Oliver\'s 10 predictors factors, grouped into five institutional factors: (i) cause: legitimacy and efficiency; (ii) constituents: multiplicity and dependence; (iii) content: consistency and constraint; (iv) control: coercion and diffusion; and (v) context: uncertainty and interconnectedness. Thus, the analyzed units correspond of the states of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Minas Gerais, on the executive sphere, and the evidence was obtained through documents and interviews with respondents who work in such state entities and respondents from outside the states. It was verified through the triangulation of data that the three states present acquiescence as a strategic response to the institutional changes based on the adoption of Brazilian accounting standards from convergence process to IPSAS. However, it was found that while in the state of São Paulo five variables, among the 10 used, indicated the probability of acquiesce, six variables indicated evidence regarding this response to the state of Rio de Janeiro and seven to the state of Minas Gerais. It was concluded, then, although the three state entities present the same strategic response, there is a greater probability of resistance in the state of São Paulo, followed by the state of Rio de Janeiro and, subsequently, the state of Minas Gerais. Such differences between the entities are tied to the multiplicity and consistency variables. It is believed that the notes made in the present study are relevant to the understanding of the critical factors that increase the likelihood of compliance or resistance to institutional changes based on the adoption of Brazilian accounting standards from convergence process to IPSAS.
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Dobrovolskaya, Yana. "Řízеní lidských zdrоjů v mеzinárоdní spоlеčnоsti АDP Еmplоyеr Sеrvicеs Čеská rеpublikа, а.s". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-262212.
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This thesis deals with the system of human resource management in international companies. The theoretical part is focused on the concept of international human resource management basic methods and trends and techniques of human resource management in international corporations. The practical part is devoted to analyze the current state of human resources management in ADP Employer Services Ceska republika a.s. the daughter company of international organization ADP Inc. Based on my practical research: employees survey and personal interview with the local HR Business Partner Lead I will evaluate the current state of human resource management system in the company and make series of recommendations that will help to improve the system of human resources for ADPs branch in Czech Republic which is the main contribution of this thesis.
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Kang, Su-Ju. "L'action extérieure de l'Union Européenne en faveur du renforcement du regime des droits de propriété intellectuelle en Chine." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1G011.
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Malgré l’amélioration du régime des droits de propriété intellectuelle (DPI) en Chine après l’accession de celle-ci à l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) en 2001, la question relative aux DPI demeure l’un des « sujets de vive préoccupation » dans le commerce sino-européen. Selon la stratégie européenne visant à assurer le respect des DPI dans les pays tiers, adoptée en 2005 et renouvelée en 2014, la Chine est ciblée par la Commission européenne comme le premier pays tiers dans lequel les autorités locales ne prennent pas de mesure efficace pour s’attaquer aux problèmes de violations des DPI. En raison des enjeux politiques et économiques importants pour l’UE, son intervention est nécessaire pour améliorer le régime des DPI et l’environnement de l’investissement en Chine. L’analyse de l’action extérieure de l’UE s’appuie sur l’étude des instruments auxquels elle recourt en vue de renforcer la protection et le respect des DPI en Chine. L’objet de notre recherche est d’examiner la manière dont l’Union choisit d’exploiter les instruments à géométrie variable au sein des enceintes multilatérale et bilatérale. Deux axes distincts mais complémentaires orientent la mise en œuvre de l’action extérieure de l’UE vis-à-vis de la Chine : l’approche coopérative, d’une part, et de l’approche conventionnelle, d’autre part. L’approche coopérative vise d’abord à rapprocher le régime juridique chinois des standards les plus élevés du droit de l’UE. En dépit d’un certain nombre de difficultés limitant l’efficacité de l’action extérieure de l’UE, la coopération bilatérale avec la Chine permet de contribuer à l’amélioration du régime juridique chinois. La convergence normative devrait ensuite faciliter l’apparition d’une approche commune entre l’UE et la Chine sur le plan conventionnel. Il importe à cet égard de souligner la position divergente de la Chine face à la promotion de l’UE, par la voie conventionnelle, d’un renforcement de la protection et du respect des DPI. Malgré la convergence accrue des positions européenne et chinoise favorables à la protection « ADPIC-plus » des DPI, la Chine se montre réticente voire hostile envers les initiatives conventionnelles de l’UE tendant à renforcer les mesures relatives au respect des DPI<br>Despite the improvement of China’s intellectual property rights (IPR) regime after this country’s World Trade Organization (WTO) accession in 2001, the IPR remains one of “major concerns” in Sino-European trade relation. According to European strategy for the enforcement of intellectual property rights in third countries, adopted in 2005 and renewed in 2014, China is identified by the European Commission as first priority country, in which the local authority does not take effective measures to tackle the problems caused by IPR violations. Taking into account the EU’s important political and economic concerns, his action is necessary in order to improve the IPR regime and the investment environment in China. The analysis of EU’s external action is based on the instruments used to strengthen IPR’s protection and enforcement in China. The purpose of our research is to examine the EU’s method to use the different instruments within the multilateral and bilateral fora. Two distinct but complementary axes orientate the undertaking of EU’s external action vis-à-vis China: cooperative approach, on the one hand, and the conventional approach, on the other hand. Firstly, the cooperative approach aims to bring Chinese legal system closer to higher standards in EU law. In spite of certain difficulties limiting the efficacy of EU external action, the bilateral cooperation with China can contribute to a better legal system in China. Then, the normative convergence should be able to facilitate the emergence of a common approach between the EU and China in the conventional framework. In this respect, it is important to emphasis Chinese divergent position with regard to EU’s conventional approach aiming to strengthen IPR protection and enforcement. Despite the increasing convergence of European and Chinese positions favorable toward “TRIPs-plus” protection, China seems reluctant even hostile to EU’s conventional initiatives intending to strengthen IPR enforcement measures
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Hsu, Po-Wei, and 許伯瑋. "Management Strategy of Digital Convergence for CHT-MOD." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/q936h4.
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碩士<br>淡江大學<br>管理科學學系企業經營碩士在職專班<br>106<br>"Policy management" is a comprehensive management activity that combines the company''s vision, business philosophy, policies, objectives, strategies, and plans to achieve goals. Policy management is the company''s direction for the future. Through the development of goals and strategies, and according to the set guidelines, the company plans to implement the company''s limited resources from the top down to the company''s internal resources.
This paper adopts a case study approach to conduct research on the process of implementing the policy management of Chunghwa Telecom, and discusses how the management layer applies policy management, how managers conduct strategies, implement Plans, review and improve the process. The study found that effective policy management through Plan-Do-Check-Action will make the company''s vision and business philosophy more consistent with the market, and make case companies benefit from planned policies. Therefore, policy management can effectively enhance the centripetal force of the company''s internal organization and provide company-wide consensus.
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Yang, Hung-Chi, and 楊鴻志. "Emerging Business Development Strategy for Digital Convergence Home Automation." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94154079736651553687.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>高階公共管理組<br>97<br>Home automation (HA) products to control lights, air-conditioning, blinds, and door access have existed in small numbers as luxury goods to rich people for 30 years. Recently, however, Internet getting popular and a new breed of standards-based wireless technologies plus nation’s GDP growth, has led to the demand of home automation products for a new mainstream consumer market where people has living quality requirement.
This research adopts structure – Conduct- Performance (SCP) model to analyze home automation industry and its competition. Besides, concluded from customer need survey result from interview with builders, architects, electrical technicians and interior designers, this research then identifies key success factor (KSF). To maintain a sustainable competitive advantage this research moreover does Taiwanese home automation SWOT analysis. According to HA’s KSF and SWOT analysis, with a case study, it shows how to architect its organization’s core competence, how to position in the value creation dynamics (VCD) that this research proposes, what the most suitable business model would be and surveyed by Chesbrough’s business model, and formulation of the business development strategy.
At last, this research has concluded as follows:
1. As home automation industry has been evolved and has enabled home to be getting more automated, digitalized, and intelligent, a new “Digital Convergence Home Automation” (DCHA) has been defined. Its scope includes traditional home automation industry, digital home, smart home, and E-home. DCHA consists of home network and its applications such as mechanical & electrical automated control , home security & surveillance, multimedia & content, sensor network, and remote managed home service like remote health care, and so on.
2. Home Automation key success factor would be:
a. Partnership with builders and interior designers
b. System integration capability
c. Elegant looking touch screens and wall switches
d. The system should be easy to use. Chinese user interface is a must in Taiwan and China.
e. Cabling & wiring inflexibility
f. Integration with ICT and architecture industry
3. Business development strategy includes HA products and branding:
a. To adopt disruptive innovation and open business model by taking Taiwanese ICT strengths through delegation and outsourcing to create cheaper and more simple & convenient HA products to disrupt current luxury segment and create a new mainstream market.
b. To start Taiwan as a home market to expand business to international.
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Chao, Tien-Chia, and 趙恬嘉. "Competitive Strategy of Cable TV Operators under Digital Convergence." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29365533364781548153.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>國際企業學研究所<br>95<br>Worldwide cable TV industries in developed countries, as a result of introducing new digital and broadband technologies, have kept the leading position among new media platforms. However, the Taiwanese government has passed laws which give the telecom industry opportunities to enter the TV industry by transmitting video images through Internet. Hence, Taiwan’s cable TV industry is facing challenges from IPTV (MOD), while consumers benefit from multi-channels and multi-platforms. Nowadays, cable TV companies provide “Triple Play” service to compete with other media. This research will discuss whether IPTV and digital terrestrial TV will substitute digital cable TV or not and if so, what are cable TV operators’.
After the horizontal and vertical integration of the cable TV industry, some big companies, such as Multiple System Operators (MSOs), control this industry very well. Also the MSOs have upgraded the infrastructure at a high speed. For example, at this moment, for the coming of the digital TV era and TV-commerce, MSOs are burning money on building the digital head-end and upgrading cable systems to 750 MHz hybrid fiber coaxial cable, so called HFC. Now, cable TV companies are more active in providing and developing high quality shows, interactive services, and TV-commerce. However, in view of current issues about digital TV, cable TV companies should consider developing their core competence when facing competition from other media.
Therefore, this thesis using the theoretical frameworks, such as Porter’s “Five Force theory” and “Value Net” concept from ”Brandenburger & Nalebuff’s “Co-opetition”, to analyze the cable TV industry development, with a particular focus on digital technology.. Although the analysis shows a great potential for Taiwan’s cable TV companies to expand into digital cable TV, there are problems and challenges which need to be solved. In this research, I suggest some competitive strategies illustrated by other cable TV companies in US, Korea, etc.
As the cable TV industry has stepped toward conglomeration and diversification recently; consumption behaviors and service contents have become the main issues to develop digital cable TV. Accordingly, the results of the study not only find cable TV companies’ core competence leading to the “differentiation” strategy, but also consider the effects of less control and greater rewards from the government. With high quality and differentiated “Triple play” service, consumers will be attracted and impressed by it. Thus, I believe digital cable TV will be the focus for the next digital era.
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Wang, Chi Ju, and 王琪如. "Research on TV News Broadcasting Strategy in Digital Convergence Environment." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79743041851522938820.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣師範大學<br>圖文傳播學系<br>105<br>When a major event occurs, media around the world live broadcast the events through television, radio, and even the internet. Audiences are no longer receiving coverage solely through television broadcast where they need to tune in at certain given times, but rather, they can freely view the broadcast through their smartphones or tablets anytime and anywhere. This is a change brought by digital convergence and has provided the media industry the opportunity to develop new innovations. Especially when TV news audiences gradually move towards watching and receiving news from the internet, it becomes imperative that television stations begin to critically think about what strategies to consider in response to this trend while digital convergence is still developing.
In order to discuss television news broadcast strategies in relation to digital convergence trends, this research interviewed managers and personnel who are involved in the decision making of operational strategies. In turn, this study can bring into understanding how digital convergence is changing television news, and any new strategies to be considered implementing.
This study found that under digital convergence, there is a loss of viewers and fewer young audiences, but it has also provided more ways to expand broadcast methods by merging the new and old, and present broadcast materials as internet content.TV stations still have a main objective of remaining profitable and need to continue to expand and strengthen its contents. In order to do so, the station needs to reduce costs, cooperate with others in the industry, make use of internal resources, use new technology and strengthening broadcasting technology as well as implement more staff training. TV stations will also need to push for live broadcasts, produce unique content, reproduce content to be internet accessible, as well as use anchors’ personalities to stand out from others. The points mentioned above are needed for TV stations to continue to enhance its brand visibility.
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Chung, Fu-Kuei, and 鍾福貴. "A study on Competitive Strategy for Telecom Operators toDigital Convergence." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96641171990604020492.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>資訊管理學研究所<br>96<br>The purpose of this study is to lead to appropriate competitive strategies to telecom operators in the trend of digital convergence. The study is carried out through two aspects. One is through case studies of foreign benchmark telecom operators. The other is to deeply analyze Taiwan telecom industry with PEST and Porter’s 5 force models
The contineous development of new technologies, rapid emergence of mobile and Internet service, deregulation of policy and open competition of telecom services contributed to digital convergence. Due to digital convergence, the dividing line between fixed-line and mobile, telecom and broadcasting have blured. Originally totally separated services have been becoming severe competition. Digital convergenc brings not only severe competition but also tremendous new business opportunities.
The study cases include BT, FT, NTT and KT, which are all global famous telecom operators. The study result reveals several important messages. The revenue from traditional voice services has declined dramatically. In order to maintain revenue growth, operators have to keep investing on new technology and providing innovative services to meet customer’s need. The organizations should be restructured from product-oriented to customer-oriented. Operators should try to become integrated service providers for getting operation synergy from providing both fixed-line and mobile services.
The industry analysis results in key successful factors, including key resources obtainment, regulator’s policy, customer scale, service innovation and integrated service of fixed-line and mobile.
The biggest challenge to operators is the new regulation policy. Regulation will significantly effect industry competition and development. A good regulation can benefit both operators and customers from digital convergence. How to effectively communicate with regulatory body is a critical issue to operators, especially to major service providers.
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Hsu, Chih-Wei, and 許智偉. "A Study on Technology Firm’s Strategic Responses Facing Industry Convergence: The Case of Intel’s Strategy Evolution." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91246656315804120793.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>國際企業管理組<br>102<br>When facing the opportunities and challenges imposed by industry convergence coming from technology/business model innovation and de-regulation, it is crucial to recognize the change and discountinuity in industry properties. Corporates need to re-evaluate, extend and adjust its core competence as well as creating new horizontal competence through strategic alliance, M&;A and VC investment in order to keep competitive advantage.
In this study, we first review Intel’s core competence that has been built up during the PC era. With these competences, Intel set forth her strategy in internet era by leveraging her pricing power through using processer’s value and grow shipment enhancing with network externality. Given price power and quantity, Intel monetizes her growth in network economics.
Using the same rationale, Intel extends her “product complement” convergence in mobile computing industry, but its core products suffer serious competition from others using “substitute technology” and “subsitue product”. Intel also lost WiMAX war because she is unfamiliar with the nature of telecommunication industry. Therefore, Intel gradually became a follower rather than a leader as she originally planned to be.
After new CEO Brian on borad, we expect to see that Intel will change its course of growth from industry convergence to being a key semiconductor supplier. And Intel will repack her strength in technology leadership, scale and efficiency in order to return to mobile computing market.
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Lo, Yeou Chen, and 羅友成. "A Study on Competitive Strategy of Taiwan Telecom Operators Facing Digital Convergence." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57551633443313573688.
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碩士<br>長庚大學<br>企業管理研究所亞太營運管理組<br>99<br>The trends of liberalization in telecommunications and deregulation of inter-industry rules have fostered digital convergence in recent years. This study investigates the convergence of telecommunication, television and internet in Taiwan. Two major players, Taiwan Mobile and Chunghwa Telecom, are studied by using case study method to analyze their perforamce and identify corresponding successful factors of each telecommunication company in this digital convergence era.
According to the business strategy model of Robinson（2005）, this study identifies the respective competition strategies of the two telecommunication companies. The convergence strategy of Taiwan Mobile focus on “digital TV” and “mobile value-added services.” They use merger and acquisition to win superiority in the digital TV market. Chunghwa Telecom, however, controls the “last mile” in the market. Leveraging on the last mile control, Chunghwa Telecom has developed related digital convergence services （e.g., FTTx, a broadband transmission technology which becomes the foundation of data transmission.）They also continue strethening and integrating the services and contents of MOD, Hinet and mPro to make a more complete ditigal convergence strategy.
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Lin, Chun Chieh, and 林俊捷. "The Competitive Strategy of Fixed Mobile Convergence Networks - A Case of CHT Company." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45950323755158837404.
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李根國. "A Study of Fixed Mobile Convergence (FMC) to Create Fixed Line Operator Bule Ocean Strategy." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49938238179584361914.
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Moon, Euy Hyun. "Strategy in the era of digitalization and industry convergence: the case of the media and telecommunications industries." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/129100.
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The media and telecommunications industries have witnessed significant transformations due to digitalization. New players entered their market with over-the-top (OTT)services like WhatsApp disrupting the telecommunications industry and Netflix disrupting the media industry. But how did we get there? Strictly speaking, by means of industry convergence. Boundaries between industries are blurring, increasing the competition. An extensive research of the phenomenon is combined with practical examples from the media and telecommunications industries. Strategies chosen by companies from both industries point out the importance of staying competitive against OTT services.
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Mayanglambam, Sushilata Devi, and 蘇禧. "Trading Strategy of Mutual Funds Based on Turbulent Particle Swarm Optimization and Moving Average Convergence - Divergence." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96448265173082242230.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>資訊工程系<br>99<br>A mutual fund is a bundle of investments (whether stocks, bonds, money, art, precious metals). These investments are managed professionally and shares of the mutual fund are sold to the public. This allows mutual fund holders to diversify among many companies instead of owning a single stock. Mutual funds have become the most popular products for diversity of investment. Traditionally, people are used to analyze the historical data and the market manually, however the return is not convincing most of the time and the risk factor is very high. Hence, a successful trading strategy is necessary to achieve the profit and good market forecast. In this thesis, an efficient and simple trading strategy model is designed based on optimization algorithm, Turbulent Particle Swarm Optimization (TPSO) in combination with technical indicators namely Moving Average Convergence-Divergence (MACD). To check the stability and performance of the proposed technique, different window sizes (different time periods) of training data are used. From the experimental finding, it turns out that proper duration of training period is very important to achieve better profit and seven years training period gives the best performance in comparison with other window sizes. The performance of each fund on average has been improved more than the original about 38% and 22% for 7 and 8 years training period respectively in testing phase.
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Horng, Yih-Hann, and 洪逸翰. "Business Strategy of Telecommunications Industry in Digital Convergence–A Case Study of Taiwan Mobile Co., LTD." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56375613566402437578.
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碩士<br>大同大學<br>資訊經營學系(所)<br>98<br>In recent years, due to innovation of information technology, broadband usage of mobile communications and Internet services, caused gradual deregulation in telecom industry, monopolistic telecommunications services being opened and come out digital convergence in telecom industry, so that a clear distinction between industry of fixed-line, mobile and cable TV, becomes blurred. In current telecom market, telecom companies are no longer providing only one service or product, environment of telecom industry become more complex and competitive, but also bring unlimited new opportunities.
This research will focus on trend of Digital Convergence, explore strategies and SWOT of competitive carriers and apply Porter's Value-Chain models in-depth to analyze domestic telecom industry and competitive environment in order to conclude key success factors.
Through analysis of domestic carriers, and case studies of Taiwan Mobile Co., Ltd (TWM), had found that intensive competition caused revenues declined significantly in traditional voice service; to maintain business growth, telecom company requires huge capital investment in new technologies and innovative services which can meet customer demand; restructuring organization so that providing services can be significantly adjusted from product-oriented into customer-oriented; Telecom industry should be changed qualitatively into an integrated telecommunications service provider; Telecom companies should provide both fixed-line and mobile services in order to gain operational synergy. Had derived critical success factors are: effectiveness of cross-industry mergers and acquisitions, scale of end users, customer-oriented service, developing innovative services and integrating fixed-line with mobile.
Keywords: Digital convergence, strategy,telecom
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Hou, Ming-Kang, and 侯銘罡. "The Analyzing of Competitive Advantage and Competitive Strategy of Terrestrial Broadcasting Companies in Digital Convergence Age." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85250635178979524094.
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碩士<br>元智大學<br>資訊傳播學系<br>96<br>Terrestrial TV has been launched since 1930 and made a great impact on human life style, it not only become the source of entertainment and information for every family, but also become a necessity of life gradually. Since 1990, the internet started to be well developed, it also become an important part of life inch by inch with the convenience of message transmission.
In the era of digital convergence, digital television, internet and telecommunications, three majors of network, make cross-border of access channel and services because of bandwidth upgrade and video compression technology developed. Internet can provide cross-media services such as TV programs, which makes television broadcasters have to face the media revolution. Therefore, how to find out correct competitive strategy to enhance the value and function of terrestrial television stations in the media industry has become a very important issue. This paper will focus on how the major terrestrial TV industry finds the right competitive strategy in the digital convergence era. This study documents is under the depth interviews and analysis of data collection to Porter’s (1980) five competitive strategy analysis theory of a traditional television’s greatest competitive advantage in the digital convergence. The initial conclusion is that the internal organizations of those terrestrial TV have to make the basic differences, build low-cost and focus on the audio-visual program supply capacity in order to maintain competitive advantage and position. In addition, they also have to develop multi-platform cooperation services in order to further the pursuit of growth and diversification operation.
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Kuan, Pei-Chun, and 管培鈞. "The Study of Investment Strategy Considering The Uncertainty of The Convergence of Basis at Maturity Date." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64786034677924796788.
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碩士<br>中原大學<br>工業與系統工程研究所<br>98<br>Though future market is originally used for hedge, investors can still get profit from the operation in reverse direction between spot and future according to basis due to the existence of arbitrage opportunities. Basis is spot price minus futures price,and deemed as very important information in future market. Theoretically, basis in maturity should be 0. Thus, the profit should be the basis as enter the market at the beginning. However, in reality, basis in maturity doesn’t equal to 0. Error of tail convergence exists and possibly causes profit not to reach expectation of investors when offset. Hence, we want to find the priority signal indexes whose emergence can provide reference for investors to increase arbitrage opportunities, and to get more profit in arbitrage opportunity. Being a method widely used in financial market, technical analysis applies statistical principles into producing numbers and graphs indices according to historical data, among which, stochastics (KD) and relative strength index (RSI) are indices commonly adopted by investors. Stochastics (KD) value is price index and relative strength index (RSI) is quantity index. We thought that the error of tail convergence is associated with price and quantity, so choose these two indices as the priority signal indexes.
According to historical data of basis in maturity, it says basis conforms to normal distribution. Thus, we establish confidence interval for basis and one expected profit threshold. When confidence interval exceeds such threshold, we will make judgment through priority signal indexes and choose entering the market or not. Because market can’t be traded, we will replace market by Exchange Traded Funds (ETF) and conduct empirical operation on future and then discuss strategic profiting cases.
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方姿堯. "From conflict to convergence － writting strategy and cultural significance of the book "Eastern Western Monthly Magazine"." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19628711483495013480.
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Seng, Youradin. "Towards ASEAN Bank Governance Coherence: Theories of Convergence in Corporate Governance." Thesis, 2022. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/44705/.
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The ASEAN Banking Integration program aims to enable banks to operate freely and receive equal treatment as local banks operating across ASEAN. However, due to the lack of banking regulations, such as corporate governance guidelines, banking integration is limited to reciprocal bilateral agreements. This research identifies the gap in bank corporate governance rules across ASEAN based on the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision’s (BCBS) Corporate Governance Principles for Banks, and assessed the value of theories of convergence in corporate governance to achieve increased coherency. An original contribution of the study is its development of a single standard indices of bank corporate governance for ASEAN. Academically, this study contributes to knowledge by contributing original research into the corporate governance of ASEAN banks and validating convergence theories in corporate governance in the ASEAN context. Also, the study results provided policy and practical advice for ABIF workgroups, regulators at the national level, and banks in approaching a single standard of bank corporate governance. A single rulebook containing bank regulations applicable to all banks is the key to achieving ASEAN’s goal of an integrated financial and banking system across the region.
This research is an exploratory project characterized by a qualitative study and case study methodology. The first section of the study is based on a methodology from previous studies
“Law and Finance” (LaPorta, Silanes & Shleifer 1998) and “Corporate Governance in ASEAN Financial Corporations - Illusion or Reality” (Chuanrommanee & Swierczek 2007) which involved content analysis and indices development. The content of documents (laws, regulations, guidelines, and notifications) of each country were scrutinized and interpreted through a systematic classification process according to the content analysis approach, and certain patterns of bank governance rules across ASEAN countries were identified in respect to the developed indices. It is noted that the indices are based on the “BCBS’s Corporate Governance principles for Banks” consisting of 56 criteria that were used to evaluate six attributes of corporate governance. These attributes were derived from the stakeholder theory which is core to the organization of banking institutes. The development of the corporate governance indices was guided by an analytical framework for policy research. The assessment of the indices via scalogram analysis and univariate data indicators involved the measurement of dispersion, percentile analysis, scatterplots, the normal distribution bellshape curve, and a box-chart. These techniques allowed the description of the data from different perspectives.
The second section of the study focused on the application of convergence theories in corporate governance to the country profiles (in terms of the data obtained such as aggregate foreign/domestic share ownership, loan portfolios by sector, political stability indicators, etc) and the assessment of the likelihood of bank governance convergence was based on the theories. The type of data used were secondary data. Information on bank corporate governance was drawn from legal documents and each country’s consolidated banking data. The cornerstone data were bank governance principles that were instrumentalized in the form of laws, regulations, guidelines, and notifications by the national banking supervisory authorities of each ASEAN countries and numerical data from the authority’s online database and Orbis database. In terms of the data source, data were accessed electronically via public databases through the official websites of the banking supervisory authority of each country (other sources are cited accordingly) and the Orbis online database.
The study results suggested that bank governance rules are diverse across all ASEAN countries. Of the 56 assessed criteria, only two governance rules were common to all the studied countries. These were that cases that the board should approve the selection of the CEO and banks should establish a risk committee. There were also variances in terms of each country’s commitment to strengthening bank corporate governance. One of the contributing factors was the depth and stage of the development of a country’s financial sector. Another was the level of a country’s compliance with the BCBS’s governance principles for banks. For instance, Brunei, Singapore, and the Philippines were most compliant with BCBS’s principles with compliance rates of 88%, 73%, and 64% respectively. Myanmar was the least compliant country and accounted for only 20% of the overall compliance rate.
Based on the study of four premises about legal systems, political conditions, cultural traits, and economics, the study suggested that there was a tendency towards convergence of the bank governance rules across ASEAN and that the adoption of a single standard was possible. Nevertheless, in order to approach a single rulebook of bank governance, several factors should be brought to the attention of the regulatory bodies and the ASEAN ABIF working group, such as differences in legal systems and political conditions, while the most important element was commitment and political will toward integration. The study also suggested that the most viable and optimal model for ASEAN is a hybrid model of governance convergence. This model requires benchmarking with the international standard and complements the features and conditions of ASEAN identities in terms of legal systems, financial sector development stages, regulator cooperation at a regional level, etc. Further characteristics of the proposed hybrid model are suggested for future research.
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Ziqubu, A. B. "Strategy implementation challenges facing Southern African Development Community (SADC) Payment System project: case study." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/139.
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This study discusses the case of modernising the Southern African
Development Community (SADC) regional payments system facilitated by the
SADC Payment System Project. The long-term objective is to have
harmonised cross-border and inter-bank settlement systems to facilitate the
economic activity such as supporting the flow of trade within the SADC region.
The SADC Payment System Project purports to have adopted a strategic
management process to achieve its mandate. The modernisation process is in
line with the Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan (RISDP). The
aim of the RISDP is to provide strategic direction with respect to various
SADC programmes and activities and to align the strategic objectives and
priorities of SADC with the policies and strategies for achieving its long-term
goals.
The concept of payment, clearing and settlement system is explained to
provide the context within which the national payment system fits in the
economic system and its role towards economic development.
The first objective of the study is to discuss the strategic management
process. The objective of the discussion is to reflect how the strategic
management theoretical constructs were translated into practice.
The second objective of the study is to explore the environmental and country
internal factors that are likely to impact on and delay the fully harmonised
regional cross-border and inter-bank settlement systems.
Although not exhaustive, the identified factors include;
- The structural arrangements of country- specific teams that support the
modernisation initiatives,
- The availability of skills and capacity to harness the implemented
systems within each member country in the SADC region.
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- The influence of foreign fund donors, as a result of a possible
duplication of efforts,
- The repair state of power supply and communication networks,
- The supporting legal and regulatory regimes,
- The forms of economic systems,
- The influence and the extent of trade flows with the SADC region, and
- The resilience banking networks in the facilitation of financial
information flows within each member country and externally
(internationally).
The target population of central bank officials who also take an active role in
the modernisation of SADC regional payments systems were requested to
provide feedback on the prepared questionnaire to address the above factors.
The responses provided are summarised in Chapter 5. It was clear from the
responses that the identified factors appeared to pose little challenge for
respective member countries. However, additional comments by respondents
indicated that there is still a lot of groundwork to be covered. There was an
evidence of the need for on-going training in payment systems and to improve
communication networks and power supply within each member country,
especially on the remote country areas/rural areas. Some members also
hinted a warning on developing systems, which would have a potential to
become white elephants if other sectors are not developed in parallel to the
regional payment systems.<br>Graduate School of Business Leadership<br>M.B.L.
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Li, Cong. "Evolution of cooperation in evolutionary games with the opting-out strategy and under random environmental noise." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24642.
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Dans cette thèse, nous étudions les effets d'un environnement stochastique et de l'utilisation d'une stratégie d'opting-out sur l'évolution de la coopération dans les jeux évolutionnaires. La thèse contient 8 articles, dont 6 sont déjà publiés dans des revues avec comité de lecture. Outre l'introduction, la thèse est divisée en deux parties, la partie 1 composée de 5 articles et la partie 2 de 3 articles.
La partie 1 étudie l'impact de gains randomisés dans les jeux évolutionnaires. L'article 1 introduit les concepts de stabilité pour les jeux avec matrice de paiement aléatoire 2x2 dans des populations infinies avec des générations discrètes sans chevauchement dans un environnement stochastique. On y donne les conditions pour qu'un équilibre, sur la frontière ou à l'intérieur du simplexe des fréquences des stratégies, soit stochastiquement localement stable ou instable. L'article 2 étend les résultats de l'article 1 au cas où la valeur sélective est une fonction exponentielle du gain attendu suite à des interactions aléatoires par paires et montre que, de manière inattendue, le bruit aléatoire environnemental peut rompre un cycle périodique et favoriser la stabilité d'un équilibre intérieur. L'article 3 discute des effets de la sélection faible. Alors que les conditions de stabilité dans un environnement aléatoire reviennent aux conditions du cas déterministe lorsque l'intensité de la sélection diminue, les fluctuations aléatoires des gains peuvent accélérer la vitesse de convergence vers un équilibre stable sous une sélection plus faible. L'article 4 applique la théorie de la stabilité évolutive stochastique à un jeu randomisé de dilemme du prisonnier. On y montre que l'augmentation de la variance des gains de défection est propice à l'évolution de la coopération. L'article 5 étudie les jeux matriciels randomisés dans des populations finies et donne les conditions pour que la sélection favorise l'évolution de la coopération dans le contexte du jeu randomisé de dilemme du prisonnier.
La partie 2 considère un jeu répété de dilemme du prisonnier dans le cas où un comportement d'opting-out est adopté par chaque joueur dans les interactions par paires. L'article 6 étudie la dynamique évolutive de la coopération et de la défection dans ce contexte et montre une possible coexistence à long terme, en supposant une population infinie et un équilibre rapide (en fait, instantané) dans les fréquences des paires. L'article 7 rapporte des résultats expérimentaux avec 264 étudiants universitaires utilisant la stratégie d'opting-out qui soutiennent la prédiction théorique d'une coexistence à long terme de coopération et de défection. L'article 8 étend l'analyse du modèle avec la stratégie d'opting-out au cas d'une population finie et fournit une preuve rigoureuse des deux échelles de temps pour les fréquences de coopération et de défection d'une part et les fréquences de paires de stratégies d'autre part.<br>In this thesis, we study the effects of a stochastic environment and the use of an opting-out strategy on the evolution of cooperation in evolutionary games. The thesis contains 8 articles, among which 6 are already published in peer-reviewed journals. Apart from the introduction, the thesis is divided into two parts, Part 1 made with 5 articles and Part 2 with 3 articles.
Part 1 studies randomized payoffs in evolutionary games. Article 1 introduces stability concepts for 2x2 matrix games in infinite populations undergoing discrete, non-overlapping generations in a stochastic environment and gives conditions for an equilibrium, either on the boundary or in the interior of the simplex of all strategy frequencies, to be stochastically locally stable or unstable. Article 2 extends the results of Article 1 to the case where fitness is an exponential function of expected payoff in random pairwise interactions and shows that, unexpectedly, environmental random noise can break a periodic cycle and promote stability of an interior equilibrium. Article 3 discusses the effects of weak selection. While stability conditions in a random environment return to conditions in the deterministic case as selection intensity diminishes, random fluctuations in payoffs can accelerate the speed of convergence toward a stable equilibrium under weaker selection. Article 4 applies stochastic evolutionary stability theory to a randomized Prisoner's dilemma game and shows that increasing the variance in payoffs for defection is conducive to the evolution of cooperation. Article 5 studies randomized matrix games in finite populations and gives conditions for selection to favor the evolution of cooperation in the context of a randomized Prisoner's dilemma.
Part 2 considers a repeated Prisoner's dilemma game with an opting-out behavior adopted by every player in pairwise interactions. Article 6 studies the evolutionary dynamics of cooperation and defection in this context and shows possible long-term coexistence, assuming an infinite population and fast (actually, instantaneous) equilibrium in the pair frequencies. Article 7 reports experimental results with 264 university students using the opting-out strategy that support the theoretical prediction of a long-term coexistence of cooperation and defection. Article 8 extends the analysis of the model with the opting-out strategy to the case of a finite population and provides a rigorous proof of the two-time scales for the frequencies of cooperation and defection on one hand and the frequencies of strategy pairs on the other.
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Pillay, Kiru. "An exploratory study of strategic planning for digital convergence in selected South African enterprises." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/7675.
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This research study is focused on the strategic planning process for digital convergence in South African enterprises; it analyses the sophistication of digital convergence plans by interrogating the ‘how’ and ‘what’ of organisation’s planning systems. Three research areas are probed: the planning process, the planning steps and the benefits and barriers of convergence, both anticipated and experienced.
The planning process i.e. the ‘how’ is interrogated with respect to the following planning process dimensions: formalisation, consistency, flow, focus, participation and comprehensiveness. The ‘what’ identifies the relevant convergence planning steps, and additionally determines whether specific activities to identify the benefits, barriers and implementation issues related to these convergence initiatives, are included. The study also identifies and compares the benefits and barriers of convergence, both anticipated and experienced.
While extensive research has been conducted into the technological aspects of convergence, there is a lack of research into the planning aspects, especially the extent to which organisations are strategically planning for convergence. The results from this study will assist organisations reflect on their planning process and will enable organisations understand weaknesses and strengths within their planning process for convergence. This study also proposes an enhanced model for convergence planning
This study is exploratory in nature with the intention to look for patterns and to gain familiarity with the area of strategic planning for convergence. The study is based on a series of semi-structured in-depth interviews with organisations that have implemented, or are in the process of implementing, a converged infrastructure. There are 3 main sections after the introductory chapter. The first section (chapter 2) discusses the concepts that support digital convergence and identifies some of the numerous definitions of convergence that exist in the literature. It expands on the strategic nature of convergence and importantly, presents the contributions and shortcomings of previous research.
The next section (chapter’s 3 and 4) justifies the primarily qualitative approach selected for this study and defines the data analysis strategy. The last section (chapter’s 5 and 6) presents the findings from the interviews and presents the concluding remarks.