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Nzabonimpa, Jean Providence. "Quantitizing and qualitizing (im-)possibilities in mixed methods research." Methodological Innovations 11, no. 2 (2018): 205979911878902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2059799118789021.
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Mixed methods research has gained momentum over the past decade, but critics rightly charge that the integration of qualitative and quantitative data remains an unresolved methodological issue. While each of the dualistic and canonized methodological paradigms has its own way of handling analysis, researchers in mixed methods as a new paradigm have invested considerable efforts in more complex mixed analysis. They use the quantitizing of qualitative data and qualitizing of quantitative data as the strategies to effect data integration in mixed methods research. While attempts have been made to achieve quantitizing and qualitizing of data, few empirical studies have been conducted in a two-phase convergent parallel mixed methods design to investigate such data conversion approaches, especially dichotomization, within a single inquiry. To contribute to this ongoing methodological quest, this article explores the possibilities and impossibilities offered by either strategy to convert narratives into numerical data and numerical data into narratives.
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Cabig, Julius Clyde, and Linagyn Gementiza-Cubio. "Attitudes of Students towards Learning Geometry: A Mixed Method Study." Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal 32, no. 6 (2025): 711–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14921898.
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Attitudes towards learning the subject play a crucial role in students’ engagement in class. Knowing the attitudes of students towards learning geometry can help identify the pedagogical approach and the support needed for their personal and professional development. However, research on the status of students’ attitudes towards learning geometry is limited. The study aimed to describe the lived experiences of mathematics teacher education students in a local college on their geometry attitudes. This study engaged mixed method design, utilizing a parallel convergent approach. The participants of the study were the mathematics education students from first year to third year. There were 212 students who were randomly selected for quantitative and 14 for the qualitative. Based on the results of the study, it was determined that the status of student’s attitude towards learning geometry is high. The results from the quantitative and qualitative converged when they were being corroborated. The results confirms that mathematics major students appreciate geometry for its practical applications in daily life and future careers. Their genuine interest in the subject fosters’ confidence, leading to higher academic achievements. Moreover, the students find enjoyment in exploring the diverse and relevant topics within geometry, further enhancing their learning experience. The findings suggest that students should develop a strong grasp of geometry and cultivate a keen interest in learning the subject, students may regularly practice geometric problems, use extra learning materials like books and online resources, solve real-life geometry problems to see its practical uses, and stay curious and persistent when facing difficulties. This approach will help them build confidence and develop a positive attitude towards geometry.
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Adhikari, Ramesh, and Tatwa Prasad Timsina. "An Educational Study Focused on the Application of Mixed Method Approach as a Research Method." OCEM Journal of Management, Technology & Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (2024): 94–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ocemjmtss.v3i1.62229.
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This paper introduces and analyses a mixed-methods approach and further analyses the strengths and limitations of the convergent parallel design in the educational research studies. Our study serves a valuable purpose in clear patterns, trends, and statistical association relevant to the impact of independent variables on dependent variables throughout the course of the study. Concurrently, this research design facilitates a holistic comprehension of the research problem by enabling a complicated examination from various perspectives. The analysis of this paper is based on books, articles, dissertations, and online papers where different research methods are applied in different studies. The analysis highlights that qualitative and quantitative data are collected simultaneously and independently in a convergent parallel mixed methods design. It is followed by integrating and comparing the two data types during the analysis and interpretation phase. The analysis further highlights that a quantitative survey could be administered to a larger population sample to collect numerical data based on the research questions and other relevant variables. The analysis also suggests that once the data collection is completed, the author should independently conduct separate analyses for the quantitative and qualitative data. The analysis signifies that quantitative analysis can cover descriptive statistics, inferential tests, and binary logistic regression analysis to analyze the quantitative data and identify significant associations between the independent and dependent variables. The qualitative data analysis method is content analysis to identify codes, key codes, subcategories, and main categories within the qualitative data. The analysis shows that during the integration phase, a comparative analysis has to be conducted between the quantitative and qualitative findings to identify convergence, divergence, and contrast points between the two data sets. The results highlight that a triangulation approach supports establishing a cohesive analysis, which involves exploring the interconnections and mutual reinforcement between the qualitative and quantitative outcomes in the same format with more clarity. The analysis of this integrated analytical effort is subsequently incorporated into the discussion section. The analysis further indicates that the convergent parallel design is one of the mixed methods designs. In this section, the author’s responsibility lies in elucidating the consequences and interpretations drawn from the integrated results, encompassing theoretical foundations and practical implications.
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Mosquida, Febie Marie, and Kristy Jane Muegna. "Exploring Gender Equality Awareness among Education Students: A Convergent Parallel Mixed-Methods Study." Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal 30, no. 2 (2025): 368–94. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14604063.
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The study aimed to determine the level of knowledge that education students possess regarding gender equality, focusing on their knowledge, practices, and attitudes among men, women, and members of LGBTQ+. Utilizing a mixed-methods design with a parallel convergent approach, the research engaged 304 students across various disciplines—78 generalists, 97 English majors, 77 Filipino majors, and 52 mathematics students—selected through stratified sampling for quantitative data. For qualitative insights, 17 participants were purposefully chosen, comprising ten for in-depth interviews and seven for focus group discussions. Results, with the use of descriptive analysis, indicated a high overall awareness of gender equality among education students. Through a process of coding and condensing the code, gender-based expectations, discrimination, the need for equal treatment, alongside challenges in career development due to gender norms, the importance of embracing diverse identities, role modeling, empowering students through experiences, and enhancing advocacy for gender equality. This highlights the complexity of awareness and the need for actionable practices among future educators. The results from the quantitative and qualitative analysis converged when they were corroborated. Education workshops as a form of intervention scheme emerged.
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Huang, Yuanyuan, Yuhan Wang, and Younghwan Pan. "Investigating consumers’ experiences with community supported agriculture: Convergent parallel design methods." PLOS ONE 19, no. 5 (2024): e0303184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0303184.
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Community-supported agriculture (CSA) represents a collaborative model where local farms and community members form partnerships to facilitate the direct delivery of fresh produce from farms to consumers. This study primarily investigates the experiences of current CSA members, focusing on the key factors influencing their retention intentions. Employing a convergent parallel mixed methods approach, this study gathers and analyzes both quantitative data (such as factors affecting members’ retention intentions) and qualitative data (derived from interviews reflecting members’ perceptions of their CSA experiences). The integration of these datasets provides a comprehensive understanding of the factors that shape CSA membership dynamics. The research findings underscore that Convenience, Product Quality, and Positive Interactions are pivotal factors that contribute to members’ Intentions to continue their CSA memberships. These insights are crucial for enhancing the services provided to CSA members and hold significant implications for the broader scope of CSA membership research. This study not only fills a critical gap in understanding the Chinese CSA context but also contributes to the global discourse on sustainable agriculture practices and community engagement.
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Titular, Keith Ayrand. "Convergent Parallel Mixed Methods Study of Emotional Well-Being in Philippine Drag Performers." Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal 34, no. 1 (2025): 73–92. https://doi.org/10.70838/pemj.340106.
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This convergent parallel mixed-method research aimed to determine the relationship between emotional well-being and personal growth among drag performers in the Philippines. Using snowball sampling, thirty (30) drag performers in Metro Manila were the respondents, whereas, in the qualitative phase, five (5) drag performers were the participants with ages ranging from 18-50 years and an experience of at least six months or more. The results revealed that respondents had an Average Level (3.36) of Emotional Well-being and a Very High (5.31) level of Personal Growth. There was no significant relationship (r=-.032, p=.867) between emotional well-being and personal growth among drag performers. Using semi-structured interview guide questions, the qualitative phase generated eight (8) themes, namely: Feeling Welcomed and Accepted; Mockery and Sexism; Emotional Distancing; Escape and Optimism; Passion and Purpose of Being a Drag Queen; Financial and Professional Challenges; Confidence Building; and Learning New Skills and Self-Acceptance. The integration phase revealed that because of social expectations and misconceptions about their art form, they frequently encountered prejudice and judgment. However, their passion for drag kept them going, fostering a stronger sense of resilience and self-acceptance. Certain performers have distinct coping strategies, as creative expression in the form of dance, makeup, and costume creation serves as a crucial coping mechanism. Emotional distancing and escape are two strategies in which performers remove themselves from uncomfortable circumstances. Furthermore, humor and optimism are important defense strategies against discrimination and mockery. The function of peer and community support, which provides strong, encouraging networks, is frequently emphasized within the drag community. The study's goal was to raise awareness of the emotional difficulties drag performers experience and the positive aspects of drag in their lives, ultimately providing actionable recommendations to help improve their overall well-being. The title of the proposed program is “Unapologetic Voices: Empowering Drag Performers.”
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Titular, Keith Ayrand. "Convergent Parallel Mixed Methods Study of Emotional Well-Being in Philippine Drag Performers." Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal 34, no. 1 (2025): 73–92. https://doi.org/10.70838/pemj.340106.
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This convergent parallel mixed-method research aimed to determine the relationship between emotional well-being and personal growth among drag performers in the Philippines. Using snowball sampling, thirty (30) drag performers in Metro Manila were the respondents, whereas, in the qualitative phase, five (5) drag performers were the participants with ages ranging from 18-50 years and an experience of at least six months or more. The results revealed that respondents had an Average Level (3.36) of Emotional Well-being and a Very High (5.31) level of Personal Growth. There was no significant relationship (r=-.032, p=.867) between emotional well-being and personal growth among drag performers. Using semi-structured interview guide questions, the qualitative phase generated eight (8) themes, namely: Feeling Welcomed and Accepted; Mockery and Sexism; Emotional Distancing; Escape and Optimism; Passion and Purpose of Being a Drag Queen; Financial and Professional Challenges; Confidence Building; and Learning New Skills and Self-Acceptance. The integration phase revealed that because of social expectations and misconceptions about their art form, they frequently encountered prejudice and judgment. However, their passion for drag kept them going, fostering a stronger sense of resilience and self-acceptance. Certain performers have distinct coping strategies, as creative expression in the form of dance, makeup, and costume creation serves as a crucial coping mechanism. Emotional distancing and escape are two strategies in which performers remove themselves from uncomfortable circumstances. Furthermore, humor and optimism are important defense strategies against discrimination and mockery. The function of peer and community support, which provides strong, encouraging networks, is frequently emphasized within the drag community. The study's goal was to raise awareness of the emotional difficulties drag performers experience and the positive aspects of drag in their lives, ultimately providing actionable recommendations to help improve their overall well-being. The title of the proposed program is “Unapologetic Voices: Empowering Drag Performers.”
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SARICAN, Elif. "Are the Learning Styles of Elementary School Students Related to Their Academic Success? A Study of Mixed Research Methods." International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies 8, no. 4 (2021): 110–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.52380/ijpes.2021.8.4.606.
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The aim of this study is to point out the relationship between learning styles and the academic. The purpose of this study is to show the relationship between learning styles and academic achievement of 4th grade elementary students. The study was designed according to the convergent parallel design, one of the mixed research designs in which quantitative and qualitative research methods are used together. While the quantitative and qualitative data are collected together in accordance with the convergent parallel design, the data analysis is presented separately in the results section. The study group of the research consists of 163 grade 4 primary school students, 74 girls (n=74) and 89 (n=89) boys, taught in a government primary school in Istanbul Turkey. To find out whether learning styles predict academic achievement, linear regression analysis was conducted. On the other hand, descriptive analysis and content analysis were used in the qualitative data analysis. In this study, it was found that learning styles predict academic achievement. It was also found that students tend to discover their own learning methods, and depending on which method they prefer, the academic area in which they succeed differs.
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Sharma, Dr Lok Raj, Sandesh Bidari, Dinesh Bidari, Sushil Neupane, and Rambabu Sapkota. "Exploring the Mixed Methods Research Design: Types, Purposes, Strengths, Challenges, and Criticisms." Global Academic Journal of Linguistics and Literature 5, no. 1 (2023): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/gajll.2023.v05i01.002.
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A mixed methods research design, which is a complex approach, combines both quantitative and qualitative data in a single study or succession of studies. This design can be particularly functional for exploring complex research questions that cannot be fully answered by using a single research design. Moreover, a mixed methods design is necessary to examine the relationships between different variables because examining the relationships between diverse variables is not viable just through a single research design. This design is required to complement and cater to the increasingly multifarious requirements of contemporary researchers. This article, which explores and discusses types, purposes, strengths, challenges and criticisms of the mixed methods research design as its objectives, stems from an analysis of some notable works in the field. It is grounded on the secondary qualitative data accumulated in the forms of words from journal articles and books related to the research designs. It assists the novices in the field of research in particular and other researchers in general by providing them with an overview of mixed methods design along with its types, such as convergent parallel, explanatory sequential, exploratory sequential, embedded, transformative and multi-phage designs.
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Amila NKK Gamage. "A comparative analysis of qualitative and mixed methods research: Strengths, limitations, and practical applications." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 25, no. 3 (2025): 2040–46. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2025.25.3.0947.
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This paper provides a comparative analysis of qualitative and mixed methods research designs, focusing on their strengths, limitations, and practical applications across various research fields. Qualitative research aims to understand individuals' experiences and behaviors through approaches such as case studies, phenomenology, grounded theory, and ethnography. While these methods offer rich, in-depth insights into complex human phenomena, they often lack generalizability. In contrast, mixed methods research integrates qualitative and quantitative techniques, allowing researchers to leverage the strengths of both paradigms for a more comprehensive understanding. This paper explores key mixed methods designs, including convergent parallel, exploratory sequential, and explanatory sequential approaches, and examines their implementation in research. By evaluating the strengths and challenges of each methodology, this study provides practical guidance on selecting and applying the most appropriate research approach based on the research problem and objectives. The findings emphasize the significance of methodological alignment in ensuring research rigor, enhancing validity, and producing well-rounded insights.
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Zhang, Zhidong, and Blanca Ibarra. "Mapping the Problem Statement and Study Purposes to the Quantitative Analysis: Insights From Mixed Methods Perspectives." Journal of Education and Development 8, no. 1 (2024): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/jed.v8i1.1408.
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This study introduces a novel approach to assess the quality of doctoral dissertations using a mixed methods design, specifically the convergent parallel model. Initially, the research focuses on qualitative data obtained from the context, research problem statement, and study purpose within a doctoral dissertation. As an example of quantitative data, the study examines self-confidence in creating a database based on years of experience using a questionnaire. The qualitative analysis employs semantic and thematic analysis techniques, revealing a clear alignment between the identified themes and the quantitative evidence. These findings underscore the effectiveness of the mixed methods approach in comprehensively evaluating the quality of doctoral dissertations.
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Brondfield, Sam, Kewchang Lee, and Patricia O'Sullivan. "The cognitive load of inpatient consults: A convergent parallel mixed methods study using the consult cognitive load instrument." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (2021): 11027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.11027.
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11027 Background: Consultation is crucial for inpatient care and a primary responsibility of fellows. Understanding the cognitive load associated with the complex skill of consultation would enhance fellow learning. The authors aimed to determine themes describing the fellow experience during consults, align these themes with Consult Cognitive Load (CCL) scores, and identify strategies to manage cognitive load. Methods: The authors studied 16 fellows using mixed methods. Fellows who accepted an invitation completed a consult followed by the CCL, a measure of cognitive load during consults, and an interview. Three authors conducted a thematic analysis. Member checks and triangulation with fellows supported theme trustworthiness. Subsequently, three authors rated the extent and cognitive demand of each theme expressed in each transcript. The authors measured interrater reliability and used Spearman correlation to describe the association of these ratings with CCL scores. The authors examined themes to identify strategies that educators might use. Results: Analysis revealed four themes: “nature and scope,” which conceptually aligned with intrinsic cognitive load (IL); “leveraging resources,” which had elements of both IL and extraneous cognitive load (EL); “extraneous factors,” which aligned with EL; and “drivers,” which aligned with germane cognitive load (GL). Interrater reliability for extent and demand ratings ranged from 0.57 to 0.79. The correlation between “nature and scope” and IL was 0.37, “extraneous factors” and EL 0.71, and “drivers” and GL 0.32. “Leveraging resources” did not correlate with IL (0.06) or EL (-0.09). Potential strategies based on themes included offering level-appropriate assistance to match IL, focusing the fellow’s attention to reduce EL, and providing succinct teaching to promote GL. Conclusions: This study provided deep insight into the fellow consult experience and suggested trustworthy strategies that educators can use to design and guide consult learning. The theme “leveraging resources” merits further exploration.
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Colditz, Jason B., Joel Welling, Noah A. Smith, A. Everette James, and Brian A. Primack. "World Vaping Day: Contextualizing Vaping Culture in Online Social Media Using a Mixed Methods Approach." Journal of Mixed Methods Research 13, no. 2 (2017): 196–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558689817702753.
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Few studies have demonstrated the use of mixed methods research to contextualize health topics using primary data from social media. To address this gap in the methodological literature, we present research about electronic nicotine delivery systems, using Twitter data from “World Vaping Day.” To engage with the quantitative breadth and qualitative depth of 5,149 collected tweets, we utilized a convergent parallel mixed methods framework, integrating thematic prevalence estimates with phenomenological contextualization. Sentiment was more positive than negative across all categories except policy related. A total of 23% of tweets were promotional and relatively few tweets related to tobacco use (4.9%) or health concerns (4.2%). Salient themes included modifying or upgrading electronic nicotine delivery systems devices, and general mistrust of public health advocates and tobacco companies.
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Agarwal, Anubha, Raji Devarajan, Salva Balbale, et al. "Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction Polypill Implementation Strategy in India: A Convergent Parallel Mixed Methods Study." Global Heart 19, no. 1 (2024): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/gh.1348.
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Introduction: A polypill-based implementation strategy has been proposed to increase rates of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. This has the potential to improve mortality and morbidity in India and undertreated populations globally. Methods: We conducted a convergent parallel mixed methods study integrating quantitative data from stakeholder surveys using modified implementation science outcome measures and qualitative data from key informant in-depth interviews. Our objective was to explore physician, nurse, pharmacist, and patient perspectives on a HFrEF polypill implementation strategy in India from January 2021 to April 2021. Quantitative and qualitative data were integrated to develop an Implementation Research Logic Model. Results: Among 69 respondents to the stakeholder survey, there was moderate acceptability (mean [SD] 3.8 [1.0]), appropriateness (3.6 [1.0]), and feasibility (3.7 [1.0]) of HFrEF polypill implementation strategy. Participants in the key-informant in-depth interviews (n = 20) highlighted numerous relative advantages of the HFrEF polypill innovation including potential to simplify medication regimens and improve patient adherence. Key relative disadvantages elucidated, include concerns about side effects and interruption of multiple GDMT medications due to polypill discontinuation for side effects or hospitalizations. Based on this data, the proposed implementation strategies in the Implementation Research Logic Model include 1) HFrEF polypills, 2) HFrEF polypill initiation, titration, and maintenance protocols, and 3) HFrEF polypill laboratory monitoring protocols for safety which we postulate will lead to desired clinical and implementation outcomes through multiple mechanisms including increased medication adherence to a single pill. Conclusion: his study demonstrates that a HFrEF polypill-based implementation strategy is considered acceptable, feasible, and appropriate among healthcare providers in India. We identified contextually relevant determinants, strategies, mechanism, and outcomes outlined in an Implementation Research Logic Model to inform future research to improve heart failure care in South Asia.
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Keller, Jennifer, Jean Kayira, Louise Chawla, and Jason L. Rhoades. "Forest Bathing Increases Adolescents’ Mental Well-Being: A Mixed-Methods Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21, no. 1 (2023): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21010008.
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Previous research has demonstrated that practicing forest bathing has significant positive effects on adult psychological well-being. Considering the ongoing adolescents’ mental health crisis of increasing anxiety and depression, determining whether forest bathing has similar effects on adolescents is an important expansion of forest bathing research. This study investigated the possibility that forest bathing could improve adolescents’ mental well-being and sought to determine participants’ experiences of forest bathing. It used a convergent, parallel, mixed-methods design that was partially co-created with 24 participants aged 16–18 as part of a youth participatory action research (YPAR) project in which participants practiced forest bathing three times over 3 weeks. As measured using the Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Survey, the mean participant mental well-being increased significantly after forest bathing, with moderate to large effect sizes. Participants described reduced stress and increased feelings of relaxation, peace, and happiness. These findings correlate with previous forest bathing research involving adult participants. It is recommended that educators and others who work with adolescents consider forest bathing as a simple, low-cost way to improve adolescents’ mental well-being.
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Nimes, John Francis, and Mary Ann Ronith Libago. "The Interplay of Teacher Effectiveness and Language Interest among English Teacher Education Students: A Convergent Parallel Study." Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal 29, no. 5 (2024): 712–58. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14546305.
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The study examined the lived experiences and coping mechanisms of English teacher education students in relation to teacher effectiveness in maintaining language interest. Using a mixed-method design with a parallel convergent approach, the research involved 214 students for quantitative data and 14 students for qualitative in which seven participated in in-depth interviews and the other seven joined the focus group discussions. Teacher effectiveness consisted by five indicators—subject matter knowledge, instructional planning, assessment, learning environment, and communication—obtained an overall mean with a descriptive equivalent of high. Language interest with attention, motivation, enjoyment, perception, and activities as the indicators garnered a descriptive equivalent of high. Both qualitative and quantitative results converged, revealing that factors like linguistic competence, instructional mastery, and engaging environments influenced students' experiences. To sustain language interest, students used strategies such as leveraging technology, building social support, engaging with challenging materials, and managing stress. The study emphasizes the critical role of teacher effectiveness in sustaining students' language interest and recommends that educators should enhance instructional methods and create engaging learning environments.
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Nicod, Elena, Laia Maynou, Erica Visintin, and John Cairns. "Why do health technology assessment drug reimbursement recommendations differ between countries? A parallel convergent mixed methods study." Health Economics, Policy and Law 15, no. 3 (2019): 386–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744133119000239.
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AbstractUsing quantitative and qualitative research designs, respectively, two studies investigated why countries make different health technology assessment (HTA) drug reimbursement recommendations. Building on these, the objective of this study was to (a) develop a conceptual framework integrating the factors explaining these decisions, (b) explore their relationship and (c) assess if they are congruent, complementary or discrepant. A parallel convergent mixed methods design was used. Countries included in both previous studies were selected (England, Sweden, Scotland and France). A conceptual framework that integrated and organised the factors explaining the decisions from the two studies was developed. Relationships between factors were explored and illustrated through case studies. The framework distinguishes macro-level factors from micro-level ones. Only two of the factors common to both studies were congruent, while two others reached discrepant conclusions (stakeholder input and external review of the evidence processes). The remaining factors identified within one or both studies were complementary. Bringing together these findings contributed to generating a more complete picture of why countries make different HTA recommendations. Results were mostly complementary, explaining and enhancing each other. We conclude that differences often result from a combination of factors, with an important component relating to what occurs during the deliberative process.
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Ummah, Dewi Mufidatul, Koentjoro Soeparno, and Rahmat Mamuasi. "Small Island Communities and Mount Gamalama: A Mixed Methods Analysis of Knowledge and Disaster." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1479, no. 1 (2025): 012034. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1479/1/012034.
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Abstract This mixed methods study discusses the knowledge and disaster preparedness of the Gamalama volcano among parents in one of the small islands in Eastern Indonesia, Ternate. This research consists of quantitative and qualitative stages with three studies and uses a mixed methods approach of convergent parallel designs. The quantitative research (survey) described parents’ disaster knowledge (N=338). The qualitative research consisted of an open-ended questions survey (N=338) and interviews (N=5) exploring aspects of parents’ disaster preparedness. The qualitative analysis found components of parental disaster preparedness not found in previous studies. This study has described the understanding of disaster knowledge and found seven aspects of parental preparedness for the Gamalama volcano disaster on the island of Ternate. The seven aspects of preparedness consist of 1) anticipatory emergency response plans, 2) knowledge, 3) supporting resources, 4) understanding early warning, 5) mental, 6) religiosity, and 7) local wisdom values. The religiosity and local wisdom aspects are different thematic findings from current disaster preparedness theories. Limitations of this compound study and suggestions for future research are also discussed.
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Toyama, Itsuko. "AGING AMONG JAPANESE OVERSEAS/EXPATRIATES: A COMPREHENSIVE MIXED METHODS STUDY." Innovation in Aging 8, Supplement_1 (2024): 979–80. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae098.3154.
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Abstract The challenges of aging for Japanese individuals living abroad have received limited attention in both Japan and their countries of residence, and they are underrepresented in academic research. This marginalization derives from the small population of Japanese expatriates and the ambiguity surrounding the term “Japanese,” as a nationality and cultural identity. As there are currently no available data on this topic, original research is necessary. Additionally, a holistic perspective is essential to approach aging as a life course. This study employs a convergent parallel mixed methods design to examine four Japanese communities in multicultural societies across the US, the UK, the Netherlands, and Brazil. Quantitative data were collected through nearly identical questionnaires on aging conditions and analyzed in Brazil (2002), the UK (2013), the Netherlands (2014), and New York (2018). Qualitative data, including interviews and oral histories, were collected in the respective communities since 1993. This presentation demonstrates the validity of using mixed methods in minority aging research. The comparison of quantitative research indicates ethnic strategies for supporting aging individuals and preserving dignity, including culturally oriented facilities or residences that use the Japanese language and offer food, activities, and care for older adult. Qualitative research interviews and oral histories reveal individual resilience in terms of aging and escaping isolation. For instance, some participants use their internment experiences to adapt to group living in a retirement or nursing home, while others maintain the hope of returning to Japan. Thus, the mixed methods approach provides a detailed and comprehensive conceptualization of aging.
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Martinez, Christian Jay, and Jr. Onorio Cagoco. "Delving User Trust in Utilizing of ChatGPT in Learning Among Elementary Education Students: A Mixed Methods Study." Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal 30, no. 1 (2024): 1–56. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14582068.
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The purpose of this undertaking was to invistegate the level of user trust among elementary education students at Kapalong College, Davao del Norte, as they integrate ChatGPT into their learning experiences. Also, the study aimed to explore the lived experiences of elementary education students in the utilization of ChatGPT in the preparation and creation of their learning tasks and assignments. This study engaged mixed method design, utilizing parallel convergent approach. The participants of the study were the elementary educations students from all year levels. There were 188 students who were randomly selected for quantitative and 14 for the qualitative: seven for in-depth interview and seven for focus group discussion which were purposively selected. Results revealed a high level of trust in ChatGPT's competence, reliability, and integrity, along with a strong intent among students to utilize it for various educational purposes. Actual usage encompassed tasks such as translation, creative writing, and academic discussions. The study underscores the positive perceptions and significant engagement with ChatGPT among students, indicating its potential as a valuable educational tool. By blending quantitative and qualitative methods, the research provides comprehensive insights into integration strategies, challenges, and recommendations, thereby enhancing the validity of its findings. Situated within the local context of Kapalong, Davao del Norte, the study offers actionable insights to improve teaching and learning, while also contributing to the global discourse on AI's role in education, enriching our understanding of its pedagogical implications.
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Khan, Faheem, Sadia Bibi, Asif Minhas, Ishrat Fatima, Ume Ruqia Saadat, and Naila Noreeen Kanwal. "Mixed Method Approach to Assess the Current Research Practices in Higher Education Institutions in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa." Current Research Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 6, no. 1 (2023): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crjssh.6.1.13.
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The current research paper aimed to investigate the current research practices in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Khyber PakhtunKhwa (KP). The study was Mixed Methods Research (MMR) and thereby convergent Parallel design was used. A sample 254 participants were taken out of 695 individuals through Yamane’s (Yamane, 1967) formula. A self-developed questionnaire, checklist and semi-structure interview were developed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used as inferential statistics to analysis the quantitative data while thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data. The result of study indicates that collaborative research environment in the HEIs. HEC approved supervisors available in the institutions. Thesis evaluation process found transparent but lengthy. The study found that paper publication is one of the difficult tasks for the teachers and students.
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Roca, Judith, Silvia Gros Navés, Olga Canet-Velez, et al. "Service Learning in the Nursing Bachelor Thesis: A Mixed-Methods Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (2022): 12387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912387.
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The Final Degree Project (FDP) is a module that, although intended for the completion of a bachelor thesis (BT), consists of theoretical and clinical teaching. Therefore, introducing service learning (SL) can support student adjustments to the real-world professional role. This study plans to evaluate a teaching innovation project that combines BT and SL through Kirkpatrick’s four-level model (reaction, learning, behaviour and results). It takes the form of a convergent parallel mixed-methods design study. The participants were 15 final-year students obtaining a Bachelor of Nursing degree, 4 BT supervising mentors and 4 nurses. At the request of a hospital institution, in their BT, students completed a review of evidence-based nursing protocols. For data collection, the researchers used: an SL questionnaire, student narratives, mentor field diaries and nurse interviews. According to student opinion, the results showed high satisfaction rates (4.44 out of 5), the most developed skills were Independent Work and Information Management, but they signal the need to reinforce the research methodology skills. Finally, positive feedback from all participants is that using SL promotes both the opinion that the BT is useful and also promotes a collaboration between academic and clinical settings.
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Keskinkılıç Kara, Sultan Bilge, Buse Şentürk, and Melike Pınarcıoğlu. "Benevolent Sexism Towards Female Teachers in Schools: A Mixed Methods Study." International Journal on Lifelong Education and Leadership 11, no. 1 (2025): 62–74. https://doi.org/10.25233/ijlel.1636983.
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This study investigates protective sexism behaviors directed towards female teachers in primary schools. Utilizing a convergent parallel mixed-methods design, the research was conducted with 226 teachers from public primary schools in Küçükçekmece, Istanbul, during the 2021-2022 academic year. To gather data, the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory was employed for quantitative measures, while qualitative insights were obtained through an open-ended question. For the quantitative analysis, descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, and one-way ANOVA were applied. Qualitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and document analysis. The findings revealed that teachers rated their experiences of heterosexual intimacy (HI) and gender-complementary differentiation (GCD) within protective sexism as “somewhat agree,” whereas protective patriarchy (PP) was rated as “somewhat disagree.” There were no significant variations in protective sexism levels based on gender, age, or professional experience. Qualitative results indicated that female teachers predominantly encountered protective sexism in the forms of protective patriarchy and gender-complementary differentiation. Protective sexism was notably expressed through protective patriarchy, often manifested in ways that aimed to ease women’s work lives. Both qualitative and quantitative findings suggest that protective patriarchy is the most prevalent form of protective sexism observed.
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Shumway, Jessica F., and Kerry E. Jordan. "Understanding Students' Computational Fluency: Synechistically Using Test Scores and Interviews for a Richer Picture." International Journal for Mathematics Teaching and Learning 19, no. 2 (2018): 159–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4256/ijmtl.v19i2.138.
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Mathematics education researchers are tasked with solving practical research problems involving complex constructs in complex settings. The effective integration of quantitative and qualitative data allows researchers to draw more nuanced conclusions about these complex phenomena. This article describes the use of a convergent parallel mixed methods design to integrate two seemingly conflicting data sources that measured six second-grade students' development of computational fluency. The mixed methods analysis of students' computational fluency assessments and interviews showed that there was variation in students' assessment scores, strategy use, and engagement of number sense. Within these variations, the quantitative and qualitative data converged or diverged at various measurement points, and the results highlight the importance of merging the two data sets to capture a richer picture of students' computational fluency. Implications for using mixed methods in understanding how mathematics learning occurs in classrooms are discussed.
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Luo, Tiffany Christina, Adrian Aguilera, Courtney Rees Lyles, and Caroline Astrid Figueroa. "Promoting Physical Activity Through Conversational Agents: Mixed Methods Systematic Review." Journal of Medical Internet Research 23, no. 9 (2021): e25486. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/25486.
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Background Regular physical activity (PA) is crucial for well-being; however, healthy habits are difficult to create and maintain. Interventions delivered via conversational agents (eg, chatbots or virtual agents) are a novel and potentially accessible way to promote PA. Thus, it is important to understand the evolving landscape of research that uses conversational agents. Objective This mixed methods systematic review aims to summarize the usability and effectiveness of conversational agents in promoting PA, describe common theories and intervention components used, and identify areas for further development. Methods We conducted a mixed methods systematic review. We searched seven electronic databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, ACM Digital Library, Scopus, and Web of Science) for quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies that conveyed primary research on automated conversational agents designed to increase PA. The studies were independently screened, and their methodological quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool by 2 reviewers. Data on intervention impact and effectiveness, treatment characteristics, and challenges were extracted and analyzed using parallel-results convergent synthesis and narrative summary. Results In total, 255 studies were identified, 7.8% (20) of which met our inclusion criteria. The methodological quality of the studies was varied. Overall, conversational agents had moderate usability and feasibility. Those that were evaluated through randomized controlled trials were found to be effective in promoting PA. Common challenges facing interventions were repetitive program content, high attrition, technical issues, and safety and privacy concerns. Conclusions Conversational agents hold promise for PA interventions. However, there is a lack of rigorous research on long-term intervention effectiveness and patient safety. Future interventions should be based on evidence-informed theories and treatment approaches and should address users’ desires for program variety, natural language processing, delivery via mobile devices, and safety and privacy concerns.
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Haidar, Ban S., and Hedda Meadan. "Examining Parental Stress and Autism in the Early Days of the Pandemic: A Mixed-Methods Study." Disabilities 4, no. 1 (2024): 144–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/disabilities4010010.
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In this convergent parallel mixed-methods study, we investigated the early impact of the COVID-19 stay-at-home mandate in Illinois on 16 caregivers of children with autism. Our goal was to understand contributors to caregivers’ stress by integrating qualitative and quantitative data. Through a joint display, we explored the intricate relationship between caregivers’ perceptions of their child’s needs, the loss of essential services, and stress levels. The caregivers’ reported needs, wishes, barriers, and coping strategies informed and corroborated final quantitative results on stress levels. Significant associations were found between stress levels and caregivers’ agreement with statements on child supervision, service loss, and perceived level of their child’s independence. These findings underscore the importance for robust support systems that enhance family resilience and validate prior research during exceptional circumstances. They offer insights for policymakers and service providers seeking to improve the well-being of families raising children with autism, particularly in times of crisis.
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Coyle, Camille, Sarah Buggy, Olivia Cagney, et al. "Housing with support for older people: a mixed-methods systematic review protocol." HRB Open Research 3 (September 11, 2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/hrbopenres.13124.1.
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Background: The implementation of housing with support is rapidly expanding, particularly as life expectancy is increasing throughout the world. This expansion is likely to intensify in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has revealed the risks of relying primarily on nursing homes. This mixed-methods systematic review aims to: 1) explore older people’s perceptions and experiences of housing with support and 2) examine the impact of providing housing with support for older people. Methods: The databases Ovid Medline, Ovid Social Policy & Practice, EBSCO CINAHL, and EBSCO SOCIndex will be searched, and grey literature will also be identified. Quality assessment will be carried out using Joanna Briggs Institute’s Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research as well as a tool from the National Institutes of Health for observational cohort studies. This review will employ convergent parallel design; as such, qualitative and quantitative findings will be synthesised separately in the initial stage of analysis. The results from the qualitative and quantitative syntheses will then be integrated in the final stage of the analysis. Conclusion: This systematic review will synthesise the evidence regarding older people’s perceptions and experiences of housing with support and the impact of providing housing with support for older people on their quality of life.
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Coyle, Camille, Sarah Buggy, Olivia Cagney, et al. "Housing with support for older people: a mixed-methods systematic review protocol." HRB Open Research 3 (November 11, 2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/hrbopenres.13124.2.
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Background: The implementation of housing with support is rapidly expanding, particularly as life expectancy is increasing throughout the world. This expansion is likely to intensify in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has revealed the risks of relying primarily on nursing homes. This mixed-methods systematic review aims to: 1) explore older people’s perceptions and experiences of housing with support and 2) examine the impact of providing housing with support for older people on their quality of life. Methods: The databases Ovid Medline, Ovid Social Policy & Practice, EBSCO CINAHL, and EBSCO SOCIndex will be searched, and grey literature will also be identified. Quality assessment will be carried out using Joanna Briggs Institute’s Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research as well as a tool from the National Institutes of Health for observational cohort studies. This review will employ convergent parallel design; as such, qualitative and quantitative findings will be synthesised separately in the initial stage of analysis. The results from the qualitative and quantitative syntheses will then be integrated in the final stage of the analysis. Conclusion: This systematic review will synthesise the evidence regarding older people’s perceptions and experiences of housing with support and the impact of providing housing with support for older people on their quality of life.
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Clementson, Casey J. "A mixed methods investigation of flow experience in the middle school instrumental music classroom." Research Studies in Music Education 41, no. 1 (2018): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1321103x18773093.
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Although flow theory is one way of measuring the quality of a student’s experience in a music ensemble, the majority of flow research utilizes samples of high school or collegiate level musicians thus causing us to generalize findings to young adolescent (middle school) populations. Using a convergent parallel mixed methods design, the purpose of this study was to examine factors that may contribute to flow experiences of students in a middle school band. Quantitative data (surveys that included the Experience Sampling Method) and qualitative data (case study of an eighth grade band) were analyzed separately before being merged into a final analysis. Results provide evidence to support that flow is an individualized experience even though students were not in flow based on self-perceived ratings of challenge and skill. Mixed methods results also suggest that young adolescent students may not conceptualize flow in the same manner as older adolescents, thus erroneously suggesting that flow did not occur. Recommendations for future research include exploring alternative vocabulary for flow characteristics for use in Experience Sampling Method surveys, expanding the sample to include music programs at multiple middle schools to create additional regression model predictor variables, and longitudinal explorations of flow over time within large ensembles.
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Yani, Muhammad, Mohd Haniff Mohd Tahir, Ramli Ramli, and Syahwil Saputra. "Blended Learning Implementation for Language Learning in Remote Area after Covid-19 Outbreak: A Convergent Parallel Mixed-method Research Design." AJELP: The Asian Journal of English Language and Pedagogy 11, no. 2 (2023): 124–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37134/ajelp.vol11.2.10.2023.
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Technology integration is now widely used in higher education contexts. It can foster teachers’ and students' motivation and engagement in the educational process. Blended learning combines conventional methods with technology-assisted learning, open online resources, and free emerging devices. This study aims to investigate EFL teachers’ motivation in implementing the Blended learning technique for language instruction. The research utilized a mixed-method approach (convergent parallel design) by designing the instruments of closed-ended questionnaires and semi-structured teachers’ interviews (QUAN and QUAL). This study was conducted at several educational institutions and 30 respondents were purposively assigned. The finding of this research indicated that the implementation is related to EFL teachers’ professional training, expertise, and needs. Besides, this technique can leverage teacher aptitudes in digital literacy that lead to a better learning environment and foster academic performance of the students. Pedagogical implications of the implementation of the blended learning approach are discussed and it provides insight to educators and practitioners a better understanding of technology integration in EFL settings, especially blended learning.
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Andrikopoulou, Elisavet, Philip J. Scott, and Helena Herrera. "Mixed methods protocol for a realist evaluation of electronic personal health records design features and use to support medication adherence (ePHRma)." BMJ Health & Care Informatics 27, no. 1 (2020): e100046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjhci-2019-100046.
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BackgroundNational Health Service policy suggests that increasing usage of electronic personal health records (PHR) by patients will result in cost savings and improved public health. Medication adherence means that patients take their prescribed medication as agreed with their doctors. Some of the claimed benefits of PHRs are decreasing healthcare costs and improving medication adherence and patient outcomes.MethodsThis is a mixed methods convergent study, primarily qualitative. The qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis will occur in parallel, and then be synthesised. We are interviewing and surveying adults with long-term conditions to identify what are the most important and useful features of their current PHR. The data collection comprises patient demographics, the Medication Adherence Questionnaire, the personality scale Big Five Inventory-2 Extra-Short Form and the WHO Quality of Life-BREF scale. Qualitative data will be analysed using the Framework method.EthicsWe have received a favourable ethical opinion from the Health Research Authority/Research Ethics Committee.
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Modjadji, Perpetua, and Sphiwe Madiba. "The Multidimension of Malnutrition among School Children in a Rural Area, South Africa: A Mixed Methods Approach." Nutrients 14, no. 23 (2022): 5015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14235015.
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To address childhood malnutrition, the use of multifaceted methodologies, such as mixed methods research, is required to inform effective and contextual interventions. However, this remains limited in studying malnutrition among school children in a South African context, notwithstanding its persistence. We adopted a convergent parallel mixed methods design to best understand the magnitude of malnutrition through multilevel influences in a rural area. A quantitative survey determined the magnitude of malnutrition and associated factors among school children and their mothers (n = 508), parallel to a qualitative study, which explored mothers’ insights into the influences of child growth and nutrition in interviews using seven focus group discussions. Mixed methods integration was achieved through convergence of the quantitative constructs developed from measured variables for malnutrition and related factors with ten emergent qualitative themes using a joint display analysis to compare the findings and generate meta-inferences. Qualitative themes on food unavailability and affordability, poor feeding beliefs and practices, and decision to purchase foods were consistent with the quantified poor socio-demographic status of mothers. Furthermore, the qualitative data explained the high prevalence of undernutrition among children but did not corroborate the high estimated households’ food security in the quantitative survey. The misperceptions of mothers on child growth agreed with limited food knowledge as well as lack of knowledge on child growth gathered during the survey. Moreover, mothers believed that their children were growing well despite the high presence of childhood undernutrition. Mothers further overrated the effectiveness of school feeding programmes in providing healthy food to children as compared to their household food. They reported high incidence of food allergies, diarrhea, and vomiting caused by food consumed at school which resulted in children not eating certain foods. This might have impacted on the nutritional status of children since mothers depended on the school feeding program to provide food for their children. The ambiguity of cultural influences in relation to child growth was evident and substantiated during qualitative interview. Mixed methods integration offered a better understanding of malnutrition from empirical findings on interrelated factors at child, maternal, household, and school levels. This study points to a need for multilevel, informed, and contextual multidimensional interventions to contribute towards addressing childhood malnutrition in South Africa.
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Varlık, Savaş, and Fadimana Varlık. "MINDFUL ATTENTION AWARENESS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS: HOW DOES CREATIVE AND REFLECTIVE THINKING OCCUR WITHOUT IT? A MIXED METHODS RESEARCH." International Online Journal of Primary Education 13, no. 2 (2024): 135–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.55020/iojpe.1423251.
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This research, which aims to determine the regulatory role of mindfulness in the relationship between creative thinking and reflective thinking, is a mixed method research in which quantitative and qualitative research methods are used together. The research was designed in a mixed-method convergent parallel design. The quantitative part was conducted with a descriptive survey model and the qualitative part was conducted with a case study design. The quantitative sample of the research was selected by cluster and simple random sampling method from classroom teachers working in the central districts of Konya province. The qualitative sample was selected from teachers who had at least one study on creative, reflective thinking, and mindfulness; had completed postgraduate education, and had ten years or more of professional seniority with the criterion sampling method from the teachers in the quantitative sample. In the quantitative part of the study, "creative thinking, reflective thinking, and mindfulness" measurement tools were used after obtaining the necessary permissions. Confirmatory factor analysis and reliability analysis were performed separately for these measurement tools. In the qualitative part of the study, interviews were conducted with a semi-structured interview form. When the quantitative and qualitative findings of the study were evaluated together, it was concluded that mindfulness has a regulatory role in the relationship between creative thinking and reflective thinking.
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Taylor, Paul, Miriam J. Johnson, and Dawn Wendy Dowding. "Clinical decision-making at the end of life: a mixed-methods study." BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care 10, no. 3 (2018): e26-e26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjspcare-2018-001535.
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ObjectivesTo improve the ability of clinical staff to recognise end of life in hospital inpatients dying as a result of cancer and heart failure, and to generate new hypotheses for further research.MethodsThis mixed-methods study used decision theory as a theoretical basis. It involved a parallel databases-convergent design, incorporating findings from previously published research, with equal priority to study groups and synthesis by triangulation. The individual arms were (1) a retrospective cohort study of 102 patients with cancer and 81 patients with heart failure in an acute trust in the North of England, and(2) a semistructured interview study of 19 healthcare professionals caring for the same patient groups.ResultsThe synthesis of findings demonstrated areas of agreement, partial agreement, silence and dissonance when comparing the cohort findings with the interview findings. Trajectories of change are identified as associated with poor prognosis in both approaches, but based on different parameters. Management of patients has a significant impact on decision-making. The decision process requires repeated, iterative assessments and may benefit from a multidisciplinary approach. Uncertainty is a defining characteristic of the overall process, and objective parameters only have a limited role in predicting end of life.ConclusionsThe role of uncertainty is important as a trigger for discussions and a defined stage in a patient’s illness journey. This is consistent with current approaches to recognising irreversible deterioration in those with serious illness. This study contributes ongoing evidence that these concepts are vital for decision-making.
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Viera, Claudia, Beatriz Toso, Ariana R. S. Carvalho, and Maria Aparecida M. Gaiva. "The Stress of Mothers with Preterm Infants from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit to Home: A Mixed Methods Study." International Journal of Multiple Research Approaches 15, no. 1 (2023): 24–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.29034/ijmra.v15n1a2.
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Families of premature newborns hospitalized in intensive care tend to face fear and distress. After discharge, these families have different care needs, and some will continue to experience high levels of stress. Therefore, this study aimed to identify maternal stress levels and difficulties with at-home infant care using a parallel convergent mixed methods research design. Quantitative data were collected using the Parental Stress Scale (administered at a hospital) and the Parental Stress Index Scale (administered at a follow-up clinic) with 51 mothers of preterm infants in Brazil. Qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews with 15 mothers, randomly selected from the quantitative sample 3 to 6 months after discharge. Higher maternal stress scores and lower parenting confidence were associated with child hospitalization. However, family support helped mothers adapt to the new home care routine, empowering them to develop healthy maternal competence. Data integration showed that the sample and subsample presented similar stress levels.
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Xia, Yubao. "Enhancing Teacher Development through Professional Learning Communities: A Mixed-Methods Study in Chinese Universities." Studies in English Language Teaching 13, no. 1 (2025): p63. https://doi.org/10.22158/selt.v13n1p63.
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This study investigated the implementation and impact of Professional Learning Communities (PLCs) on English language teacher development in selected Chinese universities. Employing a mixed-method approach with a convergent parallel design, the research examined the extent of PLC implementation across various dimensions and its influence on teachers' professional growth. Quantitative data from 136 EFL teachers and qualitative insights from 14 participants (7 PLC leaders and 7 members) were collected and analyzed. Results revealed high levels of teacher involvement in key PLC components, including shared vision and goals, collaborative learning, reflective practice, data-driven decision-making, leadership, and structured programs. The study found that PLCs significantly enhanced teachers' content knowledge, instructional practices, personal growth, and collegial relationships. Qualitative findings corroborated these results, highlighting improved collaboration, instructional strategies, and support for English learners. The integration of quantitative and qualitative data provided a comprehensive understanding of PLC effectiveness in the Chinese higher education context. However, challenges were identified in areas such as advocating for PLC work beyond immediate communities and translating data insights into concrete learning objectives. The study contributes to the growing body of research on PLCs in diverse cultural contexts and offers valuable insights for implementing and sustaining effective professional development models in Chinese universities. Recommendations include enhancing institutional support, developing teacher leadership skills, and fostering a culture of open feedback and data literacy. These findings have implications for educational policy and practice in China and globally, particularly in adapting PLCs to different cultural and institutional settings.
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Mubuyaeta, Mishake, and Patrick Ngulube. "KMS Infrastructure for KM Practice in Two Mobile Telecommunication Companies in Namibia." International Journal of Knowledge Management 20, no. 1 (2024): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijkm.339555.
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Knowledge management system infrastructure is at the forefront of knowledge management practice. Knowledge must be identified, captured, and shared to improve KM practices; however, little is known about the successful implementation of KMS infrastructure by Namibian mobile telecommunications companies. This mixed-methods research study employed a convergent parallel design and parallel sampling techniques. Three hundred and nine online questionnaires were distributed to a representative sample, with a response rate of 57%. Computer software packages were used to analyse quantitative data quantitatively, and qualitative data from interviews with 11 participants and analysis of documents were analysed thematically. Findings showed that infrastructure, management support, and employee participation were necessary for a successful KMS infrastructure implementation for effective and efficient KM practices. The study provides MT companies with a foundational understanding of how the infrastructure for KMS is essential for effective and efficient KM practice.
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Antón Rubio, Concha, Merlin Patricia Grueso Hinestroza, and Mónica López-Santamaría. "Work Adjustment in an Employment Program for Colombian People Involved in Armed Conflict: A Multilevel Mixed-Methods Case Study." Social Sciences 12, no. 2 (2023): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci12020103.
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Work plays a significant role in societies; however, currently, work is a particularly difficult area for those in the most vulnerable social categories who have been heavily affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Because there is scarce research on labor integration of people affected by armed conflicts from work adjustment (WA) perspectives, we have developed research to understand the relationship between people and their work setting in an employment program inspired in supported employment models (SEMs). To achieve this, a nonexperimental mixed-methods research design with a convergent parallel approach and multilevel design was developed. The results show that the work-adjustment approach is a useful framework with which to understand the relationship between the work setting and individuals. The conclusions of the research are as follows: (1) people who have been involved in armed conflicts can develop attitudes and abilities to properly develop their work; (2) the configuration of a labor-inclusion model is related to the results in the medium and long term, both in the program itself and in its participants and society; (3) the SEMs contribute to the effective inclusion of people affected by armed conflicts, which have low skills, scarce social contacts, and low educational levels.
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Bakhaty, Yamen, Chika Udeaja, and Hector U. Levatti. "A Framework to Adopt Modern Methods of Construction in Social Housing Projects in Egypt." Sustainability 16, no. 17 (2024): 7773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16177773.
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Egypt, one of the largest countries in Africa and the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, is facing a severe shortage of low-income housing. Despite implementing several housing policies, the deficit continued to grow, especially with the continuous increase in population and other economic and socio-cultural challenges. The rationale behind this research is to propose MMC as a solution to address the shortage of low-income housing as well as the challenges that the Egyptian construction sector is currently facing. A convergent parallel mixed method approach was adopted for data collection and analysis by merging qualitative and quantitative data to provide comprehensive results. From the results, a framework to adopt MMC in social housing projects was established, consisting of seven main pillars that cover the influencing factors on its implementation. The framework was divided into four phases to ensure successful implementation, including the role of the involved stakeholders during each stage.
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Ryan, Jennifer M., Jennifer Fortune, Aisling Walsh, et al. "Transition from child to adult health services for young people with cerebral palsy in Ireland: a mixed-methods study protocol." BMJ Open 10, no. 12 (2020): e041425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041425.
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IntroductionThe transition from child to adult health services is a challenging and complex process for young people with cerebral palsy (CP). Poorly managed transition is associated with deterioration in health, increased hospitalisations and reduced quality of life. While international research identifies key practices that can improve the experience and outcomes of transition, there is a paucity of data in the Irish context. This research study aims to gain an insight into the experience of transition for young people with CP in Ireland.Methods and analysisA convergent parallel mixed-methods design will be used to collect, analyse and interpret quantitative and qualitative data. Participants will be young people aged 16–22 years with CP, their parent(s)/carer(s) and service providers. Quantitative and qualitative data will be collected through questionnaires and interviews, respectively. Quantitative data will be reported using descriptive statistics. Where sufficient data are collected, we will examine associations between the experience of transition practices and sociodemographic and CP-related factors, respectively, using appropriate regression models. Associations between service provider characteristics and provision of key transition practices may also be explored using appropriate regression models. Qualitative data will be analysed using the Framework Method. A coding matrix based on key transitional practices identified from the literature will be used to identify convergence and divergence across study components at the integration stage.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences Research Ethics Committee (REC201911010). Results will be presented to non-academic stakeholders through a variety of knowledge translation activities. Results will be published in open access, peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international scientific conferences.
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Sugianto, Sofendi, and Ismail Petrus. "English Learning Interest of the Junior High School Students: A Mixed Methods Study." JPI (Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia) 12, no. 3 (2023): 566–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jpiundiksha.v12i3.65809.
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The pandemic has provided a significant change in the learning system. It changed the teachers and students’ methods in learning. During pandemic, the learning process through screen and learning management system. That condition gave positive and negative effect in learning. The positive impact of the pandemic is that teachers and students are able to used online learning methods and improve their skills in using internet and IT, while the negative impact is that students decreased their interest in learning because students tend to confused and misunderstood on the teachers’ explanations. The purpose of this study was to analyze how the interest in learning English of nine grade students, why is the student on that level of interest, and whether there is a significant relationship between students' learning interest and English mastery. The research method used was a mixed-method study with 36 participants of Junior High School students. The convergent parallel design used in this study. The instruments used are questionnaires, interview, and students’ final score in the first semester in academic year 2022/2023. Based on the data obtained, there are 9 students who have a high level of interest in English, 26 students have a medium level of interest in English, and 1 student has a low level of interest in English. The result showed that there is a significant relationship between students' English learning interest and students’ English mastery and a positive effect on students' English skills.
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Çay, Tolga. "A Mixed Method Study On The Examination Of Instructor Self-Efficacy Perception And Views In Flipped Learning." ZAHRA: Research and Tought Elementary School of Islam Journal 3, no. 1 (2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37812/zahra.v3i1.288.
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The aim of this study is to examine the self-efficacy perceptions of lecturers in flipped learning and opinions of prep school lecturers about their self-efficacy in flipped learning. Convergent parallel design, one of the mixed research methods, is employed in the study. The study group consists of 31 Turkish lecturers who work at the School of Foreign Languages at Çağ University. The quantitative data of the research was obtained through the Flipped Learning Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale. Qualitative data was collected by open-ended questions form developed by the researcher. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the flipped learning self-efficacy perceptions of the preparatory school lecturers were at a high level. In addition, the lecturers stated in their views that their self-efficacy in flipped learning and technology use was at a certain level, but they have to continuously improve.
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Yeşilbaş Özenç, Yasemin, and Bertan Akyol. "Social Network and Organizational Power Distance: A Mixed Method Research on Academic Staff." Journal of Higher Education and Science 14, no. 2 (2024): 265–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5961/higheredusci.1366785.
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In the study, which was carried out to compare the perception of organizational power distance of the academic staff working at the university with the social networks they established with their colleagues at the university, the quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis processes were carried out simultaneously using the Convergent Parallel Design, one of the mixed methods research designs, and the results of the data analysis were integrated. This research compares the organizational power distance perceptions of the faculty members working at A University, a public university in Turkey, with the social networks they have established with their colleagues at the university. In the quantitative dimension of the research carried out with the mixed method, the research population consists of 1848 academic staff working at A University, one of the public universities in Turkey, in the 2020-2021 academic year. The research sample consists of 319 academic staff. 385 academic staff from 30 academic units, 14 faculties, and 16 colleges/vocational schools, were included in the research. In the qualitative dimension of the research, 27 of 34 academic staff working in the C Department of the B Faculty of the A University were included in the study group. Convergent Parallel Design was used in the research; within this context, the quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis processes were carried out simultaneously and the data analysis results were integrated. The quantitative data were analyzed with the SPSS 21 program, the participants' views on organizational power distance were analyzed with the MAXQDA 2022 program, and social network analysis data were analyzed with the UCINET 6.0 program. According to the research findings' conclusion, the academic staff's general social network tendencies in the quantitative dimension were high, and the participants had the highest perception of "liking to connect." It was determined that the academic staff's general organizational power distance perceptions were at a moderate level, and the participants had the highest perception of "acquiescence of power." Another conclusion was that the social network tendencies of academic staff did not differ according to the academic title variable. However, the organizational power distance differed significantly in favor of research assistants. It was revealed that there was no statistically significant relationship between the general social network tendencies of the academic staff and their perception of organizational power distance. In the qualitative dimension of the study, it was observed that the participants expressed their opinions on organizational power distance mostly in terms of accepting power and least in terms of consenting to power. Social network analysis revealed that the professional network had a denser structure than the friendship network, but the friendship network had more structured and stronger ties. In social networks, professors and research assistants were found to be at the center of the network. The study observed that the results of quantitative and qualitative data analysis confirmed each other at many points. This study is expected to contribute to the literature, policymakers in higher education management, university senior management, academics, and researchers.
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Bersabal, Jeanne, and Evelyn Cañete. "Preparedness of Teacher Education Students for the Licensure Examination for Teachers: A Mixed-Method Study." Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal 29, no. 8 (2024): 1245–72. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14567767.
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This study aimed to describe the lived experiences of fourth-year teacher education students in a local college regarding their preparedness for the licensure examination for teachers. This study engaged mixed method design, utilizing convergent parallel approach. The Participants of the study were fourth-year students enrolled in Competency Skills Appraisal 1. There were 89 students who were randomly selected for the quantitative and 14 for the qualitative: 7 for in-depth interview and 7 for focus group discussion which were purposively selected. The researcher conducted thematic analysis to examine the qualitative data. This involved recording participants’ responses, organizing them, and reducing them into themes through coding and refining the codes during qualitative data analysis. In the quantitative phase, specific tools were applied, including the mean to determine the average participants' responses and the standard deviation to measure the variation in survey answers. Based on the result of the study, it was determined that the level of preparedness of fourth-year teacher education students for the licensure examination for teachers is very high. Additionally, the qualitative phase of the study uncovered the lived experiences and coping strategies of fourth-year teacher education students regarding their preparedness for the licensure examination for teachers. Based on participants’ responses, 8 essential themes emerged. The results of the qualitative and quantitative research converge when they are corroborated.
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Urooj Jan, Momin Khan, Syeda Nadia Shah, et al. "THE IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON TEACHER-STUDENT RELATIONSHIPS IN PAKISTANI HIGHER EDUCATION: A MIXED-METHODS APPROACH." Contemporary Journal of Social Science Review 3, no. 2 (2025): 2061–74. https://doi.org/10.63878/cjssr.v3i2.825.
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This mixed-methods study investigated the impact of emotional intelligence on teacher-student relationships in Pakistani higher education institutions. Using a convergent parallel design, the research involved 450 participants (200 faculty members and 250 students) from five universities across Punjab, Sindh, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces. Quantitative data were collected using the Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS) and Teacher-Student Relationship Scale (TSRS), while qualitative insights were gathered through 30 in-depth interviews and 6 focus group discussions. Results revealed a strong positive correlation (r = 0.78, p < 0.001) between teachers' emotional intelligence and relationship quality. Teachers with higher emotional intelligence demonstrated significantly better relationships with students across all measured dimensions. Self-regulation and social awareness emerged as the strongest predictors of positive teacher-student relationships. Qualitative findings highlighted cultural factors unique to Pakistani contexts, including respect for authority, hierarchical communication patterns, and the importance of emotional support in academic success. The study found that emotionally intelligent teachers were more effective in managing classroom dynamics, understanding student needs, and creating supportive learning environments. These findings have significant implications for teacher training programs and educational policy in Pakistani higher education, suggesting that developing emotional intelligence competencies should be prioritized to enhance educational outcomes and student satisfaction.
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Feldhaus, Charles, and Kristin Bentrem. "STEM mentoring and the use of the principles of Adult Mentoring Inventory." International Journal of Mentoring and Coaching in Education 4, no. 3 (2015): 213–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmce-11-2014-0039.
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Purpose – The purpose of this convergent parallel mixed methods paper is to explore the mentoring experience within the context of a science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) specific mentoring program for urban, at risk, high school youth, using the Principles of Adult Mentoring Inventory (PAMI) as an instrument that modeled effective mentoring behavior. The study took place at a large, urban, Midwestern university in the USA. Design/methodology/approach – A research design was developed and both quantitative and qualitative data were collected in parallel, analyzed separately and then merged to determine results. The PAMI instrument that measures six constructs of mentor effectiveness was administered to STEM mentors as a pre/post-test and enabled researchers to collect quantitative data. Researchers used focus groups to collect qualitative data in the form of transcribed interviews. This study sought to inform STEM mentoring program development by collecting both qualitative and quantitative data independently and simultaneously in order to confirm findings. Researchers used a convergent parallel mixed methods design to first, reinforce and corroborate the findings given the small sample size (n=8); second, minimize alternative interpretations from data gathering and analysis, third, make clear various factors contributing to the effectiveness of STEM mentoring. Findings – Throughout the mentoring experience, mentor perceptions of their mentoring abilities increased to be in the “more highly effective” range within PAMI. In five of the six constructs the results indicated mentors scored lower on the pre-test than they did on the post-test of the PAMI, meaning mentor perceptions of mentoring abilities improved overall during the course and the mentoring experience. Common themes from both quantitative and qualitative results were developed, are discussed using the PAMI constructs as organizers, and include communication, information, and gender differences. Originality/value – This study added to the dearth of literature and investigations surrounding STEM mentoring. Many studies have concentrated primarily on mentoring but few have investigated the concept of STEM mentoring program best practices. The results of this study provided a multidimensional look at STEM mentoring programs that impact urban, at risk, high school youth.
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Wilson, Caitlin, Gillian Janes, Rebecca Lawton, and Jonathan Benn. "The types and effects of feedback received by emergency ambulance staff: protocol for a systematic mixed studies review with narrative synthesis." International Journal of Emergency Services 10, no. 2 (2021): 247–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijes-09-2020-0057.
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PurposeThe primary aim of this systematic review is to identify, describe and synthesise the published literature on the types and effects of feedback received by emergency ambulance staff. The secondary aim will be to describe the mechanisms and moderators of the effects of prehospital feedback in an organisational context.Design/methodology/approachThe application and effects of feedback for healthcare professionals, to support improved practice, is well researched within the wider healthcare domain. Within a prehospital context, research into feedback has been developing in specific areas such as automated feedback from defibrillators and debrief after simulation. However, to date there has been no systematic review published on the types and effects of feedback available to emergency ambulance staff.FindingsThis study will be a systematic mixed studies review including empirical primary research of qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods methodology published in peer-reviewed journals in English. Studies will be included if they explore the concept of feedback as defined in this review, i.e. the systematised provision of information to emergency ambulance staff regarding their performance within prehospital practice and/or patient outcomes. The search strategy will consist of three facets: ambulance staff synonyms, feedback synonyms and feedback content. The databases to be searched from inception are MEDLINE, Embase, AMED, PsycINFO, HMIC, CINAHL and Web of Science. Study quality will be appraised using the mixed methods appraisal tool (MMAT) developed by Hong et al. (2018). Data analysis will consist of narrative synthesis guided by Popay et al. (2006) following a parallel-results convergent synthesis design.Originality/valueRegistration: PROSPERO (CRD42020162600)
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Nurjono, Milawaty, Pami Shrestha, Alice Lee, et al. "Realist evaluation of a complex integrated care programme: protocol for a mixed methods study." BMJ Open 8, no. 3 (2018): e017111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017111.
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IntroductionThe lack of understanding of how complex integrated care programmes achieve their outcomes due to the lack of acceptable methods leads to difficulties in the development, implementation, adaptation and scaling up of similar interventions. In this study, we evaluate an integrated care network, the National University Health System (NUHS) Regional Health System (RHS), consisting of acute hospitals, step down care, primary care providers, social services and community partners using a theory-driven realist evaluation approach. This study aims to examine how and for whom the NUHS-RHS works to improve healthcare utilisations, outcomes, care experiences and reduce healthcare costs. By using a realist approach that balances the needs of context-specific evaluation with international comparability, this study carries the potential to address current research gaps.Methods and analysisThis evaluation will be conducted in three research phases: (1) development of initial programme theory (IPT) underlying the NUHS-RHS; (2) testing of programme theory using empirical data; and (3) refinement of IPT. IPT was elicited and developed through reviews of programme documents, informal discussions and in-depth interviews with relevant stakeholders. Then, a convergent parallel mixed method study will be conducted to assess context (C), mechanisms (M) and outcomes (O) to test the IPT. Findings will then be analysed according to the realist evaluation formula of CMO in which findings on the context, mechanisms will be used to explain the outcomes. Finally, based on findings gathered, IPT will be refined to highlight how to improve the NUHS-RHS by detailing what works (outcome), as well as how (mechanisms) and under what conditions (context).Ethics and disseminationThe National Healthcare Group, Singapore, Domain Specific Review Board reviewed and approved this study protocol. Study results will be published in international peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences and internally to NUHS-RHS and Ministry of Health, Singapore.
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Mohammed, EL MESSAOUDI, BENHADJ Yassine, and LAROUZ Mohammed. "Needs Analysis and Syllabus Design in Moroccan Tertiary Education: A Mixed Methods Study." International Journal of Advance Study and Research Work 2, no. 11 (2019): 01–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3545921.
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<strong><em>The purpose of the present study is to reconsider the perceived English language needs of Moroccan students in a general English language program, known as ‘the common core program’ (CCP). The researcher deployed a convergent parallel mixed-methods design to re-examine this obligatory four-credit course offered to all English majors, for which an English for General Purposes (EGP) syllabus is proposed by the Ministry of Education. The sample included 120 students and 12 teachers, conveniently chosen, with a multilevel sampling relationship. The research tools consisted of a questionnaire and two types of interviews [e-mail and one-on-one interviews]. The questionnaire’s internal consistency subscales were measured via Krippendorff’s alpha and demonstrated a good level of internal consistency. Structured interviews provided in-depth details about the courses students appreciated the most, appreciated the least, and pointers on how to modify the syllabus design. The results revealed that the students considered speaking as the most important component of the language which the most needed practice, whereas they cited grammar as the component that they mostly abhorred and had the least expertise in. Besides, they perceived reading comprehension courses as the least useful, while they considered writing courses as the most problematic ones. The students also showed great concerns over the time allotted to the coverage of the common core program courses. The findings from the present study will guide Moroccan university teachers and syllabus designers in re-designing the current language program to address the present gap and generate a “negotiated syllabus”. </em></strong>
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Bulusan, Ferdinand, Tomas C. Bautista, Sabina B. Pascual, Venus Respicio-Pascual, and Perfecta B. Garcia. "Graduate Students' Confidence Level and Dimensions of Anxiety in Doing Empirical Studies in the 21st Century: a Convergent-Parallel Exploration." Journal of Lifestyle and SDGs Review 5, no. 2 (2025): e05799. https://doi.org/10.47172/2965-730x.sdgsreview.v5.n02.pe05799.
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Objective: This study investigates the relationship between graduate students' confidence in conducting empirical research and their research-related anxiety. It aims to examine how anxiety affects research productivity and academic progression in a research-intensive institution in Northern Luzon, Philippines. Theoretical Framework: Anchored in research self-efficacy theory (Bandura, 1997) and academic anxiety theories (Zeidner, 1991), this study explores how confidence and anxiety interact in the research process, influencing motivation, persistence, and research performance. Method: A convergent-parallel mixed methods design was employed. Quantitative data were collected from 495 graduate students via a validated survey, while qualitative insights were derived from in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 28 participants. Statistical analyses examined confidence variations, while thematic analysis explored anxiety-related challenges. Results and Discussion: Findings indicate that while students report high confidence in research competencies, they experience anxiety linked to methodological uncertainty, lack of mentorship, time constraints, fear of criticism, and perfectionism. Statistical analysis shows that confidence varies by research experience but not by demographic factors. Thematic findings highlight institutional and psychological barriers that exacerbate anxiety. Research Implications: This study underscores the need for structured research training, mentorship, and institutional support to bridge the gap between perceived and actual research efficacy. Originality/Value: By challenging the assumption that confidence equates to competence, this study provides insights into managing research anxiety and enhancing graduate students’ research preparedness.