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Journal articles on the topic 'Converging Diverging Nozzles'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Mzad, Hocine, and Mohamed Elguerri. "Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Compressible Flow through Convergent–Divergent Nozzles." Advanced Materials Research 452-453 (January 2012): 1277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.452-453.1277.

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The present paper is concerned with the study of compressible flow in a converging-diverging nozzle. From a theoretical and experimental investigation of the flow in an illustrative channel with convergent-divergent area variation, the behavior of the flow along the channel was found to be generally similar in trend to the flow in a stationary convergent-divergent nozzle. In compressible flows, the density and temperature variations are often significant. Therefore, the following study provides additional information on shock location, Mach number behavior and pressure distribution by varying

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2

Acar, M., R. K. Turton, and G. R. Wray. "Air Flow in Yarn Texturing Nozzles." Journal of Engineering for Industry 109, no. 3 (1987): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3187118.

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The air-jet texturing process, a purely mechanical means of texturing continuous filament yarns, is described. Industrial texturing nozzles are reviewed and categorized in two groups, either as converging-diverging or cylindrical type nozzles. A mathematical model is developed for the complex airflow in cylindrical type texturing nozzles, and experimental data obtained from various nozzles verify the flow predicted by this model. The mathematical model is also shown to be in good agreement with the data obtained from a modified experimental nozzle, which has a trumpet shaped diverging exit. Fu

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3

Flock, Andreas K., and Ali Gülhan. "Design of converging-diverging nozzles with constant-radius centerbody." CEAS Space Journal 12, no. 2 (2019): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12567-019-00286-4.

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AbstractSeveral flow phenomena, such as recirculating wake flows or noise generation, occur in aerodynamic configurations with backward facing steps. In this context, subsonic nozzles with constant-radius centerbodies exist, which enable fundamental research of these phenomena for $$M < 1$$M<1. For the supersonic regime, however, the existing database and knowledge are limited. Therefore, this work presents a design approach for a converging-diverging nozzle with constant-radius centerbody. For the nozzle throat, Sauer’s method is modified to include a centerbody. The method of character

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4

Bober, W., and W. L. Chow. "Nonideal Isentropic Gas Flow Through Converging-Diverging Nozzles." Journal of Fluids Engineering 112, no. 4 (1990): 455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2909425.

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A method for treating nonideal gas flows through converging-diverging nozzles is described. The method incorporates the Redlich-Kwong equation of state. The Runge-Kutta method is used to obtain a solution. Numerical results were obtained for methane gas. Typical plots of pressure, temperature, and area ratios as functions of Mach number are given. From the plots, it can be seen that there exists a range of reservoir conditions that require the gas to be treated as nonideal if an accurate solution is to be obtained.

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5

Chavan, Kanchan, B. Bhingole, J. Raut, and A. B. Pandit. "Numerical Optimization of converging diverging miniature cavitating nozzles." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 656 (December 3, 2015): 012138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/656/1/012138.

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6

Shourehdeli, Shaban Alyari, Kamran Mobini, and Ali Asakereh. "Numerical Investigation of the Effects of Primary Nozzle Diverging Portion on Performance of the Supersonic Ejector of an Ejector Refrigeration Cycle." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 27, no. 03 (2019): 1950030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132519500305.

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A supersonic ejector with desirable performance characteristics reduces the energy consumption rate of an ejector refrigeration system and increases its coefficient of performance (COP). In this paper, the effects of using different primary nozzles on the performance of a supersonic ejector of an ejector refrigeration system have been numerically studied, while the working fluid is steam. To this end, conical, Rao and parallel-flow primary nozzles with identical converging portions and equal exit area to throat area ratios have been tested. The diverging portion curves for the parallel-flow an

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7

Wilson, Erich A., Dan Adler, Benjamin Z. Bal-Or, Valery Sherbaum, and Michael Lichtsinder. "Optimizing Subcritical-Flow Thrust-Vectoring of Converging-Diverging Nozzles." Journal of Propulsion and Power 16, no. 2 (2000): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/2.5584.

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8

Niedźwiedzka, Agnieszka. "Numerical modeling of cavitation phenomenon in a two-dimensional converging-diverging nozzle using a homogeneous approach." Mechanik 91, no. 7 (2018): 520–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2018.7.71.

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The article presents results of numerical simulations of cavitation phenomenon in a converging-diverging nozzle using the homogeneous approach. Three cavitation models are considered: the Schnerr and Sauer model, the Singhal et al. model and the Zwart et al. model. The simulations are performed for transient. The geometry is two-dimensional and planar. In the numerical calculations Fluent software was used. The aim of the work is to estimate the possibility of applying of two-dimensional planar numerical simulations of cavitating flows for small-sized converging-diverging nozzles. The motivati

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9

Krishnamurty, Venkata S., and Wei Shyy. "Effect of Wall Roughness on the Flow Through Converging - Diverging Nozzles." Journal of Propulsion and Power 13, no. 6 (1997): 753–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/2.5248.

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10

OHIRA, Katsuhide, Tadashi NAKAYAMA, and Takayoshi NAGAI. "Cavitation Flow Instability of Subcooled Liquid Nitrogen in Converging-Diverging Nozzles." TEION KOGAKU (Journal of Cryogenics and Superconductivity Society of Japan) 46, no. 9 (2011): 539–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2221/jcsj.46.539.

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11

Zhang, Zhenying, Lili Tian, Lirui Tong, and Yanhua Chen. "Choked Flow Characteristics of Subcritical Refrigerant Flowing Through Converging-Diverging Nozzles." Entropy 16, no. 11 (2014): 5810–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e16115810.

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12

Ohira, Katsuhide, Tadashi Nakayama, and Takayoshi Nagai. "Cavitation flow instability of subcooled liquid nitrogen in converging–diverging nozzles." Cryogenics 52, no. 1 (2012): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2011.11.001.

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13

JIN, ERIC, TONY HABIB, SIMON YOUSSEF, STEVE OSBORNE, and HONGHI TRAN. "Development of converging-diverging multi-jet nozzles for molten smelt shattering in kraft recovery boilers." March 2021 20, no. 3 (2021): 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj20.3.199.

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The effective shattering of molten smelt is highly desired in recovery boiler systems. Ideally, shatter jet nozzle designs should: i) generate high shattering energy; ii) create a wide coverage; and iii) minimize steam consumption. This study proposes a novel converging-diverging multi-jet nozzle design to achieve these goals. A laboratory setup was established, and the nozzle performance was evaluated by generating jet pressure profiles from the measurement of a pitot tube array. The results show that the shatter jet strength is greater with a large throat diameter, high inlet pressure, and a

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14

Janet, Jon Paul, Yixiang Liao, and Dirk Lucas. "Heterogeneous nucleation in CFD simulation of flashing flows in converging–diverging nozzles." International Journal of Multiphase Flow 74 (September 2015): 106–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2015.04.005.

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15

Majdalani, Joseph, and Brian A. Maicke. "Direct calculation of the average local Mach number in converging–diverging nozzles." Aerospace Science and Technology 24, no. 1 (2013): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2011.10.009.

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16

Benderradji, Razik. "Effect of the fluidic injection on the flow of a converging-diverging conical nozzle." International Journal of Energetica 5, no. 1 (2020): 07. http://dx.doi.org/10.47238/ijeca.v5i1.114.

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The flow in an Over-Expanded Nozzle is subjected to shock waves leading to the unsteady separation of the boundary layer. Free detachment may be followed by a restricted detachment. During the expansion regime in propellant nozzles, several physical phenomena are encountered: supersonic jet, jet separation, adverse pressure gradient, shock wave, turbulent boundary layer, highly compressible mixture layer, return flow, large scale turbulence. These very complex phenomena can considerably affect the performance of the nozzle.The numerical investigation was performed by the CFD-FASTRAN search cod

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17

Berana, Menandro Serrano, Masafumi Nakagawa, and Atsushi Harada. "Shock Waves in Supersonic Two-Phase Flow of CO2 in Converging-Diverging Nozzles." HVAC&R Research 15, no. 6 (2009): 1081–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10789669.2009.10390880.

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18

Bang, Boo-Hyoung, Yong-Il Kim, Seokgyu Jeong, Youngbin Yoon, Alexander L. Yarin, and Sam S. Yoon. "Theoretical model for swirling thin film flows inside nozzles with converging-diverging shapes." Applied Mathematical Modelling 76 (December 2019): 607–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2019.06.025.

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19

Kluwick, A., and St Scheichl. "Unsteady transonic nozzle flow of dense gases." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 310 (March 10, 1996): 113–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112096001759.

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Vapours of retrograde fluids, i.e. media with large values of the specific heats, may have the remarkable property that sonic conditions are reached three times rather than once during isentropic expansion or compression. As a result, the acceleration of such a fluid through a converging-diverging Laval nozzle under steady flow conditions may lead to the occurrence of an expansion shock discontinuity. Theoretical considerations then suggest that nozzles with two throats should be designed to achieve a full shock-free subsonic-supersonic expansion.In this study the unsteady flow of a dense, ret

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20

Jéger, Csaba, and Árpád Veress. "Novell Application of CFD for Rocket Engine Nozzle Optimization." Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering 47, no. 2 (2018): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/pptr.11490.

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Numerical analyses, validation and geometric optimization of a converging-diverging nozzle flows has been established in the present work. The optimal nozzle contour for a given nozzle pressure ratio and length yields the largest obtainable thrust for the conditions and thus minimises the losses. Application of such methods reduces the entry cost to the market, promote innovation and accelerate the development processes. A parametric geometry, numerical mesh and simulation model is constructed first to solve the problem. The simulation model is then validated by using experimental and computat

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21

Srinivas, G., and Srinivasa Rao Potti. "Numerical Simulation of Rocket Nozzle." Advanced Materials Research 984-985 (July 2014): 1210–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.984-985.1210.

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The vent or opening is called nozzle. The objectives are to measure the flow rates and pressure distributions within the converging and diverging nozzle under different exit and inlet pressure ratios. Analytic results will be used to contrast the measurements for the pressure and normal shock locations. In this paper computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis of various performance parameters like static pressure, the Mach number, intensity of turbulence, the area ratio are studied in detail for a rocket nozzle from Inlet to exit by using Ansys Fluent software. From the public literature surv

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22

Kluwick, A. "Transonic nozzle flow of dense gases." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 247 (February 1993): 661–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112093000618.

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The paper deals with the flow properties of dense gases in the throat area of slender nozzles. Starting from the Navier–Stokes equations supplemented with realistic equations of state for gases which have relatively large specific heats a novel form of the viscous transonic small-perturbation equation is derived. Evaluation of the inviscid limit of this equation shows that three sonic points rather than a single sonic point may occur during isentropic expansion of such media, in contrast to the case of perfect gases. As a consequence, a shock-free transition from subsonic to supersonic speeds

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23

Nakagawa, Masafumi, Menandro Serrano Berana, and Akinori Kishine. "Supersonic two-phase flow of CO2 through converging–diverging nozzles for the ejector refrigeration cycle." International Journal of Refrigeration 32, no. 6 (2009): 1195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2009.01.015.

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24

Geng, Lihong, Huadong Liu, and Xinli Wei. "CFD analysis of the flashing flow characteristics of subcritical refrigerant R134a through converging-diverging nozzles." International Journal of Thermal Sciences 137 (March 2019): 438–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2018.12.011.

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25

Duran, Ignacio, and Stephane Moreau. "Solution of the quasi-one-dimensional linearized Euler equations using flow invariants and the Magnus expansion." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 723 (April 16, 2013): 190–231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2013.118.

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AbstractThe acoustic and entropy transfer functions of quasi-one-dimensional nozzles are studied analytically for both subsonic and choked flows with and without shock waves. The present analytical study extends both the compact nozzle solution obtained by Marble & Candel (J. Sound Vib., vol. 55, 1977, pp. 225–243) and the effective nozzle length proposed by Stow, Dowling & Hynes (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 467, 2002, pp. 215–239) and by Goh & Morgans (J. Sound Vib., vol. 330, 2011, pp. 5184–5198) to non-zero frequencies for both modulus and phase through an asymptotic expansion of the l

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26

HINATA, Sigeru, Nobuhiro HIMENO, and Kouta MIZUSIMA. "Pressure loss measurement in single and two-phase horizontal flow though diverging and converging multi nozzles." Proceedings of Conference of Hokuriku-Shinetsu Branch 2003.40 (2003): 45–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmehs.2003.40.45.

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27

Meyer, M., and R. Lupoi. "An analysis of the particulate flow in cold spray nozzles." Mechanical Sciences 6, no. 2 (2015): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ms-6-127-2015.

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Abstract. Cold Spray is a novel technology for the application of coatings onto a variety of substrate materials. In this method, melting temperatures are not crossed and the bonding is realized by the acceleration of powder particles through a carrier gas in a converging-diverging nozzle and their high energy impact over a substrate material. The critical aspect of this technology is the acceleration process and the multiphase nature of it. Three different nozzle designs were experimented under constant conditions and their performance simulated using Computational Fluid Dynamics tools. The D

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28

Banasiak, Krzysztof, and Armin Hafner. "Mathematical modelling of supersonic two-phase R744 flows through converging–diverging nozzles: The effects of phase transition models." Applied Thermal Engineering 51, no. 1-2 (2013): 635–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.10.005.

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29

Qin, Liang, Yang Xiang, Suyang Qin, and Hong Liu. "On the structures of compressible vortex rings generated by the compressible starting jet from converging and diverging nozzles." Aerospace Science and Technology 106 (November 2020): 106188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2020.106188.

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30

Bakhtar, F., J. B. Young, A. J. White, and D. A. Simpson. "Classical Nucleation Theory and Its Application to Condensing Steam Flow Calculations." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 219, no. 12 (2005): 1315–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440605x8379.

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The paper discusses the classical theory of the homogeneous nucleation of water droplets from supersaturated vapour and its application in predicting condensation in steam nozzles. The first part consists of a review of classical nucleation theory, focusing on the many modifications made to the original Becker-Döring theory and providing some new insights into recent developments. It is concluded that the predictive accuracy required for engineering calculations is not yet attainable with a theory derived from first principles. The areas that require most attention relate to the properties of

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31

Bober, W., and W. L. Chow. "Closure to “Discussion of ‘Nonideal Isentropic Gas Flow Through Converging-Diverging Nozzles’” (1990, ASME J. Fluids Eng., 112, pp. 460–461)." Journal of Fluids Engineering 112, no. 4 (1990): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2909427.

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32

Bober, W., and L. W. Chow. "Closure to “Discussion of ‘Nonideal Isentropic Gas Flow Through Converging-Diverging Nozzles’” (1991, ASME J. Fluids Eng., 113, pp. 311–312)." Journal of Fluids Engineering 113, no. 2 (1991): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2909501.

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33

Liffman, Kurt. "Relativistic Jet Flow from a One Dimensional Magnetic Nozzle—Analytic Solutions." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 18, no. 3 (2001): 267–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/as01034.

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AbstractMagnetohydrodynamic devices that can accelerate plasmas to speeds of the order of hundreds of kilometres per second have been designed and built for nearly forty years. Up to the time of writing, however, the theory for such devices has been exclusively non-relativistic. In this paper we derive the special relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (SRMHD) equations and use them to obtain the relativistic, magnetic nozzle equation which describes the production of jet flows with speeds approaching the speed of light.We obtain analytic solutions to this equation and show that, in principle, magne

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34

Janet, Jon Paul, Yixiang Liao, and Dirk Lucas. "Corrigendum to Heterogeneous Nucleation in CFD Simulation of Flashing Flows in Converging-Diverging Nozzles International Journal of Multiphase Flow 74 (2015) 106-117." International Journal of Multiphase Flow 78 (January 2016): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2015.08.011.

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35

Vinokur, Marcel. "Discussion: “Nonideal Isentropic Gas Flow Through Converging-Diverging Nozzles” (Bober, W., and Chow, W. L., 1990, ASME J. Fluids Eng., 112, pp. 455–460)." Journal of Fluids Engineering 112, no. 4 (1990): 460–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2909426.

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36

Leung, J. C., and M. Epstein. "Discussion: “Nonideal Isentropic Gas Flow Through Converging-Diverging Nozzles” (Bober, W., and Chow, L. W., 1990, ASME J. Fluids Eng., 112, pp. 455–461)." Journal of Fluids Engineering 113, no. 2 (1991): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2909498.

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37

Emanuel, G. "Discussion: “Nonideal Isentropic Gas Flow Through Converging-Diverging Nozzles” (Bober, W., and Chow, L. W., 1990, ASME J. Fluids Eng., 112, pp. 455–461)." Journal of Fluids Engineering 113, no. 2 (1991): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2909499.

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38

Wang, Zhi Wu, Kun Zhang, and Long Xi Zheng. "Numerical Simulation of the Nozzle Angles Effect on the Pressure at Thrustwall and Nozzle Outlet of PDE." Applied Mechanics and Materials 705 (December 2014): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.705.92.

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In order to investigate the effects of nozzles with different angles on PDE performance, PDE with nozzles of different convergent and divergent angles were simulated and propane-air mixture was used. The simulation results indicated that the effects of nozzles with different angles on the pressure at the thrustwall of PDE and nozzle outlet were not the same. The pressure at the thrustwall and nozzle outlet of PDE with convergent nozzles was higher than that with divergent nozzles, and the pressure peak appeared earlier in the case of convergent nozzles. The peak value of the pressure at the no

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39

Hrubý, Jan, Michal Duška, Tomáš Němec, and Michal Kolovratník. "Nucleation rates of droplets in supersaturated steam and water vapour–carrier gas mixtures between 200 and 450 K." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 232, no. 5 (2018): 536–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957650918770939.

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We compare experimental nucleation rates for water vapour in various carrier gases, estimated nucleation rates for steam, and nucleation rates obtained from molecular simulations. The data for steam are deduced from empirical adjustments of the classical nucleation theory developed by various authors to reproduce pressure and optical data for condensing steam flows in converging-diverging nozzles and turbine stages. By combining the data for nucleation in carrier gases and the data for steam nucleation, an unprecedented temperature range of 250 K is available to study the temperature dependenc

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40

Al-Taie, Arkan, Hussien W. Mashi, and Ali M. Hadi. "THE EFFECT OF CONVERGENT-DIVERGENT NOZZLE PROFILE ON ITS PERFORMANCE." IRAQI JOURNAL FOR MECHANICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING 19, no. 1 (2019): 14–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32852/iqjfmme.v19i1.262.

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The paper presents the effect of convergent-divergent nozzles profile across specified inlet pressures values from (1.5 bar-4 bar), with constant back pressure of (1 bar). The flow of air through three convergent-divergent nozzles was studied theoretically. The flow was assumed to be one-dimensional, adiabatic and reversible (isentropic). The flow parameters like static pressure ratio and Mach number were analyzed. The flow parameters were obtained in term of area ratio along the nozzle. MATLAB code was built in order to find the Mach number along the nozzles, by using Newton-Raphson method. T

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41

Salvador, Francisco J., Joaquin de la Morena, Marcos Carreres, and David Jaramillo. "Numerical analysis of flow characteristics in diesel injector nozzles with convergent-divergent orifices." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 231, no. 14 (2017): 1935–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017692220.

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The geometry of diesel injector nozzles is known to significantly affect the characteristic spray behavior and emissions formation. In this paper, a novel nozzle concept, consisting of orifices with a convergent–divergent shape, is investigated through Computational Fluid Dynamics techniques. Three of these nozzles, characterized by different degrees of conicity, are compared to a nozzle with cylindrical orifices, which acts as a baseline. A homogeneous equilibrium model, validated against experimental data in previous works by the authors, is used to calculate the eventual cavitation formatio

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42

Shariatzadeh, Omid Joneydi, Afshin Abrishamkar, and Aliakbar Joneidi Jafari. "Computational Modeling of a Typical Supersonic Converging-Diverging Nozzle and Validation by Real Measured Data." Journal of Clean Energy Technologies 3, no. 3 (2015): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/jocet.2015.v3.198.

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43

Ameur, Khaled, Zine Aidoun, and Mehdi Falsafioon. "Experimental Performance of a Two-Phase Ejector: Nozzle Geometry and Subcooling Effects." Inventions 5, no. 2 (2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions5020023.

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This paper presents the results of an experimental study on a two-phase ejector. The main objective is to assess the effects of the nozzle’s divergent and the throat diameter on performance under various working conditions. Under the same conditions, ejector operation with a convergent nozzle, results in higher critical primary mass flow rate and lower critical pressure than with a convergent-divergent nozzle version. Experiments show as well that the flow expansion is higher in the convergent-divergent nozzle. The throat diameter turns out to have an important impact only on the amount of the

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44

ZAMAN, K. B. M. Q., M. D. DAHL, T. J. BENCIC, and C. Y. LOH. "Investigation of a ‘transonic resonance’ with convergent–divergent nozzles." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 463 (July 25, 2002): 313–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112002008819.

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Experimental studies have shown that convergent–divergent nozzles, when run at low pressure ratios, often undergo a flow resonance accompanied by emission of acoustic tones. The phenomenon, different in characteristics from conventional ‘screech’ tones, is addressed in this paper. Unlike screech, the resonant frequency (fN) increases with increasing supply pressure. There is a ‘staging’ behaviour; odd-harmonic stages resonate at lower pressures while the fundamental occurs in a wide range of higher pressures corresponding to a ‘fully expanded Mach number’ (Mj) around unity. Within a stage, fN

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45

Qurooni, Faisal Al, Ali Vakil, Ehab Elsaadawy, and Sheldon I. Green. "Numerical simulation of an over-expanded supersonic and subsonic industrial nozzle flow relevant to flaring system." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 43, no. 4 (2019): 471–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2018-0230.

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Flaring in oil and gas production is the controlled burning of unwanted exhaust gases to enhance safety. To improve flare combustion, gas flares are equipped with air nozzles that introduce extra oxygen and improve mixing in the combustion zone. These nozzles are operated in the subsonic, sonic, or supersonic regimes. In this paper, we are concerned with turbulence modeling of the jet flow exiting from a particular convergent–divergent nozzle used in flare systems. That nozzle has convergent and divergent sections that are connected via a throat section with a finite length and constant diamet

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46

Park, Sung Han, Jeong Whan Han, Chang Hee Lee, and Hyung Jun Kim. "Effect of Curvature on Gas-Particle Flow in Converging and Diverging Supersonic Nozzle." Solid State Phenomena 124-126 (June 2007): 1697–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.124-126.1697.

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A cold spray process is a relatively new process using high velocity metallic particles for surface modifications. Metallic powder particles which are injected into a converging-diverging nozzle are accelerated to supersonic velocities. In this study a comparative study was performed to figure out the effect of curvature on gas and particle flow in converging-diverging nozzle. And, the critical radius of curvature in converging and diverging section of nozzle and the behavior of the gas and particle flow were determined and calculated, respectively.

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47

Kumar, Bholu, Suresh Kant Verma, and Shantanu Srivastava. "Mixing Characteristics of Supersonic Jet from Bevelled Nozzles." International Journal of Heat and Technology 39, no. 2 (2021): 559–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.390226.

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The present study focuses on the effect of nozzle exit inclination on the mixing characteristics of Mach 2.17 overexpanded jets at the NPR 5, NPR 6 and NPR 7, using commercial software package ANSYS Fluent. The convergent-divergent nozzles, investigated are circular nozzle and bevel nozzle with bevel angle 300, and bevel angel 450. The nozzles are constructed with equal throat-to-exit area ratio, in order to maintain uniform Mach number at the nozzle exit. From the results, it was found that, the bevelled nozzles effectively reduce the jet core as much as 46%, indicating enhanced jet mixing. I

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48

Rodgers, C. "Impingement Starting and Power Boosting of Small Gas Turbines." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 107, no. 4 (1985): 821–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3239817.

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The technology of high-pressure air or hot-gas impingement from stationary shroud supplementary nozzles onto radial outflow compressors and radial inflow turbines to permit rapid gas turbine starting or power boosting is discussed. Data are presented on the equivalent turbine component performance for convergent/divergent shroud impingement nozzles, which reveal the sensitivity of nozzle velocity coefficient with Mach number and turbine efficiency with impingement nozzle admission arc. Compressor and turbine matching is addressed in the transient turbine start mode with the possibility of oper

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Chen, Xiong, Rui Liu, and Hong Ying Du. "Erosion Study of Silica Phenolic Nozzles with Graphite Inserts in Solid Rocket Motors." Advanced Materials Research 1095 (March 2015): 573–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1095.573.

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Experimental and theoretical studies on the erosion of silica phenolic nozzles with graphite inserts in solid rocket motors were carried out. Two identical segmented nozzles, consisting of graphite inserts and silica phenolic insulation in the convergent and divergent sections, were tested at same operating condition. Due to the different thermal resistance ability, steps are formed at the interface of two materials. The erosion rates, following the distribution of Reynolds number, exhibit an upward trend in the convergent section and decrease in the divergent section for both silicon phenolic

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50

Jang, Sung Hwan, Sung Han Park, Jeong Whan Han, Chang Hee Lee, and Hyung Jun Kim. "Factors of Nozzle Design Affecting on Supersonic Flow in Cold Spray Process." Materials Science Forum 510-511 (March 2006): 1046–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.510-511.1046.

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The cold spray process is a relatively new process using high velocity metallic particles for surface modifications. Metallic powder particles which are injected into a converging-diverging nozzle are accelerated to supersonic velocities. In this study effects of nozzle design such as diameter of nozzle throat and length of converging and diverging part of the nozzle on gas and particle velocities developed after the nozzle exit are investigated.

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