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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Conversation styles'
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Nakatsuhara, Fumiyo. "Conversational styles in group oral tests : how is the conversation co-constructed?" Thesis, University of Essex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499803.
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Wareing, Shan. "Gender, speech styles and the assessment of discussion." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318382.
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Ersoy, Selma. "Men compete, women collaborateA study on collaborative vs : competitive communication styles in mixed-sex conversation." Thesis, Kristianstad University College, School of Teacher Education, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-4844.
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This study is about to see if there are any similarities and differences between male speakers and female speakers in mixed-gender conversations with a special focus on the use of so-called collaborative communication styles and competitive communications styles.
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Iida, Sumiko Modern Language Studies UNSW. "Overlapping in Japanese conversation: communication styles of Japanese long-term residents of Australia in terms of Japanese socio-cultural/gender norms." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Modern Language Studies, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/23975.
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This study analyses overlaps in naturally occurring multi-party conversations among Japanese long-term residents of Australia, to investigate how Australian culture influences their Japanese communication style. One of the study???s interests is how their gendered communication styles appear in Australian English culture. Japanese gendered communication styles have been discussed in the literature, for example that males interrupt females more than vice versa; active participation by males versus passive participation by females in mixed-gender conversations; self-oriented topic initiation by males versus other-oriented topic initiation by females etc. These styles were assumed to be rarely observed in their L1 communication styles in Australia, where English, in which gendered language is less distinctive than Japanese, is spoken, and gender-free society has been more emphasised and practiced than in Japan. Among conversations recorded by the two informants, three multi-party conversations per informant (i.e. six in total) were selected, in which over 2000 overlaps are observed. The study first established a framework of functional overlap classification in terms of the ownership of the conversational floor. Then, based on this frame, all overlaps were classified into a number of functional categories, and were analysed qualitatively as well as quantitatively. The results showed little differences in the Japanese communication styles of the long-term residents of Australia from the Japanese communication styles which have been discussed in the literature, such as frequent use of aizuchi and other cooperative overlaps at and other than at Transition Relevance Places. As for gendered communication style, at least socio-cultural norms between traditional Japanese husband and wife are observed in the informants??? communication style. Although a number of variables that surround the informants need to be considered, the results may suggest that Japanese socio-cultural norms are, at this stage, more stable and they maintain the communication style of the Japanese long-term residents of foreign culture in their first language communication more strongly than was expected. However, different trends may be observed in future.
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Prasitthipab, Suthida. "Family Communication Patterns: Can They Impact Leadership Styles?" TopSCHOLAR®, 2008. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/16.
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Rife, Franchesca R. "From Transgression to Transformation: How Gender Fluidity in Rap is Restructuring the Conversation." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1619023038964272.
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Apostolakis, Roberta. "Literacy Coaching: Approaches, Styles, and Conversations." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27698.
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This study is an investigation of teachersâ perspectives on coaching activities and styles of feedback language used by literacy coaches. Because literacy coaching processes represent a common approach to school-based teacher learning, it is wise to examine their usefulness. The teachers being coached have a key role in shaping and informing the coaching process. Their thoughts on helpful coaching activities and feedback language are important and could enlighten stakeholders in professional development of teachers. The data collection tools for this study included teacher questionnaires and a video-taped session with a focus group of elementary education teachers. The main findings were that teachers perceived literacy coaching activities, especially co-teaching and visiting colleagues, most helpful to construct conceptual and procedural knowledge when they include opportunities for on-going collaboration, teacher autonomy, and active construction of knowledge, and when they occur in classrooms settings with practice and feedback. These findings have implications for why and how educators do professional development in schools.Ed. D.
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HIME, THIAGO ANDRADE PINTO. "CONVERSATIONAL STYLE IN FAMILY THERAPY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2002. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=3713@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROO estudo focaliza os estilos conversacionais emergentes da interação entre terapeutas e clientes no contexto de uma primeira sessão de terapia de família a partir de uma perspectiva teórica de integração entre as ordens institucionais e interacionais do discurso. A partir da análise dos dados, percebemos que a sessão de terapia apresenta uma configuração discursiva híbrida, demonstrando características de discurso institucional e de conversa espontânea, evidenciadas pela natureza do piso conversacional - ora configurando-se como típico da fala do especialista, ora apresentando-se colaborativo, característico de uma fala mais livre - observado no decorrer da interação entre terapeutas e clientes. Argumentamos, então, ao articular os conceitos de ordem institucional e ordem interacional, que essas instâncias de fala-em-interação com características de conversa cotidiana são contextualmente relevantes para a realização do mandato institucional peculiar à terapia de família e não desvios da organização institucional.
This study focuses on the emergent conversational styles in the interaction between therapists and clients in a context of a first session of family therapy from a theoretical point-of-view which aims at integrating the institutional and interactional orders of discourse. It was possible to observe that the therapy session presents a hybrid discursive configuration, displaying the characteristics from both institutional and ordinary talk, which is evidenced by the nature of the conversational floor - at times configuring itself as expert talk, at times structuring itself as spontaneous talk -observed throughout the interaction between therapists and clients. Therefore, by articulating the concepts of institutional order and interactional order, we argue that these instances of talk-in-interaction, characterized as ordinary talk, are contextually relevant for the accomplishment of the institutional mandate peculiar to family therapy and not deviations from the institutional organization.
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Garcez, Pedro de Moraes. "Conflicting conversational styles in a cross-cultural business negotiation." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 1991. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/157716.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e ExpressãoMade available in DSpace on 2016-01-08T17:23:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 84375.pdf: 3767467 bytes, checksum: 89c4ae5f362581e206fffbb9712395b9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1991
Durante 4 dias consecutivos foram gravadas em vídeo reuniões entre dois importadores norte-americanos e dois fabricantes brasileiros. Apresenta-se aqui a micro-análise etnográfica desta interação (Erickson 1991). A partir desta análise foram integrados os dados de pesquisa e isolados os momentos de conflito na interação através de sucinta análise de quadros (Tanner 1984, 1986), identificam-se nestes dados três atividades de fala: especificações técnicas, conversa social e negociação. Com base na abordagem sociolingüística interacional, analisam-se a seguir os momentos de conflito nas tarefas argumentativas durante atividade de negociação (Gumperz 1982a). Esta análise revela dois estilos diferentes para o estabelecimento dos pontos de argumentação: enquanto os importadores norte-americanos apresentam seus pontos para em seguida defendê-los, os fabricantes brasileiros faziam uma série de observações preliminares em defesa de seus pontos antes de apresentá-los. Apresentam-se então 4 problemas de má comunicação gerados por conflitos entre esses estilos. Observou-se que esses conflitos resultam do fato dos participantes não compartilharem das mesmas convenções de contextualização para produzir e interpretar enunciados como pontos de argumentação. Concluiu-se que o uso inadvertido de estilos conversacionais diferentes causou os graves problemas de comunicação apresentados.
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小川, 一美, Kazumi Ogawa, 俊和 吉田, and Toshikazu Yoshida. "発話スタイルがパーソナリティ認知に及ぼす効果(2) :叙述的発話と断片的発話の比較." 名古屋大学教育学部, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/2946.
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Ali, Feisal. "Gender and Language similarities and differences in mixed sex conversations and same sex conversations in the American TV series Modern Family." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avd för utbildningsvetenskap och språk, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-16924.
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The study aimed to analyze females and males in mixed-sex conversations and same-sex conversations using cooperative speech, competitive speech, interruptions, and similarities and differences in their communication styles in the Tv series modern family. Men and women are said to use different speech styles regarding cooperative, competitive, and interruptions. I used three conversations taken from Season 1 Episode 24, Family Portrait, for mixed-sex conversations in my analysis. I also used three same-sex discussions taken from Season 3, Episode 5, Hit and Run, and Season 1, Episode 11, Up all night. The result shows similarities in both same-sex and mixed-sex conversations regarding women’s use of cooperative speech styles and men’s use of competitive speech styles and interruptions. However, my study found differences regarding women in mixed-sex and Same-sex conversations when it comes to interruptions. Women interrupt in mixed-sex discussions and not in same-sex discussions. Therefore, my analysis of the series modern family is in line with previous research on gender and language.
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Shinkuma, Kenichi. "Style Shifting in First-encounter Conversations between Japanese Speakers." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2068.
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This study examines style shift between formal and informal styles in first- encounter conversations between Japanese native speakers and demonstrates how the speakers shifted the speech style in the context. Many researchers have studied this type of style shift and demonstrated that style shifts occur within a single speech context where social factors, such as differences in age, status, and formalness remain constant (e.g., Cook, 2008; Geyer, 2008; Ikuta, 1983; Maynard, 1991; Okamoto, 1999). This study contributed support to these previous studies. In this study, both quantitative and qualitative analyses focusing on Japanese native speakers' use of style shifting in first-encounter conversations were conducted.
The data came from four dyadic first-encounter conversations between Japanese female speakers. The conversations were audio-recorded in a room where the researcher was not present. After recording the four conversations, the researcher conducted follow-up interviews in person or by phone in order to check the validity of my analysis collected for this study.
Overall, all the speakers shifted between formal and informal styles at least ten times, indicating that they did not speak exclusively in one style or the other in the current data. The frequency of style shifts varied depending on the speakers, but in each conversation, the older partners of the pairs shifted their speech style more frequently than the younger partners of the pairs.
Furthermore, this study found six factors that accounted for style shifts between the formal and informal. When (1) introducing a new topic and (2) closing a topic, speakers shifted from informal to formal style. This signaled the opening of a new topic directly to the addressee. On the other hand, they shifted from formal style to informal style when (1) expressing feelings, (2) using self-directed utterances, (3) asking questions for confirmation or inference, and (4) adjusting to the context (formality and/or deference). The follow-up interviews revealed that the factors referred to as (1) expression of feelings, (2) self-directed utterances, and (3) questions for confirmation or inference were used by some speakers unconsciously. The self- directed utterances of factor (2) were divided into three types: soliloquy-like remarks, asking oneself a question, and recalling something. Factor (4) adjusting to the context (formality and/or deference), formal style was used to show politeness toward the addressee, and informal style was used to show friendliness, casualness, or empathy. Friendliness, casualness, or empathy was conveyed by use of informal style when the speakers' utterances brought laughter to the context and/or when the speakers showed empathy for the addressee.
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Summers, Garrett D. "C-SALT: CONVERSATIONAL STYLE ATTRIBUTION GIVEN LEGISLATIVE TRANSCRIPTIONS." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2016. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1617.
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Common authorship attribution is well described by various authors summed up in Jacques Savoy’s work. Namely, authorship attribution is the process “whereby the author of a given text must be determined based on text samples written by known authors [48].” The field of authorship attribution has been explored in various contexts. Most of these works have been done on the authors written text. This work seeks to approach a similar field to authorship attribution. We seek to attribute not a given author to a work based on style, but a style itself that is used by a group of people. Our work classifies an author into a category based off the spoken dialogue they have said, not text they have written down. Using this system, we differentiate California State Legislators from other entities in a hearing. This is done using audio transcripts of the hearing in question. As this is not Authorship Attribution, the work can better be described as ”Conversational Style Attribution”. Used as a tool in speaker identification classifiers, we were able to increase the accuracy of audio recognition by 50.9%, and facial recognition by 51.6%. These results show that our research into Conversational Style Attribution provides a significant benefit to the speaker identification process.
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Thurlow, Katharine Jane. "Conversations with children : interviewer style in evidential and therapeutic interviews." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1999. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/740/.
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According to the Home Office Memorandum (1992), a rapport-building phase should always be included at the start of an interview with a child undertaken for criminal proceedings. Research on rapport-building in investigative interviews with children has tended to focus on interviewer techniques in motivating children to give more detailed narratives in the substantive phase of the interview. Little is understood about the way rapport is built or the importance of the relationship between the police officer and the child. Research on the relationship in psychotherapy, however, has found that it is an important predictor of outcome, and that therapists' in-session behaviours differ in high and low alliance therapies. This study was undertaken to investigate how police officers build rapport in evidential interviews with children, and to explore difference in interviewer verbal behaviour between police officers and clinical child psychologists in initial therapeutic interviews. A brief survey of police officers' and clinical child psychologists' perceptions of the initial phase of an interview with a child was conducted. Verbal behaviours of police officers in the rapport-building phase of investigative interviews with children were explored using Stiles' (1992) verbal response modes (VRM) coding system. These behaviours were then compared with those of clinical child psychologists in initial therapeutic interviews with children. Comparisons were also made between police officers talking to children and published profiles of conversations investigated using Stiles (1992) taxonomy. The results of the survey revealed that police officers (N = 18) and clinical psychologists (N = 22) had similar perceptions of the initial phase of interviews with children. Whilst some differences were found in VRM profiles, with respect to Edification, Advisement, Acknowledgement and Reflection Intents, the speech acts of police officers (N = 44) and clinical psychologists (N = 8) were generally similar. Further analysis of police officers' verbal behaviour revealed significant main and interaction effects of child and interviewer characteristics. Comparisons were made between police officers'VRMs and speakers in other conversational settings. These revealed that police officers spoke to children in rapport-building most like parents talking to children, the clinical child psychologists in this study, and radio programine hosts talking to callers with psychological issues, and least like attorneys questioning witnesses. This study has raised a number of issues for further investigation. Future research should emphasise the importance of investigating the interpersonal processes of rapport-building in evidential interviews with children, and explore differences in the quality of rapport built and the effects of such differences.
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Galvan, Tamara M. "Making connections| Listening to visitor conversations at different styles of sea jelly exhibits." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1523215.
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This study sought to determine what types of connections to prior experiences and knowledge were being made at two different styles of exhibits focusing on sea jellies.
Family groups, consisting of one or two adults with one or two children aged 6-11, were audio recorded and tracked as they visited a view-only or touch pool sea jelly exhibit. A short interview was given after their visit to the sea jelly exhibit. The discourse from the exhibit and survey were coded for types of learning talk. Coding was also done to determine the inspiration for the connection and the subject of the connection (structural or behavioral).
Visitors made connections regardless of the seajelly.exhibit design and results showed no differences in the type or frequency of the connections made. However, visitors were more likely to make connections on the subject of the sea jelly structure at the view only exhibit. Many of the connections, regardless of subject or inspiration, were metaphoric connections, demonstrating the importance of metaphors for making prior experience connections. Findings provide useful information for future aquarium practice.
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Lucchesi, Emilia. "A Linguistic Hybrid? : a study of male linguistic features in female conversation." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för utbildning och ekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-9707.
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This study investigates four women’s use of typically male linguistic features in casual same-sex conversation. The aim of the study is to see whether and how this group of women use the linguistic features; swearing, interrupting, disagreeing and ignoring, questions and monologues (‘playing the expert’) which are all more common in male conversation and often part of a competitive communication style. I will also attempt to answer if these women’s linguistic behavior is typically female or male. The four women were tape recorded during a planned conversation in a casual setting and the recording was transcribed. The transcription was analyzed by using definitions of the linguistic features above made by, for example, Jennifer Coates (2004). The results show that these four women were neither typically female nor male, but a mix of the two; a hybrid.
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Hutton, James Stuart. "A study of emerging style in the development of contructive conversations." Thesis, Brunel University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332066.
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Fukushima, Mihoko. "Displays of social relationality in Japanese conversation : speech style shifts, humour and gender." Thesis, University of Essex, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.528843.
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Cooper, Constance M. "Gender differences in conversational style : an experiment in interpersonal communication." PDXScholar, 1992. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4212.
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Communication problems and conflict may occur between partners in intimate dyads when systematic gender differences in language contribute to misinterpretations.
This research investigated effects of gender on interpretations of hypothetical conversations between dyads, and also on judgments of likelihood of conflict.
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Reineman, Juliana Theresa. "Examining English as a second language: Textbooks from a constructivist perspective." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2946.
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Latham, Annabel Marie. "Personalising learning with dynamic prediction and adaptation to learning styles in a conversational intelligent tutoring system." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2011. http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/313169/.
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This thesis presents research that combines the benefits of intelligent tutoring systems (ITS), conversational agents (CA) and learning styles theory by constructing a novel conversational intelligent tutoring system (CITS) called Oscar. Oscar CITS aims to imitate a human tutor by implicitly predicting individuals’ learning style preferences and adapting its tutoring style to suit them during a tutoring conversation. ITS are computerised learning systems that intelligently personalise tutoring based on learner characteristics such as existing knowledge and learning style. ITS are traditionally student-led, hyperlink-based learning systems that adapt the presentation of learning resources by reordering or hiding links. Research suggests that students learn more effectively when instruction matches their learning style, which is typically modelled explicitly using questionnaires or implicitly based on behaviour. Learning is a social process and natural language interfaces to ITS, such as CAs, allow students to construct knowledge through discussion. Existing CITS adapt tutoring according to student knowledge, emotions and mood, however no CITS adapts to learning styles. Oscar CITS models a human tutor by directing a tutoring conversation and automatically detecting and adapting to an individual’s learning styles. Original methodologies and architectures were developed for constructing an Oscar Predictive CITS and an Oscar Adaptive CITS. Oscar Predictive CITS uses knowledge captured from a learning styles model to dynamically predict learning styles from an individual’s tutoring dialogue. Oscar Adaptive CITS applies a novel adaptation algorithm to select the best tutoring style for each tutorial question. The Oscar CITS methodologies and architectures are independent of the learning styles model and subject domain. Empirical studies involving real students have validated the prediction and adaptation of learning styles in a real-world teaching/learning environment. The results show that learning styles can be successfully predicted from a natural language tutoring dialogue, and that adapting the tutoring style significantly improves learning performance.
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Paoliello, Noara de Oliveira. "Telemann e a França: gênero e estilo nos quartetos de Telemann e a inovação dos Nouveaux Quatuors." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27157/tde-01022017-111037/.
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A relação de Georg PhilippTelemann (1681-1767) com o gosto francês remonta ao início das atividades musicais do compositor, com ponto alto em sua viagem a Paris (1737), se estendendo até o final de sua vida. Esta pesquisa investiga as categorias de quartetos setecentistas a partir das definições de Scheibe (1740) e Quantz (1752), traçando o percurso dos gêneros e estilos nos quatuors de Telemann - com ênfase nos Nouveaux Quatuors (Paris, 1738). Este trabalho dá especial atenção ao estilo de conversação, ou diálogo - mencionado por Brossard (1708) e Mattheson (1739) - em contraste com os quartetos sonata em estilo contrapontístico anteriores. No que se refere ao estilo, caráter e função (delectare), o gênero de conversação encontra eco nos textos franceses setecentistas que tratam da arte da conversação galante em voga nos salões franceses no séc. XVIII. Propõe-se estudar mais profundamente os gêneros e estilos nos quartetos de Telemann, abordando desde seus primeiros, não publicados, a suas últimas coleções (publicadas em Hamburgo e em Paris), a fim de investigar como o compositor foi gradativamente desenvolvendo novas maneiras de compor a 4.The relationship of Georg Philipp Telemann (1681-1767) with French taste goes back to the beginning of the composer\'s musical activities, with highlight on his trip to Paris (1737), to the end of his life. This research investigates the categories of eighteenth-century quartets starting from Scheibe (1740) and Quantz (1752) definitions, tracing the route of genres and styles in Telemann\'s quatuors - with emphasis to Nouveaux Quatuors (Paris, 1738). Special attention is given to the conversational style, or dialogue - mentioned by Brossard (1708) and Mattheson (1739) - in contrast to the previous quartet sonatas in contrapuntal style. With regard to the style, character and function (delectare), the conversation genre is echoed in eighteenth-century French texts dealing with art of gallant conversation in vogue in the French salons in XVIII century. It is proposed to study more deeply the genres and styles in Telemann\'s quatuors, analyzing from his first, unpublished, to the latest collections (published in Hamburg and Paris) in order to investigate how the composer was gradually developing new ways of composing for 4 voices.
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SOUZA, MARCO AURELIO SILVA. "THE CONVERSATIONAL STYLES OF THE AERIAL REPORTER ON THE CONTEXT OF RADIOS IN THE CITY OF RIO DE JANEIRO." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2013. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=22264@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
O foco do estudo são os estilos conversacionais de repórteres aéreos em rádios da cidade do Rio de Janeiro durante a transmissão de notícias em tempo real sobre o fluxo do trânsito na cidade. O objetivo consiste em avaliar como os repórteres aéreos alternam seus estilos em função da audiência e do contexto situacional do trânsito em um grande centro urbano. A pesquisa parte da perspectiva teórica da sociolinguística interacional, em interface com a teoria da acomodação e do design da audiência, em contextos de ordem micro e macro. A discussão do conceito de estilo conversacional é fundamental, no âmbito das teorias em articulação. Conceitos também importantes são os de tipos de atividade, avaliação, enquadre, alinhamento, pistas de contextualização e conversa cotidiana. A pesquisa se pauta pela investigação qualitativa, de natureza interpretativa. A análise baseia-se em dados gerados mediante gravação de notícias sobre o fluxo do trânsito com quatro repórteres aéreos, em seis emissoras de rádio FM do Rio de Janeiro. Os dados foram transcritos de acordo com convenções da análise da conversa e foram analisados no curso da fala-eminteração dos repórteres aéreos com locutores das rádio e com foco na audiência no trânsito. O estudo mostra que os mesmos repórteres aéreos variam seus estilos conversacionais em diferentes rádios, com diferentes tipos de discurso, variando entre um estilo conversacional informativo de baixo envolvimento interpessoal em algumas rádios e um estilo conversacional informativo de alto envolvimento interpessoal em outras.
The present study focuses on the conversational styles of the aerial reporters on radio stations during the transmission of real-time news about the traffic flow in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The study aims to evaluate how the aerial reporters shift their styles depending on the audience and the situational context of traffic on a great city. The theoretical perspective lies on interactional sociolinguistics and its relation to the social accommodation theory and audience design, in micro and macro contexts. The discussion on the concept of conversational style is crucial, on the scope of the related theories. Other important concepts deal with speech activity and evaluation; framing, alignment, contextualization cues and discourse strategies. The research are characterized on the qualitative and interpretative investigation. The analysis is based on the recording of news about the traffic flow from four aerial reporters in six FM radio stations in Rio de Janeiro. The data were transcribed according to the conventions of conversation analysis and analyzed on the scope of talk-in-interaction from the aerial reporters and radio announcers focusing on the audience on traffic. The study shows that the same aerial reporters shift their conversational styles in different radios, performing different discourse types, varying from a low involvement interpersonal conversational informative style on some radio stations to a high involvement interpersonal conversational informative style on other radio stations.
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Uh, Soojin. "British and Korean politeness management style in a first-encounter conversation : a cross-cultural analysis of language, behaviour and emotion." Thesis, University of York, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/8065/.
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Many previous researchers have studied politeness in terms of linguistic strategies which are used to mitigate Face Threatening Acts (FTAs) (e.g. Brown & Levinson, 1987). The nonstrategic politeness was defined in the present study as a general behavioural and face management style in a first-encounter interaction with a stranger with equal status, a situation without apparent FTAs. Three samples of British-British (B-B) pairs, Korean-Korean (K-K) pairs, and Korean-British (K-B) pairs were recruited for video-recorded dyadic conversations. After a 15-minute conversation, they were then asked to answer a questionnaire. The questionnaire contained questions to rate themselves and their interlocutors on six dimensions: Kindness, Politeness, Likeability, Formality, Relaxation, and Interest. The participants were also asked to provide reasons for their ratings. Analyses of the participants' questionnaire responses found the following results. (1) All participants tended to rate their interlocutors more positively than themselves on evaluative dimensions among the six. (2) The K-K group showed a more modest tendency in their ratings compared to the B-B group. (3) The Korean participants of the K-B group had the most divergent ratings between their self-ratings and their interlocutor's ratings of them. (4) Significant correlations of Politeness with Likeability and Relaxation were found to be exclusive to the B-B group, whereas it was Formality and Interest for the K-K group. (5) Identification of social distance and the use of conventional language were the K-K group's cultural-specific reason types for positive evaluations of Politeness. The B-B group attributed their positive ratings on Politeness to turn-taking management. Analyses of the video data focused on five target behaviours: posture, interruptions, mirroring responses, age-disclosure, and self-deprecation. The results of these analyses appeared to be largely consistent with the findings from the questionnaire responses. The B-B group held relaxed postures longer than the K-K group. Covering interruptions and mirroring responses by repeating were more frequently used by K-K than B-B. The K-K group's self-presentation was closely related to Koreans' cultural emphasis on the value of interdependence and hierarchical relations, compared to the B-B group. British and Korean self-politeness management styles are discussed based on the overall results.
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Bird, Mary. "The influence of psychological sex role classification and self esteem on conversational style in adolescent females /." Title page, summary and abstract only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SPS/09spsb618.pdf.
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Topham, Emma. "Assertion and accommodation : a study of the assertive language in the conversations of school-age (5-13 years) girls." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/20961.
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This study aimed to investigate the use of accommodation of assertive utterances (AUs) in the conversations of 49 girls aged 5;0-13;1. Based on the findings of earlier research that the use of such language is more closely related to age than to gender, it was predicted speakers would accommodate their use of and response to assertive utterances as a result of their partner's age. Naturalistic language from these speakers was collected over a year, and evidence of accommodation was observed in all speakers. Fewer AUs were used with younger speakers compared to older ones, and those used with younger girls were more likely to be produced with the sole purpose of controlling the hearer's behaviour. In addition, AUs were more likely to be complied with, or accepted, when they were produced by older girls. Given what is known about the types of language used by powerful/powerless individuals, it appears that these speakers consider age to be an indicator of status. A particularly interesting finding was that it was the age of a speaker in relation to other members of the conversation that influenced their use of and response to AUs, rather than the age of the speaker alone.
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Suikkari, K. (Kristiina). "Sverigefinsk samtalsstil:om inlärning av ett andraspråks pragmatiska färdigheter." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2004. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514273419.
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Abstract The present study aims to map out the extent to which bilingual Sweden-Finnish teenagers can make use of their second language Swedish in order to communicate pragmatic information. The main aim is to study whether speakers of a second language can achieve near-native competence in the second language, i.e. whether their conversational style is identical with that of first-language speakers. The material consists of audiotaped simulated dialogues. The starting-point of the analysis is the idea that the conversational strategies used by a speaker reveal his global conversational style. The present study is concerned with very advanced second-language speakers. They were born in Sweden to Finnish families, with Finnish as their first language. The official language in school and elsewhere in society is Swedish. However, they live in a society which is highly bilingual and where Finnish can be used – and is used by the present informants – in everyday life in more informal contexts. Even though the informants can be regarded as very advanced speakers of Swedish, the analysis suggests that their use of Swedish is different from that of the native speakers. Furthermore, the analysis shows no signs of pragmatic transfer from the Sweden-Finnish speakers' first language Finnish into their second language Swedish – or vice versa. The Sweden-Finnish speakers follow a Finnish conversational style when speaking Finnish, but they do not transfer this style into their performance in Swedish. Nevertheless, their conversational style in Swedish deviates from that of native Swedish speakersAbstrakt Föreliggande avhandling har som syfte att beskriva tvåspråkiga sverigefinska ungdomars sätt att använda sig av andraspråket svenska när det gäller det pragmatiska språkbruket. Det övergripande målet i analysen är att studera om andraspråkstalare kan nå infödd nivå i andraspråket, dvs. om deras samtalsstil på andraspråket är identisk med infödda talares. Materialet består av simulerade dialoger. Analysen utgår från tanken att de strategier som talare använder sig av i interaktion avspeglar den övergripande, globala samtalsstil som gäller i ett helt samtal. Det gäller här mycket avancerade andraspråkstalare. De är födda i Sverige i finskspråkiga familjer med finska som förstaspråk. Det officiella språket i skolan och i övrigt i samhället är svenska. Det aktuella samhället är dock starkt tvåspråkigt där finska kan användas – och används av de aktuella informanterna – i det vardagliga livet i mer informella kontexter. även om det är fråga om mycket avancerade andraspråkstalare, tyder den aktuella analysen på att det finns drag i deras andraspråk svenska som avviker från de infödda talarnas språkbruk. Analysen avslöjar vidare inga tecken på pragmatisk transfer från de sverigefinska informanternas förstaspråk finska över till deras svenska – eller omvänt. De ser ut att följa den finska samtalsstilen i samtal på finska men överför inte denna stil till samtal på svenska
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LIU, JIA. "Possible Factors Affecting Women’s Conversational Style : An Investigation of Hedges Used by Women in the American TV-series Desperate Housewives." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för Lärarutbildning, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-7793.
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Gentilezza, Laura. "Style, espace et corps : trois approches du rapport de l'écrivain à sa langue dans le projet littéraire d’Hernán Ronsino." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC0102/document.
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Le projet littéraire d’Hernán Ronsino (Chivilcoy, Argentine, 1975) présente actuellement une charnière spatiale et temporelle qui, sans laisser de côté sa poétique sur la langue, s’apprête à retrouver un nouvel élan. Cet auteur a commencé à publier dans les années 2000, moment où des nouvelles maisons d’édition ont ouvert leurs portes aux jeunes écrivains, peu connus. Dans ce contexte de renouveau, les questionnements sur la langue littéraire se sont multipliés. Le travail de Ronsino propose depuis cette époque une réflexion sur la langue et sur la condition linguistique des êtres humains. Il intègre dans la diégèse cet état d’esprit expérimental vis-à-vis de la langue littéraire. Lorsque le champ littéraire questionnait sa langue, cet écrivain a bâti son projet à partir de la poétisation de ces réflexions. Son rapport à la langue est pour nous l’aspect le plus important de sa poétique.L’étude que nous proposons dans cette thèse cherche à déterminer les piliers de son projet, ainsi qu’à formuler, à travers ses mots lorsqu’il s’exprime dans des entretiens à propos de son écriture, des catégories qui permettent d’analyser son travail créatif. Cette perspective méthodologique constitue, à notre sens, un point de départ conséquent dans notre démarche de croisement du texte fictionnel et de la parole de l’écrivain. Pour développer ces propos, nous présentons une thèse à deux parties.Dans la première partie, divisée en trois chapitres, nous menons une étude intégrale de la stylistique de ses quatre premiers livres. Nous analysons la manière dont Ronsino travaille la temporalité d’un point de vue transtextuel, s’appuyant sur la figure de la répétition. Les liens établis avec d’autres textes deviennent une caisse de résonance construisant une image du régime d’historicité. À cet égard, la répétition sert à élaborer une organisation temporelle à l’intérieur de son projet, ainsi qu’à insérer dans son propre discours la formulation d’autres écrivains. Ronsino cherche surtout à faire de la phrase la face visible d’une « poétique de l’accent ». En effet, nous trouvons au sein de son projet le désir d’écrire l’oralité de son village natal.Dans la deuxième partie nous abordons deux notions dérivées de la poétique de l’accent: l’espace et le corps. La matérialité du livre est au centre d’un intérêt pour une écriture historiquement dense. Cette matérialité participe à la poétisation de l’espace réel et met en avant une approche de la littérature en tant qu’art graphique. Dans ces circonstances, le corps joue un rôle déterminant à l’heure de penser l’écriture dans la dimension gestuelle et corporelle. Il s’agit, après tout, d’une pratique qui engage pleinement le corps. Ainsi, la littérature peut entraîner une pensée du corps qui permet une approche biopoétique des textesHernán Ronsino's literary project (Chivilcoy, Argentina, 1975) presents a spatial and temporal hinge that, without leaving aside its poetics on the language, is about to regain a new momentum. This author began publishing in the 2000s, when new publishing houses opened their doors to young lesser-known writers. In this context of renewal, questions about the literary language have multiplied. Since then, Ronsino's work has been a reflection on language and the linguistic condition of human beings. In his diegesis, he integrates this experimental state of mind vis-à-vis the literary language. When the literary field questioned his language, this writer built his project from the poetization of these reflections. His relation to language is for us the most important aspect of his poetics.The study that we propose in this thesis seeks to determine the pillars of his project, as well as to formulate, through his words when he expresses himself in interviews about his writing, categories that make it possible to analyze his creative work. This methodological perspective is, in our opinion, a starting point in our approach to cross the fictional text and the writer's words. To develop these words, we present a two-part thesis.In the first part, divided into three chapters, we conduct an integral study of the stylistics of his first four books. We analyze the way in which Ronsino works temporality from a transtextual point of view, based on the figure of repetition. Links established with other texts become a box of resonance building an image of the regime of historicity. In this respect, repetition serves to elaborate a temporal organization within one's project, as well as to insert in one's speech the formulation of other writers. Ronsino seeks, above all, to make the sentence the visible face of a "poetics of the accent". Indeed, in his project we find the desire to write the orality of his native village.In the second part, we address two notions derived from the poetics of the accent: space and the body. The materiality of the book is at the center of an interest in historically dense writing. This materiality contributes to the poetization of real space and puts forward an approach to literature as a graphic art. In these circumstances, the body plays a decisive role when it comes to thinking about writing in the gestural and corporal dimension. It is, after all, a practice that fully engages the body. Thus, literature can lead to a body thinking that allows a biopoetique approach to texts
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KOSMYNA, DAVID J. "WHAT YA WANT ME TO DO?: A GUIDE TO PLAYING JAZZ TRUMPET/CORNET IN THE NEW ORLEANS STYLE." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1148060987.
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Rajagopal, Manoj Kumar. "Cloning with gesture expressivity." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00719301.
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Virtual environments allow human beings to be represented by virtual humans or avatars. Users can share a sense of virtual presence is the avatar looks like the real human it represents. This classically involves turning the avatar into a clone with the real human's appearance and voice. However, the possibility of cloning the gesture expressivity of a real person has received little attention so far. Gesture expressivity combines the style and mood of a person. Expressivity parameters have been defined in earlier works for animating embodied conversational agents.In this work, we focus on expressivity in wrist motion. First, we propose algorithms to estimate three expressivity parameters from captured wrist 3D trajectories: repetition, spatial extent and temporal extent. Then, we conducted perceptual study through a user survey the relevance of expressivity for recognizing individual human. We have animated a virtual agent using the expressivity estimated from individual humans, and users have been asked whether they can recognize the individual human behind each animation. We found that, in case gestures are repeated in the animation, this is perceived by users as a discriminative feature to recognize humans, while the absence of repetition would be matched with any human, regardless whether they repeat gesture or not. More importantly, we found that 75 % or more of users could recognize the real human (out of two proposed) from an animated virtual avatar based only on the spatial and temporal extents. Consequently, gesture expressivity is a relevant clue for cloning. It can be used as another element in the development of a virtual clone that represents a person
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Castellà, Josep M. "La Complexitat lingüística en el discurs oral i escrit: densitat lèxica, composició oracional i connexió textual." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7486.
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La present tesi consisteix en una anàlisi compativa de tres gèneres de discurs ?conversa informal (llengua oral prototípica), classe magistral (gènere intermedi) i prosa acadèmica (llengua escrita prototípica)? en català, en tres aspectes de l'estructuració i la complexitat lingüística: la densitat lèxica, la composició oracional i la connexió textual (total: 90 trets lèxics, gramaticals i textuals analitzats). Els objectius principals són a/ dotar la lingüística catalana d'una descripció detallada, fins ara inexistent, del contrast lingüístic entre oralitat i escriptura, i b/ fer una aportació a la recerca internacional sobre el tema per intervenir, d'una banda, en el debat originat sobre la complexitat sintàctica i, especialment, sobre la presència d'oracions subordinades en els dos modes de discurs i, de l'altra, per ampliar aquesta mena d'investigació a l'àmbit del discurs, com han reclamat alguns tractadistes.La presente tesis consiste en un análisis comparativo de tres géneros de discurso ?conversación informal (lengua oral prototípica), clase magistral (género intermedio) y prosa académica (lengua escrita prototípica)? en catalán, en tres aspectos de la estructuración y la complejidad lingüística: la densidad léxica, la composición oracional y la conexión textual (total: 90 rasgos léxicos, gramaticales y textuales analizados). Los objetivos principales son a/ dotar la lingüística catalana de una descripción detallada, hasta ahora inexistente, del contraste lingüístico entre oralidad y escritura, y b/ hacer una aportación a la investigación internacional sobre el tema para intervenir, por un lado, en el debate originado sobre la complejidad sintáctica y, especialmente, sobre la presencia de oraciones subordinadas en los dos modos de discurso y, por otro lado, para ampliar este tipo de investigación al ámbito del discurso, como han reclamado algunos tratadistas.
The present work consists of a comparative analysis of three discourse genres --informal conversation (prototypical oral language), academic lecture (intermediate genre), and academic prose (prototypical written language)-- in Catalan, focusing on three aspects of linguistic structure and complexity: lexical density, sentence composition, and textual connexion (total: 90 lexical, grammatical, and textual features analysed). The main purposes are: (a) to provide Catalan linguistics with a detailed description --non-available so far-- of the linguistic opposition between literacy and speech; and (b) to make a contribution to the international research in this field in order to, on the one hand, participate in the discussion about the syntactic complexity, and, especially, about the presence of subordinated clauses in the two modes of discourse, and, on the other, extend this kind of research to the discourse level, as some researchers have claimed.
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Lin, Chiu-ping, and 林秋萍. "Maternal Speech Styles in Mother-Child Conversation: A Study of Mandarin Chinese." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54930540668271356772.
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HanLi and 李翰. "Interaction Style Detection Based on Fused Cross-Correlation Model In Spoken Conversation." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54379637882331125888.
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碩士國立成功大學
資訊工程學系碩博士班
100
Abstract Interaction Style Detection Based on Fused Cross-Correlation Model in Spoken Conversation Han Li* Chung-Hsien Wu** Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C. In this thesis, a multi-modal fusion technology named Fused Cross-Correlation Model (FCCM) is proposed. The user’s emotion, personality trait and dialogue history information are combined for user's interaction style (IS) detection to deal with the problem of monotonic responses in a conventional spoken dialogue system (SDS). The responses generated from the SDS can be versatile based on user's interaction style instead of randomly selecting a pre-defined response, so that the conversations between human and system will be more dynamic and natural. It's not an easy task to detect IS based on the low level features, because IS includes some high level psychological meaning. Accordingly, emotion recognition and personality trait detection are employed in IS detection. Because IS is a long-term external expression, historical conversations' IS information is also integrated into IS detection. Finally, the cross correlation coefficients among emotion, personality trait and history information and IS are estimated using a training corpus for the FCCM construction. Moreover, prosodic features and linguistic features of users' speech are conducted in feature extraction. However, the emotional speech will inflect the performance of auto speech recognizer (ASR). To solve this problem, we separate our corpus into two categories according to the arousal level, and then use them to train the acoustic models of ASR separately. After this process, the result from ASR will be more robust. Then we apply Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) to extract the latent semantic features, which compose the linguistic features. Support vector machine (SVM) is utilized to train personality trait detection model and IS scoring model. On the other hand, we propose a new method considering emotion temporal course to improve the emotion recognition accuracy. Finally, the result of emotion recognition, personality trait detection, IS scoring and historical IS will be combined and fused into FCCM to get the final IS detection result. Experimental results show that the performance of the proposed approach can achieve 73.09% accuracy, which is 11.21% better than SVM for IS detection. The results confirm that the correlations among IS, emotion and personality trait are beneficial to IS detection in a spoken dialogue system. Keyword - Interaction Style, Fused Cross-Correlation Model, FCCM * The Author ** The Advisor
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Liu, Guan Nan, and 劉冠男. "Maternal interactional styles and topic maintenance in mandarin mother-child conversational interactions." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57737690960567454775.
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碩士國立政治大學
語言學研究所
98
The purpose of the study is to investigate the interaction of the maternal interactional styles and topic maintenance in Mandarin mother-child conversational interaction. There are three research questions: (a) What are the mothers’ interactional styles in the current case? (b) What are the differences among children’s competences of topic maintenance? (c) How do the maternal interaction styles interact with topic maintenance in the conversational interactions? Naturally occurring conversations of two dyads' conversational interactions were adopted as the data and analyzed. Results suggested that while the two mothers differed in terms of their interactional styles, the two children showed nearly equal sophistication in terms of their topic-maintaining competences. Examinations of the two dyads' interactions also revealed that the directive mother was less interested in maintaining the conversations, changed topics more frequently, and maintained discourse topics for less turns. The conversation-eliciting mother paid more attention on maintaining of the conversations, change topics less frequently, and maintained discourse topics for much more turns.
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Yi-hui, Li, and 李怡慧. "Gender Differences in Conversational Styles among Senior High School Students in Taiwan." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78548311075896807489.
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碩士輔仁大學
語言學研究所
92
ABSTRACT It is widely reported that males and females differ in conversational styles. Pervious studies on the language behaviors, however, have mainly focused on describing the gender differences of the native English speakers. Little attention has been given to the differences between male and female native Chinese speakers. Besides, most of the previous studies on this topic have concentrated on adults or children’s linguistic behavior. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether Chinese senior high school boys and girls have any differences in their conversational styles under the competitive and cooperative dimensions when they speak Chinese. The data needed in this study were collected from 60 senior high school students in Taiwan. Their age range is from 16-18 years old. I have randomly selected five senior high schools in each part of Taiwan（i.e. the north, central, and south area）. There are 15 four-party conversations. Two boys and two girls in each group are asked to converse with each other for at least 30 minutes in Chinese. The investigator does not specify any specific topics. All the data collected are recorded and transcribed for analysis. Statistical measures such as frequency, percentage and Chi-Square for the six coded variables under (1) the competitive dimension, such as turn-takings, interruptions and topic shifting; and (2) the cooperative dimension, such as questions, minimal responses and laughter, are counted to determine whether the boys and girls typically show any gender-differentiated conversational style when speaking. The results of this study indicate that there is no significant gender difference in competitive dimension. On the other hand, there is a significant difference in cooperative dimension. There are six findings listed as follows: (1) The frequency in turn-takings of boys is higher then that of girls. The relative percentages are 51.4%(M) and 48.6(F). Overall, the difference in “Turn-taking” is not significant. (2) Boys interrupt others more frequently than girls, as they make about 51% of interruptions. But, the difference in “Interruption” is not significant. (3) Boys initiate more topic changes than girls in interaction, as they produce 54% of topic shifting in conversations. But there is also no significant gender difference in this feature. (4) Girls ask more questions than boys in interaction. The relative percentages of the two genders are 47% (M) and 53%(F). The difference is not significant. When the subtypes of questions are considered, it is found that the two genders are most likely to ask interrogative-word questions (IWQ) and less to use choice questions (CHQ). Meanwhile, it is also found that boys tend to use more tag questions (TGQ) than girls. (5) Girls give more minimal responses than boys in conversation. The relative percentages in this feature are 49.6% (M) and 50.4%(F). There is no significant difference in using “Minimal responses”. (6) Girls give more laugher as a kind of non-verbal feedback than boys, as they give about two times as much laughter as boys in interaction. Comparatively, I find that boys use more “speaker-laughter”, while girls more “listener-laughter”. There is a significant difference in giving “Laughter” as a feedback between the two genders. Through this study, we are able to see the differences in language behavior between boys and girls. The results also lead us to take the causes of socio-cultural perspective to understand the social relations between the two genders. With respect to the uses of some gender-related linguistic features, we know that the gender differences in language behaviors change somewhat in different generations in modern society.
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Chuang, Po-Kai, and 莊博凱. "A Study on Chinese Grade Children's Conversational Styles in Same-sex vs. Mixed-sex Dyads." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28795940753003026025.
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碩士國立成功大學
外國語文學系碩博士班
94
The purpose of the study aims to investigate the differences in conversational styles used by third graders among the three different pair types. The use of language in the conversation reflects the cultural and social background of the speakers. Moreover, the conversational styles reveal not only the identity of the speakers but also the relationships of the speakers in their speech community. There were 30 subjects, 15 boys and 15 girls, in the study. They were paired in 15 dyads, which consisted of five boy-boy dyads, five girl-girl dyads and five boy-girl dyads. All subjects were asked to discuss a topic for five minutes. Their speech was tape-recorded and then analyzed and compared by ANOVA and HSD. The results of the study are as follows. 1. The girls in the same-sex dyads and the subjects in the mixed-sex dyads were more productive in the amount of words and MLT than the boys in the same-sex dyads. 2. In total simultaneous speech, the girls talking to the same sex tended to interrupt the flow of speech more frequently. However, this tendency was considerably decreased when the girls and the boys talked in the mixed-sex dyads. 3. The most frequently used personal pronoun was “we”. The girls in the same-sex dyads retained a strong peer group notion. 4. In the total number of questions raised by the three pair types, the third grade girls and boys in the same-sex dyads did not show significant differences. Nevertheless, the girls in the mixed-sex dyads seemed to ask more questions than the boys in the mixed-sex dyads. 5. There was no statistical difference in agreement responses, bald disagreement and modified disagreement across the three pair types. However, all subjects tended to use indirect disagreement rather than straight denial. 6. The girls in the same-sex dyads used more mitigated directives than the boys did in the same-sex dyads.
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Huang, Feng-chih, and 黃豐智. "Gender Differences in Chinese and English Conversational Styles between Female and Male Chinese College Students." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38848611840579640353.
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碩士國立高雄師範大學
英語學系
87
Abstract It is widely reported that males and females differ in conversational styles. However, studies on this topic have mainly concentrated on describing the differences between male and female native English speakers. Little attention has been given to the differences between males and females speaking other languages such as Chinese. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether Chinese males and females produce any differences in their conversational styles when they speak Chinese as well as when they speak English (as a foreign language). 10 male and 10 female undergraduates from the English Department of National Kaohsiung Normal University (NKNU) were involved in this study. Each male was paired with a female, resulting in 10 mixed-sex dyads. The 10 dyads were recorded as they engaged in a 12-minute Chinese discussion on an issue and a 12-minute English discussion on another issue. The recordings of the spontaneously occurring conversations produced by the 10 dyads were then transcribed and coded for the six variables: (a) amount of speech, (b) interruptions, (c) questions, (d) laughter, (e) minimal responses, and (f) topic changes. The frequency and the percentage of each variable were used to describe the fundamental differences in conversational styles between males and females of this study. A series of t tests for each variable across the two gender groups were conducted with the Chinese and English data to determine whether the males and females typically presented any significant gender-differentiated conversational styles when they spoke Chinese as well as when they spoke English. The major findings are summarized as follows: 1. Females contributed a larger amount of speech than males in two languages, as they produced more words and turns and a larger MLT. But this difference was not statistically significant. 2. Males interrupted more than females in two languages, as they made about 58% of interruptions. But this difference was not statistically significant. 3. Females asked more questions than males in two languages, as they asked two and a half times as many questions as males in Chinese conversation and two times as many questions as males in English conversation. This difference was statistically significant. When the types of questions were considered, it was found that females were more likely than males to ask yes-no questions and A-not-A questions in Chinese conversation, and more likely to use final-rise questions and tag questions in English conversation. This difference was also statistically significant. 4. Females laughed more than males in two languages, as they produced twice as many laughs as males in Chinese conversation and four times as many laughs as males in English conversation. While this difference was not statistically significant in Chinese conversation, it was significant in English conversation. When two types of laughter (speaker-laughter and listener-laughter) were examined, it was found that females used more speaker-laughter in two languages, and this difference was significant in English conversation. 5. Females gave more minimal responses than males in Chinese conversation, as they produced 55.5% of minimal responses. Males gave slightly more minimal responses in English conversation, as they produced 51.8% of minimal responses. But there were no statistically significant differences in the two cases. 6. Females initiated more topic changes than males in two languages, as they produced 65.5% of topic changes in Chinese conversation and 55% of topic changes in English conversation. But this difference was not statistically significant.
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Mtetwa, Thandazile Grace Nokukhanya. "Growing up with violent fathers: conversations with daughters." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4759.
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The effects of having witnessed their fathers’ violent behaviour impacts on daughters for a
long period afterwards, even in adulthood. This study explores this phenomenon by means of
literature review and interviews. The literature indicates that the effects of paternal violence is
linked to forced maturity, secrecy, pretending, self-blame, and negative impact on the
daughter’s relationships with both parents. A narrative approach was used to interview three
adult participants. The conversations were analysed using thematic analysis and hermeneutics.
Themes that emerged include avoidance, ambivalence towards the parents, aggression,
assertiveness, and over-responsibility. There is a tendency to avoid intense, emotionally-laden,
ambiguous and unpredictable situations through the use of interpersonal vigilance, an
emotionally strong poise, distancing, being agreeable and devoutness. Also, there is a fear of
becoming just like their abusive father. The psychological impact of being witness to a father’s
violent behaviours has long-lasting effects on daughters.Psychology
M.A. (Clinical Psychology)
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Yan, Yu-liang, and 晏毓良. "Nice "Typing" to You! Gender Differences between Male''s and Female''s Conversational Styles on BBS in Taiwan." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/dzs5s5.
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碩士國立高雄師範大學
英語學系
88
In the field of sociolinguistics, many studies have been conducted to investigate the differences between women’s and men’s conversational styles. In these studies, the language in question is usually English and the data collected from conversations in real life. Little effort has been made to look at the talk taking place on BBS, which has become a craze among young people lately in Taiwan. Therefore, this study aims to understand whether there is any difference between women’s and men’s talk on BBS and, if there is, to explain how and why they are different. Twenty mixed-sex BBS conversation records were obtained by the courtesy of 20 BBS users. These conversation records were coded through six variables: amount of speech, minimal responses, laughs, final particles, emoticons, and creative language use. Creative language use is classified into three categories, i.e., phonetic symbols used as characters, newly-coined phrases or transliterations, and Taiwanese accent mimicries. The major findings are encapsulated in the following. 1. Little difference was found between women and men in the amount of talk. On average, women and men were found to contribute almost the same amount of characters, turns, and mean length of a turn (MLT). 2. Ten men were found to use more minimal responses than women, but on average men used 35% more minimal responses than women. 3. On average, men laughed 16.1 times during the conversation while their counterparts laughed only 13.6 times, which was a 15.6% difference. 4. Final particle is the only variable that men produced less than women in this study, but the difference is not very significant. Women on average attached 40.0 final particles to the end of their utterances, while men did that 6.35% less frequently, averaging 37.4 only. 5. Men were found to use 28.9% more emoticons to express their feelings than were women. However, 60% of the subjects did not use any emoticons and only 25% of them used more than one emoticon, which suggested that the use of emoticons was actually not a common practice on BBS. 6. Males were found to substitute 33.4% more phonetic symbols for Chinese characters, 46.2% more new phrases or transliterations, and 55.7% more Taiwanese accent mimicries. In total, men showed a 39.8% higher tendency to be creative in their language.
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Wüsthoff, Cornelia. "Das Genfer Modell zur Diskursanalyse - Möglichkeiten und Grenzen seiner Anwendung in der Exegese des Neuen Testaments = The Geneva model of discourse analysis and its application to New Testament exegesis: potential and limitations." Diss., 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1299.
Full textAbstract:
Summaries in German and EnglishThe Geneva model of discourse analysis is a linguistic tool developed by Eddy Roulet and his team in Geneva. It was first presented in its modular approach in 1999. This dissertation examines whether the Geneva model can be applied to New Testament texts and whether this application yields results for exegesis. I first explain the model with its five basic modules and twelve organization forms, giving examples from German texts as well as simple New Testament examples. Then I apply the model to two New Testament texts (Rom 6:1,11 and John 8:31,42), summarizing the results in relation to exegesis at the end of each analysis. In the final chapter I discuss which parts of the Geneva model should generally be applied to New Testament exegesis, explaining its potential and its limitations and suggesting some areas in which the Geneva model could be complemented by other approaches.
Das Genfer Modell ist ein von Eddy Roulet und seinem Team in Genf entwickelter linguistischer Ansatz zur Diskursanalyse. Er wurde 1999 erstmalig in seiner modularen Auspragung vorgestellt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird untersucht, ob dieses Modell auf neutestamentliche Texte angewendet werden kann und ob diese Anwendung einen Ertrag fur die Exegese bringt. Ich erlautere dazu das Modell mit seinen funf Grundmodulen und zwolf Modulverbindungen zunachst an deutschen und einfachen neutestamentlichen Beispielen. Sodann wende ich das Modell auf zwei neutestamentliche Texte an (Rom 6:1-11 und Joh 8:31-42). Am Ende jeder Anwendung fasse ich die Ergebnisse fur die Exegese dieser Texte zusammen. Im Schlusskapitel schliesslich erortere ich, welche Teile des Modells in der Exegese mit Gewinn eingesetzt werden konnen, wo Nutzen und Grenzen seiner Anwendung liegen und in welchen Bereichen das Modell durch andere Ansatze sinnvoll erganzt werden kann.
New Testament
M. Th. (New Testament)