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Journal articles on the topic 'Conversation styles'
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Gustafsson, Anna W. "Doctors’ and interpreters’ conversational styles in paediatric diabetes encounters: A case study of empowering language use." Communication and Medicine 13, no. 2 (May 4, 2017): 155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/cam.18296.
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During the last few decades, ideas of empowerment, person centered care (PCC) and shared decision-making (SDM) have informed western health care. An increasing interest in conversational styles aligned with these ideas is visible e.g. in the work to make motivational interviewing (MI) an evidence based communicative practice. But linguistic competence is needed to identify the subtle nuances of the communicative practices in a doctor–patient consultation. It is therefore particularly important to investigate conversation styles in mediated encounters with immigrant patients.
Mitigation strategies (indirect speech, hedging etc.) and confirming strategies (back-channelling, encouragement etc.) are considered to be typical of an ‘empowering’ conversation style. The distribution of these features in encounters with or without interpreters was analysed in a case study of two consultations with the same doctor in a children’s diabetes clinic in Sweden. The results of this study indicate that the mitigation strategies and confirming strategies characteristic of a conversation style aimed at strengthening and encouraging the patient tend to get lost in mediation. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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Sylvia, Sylvia, and Ienneke Indra Dewi. "The Comparison of Oprah Shows from The Theory of Conversational Styles and Preference Structure." Humaniora 3, no. 1 (April 30, 2012): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/humaniora.v3i1.3230.
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This paper intends to compare the conversational styles and the preference structure between Oprah shows in FRIENDS which is in a group guest and J.K. Rowling in a single guest. The data were taken from two different videos of Oprah transcribed and analysed. In FRIENDS edition, the conversational style is high considerateness style and in J.K. Rowling edition is high involvement style. The conversation in FRIENDS edition is relatively slower than in J.K. Rowling edition. Oprah as the host uses high involvement style in both editions. In FRIENDS edition, the first part of pairs that mostly occurs is question which the second part is expected answer, while J.K. Rowling is assessment which the second part is agreement. It means that they prefer using positive response rather than negative response.
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KimKwangTae, EunMi Song, and joon-sook kim. "Conversation Styles according to Conversation Strategies -Focusing on Appointment Cancelation Scenes-." Journal of japanese Language and Culture ll, no. 23 (December 2012): 49–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17314/jjlc.2012..23.005.
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Leman, Patrick, and Theresa Ikoko. "Interruption in Women's Conversations: The Effects of Context in Ethnic Majority and Minority Group Interactions." Psychology of Language and Communication 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10057-010-0004-7.
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Interruption in Women's Conversations: The Effects of Context in Ethnic Majority and Minority Group Interactions The present study explored how the conversation dynamics of women from ethnic majority and minority groups varied in different conversational contexts. Sixty undergraduate students (mean age 19.5 years) engaged in unstructured, introductory talk in pairs and then discussed how they should rank a list of possible improvements to a university campus. Minority group women used more positive interruptions in both settings, and in introductory talk there was less positive interruption in cross ethnic than same ethnic pairs. Majority group women used a similar pattern of interruptions in introductory and task discussion. However, in task discussion, minority group women used less positive and more negative interruptions when talking with another minority group woman, and more positive and fewer negative interruptions when talking with a majority group woman. These findings suggest that minority group women modify their interaction styles depending on the type of conversation and the ethnicity of their partner.
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Williams, Mark, and Ping Wang. "A Conversation about Diversity in Research Writing Styles." International Journal of Diversity in Organizations, Communities, and Nations: Annual Review 5, no. 7 (2006): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1447-9532/cgp/v05i07/38801.
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BOIX I FUSTER, EMILI. "CATALAN COMMUNICATIVE STYLES: INVOLVEMENT IN A DINNER TABLE CONVERSATION." Catalan Review: Volume 2, Issue 1 2, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/catr.2.1.2.
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Dozie, Chinomso P., Chioma N. Chinedu-Oko, Patricia N. Anyanwu, Ijeoma C. Ojilere, Richard C. Ihejirika, and Emeka J. Otagburuagu. "Gender and Politeness/Hedging Strategies in English among Igbo Native Speakers in Nigeria: A Difference in Conversational Styles." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 11, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.11n.3p.61.
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Gender and language studies in general have not been fully explored in most parts of the globe particularly in Nigeria. The objective of the study therefore was to examine the politeness and hedging strategies in the English language conversation of Igbo native speakers in Nigeria as well as establish whether men and women’s conversational styles have been gendered As a cross-sectional questionnaire and interview-based survey, the sample population was studied by means of ten-item questionnaire in the form of Discourse Completion Task and structured interview at seven Universities systematically selected from the South-East and South-South geo-political zones in Nigeria. The study instruments were completed, returned, transcribed and statistically analysed using the quantitative and qualitative tools for analysis of production and perception data respectively. Results showed that politeness and hedging are indispensable sociolinguistic elements in the conversational English of the study sample. Also, results revealed that to accomplish a communicative goal, the samples adopted different politeness/hedging strategies given the discourse situation. Also, findings showed that the female respondents were found to adhere more to linguistic politeness principles than their male counterparts considering the context hence demonstrating a difference in conversational style. The study found evidence to establish that females are more polite than males in conversations. In conclusion, findings of this study showed that respondents yielded to certain sociolinguistic factors such as age, culture, hierarchy, disposition and religion as they were believed to inform the use of a particular strategy or another.
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Sofa, Eros Meilina. "Islamic Values in Higher Education Students’ Communication in Edmodo Learning Platform." Edukasia Islamika 3, no. 1 (June 12, 2018): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.28918/jei.v3i1.1302.
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This study discusses Islamic values revealed in students’ communication in Edmodo learning platform. It investigated whether there was the implementation of Islamic values in the conversation and responses in the learning platform, both implicitly and explicitly. This study also observed the students’ participation in the conversation platform. In the data collection, this study used observation and questionnaire, and the researcher used descriptive approach to analyze the data. There was analysis on the students’ conversation forms in the online platform. The result revealed that the students integrated Islamic values through their communication styles in the online learning activity, in the form of some short expressions and in the content of the conversations. Not only did the values appear explicitly, but they could also be noted implicitly in the sentences which contained suggestions, polite greetings, and consoling others. This study concludes that the students had been able to incorporate Islamic values they learned both formally and informally in their daily communication. Those uses of Islamic terms and the existences of Islamic values in the English online conversation made this group distinctive from other online communities.
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Abd Rahim, Normaliza, Siti Nur Aliaa Roslan, Arbaie Sujud, Zaitul Azma Zainon Hamzah, and Aiman Mustaqim Roslan. "Conversational Styles and Gender: Analyzing Informal Conversation Amongst Students and Lecturers at Universiti Putra Malaysia." Journal of the World Universities Forum 1, no. 3 (2008): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1835-2030/cgp/v01i03/56888.
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Sun, Hao. "Collaborative strategies in Chinese telephone conversation closings." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 15, no. 1 (March 1, 2005): 109–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.15.1.05sun.
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This study is focused on Chinese telephone conversation closings in non-institutional settings. The purpose is to provide a descriptive account of characteristics of Chinese telephone conversation closings. This article reports findings of differences between Chinese and English calls regarding initiation of closing, length and structure of leave-taking, and interactional styles such as repetition and overlaps.
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Khoimah, Khusnul. "A STUDY OF LANGUAGE STYLES USED IN THE QUEEN MOVIE." Jurnal ELink 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.30736/el.v6i2.173.
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This study is conducted to analyze language styles used in The Queen movie. Specifically, the study is focused on the analysis of the classification of language styles which concerns to Martin Joos theory (1962). What makes this study is crucial to be analyzed is because the language styles used by the speaker have a unique set of items related to formal community. Linguistically, the language styles used by the speakers do exist due to the different circumstances and level, but formality is involved. This study is categorized as descriptive qualitative study since it is analyzed the data in the form of words. The data are collected from the script of The Queen movie. The writer makes herself as the key instrument that wants to find the statements of the problems itself. However, out of the classification of language styles proposed by Joos, this movie shows empirical data which is only found four styles used by the Queen Elizabeth. They are consultative, casual, intimate and formal style. Consultative style occurs when the Queen Elizabeth has two-way participation with other characters or it happens in the form of dialogue, whether the conversation happens with family, stranger and also to her work colleagues. Then, the Queen Elizabeth uses casual style when she feels people who talk to her is a group of friend who has close relationship. Hence, sometimes she leaves out some weak words in the beginning of the sentences because she assumes that other characters understand what she means. However, she uses intimate style only to her royal family. Although she gives a tiny clue to her royal family, it has made her royal family understand what she means. Besides, formal style is used by the main character when she presents on television program indicated with one-way participation.Key words: Styles, Language Styles, The Queen Movie
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Alabri, Amal, Zuhoor Al-Khanjari, Yassine Jamoussi, and Naoufel Kraiem. "Mining the Students’ Chat Conversations in a Personalized e-Learning Environment." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 14, no. 23 (December 6, 2019): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v14i23.11031.
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Providing personalized e-learning environment is normally relying on a domain model representing the knowledge to be acquired by learners and learners’ characteristics to be used in the personalization process. Therefore, constructing the domain model and understanding the characteristics of the learners are very crucial in such an environment. With the inclusion of social collaboration tools for collaborative learning activities, the generated data during conversations enrich with valuable information to be used for personalization. However, when considering chat conversations as a source for constructing the domain model, there is a need to perform a mining technique for chat conversations in order to extract the semantic relations from the user-generated contents hidden inside these conversations. As well as the learner’s characteristics like learning style and knowledge level expressed during conversations. Thus in this paper, we are aiming for the best utilization of chat conversation by proposing a model containing a rule-based technique as a form of mining technique. This mining aims at extracting the semantic relations to build the domain model as an ontology-based depiction. In addition, the mining model is proposed to perform some collaborative filtering techniques to identify the learning styles and knowledge level of the learners.
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Sieriakova, Iryna, Olha Chernenko, Oleksandr Muntian, and Nataliya Zhdanova. "Communicative Styles through the Prism of Intersubjectivity." Arab World English Journal, no. 3 (November 15, 2020): 132–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/elt3.12.
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The style people communicate has a significant impact on how they get the things they want, express needs, avoid conflicts, and make healthy intersubjective relationships. The success of communication is always the shared responsibilities of both communicators – the sender and the recipient. The article offers the theoretical assumptions and practical results of the research on the communicative correlation between the phenomenon of intersubjectivity, and the existence of the communication styles – assertive, aggressive, and submissive. The authors introduce a semiological approach to the paradigm of intersubjective processes, apply the conversation analysis to the material of English fictional discourse, and characterize the nonverbal profiles of the communication styles under investigation. The article aims at highlighting the specificity of intersubjectivity realization in different communicative styles according to the degree criterion and intensity features. The main findings of the research reveal the intersubjectivity as a communicative style forming principle, which differently actualizes the concept of ''self and other'' and manages the creation of the communicative climates (supportive or unsupportive) via verbal and nonverbal behaviors of the sender and the recipient who can or cannot demonstrate their intersubjective competence.
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Xudong, Deng. "The use of listener responses in Mandarin Chinese and Australian English conversations." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 18, no. 2 (June 1, 2008): 303–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.18.2.06xud.
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In recent cross-cultural studies of pragmatics, we have witnessed a rise in interest in the comparative study of phenomena beyond the level of single and decontextualised utterances encompassing those on the level of speech events such as casual conversations. The underlying premise for such studies is that different cultural groups may have different rules for participation in and interpretation of conversation X that conflicts related to these rules are a major source of cross-cultural miscommunication. This study examines the use of listener responses by Chinese speakers in Chinese Mandarin conversations and by Australians in Australian English conversations. Following X prior framework by Clancy et al. (1996), the study examines similarities and differences in the use of listener responses by these two groups of people in terms of frequency of use, types of listener responses, and the positions of listener responses with respect to transition relevance place. Results show that Australian and Chinese speakers do exhibit quite different conversational styles as evidenced in their use of listener responses. Specifically, while Australians use more listener responses, use a higher percentage of lexical expressions as their listener responses and tend to place their listener responses at a possible completion point, Chinese speakers use fewer listener responses, favour the use of paralinguistic vocalic forms as their listener responses and tend to place their listener responses during a turn. These findings may suggest a culture specific way of turn taking and of what it means to be polite in conversational behaviour.
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Gnevsheva, Ksenia. "The role of style in the ethnolect: Style-shifting in the use of ethnolectal features in first- and second-generation speakers." International Journal of Bilingualism 24, no. 4 (January 28, 2020): 861–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006920902520.
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Aims and Objectives/Purpose/Research Questions: The paper aimed to investigate style-shifting in the use of ethnolectal features in first- and second- generation bilingual migrants. Design/Methodology/Approach: Three groups of speakers (first- and second-generation Russian–English bilinguals as well as monolingual Anglo Australians) were audio-recorded in three different styles (conversation, interview, and reading). Data and Analysis: Their production of the goose and trap vowels across the styles was analyzed quantitatively. Findings/Conclusions: Overall differences were found between the groups such that first- and second-generation speakers produced more Russian-like vowels compared to the monolinguals; with the biggest differences between the first-generation speakers and the other two groups. In terms of style-shifting, no significant differences were found in the monolingual speakers, and both first- and second-generation speakers were found to produce most Australian English-like vowels in the conversation style. At the same time, certain differences between the two bilingual groups surfaced, such as no significant differences in the first-generation speakers’ production of the goose vowel and in the vowels’ linguistic conditioning. Originality: Previous studies have compared ethnolects in the first- and second-generations of migrants and mainstream varieties in order to theorize ethnolect formation. Several studies have also investigated intraspeaker style-shifting between more ‘mainstream’ and more ‘ethnic’ in ethnolect speakers, but such style-shifting is rarely compared across generations. Significance/Implications: The similarities and differences between the two bilingual groups suggest that ethnolectal features may be originally derived from the community language but may be reallocated to other sociolinguistic meanings in the second generation.
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Barry, Anita K. "Narrative Style and Witness Testimony." Journal of Narrative and Life History 1, no. 4 (January 1, 1991): 281–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jnlh.1.4.02sty.
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Abstract This article is concerned with the relationship between a witness' narrative style and judgments of jurors based on that style. It takes as its starting point the Duke University Law and Language Project results that a witness using a narrative style is judged more credible than a witness using a fragmented style. The main argument of this article is that it is not the use of narrative per se, but rather a particular narrative style that is valued in the courtroom. Data from a day of testimony in a murder trial is used to demonstrate two opposing narrative styles in testimony: that of the law enforcement officer and that of some nonexpert witnesses. It is shown first that the style of the law enforcement officers differs from ordinary conversation in its extreme explicitness. It is hypothesized that jurors will associate this style of delivery with credibility. It is further hypothe-sized that witnesses will lose credibility to the extent that they deviate from this style. After demonstrating the differences in the styles, the article draws on experimental work of other researchers to suggest that trial outcomes can be affected by the narrative style of the witness. (Linguistics)
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Ratnawati, Ratnawati, Rosmiaty Rosmiaty, and Nurfaizah Nurfaizah. "Exploring Language Style in Makassar Cultural Tourism." ELT Worldwide: Journal of English Language Teaching 8, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/eltww.v8i1.20272.
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The purpose of this study is to analyze about language style of Makassar local tourism which tried to find out the kinds of language style that are mostly used in Makassar local tourism. This research focused on Matin Joos’ theory which discussed about language style. Then, it was analyzed by using descriptive approach. The research used six videos on youtube as the instrument to find out more valid data. The result of the study was that Formal style is mostly used by tourist in within conversation the authors found five times, followed by casual style found in fourth, casual style only once, and intimate style twice. This study provides insights into the language styles neccessary to communicate with foreigners which can be a source of material for teaching english to tourism students.
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Fu, Liang. "Displaying recipiency in doctor-patient conversations." Chinese as a Second Language Research 7, no. 1 (April 25, 2018): 79–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/caslar-2018-0004.
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AbstractA doctor’s ability to communicate with patients to ensure high-quality health care and the limited spoken materials available to teach this ability in a Chinese for Medical Purpose class call for teaching pedagogies that include authentic doctor-patient conversations to allow the access to the type of language data that properly define language use in medical professional settings. This paper introduces a teaching lesson for a Chinese for Medical Purpose course in which students are provided with a real doctor-patient conversation and guided to explore the doctor’s various ways of displaying recipiency of information from the patient as well as the socio-cultural meanings behind them. Six in-class and out-of-class activities are described in detail which include reflection on English recipient styles, comparison and analysis of Chinese and English spoken data, discussion on the social-cultural meanings and application of the learned recipient styles in oral practice. Issues and recommendations of designing and implementing the lesson plan as well as the outcomes of the lesson are discussed.
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Sari, Risma Septyana, Wahyudi Siswanto, and Dewi Ariani. "Gaya Bahasa dalam Karangan Teks Pidato Persuasif Siswa Generasi Z." JoLLA: Journal of Language, Literature, and Arts 1, no. 7 (July 31, 2021): 978–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um064v1i72021p978-994.
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Abstract: Language style is a characteristic used by writers to convey meaning, thoughts, and feelings in written form so that it can be accepted by the readers. The purpose of this study is to describe the style of language in the persuasive speech text of generation Z students which includes a variety of affirmative language styles, language styles based on direct or indirect meaning, and language styles based on word choice. This study uses a qualitative approach with the type of research using text analysis research. The data analysis was carried out in 3 stages, there are data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. Based on the results of the research, 10 styles of affirmative language found described are repetition, pararima, alliteration, tautology, climax, anticlimax, rhetorical, polysyndeton, asindeton, and exclamation. The style of language based on whether or not the meaning is directly found is 6 rhetorical language styles are alliteration, assonance, asindeton, polysyndeton, pleonasm and tautology, and erothesis, and 2 figurative language styles are metonymy and paronomasia. The style of language based on the choice of words found are formal, informal, and conversation styles.
Keywords: language style, persuasive speech, generation Z students
Abstrak: Gaya bahasa merupakan ciri khas yang digunakan penulis untuk menyampaikan makna, pikiran dan perasaan dalam bentuk tulisan sehingga dapat diterima oleh pembaca. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan gaya bahasa dalam karangan teks pidato persuasif siswa generasi Z yang mencakup ragam gaya bahasa penegasan, gaya bahasa berdasarkan langsung tidaknya makna, dan gaya bahasa berdasarkan pilihan kata. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian analisis teks. Analisis data dilakukan dengan melalui 3 tahap yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan simpulan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dipaparkan ragam gaya bahasa penegasan yang ditemukan sebanyak 10 gaya bahasa yaitu repetisi, pararima, aliterasi, tautologi, klimaks, antiklimaks, retoris, polisindenton, asindenton, dan ekslamasio. Gaya bahasa berdasarkan langsung tidaknya makna yang ditemukan sebanyak 6 gaya bahasa retoris yaitu aliterasi, asonansi, asindenton, polisindenton, pleonasme dan tautologi, dan erotesis, dan 2 gaya bahasa kiasan yaitu metonimia dan paronomasia. Gaya bahasa berdasarkan pilihan kata yang ditemukan yaitu gaya bahasa resmi, tak resmi, dan percakapan.
Kata kunci: gaya bahasa, pidato persuasif, siswa generasi Z
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Benfilali, Ismail, Bendaoud Nadif, Brahim Khartite, Driss Benattabou, and Abdelouahed Bouih. "Cross Gender Oral Communication from Biological Difference and Socialized Identity to Mutual Understanding." Journal of World Englishes and Educational Practices 3, no. 5 (May 29, 2021): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jweep.2021.3.5.2.
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Language is an indispensable instrument whereby we organize and build our social ties in our communities, and society at large. Human language is critically interwoven into the processes whereby human beings communicate, build knowledge, transmit information, and determine the identity of both the addresser and the addressee in any communicational exchange. We could hypothetically assert that if there is unmistakably one thing without which man as a species can hardly live in the social realm, it is language par excellence. In an admittedly multi-layered and inherently complex sociolinguistic configuration, the individual speaker’s linguistic choice, the different roles he or she plays, be they in a position of addresser or addressee, and the various situations where the speech takes place do serve as markers reflecting one’s identity and communication styles. In this respect, factors such as sex, age, level of education, occupation, race, and geographical origin can virtually be reflected via one’s speech. This article sets out to analyze (1) the influential role of speech, (2) gender and identity, (3) dominance/difference, and (4) cross-gender oral communication in the Moroccan context using a homogenous convenience sample of Moroccan participants. This study falls within the scope of gender studies. Its major aim is to demonstrate the roles that mixed-gendered interlocutors can play in order to maintain effective communication. Therefore, their perceptions regarding interruptions, conversation dominance, turn-taking and choice of topics in conversations are analyzed. Different research instruments have been implemented to collect data including recordings of real-life conversational speech, classroom observation, and interviews. The findings indicate that gender-based differences permeate the conversational styles of both men and women across cultures and with divergent degrees of strength and expression. It has also been shown that although communication breakdown is a source of frustration, it remains a common phenomenon in social interactions. Therefore, overcoming difficulties in maintaining effective communication between members of different genders is dependent on the interlocutors’ belief that accepting difference in language and communication styles can make cross-gender communication a satisfactory social experience. This study is expected to raise awareness regarding the socialization processes the two sex groups have gone through which shape in substantial ways the way they speak, behave and interact among each other.
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Lange, Garrett, and Deborah E. Carroll. "Mother-Child Conversation Styles and Children's Laboratory Memory for Narrative and Nonnarrative Materials." Journal of Cognition and Development 4, no. 4 (November 2003): 435–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327647jcd0404_03.
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Fujimoto, Manabu. "Speech production process within a small-group conversation: Focusing on communication participation styles." JAPANESE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 51, no. 2 (2011): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2130/jjesp.51.79.
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Pervin, Aron. "A Conversation with Henry Mintzberg." Family Business Review 10, no. 2 (June 1997): 185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1997.00185.x.
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Henry Mintzberg is both Cleghorn Professor of Management Studies at McGill University in Montreal, Canada, and professor of organization at INSEAD in Fontainebleau, France. His research deals with issues of general management and organizations; his current focus is on the nature and styles of managerial work, as well as forms of organizing and on the strategy formation process. He also heads up a team of people from five universities around the world, a group working to establish what they hope will be “next generation management education”—specifically, a master's program aimed at the “development in context” of practicing managers. His own teaching activities focus on ad hoc seminars for experienced managers and work with doctoral students. Over the years, he has worked with a number of substantial family firms and contributed to a film about a patriarchal Canadian grocery family enterprise, Steinberg's. Mintzberg received his doctorate and master of science degrees from MIT's Sloan School of Management and his mechanical engineering degree from McGill. Mintzberg is the author of the Nature of Managerial Work (1973), The Structuring of Organizations (1983), The Strategy Process (a textbook with James Brian Quinn, now in its third edition), Mintzberg on Management (1989), The Rise and Fall of Strategic Planning (1994), and the Canadian Condition: Reflections of a “Pure Cotton ” (1995). He has written about a hundred articles, including two Harvard Business Review McKinsey prize winners, “The Manager's Job: Folklore and Fact” and “Crafting Strategy.” FBR talked to Mintzberg about planning, collaboration, boards, governance and his new management program.
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Freeth, Megan, and Patricia Bugembe. "Social partner gaze direction and conversational phase; factors affecting social attention during face-to-face conversations in autistic adults?" Autism 23, no. 2 (February 11, 2018): 503–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361318756786.
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Social attention is atypical in autism. However, the majority of evidence for this claim comes from studies where the social partner is not physically present and the participants are children. Consequently, to ensure acquisition of a comprehensive overview of social attention in autism, systematic analysis of factors known to influence face-to-face social attention in neurotypicals is necessary and evidence from adulthood is required. This study assessed the influence of experimenter gaze direction (direct or averted) and conversational phase (speaking or listening) on social attention during a face-to-face conversation. Eye-tracking analyses indicated that when the experimenter looked directly at the participant, autistic adults looked at the experimenter’s face less than did neurotypical adults. However, this between-group difference was significantly reduced when the experimenter’s gaze was averted. Therefore, opportunities for reciprocal social gaze are missed by autistic adults when the social partner makes direct eye contact. A greater proportion of time was spent fixating the experimenter’s eye region when participants were speaking compared to listening in both neurotypical and autistic adults. Overall, this study provides a rich picture of the nature of social attention in face-to-face conversations adopted by autistic adults and demonstrates individual variation in social attention styles.
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Curley, David L. "Styles of mastery of a Calcutta Brahman family: Krishnachandra Ghoshal’s pilgrimage to Gaya, Kashi and Prayag, 1769, in Vijayram Sen’s Ti-rthaman.gala." Indian Economic & Social History Review 57, no. 1 (January 2020): 77–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019464619892893.
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This article examines styles of mastery practised by a wealthy, managerial Brahman family in late eighteenth-century Bengal, when managerial Brahmans found new opportunities in association with the English East India Company. It is based on Tīrthamaṅgala by Vijayram Sen, a verse narrative of a pilgrimage in 1769, led by Krishnachandra Ghoshal for the purpose of performing the trayasthalī śrāddha in Gaya, Kashi and Prayag. Krishnachandra was the elder brother of Gokulchandra Ghoshal, who then was the chief banian of Governor Harry Verelst. The poem describes agencies that enabled the Ghoshals’ success and purposes that shaped their identity. It represents the family’s practices of accountancy, patronage and charity. It represents Krishnachandra’s self-control and control of others, his austerity and munificence in shraddha rites (obsequies), and his use of both Indo-Persian and Sanskrit codes of conduct in gift exchanges and formal conversations. In quite different settings, he used ‘pleasing conversations’ or discussions of knowledge in Sanskrit texts. Both kinds of formal conversation revealed the ‘character’ or ‘dignity’ of participants, and introduced them to important men whom they did not already know. Portraying agencies and purposes that were both this-worldly and spiritual, the poem does not categorically distinguish them. It does de-emphasise courtly aesthetics.
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Lancien, Mélanie, and Marie-Hélène Côté. "Phonostyle et réduction vocalique en français laurentien." SHS Web of Conferences 46 (2018): 09003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184609003.
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Cet article étudie le lien entre réduction vocalique et phonostyle en français laurentien en suivant une méthodologie proche de celle de Harmegnies et Poch-Olivé [1992,1994]. Nous avons analysé 9748 voyelles, produites par 10 locutrices issues du corpus PFC-Canada. Ces voyelles ont été produites dans trois styles de parole différents : la lecture, une conversation avec un enquêteur et une conversation avec un membre de la famille. Nous avons comparé la durée, la centralisation, la dispersion intra-catégorie et la diffusion des voyelles en fonction du style de parole. Nos ré sultats montrent un impact de la t â che de production (lecture/discussion), ainsi qu ’un impact de la relation entre le locuteur et l’interlocuteur (inconnu/famille) sur la ré alisation acoustique des voyelles. Les voyelles sont plus courtes et plus dispers é es au sein de leur caté gorie, et le système plus centralisé, en parole spontanée qu ’en lecture. Elles sont également plus courtes et plus dispersées au sein de leur catégorie lors d ’une discussion avec un membre de la famille que lors d ’une discussion avec un enquêteur inconnu.
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Meng, Qi, Shilun Zhang, and Jian Kang. "Effects of typical dining styles on conversation behaviours and acoustic perception in restaurants in China." Building and Environment 121 (August 2017): 148–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.05.025.
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Mack, Jennifer W., Chris Feudtner, and Pamela S. Hinds. "Communication and Decision Support for Children with Advanced Cancer and Their Families." American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book, no. 32 (June 2012): 637–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14694/edbook_am.2012.32.164.
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Overview: Clinician communication related to treatment decision making is a fundamentally important health care intervention and is often reported by parents of seriously ill children to be the most valued of clinician skills. Since different children and families have different communication styles and expectations, and since these may change over the course of the illness experience, one of the early and recurring tasks is to clarify and work with these diverse styles and expectations. Adopting a stance of compassionate desire to know more about patients and families, in addition to imparting information, is vital, and can be facilitated by following a general strategy of “ask, tell, ask.” In addition to the exchange of information, communication between clinician and patient and family also involves the signaling and exchange of emotions, in which the pace, verbal inflection, and body language of the conversation are fundamental. Discussions about prognosis and goals of care, while needing to be handled in a gentle manner, should start early in the illness experience and be revised whenever there is a relapse or major complication. Children often want to participate in these conversations to a degree of their own choosing, which they themselves can clarify. Effective and empathetic clinician communication can greatly facilitate decision making and care for children with advanced cancer and their families, and provide a substantial source of comfort.
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Rapetti, Valentina. "Staging Desdemona in African time: A conversation with Peter Sellars." Journal of Adaptation in Film & Performance 13, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 319–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jafp_00034_7.
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For the past 40 years, Peter Sellars has been one of the most innovative, eclectic and prolific directors in Western theatre. A deeply cultivated and politically committed practitioner whose vision and craft span a multitude of widely divergent theatrical traditions, genres and styles, Sellars has established his international reputation as a polymath in the performing arts. With more than 100 productions to his name, including community-based, transnational and transcontinental work, Sellars is known worldwide for his contemporary interpretations of canonical plays and operas that combine radical imagery, technical virtuosity, structural rigour, intellectual depth, social critique and moral intent. In this interview, he shares details about his collaboration with African American writer Toni Morrison and Malian musician Rokia Traoré in the creation of Desdemona (2012), a cross-cultural adaptation of William Shakespeare’s Othello, talking about theatre as ritual, directorial choices, acting as channelling and intertextuality.
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Clifton, Jonathan. "Does Popular Management Literature Lead Managers Up the Linguistic Garden Path? A Comparison of Popular Prescriptive ‘How-to’ Management Texts and a Descriptive Analysis of Workplace Interaction." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 23, no. 44 (October 23, 2017): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v23i44.97326.
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Popular management literature promotes the idea that certain management styles have a reflexive relationship with certain ways of talking. Consequently, by using prescribed ways of talking, certain management styles will be achieved and that, reflexively, certain management styles favor certain ways of talking. Using conversation analysis (CA) as a research methodology, this paper compares the prescriptive language advice of popular management literature as regards facilitation with video-taped data of naturally-occurring talk in a business meeting. Findings indicate that the intuitive insights on language use offered by popular management literature ignore the indexical nature of language use whereby the ‘meaning’ of any utterance and what that utterance does depends on its context of use. In short, such popular literature may lead managers up the (linguistic) garden path and may in fact be of little help in practice. The paper ends with a call for language advice in such literature to be more descriptive and less prescriptive.
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Mofareh A., Alqahtani. "Difficulties Facing Students in English Language Conversation." International Research in Higher Education 4, no. 3 (August 19, 2019): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/irhe.v4n3p51.
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This study addresses the poor language proficiency of English language students, particularly in terms of their conversational skills and/or ability to achieve the desired standards of fluency in either the classroom environment or public sphere. The many factors which directly affect students' performance in speaking fluent English include the fear of making errors. The present study therefore aims to identify the perceived difficulties which language students associate with the study and utterance of English. To this end, the conducted research was descriptive in nature and sought to determine the various elements which are perceived as especially challenging for students and to devise effective solutions through appropriate teaching styles, methodologies and strategies which are driven and supported by the relevant contemporary technology. In addition to fear, certain factors relate to individuated student character and practices, and many students report feelings of shyness and potential embarrassment. Distrust also constitutes a significant obstacle, along with issues surrounding teaching methods, teacher inefficiency, and/or the lack of up-to-date pedagogies. To fully investigate this issue, a quantitative survey instrument containing multiple questions was undertaken in addition to a number of interviews with a random sample of students and teachers in order to elicit the main student challenge in speaking English. The results demonstrated that the majority of the students were unable to speak English either correctly or confidently. The percentages which varied between average, weak, and very weak, were attributed to a general weakness in English grammar, vocabulary, syntax, poor fluency in speech, low understanding of overall grammar frameworks, and inaccurate pronunciation. In light of this, the present study sought to provide useful suggestions to resolve student conversational problems. To this end, the researcher elucidated the research problem, importance, objectives, hypotheses and methodologies, as well as drawing conclusions. Finally, the researcher outlined a number of recommendations directly relevant to resolving the complex issue.
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Nichols, Dr Kenneth. "Case Study #9: My Last Duchess by Robert Browning." Public Voices 14, no. 2 (January 5, 2017): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.22140/pv.16.
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The poem is the duke’s side of a conversation about the duchess with an emissary who has come representing a family potentially interested in having their daughter marry the duke and become his next duchess.The duke and duchess rule the mythical duchy of Ferrara in an Italy of long ago. That makes them the executive officers, chief administrators, and designated heads of government over the people within the duchy: A pair of top cats. For us, what is interesting about this pair is the strong contrast of their leadership styles. The duke is autocratic and direct; the duchess he describes is quite the opposite — and, at least for the duke, unsettlingly effective. Through his conversation, the duke gives us many clues with regard to how they both rule. Who do you think is the better leader?
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Lin, Wen Chia. "Study on Community Empowerment by Conversation Art and Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 584-586 (July 2014): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.584-586.132.
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Community is a basic element of living field. However, due to the influence and intervention of modernization, the original life styles and traditional cultures of Taiwan’s rural areas have vanished gradually. Since the Council for Cultural Affairs (CCA), Executive Yuan promoted the policy of Community Empowerment in 1994, there have been plenty of discussions related to the topic.Aiming at the operation and combination of Local Aesthetics and Art Community, the cultural policies such as Cultural Citizenship and Civil Aesthetic Movement have made Art into the Community a famous topic in the artistic fields and community construction.Through long-term participation in the construction of Tugou Community , the study reviews the modes, implementations, positions and values of art issues during the integration of Community Empowerment and Art over the years, and analyzes the spirits and meanings behind the issues. The progress of community aesthetics is mentioned in the study, which not only emphasizes on the Publicity and Participation of art empowerment, but also observes the influence of artworks on aesthetic experience of residents and become the technique applied in the space planning and building. It expects to propose a methodology or epistemology on seeking for local aesthetics and practices on life and art for Taiwan’s community empowerment in the future.
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S.B., Pashkin, and Goncharova S.Y. "FEATURES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL SUPPORT OF PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS WITH DISABILITIES IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS." “Educational bulletin “Consciousness” 23, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26787/nydha-2686-6846-2021-23-4-10-16.
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This paper examines the aspect of working with the family in the framework of psychological and pedagogical support of primary school pupils with disabilities (category of disorders of the musculoskeletal system). The optimal child guidance in relation to a primary school pupil with disabilities is shown. A desirable style of child guidance, the formation of which psychological and pedagogical support should contribute, is to accept the situation and help the pupil in this acceptance and in the formation of those qualities that will help compensate for his/her violations. Methods of observation, conversation and psychodiagnosis were applied. We also used "Analysis of family education" method (E. Eidemiller and V. Yustitskis). As a result of empirical research of families with children with cerebral palsy (only with preserved mental capacity), it was revealed that there are disharmonious styles of child guidance in families — coziness and hyperprotection prevailed. A feature of the psychological and pedagogical support of primary school pupils with disabilities should be actions aimed at educating parents about the variety of child guidance styles and selection of an optimal one according to their individual situation. The prospect of the research is to consider the characteristics of child guidance in families with various types of health limitations.
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Bryant, Gregory A. "Verbal irony in the wild." Pragmatics and Cognition 19, no. 2 (August 10, 2011): 291–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.19.2.06bry.
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Verbal irony constitutes a rough class of indirect intentional communication involving a complex interaction of language-specific and communication-general phenomena. Conversationalists use verbal irony in conjunction with paralinguistic signals such as speech prosody. Researchers examining acoustic features of speech communication usually focus on how prosodic information relates to the surface structure of utterances, and often ignore prosodic phenomena associated with implied meaning. In the case of verbal irony, there exists some debate concerning how these prosodic features manifest themselves in conversation. A form-function approach can provide a valuable tool for understanding speakers’ varied vocal strategies in this domain. Here I describe several ways conversationalists employ prosodic contrasts, laughter, and other speech characteristics in their attempts to communicate effectively and efficiently. The presented examples, culled from spontaneous conversation recordings, reveal just a small sample of the enormous variation in delivery styles speakers adopt when communicating with ironic language.
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Dunbar, R. I. M. "Sexual segregation in human conversations." Behaviour 153, no. 1 (2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003319.
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Human conversation groups have a characteristic size limit at around four individuals. Although mixed-sex social groups can be significantly larger than this, census data on casual social groups suggest that there is a fractal pattern of fission in conversations when social group size is a multiple of this value. This study suggests that, as social group size increases beyond four, there is a tendency for sexual segregation to occur resulting in an increasing frequency of single-sex conversational subgroups. It is not clear why conversations fragment in this way, but a likely explanation is that sex differences in conversational style result in women (in particular) preferring to join all-female conversations when a social group is large enough to allow this.
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Vespestad, May Kristin, Frank Lindberg, and Lena Mossberg. "Value in tourist experiences: How nature-based experiential styles influence value in climbing." Tourist Studies 19, no. 4 (March 27, 2019): 453–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468797619837966.
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Nature-based adventure experiences constitute a significant segment of the tourism industry and understanding consumers’ conceptualisations of value is crucial. The aim of this study is to understand how the perceived value of the climbing experience differs within the climbing community. Interviews with climbers revealed that multiple aspects of the climbing experience are valued, including efficiency, play, excellence, aesthetics, status, emotion, esteem and authenticity. The results highlight that conceptualisations of value vary with experiential style. The study thus adds to the conversation on what creates value in the climbing experience and how this fluctuates throughout the climbing experience. The study contributes to our understanding of nature-based experiences and to the development and marketing of adventure experiences. The results imply that building a strong climbing image at destinations and being involved in the climbing community represent key issues that contribute to co-creating value in the tourist experience.
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Liao, Wang, Jingwen Zhang, Yoo Jung Oh, and Nicholas A. Palomares. "Linguistic Accommodation Enhances Compliance to Charity Donation: The Role of Interpersonal Communication Processes in Mediated Compliance-Gaining Conversations." Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 26, no. 3 (May 1, 2021): 167–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcmc/zmab001.
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Abstract We address the link between communication accommodation and compliance gaining in momentary, mediated encounters, using Goffman’s theory of interaction ritual as a conceptual bridge. We report an online experiment of compliance-gaining conversations with 915 dyads of strangers recruited from Amazon M-Turk. The extent to which two strangers accommodated each other’s non-content linguistic features predicted their behavioral compliance—monetary donation to a charity. This accommodation–compliance link was (a) observed, to some extent, in both conversationalists in the dyads, albeit moderated by seeker–target role differentiation, (b) partially mediated by perceived warmth and competence, and (c) was robust against alternative mechanisms including compliance-gaining strategies, personalities, and demographics. We discuss implications regarding communication-induced influence in mediated conversations and related interpersonal communication processes in general. Lay Summary How can a fleeting online interaction bring about compliance, especially for prosocial causes such as charity donation? This article finds that compliance is increased when there is a legacy of cooperative interactions (i.e., successful interaction rituals) on the part of all conversation partners—not just the one who seeks compliance. Such interaction can be identified when the individuals start to coordinate and accommodate each other’s language use (e.g., using similar expressions or adopting similar linguistic styles). The research shows that since online conversations often rely on text-based communication that lacks other channels with which to signal cooperative interactions, coordinated language plays an important role in gaining compliance.
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Rossi, Philip J. "Building Bridges and Crossing Boundaries: Philosophy, Theology, and the Interruptions of Transcendence." European Journal for Philosophy of Religion 6, no. 1 (March 21, 2014): 161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24204/ejpr.v6i1.196.
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Discussions about theological realism within analytic philosophy of religion, and the larger conversation between analytic and continental styles in philosophy of religion have generated relatively little interest among Catholic philosophers and theologians; conversely, the work of major figures in recent Catholic theology seems to evoke little interest from analytic philosophers of religion. Using the 1998 papal encyclical on faith and reason, Fides et ratio, as a major point of reference, this essay offers a preliminary account of the bases for such seeming mutual indifference and offers some suggestions for future dialogue.
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TANAKA, HIROKO. "Adverbials for turn projection in Japanese: Toward a demystification of the “telepathic” mode of communication." Language in Society 30, no. 4 (October 2001): 559–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004740450100402x.
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This article employs conversation analysis to investigate the role of adverbials in Japanese talk-in-interaction for the projection of further talk and some implications this has for interactional styles. Through examination of naturally occurring talk, it is first observed that a typical usage of adverbials is in some position preceding the predicate, although they are also appended as post-predicate additions. Second, when adverbials are produced prior to a predicate, evidently they can strongly project a forthcoming predicate within the particular interactional context. Given the importance of predicates within Japanese turns, adverbials have a major part to play, not only in assisting participants to foreshadow a probable unfolding of an utterance, but also to enable recipients to achieve early alignment with emerging talk and to expedite the implementation of subsequent actions. These features are shown to be a powerful resource in the facilitation of seemingly implicit styles of communication.
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Sanders, Justin J., Katherine W. Sterba, Dee Ford, and Susan Block. "The acceptability to African-Americans of a structured conversation guide to improve advance care planning in the setting of cancer: A focus-group study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, no. 29_suppl (October 10, 2015): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.33.29_suppl.11.
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11 Background: African-Americans are less likely than whites to participate in advance care planning (ACP), which may contribute to disparities in the receipt of goal-concordant care. Literature points to multiple factors: the impact of religion, mistrust, different preferences for life-sustaining measures, family-decision making styles and poor knowledge about ACP. Early ACP conversations are associated with improved outcomes at the end of life, including goal-concordant care. A systematically-developed, serious illness conversation guide (“guide”) for oncologists, embedded in a systems-based approach to improving illness care, has demonstrated more frequent, higher-quality, and earlier ACP conversations in a predominantly white and middle class cohort of cancer patients. This study aimed to explore the acceptability and need for modification of the guide in more diverse populations. Methods: We conducted a series of focus groups with panels of clinicians and researchers, African-American church members, and seriously ill patients and their caregivers to assess barriers to ACP and preferences concerning modifications to the guide. We used template analysis to code themes at the individual, interpersonal and systems levels. Results: At the individual level, participants confirmed the importance of religion and the impact of perceived discrimination (e.g., receipt of inferior care) and superstition (e.g., talking about death may make it happen). Interpersonal-level factors influencing ACP included family, trust, and concerns about provider abandonment. Participants confirmed systems-level barriers of access and mistrust in the healthcare system and highlighted community outreach as a key part of the process. Participants reported positive responses to the tone and content of the guide and found the guide to be acceptable when it included a question that elicited coping mechanisms, including religion. Conclusions: Participants in our study found the use of a serious illness conversation guide to identify patient goals and priorities acceptable, and emphasized the importance of adding a question focused on coping and religion.
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Attili, Grazia, Patrizia Vermigli, and Antonio Roazzi. "Rearing Styles, Parents' Attachment Mental State,and Children's Social Abilities: The Link to Peer Acceptance." Child Development Research 2011 (June 22, 2011): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/267186.
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This paper examines the discriminant effect of mothers' and fathers' attachment working models, the quality of their relationships in everyday settings, and children's social abilities on children's peer acceptance. Participants were thirty-four 7–9 year olds, their mothers, and fathers. Interactions were observed at home and coded on global measures of positive, negative, controlling, disconfirming, correcting behaviors, and neutral conversation. Parents' IWM were assessed by the AAI. Children's peer acceptance and behavioral orientations as a measure of a child's social competence at school were assessed by sociometric techniques. By using both traditional statistical analyses and a multidimensional scaling approach (MDS), in terms of “similarity structure analysis (SSA)” and the “external variables as points technique,” it emerged that children's lack of success among peers associated with social behaviors which were linked to parents' rejecting/neglecting and directive interactive styles, mainly to negative, disconfirming, and a few positive interactions. These parenting styles were significantly affected by adults' insecure IWM.
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Pieczkiewicz, David, Andrea Mahnke, Catherine McCarty, Justin Starren, Bonnie Westra, and Joseph Plasek. "The Role of Nonverbal and Verbal Communication in a Multimedia Informed Consent Process." Applied Clinical Informatics 02, no. 02 (2011): 240–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/aci-2011-02-ra-0016.
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SummaryObjective: Nonverbal and verbal communication elements enhance and reinforce the consent form in the informed consent process and need to be transferred appropriately to multimedia formats using interaction design when re-designing the process.Methods: Observational, question asking behavior, and content analyses were used to analyze nonverbal and verbal elements of an informed consent process.Results: A variety of gestures, interruptions, and communication styles were observed. Conclusion: In converting a verbal conversation about a textual document to multimedia formats, all aspects of the original process including verbal and nonverbal variation should be one part of an interaction community-centered design approach.
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Dreyer, Florian. "Erzählmotive im Zeitzeugeninterview." Paragrana 27, no. 1 (August 28, 2018): 183–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/para-2018-0013.
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AbstractTo speak about the horror of the Holocaust is still extremely difficult. An exploration of our data, a video testimony of a female survivor of the Ghetto in Łódź, showed that she employs certain styles of narration (narrative motifs). This paper first examines some of those motifs and suggests that they might function as a means of self-regulation. In our data they either assist in preventing retraumatization or facilitate the re-experiencing of the dreadful past. The features of those motifs are analysed on a semantic, a prosodic and an embodied level through the usage of Conversation Analysis, PRAAT and Multimodal Analysis.
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Lai, Christy Choi-Ting, Sam-Po Law, and Anthony Pak-Hin Kong. "A Quantitative Study of Right Dislocation in Cantonese Spoken Discourse." Language and Speech 60, no. 4 (January 31, 2017): 633–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023830916688028.
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Right Dislocation (RD) has been suggested to be a focus marking device carrying an affective function motivated by limited planning time in conversation. The current study investigated the effects of genre type, planning load and affective function on the use of RD in Cantonese monologues. Discourse data were extracted from a recently developed corpus of oral narratives in Cantonese Chinese containing language samples from 144 native Cantonese speakers evenly distributed in age, education levels and gender. Three genre types representing different structures, styles and degrees of topic familiarity were chosen for an RD analysis: procedural description, story-telling and recount of personal event. The results revealed that genre types and planning load influenced the rate of RD occurrence. (1) Specifically, the lowest proportion of RD occurred in procedural description, assumed to be the most structured genre; whereas the highest rate was found in personal event recount, considered to be the most stylized and less structured genre. (2) The highest proportion of RD appeared near the end of a narrative, where heavier cognitive load is demanded compared with the beginning of a narrative; moreover, RD also tended to co-occur with disfluency. (3) There was a high percentage of RD tokens in the personal event recount for expressing explicit emotions; and (4) a lower rate of occurrence of RD was found in monologues than previous studies based on conversations. The overall findings suggest that the use of RD is sensitive to genre structure and style, as well as planning load effects.
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Molchanova, Lyudmila N., Larisa N. Malikhova, and Alesya A. Kuznetsova. "The role of interpersonal relationship styles in the emergence and overcoming of mental burnout in the aspect of the subject genesis of teachers working with children with special educational needs." Perspectives of Science and Education 48, no. 6 (December 31, 2020): 374–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.32744/pse.2020.6.29.
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The specifics of the activities of teachers working with children with special educational needs determines the nature of interpersonal relationships that develop between all subjects of the educational process. Experiencing teachers of the crisis of interpersonal relations contributes to the emergence of mental burnout as a special state of physical, emotional and mental exhaustion of the individual. There is a rather limited number of scientific works devoted to the study of the relationship between the styles of interpersonal relations of teachers working with children with special educational needs, and mental burnout. Teachers of the Regional state educational institution "Kursk boarding school for children with disabilities" took part in the study (50 people). Observation and conversation, as well as standardized methods for diagnosing teachers' burnout and styles of interpersonal relationships, were used to collect data. Methods of mathematical-statistical analysis were used to process the results. Teachers who work with children with special educational needs are adapted to the stressful effects of the traumatic circumstances of professional activity by limiting emotional return in interpersonal communication and selective response, lack of due attention to their wards, facilitation or reduction of job duties (the severity of the "Resistance" phase: Xm. ± σx = 56.80 ± 22.30; “Inadequate emotional selective response”: Xm. ± σx = 15.38 ± 6.94; “Emotional and moral disorientation”: Xm. ± σx = 11.66 ± 6, 32; "Expansion of the sphere of economy of emotions": Xav. ± σx = 15.48 ± 13.62; "Reduction of professional duties": Xav. ± σx = 14.28 ± 8.51). It has been empirically proven that straightforward-aggressive (β = 0.353 at p = 0.015) and dependent-obedient (β = 0.379 at p = 0.005) styles of interpersonal relations can act as factors in the emergence of manifestations of mental burnout of teachers, and the imperious-leading style (β = - 0.320 at p = 0.016) – a resource for overcoming it (F = 4.37; CMD = 0.57; df = 5.44).
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Bail, Christopher A., Taylor W. Brown, and Marcus Mann. "Channeling Hearts and Minds: Advocacy Organizations, Cognitive-Emotional Currents, and Public Conversation." American Sociological Review 82, no. 6 (October 12, 2017): 1188–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003122417733673.
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Do advocacy organizations stimulate public conversation about social problems by engaging in rational debate, or by appealing to emotions? We argue that rational and emotional styles of communication ebb and flow within public discussions about social problems due to the alternating influence of social contagion and saturation effects. These “cognitive-emotional currents” create an opportunity structure whereby advocacy organizations stimulate more conversation if they produce emotional messages after prolonged rational debate or vice versa. We test this hypothesis using automated text-analysis techniques that measure the frequency of cognitive and emotional language within two advocacy fields on Facebook over 1.5 years, and a web-based application that offered these organizations a complimentary audit of their social media outreach in return for sharing nonpublic data about themselves, their social media audiences, and the broader social context in which they interact. Time-series models reveal strong support for our hypothesis, controlling for 33 confounding factors measured by our Facebook application. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for future research on public deliberation, how social contagions relate to each other, and the emerging field of computational social science.
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Wagner, Karin. "In Good Condition: The Discourse of Patina as seen in Interactions between Experts and Laymen in the Antiques Trade." Culture Unbound 11, no. 2 (September 17, 2019): 252–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.19112252.
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This article examines how notions of patina are conveyed by experts in the antiques trade. How do antiques experts convey perceptions of patina to their clients and audience? How do they explain, persuade, and put forward their standards of condition? Three examples are analysed, a conversation about a sundial from the Swedish Antiques Roadshow, a conversation about a toy car from the British Antiques Roadshow and a vintage watches collecting guide from Christie’s auction house. Different persuasive strategies and styles used by the experts to convey their norms are identified. A change towards higher appreciation of patina can be discerned. Furthermore, the article analyses patina in regard to the relationship between surface and core of an object and in regard to use and usefulness. It is suggested that objects with patina are popular because we as humans feel an affinity with them. If things have a life trajectory, it will also involve ageing, and by surrounding ourselves with old, imperfect things we can come to terms with our own ageing process.
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Bilmes, Jack. "Dividing the rice: A microanalysis of the mediator's role in a Northern Thai negotiation." Language in Society 21, no. 4 (December 1992): 569–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500015736.
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ABSTRACTAlthough there exists an extensive literature on mediation, little attention has been given to the close analysis of talk in actual mediations. This article applies various analytic techniques, particularly those of conversation analysis and sociolinguistics, to provide a culturally contexted account of a mediation. At issue is the division of a rice harvest between a sharecropper and the owner of a ricefield in a Northern Thai village. Practices with regard to accusation and criticism, defense and denial, expression of anger, formulation of parties, and perspectival shifting are central to the analysis.In order to understand what is taking place, it is necessary to have some knowledge of a variety of cultural and “contextual” matters, for example, genres and styles of local speech, traditional and current share-cropping practices, the national law regarding sharecropping, and local administrative practices, as well as the history of relations between the parties to the negotiation. On the other hand, a close analysis of the talk reveals a good deal about general cultural contexts, as well as about Northern Thai mediation. (Mediation, conversation analysis, Thailand)
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Helmreich, Stefan. "“Life Is a Verb”: Inflections of Artificial Life in Cultural Context." Artificial Life 13, no. 2 (April 2007): 189–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artl.2007.13.2.189.
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This review essay surveys recent literature in the history of science, literary theory, anthropology, and art criticism dedicated to exploring how the artificial life enterprise has been inflected by—and might also reshape—existing social, historical, cognitive, and cultural frames of thought and action. The piece works through various possible interpretations of Kevin Kelly's phrase “life is a verb,” in order to track recent shifts in cultural studies of artificial life from an aesthetic of critique to an aesthetic of conversation, discerning in the process different styles of translating between the concerns of the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, and sciences of the artificial.