Relevant bibliographies by topics / Conversational markers

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Conversational markers'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Conversational markers"

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McFarland, David H. "Respiratory Markers of Conversational Interaction." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 44, no. 1 (February 2001): 128–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2001/012).

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Respiratory movements were recorded from 10 dyads (20 subjects) during quiet breathing, reading aloud, spontaneous monologue, scripted dialog, and spontaneous conversation. Timing measures of inspiratory, expiratory, and total cycle duration were used to compare respiratory function during quiet breathing, listening, and speech. Cross-correlation analyses of the respiratory movements of conversational partners provided an index of conversational synchrony. Inspiratory duration was found to be the most consistent and sensitive measure for discriminating quiet breathing from speech breathing. In the scripted dialog and spontaneous conversation conditions, respiratory kinematics changed during listening to more closely resemble speech, and systematic changes were observed in anticipation of turn-taking speech onset. For the breathing cycles immediately surrounding turn changes and simultaneously produced vocal events, the kinematic signals of conversational partners were strongly correlated. Results are discussed in the context of similar findings concerning conversational interactions and motor preparation for speech.
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Simmons-Mackie, Nina N., and Jack S. Damico. "The Contribution of Discourse Markers to Communicative Competence in Aphasia." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 5, no. 1 (February 1996): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360.0501.37.

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Discourse markers, expressions used to organize conversational interaction, are widely used by speakers in social conversation. An ethnographic investigation of compensatory strategies employed in natural communication by two aphasic subjects revealed a variety of behaviors fulfilling the requirements of discourse markers. The role of discourse markers as compensatory strategies to promote conversation in aphasia is discussed, with descriptive examples drawn from the ethnographic study.
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Thörle, Britta. "Turn openings in L2 French." Discourse Markers in Second Language Acquisition / Les marqueurs discursifs dans l’acquisition d’une langue étrangère 7, no. 1 (August 12, 2016): 117–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lia.7.1.05tho.

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In this contribution we will analyze a corpus of telephone conversations between German students of French and native speakers from an interactional linguistic point of view. The study is based on a corpus of ten formal conversations performed as role play between German university students and native speakers of French. Taking an interactional approach, the use of discourse markers will be described as a situated activity of learners who use the resources at their disposal to accomplish conversational tasks. The analysis will concentrate on the accomplishment of turn openings and point out the dynamic nature of the use of discourse markers in exolingual interaction. During the conversations, learners employ forms already available in their repertoire as discourse markers, they use the interlocutor’s example as a model, and they develop their own routines. Against this background, certain characteristics of discourse markers in L2 can be described as the result of communication and acquisition strategies that allow learners to maintain the conversation as well as to build, expand or adjust their repertoire.
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Attardo, Salvatore, Lucy Pickering, and Amanda Baker. "Prosodic and multimodal markers of humor in conversation." Pragmatics and Cognition 19, no. 2 (August 10, 2011): 224–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.19.2.03att.

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This case study extends the findings of Pickering et al. 2009 to the domain of conversational humor. We find that, as was the case in humorous narratives, conversational humor is not marked by higher pitch or volume, increased speech rate, or significant pauses. Unlike narrative humor, conversational humor is not produced at a lower pitch and slower rate than non-humorous parts of the text. We find that smiling and laughter tend to occur with humor.
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Ivic, Milka. "Unexpectedness and its pragmatic markers in standard serbian." Juznoslovenski filolog, no. 60 (2004): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jfi0460015i.

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The paper sets about to identify something researchers fail to consider: the principles that in Standard Serbian govern the occurrence of the pragmatic devices vec, jos, jos uvek, and vise (ne..) by means of which the speaker discloses that the information about an actual state of affairs he is giving to his conversation partner happens to be an unexpected news for him. It highlights also the informational effects of vec on somebody who is listening to the conversation between the speaker and the addressee but who does not share in all details their stock of knowledge about the conversational topic and it rises the relevant question of the theoretical status of such effects.
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Stenström, Anna-Brita. "Avoid silence! Keep talking!" Discourse linguistics: Theory and practice 21, no. 1 (April 7, 2014): 30–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.21.1.03ste.

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The primary aim of this study has been to find out whether the choice and frequency of pragmatic markers can be said to distinguish phatic talk (‘chats’) from informative talk. A secondary aim has been to consider the bonding effect of the pragmatic markers. Five conversational extracts from COLT (The Bergen Corpus London Teenage Language), four representing boys’ and girls’ phatic talk, and one representing informative teacher talk have been investigated. The study shows that the distinction between the two types of talk is not a matter of frequency but a matter of marker choice. The bonding effect of the markers dominates in the girls’ talk in the form of appeals for agreement and encouragement signals. In both types of talk, the pragmatic markers are successfully used to avoid conversational gaps.
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Özyürek, Asli. "How children talk about a conversation." Journal of Child Language 23, no. 3 (October 1996): 693–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900009004.

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ABSTRACTThis study investigates how children of different ages talk about a conversation that they have witnessed. 48 Turkish children, five, nine and thirteen years in age, saw a televised dialogue between two Sesame Street characters (Bert and Ernie). Afterward, they narrated what they had seen and heard. Their reports were analysed for the development of linguistic devices used to orient their listeners to the relevant properties of a conversational exchange. Each utterance in the child's narrative was analysed as to its conversational role: (1) whether the child used direct or indirect quotation frames; (2) whether the child marked the boundaries of conversational turns using speakers' names and (3) whether the child used a marker for pairing of utterances made by different speakers (agreement-disagreement, request-refusal, questioning-answering). Within pairings, children's use of (a) the temporal and evaluative connectivity markers and (b) the kind of verb of saying were identified. The data indicate that there is a developmental change in children's ability to use appropriate linguistic means to orient their listeners to the different properties of a conversation. The development and use of these linguistic means enable the child to establish different social roles in a narrative interaction. The findings are interpreted in terms of the child's social-communicative development from being a ‘character’ to becoming a ‘narrator’ and ‘author’ of the reported conversation in the narrative situation.
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Kurniawan, Eko, and Shofi Mahmudah Budi Utami. "Conversational Implicature Of Women’s Language By Shin Tanokura In Drama Series Of Oshin." IZUMI 10, no. 1 (May 21, 2021): 184–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/izumi.10.1.184-192.

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This study aims to describe the conversational implicature of women’s language by Shin Tanokura in the drama series of Oshin. Research-based on a theory of Azuma (2009) for implicature as women’s language and Yule (2006) for conversational implicature. It is a kind of qualitative research. The data collection technique used is the observing method. The method used in this research is the descriptive analysis with Connect and Compare Equation Technique and Connect and Distinguishing Technique. The result showed that the conversational implicature of women’s language by Shin Tanokura in the drama series of Oshin is generalized conversational implicature, particularized conversational implicature, and scalar implicature. These three implicatures present markers that confirm the utterances belong to the variety of women’s language. In conclusion, the use of the implicature with high intensity is a marker of the utterance that belongs to the variety of women’s language. The variety of women’s language with the use of implicature gives an impression and an image about the characteristic of women and the variety of women’s language.
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Cannava, Kaitlin E., Andrew C. High, Susanne M. Jones, and Graham D. Bodie. "The Stuff That Verbal Person-Centered Support Is Made of: Identifying Linguistic Markers of More and Less Supportive Conversations." Journal of Language and Social Psychology 37, no. 6 (August 21, 2018): 656–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261927x18793683.

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Although the functions of messages varying in verbal person centeredness (PC) are well-established, we know less about the linguistic content that differentiates messages with distinct levels of PC. This study examines the lexicon of different levels of PC comfort and seeks to ascertain whether computerized analysis can complement human coders when coding supportive conversations. Transcripts from support providers trained to enact low, moderate, or high levels of PC were subjected to the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) dictionary. Results reveal that several categories in the LIWC dictionary vary systematically as a function of conversational PC level. LIWC categories, particularly pronouns, social process, cognitive process, anxiety, and anger words, reliably predict which level of the PC hierarchy an interaction represents based on whether a conversation was designed to be high, moderate, or low in PC. The implications are discussed in the context of the lexicon of conversations that vary in PC.
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Sakita, Tomoko I. "Discourse markers as stance markers." Pragmatics and Cognition 21, no. 1 (November 1, 2013): 81–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.21.1.04sak.

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Stance is inherent in conversational interaction and is interactional in nature. When speakers take a stance, they pay attention to both prior stances and stance relations, as well as to the anticipated consequences of their stancetaking. They manage stance relations as a way of dealing with the “sociocognitive relations” of intersubjectivity (Du Bois 2007). Using the dialogic framework proposed by Du Bois, this paper shows that the discourse marker well in American English works as a resource for the management of relationships among stances. With its referential and grammatical flexibility, it is uniquely characterized as a meta-stance marker because, rather than indexing a specific stance, it negotiates and regulates stance relations. Well is analyzed in two contextual categories: first, at stance divergence among utterances, and second, at stance shifts embedded in topic shift.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Conversational markers"

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Barras, Kazue Saito M. de. "Topical organization in the classroom : internal structure and conversational markers." Thesis, University of Essex, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302765.

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Corsetti, Cristiane Ruzicki. "Conversational competence in english as a second language : a study of pragmatic markers." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/7072.

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Conversation is one of the most fundamental activities in verbal communication. When people engage in conversational exchanges, they transmit information, perform actions, establish and maintain social relationships, among other acts. Conversation is often unplanned, takes place in real time and involves reciprocity. This thesis presents the foundations of Discourse Analysis, Pragmatics and Conversation Analysis and details discourse, pragmatic and interactional phenomena which seem to be intertwined during face-to-face conversations. It then focuses on the second language learner by addressing Interlanguage Pragmatics and by critically revisiting communicative competence frameworks and definitions of conversational competence. It justifies and proposes a conversational competence model in L2 within a pragmatic domain, comprising three facets: the management of discourse, the negotiation of illocutionary meaning and the deployment of conversational practices. It includes corpus-based investigations of pragmatic markers which are prototypical of the proposed facets of conversational competence.A small specialised corpus of Brazilian learners´ oral production at CEFR B1 had been previously built for the purposes of this thesis. Spoken sub-corpora derived from “The BNC Sampler” and “The Diachronic Corpus of Present-Day Spoken English” were selected as British English benchmark corpora. The empirical chapters of this thesis examined the most common discourse marking adverbs used to mediate segments of discourse in conversations, the most common explicit and implicit adverbial hedges used to mitigate representative speech acts and the most common minimal response tokens used to express good listenership. The pragmatic markers chosen for investigation were “well”, “really”, “actually”, “maybe”, “probably”, “just’’, “yeah” and “uhuh”. It was concluded that the subjects of this study would benefit from pedagogical assistance for the acquisition of discourse markers in general, for the pragmatic functions of the adjuster “just” and for more varied forms to express good listenership. The markers “really” and “yeah” were employed, in their discourse and pragmatic functions, with adequate relative frequencies by the Brazilian learners. The adverb “maybe” was overused, signalling a tendency to use adverbial forms to express epistemic stance instead of modal verbs.
A conversa é uma das atividades mais básicas da comunicação verbal. Indivíduos transmitem informações, realizam ações, estabelecem e mantêm relações sociais, entre outros atos, ao engajarem-se em trocas conversacionais. A conversa geralmente não é planejada, ocorre em tempo real e envolve reciprocidade. Esta tese apresenta os fundamentos da Análise do Discurso, da Pragmática e da Análise da Conversa, detalhando fenômenos discursivos, pragmáticos e interacionais que entrelaçam-se durante conversas presenciais. A seguir, foca no aprendiz de línguas, abordando a Pragmática da Interlíngua e discutindo modelos de competência comunicativa e definições de competência conversacional. Esta tese justifica e propõe um modelo de competência conversational em segunda língua, no escopo da Pragmática, que constitui-se de três componentes: o gerenciamento do discurso, a negociação do significado ilocucionário e a implementação de práticas conversacionais. Este estudo inclui investigações, baseadas na Linguística de Corpus, de marcadores pragmáticos característicos dos componentes propostos. Visando os objetivos desta tese, criou-se um pequeno corpus especializado, com a produção oral de aprendizes brasileiros no nível CEFR B1. Subcorpora orais oriundos do “The BNC Sampler” e “The Diachronic Corpus of Present-Day Spoken English” foram empregados como corpora de referência de inglês britânico. Os capítulos empíricos desta tese analisaram os advérbios mais comuns utilizados para mediar segmentos de discurso em conversas, os "hedges" adverbiais explícitos e implícitos mais comuns utilizados para mitigar atos de fala representativos e as partículas de resposta mínimas utilizadas pelo interlocutor para expressar uma boa receptividade. As investigações enfocaram os marcadores pragmáticos “well”, “really”, “actually”, “maybe”, “probably”, “just’’, “yeah” e “uhuh”. Concluiu-se que os sujeitos deste estudo se beneficiariam de práticas pedagógicas visando a aquisição de marcadores de discurso em geral, das funções pragmáticas do ajustador "just" e de formas mais variadas para expressar uma boa receptividade. Os marcadores “really” e “yeah” foram empregados, em suas funções discursivas e pragmáticas, com frequências adequadas pelos aprendizes brasileiros. O advérbio "maybe" foi sobre-utilizado, sinalizando uma tendência para a utilização de formas adverbiais para expressar epistemicidade, ao invés de verbos modais.
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Kristoffersen, Sofia. "Conversational Rituals in Computer- Mediated Communication : A Qulaitative Study of Discussion Forums." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för humaniora (HUM), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-25588.

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The aim of this study is to offer a new perspective on both interpersonal communication andcomputer-mediated communication (CMC), by means of conducting a pragma-linguisticanalysis and comparison of a semi-threaded discussion forum and a fully threaded discussionforum; analysing features such as linguistic markers, dialogic listening, politeness, cooperation,elaborate or laconic greetings, farewell expressions and other conversational rituals. Aqualitative study was conducted, employing two methods of gathering data: (a) participantobservation and (b) document and material analysis. The major question for discussion in thisstudy is whether there are any differences with respect to linguistic and non-linguistic featuresbetween the semi-threaded and fully threaded forums? The study concludes that there aredifferences in linguistic and non-linguistic features between semi-threaded and fully threadedforums, but these differences are minimal and can more likely be attributed to the forum subjectmatter and social context than to the forum structure itself.
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Santos, LetÃcia Adriana Pires Ferreira dos. "A conversaÃÃo de pessoas com transtornos mentais: um estudo dos turnos conversacionais, dos marcadores e do fenÃmeno da relevÃncia." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2000. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3365.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
A presente pesquisa apresenta uma anÃlise da conversaÃÃo de pessoas com transtornos mentais enfocando trÃs aspectos principais: um que investiga os marcadores conversacionais, outro que procura verificar como os participantes da conversaÃÃo interagem uns com os outros e finalmente um que analisa o fenÃmeno de relevÃncia. Para compreender a conversaÃÃo de pessoas com transtornos mentais, analisamos as conversas de trinta e cinco sujeitos, pacientes do Centro de AtenÃÃo de Quixadà (CAPS) nos anos de 1998, 1999 e 2000. Pela interpretaÃÃo dos resultados, chegou-se à conclusÃo de que tanto em situaÃÃes de surto como de nÃo surto, as pessoas com transtornos mentais dÃo seqÃÃncia aos turnos que exigem a formaÃÃo obrigatÃria e nÃo cancelÃvel de um par adjacente, usam mais sinais conversacionais pÃs-posicionados e utilizam mais os marcadores conversacionais convergentes e indagativos do que os divergentes. Confirmou-se tambÃm a hipÃtese de que em situaÃÃes de surto, essas pessoas apresentam um comprometimento maior no fenÃmeno da relevÃncia do que quando nÃo estÃo em surto. O estudo ressalta, ainda, que as conversas de pessoas com transtornos mentais contÃm elementos coerentes e relevantes, possibilitando reflexÃes sobre as concepÃÃes que defendem o isolamento dessas pessoas por as conceberem totalmente incapazes de um convÃvio social
This research presents an analysis of the conversation of mentally disturbed people focusing on three main aspects: it investigates the conversational markers used in their interactions, it verifies how conversation participants interact with one another and, finally, it analyses the relevance phenomenon. In order to reach our aim, we have analysed the conversation of thirty-five patients of the Centro de AtenÃÃo (CAPS) of QuixadÃ, in Brazilâs northeastern state of Cearà who had their conversations recorded during 1988, 1999 and 2000. The results of the analysis have indicated that both in periods of onset or not, mentally disturbed people give continuation to conversational turns that require the mandatory formation of na adjacency pair, use more post-positioned conversational signals than pre-positioned ones, and utilize more converging and enquiring conversational markers than diverging ones. The hypothesis that, when in crises, the conversation of mentally disturbed people present a greater weakening of the relevance phenomenon has also been confirmed. The study highlights that the conversation of such people is, to some extent, coherent and relevant. This fact calls for a revision as regards the conceptions that defend the isolation of these people by preconceiving them unable of social interaction
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Penedo, Fernanda Pereira. "Estratégias e marcadores conversacionais na construção do diálogo em Os novos, de Luiz Vilela." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/14269.

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This study aims to identify markers and conversational strategies used by the characters in the dialogue of fiction. We use excerpts taken from the corpus selected for analysis of dialogue built, the novel The new, the storyteller mining Luiz Vilella. In the work, we highlight the schemes used by the characters in different communicative situations and observe the rich set of examples of typical variations of oral language. The corpus is not a transcript, but replaces the recordings of conversations in natural situations. Constructions of lines of characters created by Vilela, often approaching the reality spoken language of the reader. Vilela transmits information regarding the interaction process for the construction of his dialogues, transforming its texts into excellent source of study of conversation through written texts
Este estudo tem por finalidade identificar marcadores e estratégias conversacionais utilizadas pelas personagens no diálogo de ficção. Utilizamos trechos retirados do corpus selecionado para análise do diálogo construído, do romance Os novos, do contista mineiro Luiz Vilella. Na obra, podemos destacar os esquemas utilizados pelas personagens em diferentes situações de comunicação e observar o rico exemplário de variações típicas da linguagem oral. O corpus não representa uma transcrição, mas substitui as gravações de conversações em situações naturais. As construções das falas das personagens criadas por Vilela, muitas vezes se aproximam da realidade linguística falada do leitor. Vilela transmite informações inerentes ao processo interacional para a construção de seus diálogos, transformando seus textos em excelente fonte de estudo da conversação por meio de textos escritos
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Santos, Elaine Cristina Silva. "Gramaticalização de verbos: o verbo \'esperar\' no português culto de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-26042010-114709/.

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Entende-se por gramaticalização a passagem de um item lexical para um item gramatical, ou de um menos gramatical para um mais gramatical. Vinculando este trabalho ao arcabouço teórico da Gramaticalização numa abordagem funcionalista, discutimos a mudança lingüística empreendida pelo verbo esperar até alcançar seu padrão funcional de marcador conversacional sob forma da expressão espera aí. Como ponto de partida, elegemos uma amostra do falar culto paulista a partir de materiais provenientes do acervo CAPH (Centro de Apoio à Pesquisa em História FFLCH-USP), da midiateca do IEA (Instituto de Estudos Avançados-USP) e de entrevistas já organizadas pela equipe do Projeto NURC/SP (Projeto Norma Urbana Culta de São Paulo). Evidenciamos o papel discursivo do interlocutor como gatilho para a emergência do padrão funcional mais inovador. Esta dissertação vincula-se ao Grupo de Pesquisa Mudança Gramatical do Português Gramaticalização (CNPq-USP).
It is assumed that grammaticalization is the passage from a lexical to a grammatical item or from a less grammatical to a more grammatical one. We link this research to a theoretical framework of the Grammaticalization in a functionalist approach, we also argue about the linguistic change undertaken by the verb esperar (wait) until it reaches its functional standard of a conversational marker that is formed by the expression espera aí. A starting point, we elect a sample of the Paulistas (from São Paulo) standard spoken language material proceeding from the CAPH (Center of Support to the Research in History - FFLCH-USP), from the midia-library of the IEA (Institute of Advanced Studies) and the Project NURC/SP (Project Cultured Urban Norm of São Paulo) organized interviews. We evidence the discursive role of the interlocutor as the trigger for the rising of the more innovative functional standard. This dissertation is linked to the Group to Research Portuguese Grammatical Change - Grammaticalization (CNPq-USP).
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Santos, Letícia Adriana Pires Ferreira dos. "A conversação de pessoas com transtornos mentais: um estudo dos turnos conversacionais, dos marcadores e do fenômeno da relevância." www.teses.ufc.br, 2001. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/8748.

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SANTOS, Letícia Adriana Pires Ferreira dos. A conversação de pessoas com transtornos mentais: um estudo dos turnos conversacionais, dos marcadores e do fenômeno da relevância. 2001. 213f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Letras Vernáculas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Linguística, Fortaleza (CE), 2001.
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This research presents an analysis of the conversation of mentally disturbed people focusing on three main aspects: it investigates the conversational markers used in their interactions, it verifies how conversation participants interact with one another and, finally, it analyses the relevance phenomenon. In order to reach our aim, we have analysed the conversation of thirty-five patients of the Centro de Atenção (CAPS) of Quixadá, in Brazil’s northeastern state of Ceará who had their conversations recorded during 1988, 1999 and 2000. The results of the analysis have indicated that both in periods of onset or not, mentally disturbed people give continuation to conversational turns that require the mandatory formation of na adjacency pair, use more post-positioned conversational signals than pre-positioned ones, and utilize more converging and enquiring conversational markers than diverging ones. The hypothesis that, when in crises, the conversation of mentally disturbed people present a greater weakening of the relevance phenomenon has also been confirmed. The study highlights that the conversation of such people is, to some extent, coherent and relevant. This fact calls for a revision as regards the conceptions that defend the isolation of these people by preconceiving them unable of social interaction
A presente pesquisa apresenta uma análise da conversação de pessoas com transtornos mentais enfocando três aspectos principais: um que investiga os marcadores conversacionais, outro que procura verificar como os participantes da conversação interagem uns com os outros e finalmente um que analisa o fenômeno de relevância. Para compreender a conversação de pessoas com transtornos mentais, analisamos as conversas de trinta e cinco sujeitos, pacientes do Centro de Atenção de Quixadá (CAPS) nos anos de 1998, 1999 e 2000. Pela interpretação dos resultados, chegou-se à conclusão de que tanto em situações de surto como de não surto, as pessoas com transtornos mentais dão seqüência aos turnos que exigem a formação obrigatória e não cancelável de um par adjacente, usam mais sinais conversacionais pós-posicionados e utilizam mais os marcadores conversacionais convergentes e indagativos do que os divergentes. Confirmou-se também a hipótese de que em situações de surto, essas pessoas apresentam um comprometimento maior no fenômeno da relevância do que quando não estão em surto. O estudo ressalta, ainda, que as conversas de pessoas com transtornos mentais contêm elementos coerentes e relevantes, possibilitando reflexões sobre as concepções que defendem o isolamento dessas pessoas por as conceberem totalmente incapazes de um convívio social
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Lindqvist, Helena. "Marcadores metadiscursivos, fluidez y participación conversacional en español L2 : La evolución de la competencia comunicativa durante la estancia en una comunidad de la lengua meta." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Romanska och klassiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-145137.

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This study investigates the acquisition and use of metadiscourse markers in learners/users of L2 Spanish and the role these markers play in the development of fluency and conversational participation during a five-month stay in Spain as exchange students of business administration. The study has been conducted in three steps. The first part focuses on the theory and categorization of metadiscourse markers, followed by an analysis of the use and development of these markers in learners of L2 Spanish. The second part deals with the categorization and operationalization of aspects of fluency and conversational participation that can be associated with the use of metadiscourse markers; followed by an analysis of these aspects in the performance of the learners. The third part of the study is a summary of the results obtained and a discussion of the relationship between the use of metadiscourse markers and the development of fluency and conversational participation. The data underlying the current study consists of a selection of 17 recorded conversations between learners of L2 Spanish and native speakers of Spanish taken from the AKSAM database. The conversations belong in two activity types: discussions and simulated negotiations. The selected sample has a duration of approx. 10 hours and comprises 87 683 words. The study focuses on nine learners who have been recorded at the beginning and at the end of their five month study-abroad stay. Results show that frequency of use of metadiscourse markers has increased considerably at the end of the stay in the majority of the learners under study. A qualitative development can also be found, through which the metadiscourse markers that characterize the learners’ L1 and/or interlanguage have been substituted by more target-like expressions. Furthermore, both their fluency and level of conversational participation have generally increased. Within this development, however, a notable individual variation can be found. The learners who show the strongest development as regards fluency and conversational participation are also found to exhibit the most salient development of metadiscourse markers. Since disfluency is reduced to a lesser degree in those participants who also exhibit a less developed use of metadiscourse markers, it is argued that the development of metadiscourse markers in the L2 learner runs parallel to the development of discourse skills, but also that acquiring an adequate use of metadiscourse markers helps developing these skills.
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Baz, Dami Glades Maidana. "Análise dos marcadores conversacionais em Guarani Jopará." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-07022011-111639/.

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O projeto NURC surge no Brasil para estabelecer amostras da norma culta falada em cinco grandes capitais brasileiras. Fundamenta-se na pragmática, a conversação entre os falantes é analisada e os resultados desta análise desvendam os elementos típicos da oralidade. Um dos elementos mais estudados tem sido os marcadores conversacionais ou discursivos. Estes são relevantes para a coesão e coerência do texto falado. A partir do estudo sobre a norma culta, averiguamos a presença dos marcadores conversacionais na língua falada no Paraguai, o guarani jopará. Trata-se de uma língua que se mistura com o espanhol. São encontradas grandes mesclas lingüísticas que se evidenciam também nos marcadores conversacionais. Este trabalho visa, portanto, apresentar alguns marcadores conversacionais presentes no corpus e estabelecer suas funções dentro do contexto interacional do ato comunicativo. Visa também apresentar os marcadores conversacionais responsáveis pelos encadeamentos entre os super-tópicos e tópicos do texto oral.
The project NURC was created in Brazil as an attempt to establish samples of educated spoken language. Relying on pragmatics, the speakers conversations are analysed and the results shows an increasing number of typical elements of oral language. One of the most frequently studied elements has been the conversational or discursive markers, essential for cohesion and coherence of spoken text. We research the conversational markers in the language spoken in Paraguai: The Guarani jopará. It is a language that is mixed with Spanish. Is possible to find a lot of linguistic mixing in the guarani jopará conversational markers too. Therefore, this study aimed at presenting some conversational markers founded in the corpus and defining their functions within the interaction context of the communicative act.
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Vázquez, Carranza Ariel. "Sequential markers in Mexican Spanish talk : a conversation-analytic study." Thesis, University of Essex, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.654582.

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The present study is framed within the methodology of Conversation Analysis (CA). It uses naturally occurring interactions in Mexican Spanish to investigate six Spanish particles: turn-initial no, pues, 0 sea, oye, ah, and ay. These particles are treated as sequential markers (SMs). That is, the analysis focuses on the sequential and social implications of these particles in interaction. The questions that this thesis aims to answer are: what do speakers do when deploying these SMs in terms of actions in talk, and what do these SMs do to the structure of the interaction or/and to the interactional activity? To answer these question, each SM is examined individually and their examination is carried out in very specific type of sequences or interactional environments: turn-initial no is analysed in assessment sequences and in environments of activity transition. Pues is analysed when it prefaces the answer to a question or a request or an agreement; and when pues is deployed at the end of a turn. 0 sea is examined in environments of repair and topic shift. Oye is analysed in sequential contexts that shape the structure of conversation, and when it is deployed at the end of a turn. Ah is examined in informing sequences and in three different sequential contexts where speakers display remembering. Finally, ay is analysed with relation to the talk that precedes it. This study attempts to illustrate how SMs are significant features of the organization of talk and the accomplishment of actions in interaction. It proposes an alternative approach, i.e. CA, to the study of Spanish particles - so called marcadores del discurso (,discourse markers'). And it aims to initiate the investigation of Spanish interactions using CA as a framework.
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Books on the topic "Conversational markers"

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Bakshi, Rajni. Bazaars, conversations, and freedom: For a market culture beyond greed and fear. New Delhi: Penguin Books, 2009.

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Bakshi, Rajni. Bazaars, conversations, and freedom: For a market culture beyond greed and fear. New Delhi: Penguin Books, 2009.

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Bazaars, conversations and freedom: For a market culture beyond greed and fear. New Delhi: Penguin Books India, 2009.

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Olney, Judith. The farm market cookbook: Conversations, recipes, cooking tips, growing hints, mail order sources, a geographical guide, and everything else you should know about American farmers' markets. New York, N.Y: Doubleday, 1991.

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Pragmatics of discourse. Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, 2014.

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Davis, Carol. Women's conversations in a Minangkabau market: Toward an understanding of the social context of economic transactions. [Hull, England]: University of Hull, Centre for South-East Asian Studies, 1997.

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Slaughter in the Sacramento Valley: Poaching and commercial-market hunting--stories and conversations. Boulder, Colo: Johnson Books, 2008.

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The new market wizards: Conversations with America's top traders. Columbia [Md.]: Marketplace Books Inc., 2008.

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Schwager, Jack D. The new market wizards: Conversations with America's top traders. New York: Wiley, 1992.

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Schwager, Jack D. The new market wizards: Conversations with America's top traders. New York: HarperBusiness, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Conversational markers"

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Beňuš, Štefan. "Conversational Entrainment in the Use of Discourse Markers." In Recent Advances of Neural Network Models and Applications, 345–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04129-2_34.

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Datar, Shreya, Libby Ferland, Esther Foo, Michael Kotlyar, Brad Holschuh, Maria Gini, Martin Michalowski, and Serguei Pakhomov. "Measuring Physiological Markers of Stress During Conversational Agent Interactions." In AI for Disease Surveillance and Pandemic Intelligence, 247–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93080-6_18.

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Smith, Sara W., and Andreas H. Jucker. "Actually and other markers of an apparent discrepancy between propositional attitudes of conversational partners." In Pragmatic Markers and Propositional Attitude, 207. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.79.10smi.

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Navarro, Antonio Hidalgo, and Diana Martínez Hernández. "Chapter 3. Prosodic versatility, hierarchical rank and pragmatic function in conversational markers." In Empirical Studies of the Construction of Discourse, 61–92. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.305.03nav.

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Zhu, Dongyi. "Chapter 3. Conversational narrative marker." In Analysing Chinese Language and Discourse across Layers and Genres, 38–57. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/scld.13.03zhu.

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Furkó, Péter B. "Discourse Markers in Natural Conversations, Scripted Conversations and Political Interviews: Core and Peripheral Uses." In Discourse Markers and Beyond, 39–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37763-2_2.

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Park, Yong-Yae. "A Discourse Analysis of Contrastive Connectives in English, Korean, and Japanese Conversation." In Discourse Markers, 277. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.57.14par.

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Cerne, Annette. "Inviting the Suppliers to Join the Conversation." In Moralising Global Markets, 169–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75981-4_6.

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Larson, Katherine R. "Markets and Thresholds: Conversation as Spatial Practice." In Early Modern Women in Conversation, 39–59. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230319530_3.

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Attardo, Salvatore, Lucy Pickering, and Amanda Baker. "Prosodic and multimodal markers of humor in conversation." In Benjamins Current Topics, 37–60. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bct.55.03att.

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Conference papers on the topic "Conversational markers"

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Niculae, Vlad, and Cristian Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil. "Conversational Markers of Constructive Discussions." In Proceedings of the 2016 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/n16-1070.

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USUDA, Yasuyuki. "Japanese Quotation Marker “tte” in Conversation using Everyday Conversation Corpus*." In 2020 23rd Conference of the Oriental COCOSDA International Committee for the Co-ordination and Standardisation of Speech Databases and Assessment Techniques (O-COCOSDA). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/o-cocosda50338.2020.9295029.

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Sharma, Suraj, Joseph Brennan, and Jason Nurse. "StockBabble: A Conversational Financial Agent to support Stock Market Investors." In CUI '21: CUI 2021 - 3rd Conference on Conversational User Interfaces. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3469595.3469620.

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Wang, Yu-Wun, Hen-Hsen Huang, Kuan-Yu Chen, and Hsin-Hsi Chen. "Discourse Marker Detection for Hesitation Events on Mandarin Conversation." In Interspeech 2018. ISCA: ISCA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2018-2129.

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Li, Chuyuan, Maxime Amblard, Chloé Braud, Caroline Demily, Nicolas Franck, and Michel Musiol. "Investigating non lexical markers of the language of schizophrenia in spontaneous conversations." In Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Computational Approaches to Discourse. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.codi-main.3.

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Prihastuti, Yuli Susanti, and Fazri Nur Yusuf. "Conversation Analysis: Turn taking marker in Catatan Najwa (Setia Pengacara Setya, Part 1)." In Proceedings of the Eleventh Conference on Applied Linguistics (CONAPLIN 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/conaplin-18.2019.106.

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Prihastuti, Yuli Susanti, and Fazri Nur Yusuf. "Conversation Analysis: Turn taking marker in Catatan Najwa (Setia Pengacara Setya, Part 1)." In Proceedings of the Eleventh Conference on Applied Linguistics (CONAPLIN 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/conaplin-18.2019.206.

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Prihastuti, Yuli Susanti, and Fazri Nur Yusuf. "Conversation Analysis: Turn taking marker in Catatan Najwa (Setia Pengacara Setya, Part 1)." In Proceedings of the Eleventh Conference on Applied Linguistics (CONAPLIN 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/conaplin-18.2019.313.

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Baiat, G. Esfandiari, M. Coler, M. Pullen, S. Tienkouw, and L. Hunyadi. "Multimodal analysis of “well” as a discourse marker in conversation: A pilot study." In 2013 IEEE 4th International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications (CogInfoCom). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/coginfocom.2013.6719257.

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Plotnikova, Sasha. "Designing for Degrowth: Architecture Against Climate Apartheid." In AIA/ACSA Intersections Conference. ACSA Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.aia.inter.20.3.

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This paper challenges architects to consider a political economy that allows for social and ecological sustainability in the practice of architecture. At a time that bears witness to scores of radical proposals for re-shaping the field, we have the opportunity to reconsider the foundations of the field, and to pinpoint systemic injustices in which the building industries are complicit. In engaging a conversation about alternatives to a market-driven design field, this paper opens up a conversation about the ethics of sustainable design as it’s been practiced under the prevailing growth-driven economic model, in comparison with how it might fortify the longevity of a community under an alternative framework. The paper will point to examples of existing practices that apply principles of degrowth in furthering sustainable build- ing and living practices in the context of their community. Using the framework of degrowth, this paper expands the notion of sustainable design to include the social dimension (ie, whether a project sustains a community or displaces it); provides an analysis of “green growth” and “green-washing,” and equips architects with an understanding of ecology that considers the biosphere and the community where the proj- ect is sited as being inextricable from one another.
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Reports on the topic "Conversational markers"

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Collett, Clementine, Gina Neff, and Livia Gouvea. The Effects of AI on the Working Lives of Women. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004055.

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Globally, studies show that women in the labor force are paid less, hold fewer senior positions and participate less in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields. A 2019 UNESCO report found that women represent only 29% of science R&D positions globally and are already 25% less likely than men to know how to leverage digital technology for basic uses. As the use and development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) continues to mature, its time to ask: What will tomorrows labor market look like for women? Are we effectively harnessing the power of AI to narrow gender equality gaps, or are we letting these gaps perpetuate, or even worse, widen? This collaboration between UNESCO, the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) examines the effects of the use of AI on the working lives of women. By closely following the major stages of the workforce lifecycle from job requirements, to hiring to career progression and upskilling within the workplace - this joint report is a thorough introduction to issues related gender and AI and hopes to foster important conversations about womens equality in the future of work.
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MacFarlane, Andrew. 2021 medical student essay prize winner - A case of grief. Society for Academic Primary Care, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37361/medstudessay.2021.1.1.

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As a student undertaking a Longitudinal Integrated Clerkship (LIC)1 based in a GP practice in a rural community in the North of Scotland, I have been lucky to be given responsibility and my own clinic lists. Every day I conduct consultations that change my practice: the challenge of clinically applying the theory I have studied, controlling a consultation and efficiently exploring a patient's problems, empathising with and empowering them to play a part in their own care2 – and most difficult I feel – dealing with the vast amount of uncertainty that medicine, and particularly primary care, presents to both clinician and patient. I initially consulted with a lady in her 60s who attended with her husband, complaining of severe lower back pain who was very difficult to assess due to her pain level. Her husband was understandably concerned about the degree of pain she was in. After assessment and discussion with one of the GPs, we agreed some pain relief and a physio assessment in the next few days would be a practical plan. The patient had one red flag, some leg weakness and numbness, which was her ‘normal’ on account of her multiple sclerosis. At the physio assessment a few days later, the physio felt things were worse and some urgent bloods were ordered, unfortunately finding raised cancer and inflammatory markers. A CT scan of the lung found widespread cancer, a later CT of the head after some developing some acute confusion found brain metastases, and a week and a half after presenting to me, the patient sadly died in hospital. While that was all impactful enough on me, it was the follow-up appointment with the husband who attended on the last triage slot of the evening two weeks later that I found completely altered my understanding of grief and the mourning of a loved one. The husband had asked to speak to a Andrew MacFarlane Year 3 ScotGEM Medical Student 2 doctor just to talk about what had happened to his wife. The GP decided that it would be better if he came into the practice - strictly he probably should have been consulted with over the phone due to coronavirus restrictions - but he was asked what he would prefer and he opted to come in. I sat in on the consultation, I had been helping with any examinations the triage doctor needed and I recognised that this was the husband of the lady I had seen a few weeks earlier. He came in and sat down, head lowered, hands fiddling with the zip on his jacket, trying to find what to say. The GP sat, turned so that they were opposite each other with no desk between them - I was seated off to the side, an onlooker, but acknowledged by the patient with a kind nod when he entered the room. The GP asked gently, “How are you doing?” and roughly 30 seconds passed (a long time in a conversation) before the patient spoke. “I just really miss her…” he whispered with great effort, “I don’t understand how this all happened.” Over the next 45 minutes, he spoke about his wife, how much pain she had been in, the rapid deterioration he witnessed, the cancer being found, and cruelly how she had passed away after he had gone home to get some rest after being by her bedside all day in the hospital. He talked about how they had met, how much he missed her, how empty the house felt without her, and asking himself and us how he was meant to move forward with his life. He had a lot of questions for us, and for himself. Had we missed anything – had he missed anything? The GP really just listened for almost the whole consultation, speaking to him gently, reassuring him that this wasn’t his or anyone’s fault. She stated that this was an awful time for him and that what he was feeling was entirely normal and something we will all universally go through. She emphasised that while it wasn’t helpful at the moment, that things would get better over time.3 He was really glad I was there – having shared a consultation with his wife and I – he thanked me emphatically even though I felt like I hadn’t really helped at all. After some tears, frequent moments of silence and a lot of questions, he left having gotten a lot off his chest. “You just have to listen to people, be there for them as they go through things, and answer their questions as best you can” urged my GP as we discussed the case when the patient left. Almost all family caregivers contact their GP with regards to grief and this consultation really made me realise how important an aspect of my practice it will be in the future.4 It has also made me reflect on the emphasis on undergraduate teaching around ‘breaking bad news’ to patients, but nothing taught about when patients are in the process of grieving further down the line.5 The skill Andrew MacFarlane Year 3 ScotGEM Medical Student 3 required to manage a grieving patient is not one limited to general practice. Patients may grieve the loss of function from acute trauma through to chronic illness in all specialties of medicine - in addition to ‘traditional’ grief from loss of family or friends.6 There wasn’t anything ‘medical’ in the consultation, but I came away from it with a real sense of purpose as to why this career is such a privilege. We look after patients so they can spend as much quality time as they are given with their loved ones, and their loved ones are the ones we care for after they are gone. We as doctors are the constant, and we have to meet patients with compassion at their most difficult times – because it is as much a part of the job as the knowledge and the science – and it is the part of us that patients will remember long after they leave our clinic room. Word Count: 993 words References 1. ScotGEM MBChB - Subjects - University of St Andrews [Internet]. [cited 2021 Mar 27]. Available from: https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/subjects/medicine/scotgem-mbchb/ 2. Shared decision making in realistic medicine: what works - gov.scot [Internet]. [cited 2021 Mar 27]. Available from: https://www.gov.scot/publications/works-support-promote-shared-decisionmaking-synthesis-recent-evidence/pages/1/ 3. Ghesquiere AR, Patel SR, Kaplan DB, Bruce ML. Primary care providers’ bereavement care practices: Recommendations for research directions. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2014 Dec;29(12):1221–9. 4. Nielsen MK, Christensen K, Neergaard MA, Bidstrup PE, Guldin M-B. Grief symptoms and primary care use: a prospective study of family caregivers. BJGP Open [Internet]. 2020 Aug 1 [cited 2021 Mar 27];4(3). Available from: https://bjgpopen.org/content/4/3/bjgpopen20X101063 5. O’Connor M, Breen LJ. General Practitioners’ experiences of bereavement care and their educational support needs: a qualitative study. BMC Medical Education. 2014 Mar 27;14(1):59. 6. Sikstrom L, Saikaly R, Ferguson G, Mosher PJ, Bonato S, Soklaridis S. Being there: A scoping review of grief support training in medical education. PLOS ONE. 2019 Nov 27;14(11):e0224325.
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