Dissertations / Theses: 'Conversion of the recovery in bankruptcy'

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Assis, Dione Valesca Xavier de. "Uma análise empírica sobre o processo de recuperação econômica pela via judicial adotado pelas sociedades empresárias: a experiência no Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Rio de Janeiro." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/9787.

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Este estudo objetiva analisar os processos de recuperação judicial iniciados, desde a vigência da Lei de Recuperação de Empresas (fevereiro de 2005) até 31/06/2011 nas varas empresarias da comarca da capital do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Além da aferição do tempo médio de cada uma das etapas previstas na Lei de Recuperação de Empresas (deferimento do processamento da recuperação judicial, concessão da recuperação judicial e encerramento do processo após cumprimento de todas as obrigações previstas no plano que se vencerem até dois anos depois da concessão da recuperação judicial), busco também verificar se, de fato, alguma sociedade requerente conseguiu se recuperar. Para tanto, considerarei recuperada a sociedade que, após o encerramento do processo, estiver cumprindo plenamente o seu plano de recuperação, sem que tenha havido qualquer requerimento posterior de falência. Considerando que a Lei de Recuperação de Empresas já está no seu sétimo ano de vigência, bem como o fato de o legislador ter idealizado o processo para que dure no máximo 3 anos, entendo não haver óbices à adoção do conceito supra, tendo em vista que já haver tempo suficiente para o início e encerramento desse tipo de processo. Diante disso, o presente estudo observou que o tempo médio para cumprimento das etapas ultrapassa o limite do razoável, bem como que nenhuma sociedade conseguiu se recuperar até o desfecho da pesquisa, havendo casos, inclusive, de convolação da recuperação judicial em falência.
This study focus on analyzing the judicial recovery proceedings from its beginning, since The New Business Restructuring and Bankruptcy Law's effectiveness (February of 2005) until June 31st, 2011, when its use started on the enterprise matters court of the State of Rio de Janeiro. The analyzes will be done through all phases predicted on the New Business Restructuring and Bankruptcy Law, such as the acceptance of the process of Judicial Recovery, the granting of the judicial recovery and the closure of the process after fulfillment of all obligations predicted on the recovery plan in the period limit of 2 years after the granting of the judicial recovery plan. This analyzes also confirm if any Company had in fact been able to recover after this process. For this purpose, it shall be considered recovery a Company that has fulfill it plans after the Regarding the 7th anniversary of The New Business Restructuring and Bankruptcy Law closure of the process without a claim of bankruptcy in this period., as well as the Brazilian Legislator planned processing to last no more than three years, from my point of view there are no reasons which can obstruct the referred concept adoption as there is time enough to initiate and conclude the processing. Therefore, this study had observed that average time to conclude all processing stages exceed the reasonable time and there was no company able to recover itself until the closure of this study, having indeed cases of conversion of the Judicial Recovery into bankruptcy.

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Wang, Xiyang. "Recovery rate, debt structure and valuation within U.S. bankruptcy law." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/39126/.

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The U.S. Bankruptcy Code is a frequently used channel to resolve corporate financial distress. In the code, liquidation (Chapter 7) and reorganization (Chapter 11) are two most crucial processes. My PhD thesis discusses several important issues around the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, including recovery rate determination in bankruptcy, debt valuation in bankruptcy under a two-class debt structure and determination of an optimal bankruptcy threshold. With the aim of linking corporate finance and asset pricing, new models of credit risk are developed in this thesis and fruitful empirical implications are generated. Specifically, the first main chapter is “Default and Recovery Rate under Chapter 11 with Multiple Debts”. This studies both theoretically and empirically the influence of debt structure on the outcome of debt renegotiation under Chapter 11. I investigate the trilateral negotiation in court-supervised formal bankruptcy. The model demonstrates how loans and bonds differ in terms of concentration level of debt owner and how this disparity impacts the action of the debtor company both before and after bankruptcy. The model developed in this chapter predicts that creditors’ ultimate recovery is higher for firms with more bank debt and less bargaining frictions and, despite the bank’s involvement improving total recovery, bondholders are still disadvantaged by the presence of senior bank creditors. Using a sample of 439 U.S. firms that filed for Chapter 11 during 1987-2014, I present evidence on the link between bank debt share and recovery rates that is supportive of the model’s prediction. The second main chapter is “Debt Structure and Valuation in U.S. Bankruptcy Code”. In this chapter I discuss the impact of bankruptcy procedure on security valuation by developing a credit risk model. As in the first chapter, the debt structure is in the form of two-class debt. A structural model of credit risk is built where default and liquidation are represented by two boundaries and a grace period is granted prior to liquidation. Within the setup, corporate debt is viewed as quasi Parisian corridor option and valuations are obtained via a partial differential equation formulation solved using a finite difference approach. The model can generate a credit spread for corporate debt which is more quantitatively consistent with the market credit spread. In this chapter I also show how the debt valuation is affected by several bankruptcy-related factors such as length of grace period. The last chapter, “Boundary Determination and Optimal Control Right Allocation in Financially Distressed Firms”, analyzes the determination of optimal default and liquidation boundaries in bankrupt entities. Compared with the previous chapter, this chapter reexamines the issue of debt valuation but allows the liquidation and renegotiation boundaries to be determined endogenously by valuing the maximization decision of involved parties. The model results show that different claim holders choose different default and liquidation boundaries to maximize the value of securities they hold, which leads to conflicts of interest between borrowers and lenders and also between different borrowers. The first-best outcome can be achieved if bondholders determine the liquidation boundary. Finally, the model shows that the optimal length of grace period, in the sense of firm value maximization, is roughly 6 months.

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Thorburn, Karin S. "Cash auction bankruptcy and corporate restructuring." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Economic Research Institute, Stockholm School of Economics [Ekonomiska forskningsinstitutet vid Handelshögsk.] (EFI), 1998. http://www.hhs.se/efi/summary/475.

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Donaj, Pawel. "Conversion of biomass and waste using highly preheated agents for materials and energy recovery." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Energi- och ugnsteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-34253.

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One of the greatest challenges of human today is to provide the continuous and sustainable energy supply to the worldwide society. This shall be done while minimizing all the negative consequences of the operation(s) to the environment and its living habitants including human beings, taking from the whole life cycle perspective. In this thesis work new solutions for treatment biomass and waste are analyzed. Based on the fundamental research on the conversion of various materials (biomass: straw pellets, wood pellets; and waste: plastic waste, ASR residues after pyrolysis), converted by means of different systems (pyrolysis in a fluidized bed reactor, gasification in a fixed-bed reactor using highly preheated agents) it is recommended to classify materials against their charring properties under pyrolysis, in order to find the best destination for a given type of fuel. Based on phenomenological research it was found that one of the important effects, affecting performance of downdraft gasifiers, is the pressure drop through the bed and grate. It affects, directly, the velocity profile, temperature distribution and of the height of the bed, especially for the grate with restricted passage surface, although it was not investigated in literature. The lower grate porosity, the higher conversion of fuel and heating value of gas is produced. However, the stability of the process is disturbed; therefore reducing the grate porosity below 20% is not recommended, unless the system is designed to overtake the consequences of the rising pressure inside the reactor. This work proposed the method for prediction of a total pressure drop through the fixed-bed downdraft gasifier equipped with a grate of certain porosity with an uncertainty of prediction ±7.10. Three systems have been proposed; one for the treatment of automotive shredder residue (ASR), one for the treatment of plastic waste (polyolefins) and one for biomass (wood/straw pellets). Pyrolysis is an attractive mean of conversion of non-charring materials (like plastic waste) into valuable hydrocarbons feedstock. It gives directly 15-30% gaseous olefins while the residue consisting of naphtha-like feedstock has to be reformed/upgraded to olefins or other chemicals (e.g. gasoline generation) using available petrochemical technologies. Pyrolysis of complex waste mixture such as ASR is an attractive waste pretreatment method before applying any further treatments, whereby useful products are generated (gaseous and liquid fuel) and char, rich in precious metals. The solid residues are meant for further treatment for energy and metals recovery. Gasification is a complementary method for handling pyrolysis residues. However, metals can be removed before gasification. Pyrolysis of charring materials, like biomass, is a very important step in thermo-chemical conversion. However, the char being approximately 25%wt. contains still very high caloric value of about 30MJ/kg. This in connection with the High Temperature Steam Gasification process is a very promising technology for biomass treatment, especially, above 900oC. This enhances the heat transfer towards the sample and accelerates kinetics of the gasification. This, in turn, improves the conversion of carbon to gas, increases the yield of the producer gas and reduces tar content. At higher steam to fuel ratio the process increases the yield of hydrogen, making it suitable for second-generation biofuels synthesis, whereas at lower steam to fuel ratio (S/F<2) the generated gas is of high calorific value making it suitable for power generation in a combined cycle.

QC 20110607

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Zulkifli, Shamsul. "Energy recovery from landing aircraft." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10843.

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Currently, renewable energy sources are the main driver for future electricity generation. This trend is growing faster in the developed countries in order to reduce the green house effect and also in response to the limited supply of oil, gas and coal which are currently the major sources for electric generation. For example, the main renewable energy sources are from wind energy and solar energy but these energies are only available to those countries that are exposed to these resources. In this thesis an alternative energy source is investigated where it can be generated from the moving objects or in form of kinetic energy. The idea is to convert the kinetic energy during landing aircraft into electrical energy which it can also be stored and transferred to the existing electrical network. To convert this kinetic energy to electrical energy, the linear generator (LG) and uncontrolled rectifier have been used for energy conversion. The LG have been modelled in 3-phase model or in dq model and combined with the diode rectifier that is used to generate the dc signal outputs. Due to the uncontrolled rectifier the electrical outputs will have decaying amplitude along the landing time. This condition also happen to the LG outputs such as the force and the power output. In order to control these outputs the cascaded buck-boost converter has been used. This converter is responsible to control the output current at the rectifier and also the LG output power during landing to more controllable power output. Here, the H∞ current control strategy has been used as it offers a very good performance for current tracking and to increase the robustness of the controller. During landing, huge power is produced at the beginning and when the landing time is increased, the generated input power from LG is reduced to zero. Due to this, the energy storage that consists of ultracapacitor, bidirectional converter and boost converter are used in order to store and to release the energy depends on the input power source and load grid power. The voltage proportional-integral (PI) control strategy has been used for both the converters. The last part is to transfer the energy from the source and at the ultracapacitor to the load by using the inverter as the processing device. The power controller and current controller are used at the inverter in order to control the power ?ow between the inverter and the grid. This is when the reference power is determined by the load power in order to generate the reference currents by using the voltage oriented controller (VOC), while the H∞ current controller is used to regulate the inverter currents in order to inject the suitable amount of current that refer to the load power. Finally, a complete energy recovery system for landing aircraft with the grid connection have been put together to make the whole system to be as a new renewable energy source for the future electricity generation.

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Zhao, Qun. "Performance Improvement of Power Conversion by Utilizing Coupled Inductors." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26224.

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This dissertation presents the derivation, analysis and application issues of advanced topologies with coupled inductors. The proposed innovative solutions can achieve significant performance improvement compared to the state-of-the-art technology. New applications call for high-efficiency high step-up DC-DC converters. The basic topologies suffer from extreme duty ratios and severe rectifier reverse recovery. Utilizing coupled inductor is a simple solution to avoid extreme duty ratios, but the leakage inductance associated with the coupled inductor induces severe voltage stress and loss. An innovative solution is proposed featuring with efficient leakage energy recovery and alleviated rectifier reverse recovery. Impressive efficiency improvement is achieved with a simple topology structure. The coupled inductor switching cell is identified. Topology variations and evaluations are also addressed. The concept that utilizes coupled inductors to alleviate rectifier reverse recovery is then extended, and new topologies suitable for other applications are generated. The proposed concept is demonstrated to solve the severe rectifier reverse recovery that occurs in continuous current mode (CCM) boost converters. Significant profile reduction and power density improvement can be achieved in front-end CCM power factor correction (PFC) boost converters, which are the overwhelmingly choice for use in telecommunications and server applications. This dissertation also proposes topologies to realize the single-stage parallel PFC by utilizing coupled inductors. Compared to the state-of-the-art single-stage PFC converters, the proposed topologies introduce a new power flow pattern that minimizes the bulk-capacitor voltage stress and the switch current stress.
Ph. D.

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Ghrayeb, Ali A. "ON SYMBOL TIMING RECOVERY IN ALL-DIGITAL RECEIVERS." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/609698.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 27-30, 1997 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) currently achieves a bandwidth efficiency (h ) of 0.5 to 1.0 bps/Hz by using traditional modulation schemes, such as, BPSK and QFSK. SNL has an interest in increasing the present bandwidth efficiency by a factor of 4 or higher with the same allocated bandwidth (about 10 MHz). Simulations have shown that 32- QAM trellis-coded modulation (TCM) gives a good bit error rate (BER) performance, and meets the requirements as far as the bandwidth efficiency is concerned. Critical to achieving this is that the receiver be able to achieve timing synchronization. This paper examines a particular timing recovery algorithm for all-digital receivers. Timing synchronization in a digital receiver can be achieved in different ways. One way of achieving this is by interpolating the original sampled sequence to produce another sampled sequence synchronized to the symbol rate or a multiple of the symbol rate. An adaptive sampling conversion algorithm which performs this function was developed by Floyd Gardner in 1993. In the present work, his algorithm was applied to two different modulation schemes, BPSK and 4-ary PAM. The two schemes were simulated in the presence of AWGN and ISI along with Gardner’s algorithm for timing recovery, and a fractionally spaced equalizer (T/2 FSE) for equalization. Simulations show that the algorithm gives good BER performance for BPSK in all the situations, and at different sampling frequencies, but unfortunately poor performance for the 4-ary PAM scheme. This indicates that Gardner’s algorithm for sampling conversion is not suitable for multi-level signaling schemes.

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Häggström, Gustav. "Experimental studies of ash transformation processes in thermochemical conversion of P-rich biomass and sludge." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Energivetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-78593.

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The efficient use of resources and sustainable recovery of various materials are important to minimize the anthropogenic impact on the climate and environment. One such resource is the phosphorus present in manure and sewage sludge. Various technologies are currently being developed to recover the phosphorus for the use of fertilizers in agricultural applications. Thermochemical conversion presents an opportunity to recover energy from these materials. At the same time, elements can be recovered in ash fractions, potentially harmful organic substances can be destroyed and heavy metals fractionated from the P. Mono-combustion of sewage sludge mainly produce apatite, which is not plant available and useful for fertilization. Co-combustion/-gasification with other fuels enables modification of ash transformation pathways and also remedy potential problems, such as bed agglomeration, associated with e.g. agricultural residues used as fuels. This thesis aims to increase the current knowledge in ash transformation of phosphorus-rich materials in cocombustion/-gasification with woody and agricultural fuels in process temperatures relevant for fluidized bed systems. The work focuses on i) possibility for formation of plant-available K-bearing phosphates ii) the effect of fuel ash composition and chemical association of P in the fuel on the distribution and speciation of P and iii) interaction of P-rich ash with bed material in fluidized beds. Experiments were carried out in bench-scale bubbling fluidized bed (BFB), macro-TGA (thermogravimetric analysis) combustion reactors and a dual fluidized bed (DFB) gasification reactor. Fuels studied were mixtures of chicken litter together with wheat straw and bark, and mixtures of digested sewage sludge combined with wheat straw and sunflower husk. Ash fraction and bed materials were collected and analyzed using ICP-OES/MS, SEM-EDS and XRD techniques. For the mixture of chicken litter and K- and Si-rich wheat straw, combusted in BFB, P and Si together with K and Ca formed homogeneous ash particles with large amounts of potentially amorphous iv content. A similar behavior was observed in sewage sludge and wheat straw mixtures where P and Si were likely present in a melt that is amorphous after extraction. In addition to these particles, P was also found in crystalline compounds such as hydroxyapatite, whitlockite and CaKPO4. For mixtures with Ca-rich bark, most of the phosphate formed was in the form of hydroxyapatite. In the interaction of ash with bed material, P captures Ca and K in phosphates, decreasing the interactions of these elements with the bed material, and thus can decrease the risk for bed agglomeration. The findings show that it is possible to modify the ash transformation of P towards K-bearing phosphates by co-combustion. Furthermore, they suggest that it is possible to recover most of the phosphorus in coarse ash fractions through co-combustion of P-rich materials with agricultural fuels. This means that P and volatile heavy metals can be separated into different ash fractions. This also increases the possibility of utilizing existing boilers for recovery of P as well as increased their flexibility to different fuels. To further validate the agricultural value of the produced ashes, plant growth studies have to be performed.

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Serutla, Bokhabane Tlotliso Violet. "Potential for energy recovery and its economic evaluation from a municipal solid wastes landfill in Cape Town." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2463.

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Thesis (MTech (Chemical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.
Landfill gases, principally methane, CH4 are produced from the decomposition of the municipal solid wastes deposited on landfill sites. These gases can be captured and converted into usable energy or electricity which will assist in addressing energy needs of South Africa. Its capture also reduces the problems associated with greenhouse gases. The aim of this study is to estimate gases that can be produced from the Bellville landfill site in Cape Town. The landfill gas capacity was estimated using Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) model. The IPCC model showed that 48 447m3/year of landfill gas capacity was determined only in 2013. The LFGTE process plant is designed in a manner of purifying landfill gas, which at the end methane gets up being the only gas combusted. As a matter of fact 14 544kg/year of gases which consists mainly methane gets combusted. The average energy that can be produced based on the generated landfill gas capacity (methane gas) is 1,004MWh/year. This translates to R1. 05million per year at Eskom’s current tariff of R2.86 /kWh) including sales from CO2 which is a by-product from the designed process plant. A LFGTE process plant has been developed from the gathered information on landfill gas capacity and the amount of energy that can be generated from the gas. In order, to start-up this project the total fixed capital costs of this project required amounted up to R2.5 million. On the other hand, the project made a profit amounted to R3.9million, the Net profit summed up to R1. 3million and the payback time of Landfill Gas ToEnergy (LFGTE) project is 4years.The break-even of the project is on second year of the plant’s operation. The maximum profit that this project can generate is around R1. 1million. The life span of the plant is nine years. Aspen plus indicated that about 87% of pure methane was separated from CO2 and H2S for combustion at theabsorption gas outletstream. I would suggest this project to be done because it is profitable when by-products such as CO2 sales add to the project’s revenues.

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Brown, Ashlie M. "Improved thermal energy utilization through coupled and cascaded cooling cycles." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31645.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.
Committee Chair: Dr. Srinivas Garimella; Committee Member: Dr. Samuel Graham; Committee Member: Dr. Sheldon Jeter. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

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Chen, Huijuan. "The Conversion of Low-Grade Heat into Power Using Supercritical Rankine Cycles." Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3447.

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Low-grade heat sources, here defined as below 300 ºC, are abundantly available as industrial waste heat, solar thermal, and geothermal, to name a few. However, they are under-exploited for conversion to power because of the low efficiency of conversion. The utilization of low-grade heat is advantageous for many reasons. Technologies that allow the efficient conversion of low-grade heat into mechanical or electrical power are very important to develop. This work investigates the potential of supercritical Rankine cycles in the conversion of low-grade heat into power. The performance of supercritical Rankine cycles is studied using ChemCAD linked with customized excel macros written in Visual Basic and programs written in C++. The selection of working fluids for a supercritical Rankine cycle is of key importance. A rigorous investigation into the potential working fluids is carried out, and more than 30 substances are screened out from all the available fluid candidates. Zeotropic mixtures are innovatively proposed to be used in supercritical Rankine cycles to improve the system efficiency. Supercritical Rankine cycles and organic Rankine cycles with pure working fluids as well as zeotropic mixtures are studied to optimize the conversion of lowgrade heat into power. The results show that it is theoretically possible to extract and convert more energy from such heat sources using the cycle developed in this research than the conventional organic Rankine cycles. A theory on the selection of appropriate working fluids for different heat source and heat sink profiles is developed to customize and maximize the thermodynamic cycle performance. The outcomes of this research will eventually contribute to the utilization of low-grade waste heat more efficiently.

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Lee, Kwan-Seop. "Studies on the decay and recovery of higher-order solitons, initiated by localized channel perturbations." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2004. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04122004-143924/unrestricted/Lee%5FKwanseop%5F200405%5FPhD.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004.
John A. Buck, Committee Chair ; Stephen E. Ralph, Committee Member ; Gee-Kung Chang, Committee Member ; Rick Trebino, Committee Member ; Glenn S. Smith, Committee Member. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-104).

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Capar, Goksen. "Development Of A Membrane Based Treatment Scheme For Water Recovery From Textile Effluents." Phd thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605839/index.pdf.

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A membrane based treatment scheme was developed for the recovery of the print dyeing wastewaters (PDWs) and the acid dye bath wastewaters (ADBWs) of carpet manufacturing industry. The treatment schemes were developed by selecting the best pre-treatment and treatment processes among the alternatives of chemical precipitation (CP), microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF). The best process train for PDW was CP+NF, where organic matter, color, turbidity and total hardness were removed at >
95%. The alternative process train CP+UF also removed color and turbidity almost completely, however organic matter rejection was low, being 25% at highest. The quality of NF permeates were suitable for dyeing of light colors whereas UF permeates were suggested for washing of the printed carpets or dyeing of the dark colors. The best process train for ADBW was MF (1.0 mm)+NF, where organic matter rejection increased from 65% to 97% due to pH neutralization. Alternatively, sequential NF was required up to three stages in order to achieve similarly high rejections at the acidic pH of ADBW. Therefore, pH neutralization was realized to be a very important operational parameter affecting the treatment scheme. Although pH neutralization increased the flux declines by almost 5%, chemical cleaning was very effective to restore the original fluxes. Finally, ADBW was mixed with PDW, which already had a pH around neutral, so that the pH of ADBW would rise towards neutral without chemical consumption. The results suggested that these wastewaters could be treated together as long as they were mixed up to equal volumes at pH around neutral. Therefore, a final treatment scheme, which involved single NF for the mixture of PDW and ADBW, following their individual pre-treatment stages, was proposed as the most efficient process train.

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Wood, Leslie L. ""Everything I Did in Addiction, I'm Pretty Much the Opposite Now": Recovery Capital and Pathways to Recovery from Opiate Addiction." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1594640821872756.

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Vohralíková, Monika. "Úvěrové financování v rámci insolvenčního řízení při reorganizaci." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-162910.

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The new Insolvency Law came into the account in 2008. It brought number of innovations. New rules for reorganization and dealing with bankruptcy was established. Companies facing the bankruptcy are now allowed to get operational funds by loan financing in the scope of insolvency law. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the use of debt financing during the reorganization under bankruptcy law and identifying motives for his provision creditors. The work also focuses on success factors reorganization and find the main risk areas affecting the outcome of the healing process.

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Cavalcanti, Arthur Miranda. "O Craw Down na Recuperação de Empresas: entre o limite da atuação do poder judiciário e a efetividade da superação da crise." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2017. http://tede2.unicap.br:8080/handle/tede/939.

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The judicial reorganization of companies consists in a legal means for a company in economic and financial crisis to seek corporate reorganization and is provided in the Law 11101 of 2005, which regulates judicial recovery, extrajudicial recovery and bankruptcy of the company in crisis. According to legal provisions, through a procedure initiated directly by the debtor, the debtor must demonstrate to the creditors his viability to continue the business activity, providing the means of recovery that are skillful to obtain their approval. If the result of the General Meeting of Creditors is negative to the proposed recovery plan, the bankruptcy can be decreed. After this pronouncement of the creditors, the judiciary, according to the form adopted in the Brazilian legislation, is not able to replace, with greater freedom, the will of the majority of the creditors. Thus, the risk of judicial recovery does not succeed is imminent. However, there is an alternative to rejecting the will of creditors. This is the legal institution of Cram Down, a measure that gives the Judiciary greater powers to interfere and decide for the preservation of the company, even if the recovery plan has not been approved by the majority of the creditors, as provided for in the Recovery Act and Bankruptcies.Of foreign origin, Cram Down already finds defenders as an effective means of avoiding the breakdown of a viable company, but which is hostage to the individual interests of creditors. The study developed in the present work intends to identify if the decision made on the basis of the North American institute is possible within the legal reality of the Brazilian bankruptcy law and, in that case, to confirm if it is sufficent to produce results able to achieve the purpose of the recovery and, thus, able to fulfill the social function of the company. Doctrine and jurisprudence are the sources of study of this institute already adopted inforeign legislations, but still mitigated in our legal system.
A recuperação judicial de empresas consiste em um meio legal de uma empresa em crise econômico-financeira buscar a reorganização empresarial e encontra-se prevista na Lei nº 11.101/2005, legislação que disciplina a recuperação judicial, extrajudicial e a falência da empresa em crise. Segundo previsão legal, através de um procedimento instaurado diretamente pelo devedor, este deverá demonstrar aos credores sua viabilidade de dar continuidade à atividade empresarial, fornecendo meios de recuperação hábeis a conquistar a aprovação destes. Sendo o resultado da Assembleia Geral de Credores negativo ao plano de recuperação proposto, a falência pode ser decretada. Após esse pronunciamento dos credores o judiciário, segundo a forma adotada na legislação brasileira, não é capaz de substituir, com maior liberdade, a vontade da maioria dos credores. Assim, iminente é o risco de recuperações judiciais não lograrem êxito. Entretanto, há uma alternativa à rejeição da vontade dos credores. Trata-se do instituto jurídico do Cram Down, medida que outorga ao Poder Judiciário maiores poderes para interferir e decidir pela preservação da empresa, mesmo que o plano de recuperação não tenha sido aprovado em assembleia pela maioria dos credores, como prevê a Lei de Recuperação e Falências. De origem estrangeira, o Cram Down já encontra defensores como meio efetivo de evitar a quebra de uma empresa viável, masque esteja refém de interesses individuais de credores. O estudo desenvolvido no presente trabalho pretende identificar se a decisão tomada com base no instituto norte americano é possível dentro realidade jurídica do direito falimentar brasileiro, e, em sendo, confirmar se é capaz de produzir resultados aptos a atender o objetivo da recuperação e, assim, cumprir a função social da empresa. Doutrina e jurisprudência são as fontes de estudo desse instituto já adotado em legislações estrangeiras, mas, ainda, mitigado em nosso sistema legal.

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17

Salame, Sahar. "Méthodologie de conception de l'architecture d'intégration énergétique des procédés variables incluant des stockages thermiques et des systèmes de conversion d'énergie." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0087/document.

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Pour atteindre une haute efficacité énergétique dans l'industrie, des méthodes d'intégration énergétique ont été développées. La plupart de ces travaux traitent des procédés continus. Or 50 % des procédés industriels sont des procédés discontinus ou variables dans le temps. D'où la problématique : comment effectuer l'intégration énergétique des procédés discontinus ou variables dans le temps en incluant le stockage thermique et les systèmes de conversion d'énergie tout en minimisant l'exergie consommée ? Et comment dimensionner les utilités dans ce type de procédés pour répondre aux contraintes imposées par le réseau et aux obligations d'effacement ? La première partie présente le modèle de conception de l'architecture d'intégration énergétique des procédés discontinus en incluant les stockages thermiques et des systèmes de conversions d'énergie (pompes à chaleur, ORC, machines trithermes) dans la phase de conception. Ce modèle permet le dimensionnement et la détermination de la température des stockages thermiques ainsi que des systèmes de conversion d'énergie en minimisant l'exergie consommée dans le procédé. La deuxième partie présente le modèle de dimensionnement des utilités, en prenant en compte leur fonctionnement réel à charge partielle ou soumises à des contraintes imposées par le réseau. C'est une optimisation économique permettant de déterminer le nombre, le type et la capacité des utilités permettant de satisfaire les besoins du procédé en l'intégrant énergétiquement
Many heat integration methods were developed to achieve high-energy efficiency in industry. Most of them are dedicated to continuous processes. However, statistics show that 50 % of processes are variable or batch. Hence: how to energetically integrate variable or batch processes including heat storages and energy conversion systems while minimizing the consumed exergy in the process? How to design utilities while considering the constraints on the energy network like the fluctuation of energy prices (imposed to reduce the energy consumption on peak hours) and the energy availability (resulting from the use of renewable energies)?The first part of the thesis presents the model to design the optimal architecture of heat integration in discontinuous processes including heat storages and energy conversion systems (heat pumps, tri-thermal machines, ORC etc.). This model allows the design of heat storages. The capacity and temperatures of energy conversion systems are also determined using this model. The objective is to reduce the consumed exergy in the process.The second part present the model for utilities design taking into account the real behavior of those under part load conditions or under constraints imposed by the network. It is an economic optimization

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Kent, Ryan Alexander. "Conversion of Landfill Gas to Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels: Design and Feasibility Study." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6102.

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This paper will discuss the conversion of gas produced from biomass into liquid fuel through the combination of naturally occurring processes, which occur in landfills and anaerobic digesters, and a gas-to-liquids (GTL) facility. Landfills and anaerobic digesters produce gases (LFG) that can be converted into syngas via a Tri-reforming process and then synthesized into man-made hydrocarbon mixtures using Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Further processing allows for the separation into liquid hydrocarbon fuels such as diesel and gasoline, as well as other middle distillate fuels. Conversion of landfill gas into liquid fuels increases their energy density, ease of storage, and open market potential as a common “drop in” fuel. These steps not only allow for profitable avenues for landfill operators but potential methods to decrease greenhouse gas emissions. The objective of this paper is to present a preliminary design of an innovative facility which processes contaminated biogases and produces a valuable product. An economic analysis is performed to show feasibility for a facility under base case scenario. A sensitivity analysis is performed to show the effect of different cost scenarios on the breakeven price of fuel produced. Market scenarios are also presented in order to further analyze situations where certain product portions cannot be sold or facility downtime is increased. This facility is then compared to traditional mitigation options, such as flaring and electricity generation, to assess the effect each option has on cost, energy efficiency, and emissions reduction.

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Araujo, Adroaldo. "Lei de falências : um comparativo entre a antiga lei de falência e a nova lei de recuperação de empresas, aspectos positivos e negativos da alteração, uma abordagem multidisciplinar." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/27189.

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Este estudo destina-se a consecução de um trabalho comparativo entre a nova Lei de Recuperação de Empresas e a antiga Lei de Falência e Concordata. Busca uma abordagem multidisciplinar que aponte os aspecto positivos e negativos na implantação da nova ordem jurídica, bem como, alguns efeitos econômicos resultantes. Desta forma obteremos uma melhor compreensão das mudanças ocorridas no novo ordenamento, destinado a sociedade brasileiro como um todo. O resultado deste trabalho de pesquisa, vai alem de meras verificações quantitativa do sistema busca um caminha na construção de uma ordem jurídica capaz de atender as necessidades das empresas, sem esquecer os objetivos da sociedade civil.
This study it is destined achievement of a comparative work enters the new Law of Recovery of Companies and the old Law of Bankruptcy and Forced agreement. It searchs a boarding to multidiscipline that it points the aspect positive and negative in the implantation of the new jurisprudence, as well as, some resultant economic effect. In such a way we will get one better understanding of the occured changes in the new order, destined the Brazilian society as a whole. The result of this work of research, goes beyond mere verifications quantitative of the system searchs one walks in the construction of a jurisprudence capable to take care of the necessities of the companies, without forgetting the objectives the civil society.

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Maffioletti, Emanuelle Urbano. "O direito concursal das sociedades cooperativas e a lei de recuperação de empresas e falência." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2132/tde-06072011-104739/.

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A tese parte da análise jurídica do concurso das sociedades cooperativas para abordar as disciplinas concursais de insolvência civil, recuperação de empresas e falência, bem como as normas de liquidação aplicáveis às cooperativas no direito brasileiro e comparado. O direito concursal hodierno dispõe de mecanismos recuperativos em caso de crise financeira, e liquidatórios, com normas que primam pela eficiência dos institutos do direito concursal e pela continuação da atividade produtiva, com o fim de beneficiar o credor, devedor e a coletividade. Tende-se a adotar o princípio de unidade legal, de sistema e de disciplina, com pressuposto subjetivo unificado, abrangendo todos os devedores, inclusive as sociedades cooperativas, que quando organizadas como empresas são empresárias de economia social, com natureza jurídica e estrutura que beneficiam a coletividade. O Brasil não adota o princípio da unidade, nem reconhece as sociedades cooperativas como empresas, com a exclusão das cooperativas da lei de recuperação e falências, o que fere as orientações internacionais de incentivo e de tratamento não discriminatório às sociedades cooperativas e surge como mais um obstáculo ao seu desenvolvimento no Brasil. Este estudo teórico-descritivo subdivide-se em três capítulos: o primeiro aborda a doutrina e a normativa do direito concursal com enfoque na sociedade cooperativa, analisando a evolução do direito concursal, os pressupostos subjetivos e os institutos do direito concursal brasileiro, inclusive os aplicáveis às sociedades cooperativas; o segundo aprofunda o estudo da sociedade cooperativa como empresa de economia social para demonstrar a sua realidade econômica empresarial e as suas características estruturais, além de as orientações internacionais sobre a promoção da cooperativa; e o terceiro avalia a adequação do direito concursal das cooperativas no Brasil e formula proposições sobre a matéria. A relação teoria e prática tem como base as decisões judiciais existentes sobre a matéria.
The thesis begins with the legal analysis of the bankruptcy of cooperative societies to address the legal types of bankruptcy non-commercial entities insolvency system (insolvência civil), companies recovery system and bankruptcy and the liquidation rules applicable to cooperatives under Brazilian law and comparative law. The bankruptcy law nowadays has recovery mechanisms in cases of financial crisis and liquidation. It presents rules that aim at efficiency and at the continuity of the production, in order to benefit creditors, debtors and the community. There is a tendency to adopt the legal unit principle, the system principle and the discipline principle, with a unified subjective premise that covers all debtors, including cooperative societies. When organized as companies, these societies are social economy entrepreneurs, whose juridical nature and structure benefit the community. Brazil does not adopt the legal unit principle and does not recognize cooperative societies as companies, with the exception of the cooperatives covered by the recovery and bankruptcy law. This fact constitutes a disagreement in relation to international orientations of promotion and non-discriminatory treatment to cooperative societies and arises as an obstacle to the development of these societies in the country. The theoretical-descriptive study is divided into three chapters: the first one presents the doctrine and the rules related to bankruptcy law focusing the aspects of cooperative societies and analyzing the evolution, the subjective premises and the institutes of bankruptcy law, including those applicable to cooperative societies; the second chapter analyses the cooperative society as a social economy company and demonstrates its entrepreneurs economic reality, its structural characteristics and adds international orientations on the promotion of cooperatives; the third chapter evaluates the appropriateness of bankruptcy law related to cooperatives in Brazil and formulates propositions on the issue. The relation between theory and practice is demonstrated with judicial decisions on the matter.

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21

Liao, Miao. "Single View Modeling and View Synthesis." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/828.

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This thesis develops new algorithms to produce 3D content from a single camera. Today, amateurs can use hand-held camcorders to capture and display the 3D world in 2D, using mature technologies. However, there is always a strong desire to record and re-explore the 3D world in 3D. To achieve this goal, current approaches usually make use of a camera array, which suffers from tedious setup and calibration processes, as well as lack of portability, limiting its application to lab experiments. In this thesis, I try to produce the 3D contents using a single camera, making it as simple as shooting pictures. It requires a new front end capturing device rather than a regular camcorder, as well as more sophisticated algorithms. First, in order to capture the highly detailed object surfaces, I designed and developed a depth camera based on a novel technique called light fall-off stereo (LFS). The LFS depth camera outputs color+depth image sequences and achieves 30 fps, which is necessary for capturing dynamic scenes. Based on the output color+depth images, I developed a new approach that builds 3D models of dynamic and deformable objects. While the camera can only capture part of a whole object at any instance, partial surfaces are assembled together to form a complete 3D model by a novel warping algorithm. Inspired by the success of single view 3D modeling, I extended my exploration into 2D-3D video conversion that does not utilize a depth camera. I developed a semi-automatic system that converts monocular videos into stereoscopic videos, via view synthesis. It combines motion analysis with user interaction, aiming to transfer as much depth inferring work from the user to the computer. I developed two new methods that analyze the optical flow in order to provide additional qualitative depth constraints. The automatically extracted depth information is presented in the user interface to assist with user labeling work. In this thesis, I developed new algorithms to produce 3D contents from a single camera. Depending on the input data, my algorithm can build high fidelity 3D models for dynamic and deformable objects if depth maps are provided. Otherwise, it can turn the video clips into stereoscopic video.

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22

Li, Liang. "Experimental and theoretical investigation of CO2 trans-critical power cycles and R245fa organic Rankine cycles for low-grade heat to power energy conversion." Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/14766.

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Globally, there are vast amounts of low-grade heat sources from industrial waste and renewables that can be converted into electricity through advanced thermodynamic power cycles and appropriate working fluids. In this thesis, experimental research was conducted to investigate the performance of a small-scale Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system under different operating conditions. The experimental setup consisted of typical ORC system components, such as a turboexpander with a high speed generator, a scroll expander, a finned-tube condenser, an ORC pump, a plate evaporator and a shell and tube evaporator. R245fa was selected as the working fluid, on account of its appropriate thermophysical properties for the ORC system and its low ozone depletion potential (ODP). The test rig was fully instrumented and extensive experiments carried out to examine the influences of several important parameters, including heat source temperature, ORC pump speed, heat sink flow velocity, different evaporators and with or without a recuperator on overall R245fa ORC performances. In addition, in terms of the working fluid’s environmental impact, temperature match of the cycle heat processes and system compactness, CO2 transcritical power cycles (T-CO2) were deemed more applicable for converting low-grade heat to power. However, the system thermal efficiency of T-CO2 requires further improvement. Subsequently, a test rig of a small-scale power generation system with T-CO2 power cycles was developed with essential components connected; these included a plate CO2 supercritical heater, a CO2 transcritical turbine, a plate recuperator, an air-cooled finned-tube CO2 condenser and a CO2 liquid pump. Various preliminary test results from the system measurements are demonstrated in this thesis. At the end, a theoretical study was conducted to investigate and compare the performance of T-CO2 and R245fa ORCs using low-grade thermal energy to produce useful shaft or electrical power. The thermodynamic models of both cycles were developed and applied to calculate and compare the cycle thermal and exergy efficiencies at different operating conditions and control strategies. In this thesis, the main results showed that the thermal efficiency of the tested ORC system could be improved with an increased heat source temperature in the system with or without recuperator. When the heat source temperature increased from 145 oC to 155 oC for the system without recuperator, the percentage increase rates of turbine power output and system thermal efficiency were 13.6% and 14% respectively while when the temperature increased from 154 oC to 166 oC for the system with recuperator, the percentage increase rates were 31.2% and 61.97% respectively. In addition, the ORC with recuperator required a relative higher heat source temperature, which is comparable to a system without recuperator. On the other hand, at constant heat source temperatures, the working fluid pump speed could be optimised to maximise system thermal efficiency for ORC both with and without recuperator. The pressure ratio is a key factor impacting the efficiencies and power generation of the turbine and scroll expander. Maximum electrical power outputs of 1556.24W and 750W of the scroll expander and turbine were observed at pressure ratio points of 3.3 and 2.57 respectively. For the T-CO2 system, the main results showing that the CO2 mass flow rate could be directly controlled by varying the CO2 liquid pump speeds. The CO2 pressures at the turbine inlet and outlet and turbine power generation all increased with higher CO2 mass flow rates. When CO2 mass flow rate increased from 0.2 kg/s to 0.26kg/s, the maximum percentage increase rates of measured turbine power generation was 116.9%. However, the heat source flow rate was found to have almost negligible impact on system performance. When the thermal oil flow rate increased from 0.364kg/s to 0.463kg/s, the maximum percentage increase rate of measured turbine power generation was only 14.8%. For the thermodynamic analysis, with the same operating conditions and heat transfer assumptions, the thermal and exergy efficiencies of R245fa ORCs are both slightly higher than those of T-CO2. However, the efficiencies of both cycles can be enhanced by installing a recuperator at under specific operating conditions. The experiment and simulation results can thus inform further design and operation optimisations of both the systems and their components.

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Silva, Roseli Rêgo Santos Cunha. "O atual regime brasileiro de recuperação e falência como efetivação da função social da empresa." Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito da UFBA, 2009. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/10753.

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O presente trabalho analisou a forma pela qual a função social da empresa alterou e remodelou o regime brasileiro de recuperação e falência com a introdução da lei n. 11.101/2005. Inicialmente foi feita uma descrição sumária da transformação histórica da empresa como um fenômeno socioeconômico abordando-se em seguida a sua evolução jurídica desde a fase corporativa até a atual fase da teoria da empresa. Dessa última fase extraiu-se o conceito normativo de empresa e os seus elementos. Num segundo momento foi realizado um estudo sobre a função social iniciado com uma abordagem acerca dos elementos que ilustraram a instituição de um novo paradigma no direito privado contemporâneo: a constitucionalização do direito privado a funcionalização e a socialização do direito. Em seguida a função social foi analisada sob o prisma do direito constitucional e privado com um enfoque especial sobre a função social da empresa a qual é responsável pela empregabilidade pelo recolhimento de impostos e pela produção de bens e serviços que suprirão as necessidades humanas e promoverão o desenvolvimento socioeconômico. Após tais considerações foi traçada a evolução histórica do direito falimentar em que se percebe uma mudança significativa de um regime fundado em uma ótica meramente liquidatória para outro cujo principio essencial é a preservação das unidades produtivas com o menor sacrifício dos agentes envolvidos com a empresa em dificuldades. Na última parte do trabalho verifica-se como contribuição científica algumas demonstração e efeitos da aplicação da função social da empresa na lei n. 11.101/2005: a recuperação de empresas a ausência de sucessão obrigacional na realização do ativo a participação de credores na gestão da empresa a manutenção do desenvolvimento econômico e social e busca do pleno emprego. Por fim foi abordado o papel do poder judiciário na efetivação da lei de falência e recuperação de empresas em função de sua convergência com a economia administração e contabilidade bem como a importância da atividade jurisdicional na concretização da função social da empresa.
Salvador

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Nascimento, Flávia de Oliveira Santos do. "Passivo ambiental de empresas em regime de insolvência." Universidade Católica de Santos, 2018. http://biblioteca.unisantos.br:8181/handle/tede/5082.

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Este estudo busca tratar do tema do passivo ambiental que possa ser oriundo da atividade empresarial e o tratamento desse passivo a partir da eventual insolvência empresarial e suas repercussões no mundo jurídico diante da pluralidade de sanções e normas protetivas do ambiente. Empregando método hipotético-dedutivo e dialético, o estudo tem o objetivo de desvendar a forma pela qual se dá o tratamento do passivo ambiental nos processos de recuperação judicial e de falência. Através de pesquisa bibliográfica, jurisprudencial e documental sobre o tema, no contexto nacional, o estudo apresenta análise crítica sobre a empresa na ordem econômica constitucional contemporânea. Também são tratados aspectos dos processos concursais de falência e de recuperação judicial, ao lado da questão do passivo ambiental em suas múltiplas facetas, incluindo eventual solução de multas e penalidades geradas no decorrer da existência da empresa.
This study aims to deal with the environmental liabilities that may arise from business activity and the treatment of these liabilities based on the eventual insolvency of the company and its repercussions in the legal world due to the plurality of sanctions and protective norms of the environment. Using a hypothetical-deductive and dialectical method, the study aims to uncover the way in which environmental liabilities are treated in judicial reorganization and bankruptcy proceedings. Through a bibliographical, jurisprudential and documentary research on the subject, in the national context, the study presents a critical analysis about the company in the contemporary constitutional economic order. Aspects of bankruptcy and judicial reorganization proceedings are also dealt with, along with the issue of environmental liability in its many facets, including the possible settlement of fines and penalties generated during the company's existence.

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Espinosa, Nicolas. "Contribution to the study of waste heat recovery systems on commercial truck diesel engines." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL064N.

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L'augmentation du prix du pétrole ainsi qu'une possible future réglementation des émissions de CO2 encourage les fabricants de véhicules industriels à trouver de nouvelles solutions pour améliorer encore la performance de la chaine cinématique. Dans ce cadre, deux solutions de récupérations d'énergie prometteuses sont très souvent rapportées dans la littérature: le système de récupération d'énergie par cycle de Rankine et le générateur thermoélectrique. Après un rappel des conditions limites du fonctionnement d'un camion long routier, cette thèse démontre tout d’abord la modélisation 0-D et 1-D (logiciels commerciaux utilisés) de ces deux systèmes de récupération d’énergie. Pour le générateur thermoélectrique, des études paramétriques (hauteur de jambe thermoélectrique, prix, puissance électrique produite) sont effectuées se basant principalement sur l'utilisation de deux matériaux prometteurs. Une conception du système Rankine est présentée et modélisée avec le solveur 1-D. Des validations partielles sont réalisées sur les composants (turbine). Ce modèle a ensuite permis d'étudier les transitoires du système ainsi que la charge en réfrigérant et un système de contrôle possible. Cette étude montre que le générateur thermoélectrique n’est pas encore mature pour son utilisation dans un camion long routier. Le système Rankine doit quant à lui être testé sur un camion prototype pour pouvoir véritablement estimer son potentiel final
Fuel price increase as well as future fuel consumption regulations lead truck manufacturers to further enhance the current powertrain. In such a context, two waste heat recovery technologies appear as promising: the Rankine system as well as the thermoelectric generator. After a reminding of truck boundary conditions, this thesis work defines 0-D and 1-D modeling (commercial tool used) for both systems.For the thermoelectric generator , parametric 1-D studies are done on the integration/design (number of thermoelements, price, electrical power) of a thermoelecric generator upstream the existing engine exhaust gas recirculation cooler. Main studies are done with thermoelectric materials but other materials are also considered. A Rankine system design is presented and modeled under a 1-D solver. Preliminary validations are presented. Transient aspects are evaluated to better understand the behavior of the system and its bottlenecks. The amount of refrigerant in the circuit and the control schematic are also addressed.From these studies, it appears that the thermoelectric generator technology is not yet mature for a long haul truck due to the low performance of thermoelectric materials. The Rankine system technology should handle a complete truck prototype testing to estimate its potential

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Nguyen, Trung-Hiên. "Theoretical and experimental study of optical solutions for analog-to-digital conversion of high bit-rate signals." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S110/document.

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Les formats de modulation bidimensionnels (i.e. basés sur l’amplitude et la phase de l’onde porteuse) ont gagné depuis peu le domaine des transmissions par fibre optique grâce aux progrès conjoints de l’électronique rapide et du traitement du signal, indispensables pour réaliser les récepteurs opto-électroniques utilisant la détection cohérente des signaux optiques. Pour pallier les limites actuelles en rapidité de commutation des circuits intégrés électroniques, une voie de recherche a été ouverte il y a quelques années, consistant à utiliser des technologies optiques pour faciliter la parallélisation du traitement du signal, notamment dans l’étape d’échantillonnage ultra-rapide du signal rendu possible par des horloges optiques très performantes. Le thème principal de cette thèse concerne l’étude théorique et expérimentale de la fonction de conversion analogique-numérique (ADC) de signaux optiques par un récepteur opto-électronique cohérent, associant les étapes d’échantillonnage optique linéaire, de conversion analogique-numérique et de traitement du signal. Un prototype, utilisant une solution originale pour la source d’échantillonnage, est modélisé, réalisé et caractérisé, permettant la reconstruction temporelle de signaux optiques modulés selon divers formats : NRZ, QPSK, 16-QAM. Les limitations optiques et électroniques du système sont analysées, notamment l’impact sur la reconstruction des signaux de divers paramètres : le taux d’extinction de la source optique, les paramètres de l’ADC (bande passante BW, temps d’intégration et nombre effectif de bits ENOB). Par ailleurs, de nouveaux algorithmes de traitement du signal sont proposés dans le cadre de la transmission optique cohérente à haut débit utilisant des formats de modulation bidimensionnels (amplitude et phase) : deux solutions sont proposées pour la compensation du déséquilibre de quadrature IQ dans les transmissions mono-porteuses: une méthode originale de l’estimation du maximum du rapport signal sur bruit ainsi qu’une nouvelle structure de compensation et d’égalisation conjointes; ces deux méthodes sont validées expérimentalement et numériquement avec un signal 16-QAM. Par ailleurs, une solution améliorée de récupération de porteuse (décalage de fréquence et estimation de la phase), basée sur une décomposition harmonique circulaire de la fonction de maximum de vraisemblance logarithmique, est validée numériquement pour la première fois dans le contexte des transmissions optiques (jusqu’à une modulation de 128-QAM). Enfin les outils développés dans ce travail ont finalement permis la démonstration d’une transmission sur 100 km d’un signal QPSK à 10 Gbaud fortement limité par un bruit de phase non linéaire et régénéré optiquement à l’aide d’un limiteur de puissance préservant la phase basé sur une nanocavité de cristal photonique
Bi-dimensional modulation formats based on amplitude and phase signal modulation, are now commonly used in optical communications thanks to breakthroughs in the field of electronic and digital signal processing (DSP) required in coherent optical receivers. Photonic solutions could compensate for nowadays limitations of electrical circuits bandwidth by facilitating the signal processing parallelization. Photonic is particularly interesting for signal sampling thanks to available stable optical clocks. The heart of the present work concerns analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) as a key element in coherent detection. A prototype of linear optical sampling using an original solution for the optical sampling source, is built and validated with the successful equivalent time reconstruction of NRZ, QPSK and 16-QAM signals. Some optical and electrical limitations of the system are experimentally and numerically analyzed, notably the extinction ratio of the optical source or the ADC parameters (bandwidth, integration time, effective number of bits ENOB). Moreover, some new DSPs tools are developed for optical transmission using bi-dimensional modulation formats (amplitude and phase). Two solutions are proposed for IQ quadrature imbalance compensation in single carrier optical coherent transmission: an original method of maximum signal-to-noise ratio estimation (MSEM) and a new structure for joint compensation and equalization; these methods are experimentally and numerically validated with 16-QAM signals. Moreover, an improved solution for carrier recovery (frequency offset and phase estimation) based on a circular harmonic expansion of a maximum loglikelihood function is studied for the first time in the context of optical telecommunications. This solution which can operate with any kind of bi-dimensional modulation format signal is numerically validated up to 128-QAM. All the DSP tools developed in this work are finally used in a demonstration of a 10 Gbaud QPSK 100 km transmission experiment, featuring a strong non-linear phase noise limitation and regenerated using a phase preserving and power limiting function based on a photonic crystal nanocavity

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Picolo, Angelo Antonio. "Natureza e limites do plano de recuperação de empresas: aspectos jurídicos e econômicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2132/tde-18032013-091853/.

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O trabalho tem por objetivo à análise jurídica do plano de recuperação e suas consequências práticas, questionando até que ponto o objetivo de um acordo imposto será alcançado, tendo em vista os diferentes interesses em jogo. A primeira parte é dedicada ao exame das disciplinas da recuperação, traçando um histórico evolutivo deste instrumento a partir da concordata. Neste ponto, são apresentadas as teorias quanto a sua natureza jurídica. A segunda parte, por sua vez, aponta breves considerações de como o direito alienígena disciplina a recuperação. Na terceira parte, o trabalho analisa a recuperação como jogo estratégico, pois existem riscos inerentes a sua execução. Isso porque, do ponto de vista econômico, o plano de recuperação, por ser contrato incompleto, impõe riscos, por portar variáveis não previstas, como por exemplo, a mudança de política econômica ou a crise financeira mundial. Assim sendo, o trabalho analisa as possibilidades de renegociação dos termos do plano, bem como as soluções que podem ser usadas quando da incompletude. Neste sentido, analisa os mecanismos da arbitragem, da governança coorporativa e da cláusula hardship, além dos princípios da boa-fé objetiva, função social do contrato, função social da empresa e teoria da imprevisão. Como a recuperação judicial e extrajudicial representam meios de reestruturação que beneficiam a coletividade de interessados: estando de um lado o devedor que pretende obter prazos para o cumprimento de suas obrigações; de outro lado os credores que visualizam uma forma de obter seus créditos, ainda existem outros (credores) que poderão discordar da proposta. Para sanar esta possibilidade (do credor buscar a solução individual de seus interesses em contraposição àqueles coletivos dos credores) a Lei 11.101/05 criou a modalidade impositiva, na qual se impõe aos dissidentes o acordo dos que aderiram voluntariamente. Por este motivo, há divergências quanto a natureza jurídica do plano de recuperação. Neste sentido, a quarta parte do trabalho traz considerações quanto a natureza jurídica dos planos de recuperação judicial e extrajudicial.
The aim of this work is assess the legal analysis of a judicial recovery plan and its practical consequences, questioning to what extent the objective of an agreement will be reached if come into force, given the different interests at stake. The first part deals with the consideration of the disciplines of recovery, tracing the evolutionary history of this instrument from a point of concordata. At this point, theories as to their legal nature are presented. The second part, in turn, brings brief considerations of how the foreign laws discipline the recovery. In the third part, the paper examines the recovery as a strategic game, since there are risks inherent in its execution. From an economic point of view, these risks arise from an incomplete contract carrying unforeseen variables, for instance, the change in the economic policy as well as the world wide financial crisis. So, the paper analyzes the possibilities of renegotiating the terms of the plan, as well as solutions that can be used when the incompleteness. In this sense, analyzing the mechanisms of arbitration, corporate governance and the hardship clause, in addition to the principles of objective good faith, the contract´s social function, the company\'s social function and theory of unpredictability. As the judicial and extrajudicial´s recovery represents means of restructuring, which benefits the collective of the people involved: on one side the debtor who wishes to obtain deadlines for compliance with its obligations, on the other side creditors who see a way to get their credits back, and also there are others (creditors) who may disagree with the proposal. To address this possibility (the creditor seeking the solution of his individual interests as opposed to those collective interests of creditors) Law 11.101/05 created the imposing form, which is imposed on dissidents, the agreement of those who joined voluntarily. For this reason, there are differences of opinion about the legal nature of the recovery plan. In this sense, the fourth part of the work brings the legal considerations in plans and extra-judicial recovery.

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Bradfield, Frances Louise. "Examination of the thermal properties of municipal solid waste and the scalability of its pyrolysis." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86670.

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Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Concerns surrounding the world’s current dependence on quickly depleting fossil fuels and their negative environmental impacts have brought about much research into renewable and sustainable energy sources. With population and economic growth not only is this dependence increasing but there is an increasing production of waste by society in general. With space becoming a premium commodity and environmental protection a necessity, landfilling of the majority of the world’s waste is no longer feasible. Thus, research is being carried out into waste-to-energy (WTE) processes and refuse derived fuels (RDF). This study focuses on thermochemical conversion, specifically pyrolysis of solid wastes as a means of energy product recovery. Before a specific waste stream can be used in WTE or RDF contexts its composition and degradation behaviour needs to be investigated. For this reason, a full physical characterisation of the municipal solid waste (MSW) from the Stellenbosch municipality was carried out. It was found that the composition of waste differs between areas within the municipality but the composition of the waste in general compares well with international data. It was found that six main components present in the recyclables stream; namely high and low density polyethylene (HD/LDPE), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), glossy paper, office paper and newspaper would be suitable for thermochemical conversion. The thermal properties and pyrolytic degradation of these six components were investigated by multi heating rate thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) from which kinetic parameters (activation energy, pre-exponential factor and kinetic rate constants) were calculated by a differential isoconversional method. The volatiles released during degradation were identified by way of online mass spectrometry (TGA-MS) yielding six individual kinetic schemes. In order to gauge to what extent milligram pyrolytic experimentation (TGA-MS) can be used to predict larger scale pyrolytic behaviour, runs were performed on one plastic (HDPE) and one paper (glossy paper) sample on a gram scale pyrolytic plant under both slow and vacuum conditions. It was found that, especially for high thermal conductivity samples, yields on gram scale experimentation can be accurately predicted on a milligram scale. Further, the compositions of slow pyrolysis oils from glossy paper, obtained by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), were compared to TGA-MS results as well as off gases captured from TGA runs by thermal desorption (TGA/TD-GC-MS). It was found that TGA-MS and TGA/TD-GC-MS can be used to predict the main functional groups in pyrolysis oil produced on a gram scale. Thus small scale experimentation can be used to determine the suitability of different waste components for pyrolytic conversion.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Kommer oor die wêreld se huidige afhanklikheid van fossielbrandstowwe en die negatiewe uitwerking op die omgewing het baie navorsing oor hernubare en volhoubare energie bronne meegebring. Bevolking en ekonomiese groei veroorsaak 'n toename in hierdie afhanklikheid en in die produksie van afval deur die samelewing. Daar is baie min onbenutte grond oop en die beskerming van die omgewing het noodsaaklik geword. Dus is storting van die meeste van die wêreld se afval nie meer ‘n aanvaarbare opsie nie. As gevolg daarvan word daar tans navorsing in afval-tot-energie (ATE) prosesse en afval afgeleide brandstowwe (AAB) gedoen. Hierdie studie fokus op die termochemiese omskakeling van afval, spesifiek pirolise, as 'n methode vir energie-produk hernuwing. Voordat 'n spesifieke afvalstroom gebruik kan word as 'n AAB moet die samestelling en afbrekings gedrag eers ondersoek word. Daarom is 'n volledige fisiese karakterisering van die munisipale afval (MA) van Stellenbosch munisipaliteit uitgevoer. Resultate het getoon dat daar ‘n verskil in die samestelling van afval tussen die gebiede binne die munisipaliteit is. Afgesien daarvan vergelyk die samestelling van die afval in die algemeen goed met internasionale data. Daar is gevind dat daar ses belangrike komponente teenwoordig is in die herwinbare stroom wat geskik sou wees vir termochemiese omskakeling, naamlik; hoë en lae digtheid poliëtileen (HD/LDPE), poli(etileen tereftelaat) (PET), glans, kantoor en koerant papier. Die termiese eienskappe en termiese afbreking van hierdie ses komponente is ondersoek deur middel van multi-verhittimgs tempo termogravimetriese analise (TGA) waaruit kinetiese parameters (aktiveringsenergie, pre-eksponensiële faktor en kinetiese snelheidskonstantes) deur 'n differensiële omskakelings metode bereken is. Die vlugtige komponente wat tydens die afbreking vrygestel is, is geïdentifiseer deur aanlyn-massaspektrometrie (TGA-MS) wat ses individuele kinetiese skemas verskaf. Om vas te stel tot watter mate milligram pirolitiese eksperimente (TGA-MS) gebruik kan word om op ‘n groter skaal die pirolitiese gedrag te kan voorspel, is eksperimentele lopies op een plastiek- (HDPE) en een papier (glans papier) monster op 'n laboratorium skaal pirolise opstelling onder stadige- en vakuum omstandighede uitgevoer. Daar is gevind dat, veral met hoë hitte geleiding komponente, die opbrengs op gram skaal eksperimente akkuraat voorspel kan word op ‘n milligram skaal. Verder was die samestelling van die stadige pirolise olies uit glans papier, wat verkry word deur gaschromatografie-massaspektrometrie (GC-MS), vergelyk met TGA-MS resultate sowel as af-gasse gevang van TGA lopies deur termiese desorpsie (TGA/TD-GC –MS). Daar is gevind dat TGA-MS en TGA/TD-GC-MS gebruik kan word om die belangrikste funksionele groepe in pirolise olie, wat op 'n gram skaal geproduseer word, te voorspel. Dus kan milligram eksperimente gebruik word om die geskiktheid van afval komponente vir pirolitiese omskakeling te bepaal.

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Silva, José Americo Oliveira da. "Uma análise multidisciplinar da preservação da empresa como objetivo da nova lei brasileira de falências e de recuperação de empresas: o caso da recuperação judicial da Shellmar." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2011. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/9162.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Americo Oliveira da Silva.pdf: 506897 bytes, checksum: 178948bd710723df8fb4755b2ded166c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-01
This study has as its objective the analysis of the preservation of the company under a multidisciplinary focus of the legal and economic areas as the main goal of the Bankruptcy and Legal Recovery Law regarding enterprises in Brazil. It presents a case study of a legal recovery in a company named Shellmar, in order to have a better understanding of the changes that took place with the new Brazilian legislation on Bankruptcy especially when it comes to reorganization and restructuring of the companies' trades, having as its target the company's preservation
Este estudo destina-se a analisar, sob o enfoque multidisciplinar das áreas do direito e da economia, a preservação da empresa como objetivo principal da nova Lei de Falências e Recuperação de Empresas do Brasil. Apresenta um estudo de caso da recuperação judicial da empresa Shellmar, para melhor compreensão das mudanças ocorridas na nova legislação brasileira de falências, principalmente no que se refere a reorganização e reestruturação dos negócios, tendo como objetivo a preservação da empresa

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Ahoua, Désiré. "Le nouveau droit de la restructuration des sociétés commerciales des pays de l'OHADA, comparaisons avec le droit français." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0005/document.

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Dans un contexte de mondialisation, les entreprises africaines doivent s'adapter en permanence aux diverses contingences économiques, juridiques ou sociales. Conscient de cette réalité, le législateur africain a mis en place dans le cadre de la reforme de l'OHADA, un arsenal juridique afin de leur permettre de s'acclimater en permanence aux tendances et pressions du marché : le droit de la restructuration qui désigne l’ensemble des techniques conçues par le législateur pour réorganiser l’entreprise. Ces techniques ont eu pour source d’inspiration le droit français des restructurations qui a connu des mutations. La confrontation des deux systèmes de droit permet de constater que si dans les principes fondamentaux les deux systèmes répondent aux mêmes objectifs à savoir assurer la pérennisation des entreprises par la promotion de la croissance de l’entreprise et sa survie lorsqu’elle est le seuil de difficultés diverses, il existe toutefois des différences d’ordre pratique et technique consécutives aux dernières réformes intervenues
In a context of globalization, the african companies have to adapt themselves permanently to economic legal or social contingencies. Conscious of that reality, african legislator set up within the OHADA reform legal measures to allow theme acclimatize to the tendencies and markets pression : the restructuring law which design all the technicals proceedings conceived by the legislator to reorganize the company. Those technicals was inspirated by French law restructuring which has been reorganized. The confrontation of both systems allows to notice that if in the fundamental principles they are the same objectives consisting in substainability of companies for their growth or their survival there are however pratical and technical differences materialized by the recents french reforms

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Milkov, Nikolay. "Waste heat recovery from the exhaust gases of a diesel engine by means of Rankine cycle." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1149/document.

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Cette étude est motivée par la protection de l'environnement et la réduction des émissions de CO2 émis par les moteurs à combustion interne. L'objectif de la thèse est d'étudier les possibilités de la réduction de la consommation de carburant d'un moteur diesel d’automobile grâce à la récupération de la chaleur des gaz d'échappement basée sur un cycle de Rankine. Afin de déterminer l'énergie perdue, le moteur a été testé sur un banc d’essais et les paramètres des gaz d’échappement ont été mesurés. Un modèle de simulation du moteur a également été développé et validé grâce aux résultats expérimentaux. Le potentiel de récupération de chaleur sur les gaz d’échappement et sur le refroidissement a été estimé. Cette analyse a révélé que le potentiel sur les gaz d’échappement est plus élevé que celui sur le refroidissement. Grâce au modèle numérique et aux essais, la puissance et l'efficacité du cycle de Rankine ont été étudiées. Enfin, l'impact du système de récupération d’énergie sur les performances du moteur a été analysé. Les résultats montrent que la puissance du moteur augmente de 4,3% au point de puissance maximale du moteur
This study is motivated by the environment protection and the reduction of emissions CO2 from internal combustion engines. The aim of the thesis is to study the possibilities of fuel consumption reduction of a diesel engine intended for a passenger car by means of waste heat recovery from exhaust gases based on thermodynamic cycle (Rankine cycle). In order to determine the waste heat, the engine was tested on a test bench as the exhaust parameters were measured. A simulation model of the engine has also been developed and validated by means of experimental results. The recovery potential of the exhaust gases and the cooling system has been estimated. This analysis revealed that the waste heat recovery potential of the exhaust gases is higher that the cooling sys-tem. By means of Rankine cycle numerical model and experimental test, the output power and efficiency of the Rankine cycle were studied. Finally, the impact of the heat recovery system on engine performance was studied. The results revealed that the engine power increases by 4.3% at the operating point which corresponds to the maximum engine power
Това изследване е мотивирано от опазването на околната среда и намаляването на емисиите на CO2 от двигателите с вътрешно горене. Целта на дисертацията е да проучи възможнос-тите за намаляване на разхода на гориво на дизелов двигател, предназначен за лек автомо-бил, чрез рекупериране на енергия с цикъл на Ранкин. За да се определи неоползотворената енергия в отработилите газове бе използван изпитателен стенд. Симулационен модел на двигателя е разработен и валидиран чрез експерименталните резултати. Направена е оценка на потенциала за рекупериране на енергия от отработилите газове и охладителната система. Този анализ показва, че потенциала за рекупериране е по-голям в изпускателната система. С помощта на експериментален стенд и числен модел на цикъла на Ранкин са установени мощността и ефективността на системата. Въздействието на системата за рекупериране на енергия е изследвано. Данните показват, че мощността на двигателя се увеличава с до 4,3%

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Ersan, Yusuf Cagatay. "The Effects Of Seed Sludge Type And Anoxic/aerobic Period Sequence On Aerobic Granulation And Cod, N Treatment Performance." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615330/index.pdf.

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The aim of this master thesis study was improvement of the required operational conditions for aerobic granulation in sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). In the first part of the study, membrane bioreactor sludge (MBS) and conventional activated sludge (CAS), were used to investigate the effect of suspended seed sludge type on granulation in SBRs. The MBS granules were found to be advantageous in terms of size, resistance to toxic effects, stability and recovery compared to CAS granules. During non-inhibitory conditions, sCOD removal efficiencies were 70±
13% and 67±
11% for MBS and CAS, and total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiencies were 38±
8% and 26±
8%, respectively. In the second part of the study, the effects of period sequence (anoxic-aerobic and aerobic-anoxic) on aerobic granulation from MBS, and sCOD, N removal efficiencies were investigated. Granules developed in anoxic-aerobic period sequence were more stable and larger (1.8-3.5 mm) than granules developed in aerobic-anoxic sequence. Under steady conditions, almost 95% sCOD, 90% Total Ammonia Nitrogen (TAN) and around 39-47 % of TN removal was achieved. Almost 100% denitrification in anoxic period was achieved in anoxic-aerobic period sequence and it was observed around 40% in aerobic-anoxic period sequence. The effects of influent sulfate (from 35.1 mg/L to 70.2 mg/L) on treatment efficiencies of aerobic granules were also investigated. The influent SO42- concentrations of 52.6 mg/L to 70.2 mg/L promoted sulfate reduction. The produced sulfide (0.24 mg/L to 0.62 mg/L) inhibited the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) performance by 10 to 50%.

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Piza, Sofia Ramos de Toledo. "Estudo das empresas concordatárias e alterações no sistema falimentar brasileiro." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/2287.

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Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:51:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-04-13T00:00:00Z
Analysis and, criticism of the proposed changes in Brazilian bankruptcy legislation based on an empiric study of Brazilian companies under debt rehabilitation (concordata) proceedings during the period from 1992 to 2002. Identification of the main features of the companies that petitioned for concordata (mainly in relation to their profitability) and moreover, identify the companies that were able to recover, using them as a basis to substantiate critical analysis of the bill for the new bankruptcy legislation, and presentation of suggestions to increase the recovery rates of companies facing financial difficulties. Comparison of the proposed changes with the current United States Law (Chapter 11), which is known to be more efficient in the recovery of companies in financial straits.
Análise e crítica das alterações propostas à legislação falimentar brasileira tendo como base o estudo empírico de empresas brasileiras que entraram em concordata no período de 1992 a 2002. Identificação das principais características das empresas que pedem concordata (principalmente quanto a sua lucratividade) e também das empresas que conseguem se recuperar e uso das mesmas como base para uma análise crítica do projeto da nova legislação falimentar, bem como apresentação de sugestões que visem aumentar as taxas de recuperação de empresas em dificuldades financeiras. Comparação das alterações propostas com a legislação norte americana atual (Chapter 11), que é reconhecidamente mais eficiente na recuperação de empresas em dificuldades.

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Daragon, Guillaume. "Etude des voies de valorisation de la vinasse par combustion en mélange avec des biomasses." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MULH7972.

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L’industrie, quel que soit son domaine d’activité, produit une quantité importante d’effluents chargés, couramment appelés coproduits. La gestion et le traitement de ces eaux usées sont aujourd’hui strictement encadrés car leurs propriétés physiques et leurs compositions chimiques interdisent leurs rejets directs vers le milieu naturel. Cependant, la présence en forte concentration de certains éléments valorisables tels que les sels minéraux ou des composés organiques dans certains de ces effluents, leurs confèrent alors de nouvelles propriétés qui trouvent échos dans diverses applications (fertilisation des sols, alimentation animale, méthanisation, co-compostage, etc.). Le carbone étant le constituant majoritaire de tout combustible, une valorisation thermique par combustion en chaudière biomasse des effluents organiques semble être une alternative envisageable. L’objet de cette thèse est l’étude de cette voie de valorisation énergétique et de la faisabilité de cette application. Du fait de leur état liquide, les effluents seuls sont de mauvais combustibles comparés aux biomasses standards (plaquettes forestières, paille, etc.). Les travaux de recherche se concentrent donc sur l’étude et la caractérisation de biomasses en tant que support d’imprégnation, puis sur la formulation d’un co-combustible homogène imprégné d’un effluent organique industriel. Les biomasses sont en effet connues dans la littérature pour avoir des propriétés d’adsorption et d’absorption intéressantes. Une étude paramétrique à l’échelle du laboratoire a été menée afin de quantifier la capacité d’imprégnation et la sélectivité de différents types de biomasse vis-à-vis de l’effluent choisi. Le but était également de déterminer les paramètres qui influençaient l’imprégnation afin de modéliser les phénomènes. Suite à cela, des essais à l’échelle pilote sur une installation de combustion de 40 kW ont été effectués en vue de vérifier la conformité des combustibles imprégnés en termes d’émissions à la cheminée et dans l’optique de préparer le changement d’échelle pour une potentielle application industrielle
Important amounts of organic effluents, also called wastewaters or byproducts, are produced whatever the type of industry which is considered. Nowadays, the wastewaters management and treatment are strictly controlled since the physical properties and the chemical composition of these byproducts disallow the direct reject through natural media. However, the presence of some specific compounds confers to effluents new advantages and opens the door to several applications (such as soil fertilization, cattle feed, methanization, co-composting, etc.). Carbon being the main component of every fuel, the thermal valorization of these organic effluents by combustion in a standard biomass boiler seems to be possible. The study of this recovery method and its feasibility are the subjects of the thesis here. Due to their liquid state, effluents alone cannot be considered as fuels compared to standard biomass (woodchips, straw, etc.). Therefore research works are focused on study and characterization of biomasses as impregnation base, then formulation of fuels impregnated with an industrial organic effluent. Indeed, the adsorptive and absorptive properties of biomasses are well-known in the literature. A parametric study at laboratory scale was carried out in order to quantify the impregnation capacity of different types of biomass regarding the effluent. The main goal was also to highlight the parameters which influence the impregnation in order to modeling the phenomenon. Then impregnation and combustion tests were performed at pilot scale using a biomass boiler of 40 kW to ensure the conformity of impregnated fuels in terms of stack emissions. This part of the work was conducted with the perspective of preparing the process scale-up for a potential industrial utilization

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Queirolo, Paola Cantarini. "Direito comercial à luz da doutrina do capitalismo humanista e do princípio constitucional da proporcionalidade." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6095.

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This dissertation was developed with a focus on fundamental rights, the principle of proportionality, philosophy and philosophy of law, to obtain a perspective of humanization of commercial law, allowing for debate and reflection on the design of the new Brazilian Commercial Code through an analysis Legal of socio-economic, developed within the framework of capitalism humanist doctrine. First dealt with the search for a new interpretation of the law, considering its fictional nature, while a product before they will desire, as well as his character autopoietic, postulating a necessary and indissoluble link him with the philosophy and the arts, highlighting what would be the most political among them, since its birth, namely the theater. Thus, we sought a new look in this new interpretation, more sensitive and reflective, launched on commercial law, which would be more closely coupled with humanism and human dignity, right to human rights of otherness, via principle proportionality. This is making the attempt, however difficult that presents itself, for it considers absolutely necessary to reconcile the individualistic and self-centered capitalism with a new humanism, still in gestation, "antropophiliac" to initiate it with him, Also, a new capitalism, humanistic, based on brotherhood, solidarity and human dignity. For the last, it is the analysis of the relationship between the principle of proportionality and human dignity in order to better cope with further questions, crucial, resulting from collisions between fundamental rights and / or fundamental principles, so as to preserve the essence fundamental right of all and the very democratic state, precisely, human dignity, which looms as what's more important to be preserved, preserving us. In a second step, we analyze the issue of flexibility of labor law (working conditions), indicating, in this aspect, the unconstitutionality of the current Bankruptcy and Corporate Restructuring (Law No. 11.101/05) and also Project Brazilian Commercial Code (PL No. 1572/2011), via the principle of proportionality, as understood through unremovable realization of human dignity and democratic state
A presente dissertação de mestrado foi desenvolvida com foco nos direitos fundamentais, princípio da proporcionalidade, filosofia e filosofia do direito, visando alcançar uma perspectiva de humanização do direito comercial, ensejando o debate e a reflexão acerca do Projeto do novo Código Comercial Brasileiro através de uma análise jurídica de cunho sócioeconômico, desenvolvida no marco da doutrina do capitalismo humanista. Primeiramente tratou-se da busca por nova interpretação do direito, considerando sua natureza ficcional, enquanto um produto antes do desejo que da vontade, assim como o seu caráter autopoiético, postulando uma necessária e indissolúvel vinculação dele com a filosofia e com as artes, destacando-se aquela que seria a mais política dentre elas, desde seu nascedouro, a saber, o teatro. Destarte, buscou-se um novo olhar nessa nova interpretação, mais sensível e reflexiva, lançado sobre o direito comercial, o qual passaria a ser conjugado mais estreitamente com o humanismo e com a dignidade humana, logo com os direitos humanos da alteridade, via princípio da proporcionalidade. Trata-se de fazer a tentativa, por mais difícil que se apresente, por considera-la absolutamente necessária, de se conciliar o capitalismo individualista e egocêntrico com um novo humanismo, ainda em gestação, antropofilíaco , para que se instaure com ele, também, um novo capitalismo, humanista, com fundamento na fraternidade, na solidariedade e na dignidade humana. Por derradeiro, faz-se a análise da relação entre o princípio da proporcionalidade e a dignidade humana, visando posteriormente o melhor enfrentamento das questões, cruciais, resultantes de colisões entre direitos fundamentais e/ou princípios fundamentais, a fim de que se preserve o conteúdo essencial de todo direito fundamental e do próprio Estado Democrático de Direito, precisamente, a dignidade humana, que avulta como o que há de mais importante a ser preservado, preservando-nos. Em um segundo momento, é analisada a questão da flexibilização do direito do trabalho (das condições de trabalho), apontando, neste aspecto, as inconstitucionalidades da atual Lei de Falências e Recuperação de Empresas (Lei nº 11.101/05) e também do Projeto de Código Comercial Brasileiro (PL nº 1572/2011), via princípio da proporcionalidade, entendido como meio inafastável de realização da dignidade humana e do Estado Democrático de Direito

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Gomes, Bruno Yohan Souza. "Ativismo judicial no processo de recuperação judicial: uma nova concordata?" reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/18400.

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With the advent of Law No. 11.101/2005, the institute of judicial recovery of companies was created, replacing the institute in force until then, the law of bankruptcy. Important differences mark the institutes, the most relevant is the power of creditors to decide about the major issues of the company in recovery, among which, the own company recovery. Clearly the decision power migrated from Judiciary (law of bankruptcy) to creditors (judicial recovery), being allowed to the first to intervene only in the specific situation of the cram down. However, in practice many judges have intervened in the judicial recovery process, with support in different arguments, which has affected the essence of recovery institute that is exactly the power of creditors in the company in crisis. This is the main point that will be discussed in the course of this work.
Com o advento da Lei nº 11.101/2005, criou-se o instituto da recuperação judicial das empresas, substituindo assim o instituto que até então vigorava, a concordata. Diferenças importantes marcam os institutos, sendo a mais relevante delas o poder dos credores de decidir as principais questões relacionadas à empresa em recuperação, dentre as quais, a própria recuperação da empresa. Claramente o eixo decisório migrou do Poder Judiciário (concordata) para os credores (recuperação judicial), restando ao primeiro a permissão legal para intervir no processo apenas na situação especifica do cram down. No entanto, a prática mostra que muitos juízes têm intervindo nos processos de recuperação judicial, com amparo nos mais diversos argumentos, o que tem afetado a essência do instituto da recuperação, que está, fundamentalmente, no poder dos credores na recuperação da empresa em crise. É exatamente este o ponto que será analisado no decorrer do presente trabalho.

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Letaief, Aziza. "Essais sur le processus de défaillance des entreprises en Tunisie : déterminants, recouvrements et spécificités institutionnelles." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAB021/document.

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Cette thèse porte sur le processus de défaillance des entreprises en Tunisie. L’objectif est d’étudier le sujet d’un point de vue, à la fois, macroéconomique, microéconomique et juridique. Le travail est précédé d’une revue de la littérature axée sur les principaux intervenants dans le processus de faillite : les débiteurs, les créanciers et la législation en matière de faillite.La première partie propose une synthèse des résultats de nombreux travaux de recherche se rapportant, d’une part, aux différentes stratégies fixées par les débiteurs et les créanciers en vue de protéger leurs propres intérêts et d’autre part, à l’efficacité des procédures collectives dans la prévention des éventuelles utilisations opportunistes de la loi. Dans un second temps, la thèse traite le sujet d’un point de vue macroéconomique en cherchant à déterminer l’effet des fluctuations macroéconomiques sur le taux de défaillance en Tunisie sur la période allant de 1997 à 2010. Des variables spécifiques au cas tunisien et exprimant au mieux l’importance des secteurs de l’industrie et du tourisme dans l’économie tunisienne ont été considérées dans le modèle en plus des variables communément utilisées dans la littérature et qui ont prouvé leur rôle relativement significatif dans l’explication des taux de défaillance.La troisième partie de la thèse se concentre sur le niveau d’efficacité des procédures collectives tunisiennes dans la résolution du problème de défaut de paiement. Son efficacité est étudiée de point de vue : i) création de valeur et ce en termes de recouvrement total des créanciers à travers la maximisation de la valeur de l’entreprise défaillante, et ii) recouvrement des créanciers sécurisés. L’intérêt particulier porté sur la classe des créanciers sécurisés (notamment les banques) est justifié par l’importance du secteur bancaire dans le financement des entreprises en Tunisie et par conséquent dans le développement de l’économie tunisienne.La dernière partie de la thèse propose une analyse approfondie de la loi de faillite tunisienne dans le cadre d’une étude comparative avec 18 autres pays européens et non européens.A travers une approche « Law and Finance », dix indices juridiques ont été construits pour « mesurer » dix fonctions de Droit de faillite. Ensuite, des analyses univariée et multivariée ont été menées pour dégager les points de similarité ou de disparité entre les différentes lois de faillite
This thesis focuses on the Tunisian bankruptcy process. The objective is to treat the subject from a macroeconomic, microeconomic and legal point of view. The work is preceded by a literature review focused on the main actors in the bankruptcy process: debtors, creditors and bankruptcy law. The first part provides a summary of many research results relating on the one hand, to the different strategies set by debtors and creditors to protect their own interests and on the other hand to the effectiveness of the procedures in preventing any opportunistic uses of the law. In the second part, we seek to determine the effect of macroeconomic fluctuations on the failure rate of businesses in Tunisia over the period 1997-2010. The selected variables are those that have been frequently used in the literature and that showed their significant impact onto the rate of corporate failure. Other original variables, more specific to the Tunisian case were considered to account for the importance of industry and tourism sectors in the Tunisian economy. The third part of this thesis focuses on the efficiency of bankruptcy procedures in Tunisia, a country characterized by the importance of its banking sector. We gathered original and unique information on Tunisian firms that went bankrupt between 1995-2009. We find that the Tunisian reorganization procedures are able to generate substantial recoveries, but those are mainly captured by the preferential claims (employees and public claims). This is coherent with the authorities’ willingness to improve social protection, but this raises concerns as the Tunisian firms are mainly financed by bankers. Our analysis shows that the secured creditors are poorly protected under bankruptcy: they rank almost last in the priority order of repayment, and their recovery rate is similar to one of the unsecured creditors. We also find that the rather high level of recovery rate is mainly attributable to the reorganization procedures. We finally find that the court’s choice between reorganization and liquidation is not influenced by the structure of claims. Thus, in Tunisia, the creditors are losing hand once bankruptcy is triggered.To better understand the characteristics of Tunisian bankruptcy procedures, the last part of the thesis offers a comparative study of Tunisian bankruptcy law with 18 other European and non-European countries. Ten legal indexes were constructed through "Law and Finance" approach to "measure" ten functions of bankruptcy law.Univariate and multivariate analyzes were conducted to identify the similarity or disparity points between the various bankruptcy laws

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Filardi, Rosemarie Adalardo. "Órgãos específicos da administração da falência e da recuperação judicial das empresas." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2008. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/8179.

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The present work has as its aim to study in details the three agencies created especially for the bankruptcy administration and the judicial recovery of companies in Brazil: the Creditors Committee, the Judicial Administrator and the Creditors Meeting. The current Brazilian law on bankruptcy and recovery of companies - law 11,101/05 - altered substantially the functions and the form of action of the agencies analyzed in this study, aiming at a bigger participation of creditors in the corresponding proceedings and introducing in the system the judicial recovery of companies which allows that viable companies facing economic-financial difficulties may be able to reorganize themselves and guarantee their continuity in the market, taking into account their importance in modern society. On the other hand, once some activity is considered unfeasible, the company must be cured. The objectives guiding the judicial recovery of companies are provided for in article 47 of the mentioned law and have the specific purpose of preserving the company, encouraging the economic activity and the promotion of its social function. In this way, we tried to demonstrate with this work that the joint action of all agencies connected to the bankruptcy administration will enable to achieve the principle substantiating the new Brazilian bankruptcy regime: the principle of preservation of the companies
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo estudar, pormenorizadamente, os três órgãos criados especialmente para atuar na administração da falência e na recuperação judicial das empresas no Brasil: o Comitê de Credores, o Administrador Judicial e a Assembléia de Credores. A atual lei brasileira de falências e recuperação de empresas lei 11.101/05 alterou substancialmente as funções e a forma de atuação dos órgãos objeto deste estudo, buscando maior participação dos credores nos referidos processos e inserindo no sistema o instituto da recuperação judicial das empresas, que visa permitir que empresas viáveis, porém com dificuldades econômico-financeiras, possam se reerguer e garantir sua continuidade no mercado, tendo em vista a importância que elas representam na sociedade moderna. Por outro lado, verificada a inviabilidade da atividade, deve ser a empresa saneada. Os objetivos que norteiam a recuperação judicial das empresas encontram-se previstos no artigo 47 da citada lei e visam, precipuamente, a preservação da empresa, o estímulo à atividade econômica e a promoção de sua função social. Desta forma, pretendeu-se demonstrar, com este trabalho, que a atuação conjunta de todos os órgãos da administração da falência possibilitará alcançar o princípio que fundamenta o novo regime concursal brasileiro: o princípio da preservação das empresas

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PIADEHBASMENJ, AMIRALI. "ENTREPRENEURIAL VENTURE FAILURE EXPERIENCES : AN ANALYSIS INTO CAUSES, COSTS, ANDOUTCOMES OF VENTURE FAILURE." Thesis, KTH, Industriell Marknadsföring och Entreprenörskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-199194.

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Forskning om entreprenörskap fokuserar på framgång som ignorerar den höga felfrekvensen av Nya företag. Många nya företag misslyckas så hur entreprenörer hantera det när deras företag misslyckas? Framgångsrika entreprenörer prisar fördelarna med misslyckande som en värdefull lärare. Resultatet av misslyckande regelbundet fylld med ekonomiska, sociala, psykologiska och fysiska hälsoproblem. Syftet med denna forskning är att bedöma företagets misslyckande upplevelser för företagare, från det ögonblick resultatet genom att återhämtningen för att hantera företagande fel och avsluta för påverkan av den slutna företag. I denna forskning aspekter av livet som påverka av entreprenörs fel undersöka ekonomiskt, socialt och psykologiskt att belysa faktorer som kan påverka mängden av kostnaderna för ett misslyckande. Därefter beskriver forskningen hur entreprenörer lära av misslyckanden. Den presenterar på resultaten av företagets misslyckande, inklusive hantera fel och återhämtning tillsammans med kognitiva och beteendemässiga utfall.
Research on entrepreneurship focuses on success which ignores the high failure rate of new ventures. Many new ventures fail so how entrepreneurs deal with it when their venture fails? Successful entrepreneurs praising the advantages of failure as a valuable teacher. The result of failure is regularly filled with economic, social, psychological, and physical health disorder. The aim of this research is to assessment venture failure experiences for entrepreneurs, from the instant result through to recovery for coping with entrepreneurial failure and exit for impact of the closed venture. In this research, aspects of life affected by entrepreneurial failure examine economically, socially and psychologically in highlighting factors that may influence the amount of costs of failure. Next, the research describes how entrepreneurs learn from failure. It presents on the outcomes of venture failure, including coping with failure and recovery together with cognitive and behavioral outcomes. The main objective of the research study is to understand the failure from entrepreneurs who have experienced it and also to make a theoretical framework of failure based on entrepreneurial venture failure experiences. Every entrepreneur starts up a venture with high expectations of achieving success. Failure can be emotionally disturbing, devastating, painful, distressing and costly for the entrepreneur who may have to aspect the stigma of failure and the loss of reputation. The entrepreneur can get involved in grief, heartache, anxiety, depression, shame, rejection and discouragement (Politis & Gabrielsson, 2009). The purpose of the research is to investigate how entrepreneurs realize and react to venture failure. Moreover, entrepreneurs are looking for positive aspects of failure as enhancing experiences that help their coping with entrepreneurial failure, learning from failure, the willingness to begin a new venture and also trigger changes in upcoming decision-making. The purpose of the research is to take a view of the existed experience of failure, taking into consideration impact from the entrepreneurship.

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Couturier, Gaël. "Droit des sociétés et droit des entreprises en difficulté." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30088.

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Appelés à s’appliquer concurremment pour traiter les difficultés d’une société, il est classiquement considéré que les relations entre le droit des sociétés et le droit des entreprises en difficulté se résument à des conflits pouvant être résolus en faisant prévaloir le « droit spécial » des procédures collectives sur le « droit commun » des sociétés. Cette analyse a perdu de sa pertinence en raison de la mutation du droit des faillites en droit des entreprises en difficulté dont la finalité, le contenu, et le domaine d’application ont profondément changé, ainsi qu’en raison de la contractualisation des deux matières. Ces évolutions ont induit une appréhension nouvelle de celles-ci. Sont en effet recherchées, tant par les sociétés en difficulté que par leurs créanciers, les potentialités de l’association du droit des sociétés et du droit des entreprises en difficulté pour organiser le rebond d’une société défaillante. Leurs relations en droit positif s’avèrent ainsi plus subtiles et plus complexes. Une synergie existe entre elles lors du règlement à l’amiable des difficultés, tandis qu’une véritable soumission du droit des sociétés au droit des entreprises en difficulté peut être constatée lors du règlement judiciaire des difficultés. Malgré des origines distinctes, des finalités propres, et des fonctions radicalement opposées, une logique anime les relations des deux matières révélant un corpus légal et jurisprudentiel utilisé pour le règlement des difficultés qui témoigne de l’existence d’un droit des sociétés en difficulté
It is commonly understood that, when considering ailing companies, the conflicts that arise between concurrently applicable corporate law and insolvency law can be solved with “special law” that prevails over “ordinary law”. This understanding has lost some relevance through the transformation of “bankruptcy law” into “distressed business law”. The trend towards the use of explicit contracts in these fields is bringing about a change in their finality, content and scope. This evolution of corporate law and insolvency law is creating new apprehension on the part of both the distressed company and the creditors, with the result that both parties are looking for means to combine these subjects when organising the recovery of an ailing firm. Their coexistence in substantive law turns out to be even more subtle and complex. In the case of an amicable settlement of a dispute, a synergy exists between corporate law and insolvency law whereas when a settlement is imposed under court supervision, the prevalence of insolvency law over corporate law is notable. Despite distinct origins, differing finality and radically opposing functions, a common logic motivates the relation between corporate law and insolvency law revealing a legal corpus and case law as a testament to the existence of an “ailing company law”

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Nosjean, Nicolas. "Management et intégration des risques et incertitudes pour le calcul de volumes de roches et de fluides au sein d’un réservoir, zoom sur quelques techniques clés d’exploration Integrated Post-stack Acoustic Inversion Case Study to Enhance Geological Model Description of Upper Ordovicien Statics : from imaging to interpretation pitfalls and an efficient way to overcome them Improving Upper Ordovician reservoir characterization - an Algerian case study Tracking Fracture Corridors in Tight Gas Reservoirs : An Algerian Case Study Integrated sedimentological case study of glacial Ordovician reservoirs in the Illizi Basin, Algeria A Case Study of a New Time-Depth Conversion Workflow Designed for Optimizing Recovery Proper Systemic Knowledge of Reservoir Volume Uncertainties in Depth Conversion Integration of Fault Location Uncertainty in Time to Depth Conversion Emergence of edge scenarios in uncertainty studies for reservoir trap analysis Enhancing geological model with the use of Spectral Decomposition - A case study of a prolific stratigraphic play in North Viking Graben, Norway Fracture corridor identification through 3D multifocusing to improve well deliverability, an Algerian tight reservoir case study Geological Probability Of Success Assessment for Amplitude-Driven Prospects, A Nile Delta Case Study." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS085.

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En tant que géoscientifique dans le domaine de l’Exploration pétrolière et gazière depuis une vingtaine d’années, mes fonctions professionnelles m’ont permis d’effectuer différents travaux de recherche sur la thématique de la gestion des risques et des incertitudes. Ces travaux de recherche se situent sur l’ensemble de la chaîne d’analyse Exploration, traitant de problématiques liées à l’acquisition et au traitement sismique, jusqu’au placement optimal de forages d’exploration. Un volet plus poussé de mes travaux s’est orienté sur la gestion des incertitudes géophysiques en Exploration pétrolière, là où l’incertitude est la plus importante et paradoxalement la moins travaillée.On peut regrouper mes travaux de recherche en trois grands domaines qui suivent les grandes étapes du processus Exploration : le traitement sismique, leur interprétation, et enfin l'analyse et l'extraction des différentes incertitudes qui vont nous permettre de calculer les volumes d’hydrocarbures en place et récupérables, ainsi que l’analyse de ses risques associés. L’ensemble des travaux de recherche ont été appliqués avec succès sur des cas d’études opérationnelles. Après avoir introduit quelques notions générales et détaillé les grandes étapes du processus Exploration et leur lien direct avec ces problématiques, je présenterai quatre grands projets de recherche sur un cas d’étude algérien
In the last 20 years, I have been conducting various research projects focused on the management of risks and uncertainties in the petroleum exploration domain. The various research projects detailed in this thesis are dealing with problematics located throughout the whole Exploration and Production chain, from seismic acquisition and processing, until the optimal exploration to development wells placement. Focus is made on geophysical risks and uncertainties, where these problematics are the most pronounced and paradoxically the less worked in the industry. We can subdivide my research projects into tree main axes, which are following the hydrocarbon exploration process, namely: seismic processing, seismic interpretation thanks to the integration with various well informations, and eventually the analysis and extraction of key uncertainties, which will be the basis for the optimal calculation of in place and recoverable volumes, in addition to the associated risk analysis on a given target structure. The various research projects that are detailed in this thesis have been applied successfully on operational North Africa and North Sea projects. After introducing risks and uncertainty notions, we will detail the exploration process and the key links with these issues. I will then present four major research projects with their theoretical aspects and applied case study on an Algerian asset

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42

Piadehbasmenj, Amirali. "Entrepreneurial Venture Failure Experiences : An analysis into causes, costs, and outcomes of venture failure." Thesis, KTH, Entreprenörskap och Innovation, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-202587.

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Research on entrepreneurship focuses on success which ignores the high failure rate of new ventures. Many new ventures fail so how entrepreneurs deal with it when their venture fails? Successful entrepreneurs praising the advantages of failure as a valuable teacher. The result of failure is regularly filled with economic, social, psychological, and physical health disorder. The aim of this research is to assessment venture failure experiences for entrepreneurs, from the instant result through to recovery for coping with entrepreneurial failure and exit for impact of the closed venture. In this research, aspects of life affected by entrepreneurial failure examine economically, socially and psychologically in highlighting factors that may influence the amount of costs of failure. Next, the research describes how entrepreneurs learn from failure. It presents on the outcomes of venture failure, including coping with failure and recovery together with cognitive and behavioral outcomes. The main objective of the research study is to understand the failure from entrepreneurs who have experienced it and also to make a theoretical framework of failure based on entrepreneurial venture failure experiences. Every entrepreneur starts up a venture with high expectations of achieving success. Failure can be emotionally disturbing, devastating, painful, distressing and costly for the entrepreneur who may have to aspect the stigma of failure and the loss of reputation. The entrepreneur can get involved in grief, heartache, anxiety, depression, shame, rejection and discouragement (Politis & Gabrielsson, 2009). The purpose of the research is to investigate how entrepreneurs realize and react to venture failure. Moreover, entrepreneurs are looking for positive aspects of failure as enhancing experiences that help their coping with entrepreneurial failure, learning from failure, the willingness to begin a new venture and also trigger changes in upcoming decision-making. The purpose of the research is to take a view of the existed experience of failure, taking into consideration impact from the entrepreneurship.
Forskning om entreprenörskap fokuserar på framgång som ignorerar den höga felfrekvensen av nya företag. Många nya företag misslyckas så hur entreprenörer hantera det när deras företag misslyckas? Framgångsrika entreprenörer prisar fördelarna med misslyckande som en värdefull lärare. Resultatet av misslyckande regelbundet fylld med ekonomiska, sociala, psykologiska och fysiska hälsoproblem. Syftet med denna forskning är att bedöma företagets misslyckande upplevelser för företagare, från det ögonblick resultatet genom att återhämtningen för att hantera företagande fel och avsluta för påverkan av den slutna företag. I denna forskning aspekter av livet som påverkas av entreprenörs fel undersöka ekonomiskt, socialt och psykologiskt att belysa faktorer som kan påverka mängden av kostnaderna för ett misslyckande. Därefter beskriver forskningen hur entreprenörer lära av misslyckanden. Den presenterar på resultaten av företagets misslyckande, inklusive hantera fel och återhämtning tillsammans med kognitiva och beteendemässiga utfall.

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43

Chen, Pei-ting, and 陳佩廷. "On the Energy Recovery of Power Conversion." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43818631224992700098.

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碩士
義守大學
電機工程學系
90
A high efficiency DC-AC inverter with divided choke snubbers[1] and LD snubbers[2-3] is proposed in this paper. By using the snubbers in this inverter, the voltage surge can be effectively suppressed and the energy stored in the snubbers will be recovered to the load or the dc input. Furthermore, with divided choke snubber, the arm short-circuit can be avoided, wherein the dead time of the drive signal will not be needed. For the proposed inverter with 400W output, 97.5%, the maximum efficiency can be obtained, at 2.7A, 110V output. Since the good performance of this DC-AC inverter was verified by experiment and analysis, the practical use of this circuit configuration will be achieved.

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Kuo, Chia-Hsien, and 郭佳憲. "The Dynamic Analysis of Implied Default Probabilities and Recovery Ratios: A Case Study of Lehman Brothers Bankruptcy." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67043590756203831148.

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碩士
國立高雄第一科技大學
金融理財研究所
97
In this paper, dynamic analysis approach is applied to study the variation of implied default probabilities and recovery ratios in risk neutral way when Lehman Brothers declare bankruptcy from the period of 2007-2008 as the breakpoint. Based on the reduce-form model of modified by Andritzky (2005) , this approach divides bonds of Lehman Brothers into four groups classified by different priority claims and assumes that the recovery ratios are exogenous and endogenous respectively for study restrictions in order to compare the difference of implied default probabilities and recovery ratios under different conditions. The empirical results show that transitions of parameters in model matching the credit events aroused by Lehman Brothers allow the period analysis into four levels. The bonds with lower priority claims change the default probabilities larger in early times; the long-term cumulative default probabilities have effects of parameters in model with significance than the short-term. Under the assumption of endogenous recovery ratios, the default probabilities fluctuates obviously than exogeneity and the theoretical value of the model is closer to market value. The expected recovery ratios are above 80% in the initial period to an average of 10% after default.

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45

Oralli, Emre. "Conversion of a scroll compressor to an expander for organic Rankine cycle: modeling and analysis." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10155/142.

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46

Shi, Yonghui. "Utilization of sulfur dioxide in organic acids recovery and sulfur trioxide conversion with iron oxide as catalyst /." 2006.

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47

Teiseh, Eliasu 1973. "Conversion of MixAlco Process Sludge to Liquid Transportation Fuels." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149219.

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About 8 tons of dry undigested solid waste is generated by the MixAlco process for every 40 tons of food residue waste fed into the process. This MixAlco process produces liquid fuels and the sludge generated can be further converted into synthesis gas using the process of pyrolysis. The hydrogen component of the product synthesis gas may be separated by pressure swing adsorption and used in the hydrogenation of ketones into fuels and chemicals. The synthesis gas may also be catalytically converted into liquid fuels via the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process. The auger-type pyrolyzer was operated at a temperature between 630-770 degrees C and at feed rates in the range of 280-374 g/minute. The response surface statistical method was used to obtain the highest syngas composition of 43.9 +/- 3.36 v % H2/33.3 +/- 3.29 v % CO at 740 degrees C. The CH4 concentration was 20.3 +/- 2.99 v %. For every ton of sludge pyrolyzed, 5,990 g H2 (719.3 MJ), 65,000 g CO (660 MJ) and 21,170 g CH4 (1055.4 MJ) were projected to be produced at optimum condition. At all temperatures, the sum of the energies of the products was greater than the electrical energy needed to sustain the process, making it energy neutral. To generate internal H2 for the MixAlco process, a method was developed to efficiently separate H2 using pressure swing adsorption (PSA) from the synthesis gas, with activated carbon and molecular sieve 5A as adsorbents. The H2 can be used to hydrogenate ketones generated from the MixAlco process to more liquid fuels. Breakthrough curves, cycle mass balances and cycle bed productivities (CBP) were used to determine the maximum hydrogen CBP using different adsorbent amounts at a synthesis gas feed rate of 10 standard lpm and pressure of 118 atm. A 99.9 % H2 purity was obtained. After a maximum CBP of 66 % was obtained further increases in % recovery led to a decrease in CBP. The synthesis gas can also be catalytically converted into liquid fuels by the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) process. A Co-SiO2/Mo-Pd-Pt-ZSM-5 catalyst with a metal-metal-acid functionality was synthesized with the aim of increasing the selectivity of JP-8 (C10-C17) fuel range. The specific surface areas of the two catalysts were characterized using the BET technique. The electron probe microanalyzer (with WDS and EDS capabilities) was then used to confirm the presence of the applied metals Co, Mo, Pd and Pt on the respective supports. In addition to the gasoline (C4-C12) also produced, the synthesis gas H2:CO ratio was also adjusted to 1.90 for optimum cobalt performance in an enhanced FTS process. At 10 atm (150 psig) and 250 degrees C, the conventional FTS catalyst Co-SiO2 produced fuels rich in hydrocarbons within the gasoline carbon number range. At the same conditions the Co-SiO2-Mo-Pd-Pt/HZSM-5 catalyst increased the selectivity of JP-8. When Co-SiO2/Mo-Pd-Pt-HZSM-5 was used at 13.6 atm (200 psig) and 250 degrees C, a further increase in the selectivity of JP-8 and to some extent diesel was observed. The relative amounts of olefins and n-paraffins decreased with the products distribution shifting more towards the production of isomers.

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48

Loubser, Anneli. "Some comparative aspects of corporate rescue in South African company law." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3575.

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South African company law has provided for the rescue of financially distressed companies since 1926 when the statutory procedure of judicial management was introduced by the Companies Act 46 of 1926. Unfortunately, judicial management has never been regarded as a successful corporate rescue procedure and for most of its existence it has been severely criticised on many grounds. The Companies Act 61 of 1973 that replaced the Companies Act 46 of 1926 did very little to improve this situation and judicial management remained underutilised. As a result, the Companies Act 71 of 2008 now introduces two newly-created corporate rescue procedures in the form of business rescue proceedings and the compromise with creditors. This study analyses judicial management and the new corporate rescue procedures to establish whether the identified weaknesses of judicial management have been adequately and effectively addressed in the new procedures. A comparative study with similar procedures in England and Germany is undertaken to determine whether the South African legislature has delivered on its promise to create a system of corporate rescue that will meet the needs of a modern South African economy. Several weaknesses in the new procedures are identified and a number of recommendations are made to improve the relevant provisions and to assist in providing South African company law with an efficient and acceptable corporate rescue regime.
Mercentile Law
LLD (Mercentile Law)

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49

(7518488), Michael D. Ozeh. "Design And Fabrication Of A Hybrid Nanoparticle-Wick Heat Sink Structure For Thermoelectric Generators In Low-Grade Heat Utilization.pdf." Thesis, 2019.

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Waste heat recovery is a multi-billion-dollar industry with a compound annual growth rate of 8.8% assessed between 2016 to 2024 and low-grade waste heat (< 230^oC ± 20^oC) makes up 66% of this ubiquitous resource. Thermoelectric generators are preferred for the recovery process because they are cheap and are well suited for this temperature range. They generate power by converting thermal potential to electric potential, known as the Seebeck effect. Since they have no moving parts, they are inherently immune to mechanical failure or an intermittent need for maintenance. However, the challenge has been to effectively harvest waste heat with these modules to generate power, using passive processes. This work is focused on designing a device for optimized harvesting of waste energy from the ambient with a custom, evaporatively-cooled heat sink. This heat sink is designed to passively handle the cooling of the other side of the thermoelectric module so as to enable the attainment of a minimum of 5V, which is the minimum voltage required to power small mobile devices. The heat sink model is similar to a loop heat pipe but engineered for compactness. To ensure this level of efficacy is attained, several studies are made to optimize the wick. Non-metal wicks were considered as they do not contribute to an increase in temperature of the compensation chamber in loop heat pipes. A non-metal wick integrated with nanoparticles is tested and results show a clear thermal management enhancement over similar but virgin non-metal wicks, at over 16%. The heat source section of the device is optimized for energy-harvesting in low grade temperature regimes by incorporating a near-black body coating on the metal heat source section. Experimental results show that both the heat source and sink sections were able to induce sufficient thermal potential for the thermoelectric modules to passively generate up to 5V using eight 40mm by 40mm Bismuth Telluride modules in 3.5 minutes. The prototype is relatively cheap, inherently reliable and presents the possibility of passively harvesting low-grade waste heat for later use, including powering small electronic devices.

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50

Ilivitsky, Susan. "Making sense of sudden personal transformation: a qualitative study on people’s beliefs about the facilitative factors and mechanisms of their abrupt and profound inner change." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3383.

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Sudden personal transformation (SPT) was defined as a subjectively reported, positive, profound, and lasting personal change that follows a relatively brief and memorable inner experience. Although such change has been described in numerous biographies, works of fiction, and religious and scholarly texts, a consistent definition and systematic program of research is lacking in the psychological literature. Moreover, almost nothing is known about what causes such change from the subjective point of view of individuals who have experienced it first hand. This study used semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis to explore the common beliefs of three participants about the factors that facilitated and the mechanisms that caused their SPT. Findings reveal that all participants reported a life transition, feeling miserable, feeling exhausted, feeling unable to resolve adverse circumstances, reaching a breaking point, and support from others facilitated their individual SPT’s. All participants also indicated that a formalized activity or ceremony as well as a process outside of their conscious control (either a higher power or a deep inner wisdom) produced or caused their SPT’s. Implications for future research and counselling practice are discussed.
Graduate

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