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1

Pamela, Richards, ed. Writing for social scientists: How to start and finish your thesis, book, or article. 2nd ed. University of Chicago Press, 2007.

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2

Nazarova, Nataliya, Sergey Morozov, Tamara Bogdanova, and Lidiya Aksenova. Special pedagogy in 3 volumes . INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2025. https://doi.org/10.12737/2100001.

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The textbook is intended for the study of the disciplines "Special Pedagogy" and "Theory and history of special pedagogy", which are part of the group of disciplines of the general professional block of training in special pedagogy and special psychology in pedagogical universities. The general issues of the theory of special pedagogy, the complex of its scientific foundations, methodology and methods of scientific research are considered. The article reveals the theoretical foundations of education and training in the special education system as an integral process of development and self-dev
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3

Ryan, Catriona Franks. Without Anxiety: Write a First Class Dissertation, Thesis Chapter or Academic Article. Independently Published, 2017.

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4

Becker, Howard Saul, and Pamela Richards. Writing for Social Scientists: How to Start and Finish Your Thesis, Book, or Article. University of Chicago Press, 2007.

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5

Writing for Social Scientists: How to Start and Finish Your Thesis, Book, or Article. University of Chicago Press, 2020.

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6

Writing for social scientists: How to start and finish your thesis, book, or article. University of Chicago Press, 1986.

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7

Writing for Social Scientists: How to Start and Finish Your Thesis, Book, or Article. ReadHowYouWant.com, Limited, 2011.

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8

Becker, Howard S. Writing for Social Scientists : How to Start and Finish Your Thesis, Book, or Article: Second Edition. University of Chicago Press, 2010.

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9

Howard S. Becker and Pamela Richards. Writing for Social Scientists : How to Start and Finish Your Thesis, Book, or Article: Second Edition. ReadHowYouWant.com, Limited, 2011.

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10

Mehrdad, Jalalian. Simple Approach to Academic Research and Publication Author. Chapter 1: Standards of Reporting Chi-Square Test in Original Article and Thesis. Knowledge Kingdom Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.26415/978-9931-9446-1-4.

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11

Writing for Social Scientists, Third Edition: How to Start and Finish Your Thesis, Book, or Article, with a Chapter by Pamela Richards. University of Chicago Press, 2020.

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12

Becker, Howard S. Writing for Social Scientists, Third Edition: How to Start and Finish Your Thesis, Book, or Article, with a Chapter by Pamela Richards. University of Chicago Press, 2020.

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13

Becker, Howard S. Writing for Social Scientists: How to Start and Finish Your Thesis, Book, or Article: Second Edition (Chicago Guides to Writing, Editing, and Publishing). University Of Chicago Press, 2007.

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14

Becker, Howard S. Writing for Social Scientists: How to Start and Finish Your Thesis, Book, or Article: Second Edition (Chicago Guides to Writing, Editing, and Publishing). University Of Chicago Press, 2007.

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15

Weir, Alan. Indeterminacy of Translation. Edited by Ernest Lepore and Barry C. Smith. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199552238.003.0011.

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W.V. Quine's thesis of the indeterminacy of translation is the theory which launched a thousand doctorates. During the 1970s it sometimes seemed to be as firmly entrenched a dogma among North American philosophers as the existence of God was among medieval theologians. So what is the indeterminacy thesis? It is very tempting, of course, to apply a little reflexivity and deny that there is any determinate thesis of indeterminacy of translation; to charge Quine with championing a doctrine which has no clear meaning, or which is hopelessly ambiguous. Such a charge is, it is argued in this article
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16

Lamel, Lori, and Jean-Luc Gauvain. Speech Recognition. Edited by Ruslan Mitkov. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199276349.013.0016.

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Speech recognition is concerned with converting the speech waveform, an acoustic signal, into a sequence of words. Today's approaches are based on a statistical modellization of the speech signal. This article provides an overview of the main topics addressed in speech recognition, which are, acoustic-phonetic modelling, lexical representation, language modelling, decoding, and model adaptation. Language models are used in speech recognition to estimate the probability of word sequences. The main components of a generic speech recognition system are, main knowledge sources, feature analysis, a
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17

Brigard, Felipe De. Memory and the Intentional Stance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199367511.003.0005.

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Despite Dennett’s vast scholarship, he seemed to only have directly addressed the topic of memory in a relatively unknown coauthored article published in a somewhat obscure volume. The current chapter attempts to reconstruct the ideas from this old article, and argues that it offers a viable and coherent view of episodic memory with substantial empirical support. Specifically, the chapter uncovers three empirically supported theses. A functional thesis, according to which our memory system not only processes information about past events but also uses this information to construct useful antic
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18

Streib, Jessi, SaunJuhi Verma, Whitney Welsh, and Linda M. Burton. Life, Death, and Resurrections. Edited by David Brady and Linda M. Burton. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199914050.013.12.

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This article examines the culture of poverty thesis, focusing on its many lives, deaths, and reincarnations. It first considers the intellectual history of the culture of poverty thesis before discussing how the argument has been interspersed throughout U.S. history and applied to various groups. It then considers the argument’s scholarly reproduction, noting how it is underlain by a binary whereby segments of the poor, racial minorities, and immigrants are positioned as having a deviant, morally suspect culture that undermines their potential upward mobility, whereas white middle- and upper-c
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19

Wren, Anne. Comparative Perspectives on the Role of the State in the Economy. Edited by Donald A. Wittman and Barry R. Weingast. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199548477.003.0035.

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This article has a comparative perspectives on the role of the state in the economy. It first describes the challenges that are posed to the thesis that state actors possess the instrumental capacity to engage in macroeconomic demand management. It also discusses the literature analyzing the capacity of state actors to effectively intervene on the supply side of the economy to create the conditions for growth, stability, and expansion. The article also presents an outline of how these debates eventually lead to important questions about the relative explanatory power of arguments.
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20

Miyazaki, Hirokazu. Gifts and Exchange. Edited by Dan Hicks and Mary C. Beaudry. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199218714.013.0010.

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A gift contains within itself a part of its giver: ‘to make a gift of something to someone is to make a present of some part of oneself’. This article traces the trajectories of debates in socio-cultural anthropology that have stemmed from Mauss' solution to the problem of reciprocity, with a view to stepping outside these trajectories. The first half of this article seeks to demonstrate that the succession of debates following Mauss' essay consists of repeated attempts to rework the relationship between Mauss' original problem and solution. This article draws upon the ideas of the French soci
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21

Demopoulos, William, and Peter Clark. The Logicism of Frege, Dedekind, and Russell. Edited by Stewart Shapiro. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195325928.003.0005.

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This article is organized around logicism's answers to the following questions: What is the basis for our knowledge of the infinity of the numbers? How is arithmetic applicable to reality? Why is reasoning by induction justified? Although there are, as is seen in this article, important differences, the common thread that runs through all three of the authors discussed in this article their opposition to the Kantian thesis that reflection on reasoning with mere concepts (i.e., without attention to intuitions formed a priori) can never succeed in providing satisfactory answers to these three qu
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22

Bhattacharyya, Sambit. The Historical Origins of Poverty in Developing Countries. Edited by David Brady and Linda M. Burton. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199914050.013.13.

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This article explores the historical origins of poverty and the root causes of poverty in developing countries. It first considers the theories that explain the root causes (geography, disease, colonial history, slave trade, culture, and technology) of poverty before describing a novel, unified framework that unites these theories. The central thesis is that Western Europe benefited from favorable geography that led to highly productive agriculture, food surpluses, and institutions conducive to development. In contrast, Africa continues to suffer from unfavorable geography and disease. Institu
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Wikforss, Åsa. Incomplete Understanding of Concepts. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935314.013.49.

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This article discusses the thesis that a subject can have a concept, think thoughts containing it, that she incompletely understands. The central question concerns how to construe the distinction between having a concept and understanding it. Two important versions of the thesis are distinguished: a metasemantic version and an epistemic version. According to the first, the subject may have concept C without being a fully competent user, in virtue of deference to other speakers or to the world. According to the second, the subject may have a concept without being able to provide a proper explic
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24

Angner, Erik. Subjective Measures of Well‐Being: Philosophical Perspectives. Edited by Don Ross and Harold Kincaid. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195189254.003.0021.

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The goal of this article is to explore some fundamental assumptions underlying subjective measures of well-being, as compared to more traditional economic measures. Its main thesis is that psychologists and economists have sharply different philosophical commitments, a fact that is seldom made explicit. Although it is perfectly reasonable for social and behavioral scientists to be wary of spending too much time thinking about the philosophical foundations of their enterprise, there are moments when it is eminently useful to do so. In this case, this article maintains, there is good reason to a
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25

Heck, Richard G., and Robert May. Frege's Contribution to Philosophy of Language. Edited by Ernest Lepore and Barry C. Smith. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199552238.003.0001.

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Gottlob Frege's contributions to philosophy of language are so numerous and so fundamental that it is difficult to imagine the field without them. This article discusses Frege's apparently metaphysical doctrine that concepts are ‘unsaturated’. It argues that it is primarily a semantic thesis, an essential ingredient of Frege's conception of compositionality. It next discusses Frege's conception of truth. It argues that his seemingly puzzling doctrine that sentences denote objects, namely, truth-values, emerges from considerations about the logic of sentential connectives and the semantics of p
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26

Thompson, Kenneth. Globalization and Religion. Edited by Jeffrey C. Alexander, Ronald N. Jacobs, and Philip Smith. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195377767.013.17.

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This article examines the relationship between religious cultures and the forces of globalization. It first considers the distinction between teleological-homogenizing approaches to religious developments in modernity, which assume that secularization is inevitable, and those that emphasize cross-national variability and historical contingency. In particular, it discusses the cultural sociology approach, the value of which can be recognized when accounting for the religious phenomenon that strongly refutes the secularization thesis—the various forms of Pentecostalism that have attracted 500 mi
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27

Gooday, Graeme, and Daniel Jon Mitchell. Rethinking ‘Classical Physics’. Edited by Jed Z. Buchwald and Robert Fox. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696253.013.25.

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This article discusses the reasons for rethinking ‘classical physics’, building upon Richard Staley’s historical enquiry into the origins of the distinction between ‘classical’ and ‘modern physics’. In particular, it challenges Staley’s thesis that ‘classical’ and ‘modern physics’ were invented simultaneously by Max Planck at the Solvay conference in 1911, arguing instead that the emergence of these notions took place separately over a period that reached as late as the 1930s. The article first considers how the identification of the ether as a key feature of classical physics has drawn histor
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28

Warde, Alan. Eating. Edited by Frank Trentmann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199561216.013.0019.

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Among the copious research on consumption in the last couple of decades, historians and historical accounts have made some most trenchant and fruitful contributions. However, our improved understanding of the operation of, for want of a better concept, consumer culture, has, despite its apparent potential, had limited impact on the analysis of eating. This article reviews recent scholarship in the field of eating and food consumption, and uses the lens of the globalization thesis to explore how goods, people, and ideas have come to circulate in ways that affect eating habits. It argues that sc
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29

Samuels, Richard. Massive Modularity. Edited by Eric Margolis, Richard Samuels, and Stephen P. Stich. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195309799.013.0004.

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The objective of the article is to discuss the evolution, hypothesis, and some the more prominent arguments for massive modularity (MM). MM is the hypothesis that the human mind is largely or entirely composed from a great many modules. Modules are functionally characterizable cognitive mechanisms that tend to possess several features, which include domain-specificity, informationally encapsulation, innateness, inaccessibility, shallow outputs, and mandatory operation. The final thesis that comprises MM mentions that modules are found not merely at the periphery of the mind but also in the cen
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30

Hanhimäki, Jussi M. Europe's Cold War. Edited by Dan Stone. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199560981.013.0014.

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In 1945, much of Europe was in rubble, following an orgy of violence and genocide unprecedented in recorded history. This alone provides one explanation for the phenomenal rise of Soviet and American power in Europe after World War II. And given the ideological differences, material capabilities, security interests, and contrasting personalities of those in power, it was no wonder that any possibility of cooperation between the Soviet Union and the United States vanished after the common objective of defeating the Axis powers had been achieved. While the Cold War may not have been inevitable,
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31

Sæbø, Kjell Johan. Information Structure and Presupposition. Edited by Caroline Féry and Shinichiro Ishihara. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642670.013.012.

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This article surveys and discusses the core points of contact between notions of information structure and notions of presupposition. Section 1 is devoted to the ‘weak’ presuppositional semantics for focus developed by Mats Rooth, describing its properties with regard to verification and accommodation and showing that it can successfully account for a wide range of phenomena. Section 2 examines the stronger thesis that focus–background structures give rise to existential presuppositions, and finds the counterarguments that have been raised to carry considerable weight. Section 3 looks into the
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32

Guala, Francesco. Philosophy of the Social Sciences. Edited by Paul Humphreys. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199368815.013.6.

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Naturalism is still facing a strong opposition in the philosophy of social science from influential scholars who argue that philosophical analysis must be autonomous from scientific investigation. The opposition exploits philosophers’ traditional diffidence toward social science and fuels the ambition to provide new foundations for social research. A classic anti-naturalist strategy is to identify a feature of social reality that prevents scientific explanation and prediction. An all-time favorite is the dependence of social phenomena on human representation. This article examines two prominen
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33

Etienne, Henry. Part 1 The Cold War Era (1945–89), 30 The Falklands/Malvinas War—1982. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198784357.003.0030.

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This chapter discusses the application of jus contra bellum in the 1982 Falklands/Malvinas conflict. After briefly setting out the relevant facts and summarizing the positions of the main protagonists of the conflict as well as the UN Security Council and General Assembly and other member states, it analyzes the legal issues raised by the application of Article 2(3), 2(4) and 51 of the UN Charter, before evaluating the precedential value of the case. Special attention is paid to the alleged right to use military force for the recovery of pre-colonial titles, to the thesis of the exhaustion of
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34

Wuth, Jasmin. Nachhaltiges Bauen in der Praxis : Bewertung des Zertifizierungsprozesses der ökologischen Qualität nach DGNB System. Technische Universität Dresden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.408.

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Linking theory and practice, university research and the real economy, is a pillar of social development. With the financial support of the FOSTER program of the TU Dresden, I succeeded in this desired connection, even before the first dust on my thesis has settled down. With the support of the professorship for business administration, especially sustainability management and corporate environmental economics, I was able to transfer my diploma thesis from theory to practice, from the university to a renowned specialist journal. In my thesis, I dealt with the obstacles in the certification pro
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Deyrup, Marta Mestrovic. Librarian's Guide to Writing for Professional Publication. Libraries Unlimited, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400678806.

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Professional publication can take your career to the next level. Use this guide to learn the best ways to share your expertise and show commitment to the profession through publishing. Even if you're not yet confident about your experience, ideas, or writing skills, more than likely, you're ready to consider publishing. This practical guide will supply the encouragement and direction for you to effectively communicate using the written word and start publishing, which will likely serve to boost your career. It explains the difference between traditional and self-publishing; supplies advice on
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36

Jaquet, Chantal. Eternity. Edited by Michael Della Rocca. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195335828.013.018.

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Eternity is a property that substance and modes have in common. Spinoza posits in E5p23 that “the human mind cannot be absolutely destroyed with the body, but something of it remains which is eternal.” Thus, men have both an indefinite existence or duration, and an eternal one. This thesis sounds very odd because it seems to stand in contradiction to the “parallelism” between body and mind. One may wonder whether Spinoza really thinks that the mind enjoys eternal existence or if he is merely paying lip service to a traditional belief. What does he mean when he states in E5p23s that “we feel an
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37

Schaub, Mirjam. The Affective Experience of Space. Edited by Yael Kaduri. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199841547.013.21.

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This article investigates the aesthetic conclusions that the Canadian artists Janet Cardiff and George Bures Miller draw from the basic phenomenon of listening—such as the “horizon of simultaneity” of sound and vision—in their own creation of their audio- and video-walks. It describes how their work functions as social experiments in the public sphere. The thesis is that their works “vampirize” sounds and actively assimilate them to natural acoustic tracks and traces, thus becoming affective traps for their pursuers. Cardiff and Miller lead the participants astray in their desire to actually “
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38

Su, Fubing, Ran Tao, and Dali L. Yang. Rethinking the Institutional Foundations of China’s Hypergrowth. Edited by Carol Lancaster and Nicolas van de Walle. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199845156.013.8.

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This article examines the institutional foundations of the remarkable growth of the Chinese economy, paying particular attention to official incentives, institutional constraints, and local developmentalism. It begins by outlining two approaches that explain the role of local officials as agents of economic growth: the fiscal incentives approach, which views local officials as revenue maximizers; and the fiscal federalism approach, which views officials as promotion maximizers. It then discusses the tournament thesis based on Chinese policy and empirical data before proposing a three-pronged f
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39

Kelly, Phil. Defending Classical Geopolitics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.279.

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Three successive parts are presented within this article, all intended to raise the visibility and show the utility of classical geopolitics as a deserving and separate international-relations model: (a) a common traditional definition, (b) relevant theories that correspond to that definition, and (c) applications of certain theories that will delve at some depth into three case studies (the Ukrainian shatterbelt, contemporary Turkish geopolitics, and a North American heartland).The placement of states, regions, and resources, as affecting international relations and foreign policies, defines
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40

Arpaçukuru, Osman, and Abdullah Demir. İSNAD Atıf Sistemi 2. Edisyon Citavi Şablonu Kullanım Kılavuzu. Oku Okut Yayınları, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55709/okuokutyayinlari.5.

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Citavi is a software that helps academicians in all processes, especially in the field of theology, in scientific research, and writing, from literature review to writing drafts of the research report (article, thesis, book) before the final revision. It differs from its peers with its features and tools that facilitate and accelerate research activities and processes and complete it with a solid weave. It fully supports many languages, including Arabic and Turkish, and offers error-free writing in these languages. It allows all kinds of date and page number entries to be written as written by
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41

Steible, Bettina. Ensuring compliance with International Humanitarian Law: the EU, France, and Spain. Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.48035/978-84-9769-359-2.

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Contemporary armed conflicts in different parts of the world, most notably in Syria, have shown that one of the greatest challenges of International Humanitarian Law (hereafter, ‘IHL’) is the lack of a centralized monitoring mechanism in charge of ensuring that it is correctly applied and enforced. While it is difficult to have access to reliable figures on the number of civilian casualties in armed conflicts, there is no doubt that too many men, women, and children are killed unlawfully every day in blatant violation of IHL. Against this background, the involvement of the European Union (here
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42

Baldwin, Thomas. Philosophy of Language in the Twentieth Century. Edited by Ernest Lepore and Barry C. Smith. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199552238.003.0003.

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During the first half of the twentieth century philosophy took a ‘linguistic turn’. (The phrase, which comes from Gustav Bergmann, was made famous by Richard Rorty as the title of an anthology of papers in which this development is set out and assessed.) The first clear signal of this development was Ludwig Wittgenstein's remark in his Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (1921) that ‘All philosophy is “Critique of Language”‘ and this work by Wittgenstein (which is discussed in this article) remains a classic presentation of the thesis that philosophy can only be undertaken through the critical stud
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43

Proudfoot, Diane, and B. Jack Copeland. Artificial Intelligence. Edited by Eric Margolis, Richard Samuels, and Stephen P. Stich. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195309799.013.0007.

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In this article the central philosophical issues concerning human-level artificial intelligence (AI) are presented. AI largely changed direction in the 1980s and 1990s, concentrating on building domain-specific systems and on sub-goals such as self-organization, self-repair, and reliability. Computer scientists aimed to construct intelligence amplifiers for human beings, rather than imitation humans. Turing based his test on a computer-imitates-human game, describing three versions of this game in 1948, 1950, and 1952. The famous version appears in a 1950 article inMind, ‘Computing Machinery a
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44

Markwick, Roger D. The Great Patriotic War in Soviet and Post-Soviet Collective Memory. Edited by Dan Stone. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199560981.013.0035.

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World War II has never ended for the citizens of the former Soviet Union. Nearly 27 million Soviet citizens died in the course of what Joseph Stalin declared to be the Great Patriotic War, half of the total 55 million victims of the world war. The enduring personal trauma and grief that engulfed those who survived, despite the Red Army's victory over fascism, was not matched by Stalin's state of mind, which preferred to forget the war. Not until the ousting of Nikita S. Khrushchev in October 1964 by Leonid Brezhnev was official memory of the war really resurrected. This article elaborates a th
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45

Garrett, Don. Necessity and Nature in Spinoza's Philosophy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195307771.001.0001.

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Spinoza’s guiding commitment to the thesis that nothing exists or occurs outside of the scope of nature and its necessary laws makes him one of the great seventeenth-century exemplars of both philosophical naturalism and explanatory rationalism. Nature and Necessity in Spinoza’s Philosophy brings together for the first time eighteen articles by Don Garrett on Spinoza’s philosophy, ranging over the fields of metaphysics, epistemology, philosophy of mind, ethics, and political philosophy. Taken together, they provide a comprehensive analysis of Spinoza’s theories of substance, thought and extens
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46

Milanovic, Marko. Jurisdiction and Responsibility. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830009.003.0006.

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This chapter examines the overarching trends in the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights on questions of State jurisdiction in the sense of Article 1 of the European Convention on Human Rights and State responsibility, after its seminal judgment in the Al-Skeini case. While the chapter makes no claim to comprehensiveness of coverage, it first discusses the threshold question of the extraterritorial applicability of human rights treaties, and analyses the relationship between the notions of jurisdiction and responsibility, specifically looking at the recent Jaloud v Netherlands c
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47

Lobo-Guerrero, Luis. The International Political Sociology of Risk. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.336.

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Conceptions of “risk” have permeated different forms of governance in both developed and developing countries. Many scholars have theorized how societies, states, organizations, and economic actors cope with uncertainty, giving rise to an international political sociology (IPS) of risk. A major concern of the IPS of risk is how uncertainty has become a central problem for governance. The ways in which risks are assessed and managed are taken as problematic spaces from which to question the roles of states, societies, economic actors, and individuals in coping with uncertainty. The origin of ri
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