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Journal articles on the topic 'Cook Islands – Population'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

McLennan, Amy K., and Stanley J. Ulijaszek. "Obesity emergence in the Pacific islands: why understanding colonial history and social change is important." Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 8 (2014): 1499–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136898001400175x.

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AbstractObjectiveBetween 1980 and 2008, two Pacific island nations – Nauru and the Cook Islands – experienced the fastest rates of increasing BMI in the world. Rates were over four times higher than the mean global BMI increase. The aim of the present paper is to examine why these populations have been so prone to obesity increases in recent times.DesignThree explanatory frames that apply to both countries are presented: (i) geographic isolation and genetic predisposition; (ii) small population and low food production capacity; and (iii) social change under colonial influence. These are compar

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2

Connell, John. "A Nation in Decline? Migration and Emigration from the Cook Islands." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 14, no. 3 (2005): 327–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719680501400304.

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The Cook Islands is the largest of several Pacific island microstates experiencing absolute population decline, raising questions over national viability. Since its peak of 21,300 in 1971 the population has almost halved, mainly through depopulation of the twelve outer islands. The population of the main island, Rarotonga, has remained constant. Decline has been particularly rapid following economic problems and restructuring in the mid-1990s, while return migration has been slight. Skilled migrants, especially health workers, have been most prone to migration, for educational, economic and so

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Cousins, Jenny A., and Steve G. Compton. "The Tongan flying fox Pteropus tonganus: status, public attitudes and conservation in the Cook Islands." Oryx 39, no. 2 (2005): 196–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003060530500044x.

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In the Cook Islands the population of Pteropus tonganus tonganus is thought to be declining, but a lack of knowledge of its status, feeding and roosting requirements has precluded effective conservation plans. We surveyed P. t. tonganus on the Cook Islands through observations, counts and interviews with local residents. We estimated the population to be c. 1,730 on Rarotonga and 78 on Mangaia. A lack of suitable habitat on Mangaia was the most important factor affecting abundance. Overhunting appears to have reduced the populations on both islands. All roost sites were found in undisturbed fo

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ROBERTSON, HUGH A., IAN KARIKA, and EDWARD K. SAUL. "Translocation of Rarotonga Monarchs Pomarea dimidiata within the southern Cook Islands." Bird Conservation International 16, no. 3 (2006): 197–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270906000268.

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The translocation of species to a new site plays an important role in the conservation of many threatened birds; however, the problems and processes involved in planning and implementing such translocations are rarely reported. In order to establish a second secure ‘insurance’ population of the endangered Rarotonga Monarch Pomarea dimidiata, or Kakerori, 30 young birds were moved from the Takitumu Conservation Area on Rarotonga to the 2,700 ha island of Atiu between 2001 and 2003. The translocation of this single-island endemic was to a site outside the historical range of the species, because

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Watling, Dick. "Notes on the status of Kuhl's Lorikeet Vini kuhlii in the Northern Line Islands, Kiribati." Bird Conservation International 5, no. 4 (1995): 481–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270900001192.

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SummaryKuhl's Lorikeet Vini kuhlii has a precarious status reflected by its disjunct distribution in the Pacific, with surviving populations in the Northern Line (Kiribati) and Austral Islands (French Polynesia) some 3,000 km apart, possibly as a result of Polynesian trade in red feathers. The species is extinct in the southern Cook Islands. On Rimatara (Austral Islands), where it is believed indigenous, it is still common but the recent introduction of the Rattus norvegicus is of concern. In the Northern Line Islands, R. rattus appears to have all but extirpated the lorikeet on Tabuaeran (Fan

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ZUG, GEORGE R., ALISON M. HAMILTON, and CHRISTOPHER C. AUSTIN. "A new Emoia samoensis group lizard (Squamata: Scincidae) from the Cook Islands, South-central Pacific." Zootaxa 2765, no. 1 (2011): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2765.1.4.

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The first published report of a large treeskink from Rarotonga, Cook Islands, appeared in 1988. The first museum voucher specimen was collected in 1984. Although this skink seems likely to be a recent arrival to the island of Rarotonga, it represents a unique member of the Emoia samoensis species group. We compare this population with other members of the E. samoensis group and describe the population as Emoia tuitarere n. sp., distinguished by a suite of external characters including SVL, number of dorsal scale rows, and number of subdigital lamellae of the fourth toe. We provide preliminary

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Mccormack, Gerald, and Judith Künzlè. "The 'Ura or Rimatara Lorikeet Vini kuhlii: its former range, present status, and conservation priorities." Bird Conservation International 6, no. 4 (1996): 325–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270900001805.

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SummaryFossils and other evidence from the Southern Cook Islands show that the Rimatara Lorikeet Vini kuhlii, known as the Kura, was widespread in the group during prehistoric times and, it was probably extirpated due to exploitation for its red feathers. Today, it survives only on Rimatara in the Austral Islands, where it is known as the ‘Ura. On Rimatara during 5-11 August 1992 we saw/heard 263 ‘Ura, and estimated the total population at 900 birds. The mixed horticultural belt, about 32% of the island, was the most favoured habitat at 2.2 birds ha1 and it supported about 61% of the total pop

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Tu’akoi, Siobhan, Neti Tamarua-Herman, Karen Tairea, Mark H. Vickers, Yin Yin May Aung, and Jacquie L. Bay. "Supporting Cook Island communities to access DOHaD evidence." Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 11, no. 6 (2020): 564–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040174420000252.

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AbstractDevelopmental origins of health and disease research have cemented relationships between the early-life environment and later risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). However, there is limited translation of this knowledge in developing-economy nations, such as the Cook Islands, that carry exceptionally high NCD burdens. Considering the evidence, Cook Islands leaders identified a need for increased community awareness of the importance of early-life nutrition. Using a community-based participatory research approach, this study aimed to engage Cook Islands community representatives in

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9

H. Sanders, Kerry, Edward O. Minot, and Robin A. Fordham. "Juvenile dispersion and use of habitat by the endangered Kakerori Pomarea dimidiata (Monarchinae) on Rarotonga, Cook Islands." Pacific Conservation Biology 2, no. 2 (1995): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc960167.

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The Kakerori (Rarotongan flycatcher) Pomarea dimidiata is a small, territorial passerine, endemic to Rarotonga, Cook Islands. Now listed as endangered, the total known population in August 1991 was 48 individuals. Kakerori are found in the steep, forested inland of southern Rarotonga. Newly fledged young remain high in the canopy near the natal nest. However, 4?5 months later they occupy spurs and small ridges immediately surrounding the parental territory, while 7?8 months after fledging, these young birds are most often found on high, exposed ridges where they form small cohorts. The daily a

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10

HAMILTON, ALISON M., GEORGE R. ZUG, and CHRISTOPHER C. AUSTIN. "Biogeographic anomaly or human introduction: a cryptogenic population of tree skink (Reptilia: Squamata) from the Cook Islands, Oceania." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 100, no. 2 (2010): 318–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2010.01437.x.

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Drumm, Darrin J., and Neil R. Loneragan. "Reproductive biology ofHolothuria leucospilotain the Cook Islands and the implications of traditional fishing of gonads on the population." New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 39, no. 1 (2005): 141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2005.9517297.

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12

Tu’akoi, S., M. H. Vickers, K. Tairea, et al. "The significance of DOHaD for Small Island Developing States." Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 9, no. 5 (2018): 487–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040174418000466.

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AbstractSmall Island Developing States (SIDS) are island nations that experience specific social, economic and environmental vulnerabilities associated with small populations, isolation and limited resources. Globally, SIDS exhibit exceptionally high rates of non-communicable disease (NCD) risk and incidence. Despite this, there is a lack of context-specific research within SIDS focused on life course approaches to NCD prevention, particularly the impact of the early-life environment on later disease risk as defined by the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) framework. Given th

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Sanders, Michael, Natasha Houghton, Ofa Dewes, Judith McCool, and Peter Thorne. "Estimated prevalence of hearing loss and provision of hearing services in Pacific Island nations." Journal of Primary Health Care 7, no. 1 (2015): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc15005.

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INTRODUCTION: Hearing impairment (HI) affects an estimated 538 million people worldwide, with 80% of these living in developing countries. Untreated HI in childhood may lead to developmental delay and in adults results in social isolation, inability to find or maintain employment, and dependency. Early intervention and support programmes can significantly reduce the negative effects of HI. AIM: To estimate HI prevalence and identify available hearing services in some Pacific countries — Cook Islands, Fiji, Niue, Samoa, Tokelau, Tonga. METHODS: Data were collected through literature review and

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Sims, NA. "Population dynamics and stock management of the black-lip pearl oyster, Pinctada margaritifera (L.), in the Cook Islands, South Pacific." Marine and Freshwater Research 43, no. 6 (1992): 1423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9921423.

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Permanent transects were used to measure changes in abundance of Pinctada margaritifera in Manihiki lagoon, Cook Islands. Growth in situ, mortality and recruitment were also studied. A correction factor for searcher efficiency was also determined, allowing earlier estimates of standing stocks to be adjusted. Overall abundance in Manihiki decreased by 18% in one year. Most losses were attributable to fishing (F=0.19; M=0.11). Mortality (27%) and recruitment (9%) were presumably underestimated because of heavy fishing of juveniles. Total mortality, estimated by Wetherall plots, decreased from 0.

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Owen, Clare, Luke Rendell, Rochelle Constantine, et al. "Migratory convergence facilitates cultural transmission of humpback whale song." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 9 (2019): 190337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190337.

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Cultural transmission of behaviour is important in a wide variety of vertebrate taxa from birds to humans. Vocal traditions and vocal learning provide a strong foundation for studying culture and its transmission in both humans and cetaceans. Male humpback whales ( Megaptera novaeangliae ) perform complex, culturally transmitted song displays that can change both evolutionarily (through accumulations of small changes) or revolutionarily (where a population rapidly adopts a novel song). The degree of coordination and conformity underlying song revolutions makes their study of particular interes

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Jordan, Thomas E. "“Stay and Starve, Or Go and Prosper!” Juvenile Emigration from Great Britain in the Nineteenth Century." Social Science History 9, no. 2 (1985): 145–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200020423.

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The nineteenth century saw the beginning of large-scale migration of population from western Europe to various countries of the world. North and South America had proven hospitable in previous centuries and the southern tip of Africa presented an equable climate as well as strategic location. The islands of the southern seas reached by Cook and Van Diemen proved equally attractive if more remote. In retrospect it seems inevitable that, with the exception of South America, they were bound to be English-speaking. Even South America had its British farming colonists at one stage. In 1826 just und

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Tutty, Susan, and Felicity Goodyear-Smith. "Eighteen months of depression: examining the chronic care management of depression with particular reference to Pacific people." Journal of Primary Health Care 6, no. 1 (2014): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc14031.

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INTRODUCTION: Primary care is responsible for the 17% of the population with mild to moderately severe mental illness. Total Healthcare Otara (THO), with 49% of its patients of Pacific ethnicity, presents an opportunity to study the primary care management of depression, inclusive of Pacific people. While it had been assumed that Pacific people in New Zealand suffer less mental illness, Te Rau Hinengaro: The New Zealand Mental Health Survey showed this is not the case. AIM: The aim of the study was to examine a Chronic Care Management (CCM) programme for depression in a predominantly Pacific p

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18

Heard, D. C. "The intrinsic rate of increase of reindeer and caribou populations in arctic environments." Rangifer 10, no. 3 (1990): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.10.3.851.

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The intrinsic rate of increase of an animal population, rm, is specific to the environment in which it is measured. Previous estimates of maximum growth rates for reindeer and caribou Rangifer tarandus populations were based on introductions to islands with cool oceanic climates. The mean intrinsic rate of increase of 6 populations was 0.26 ranging from 0.21 on St Paul Island in the Bering Sea to 0.29 in the Barff herd on South Georgia. I calculated rm for two Rangifer populations introduced to arctic environments to determine the effect of environmental severity on the intrinsic rate of incre

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KATAYAMA, Kazumichi, Akira TAGAYA, Hiroyuki YAMADA, and Keiichi KAWAMOTO. "Cook islands populations today, in relation to European mixtures and inter-island crossbreedings." Journal of Anthropological Society of Nippon 96, no. 1 (1988): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.96.47.

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HITCHMOUGH, RODNEY A., STUART V. NIELSEN, and AARON M. BAUER. "Earning your stripes: a second species of striped gecko in the New Zealand gecko genus Toropuku (Gekkota: Diplodactylidae)." Zootaxa 4890, no. 4 (2020): 578–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4890.4.9.

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The New Zealand diplodactylid gecko genus Toropuku is currently monotypic, but the sole member of the genus, T. stephensi, is distributed in two disjunct, geographically distant regions of New Zealand – the islands of Cook Strait (which includes the type locality, Stephens Island), between New Zealand’s North and South Islands, and the Coromandel Peninsula, in the northeastern North Island. Previously published phylogenetic results, based on three total individuals, recognized substantial—possibly species-level—diversity between these disparate localities, although no taxonomic decisions were

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Alahmad, Barrak, Linda Powers Tomasso, Ali Al-Hemoud, Peter James, and Petros Koutrakis. "Spatial Distribution of Land Surface Temperatures in Kuwait: Urban Heat and Cool Islands." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9 (2020): 2993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17092993.

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The global rise of urbanization has led to the formation of surface urban heat islands and surface urban cool islands. Urban heat islands have been shown to increase thermal discomfort, which increases heat stress and heat-related diseases. In Kuwait, a hyper-arid desert climate, most of the population lives in urban and suburban areas. In this study, we characterized the spatial distribution of land surface temperatures and investigated the presence of urban heat and cool effects in Kuwait. We used historical Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Terra satellite 8-day composit

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Goff, J. "Evidence of a previously unrecorded local tsunami, 13 April 2010, Cook Islands: implications for Pacific Island countries." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 11, no. 5 (2011): 1371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-1371-2011.

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Abstract. Tsunami hazard assessments for Pacific Islands Countries (PICs) tend to focus on subduction zone sources. It is generally recognised that while volcanic-related tsunamigenic sources exist, they are probably only of minor relevance to the overall hazardscape of the Pacific. This paper outlines the evidence for a previously unrecorded local tsunami that struck the uninhabited south coast of Mangaia, Cook Islands, on 13 April 2010. The tsunami had a maximum inundation of 100 m inland and a runup of 12 m a.s.l. This event was most probably caused by a small submarine slope failure, the m

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Cass, Philip. "A foreign flower no more: Tongan diasporic media and the 2014 Tongan election." Pacific Journalism Review 22, no. 1 (2016): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v22i1.14.

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The use of social media and the involvement of diasporic populations in politics is a growing trend among diasporic Polynesian communities and Island politicians. Auckland-based Tongan media, which are the focus of this article, appear to have had an effect on voter behaviour in the 2014 Tongan elections. Using the Auckland-based news site Kaniva News as a case study and drawing on interviews with Tongan journalists, this article sets out to show the links between the development of online media among the Tongan diaspora, the rise of ‘Akilisi Pohiva’s democracy movement and the mediated involv

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MacQueen, J. Marilyn, Eric A. Ottesen, Peter F. Weller, Carole Ottesen, D. Bernard Amos, and Frances E. Ward. "HLA Histocompatibility Antigens in a Polynesian Population - Cook Islanders of Mauke." Tissue Antigens 13, no. 2 (2008): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0039.1979.tb01147.x.

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Jones, Rhys J. "The status of seabird colonies on the Cook Islands atoll of Suwarrow." Bird Conservation International 11, no. 4 (2001): 309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270901000351.

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Suwarrow (Suvorov) atoll is an important seabird breeding site in the central Pacific Ocean. However, it is not protected and is attractive to developers of potentially damaging aquaculture industries. In this paper I report the results of a survey conducted to establish the present status of Suwarrow's seabird colonies and to generate base-line data for measuring the effect of a proposed pearl-farm development. Between late July and early September 2000 the reef islets were surveyed for seabird chick numbers and age-states using a simple sampling method. In addition to Sooty Tern Sterna fusca

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KATOH, KIYOSHI, TORU YAMAUCHI, and KOUICHI HIRAIWA. "Blood pressure, obesity and urine cation excretion in two populations of the Cook Islands." Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine 160, no. 2 (1990): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1620/tjem.160.117.

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Warren, Victoria E., Rochelle Constantine, Michael Noad, Claire Garrigue, and Ellen C. Garland. "Migratory insights from singing humpback whales recorded around central New Zealand." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 11 (2020): 201084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201084.

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The migration routes of wide-ranging species can be difficult to study, particularly at sea. In the western South Pacific, migratory routes of humpback whales between breeding and feeding areas are unclear. Male humpback whales sing a population-specific song, which can be used to match singers on migration to a breeding population. To investigate migratory routes and breeding area connections, passive acoustic recorders were deployed in the central New Zealand migratory corridor (2016); recorded humpback whale song was compared to song from the closest breeding populations of East Australia a

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Trembath, D. F., and S. Fearn. "Body sizes, activity times, food habits and reproduction of brown tree snakes (Boiga irregularis) (Serpentes:Colubridae) from tropical north Queensland, Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 56, no. 3 (2008): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo08008.

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Brown tree snakes (Boiga irregularis) are medium to large colubrid snakes that are relatively common within the eastern and northern parts of tropical Australia. An invasive population on Guam in the western Pacific has resulted in B. irregularis being one of the most studied snakes on earth. However, no field studies have ever been conducted on Australian populations. During a seven-year period we collected data on 265 field-caught specimens in north Queensland. These snakes were from three populations and provided data on body sizes, activity times, food habits and reproduction. B. irregular

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Zhao, Lei, Xuhui Lee, and Natalie M. Schultz. "A wedge strategy for mitigation of urban warming in future climate scenarios." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 14 (2017): 9067–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-9067-2017.

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Abstract. Heat stress is one of the most severe climate threats to human society in a future warmer world. The situation is further exacerbated in urban areas by urban heat islands (UHIs). Because the majority of world's population is projected to live in cities, there is a pressing need to find effective solutions for the heat stress problem. We use a climate model to investigate the effectiveness of various urban heat mitigation strategies: cool roofs, street vegetation, green roofs, and reflective pavement. Our results show that by adopting highly reflective roofs, almost all the cities in

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Smejkalová, Tereza. "The Queensland Electoral System and Indigenous Representation." Queensland Review 12, no. 1 (2005): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600003925.

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Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people represent more than 3 per cent of the Queensland population, but only one Aboriginal person has so far been elected to the Queensland Legislative Assembly. (Mr Eric Deeral was the National Party member for Cook from 1974 to 1977.) This fact suggests that the Indigenous population and minorities in general do not have much influence on government in Queensland. Questions therefore arise as to why and what can be done to address this deficiency.

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FULLARD, JAMES H., ROBERT M. R. BARCLAY, and DONALD W. THOMAS. "Observations on the behavioural ecology of the Atiu Swiftlet Aerodramus sawtelli." Bird Conservation International 20, no. 4 (2010): 385–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095927091000016x.

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SummaryThe Atiu Swiftlet Aerodramus sawtelli is endemic to the Cook Island of Atiu and has an estimated total population of less than 400, rendering it one of the world’s most globally endangered bird species. Over a series of five visits to Atiu, we collected data on the distribution of foraging swiftlets on the island, and their foraging and echolocation behaviour. The bird favours forests, agriculturally developed areas such as croplands, and populated sections of the island (e.g. gardens) but avoids the dry, upraised coral ring (makatea) of Atiu. It appears able to readily exploit new inse

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Booth, John D. "Recruitment of Packhorse Rock Lobster Jasus verreauxi in New Zealand." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 43, no. 11 (1986): 2212–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f86-271.

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The main breeding population of packhorse rock lobster Jasus verreauxi around mainland New Zealand is in the extreme north, near Cape Reinga. Some larvae from this area (and possibly some from Australia) are carried southeastward in the East Auckland Current along the east coast of North Island, and settlement occurs as far south as Cook Strait. Recapture of tagged animals shows that most juveniles migrate toward Cape Reinga where they mature and breed. The single major breeding population and migratory pathway may mean that the species is particularly vulnerable to overfishing. New Zealand an

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Tarr, RJQ. "Growth and movement of the South African abalone Haliotis midae: A reassessment." Marine and Freshwater Research 46, no. 3 (1995): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9950583.

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Growth rates of a number of Haliotis midae populations around the South African coast were studied by means of tagging. These populations ranged from the cool waters of the western coast to the more temperate environment of the eastern Cape. Standard von Bertalanffy growth curves were fitted and growth parameters derived. These ranged from 0.19 to 0.25 for K, the average rate at which L∞ is approached, and from 156 to 173 for L∞, the average theoretical maximum length. These indicate far higher growth rates than were previously published for this commercially fished species, and the reasons fo

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Ilham S. M. Elsayed, Ilham S. M. Elsayed. "A Study on the Urban Heat Island of the City of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia." journal of King Abdulaziz University - Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture Sciences 23, no. 2 (2012): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/met.23-2.8.

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The study focuses on the Urban Heat Island (UHI) occurring at metropolitan regions through a case study done on the city of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Malaysia has 14 metropolitan regions with a popu-lation of 75,000 persons. Kuala Lumpur city is the capital city of Ma-laysia with a population of 1504300 persons, recognized as the greatest metropolitan area within the country. The study measures the intensity of the UHI of the city, number and location of cool and heat islands, and location of the nucleus of such UHI. Moreover, it compares the intensity and the location of UHI and the latest prev

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Somboonna, Naraporn, Alisa Wilantho, Somchai Monanunsap, Suchana Chavanich, Sithichoke Tangphatsornruang, and Sissades Tongsima. "Microbial communities in the reef water at Kham Island, lower Gulf of Thailand." PeerJ 5 (August 14, 2017): e3625. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3625.

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Coral reefs are among the most biodiverse habitats on Earth, but knowledge of their associated marinemicrobiome remains limited. To increase the understanding of the coral reef ecosystem in the lower Gulf of Thailand, this study utilized 16S and 18S rRNA gene-based pyrosequencing to identify the prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbiota present in the reef water at Kham Island, Trat province, Thailand (N6.97 E100.86). The obtained result was then compared with the published microbiota from different coral reef water and marine sites. The coral reefs at Kham Island are of the fringe type. The reefs

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Amouroux, P., F. Normand, H. Delatte, A. Roques, and S. Nibouche. "Diapause incidence and duration in the pest mango blossom gall midge, Procontarinia mangiferae (Felt), on Reunion Island." Bulletin of Entomological Research 104, no. 5 (2014): 661–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485314000480.

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AbstractThe mango blossom gall midge, Procontarinia mangiferae, is a multivoltine species that induces galls in inflorescences and leaves of the mango tree, Mangifera indica. In subtropical Reunion Island, populations of P. mangiferae are observed all-year round, but the pattern and the role of dormancy in their life cycle have never been documented. We performed field and laboratory experiments using more than 15,000 larvae. We demonstrated that a larval diapause may affect a part of the midge population, regardless of the season. The total duration of the diapause varied from 6 weeks to more

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Sixtus, C. R., R. R. Scott, and G. D. Hill. "The phenology of Cydia succedana on gorse in Canterbury." New Zealand Plant Protection 60 (August 1, 2007): 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2007.60.4673.

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The phenology of Cydia succedana an introduced seedfeeder of Ulex europaeus was investigated Pheromone traps were set out at McLeans Island Christchurch a warm lowland site and Hinewai Reserve Banks Peninsula a cool upland site to observe the phenology of C succedana at two different altitudes and climatic conditions Moth populations were estimated by the mean number of male moths caught in the traps The phenology of C succedana was synchronised with the first U europaeus flowering in springsummer Significantly more male moths were captured at McLeans Island from October 2002 to February 2003

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Schabetsberger, R., YLK Chang, and MJ Miller. "Spawning migration and larval dispersal of tropical Pacific eels (Anguilla spp.) in the centre of their distribution ranges." Marine Ecology Progress Series 670 (July 22, 2021): 167–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13745.

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It is unknown how many spawning areas exist for tropical South Pacific eels (Anguilla marmorata, A. megastoma, A. obscura) populating island archipelagos between Papua New Guinea and French Polynesia. They could spawn at single centralised eastern and western locations, implying long-distance migrations by some eels, or at several local spawning areas. Larval catches, morphological and genetic investigations, and tagging experiments have provided no unequivocal answer. In this study, A. marmorata and A. megastoma were tagged with pop-up satellite archival transmitters at Samoa, in the centre o

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Beecroft, Sarah J., Andrea Cortese, Roisin Sullivan, et al. "A Māori specific RFC1 pathogenic repeat configuration in CANVAS, likely due to a founder allele." Brain 143, no. 9 (2020): 2673–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awaa203.

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Abstract Cerebellar ataxia with neuropathy and bilateral vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS) is a recently recognized neurodegenerative disease with onset in mid- to late adulthood. The genetic basis for a large proportion of Caucasian patients was recently shown to be the biallelic expansion of a pentanucleotide (AAGGG)n repeat in RFC1. Here, we describe the first instance of CANVAS genetic testing in New Zealand Māori and Cook Island Māori individuals. We show a novel, possibly population-specific CANVAS configuration (AAAGG)10-25(AAGGG)exp, which was the cause of CANVAS in all patients.

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Ma, Shaoxiu, Andy Pitman, Jiachuan Yang, et al. "Evaluating the Effectiveness of Mitigation Options on Heat Stress for Sydney, Australia." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 57, no. 2 (2018): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-17-0061.1.

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AbstractGlobal warming, in combination with the urban heat island effect, is increasing the temperature in cities. These changes increase the risk of heat stress for millions of city dwellers. Given the large populations at risk, a variety of mitigation strategies have been proposed to cool cities—including strategies that aim to reduce the ambient air temperature. This paper uses common heat stress metrics to evaluate the performance of several urban heat island mitigation strategies. The authors found that cooling via reducing net radiation or increasing irrigated vegetation in parks or on g

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Holden, C., A. Kaiser, R. Van Dissen, and R. Jury. "Sources, ground motion and structural response characteristics in Wellington of the 2013 Cook Strait earthquakes." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 46, no. 4 (2013): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.46.4.188-195.

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The Cook Strait earthquake sequence occurred in a region of known high seismicity. However, this was the strongest shaking felt in decades for the Wellington region and the top of the South Island. The location and size of the earthquake meant that the ground shaking was of rather short duration and moderate intensity, except for the epicentral region of the Lake Grassmere earthquake where a PGA of 0.7g was recorded, and for part of the Wellington foreshore where up to 0.2g was recorded in both earthquakes. The level of shaking in terms of response spectra was, in general, moderate except for

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Watts, Corinne, Danny Thornburrow, Ian Stringer, and Vanessa Cave. "Population expansion by Cook Strait giant wētā, Deinacrida rugosa (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae), following translocation to Matiu/Somes Island, New Zealand, and subsequent changes in abundance." Journal of Orthoptera Research 26, no. 2 (2017): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.21712.

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Giovannini, Lorenzo, Dino Zardi, and Massimiliano de Franceschi. "Analysis of the Urban Thermal Fingerprint of the City of Trento in the Alps." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 50, no. 5 (2011): 1145–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jamc2613.1.

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AbstractThe temperature contrasts typically marking urban heat island (UHI) effects in the city of Trento, Italy, located in an Alpine valley and inhabited in its inner urban area by a population of about 56 000, are investigated. Time series of air temperature data, collected at an urban weather station, in the city center, and at five extraurban stations are compared. The latter are representative of rural and suburban areas, both on the valley floor and on the valley sidewalls. It is found that the extraurban weather stations, being affected by different local-scale climatic conditions, dis

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Epstein, Scott A., Sang-Mi Lee, Aaron S. Katzenstein, et al. "Air-quality implications of widespread adoption of cool roofs on ozone and particulate matter in southern California." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 34 (2017): 8991–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1703560114.

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The installation of roofing materials with increased solar reflectance (i.e., “cool roofs”) can mitigate the urban heat island effect and reduce energy use. In addition, meteorological changes, along with the possibility of enhanced UV reflection from these surfaces, can have complex impacts on ozone and PM2.5 concentrations. We aim to evaluate the air-quality impacts of widespread cool-roof installations prescribed by California’s Title 24 building energy efficiency standards within the heavily populated and polluted South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB). Development of a comprehensive rooftop area d

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Bigler, Brian. "Mechanism and Occurrence of Focal Scale Resorption among Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) of the North Pacific Ocean." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 46, no. 7 (1989): 1147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f89-149.

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A recently documented scale characteristic of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) originating from Hokkaido, Japan, has been found distributed almost exclusively among stocks of Asian origin. Scales from 10 544 chum salmon collected from 25 near-shore locations throughout the North Pacific Ocean were examined. Resorption of the scale focus, including instances where an easily visible hole had been formed, was found among 10.8% of Japanese chum salmon and 15.9% of chum salmon originating from the Soviet Union. In North America, this trait was infrequent (< 0.5%) among populations north of the Al

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Kunelius, H. T. K. "Dry matter production, fibre composition and plant characteristics of cool-season grasses under two harvest systems." Journal of Agricultural Science 115, no. 3 (1990): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600075730.

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SUMMARYCultivars of Phleum pratense, Festuca pratensis, Festuca arundinacea, Dactylis glomerata and Lolium × Festuca hybrids were exposed to 4- and 3-cut harvest systems in Prince Edward Island, Canada, in 1985–87. Lolium perenne × F. pratensis, Lolium multiflorum × F. pratensis and L. multiftorum × F. arundinacea hybrids and D. glomerata had more uniform growth among the harvests than other grasses during the growing season. L. perenne × F. pratensis and L. multiflorum × F. pratensis had lower contents of neutral and acid detergent fibre than other grass cultivars, particularly early in the g

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Rankine, Jenny, Teuila Percival, Eseta Finau, et al. "Pacific Peoples, Violence, and the Power and Control Wheel." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 32, no. 18 (2015): 2777–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260515596148.

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This qualitative project was the first to study values and practices about sexual assault among migrant communities from the Cook Islands, Fiji, Niue, Samoa, Tokelau, Tonga, and Tuvalu in New Zealand. It aimed to identify customs, beliefs, and practices among these ethnic groups that were protective and preventive factors against sexual violence. Researchers were ethnically matched with 78 participants from the seven ethnic communities, and conducted individual interviews and one female focus group using protocols that were culturally appropriate for each ethnic group. Interviews were thematic

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Dekker, Damaris, Jesse Kokaua, Glenda Oben, Jean Simpson, and Rose Richards. "Are there differences within pre-school aged Pacific peoples’ hospital presentations with preventable conditions?" Pacific Health Dialog 21, no. 1 (2018): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26635/phd.2018.904.

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Aim. To describe the top five causes of preventable health conditions among Pacific children (Cook Island, Fijian, Niuean, Samoan, Tongan, Tokelauan) aged 0-4 years living in New Zealand (NZ), and to make comparisons of these rates with NZ’s population who were of neither Maori nor Pacific ethnicity (NMNP).  Method. This study is a retrospective analysis of preschool Ambulatory Sensitive Hospitalisations (ASH) by ethnicity. The data, from 2010 to 2014, was extracted from The National Minimum Dataset. Results. The top five preventable health conditions among Pacific under 5’s were a

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Isobe, Atsuhiko, Shin’ichiro Kako, and Shinsuke Iwasaki. "Synoptic-Scale Atmospheric Motions Modulated by Spring Phytoplankton Bloom in the Sea of Japan." Journal of Climate 27, no. 20 (2014): 7587–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00277.1.

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Abstract Atmospheric responses to biological heating caused by the spring phytoplankton bloom in the Sea of Japan are investigated. Sea surface temperature (SST) is first computed using a mixed-layer model with an ocean reanalysis product. Satellite-derived surface chlorophyll concentrations representing phytoplankton population are input to an equation for attenuation coefficients of solar radiation penetrating the mixed layer. Two sets of SST are obtained by this model, using the attenuation coefficients with and without phytoplankton. It is found that the phytoplankton bloom increases SST b

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Moore, Peter D. "The future of cool temperate bogs." Environmental Conservation 29, no. 1 (2002): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892902000024.

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The temperate peatlands are extensive, covering around 3.5 million km2 of land. They contain about 455 Gt of carbon, almost equivalent to the carbon stored in all of the living things on the surface of the planet, and representing around 25% of all the soil carbon on earth. These bogs are a sink for atmospheric carbon and their carbon uptake accounts for about 12% of current human emissions. They vary considerably in their form and structure and are an important resource for scientific research, including the study of past environments and climate change, and they are also valuable in environm

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