Journal articles: 'Cooking / American / Southwestern States'

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Kim, Hye-Mi, and Michael A. Alexander. "ENSO’s Modulation of Water Vapor Transport over the Pacific–North American Region." Journal of Climate 28, no. 9 (May 1, 2015): 3846–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00725.1.

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Abstract The vertically integrated water vapor transport (IVT) over the Pacific–North American sector during three phases of ENSO in boreal winter (December–February) is investigated using IVT values calculated from the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) during 1979–2010. The shift of the location and sign of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the tropical Pacific Ocean leads to different atmospheric responses and thereby changes the seasonal mean moisture transport into North America. During eastern Pacific El Niño (EPEN) events, large positive IVT anomalies extend northeastward from the subtropical Pacific into the northwestern United States following the anomalous cyclonic flow around a deeper Aleutian low, while a southward shift of the cyclonic circulation during central Pacific El Niño (CPEN) events induces the transport of moisture into the southwestern United States. In addition, moisture from the eastern tropical Pacific is transported from the deep tropical eastern Pacific into Mexico and the southwestern United States during CPEN. During La Niña (NINA), the seasonal mean IVT anomaly is opposite to that of two El Niño phases. Analyses of 6-hourly IVT anomalies indicate that there is strong moisture transport from the North Pacific into the northwestern and southwestern United States during EPEN and CPEN, respectively. The IVT is maximized on the southeastern side of a low located over the eastern North Pacific, where the low is weaker but located farther south and closer to shore during CPEN than during EPEN. Moisture enters the southwestern United States from the eastern tropical Pacific during NINA via anticyclonic circulation associated with a ridge over the southern United States.

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Utkina, L. N. "Linguocultural influence of Spanish (Latin American varieties) on American English." Язык и текст 6, no. 2 (2019): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/langt.2019060208.

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The article shows the interaction of two languages (Spanish and English) in diachrony and synchrony (the influence of Latin American Spanish on the American version of English in the last decades). The language situation in the USA is described in connection with the large number of immigrants from Latin America, as well as their cultural influence on the lifestyle of the southern and southwestern US states. On the basis of the analysis of scientific and newspaper publications, videos and Internet sites, the influence of the Spanish language and culture on the American version of the English language and the culture of the southern states of the USA is demonstrated.

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Favors, James E., and John T. Abatzoglou. "Regional Surges of Monsoonal Moisture into the Southwestern United States." Monthly Weather Review 141, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 182–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-12-00037.1.

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Abstract Episodic surges of moisture into the southwestern United States are an important attribute of the North American monsoon. Building upon prior studies that identified mesoscale gulf surges using station-based diagnostics, regional surges in monsoonal moisture are identified using precipitable water and integrated water vapor flux from the North American Regional Reanalysis. These regional surge diagnostics exhibit increased skill over gulf surge diagnostics in capturing widespread significant multiday precipitation over the state of Arizona and are associated with the northward intrusion of moisture and precipitation into the southwestern United States. Both tropical and midlatitude circulation patterns are associated with identified regional surge events. In the tropics, the passage of a tropical easterly wave across the Sierra Madre and through the Gulf of California facilitates a northeastward flux of moisture toward the southwestern United States. In midlatitudes, the breakdown and eastward shift of an upper-level ridge over the western United States ahead of an eastward-propagating trough off the Pacific Northwest coast helps destabilize the middle troposphere ahead of the easterly wave and provides a conduit for subtropical moisture advection into the interior western United States.

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Mirsky, Laura. "Restorative Justice Practices of Native American Practitioners of the Southwestern United States." Journal for Peace and Justice Studies 18, no. 1 (2009): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/peacejustice2009181/28.

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Forcehimes, Alyssa A., Kamilla L. Venner, Michael P. Bogenschutz, Kevin Foley, Meredith P. Davis, Jon M. Houck, Ericke L. Willie, and Peter Begaye. "American Indian methamphetamine and other drug use in the Southwestern United States." Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology 17, no. 4 (2011): 366–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0025431.

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Fischer, Justin W., Roger E. Joos, Melissa A. Neubaum, Jimmy D. Taylor, David L. Bergman, Dale L. Nolte, and Antoinette J. Piaggio. "Lactating North American Beavers (Castor canadensis) Sharing Dens in the Southwestern United States." Southwestern Naturalist 55, no. 2 (June 2010): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1894/tal-06.1.

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Arakawa, Fumiyasu, Christopher Nicholson, and Jeff Rasic. "The Consequences of Social Processes: Aggregate Populations, Projectile Point Accumulation, and Subsistence Patterns in the American Southwest." American Antiquity 78, no. 1 (January 2013): 147–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/0002-7316.78.1.147.

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AbstractTracking broad-scale behavioral patterns using both lithics and faunal remains offers one line of evidence for investigating both prehistoric subsistence activities and the consequences of aggregation and increases in population size. Accumulation research, which examines the ratio of projectile points to cooking pottery sherds from the same context, shows a higher ratio of projectile points in areas with lower population densities. This pattern holds true when examining faunal assemblages and large-game procurement practices from A.D. 900 to 1300 in southwestern Colorado and southeastern Utah. This research demonstrates that social processes such as aggregation and increases in population density influence human hunting strategies as much as changes in natural environment, which lead to changes in a group’s dietary regime.

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Yang, Long, James Smith, Mary Lynn Baeck, and Efrat Morin. "Flash Flooding in Arid/Semiarid Regions: Climatological Analyses of Flood-Producing Storms in Central Arizona during the North American Monsoon." Journal of Hydrometeorology 20, no. 7 (July 1, 2019): 1449–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-19-0016.1.

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Abstract Flash flooding in the arid/semiarid southwestern United States is frequently associated with convective rainfall during the North American monsoon. In this study, we examine flood-producing storms in central Arizona based on analyses of dense rain gauge observations and stream gauging records as well as North American Regional Reanalysis fields. Our storm catalog consists of 102 storm events during the period of 1988–2014. Synoptic conditions for flood-producing storms are characterized based on principal component analyses. Four dominant synoptic modes are identified, with the first two modes explaining approximately 50% of the variance of the 500-hPa geopotential height. The transitional synoptic pattern from the North American monsoon regime to midlatitude systems is a critical large-scale feature for extreme rainfall and flooding in central Arizona. Contrasting spatial rainfall organizations and storm environment under the four synoptic modes highlights the role of interactions among synoptic conditions, mesoscale processes, and complex terrains in determining space–time variability of convective activities and flash flood hazards in central Arizona. We characterize structure and evolution properties of flood-producing storms based on storm tracking algorithms and 3D radar reflectivity. Fast-moving storm elements can be important ingredients for flash floods in the arid/semiarid southwestern United States. Contrasting storm properties for cloudburst storms highlight the wide spectrum of convective intensities for extreme rain rates in the arid/semiarid southwestern United States and exhibit comparable vertical structures to their counterparts in the eastern United States.

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Smith, Ian M., and David R. Cook. "NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF NEOMAMERSINAE LUNDBLAD (ACARI: HYDRACHNIDA: LIMNESIIDAE)." Canadian Entomologist 126, no. 5 (October 1994): 1131–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent1261131-5.

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AbstractMorphological, distributional, and habitat data are presented for North American species of the three genera of the subfamily Neomamersinae, Neomamersa Lundblad, 1953, Arizonacarus gen.nov., and Meramecia Cook, 1963. Neomamersa lundbladi lundbladi Cook, N. lundbladi paucipora Cook, and N. hexapora Cook are redescribed based on examination of types and newly collected specimens, and six new species of Neomamersa from the United States are described, namely N. boultoni sp.nov., N. psammicola sp.nov., N. californica sp.nov., N. chihuahua sp.nov., N. neomexicana sp.nov., and N. cramerae sp.nov. Arizonacarus chiricahuensis gen.nov., sp.nov. is described from the southwestern United States. Meramecia (Meramecia) anisitsipalpis (Cook), M. (Meramecia) perplexa (Cook), and M. (Meramecia) ocularis (Cook) are redescribed based on study of types and newly collected specimens, and M. (Meramecia) occidentalis sp.nov. is described from the western United States. Meramecia (Parameramecia) multipora subgen.nov., sp.nov. is also described from the southwestern United States. Revised diagnoses, keys, and distribution maps are presented for all North American taxa. Phylogenetic relationships of Neomamersinae are discussed, leading to the conclusion that comprehensive reassessment of the families Limnesiidae and Anisitsiellidae is warranted. Consideration of available phylogenetic and distributional data suggests that Neomamersinae originated in Gondwanaland before the separation of India from the rest of the southern supercontinent. Subsequently, the clade evolved and diversified extensively in South America. Neomamersinae apparently first entered North America either by crossing a "filter bridge" during late Cretaceous, Paleocene, or Miocene times or by traversing the corridor established with the formation of the Panamanian Isthmus during the late Pliocene. The group exhibits considerable taxonomic diversity in hyporheic and groundwater habitats in the United States, and the various species represent potentially useful indicators of water quality and the impact of environmental changes on freshwater communities.

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Sweeney, Lauren H., Kaley Carman, Elder G. Varela, Lisa A. House, and Karla P. Shelnutt. "Cooking, Shopping, and Eating Behaviors of African American and Hispanic Families: Implications for a Culturally Appropriate Meal Kit Intervention." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 17, 2021): 9827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189827.

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Families with low incomes face barriers to preparing healthy meals, including decreased food access and limited time, and may turn to fast, low-quality, and inexpensive foods. Affordable and accessible meal kits may reduce these barriers. The objective of this study was to explore the cooking, eating, and shopping behaviors of African American (AA) and Hispanic participants living in the United States with low incomes and determine the knowledge of and preferences for a culturally appropriate meal kit intervention. Trained researchers conducted focus groups using a semi-structured questionnaire with AA and Hispanic food preparers with low incomes. Participant cooking, eating, and shopping behaviors and knowledge of and preferences for a culturally appropriate meal kit intervention were evaluated using thematic analysis. AA participants (n = 16) reported cooking on average 2 to 3 days per week and more often on weekends. Hispanic participants (n = 15) reported cooking 5 days per week and more often during the week. Both groups identified cost as the number one consideration when shopping. Most were unfamiliar with meal kits but indicated they would try an affordable meal kit. AA and Hispanic participants differed in their cooking, eating, and shopping behaviors but were equally interested in trying meal kits if affordable and culturally appropriate.

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Tarailo, David A., and David E. Fastovsky. "Post–Permo-Triassic terrestrial vertebrate recovery: southwestern United States." Paleobiology 38, no. 4 (2012): 644–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/11054.1.

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Recovery of marine biodiversity following the Permo-Triassic extinction is thought to have been delayed relative to other mass extinctions. Terrestrial vertebrate biodiversity is said to have taken as much as 15 Myr longer to recover than the marine. The present study tests, at the scale of an individual fossil community, whether a disparity in biodiversity existed in the American Southwest, between the Moenkopi Formation, containing an early Middle Triassic (Anisian) terrestrial tetrapod fauna, and the Chinle Formation, containing a successor Late Triassic (Norian) tetrapod fauna. Taking Chinle faunal biodiversity to represent full biotic recovery, comparison of taxonomic and guild diversity of faunas from similar depositional and taphonomic environments in these two formations allowed us to assess the possibility of incipient terrestrial recovery of biodiversity in the Anisian.Comparisons were made between the Holbrook Member fauna of the Moenkopi, a unit best characterized as a low-sinuosity medium- to coarse-grained fluvial deposit, and each of four Chinle stratigraphic units, representing fluvial settings from sandy low-sinuosity to muddy high-sinuosity. Three metrics were applied: generic and familial taxonomic diversity and guild diversity; these were compared by rarefaction. Simpson and Shannon diversity metrics augmented the analysis. Units of extraordinary preservation in the Chinle—the so-called blue layers—were removed from the analysis. In all tests the biodiversity of the Holbrook Member fauna is within the variation seen in Chinle faunas.If the results of our study represent global conditions, they suggest that by at least early Anisian time (∼6 Myr after the P/T extinction) biodiversity had reached levels comparable to those seen in the Late Triassic. This potentially brings the terrestrial vertebrate recovery in line with the 4–8 Myr it took for recovery in the marine realm.

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Finley, M. R., M. R. Finley, R. C. Wood, Y. P. Yee, E. Pogosian, J. L. Angel, and D. V. Espino. "Characteristics of Mexican American Elders Admitted to Skilled Nursing Facilities in The Southwestern United States." Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 12, no. 3 (March 2011): B7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2010.12.029.

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Minnis, Paul E., Michael E. Whalen, Jane H. Kelley, and Joe D. Stewart. "Prehistoric Macaw Breeding in the North American Southwest." American Antiquity 58, no. 2 (April 1993): 270–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/281969.

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The scarlet macaw (Ara macao) was an important prehistoric trade item in northern Mexico and southwestern United States. Paquimé (or Casas Grandes) in northwestern Chihuahua has been assumed to have dominated or even monopolized the macaw trade. This conclusion is a result of the fact that Paquimé is the only site with evidence of substantial macaw-breeding facilities. Two recent archaeological projects in Chihuahua indicate that macaw production was not limited to Casas Grandes. Furthermore, the political relations of production for these ritually and economically important birds differed depending on whether or not the producers were part of the complex polity centered at Casas Grandes.

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Andrade, Sally J., and Charlene Doria-Ortiz. "Nuestro Bienestar: a Mexican-American community-based definition of health promotion in the Southwestern United States." Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy 2, no. 2 (January 1995): 129–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09687639509006600.

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Bialek, Stephanie R., John T. Redd, Audrey Lynch, Tara Vogt, Sharon Lewis, Charlton Wilson, and Beth P. Bell. "Chronic Liver Disease Among Two American Indian Patient Populations in the Southwestern United States, 2000-2003." Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 42, no. 7 (August 2008): 849–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mcg.0b013e318054492a.

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Weiss, Jeremy L., Christopher L. Castro, and Jonathan T. Overpeck. "Distinguishing Pronounced Droughts in the Southwestern United States: Seasonality and Effects of Warmer Temperatures." Journal of Climate 22, no. 22 (November 15, 2009): 5918–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli2905.1.

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Abstract Higher temperatures increase the moisture-holding capacity of the atmosphere and can lead to greater atmospheric demand for evapotranspiration, especially during warmer seasons of the year. Increases in precipitation or atmospheric humidity ameliorate this enhanced demand, whereas decreases exacerbate it. In the southwestern United States (Southwest), this means the greatest changes in evapotranspirational demand resulting from higher temperatures could occur during the hot–dry foresummer and hot–wet monsoon. Here seasonal differences in surface climate observations are examined to determine how temperature and moisture conditions affected evapotranspirational demand during the pronounced Southwest droughts of the 1950s and 2000s, the latter likely influenced by warmer temperatures now attributed mostly to the buildup of greenhouse gases. In the hot–dry foresummer during the 2000s drought, much of the Southwest experienced significantly warmer temperatures that largely drove greater evapotranspirational demand. Lower atmospheric humidity at this time of year over parts of the region also allowed evapotranspirational demand to increase. Significantly warmer temperatures in the hot–wet monsoon during the more recent drought also primarily drove greater evapotranspirational demand, but only for parts of the region outside of the core North American monsoon area. Had atmospheric humidity during the more recent drought been as low as during the 1950s drought in the core North American monsoon area at this time of year, greater evapotranspirational demand during the 2000s drought could have been more spatially extensive. With projections of future climate indicating continued warming in the region, evapotranspirational demand during the hot–dry and hot–wet seasons possibly will be more severe in future droughts and result in more extreme conditions in the Southwest, a disproportionate amount negatively impacting society.

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Gruenwald, Talor, Brady A. Seals, Luke D. Knibbs, and H. Dean Hosgood. "Population Attributable Fraction of Gas Stoves and Childhood Asthma in the United States." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 1 (December 21, 2022): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010075.

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Indoor gas stove use for cooking is associated with an increased risk of current asthma among children and is prevalent in 35% of households in the United States (US). The population-level implications of gas cooking are largely unrecognized. We quantified the population attributable fraction (PAF) for gas stove use and current childhood asthma in the US. Effect sizes previously reported by meta-analyses for current asthma (Odds Ratio = 1.34, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.12–1.57) were utilized in the PAF estimations. The proportion of children (<18 years old) exposed to gas stoves was obtained from the American Housing Survey for the US, and states with available data (n = 9). We found that 12.7% (95% CI = 6.3–19.3%) of current childhood asthma in the US is attributable to gas stove use. The proportion of childhood asthma that could be theoretically prevented if gas stove use was not present (e.g., state-specific PAFs) varied by state (Illinois = 21.1%; California = 20.1%; New York = 18.8%; Massachusetts = 15.4%; Pennsylvania = 13.5%). Our results quantify the US public health burden attributed to gas stove use and childhood asthma. Further research is needed to quantify the burden experienced at the county levels, as well as the impacts of implementing mitigation strategies through intervention studies.

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Grantz, Katrina, Balaji Rajagopalan, Martyn Clark, and Edith Zagona. "Seasonal Shifts in the North American Monsoon." Journal of Climate 20, no. 9 (May 1, 2007): 1923–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli4091.1.

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Abstract Analysis is performed on the spatiotemporal attributes of North American monsoon system (NAMS) rainfall in the southwestern United States. Trends in the timing and amount of monsoon rainfall for the period 1948–2004 are examined. The timing of the monsoon cycle is tracked by identifying the Julian day when the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles of the seasonal rainfall total have accumulated. Trends are assessed using the robust Spearman rank correlation analysis and the Kendall–Theil slope estimator. Principal component analysis is used to extract the dominant spatial patterns and these are correlated with antecedent land–ocean–atmosphere variables. Results show a significant delay in the beginning, peak, and closing stages of the monsoon in recent decades. The results also show a decrease in rainfall during July and a corresponding increase in rainfall during August and September. Relating these attributes of the summer rainfall to antecedent winter–spring land and ocean conditions leads to the proposal of the following hypothesis: warmer tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and cooler northern Pacific SSTs in the antecedent winter–spring leads to wetter than normal conditions over the desert Southwest (and drier than normal conditions over the Pacific Northwest). This enhanced antecedent wetness delays the seasonal heating of the North American continent that is necessary to establish the monsoonal land–ocean temperature gradient. The delay in seasonal warming in turn delays the monsoon initiation, thus reducing rainfall during the typical early monsoon period (July) and increasing rainfall during the later months of the monsoon season (August and September). While the rainfall during the early monsoon appears to be most modulated by antecedent winter–spring Pacific SST patterns, the rainfall in the later part of the monsoon seems to be driven largely by the near-term SST conditions surrounding the monsoon region along the coast of California and the Gulf of California. The role of antecedent land and ocean conditions in modulating the following summer monsoon appears to be quite significant. This enhances the prospects for long-lead forecasts of monsoon rainfall over the southwestern United States, which could have significant implications for water resources planning and management in this water-scarce region.

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Adams, Jennifer L., and David J. Stensrud. "Impact of Tropical Easterly Waves on the North American Monsoon." Journal of Climate 20, no. 7 (April 1, 2007): 1219–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli4071.1.

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Abstract The North American monsoon (NAM) is a prominent summertime feature over northwestern Mexico and the southwestern United States. It is characterized by a distinct shift in midlevel winds from westerly to easterly as well as a sharp, marked increase in rainfall. This maximum in rainfall accounts for 60%–80% of the annual precipitation in northwestern Mexico and nearly 40% of the yearly rainfall over the southwestern United States. Gulf surges, or coastally trapped disturbances that occur over the Gulf of California, are important mechanisms in supplying the necessary moisture for the monsoon and are hypothesized in previous studies to be initiated by the passage of a tropical easterly wave (TEW). Since the actual number of TEWs varies from year to year, it is possible that TEWs are responsible for producing some of the interannual variability in the moisture flux and rainfall seen in the NAM. To explore the impact of TEWs on the NAM, four 1-month periods are chosen for study that represent a reasonable variability in TEW activity. Two continuous month-long simulations are produced for each of the selected months using the Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model. One simulation is a control run that uses the complete boundary condition data, whereas a harmonic analysis is used to remove TEWs with periods of approximately 3.5 to 7.5 days from the model boundary conditions in the second simulation. These simulations with and without TEWs in the boundary conditions are compared to determine the impact of the waves on the NAM. Fields such as meridional moisture flux, rainfall totals, and surge occurrences are examined to define similarities and differences between the model runs. Results suggest that the removal of TEWs not only reduces the strength of gulf surges, but also rearranges rainfall over the monsoon region. Results further suggest that TEWs influence rainfall over the Southern Plains of the United States, with TEWs leading to less rainfall in this region. While these results are only suggestive, since rainfall is the most difficult model forecast parameter, it may be that TEWs alone can explain part of the inverse relationship between NAM and Southern Plains rainfall.

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Ginossar, Tamar, Julian Benavidez, Zachary D. Gillooly, Aarti Kanwal Attreya, Hieu Nguyen, and Joshua Bentley. "Ethnic/Racial, Religious, and Demographic Predictors of Organ Donor Registration Status Among Young Adults in the Southwestern United States." Progress in Transplantation 27, no. 1 (September 20, 2016): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1526924816665367.

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Context and Setting: New Mexico (NM) is a minority–majority state. Despite its unique cultural characteristics and documented ethnic/racial disparities in deceased organ donation (DOD), past studies did not explore predictors of organ donor registration status (ODRS) in this state. Objectives: This study aimed at identifying demographic, cultural, and religious predictors of ODRS among a diverse sample of young adults in NM. Design: This study focused on recruitment of American Indian, Hispanic, and Asian American participants through online social network sites and university listservs. Participants (N = 602) answered an online survey. The largest racial/ethnic group included American Indians (n = 200). Main outcome measures included ODRS, demographics, religious affiliation, and open-ended question on reasons for objections to DOD. Results: Race/ethnicity, religion, and educational attainment were significant predictors of ODRS. Non-Hispanic whites (NHWs) were most likely to be registered as donors, with no significant difference between NHWs and Asians or Pacific Islanders. Non-Catholic Christians were most likely to be registered donors, followed by Catholics, practitioners of American Indian/Native American traditional religions, and Hindus, with Buddhists the least likely to register. This pattern was consistent with the propensity of individuals from these religious groups to cite religious objections to DOD. Finally, respondents who had graduated from high schools in NM were 2.3 times less likely to be registered as organ donors compared to those who had graduated in other states. Conclusion: This study provides evidence for the need for culturally tailored interventions targeting diverse communities in NM.

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Luong, Thang M., Christopher L. Castro, Hsin-I. Chang, Timothy Lahmers, David K. Adams, and Carlos A. Ochoa-Moya. "The More Extreme Nature of North American Monsoon Precipitation in the Southwestern United States as Revealed by a Historical Climatology of Simulated Severe Weather Events." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 56, no. 9 (September 2017): 2509–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-16-0358.1.

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AbstractLong-term changes in North American monsoon (NAM) precipitation intensity in the southwestern United States are evaluated through the use of convective-permitting model simulations of objectively identified severe weather events during “historical past” (1950–70) and “present day” (1991–2010) periods. Severe weather events are the days on which the highest atmospheric instability and moisture occur within a long-term regional climate simulation. Simulations of severe weather event days are performed with convective-permitting (2.5 km) grid spacing, and these simulations are compared with available observed precipitation data to evaluate the model performance and to verify any statistically significant model-simulated trends in precipitation. Statistical evaluation of precipitation extremes is performed using a peaks-over-threshold approach with a generalized Pareto distribution. A statistically significant long-term increase in atmospheric moisture and instability is associated with an increase in extreme monsoon precipitation in observations and simulations of severe weather events, corresponding to similar behavior in station-based precipitation observations in the Southwest. Precipitation is becoming more intense within the context of the diurnal cycle of convection. The largest modeled increases in extreme-event precipitation occur in central and southwestern Arizona, where mesoscale convective systems account for a majority of monsoon precipitation and where relatively large modeled increases in precipitable water occur. Therefore, it is concluded that a more favorable thermodynamic environment in the southwestern United States is facilitating stronger organized monsoon convection during at least the last 20 years.

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Stevens, Sally, Rosi Andrade, Josephine Korchmaros, and Kelly Sharron. "Intergenerational Trauma Among Substance-Using Native American, Latina, and White Mothers Living in the Southwestern United States." Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions 15, no. 1 (January 2, 2015): 6–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1533256x.2014.996648.

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Griffin-Pierce, Trudy, Nina Silverberg, Donald Connor, Minnie Jim, Jill Peters, Alfred Kaszniak, and Marwan N. Sabbagh. "Challenges to the recognition and assessment of Alzheimer's disease in American Indians of the southwestern United States." Alzheimer's & Dementia 4, no. 4 (December 21, 2007): 291–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2007.10.012.

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SMITH, IAN M., and DAVID R. COOK. "North American species of Diamphidaxona (Acari: Hydrachnida: Hygrobatidae)." Zootaxa 1279, no. 1 (August 3, 2006): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1279.1.1.

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Members of the genus Diamphidaxona Cook, 1963 are found from southeastern Canada to Argentina, with greatest diversity of species and species groups in the southwestern United States and Mexico. In this paper the three species of Diamphidaxona previously known from North America, D. pallida Cook, D. dolichosoma Cook and D. imamurai Cook, are redescribed. Eleven new species, including D. arizonica sp. nov., D. brevitarsa sp. nov., D. californica sp. nov., D. cavecreekensis sp. nov., D. chihuahua sp. nov., D. chiricahua sp. nov., D. cramerae sp. nov., D. neomexicana sp. nov., D. parvacetabula sp. nov., D. platysoma sp. nov. and D. sabinalensis sp. nov., are also described. North American species are allocated to two subgenera, the nominate subgenus and Diamphidaxonella subgen. nov., for which diagnoses are provided. New distributional data and a key for all North American species are presented.

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Deng, Kaiqiang, Song Yang, Mingfang Ting, Chundi Hu, and Mengmeng Lu. "Variations of the Mid-Pacific Trough and Their Relations to the Asian–Pacific–North American Climate: Roles of Tropical Sea Surface Temperature and Arctic Sea Ice." Journal of Climate 31, no. 6 (March 2018): 2233–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0064.1.

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The mid-Pacific trough (MPT), occurring in the upper troposphere during boreal summer, acts as an atmospheric bridge connecting the climate variations over Asia, the Pacific, and North America. The first (second) mode of empirical orthogonal function analysis of the MPT, which accounts for 20.3% (13.4%) of the total variance, reflects a change in its intensity on the southwestern (northeastern) portion of the trough. Both modes are significantly correlated with the variability of tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST). Moreover, the first mode is affected by Atlantic SST via planetary waves that originate from the North Atlantic and propagate eastward across the Eurasian continent, and the second mode is influenced by the Arctic sea ice near the Bering Strait by triggering an equatorward wave train over the northeast Pacific. A stronger MPT shown in the first mode is significantly linked to drier and warmer conditions in the Yangtze River basin, southern Japan, and the northern United States and wetter conditions in South Asia and northern China, while a stronger MPT shown in the second mode is associated with a drier and warmer southwestern United States. In addition, an intensified MPT (no matter whether in the southwestern or the northeastern portion) corresponds to more tropical cyclones (TCs) over the western North Pacific (WNP) and fewer TCs over the eastern Pacific (EP) in summer, which is associated with the MPT-induced ascending and descending motions over the WNP and the EP, respectively.

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Gustavson, Joan C., Carl R. Gustavson, and Monica P. Gabaldon. "Body-Image Dissatisfaction among American Male and Female College Students: A Computer-Based Graphical Approach." Perceptual and Motor Skills 76, no. 1 (February 1993): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1993.76.1.147.

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College students (56 women and 43 men) attending state colleges in the southwestern United States were tested for body-image dissatisfaction using a computer-based graphical body-image task. A reliable relationship between desired stature and desired body-image was observed for the women. Women of large stature showed a greater discrepancy between verbally reported desired stature and redrawn images of desired stature than women of average or smaller than average stature. No reliable discrepancy between desired body-image and verbally reported desired stature was shown by the men.

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Lim, Young-Kwon, Siegfried D. Schubert, Yehui Chang, Andrea M. Molod, and Steven Pawson. "The Impact of SST-Forced and Unforced Teleconnections on 2015/16 El Niño Winter Precipitation over the Western United States." Journal of Climate 31, no. 15 (August 2018): 5825–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0218.1.

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The factors impacting western U.S. winter precipitation during the 2015/16 El Niño are investigated using the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2), data, and simulations with the Goddard Earth Observing System, version 5 (GEOS-5), atmospheric general circulation model forced with specified sea surface temperatures (SSTs). Results reveal that the simulated response to the tropical Pacific SST associated with the 2015/16 El Niño was to produce wetter than normal conditions over much of the North American west coast including California—a result at odds with the negative precipitation anomalies observed over much of the southwestern United States. It is shown that two factors acted to partly counter the canonical ENSO response in that region. First, a potentially predictable but modest response to the unusually strong and persistent warm SST in the northeastern Pacific decreased precipitation in the southwestern United States by increasing sea level pressure, driving anticyclonic circulation and atmospheric descent, and reducing moisture transport into that region. Second, large-scale unforced (by SST) components of atmospheric variability (consisting of the leading modes of unpredictable intraensemble variability) resembling the positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation and Arctic Oscillation are found to be an important contributor to the drying over the western United States. While a statistical reconstruction of the precipitation from our simulations that account for internal atmospheric variability does much to close the gap between the ensemble-mean and observed precipitation in the southwestern United States, some differences remain, indicating that model error is also playing a role.

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Angel, Jaqueline L. "LATE-LIFE CAREGIVING IN MEXICAN AMERICAN FAMILIES." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.670.

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Abstract This study explores how sociological triangulation can be used to examine Mexican-American families in late-life caregiving. We examine the importance of household structure in providing dementia care. The movement away from traditional residential arrangements that result from neoliberal market reforms and international migration means that intergenerational relationship norms and exchanges will inevitably change and affect Mexican-American families caring for their elders. For many aging Mexican-Americans, a severe lack of resources and health limitations introduce major uncertainties about their futures. We employ the H-EPESE and Sacramento Area Longitudinal Study of Aging to document the nature, extent, and quality of dementia caregiving in the Southwestern United States. Qualitative results uncover how the changing meaning of social relationships impacts family life for older parents with dementia. Multivariate analyses reveal that the late-life migration (after 50yrs) undermines resources and opportunities for community-based care. Implications of the findings for informal and formal support are discussed.

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Wall, Christina L., Edward J. Zipser, and Chuntao Liu. "A Regional Climatology of Monsoonal Precipitation in the Southwestern United States Using TRMM." Journal of Hydrometeorology 13, no. 1 (February 1, 2012): 310–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-11-031.1.

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Abstract Using 13 yr of data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite, a regional climatology of monsoonal precipitation is created for portions of the southwest United States. The climatology created using precipitation features defined from the TRMM precipitation radar (PR) shows that the population of features includes a large number of small, weak features that do not produce much rain and are very shallow. A lesser percentage of large, stronger features contributes most of the region’s rainfall. Dividing the features into categories based on the median values of volumetric rainfall and maximum height of the 30-dBZ echo is a useful way to visualize the population of features, and the categories selected reflect the life cycle of monsoonal convection. An examination of the top rain-producing features at different elevations reveals that extreme features tend to occur at lower elevations later in the day. A comparison with the region studied in the North American Monsoon Experiment (NAME) shows that similar diurnal patterns occur in the Sierra Madre Occidental region of Mexico. The population of precipitation features in both regions is similar, with the NAME region producing slightly larger precipitation systems on average than the southwest United States. Both regions on occasion demonstrate the pattern of convection initiating at high elevations and moving downslope while growing upscale through the afternoon and evening; however, there are also days on which convection remains over the high terrain.

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Miller, Wade E. "A new species of pantodont, cf. Haplolambda simpsoni (Mammalia) from Utah." Journal of Paleontology 60, no. 5 (September 1986): 1138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000022691.

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North American pantodonts have mostly been recovered from the Rocky Mountain states. However, none has previously been accurately reported from Utah. Reference to Coryphodon was made by Cope in 1872 under the name Bathmodon, to which others (e.g., Marsh, 1876) later referred, but this probably was in error. The reported material apparently came from southwestern Wyoming rather than northeastern Utah. An undescribed coryphodontid jaw, though, has been collected from Eocene deposits in the Uinta Basin.

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Jiang, Xianan, and Ngar-Cheung Lau. "Intraseasonal Teleconnection between North American and Western North Pacific Monsoons with 20-Day Time Scale." Journal of Climate 21, no. 11 (June 1, 2008): 2664–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jcli2024.1.

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Abstract Based on a recently released, high-resolution reanalysis dataset for the North American region, the intraseasonal variability (ISV; with a time scale of about 20 days) of the North American monsoon (NAM) is examined. The rainfall signals associated with this phenomenon first emerge near the Gulf of Mexico and eastern Pacific at about 20°N. They subsequently migrate to the southwestern United States along the slope of the Sierra Madre Occidental. The rainfall quickly dissipates upon arrival at the desert region of Arizona and New Mexico (AZNM). The enhanced rainfall over AZNM is accompanied by strong southeasterly low-level flow along the Gulf of California. This pattern bears strong resemblance to the circulation related to “gulf surge” events, as documented by many studies. The southeasterly flow is associated with an anomalous low vortex over the subtropical eastern Pacific Ocean off California, and a midlatitude anticyclone over the central United States in the lower troposphere. This flow pattern is in broad agreement with that favoring the “wet surges” over the southwestern United States. It is further demonstrated that the aforementioned low-level circulations associated with ISV of the NAM are part of a prominent trans-Pacific wave train extending from the western North Pacific (WNP) to the Eastern Pacific/North America along a “great circle” path. The circulation anomalies along the axis of this wave train exhibit a barotropic vertical structure over most regions outside of the WNP, and a baroclinic structure over the WNP, thus suggesting the important role of convective activities over the WNP in sustaining this wave train. This inference is further substantiated by an analysis of the pattern of wave-activity–flux vectors. Variations in the WNP convection are correlated with the ISV of the monsoons in both North American and East Asian (EA)/WNP sectors. These relationships lead to notable teleconnections between NAM and the EA/WNP monsoon on 20-day time scales.

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Ladwig, William C., and David J. Stensrud. "Relationship between Tropical Easterly Waves and Precipitation during the North American Monsoon." Journal of Climate 22, no. 2 (January 15, 2009): 258–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2241.1.

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Abstract Relationships between tropical easterly waves (TEWs) and precipitation over Mexico and the United States are examined during the North American monsoon (NAM). The National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis data are used to identify 137 TEWs that cross Mexico north of 20°N after monsoon onset over a 31-yr period from 1975 to 2005. Mean precipitation anomalies over two-day periods both before and after TEW passage are determined using Climate Prediction Center daily precipitation analyses. Results indicate that positive precipitation anomalies occur along the west coast of Mexico and extending into the west-central United States in association with TEW passage. Negative precipitation anomalies are found in the south-central United States. These precipitation anomaly patterns share many similarities to precipitation anomaly patterns previously defined in association with gulf surge events. On longer time scales, correlations between the total number of these northern TEWs crossing Mexico and 90-day monsoon period precipitation anomalies are also examined. An out-of-phase relationship is found between monsoon period precipitation anomalies in the southwestern and south-central United States, suggesting that increasing the number of northern TEWs crossing Mexico leads to enhanced monsoon period rainfall in Arizona and New Mexico and reduced monsoon period rainfall in Texas and Oklahoma. Thus, these northern TEWs likely play an important role in producing the distribution of precipitation throughout the NAM region and the south-central United States during the monsoon season, and extended-range predictions of northern TEW frequency may lead to improved seasonal rainfall anomaly forecasts in these regions.

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Hjelle, Brian, George A. Conway, Charles North, Rima F. Khabbaz, Douglas Green, and Jonathan E. Kaplan. "Prevalence of Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type II in American Indian Populations of the Southwestern United States." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 51, no. 1 (July 1, 1994): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1994.51.11.

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34

Bárcenas, Rolando T., Julie A. Hawkins, and Fernando Chiang. "Typification of Four North American Club-Chollas:the Names of Four Engelmannian Species from Mexico and Southwestern United States." Haseltonia 17 (January 2012): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2985/1070-0048-17.1.8.

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35

Redwood, Diana, Mary C. Schumacher, Anne P. Lanier, Elizabeth D. Ferucci, Elvin Asay, Laurie J. Heizer, Lillian Tom-Orme, Sandra L. Edwards, Maureen A. Murtaugh, and Martha L. Slattery. "Physical Activity Patterns of American Indian and Alaskan Native People Living in Alaska and the Southwestern United States." American Journal of Health Promotion 23, no. 6 (July 2009): 388–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/ajhp.071211130.

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36

Swaim, Randall C., Jeffrey C. Wayman, and Julie Chen. "Alcohol Use Among Mexican American and Non-Hispanic White 7th-12th-Grade Students in the Southwestern United States." Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse 14, no. 2 (November 11, 2004): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j029v14n02_01.

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37

Riaz, Summaira, Alan C. Tenscher, Claire C. Heinitz, Karla G. Huerta-Acosta, and M. Andrew Walker. "Genetic analysis reveals an east-west divide within North American Vitis species that mirrors their resistance to Pierce’s disease." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 18, 2020): e0243445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243445.

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Pierce’s disease (PD) caused by the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa is a deadly disease of grapevines. This study used 20 SSR markers to genotype 326 accessions of grape species collected from the southeastern and southwestern United States, Mexico and Costa Rica. Two hundred sixty-six of these accessions, and an additional 12 PD resistant hybrid cultivars developed from southeastern US grape species, were evaluated for PD resistance. Disease resistance was evaluated by quantifying the level of bacteria in stems and measuring PD symptoms on the canes and leaves. Both Bayesian clustering and principal coordinate analyses identified two groups with an east-west divide: group 1 consisted of grape species from the southeastern US and Mexico, and group 2 consisted of accessions collected from the southwestern US and Mexico. The Sierra Madre Oriental mountain range appeared to be a phylogeographic barrier. The state of Texas was identified as a potential hybridization zone. The hierarchal STRUCTURE analysis on each group showed clustering of unique grape species. An east-west divide was also observed for PD resistance. With the exception of Vitis candicans and V. cinerea accessions collected from Mexico, all other grape species as well as the resistant southeastern hybrid cultivars were susceptible to the disease. Southwestern US grape accessions from drier desert regions showed stronger resistance to the disease. Strong PD resistance was observed within three distinct genetic clusters of V. arizonica which is adapted to drier environments and hybridizes freely with other species across its wide range.

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Seager, Richard, and Martin Hoerling. "Atmosphere and Ocean Origins of North American Droughts*." Journal of Climate 27, no. 12 (June 5, 2014): 4581–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00329.1.

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Abstract The atmospheric and oceanic causes of North American droughts are examined using observations and ensemble climate simulations. The models indicate that oceanic forcing of annual mean precipitation variability accounts for up to 40% of total variance in northeastern Mexico, the southern Great Plains, and the Gulf Coast states but less than 10% in central and eastern Canada. Observations and models indicate robust tropical Pacific and tropical North Atlantic forcing of annual mean precipitation and soil moisture with the most heavily influenced areas being in southwestern North America and the southern Great Plains. In these regions, individual wet and dry years, droughts, and decadal variations are well reproduced in atmosphere models forced by observed SSTs. Oceanic forcing was important in causing multiyear droughts in the 1950s and at the turn of the twenty-first century, although a similar ocean configuration in the 1970s was not associated with drought owing to an overwhelming influence of internal atmospheric variability. Up to half of the soil moisture deficits during severe droughts in the southeast United States in 2000, Texas in 2011, and the central Great Plains in 2012 were related to SST forcing, although SST forcing was an insignificant factor for northern Great Plains drought in 1988. During the early twenty-first century, natural decadal swings in tropical Pacific and North Atlantic SSTs have contributed to a dry regime for the United States. Long-term changes caused by increasing trace gas concentrations are now contributing to a modest signal of soil moisture depletion, mainly over the U.S. Southwest, thereby prolonging the duration and severity of naturally occurring droughts.

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Suchy-Dicey, Astrid M., Dean Shibata, Lyle G. Best, Steven P. Verney, William T. Longstreth, Jr., Elisa T. Lee, Peter M. Okin, et al. "Cranial Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Elderly American Indians: Design, Methods, and Implementation of the Cerebrovascular Disease and Its Consequences in American Indians Study." Neuroepidemiology 47, no. 2 (2016): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000443277.

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The Cerebrovascular Disease and its Consequences in American Indians (CDCAI) Study recruited surviving members of a 20-year, longitudinal, population-based cohort of American Indians focused on cardiovascular disease, its risk factors, and its consequences. The goal of the CDCAI Study is to characterize the burden, risk factors, and manifestations of vascular brain injury identified on cranial MRI. The CDCAI Study investigators enrolled 1,033 participants aged 60 and older from 11 American Indian communities and tribes in the Northern Plains, Southern Plains, and Southwestern United States. In addition to cranial MRI performed according to standardized protocols, participants underwent extensive medical interview, clinical examination, neurocognitive testing, physical function evaluation, electrocardiogram, and provided blood and urine specimens. Participants also self-administered questionnaires covering demographics, quality of life, and medical history. This report describes the design, implementation, and some of the unique challenges of this study and data collection.

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Bubíková, Šárka. "Ethnicity and Social Critique in Tony Hilleman’s Crime Fiction." Prague Journal of English Studies 5, no. 1 (July 1, 2016): 141–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjes-2016-0008.

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Abstract American mystery writer Tony Hillerman (1925-2008) achieved wide readership both within the United States and abroad, and, significantly, within the US both among white Americans and Native Americans. This article discusses Hillerman’s detective fiction firstly within the tradition of the genre and then focuses on particular themes and literary means the writer employs in order to disseminate knowledge about the Southwestern nations (tribes) among his readers using the framework of mystery (crime) fiction. Hillerman’s two literary detectives Lieutenant Joe Leaphorn and Sergeant Jim Chee, both of the Navajo Tribal Police, are analyzed and contrasted with female characters. Finally, the article analyzes the ways in which Hillerman makes the detectives’ intimate knowledge of the traditions, beliefs and rituals of the southwestern tribes and of the rough beauty of the landscape central to the novels’ plots, and how he presents cultural information.

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Blanchard, David O. "Supercells in Environments with Atypical Hodographs." Weather and Forecasting 26, no. 6 (December 1, 2011): 1075–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-11-00012.1.

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Abstract An unusual severe weather event with supercell thunderstorms developed across portions of northern Arizona in the midst of the warm-season North American monsoon—a regime characteristically dominated by a subtropical upper-level high over the southwestern United States. The approach of a midlatitude, cold-core, upper-level low brought an environment of enhanced shear and increased instability supportive of supercells. This atypical system is described and how a correct interpretation of the winds and hodograph would allow a forecaster to maintain situational awareness is discussed.

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Barnosky, Anthony D., Emily L. Lindsey, Natalia A. Villavicencio, Enrique Bostelmann, Elizabeth A. Hadly, James Wanket, and Charles R. Marshall. "Variable impact of late-Quaternary megafaunal extinction in causing ecological state shifts in North and South America." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 4 (October 26, 2015): 856–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1505295112.

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Loss of megafauna, an aspect of defaunation, can precipitate many ecological changes over short time scales. We examine whether megafauna loss can also explain features of lasting ecological state shifts that occurred as the Pleistocene gave way to the Holocene. We compare ecological impacts of late-Quaternary megafauna extinction in five American regions: southwestern Patagonia, the Pampas, northeastern United States, northwestern United States, and Beringia. We find that major ecological state shifts were consistent with expectations of defaunation in North American sites but not in South American ones. The differential responses highlight two factors necessary for defaunation to trigger lasting ecological state shifts discernable in the fossil record: (i) lost megafauna need to have been effective ecosystem engineers, like proboscideans; and (ii) historical contingencies must have provided the ecosystem with plant species likely to respond to megafaunal loss. These findings help in identifying modern ecosystems that are most at risk for disappearing should current pressures on the ecosystems’ large animals continue and highlight the critical role of both individual species ecologies and ecosystem context in predicting the lasting impacts of defaunation currently underway.

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Johnson, Richard H., Paul E. Ciesielski, Brian D. McNoldy, Peter J. Rogers, and Richard K. Taft. "Multiscale Variability of the Flow during the North American Monsoon Experiment." Journal of Climate 20, no. 9 (May 1, 2007): 1628–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli4087.1.

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Abstract The 2004 North American Monsoon Experiment (NAME) provided an unprecedented observing network for studying the structure and evolution of the North American monsoon. This paper focuses on multiscale characteristics of the flow during NAME from the large scale to the mesoscale using atmospheric sounding data from the enhanced observing network. The onset of the 2004 summer monsoon over the NAME region accompanied the typical northward shift of the upper-level anticyclone or monsoon high over northern Mexico into the southwestern United States, but in 2004 this shift occurred slightly later than normal and the monsoon high did not extend as far north as usual. Consequently, precipitation over the southwestern United States was slightly below normal, although increased troughiness over the Great Plains contributed to increased rainfall over eastern New Mexico and western Texas. The first major pulse of moisture into the Southwest occurred around 13 July in association with a strong Gulf of California surge. This surge was linked to the westward passages of Tropical Storm Blas to the south and an upper-level inverted trough over northern Texas. The development of Blas appeared to be favored as an easterly wave moved into the eastern Pacific during the active phase of a Madden–Julian oscillation. On the regional scale, sounding data reveal a prominent sea breeze along the east shore of the Gulf of California, with a deep return flow as a consequence of the elevated Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO) immediately to the east. Subsidence produced a dry layer over the gulf, whereas a deep moist layer existed over the west slopes of the SMO. A prominent nocturnal low-level jet was present on most days over the northern gulf. The diurnal cycle of heating and moistening (Q1 and Q2) over the SMO was characterized by deep convective profiles in the mid- to upper troposphere at 1800 LT, followed by stratiform-like profiles at midnight, consistent with the observed diurnal evolution of precipitation over this coastal mountainous region. The analyses in the core NAME domain are based on a gridded dataset derived from atmospheric soundings only and, therefore, should prove useful in validating reanalyses and regional models.

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Hayes, Endia Louise, and Norah MacKendrick. "“Leave No Stone Unturned”." Gastronomica 22, no. 2 (2022): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2022.22.2.64.

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African American foodways have historically shared many of the same imperatives prized by writers, experts, and pundits concerned with making food systems more sustainable—namely, encouraging farm-to-table food distribution networks, using “natural” or low-impact agricultural methods, and inspiring scratch cooking with local, fresh ingredients. Contemporary writing about sustainable food and agriculture in the United States locates the origins of this movement in Europe and northern California. In this article, we challenge this conceptualization by presenting what we call the “food imaginaries” of three key historical figures: George Washington Carver, Fannie Lou Hamer, and Edna Lewis. These imaginaries not only reflect the knowledge constructions of a social group and map future possibilities through foodways but also challenge damaging narratives about African American food histories, particularly across the south. We find that these imaginaries envision food as a pathway to freedom, autonomy, pleasure, and joy, and tell greater stories of how “organic” and “natural” falters when imagined outside of Blackness. These imaginaries, we argue, are central to American agricultural and political histories, and have important implications for sustainability and food justice movements in the United States.

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Markides, K. S., L. A. Ray, C. A. Stroup-Benham, and F. Treviño. "Acculturation and alcohol consumption in the Mexican American population of the southwestern United States: findings from HHANES 1982-84." American Journal of Public Health 80, Suppl (December 1990): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.80.suppl.42.

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Schumacher, Catherine, Elizabeth D. Ferucci, Anne P. Lanier, Martha L. Slattery, Cynthia D. Schraer, Terry W. Raymer, Denise Dillard, Maureen A. Murtaugh, and Lillian Tom-Orme. "Metabolic Syndrome: Prevalence among American Indian and Alaska Native People Living in the Southwestern United States and in Alaska." Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders 6, no. 4 (December 2008): 267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/met.2008.0021.

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Espino, David V., Jeanette Silva Ross, S. Liliana Oakes, Johanna Becho, and Robert C. Wood. "Characteristics of hip fractures among hospitalized elder Mexican American Black and White Medicare beneficiaries in the Southwestern United States." Aging Clinical and Experimental Research 20, no. 4 (August 2008): 344–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03324866.

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PHILLIPS, ROBERT A., WILLIAM L. GROGAN, and BRADLEY A. MULLENS. "A new synonym of the biting midge, Culicoides bottimeri Wirth, with a redescription, new distribution records and seasonal activity data (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)." Zootaxa 1122, no. 1 (February 2, 2006): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1122.1.3.

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We provide evidence that the North American biting midge, Culicoides multidentatus Atchley & Wirth, is a junior objective synonym of C. bottimeri Wirth (new synonym). A detailed comparison of paratypes of both species with recently collected specimens from California and Utah revealed that only one species is represented in the southwestern United States. Also provided are redescriptions, illustrations, and photographs of key characters of both sexes of C. bottimeri, as well as new distribution records from California and Utah (new state record), and seasonal activity data from Utah.

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Winham, Donna M., Elizabeth D. Davitt, Michelle M. Heer, and Mack C. Shelley. "Pulse Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, and Cooking Experience of Midwestern US University Students." Nutrients 12, no. 11 (November 13, 2020): 3499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12113499.

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Many American college students fail to meet dietary guideline recommendations for fruits, vegetables, and fiber. Pulses are a subgroup of legumes, harvested solely for dry grain seeds within a pod. Commonly consumed pulses include dry beans, dry peas, lentils, and chickpeas. Pulses are high in shortfall nutrients and could fill some nutritional gaps of college students. However, little is known about pulse intakes among young adults. The study aims were: (1) to identify knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding pulse consumption; and (2) to describe experiences of preparing dry pulses among college students. A convenience sample of 1433 students aged 18–30 enrolled at a Midwestern university in the United States completed an online survey in April 2020. Demographic and attitude variables were compared by the monthly count of pulse types eaten using chi-square, analysis of variance, and logistic regression modeling to predict pulse type intakes. Higher numbers of pulse types eaten was associated with being White, vegetarian/vegan, higher cooking self-efficacy, positive attitudes toward pulses, and greater daily intake of fruits, vegetables, and fiber. Knowledge and experience of cooking dry pulses was low, with canned pulses purchased more often. College students may not be consuming pulses due to unfamiliarity with them, low knowledge of nutrition benefits, and a general lack of cooking self-efficacy. Increased familiarization and promotion surrounding pulses may increase their consumption.

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Risanto, Christoforus Bayu, Christopher L. Castro, James M. Moker, Avelino F. Arellano, David K. Adams, Lourdes M. Fierro, and Carlos M. Minjarez Sosa. "Evaluating Forecast Skills of Moisture from Convective-Permitting WRF-ARW Model during 2017 North American Monsoon Season." Atmosphere 10, no. 11 (November 11, 2019): 694. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10110694.

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This paper examines the ability of the Weather Research and Forecasting model forecast to simulate moisture and precipitation during the North American Monsoon GPS Hydrometeorological Network field campaign that took place in 2017. A convective-permitting model configuration performs daily weather forecast simulations for northwestern Mexico and southwestern United States. Model precipitable water vapor (PWV) exhibits wet biases greater than 0.5 mm at the initial forecast hour, and its diurnal cycle is out of phase with time, compared to observations. As a result, the model initiates and terminates precipitation earlier than the satellite and rain gauge measurements, underestimates the westward propagation of the convective systems, and exhibits relatively low forecast skills on the days where strong synoptic-scale forcing features are absent. Sensitivity analysis shows that model PWV in the domain is sensitive to changes in initial PWV at coastal sites, whereas the model precipitation and moisture flux convergence (QCONV) are sensitive to changes in initial PWV at the mountainous sites. Improving the initial physical states, such as PWV, potentially increases the forecast skills.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cooking / American / Southwestern States'

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