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M. Rashid, Israa, Mohammed A. Atiya, and B. H. Hameed. "Production of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil using Cao-Egg Shell Waste Derived Heterogeneous Catalyst." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 6, no. 11 (November 5, 2017): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/art20177723.
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Syirah Murandawi, M. Luthfi, Fajri Jakfar, and Mustafa Mustafa. "Analsisi Elastisitas Permintaan Konsumen Rumah Tangga Terhadap Telur Ayam Ras di Kota Banda Aceh." Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 3, no. 3 (August 1, 2018): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v3i3.8108.
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Abstract. Chicken Eggs Demand race in Banda Aceh city influenced by the price of eggs, the price of fish, cooking oil prices, income and number of dependents. This study aims to look at the demand for chicken eggs dipengaruhhi by the price of eggs, the price of fish, cooking oil prices, income and number of dependents, and to see the price elasticity, cross elasticity and income elasticity. Withdrawal of samples obtained by the method of proportional stratified random samplingin Banda Aceh where for high income states 25, middle 65 and lower 33 samples. The technique is passed on this peneitian with Multiple Linear Regression. The results of this study show the price of eggs, the price of fish, cooking oil prices, income and number of dependents significant effect simultaneously, and the price elasticity of its elastic for medium and low, while high-inelastic, the cross elasticity of substitution for fish and complementary to cooking oil, and for its income elasticity of eggs belonging to inferior goodsAnalysis of elasticity of demand for eggs in banda aceh cityAbstract. Demand for Chicken Eggs in the city of banda aceh is influenced by the price of eggs, the price of the egg, the price of cooking oil, the income and the number of dependents. This study aims to see the demand for chicken eggs influenced by the price of eggs, the price of the village egg, the price of cooking oil, the income and the number of dependents and to see the price elasticity, cross elasticity and income elasticity. Sampling was obtained by multi stage cluster random sampling method in Kota Banda Aceh with a sample of 46 family heads. Techniques performed on this study with Multiple Linear Regression. The results of this study indicate the price of eggs, the price of eggs, the price of cooking oil, the income and the number of dependents have a significant effect simultaneously, while partially only the price of eggs, the price of cooking oil and the number of dependents that have real effect, and elasticity of its price elastic , cross-substitution elasticity for chicken eggs and complementary for cooking oil, and for his income elasticity of chicken eggs belonging to normal goods.
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Setiadi, Agus, and Irham Irham. "Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Permintaan Man Terpilih di Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta(Analyze of The Factors that Influence Demand of Special Fishery Product in Yogyakarta Special Region Province." Agro Ekonomi 10, no. 2 (November 29, 2016): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/agroekonomi.16776.
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This experiment was conducted to determine factors that influence the demand of spesial fishery product in Yogyakarta Spesial Region Province. This experiment was used freshwater catfish and tuna small fish as object of experiment. Factors involved in demand function of tuna small fish in Yogyakarta Special Region Province are own price, freshwater catfish price, rice price, soybean price, cooking oil price, chicken price, egg chicken price, goat meat price, income percapita, inhabitant of Yogyakarta Spesial Region Province, dummy variable (0=non crisis period, 1=crisis peeriod) and freshwater fish price. Factors were analyze demand function of freshwater catfish are own price, tuna small price, rice price, soybean price, cooking oil price, chicken price, egg chicken price, goat meat price, inhabitant Yogyakarta Spesial Region Province, income percapita, dummy variable (0=non crisis period, 1=crisis peeriod) and freshwater fish price The conclusion result taken out from this study may contribute fishers a contructive information to become a base of opinion on demand of fishery product in Yogyakarta Spesial Region Province.It use secondary time series datas, datas taken from the the fishery service statistic of the Yogyakarta Spesial Region Province and Biro of Statistic Center Yogyakarta Spesial Region Province, datas which are produced along the period 1980-2000. Analyze model applied here is the demand function expressed in ordinary least square (OLS) by natural logarithm (ln).The conclusion result shown that the function demand of tuna small fish was significantly influence by own price, freshwater catfish, and cooking oil price while freshwater fish, chicken meat price, chicken egg price, rice price, income percapita and dummy variabel are not influence demand function of tuna small fish significantly. Cross elasticity of freshwater catfish and cooking oil are positive so freshwater catfish and cooking oil are subtitute to tuna small fish.The conclusion result shown that the demand function of freshwater catfish was significantly influence by own price, tuna small fish price, chicken meat price, goat meat price and chicken egg price while the others factors i.e cooking oil price, soybean price, inhabitant Yogyakarta Spesial Region Province, income percapita and dummy variable are not significantly influence the demand function of freshwater catfish. Cross elasticity of chicken meat, goat meat, chicken egg, and tuna small fish are positive so chicken meat, goat meat, chicken egg, and tuna small fish are subtitute to freshwater catfish.
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Villamor, Eduardo, Constanza Marín, Mercedes Mora-Plazas, Mia Casale, Luz N. Vargas, and Ana Baylin. "Cooking with soyabean oil increases whole-blood α-linolenic acid in school-aged children: results from a randomized trial." Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 18 (March 25, 2015): 3420–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980015000762.
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AbstractObjectiveSupply of essential n-3 PUFA is limited worldwide. While fish-oil supplementation effectively improves n-3 PUFA status, it may not be a sustainable intervention. The use of α-linolenic acid (ALA)-rich cooking oils in the household may be a suitable alternative but its effect on PUFA status is unclear. We aimed to compare the effect of providing families with soyabean oil, an ALA-rich cooking oil, v. sunflower oil on whole-blood PUFA levels of children aged 11–18 years.DesignIn a randomized, masked, parallel trial, we assigned families to receive a one-month supply of either soyabean or sunflower oil. Fatty acid concentrations were quantified in whole-blood samples obtained from the children before and at the end of the intervention. Changes in fatty acids were compared between treatment arms with use of linear regression for repeated measures.SubjectsSixty low- and middle-income families.SettingBogotá, Colombia.ResultsSoyabean oil significantly increased ALA concentrations by 0·05 percentage points of total serum fatty acids whereas sunflower oil decreased them by 0·12 percentage points (soyabean v. sunflower oil effect=0·17; 95 % CI 0·11, 0·24). Concentrations of both n-3 and n-6 very-long-chain PUFA, including docosapentaenoic acid, DHA, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid, increased significantly in both intervention arms. Levels of oleic acid and palmitic acid decreased, irrespective of oil assignment. Total energy or energy intake from saturated fat did not change.ConclusionsReplacing cooking oils at the household level is an effective intervention to improve essential PUFA status of children.
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Handayani, Kusuma, Mohamad Kanedi, Salman Farisi, and Wawan Abdullah S. "Pelatihan pengolahan minyak jelantah menjadi sabun cuci untuk pemberdayaan ibu-ibu PKK di Bandar Lampung." Unri Conference Series: Community Engagement 2 (November 19, 2020): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/unricsce.2.123-127.
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Minyak jelantah (mijel) is known in Indonesia as waste cooking oil. Even though it is a waste, mijel is still used by consumers for savings. The problem is, if it is used repeatedly more than three times, mijel can cause health problems. In addition to health hazards, if discharged through water channels, it can cause environmental pollution. Lack of public knowledge about the dangers of using the mijel in the end will have a negative impact. To educate the public about the health-risks of using mijel, we held a short training for housewives in Kelurahan Tanjung Agung, Bandar Lampung on July 22, 2020. This training provided the targeted housewives with the knowledge and skills to process the waste cooking oil into laundry soap. The purpose of this activity was to educate and provide training to the community, especially PKK women who interact directly with the use of mijel, about the dangers of mijel and how to manage it. PKK women who participated in the training seemed interested and understood the explanation described, this can be seen from the increase in the average pretest score from 55.7 to 81.3 at posttest. The benefits obtained by the participants are: 1) Understanding that using mijel more than three times can cause health problems for consumers. 2) Processing of waste cooking oil to laundry soap can reduce pollution in the aquatic environment.3) Laundry soap made from waste cooking oil can be a source of family income.
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Lin, Chern-Sheng, Yu-Ching Pan, Yu-Xin Kuo, Ching-Kun Chen, and Chuen-Lin Tien. "A Study of Automatic Judgment of Food Color and Cooking Conditions with Artificial Intelligence Technology." Processes 9, no. 7 (June 29, 2021): 1128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9071128.
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In this study, the machine vision and artificial intelligence algorithms were used to rapidly check the degree of cooking of foods and avoid the over-cooking of foods. Using a smart induction cooker for heating, the image processing program automatically recognizes the color of the food before and after cooking. The new cooking parameters were used to identify the cooking conditions of the food when it is undercooked, cooked, and overcooked. In the research, the camera was used in combination with the software for development, and the real-time image processing technology was used to obtain the information of the color of the food, and through calculation parameters, the cooking status of the food was monitored. In the second year, using the color space conversion, a novel algorithm, and artificial intelligence, the foreground segmentation was used to separate the vegetables from the background, and the cooking ripeness, cooking unevenness, oil glossiness, and sauce absorption were calculated. The image color difference and the distribution were used to judge the cooking conditions of the food, so that the cooking system can identify whether or not to adopt partial tumbling, or to end a cooking operation. A novel artificial intelligence algorithm is used in the relative field, and the error rate can be reduced to 3%. This work will significantly help researchers working in the advanced cooking devices.
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Primadi, Thutug Rahadiant, Fauziatul Fajaroh, Aman Santoso, Nazriati, and Endang Ciptawati. "Synthesis of CaO@CoFe2O4 Nanoparticles and its Application as a Catalyst for Biodiesel Production from Used Cooking Oil." Key Engineering Materials 851 (July 2020): 184–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.851.184.
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Until now, used cooking oil (jelantah) has not been utilized optimally. This study seeks to convert this waste into biodiesel. Used cooking oil usually contains high concentration of free fatty acids which can be converted into methyl esters through trans-esterification by methanol. This effort is in line with the increasing need for renewable energy sources. Because the waste still contains high concentrations of free fatty acids, it is necessary to think about the right process and catalyst in converting it as biodiesel. One heterogeneous catalyst that is thought to excel in biodiesel production is ferrite-based nanocomposites, namely CaO@CoFe2O4 nanoparticles. The advantages of this catalyst are: it has high reactivity, thermal and chemical stability, and can be drawn by magnetic fields. This last property facilitates the catalyst isolation at the end of the process for recycling purposes. The catalytic power is expected to increase through impregnation with alkaline earth metal oxides which have a relatively high basicity, namely CaO. The purpose of this study was to synthesize and to characterize CaO@CoFe2O4, then to study its potential catalytic in biodiesel production from used cooking oil in various weight percent of catalyst. The main steps include: (1) synthesis of CoFe2O4 by coprecipitation; (2) Impregnation of CaO into CoFe2O4 and converted to CaO@CoFe2O4; (3) Characterization of the synthesized material by XRD, BET, and SEM/EDX; (4) application of CaO@CoFe2O4 in biodiesel production from used cooking oil; (5) characterization of biodiesel produced by viscosity measurement, yield and GC-MS analysis results. Based on the results of XRD and SEM/EDX analysis, the CaO@ CoFe2O4 catalyst has been successfully synthesized. Under optimal conditions, the yield of methyl ester produced with the addition of 2% of catalyst was 80.62%.
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Chhabra, Anupriya, Alka Bhatia, Anil Kumar Ram, and Sumit Goel. "Increased advanced glycation end product specific fluorescence in repeatedly heated used cooking oil." Journal of Food Science and Technology 54, no. 8 (May 29, 2017): 2602–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13197-017-2682-9.
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Kumar Baral, Prodip, Md Aqib Hossain Khan, Md Prince Mahmud, and Sakina Sultana. "Approaches Undertaken for Betterment of Stability and Acceptability of Cooking Soybean Oil." Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics 54, no. 4 (October 12, 2017): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.21048/ijnd.2017.54.4.15929.
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In the present study storage conditions ensuring better stability of Soybean oil over a period of 180 days were investigated. The study was carried out on 12 samples (4x3) of three brands namely brand A, B and C. After periodic interval of time ‘acid value’ and ‘peroxide value’ for each sample were determined. The result showed that in every case, darkness decreased degradation in oil over the normal condition over the period of experiments. Results were expressed in terms of acid value and peroxide value. For example peroxide values for samples of brand A stored under normal condition and in the dark were 0.88 on first day where the value came up to 128.64 and 33.3 at the end of 180 days respectively. The trend remained the same for the samples of brand B and brand C. In this study an attempt was made to decrease autooxidation in oils when vitamin E was added (1 ml of 200IU d-α-tocopherol per 100 ml of oil). Samples with and without vitamin E were stored under normal condition and in the dark. Results were expressed in terms of peroxide values. Results failed to show a clear trend of decreasing auto oxidation at the end of 180 days irrespective of the nature of storing condition.
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Ramlan, Nur Atiqah, Mohd Herzwan Hamzah, Nur Fauziah Jaharudin, Abdul Adam Abdullah, and Rizalman Mamat. "Analysis of Diesel Engine Performance Fueled with Waste Cooking Oil." Applied Mechanics and Materials 465-466 (December 2013): 418–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.465-466.418.
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Waste cooking oil (WCO) is one of the economical and easiest sources for biodiesel production. The use of WCO in diesel engine is sustainable if they can perform similarly to diesel fuel. Therefore, this paper presents the performance and combustion characteristics of a single cylinder diesel engine fueled with biodiesel from WCO and compared with diesel fuel. In this study, the WCO was blended with diesel fuel at 5% and 10% blending ratio and named as B5 and B10 respectively. The experiment has been conducted at variable engine speed, constant load and at compression ratios of 17.7. The performance parameters that have been analyzed in this experiment were engine power, torque and in-cylinder pressure. In the end, results show that the engine performance of B5 and B10 was slightly similar to diesel fuel and can be used as a diesels substitute.
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Goembira, Fadjar, and Taufiq Ihsan. "JATROPHA CURCAS PLANT AS A POTENTIAL BIODIESEL FEEDSTOCK IN INDONESIA." Jurnal Dampak 10, no. 2 (July 1, 2013): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/dampak.10.2.94-103.2013.
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One of the alternatives for biodiesel feedstock is oil from Jatropha curcas plant. The advantages ofusing this plant are due to its ability to grow in poor soils, different parts of the plant can also be usedfor different purposes, the by products of biodiesel productions have economic values, and biodiesel ismore environmentally friendly when it is being produced and being used, compared to mineral derivedoils. Although Indonesia has another alternative raw material for biodiesel production, i.e. palm oil,however the use of palm oil will affect its supply for the other sectors that have already established,e.g. for producing cooking oils. This situation will not happen to Jatropha curcas oil, due to itsinedible characteristic.Keywords: Biodiesel, Jatropha curcas, Indonesia
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Nameni, Rosine O., Cerile Y. Woumbo, Anne P. N. Kengne, Ronice Zokou, Florian A. Tekou, Philippe T. Nguekouo, Patrick F. Dongmo, and Dieudonne Kuate. "Effects of stifled cooking on the quality and lipid-lowering potential of oils extracted from two species of pumpkin seeds (Citrullus lanatus and Cucumeropsis mannii)." Investigational Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology 4, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31183/imcp.2020.00047.
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Abstract Background: Hyperlipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Cucumeropsis mannii and Citrullus lanatus commonly called pumpkin seeds or egussi, the oil-rich seeds, have already demonstrated hypolipidemic activity. In Africa, these seeds are popularly used in the preparation of local foods. During that thermal process, the fatty acid content of pumpkin seeds’ oils may be altered in their functionality. Thus, this work aims at studying the effect of stifled cooking on the quality and the lipid-lowering potential of oils’ extracts from Citrullus lanatus (CL) and Cucumeropsis mannii (CM). Methods: The oils were extracted from the pumpkin seeds (raw and cooked) by a mixture of chloroform and methanol (2/1). The acid, iodine, peroxide and thiobarbituric acid value of the oils were assessed. For 28 days, the oils were subsequently administered by oral intubation to high-fat diet induced hyperlipidemic rats. At the end of the experimentation, the lipid profile, the markers of the hepatic and kidney function were determined. Results: The oils extracted from raw CL and CM significantly reduced (p˂0,05) serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, uric acid, serum transaminases, creatinine, urea and increases the serum High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)cholesterol level relative to the oils extracted from cooked CM and CL. Moreover, the oil from cooked CL significantly (p<0.05) reduced some lipid profile and toxicity parameters (triglycerides and Alanine animotransferase) while increasing the serum HDL compared to the oil extracted from cooked CM. On the other hand, all the quality parameters of the raw materials followed the limits for vegetable oils, as opposed to cooked samples. Conclusion: Stifled cooking affects the lipid-lowering potential of CM oil compared to that of CL oil. Keywords: Citrullus lanatus; Cucumeropsis mannii; Cucurbitaceae, Hyperlipidemia, Stifled cooking.
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Wembabazi, Enoch, Patrick Joram Mugisha, Asumani Ratibu, Deborah Wendiro, Joseph Kyambadde, and Peter California Vuzi. "Spectroscopic Analysis of Heterogeneous Biocatalysts for Biodiesel Production from Expired Sunflower Cooking Oil." Journal of Spectroscopy 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/714396.
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The study characterized heterogeneous biocatalyst synthesized from sucrose, saw dust, and chicken egg shells using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy coupled with Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) technique. Acidic sulphonate (–SO3H) groups were more visible in the spectrum generated for carbonized and sulphonated sucrose than in carbonized and sulphonated saw dust. This was highlighted further by the significantly higher conversion percentage achieved for sulphonated sucrose (62.5%) than sulphonated saw dust (46.6%) during esterification of expired sunflower oil (p=0.05). The spectra for calcinated egg shells also showed that the most active form of calcium oxide was produced at calcination temperature of 1000°C. This was confirmed in the single-step transesterification reaction in which calcium oxide generated at 1000°C yielded the highest biodiesel (87.8%) from expired sunflower oil. The study further demonstrated the versatility of the FTIR technique in qualitative analysis of biodiesel and regular diesel by confirming the presence of specific characteristic peaks of diagnostic importance. These findings therefore highlight the potential of FTIR-ATR as an inexpensive, fast, and accurate diagnostic means for easy identification and characterization of different materials and products.
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Nam, Kyungsoo, Heesun Lim, and Byeong-il Ahn. "Information Values on the Consumer’s Valuation of non-GM Material: The Case of Cooking Oil in Korea." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (September 23, 2020): 7876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12197876.
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This paper analyzes the changes in consumer preference that may occur when the current Genetically Modified (GM) crops policy is strengthened by applying mandatory labeling to all processed food that uses GM crops as raw materials. We estimate the change in consumers’ willingness to pays for cooking oil before and after providing the information on GM raw material contained in the currently marketed cooking oil to consumers. To this end, a hypothetical cooking oil product using non-GM raw materials is set up, and consumers are classified into high and low awareness groups for genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and those who prefer and do not prefer organic foods. The Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) analyses show the amount of willingness to pay before providing the information for high and low awareness groups for GMOs increases from 23.8 dollars and 18.0 dollars per 1.8 L to 25.6 dollars and 20.3 dollars, respectively. The value of the information on GM raw materials of a consumer group with high prior knowledge of GMOs is estimated to be 1.8 dollars, and the value of the information of a consumer group with low prior knowledge is estimated to be 2.4 dollars per 1.8 L. The willingness to pay (WTP) change according to the information provision of the group with the highest prior knowledge of GMOs is estimated to be 0.6 dollars, and the WTP change is estimated to be 3.6 dollars for the group with lowest prior knowledge. This implies that the lower the prior knowledge possessed by a consumer, the higher the value of information on GM raw materials elicited.
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Lappalainen, Jukka, David Baudouin, Ursel Hornung, Julia Schuler, Kristian Melin, Saša Bjelić, Frédéric Vogel, Jukka Konttinen, and Tero Joronen. "Sub- and Supercritical Water Liquefaction of Kraft Lignin and Black Liquor Derived Lignin." Energies 13, no. 13 (June 28, 2020): 3309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13133309.
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To mitigate global warming, humankind has been forced to develop new efficient energy solutions based on renewable energy sources. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising technology that can efficiently produce bio-oil from several biomass sources. The HTL process uses sub- or supercritical water for producing bio-oil, water-soluble organics, gaseous products and char. Black liquor mainly contains cooking chemicals (mainly alkali salts) lignin and the hemicellulose parts of the wood chips used for cellulose digestion. This review explores the effects of different process parameters, solvents and catalysts for the HTL of black liquor or black liquor-derived lignin. Using short residence times under near- or supercritical water conditions may improve both the quality and the quantity of the bio-oil yield. The quality and yield of bio-oil can be further improved by using solvents (e.g., phenol) and catalysts (e.g., alkali salts, zirconia). However, the solubility of alkali salts present in black liquor can lead to clogging problem in the HTL reactor and process tubes when approaching supercritical water conditions.
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Azman, Nor Shafinaz, Tengku Sharifah Marliza, Nurul Asikin Mijan, Taufiq Yap Yun Hin, and Nozieana Khairuddin. "Production of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil via Deoxygenation Using Ni-Mo/Ac Catalyst." Processes 9, no. 5 (April 23, 2021): 750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9050750.
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Waste cooking oil (WCO) from palm oil is one of the most prospective biodiesel feedstock when compared to other oil seeds. Thus, WCO has great potential as a green source of diesel fuel for engines in motor vehicles and machinery. This project aimed to study the potential of three randomly selected types of WCO, namely; sample A (used 1× once to fry an egg), sample B (used 3–5× to fry salted fish), and sample C (used repeatedly to fry banana fritter) for the production of green diesel fuel over Ni-Mo/AC (nickel and molybdenum oxides incorporated with activated carbon) catalyst through the deoxygenation (DO) process. The prepared catalyst was characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The DO process was performed at 350 °C to remove oxygen from the WCO samples. The liquid products were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID), to measure the yields of straight-chain hydrocarbons and fractions in the range C8‒C20. Results showed that the highest n-(C8‒C20) hydrocarbon fractions were produced in the order of sample B (89.93%) > C (88.84%) > A (82.81%).
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Saget, Sophie, Marcela Costa, David Styles, and Mike Williams. "Does Circular Reuse of Chickpea Cooking Water to Produce Vegan Mayonnaise Reduce Environmental Impact Compared with Egg Mayonnaise?" Sustainability 13, no. 9 (April 23, 2021): 4726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094726.
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Consumers are increasingly asking for foods that are healthier, more humane, and environmentally sustainable. Recently, chickpea cooking water—aquafaba—has gained popularity as a potential egg substitute that complies with these criteria. However, research on the environmental impact of this ingredient is lacking. We performed a comparative attributional life cycle assessment (LCA) of mayonnaise made with aquafaba as the emulsifying agent, and traditional mayonnaise made with egg yolk. The vegan mayonnaise was found not to be as environmentally sustainable as the egg-based product. The vegan mayonnaise had a significantly (p < 0.05) lower impact across 4 categories, but a significantly higher impact across 8 categories out of 16, including climate change and resource-use-energy-carriers. The majority of categories under which vegan mayonnaise underperformed were related to the electricity needed for aquafaba processing. These impacts can be mitigated with a “cleaner” electricity grid, or onsite renewable electricity generation. Substituting the Mexican grid, where the aquafaba is currently processed, for the Canadian grid, where the mayonnaise is produced, reduced the carbon footprint of the vegan mayonnaise by 37%, making it similar to the egg-based product. As sunflower oil production was linked to extensive environmental burdens, we performed additional sensitivity analyses around oil processing, sunflower production, and other vegetable oils. Our study shows that substituting egg yolk with aquafaba could cause an increase in the environmental footprint of mayonnaise due to high processing costs, illustrating that vegan options do not always have a smaller environmental footprint, and can represent a trade-off in their comparatively more humane and healthier offer.
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Estevez, Rafael, Laura Aguado-Deblas, Alejandro Posadillo, Beatriz Hurtado, Felipa M. Bautista, José M. Hidalgo, Carlos Luna, Juan Calero, Antonio A. Romero, and Diego Luna. "Performance and Emission Quality Assessment in a Diesel Engine of Straight Castor and Sunflower Vegetable Oils, in Diesel/Gasoline/Oil Triple Blends." Energies 12, no. 11 (June 7, 2019): 2181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12112181.
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This research evaluates the possibility of using straight oils such as castor oil, which is not suitable for food use, and sunflower oil, used as a standard reference for waste cooking oils, in blends with gasoline as second-generation biofuels. To this end, a study of the rheological properties of biofuels obtained from these double blends has been carried out. The aim is to take advantage of the different properties of gasoline, i.e., its low viscosity and its high energy density to obtain blends whose rheological properties allow the substitution of fossil diesel in high extent. The incorporation of fossil diesel to these gasoline/oil mixtures produces diesel/gasoline/oil triple blends, which exhibited the suitable rheological properties to be able to operate in conventional diesel engines. Therefore, the behavior of these blends has been evaluated in a conventional diesel engine, operating as an electricity generator. The triple blends allow the substitution of fossil diesel up to 40% with sunflower oil, and up to 25% with castor oil, with excellent power results achieved for blends in which diesel is substituted up to 40%, and also in fuel consumption at high demand in comparison to conventional fossil diesel. Besides, a significant reduction in the emission of pollutants has also been obtained with these triple blends.
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Zhang, Xiaoyang, Yonghua He, Quanhui Lin, Lili Huang, Qunwei Zhang, and Youqiong Xu. "Adverse effects of subchronic exposure to cooking oil fumes on the gonads and the GPR30-mediated signaling pathway in female rats." Molecular & Cellular Toxicology 16, no. 1 (December 11, 2019): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13273-019-00053-w.
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Abstract Background Cooking oil fumes (COFs) are composed of particulate matter, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds, aldehydes, and ketones, and are currently a global health concern. Some agents in COFs are mutagenic and carcinogenic. However, only a few reports have addressed the hazardous effects of COF exposure on the female reproductive system. In this study, we explored the effects of subchronic exposure to COFs on female gonads in vivo and the possible involvement of the G-protein-coupled receptor 30 signaling pathway. Methods COFs were generated by heating commercially available canola oil in an iron pot. Adult female Wistar rats at 2 months of age were exposed to COFs at 32 mg/m3 for 0, 0.5, 1, 2, or 4 h/day for 56 days. The estrous cycle in rats was studied twice at 7:00 a.m. and 7:00 p.m. on the 43rd treatment day until the current estrous cycle was complete. The rat body weight was measured before the experiment and at day 56 post-exposure. At the end of the experiment, rat blood was collected for gonadal hormone assay, and ovaries were collected for histology and mRNA isolation. The mRNA levels of GPR30, EGFR, STAT3, and ERK were determined by quantitative RT-PCR. Results At a concentration of 32.21 ± 5.11 mg/m3, COF exposure extended the estrous cycle in rats, and ovary coefficient decreased. COFs showed various effects on the sex hormone levels and follicles, depending on its exposure level. Exposure to COFs led to the changes in mRNA levels of the G-protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Conclusion This study indicated that cooking oil fume exposure disrupted the estrous cycle, sex hormone patterns, and follicle development in female rats in a dose-dependent manner. These adverse effects of cooking oil fumes on female reproductive health were correlated with the G-protein-coupled receptor 30-mediated signaling pathway. Highlights Subchronic exposure to COFs for 56 days had gonadal toxicity in female rats, that disrupted the estrous cycle, sex hormone patterns, and follicle development in a dose-dependent manner. Reproductive endocrine disruption might be one of the female gonadotoxicity mechanisms of COFs. These adverse effects of COFs on female reproductive health were correlated with the GPR30-mediated signaling pathway.
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Sittiprapaporn, Phakkharawat. "The effect of Plukenetia Volubilis residue on Omega-3 enriched eggs." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v11i1.26525.
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Background: Omega-3 DHA-enriched eggs provide the consumer with a value-added product that delivers a clear, functional benefit for an increasingly health conscious population. Human requires an omega-6: omega-3 ratio of 4:1. The typical Thai diet which use a lot of vegetable oil for cooking provides a dramatically high 20:1 ratio. Lowering this ratio may reduce the risk of many chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, Alzheimer's disease and some cancers. A healthy omega-6:omega-3 ratio promotes the health benefits. The increased levels of DHA provides much needed nutrient essential to human brain functions e.g. brain activities.
Aims and Objective: The purpose of this study was to study the Omega-3,6,9 concentration in raw and boiled eggs feeding with Plukenetia Volubilis residue.
Materials and Methods: A sample was selected from raw and boiled eggs feeding with Plukenetia Volubilis residue.
Results: The result showed that total level of Omega-3 with 37869.65 mg/100mL and Omega-6 with 38490.67 mg/100mL which was not much different in Plukenetia Volubilis oil. However total Omega-9 is only 8394.74 mg/100mL compared to 37869.65 (Omega-3) and 38490.67 (Omega-6) which is almost 5 times lower than Omega-3,6.In addition, the comparison of Omega-3,6,9 concentration between raw and boiled eggs from hen feeding by Plukenetia Volubilis Oil. The total level of Omega-3,6,9 in boiled eggs was higher than in raw eggs (Omega-3: 122.85 mg/100g (raw egg), 158.12 mg/100g (boiled eggs); Omega-6: 1479.18 mg/100g (raw egg), 1766.53 mg/100g (boiled eggs); Omega-9: 3009.16 mg/100g (raw egg), 3375.23 mg/100g (boiled eggs)).
Conclusion: There is constantly growing demand from consumers for food products of superior health quality. We can increase the omega-3 content of eggs through the enrichment of the layers’ diet with Plukenetia Volubilis. However, the relationship of Plukenetia Volubilis residue in chicken egg is still needed for further study.
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Rossato, Aline, Larissa da Silva Silveira, Leonardo Quintana Soares Lopes, Walter Paixão De Sousa Filho, Larissa Finger Schaffer, Roberto Christ Viana Santos, and Michele Rorato Sagrillo. "Evaluation in vitro of antimicrobial activity of tucumã oil (Astrocaryum Vulgare)." Archives in Biosciences & Health 1, no. 1 (June 28, 2019): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.18593/abh.19701.
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Hospital Infection is a major health problem and affects around 1.5 million people annually around the world. The Amazon region has a wide diversity of native palm trees that have fruits and oilseeds. Astrocaryum vulgare, commonly known as Tucumã in Brazil, belongs to the family Arecaceae. This palm has orange, fleshy, single-egg-shaped fruits that are used for therapeutic purposes in diseases of the eyes and skin due to the high content of carotenoids, oil is used in cooking, health treatment and massage. This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of the Tucumã oil against 18 microorganisms. The antimicrobial activity of Tucumã was measured through the determination of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), as well as the determination of the Minimum Microbicidal Concentration (CMM) aiming to contribute to the discovery of new antimicrobials against pathogenic microorganisms’ human health and may contribute to the treatment of nosocomial infections. The results showed that the oil of Tucumã presented antimicrobial activity against five important bacteria, four Gram - positive bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus agalactiae) and one Gram - negative (Acinetobacter baumannii).
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Tehubijuluw, Hellna, I. Wayan Sutapa, and Mealan Lethulur. "Waste Cooking Oil Conversion To Biodeisel Catalized By Egg Shell Of Purebred Chiken With Ethanol As A Solvent." Jurnal Eksakta 14, no. 1 (April 20, 2014): 52–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.20885/eksakta.vol14.iss1.art6.
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Mansir, Nasar, Siow Hwa Teo, Umer Rashid, Mohd Izham Saiman, Yen Ping Tan, G. Abdulkareem Alsultan, and Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap. "Modified waste egg shell derived bifunctional catalyst for biodiesel production from high FFA waste cooking oil. A review." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 82 (February 2018): 3645–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.10.098.
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Borah, Manash Jyoti, Ankur Das, Velentina Das, Nilutpal Bhuyan, and Dhanapati Deka. "Transesterification of waste cooking oil for biodiesel production catalyzed by Zn substituted waste egg shell derived CaO nanocatalyst." Fuel 242 (April 2019): 345–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.01.060.
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Mohanasundaram, Kavin, and Nagarajan Govindan. "Effect of air preheating, exhaust gas recirculation and hydrogen enrichment on biodiesel/methane dual fuel engine." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2020): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci191024146m.
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An experimental study was carried out to investigate the effect of intake air preheating, exhaust gas recirculation and hydrogen enrichment on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of Methane/waste cooking oil biodiesel fuelled compression ignition engine in dual fuel mode. Methyl ester derived from waste cooking oil was used as a pilot fuel which was directly injected into the combustion chamber at the end of the compression stroke. Methane/hydrogen-enriched methane was injected as the main fuel in the intake port during the suction stroke using a low pressure electronic port fuel injector which is controlled by an electronic control unit. The experiments were conducted at a constant speed and at the maximum load. Experimental results indicated that the increase in energy share of gaseous fuel extends the ignition delay. With air preheating the thermal efficiency increased to 49% and 55% of methane and hydrogen-enriched methane energy share respectively. Carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions were higher in methane combustion with biodiesel when compared to the conventional diesel operation at full load and a reduction in carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon was observed with air preheating. Lower oxides of nitrogen were observed with gaseous fuel combustion and it further reduced with exhaust gas recirculation but oxides of nitrogen increased by preheating the intake air. Improvement in thermal efficiency with a reduction in hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide was observed with hydrogen-enriched methane.
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Harashima, Jun, Makoto Hiramatsu, and Satoshi Sanjo. "Calorie Estimation in a Real-World Recipe Service." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 08 (April 3, 2020): 13306–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i08.7041.
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Cooking recipes play an important role in promoting a healthy lifestyle, and a vast number of user-generated recipes are currently available on the Internet. Allied to this growth in the amount of information is an increase in the number of studies on the use of such data for recipe analysis, recipe generation, and recipe search. However, there have been few attempts to estimate the number of calories per serving in a recipe. This study considers this task and introduces two challenging subtasks: ingredient normalization and serving estimation. The ingredient normalization task aims to convert the ingredients written in a recipe (e.g.,), which says “sesame oil (for finishing)” in Japanese) into their canonical forms (e.g., , sesame oil) so that their calorific content can be looked up in an ingredient dictionary. The serving estimation task aims to convert the amount written in the recipe (e.g., N, N pieces) into the number of servings (e.g., M, M people), thus enabling the calories per serving to be calculated. We apply machine learning-based methods to these tasks and describe their practical deployment in Cookpad, the largest recipe service in the world. A series of experiments demonstrate that the performance of our methods is sufficient for use in real-world services.
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Annisa, Aninda, and Yuanita Handayati. "Gap Analysis on Sustainable Supply Chain Model Derived from EU RED II and Ispo 2015." Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Politik dan Humaniora 3, no. 2 (October 16, 2020): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.36624/jisora.v3i2.77.
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Palm oil today is consumed not only for health, cooking, and other daily product but also converted into biodiesel. The EU has included the use of biodiesel as part of their clean energy for transportation and one of its sources is palm oil. However, with the release of the EU RED II, the food and feedstock used for biodiesel are selected more stringent today. The EU requires the food and feedstock sourced for biodiesel to be categorized as low indirect land-use change (ILUC) risk and those categorized as high ILUC-risk shall be gradually phased out to 0% by 2030. This provision applies to Indonesia’s palm oil making the two countries come to file a dispute to the World Trade Organization (WTO). This paper aims to analyze the lacking of Indonesia’s palm oil sustainable cultivation measures that make Indonesia’s palm oil usage in the EU threatened to be phased out to 0% by 2030. With an extensive literature review and analysis of the two law products, this paper is analyzing the gap between the EU regulation and the ISPO certification system. It is found that there are 16 main points of difference highly concentrated on carbon emission calculation mismatch. In the end, this paper is proposing a new SCOR to be implemented in Indonesia palm oil cultivation while adjusting to its condition to ensure the low ILUC-risk and pursue the trade with the EU as the second biggest market for palm oil in the world.
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Casiello, Michele, Lucia Catucci, Francesco Fracassi, Caterina Fusco, Amelita Laurenza, Luigi di Bitonto, Carlo Pastore, Lucia D’Accolti, and Angelo Nacci. "ZnO/Ionic Liquid Catalyzed Biodiesel Production from Renewable and Waste Lipids as Feedstocks." Catalysts 9, no. 1 (January 10, 2019): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9010071.
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A new protocol for biodiesel production is proposed, based on a binary ZnO/TBAI (TBAI = tetrabutylammonium iodide) catalytic system. Zinc oxide acts as a heterogeneous, bifunctional Lewis acid/base catalyst, while TBAI plays the role of phase transfer agent. Being composed by the bulk form powders, the whole catalyst system proved to be easy to use, without requiring nano-structuration or tedious and costly preparation or pre-activation procedures. In addition, due to the amphoteric properties of ZnO, the catalyst can simultaneously promote transesterification and esterification processes, thus becoming applicable to common vegetable oils (e.g., soybean, jatropha, linseed, etc.) and animal fats (lard and fish oil), but also to waste lipids such as cooking oils (WCOs), highly acidic lipids from oil industry processing, and lipid fractions of municipal sewage sludge. Reusability of the catalyst system together with kinetic (Ea) and thermodynamic parameters of activation (ΔG‡ and ΔH‡) are also studied for transesterification reaction.
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Carvalho, Camila Barbosa, Grasiele Scaramal Madrona, Jane Graton Mitcha, Maribel Velandia Valero, Ana Guerrero, Mônica Regina da Silva Scapim, Fábio Yamashita, and Ivanor Nunes do Prado. "Effect of active packaging with oregano oil on beef burgers with low sodium content." Acta Scientiarum. Technology 42 (October 3, 2019): e42892. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascitechnol.v42i1.42892.
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This study was performed to evaluate of active biodegradable packaging applied to low-sodium beef burgers stored at -18oC for 120 days. It was tested four treatments: Beef burgers with 25% (B25) and 50% (B50) of sodium reduction and biodegradable packaging and burgers packed in a biodegradable packaging with 1% oregano essential oil and 25 (BO25) and 50% (BO50) of reduction of sodium. The composition of packaging did not influence the moisture, crude protein, total fat, ash, cooking loss and water activity. The active packaging of oregano oil showed higher color protection in burgers during the storage period. The texture showed a small variation (5-10%) between packagings at day 1, stabilizing in the other periods until the storage end. The burger samples with 25% reduction in sodium and packaging with 1% oregano essential oil (B25) had better taste and aroma, getting a acceptability index above 80% for both periods (30 and 120 days). The use of 1% of oregano essential oil incorporated into packaging reduced lipid oxidation of burgers analyzed in 14% when compared packaging without adding oregano. Microbiological analyzes were maintained stable during the entire storage. Thus, active packaging with oregano essential oil can maintain the quality of beef burger without interfering with their physical and chemical characteristics and improve their sensory attributes during 120 days of storage.
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Iskakov, Ruslan Maratbekovich, Assel Maratbekovna Iskakova, Murat Zhusypbekovich Nurushev, Altyngul Kumashevna Khaimuldinova, and Nurlan Kazhkenovich Karbayev. "Method for the Production of Fat from Raw Materials and Animal Waste." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 15, no. 2 (May 26, 2021): 716–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.15.2.23.
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The aim of this article was to study degreasing of raw materials raw fish bone waste and animal waste. A new method was developed, aimed at intensive extraction of fat with an additional absorber- de-limonene, placed in water during high-temperature cooking of raw materials of animal origin. De-limonene is a widespread terpene hydrocarbon, and a primary component of orange peel oil (constitutes up to 80–90%). Degreasing with the inclusion of de-limonene increases the degree of hydrolysis of collagen from animal raw materials, which intensifies the extraction of fat from the processed raw materials. High-temperature cooking promotes the breakdown of triglycerides into free fatty acids, which further break down into low molecular weight products. At the end of the heat the temperature of the heating plates is 70-90 ° C, the pressure inside the boiler is 1.6,-2.4 kPa, the duration is 60-100 minutes treatment of the raw material, a two-phase system was obtained: dry fat greaves and fat. Fat was sucked off by pumps connected to digesters, and greasy greaves were sent for degreasing by pressing. The method produced broth, fat, and feed.
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Mokodongan, Wahyudi ,., Juliana R. Mandei, and Joachim N. K. Dumais. "NILAI TAMBAH KERIPIK PISANG PADA INDUSTRI RUMAH TANGGA IBU DEWI (Studi Kasus Kecamatan Malalayang)." AGRI-SOSIOEKONOMI 13, no. 3A (November 20, 2017): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.35791/agrsosek.13.3a.2017.18011.
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This study aims to determine the amount of: (1) the cost per one time production, (2) revenue and income per one time production (3) added value from the banana processing business into banana chips. This research was conducted in Kecamatan Malalayang. Data collection begins at the end of February to March 2017. Data collection methods are conducted using primary data. Primary data was obtained through interviews based on a prepared list of questions, as well as on-site observations. The data collected involves: The variable cost is the amount of value influenced by the amount of production of banana chips is the cost of raw materials (bananas) and the cost of fuel (kerosene, LPG gas), Fixed costs consist of: depreciation cost of equipment and construction depreciation or cost other beyond the variable cost. Depreciation is the cost of depreciation per year, ie stove, knife, spoon of fryers, chopper, scales, and trays per year. Additives material are ingredients other than the main ingredients needed in the production process ie cooking oil, sugar, salt, egg yolk, and wrapping plastic. The total cost is all costs incurred in the production of bananas into banana chips. Methods of data analysis conducted in this study are: (1) calculate the total cost per one time production, (2) calculate the business profits processing banana fruit into banana chips per one time production with the formula π = TR - TC. (3) Calculating the added value of the banana processing business into banana chips. The results showed that (1) The amount of cost the banana Dewi chips per production is Rp. 164.000, - with details of banana raw material Rp. 25.000, - and auxiliary materials, among others, cooking oil, sugar, salt, egg yolks cendrawasih, plastic wrapping, and gas Rp. 139.000, -. (2) Large income and income per one time banana banana chips production is 20 packs per one time production with selling price Rp. 20.000, - so the revenue of Dewi banana chips is 400,000, - and (3) the amount of added value from the processing of banana into Dewi banana chips is Rp. 232.555,48 and for the value added to the raw material of banana chips, 232.555.48 divided by 100 bananas the result is 2,325,55, meaning that each banana that is processed into banana chips can give the addition of value of 2,325,55.
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García Martín, Juan Francisco, María del Carmen López Barrera, Miguel Torres García, Qing-An Zhang, and Paloma Álvarez Mateos. "Determination of the Acidity of Waste Cooking Oils by Near Infrared Spectroscopy." Processes 7, no. 5 (May 21, 2019): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7050304.
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Waste cooking oils (WCO) recycling companies usually have economic losses for buying WCO not suitable for biodiesel production, e.g., WCO with high free acidity (FA). For this reason, the determination of FA of WCO by near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was studied in this work to assess its potential for in situ application. To do this, FA of 45 WCO was measured by the classical titration method, which ranged between 0.15 and 3.77%. Then, the NIR spectra from 800 to 2200 nm of these WCO were acquired, and a partial least squares model was built, relating the NIR spectra to FA values. The accuracy of the model was quite high, providing r2 of 0.970 and a ratio of performance to deviation (RPD) of 4.05. Subsequently, a model using an NIR range similar to that provided by portable NIR spectrometers (950–1650 nm) was built. The performance was lower (r2 = 0.905; RPD = 2.66), but even so, with good accuracy, which demonstrates the potential of NIR spectroscopy for the in situ determination of FA of WCO.
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RYBAK, Arkadiusz, Jacek HUNICZ, Paweł KRZACZEK, Wojciech GOLIMOWSKI, and Damian MARCINKOWSKI. "Effect of different biofuels on common rail injector flow rate." Combustion Engines 171, no. 4 (November 1, 2017): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2017-407.
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In this study dynamic flow rates of a common rail injector using diesel fuel and different biofuels were determined. As biofuels, fatty acid methyl esters originating from canola, poultry, cattle and used cooking oil were tested. The tested fuels exhibited different physical properties e.g. density and viscosity. Measurements of the injector delivery rates were performed on a test stand designed for determination of injectors and injection pumps characteristics. Each fuel was tested at temperatures between 30 and 60°C, under injection pressure in the range of 30–180 MPa and injection time in the range of 200–1600 microseconds. The results showed differences in injector flow rates depending on used fuel, however different fuel properties affected amount of fuel injected especially at short injection durations.
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Oko, Syarifuddin, and Andri Kurniawan. "Modification of CaO Catalyst with Impregnation Method Using KoH in Biodiesel Synthesis from Waste Cooking Oil." Logic : Jurnal Rancang Bangun dan Teknologi 19, no. 2 (July 29, 2019): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/logic.v19i2.1318.
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Chicken eggshells can be used as raw material in the manufacture of CaO catalysts. Increased CaO catalyst activity can be done by the impregnation method. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of %K on the wet impregnation of CaO catalyst using KOH and to find out the impregnation catalyst (CaO / K2O) on the biodiesel yield. Prepared chicken egg shells were calcined at 900oC for 3 hours. Then the CaO obtained was impregnated using KOH with a variation of % K (5%, 7%, 9% and 12% (w / w)) while heated at 85oC. The impregnation product was calcined at 600oC for 5 hours. The impregnation catalyst (CaO K2O) was applied to the biodiesel synthesis through a transesterification reaction with a mole ratio of 1:12 waste cooking oil: methanol, the amount of catalyst was 1.5% at a reaction temperature of 70°C for 2.5 hours. Based on the results of SEM-EDS analysis, the highest K2O at 7% K was 21.99%), while the highest CaO content was at 9% K by 81.53%. For the highest surface area analysis at 7% K with a surface area of 71.22 m2 / g, alkalinity was 2.59 mmol / g. The best biodiesel was obtained with a yield of 87.17%, kinematic viscosity of 2.89 cSt, water content of 0.032%, density of 0.819 g/ml, methyl ester level of 99.39%.
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Aryani, Adriana Sari, Yulian Syahputri, and Hermawan Hermawan. "VALUE CHAIN PALM OIL INDUSTRY ANALYSIS ON THE POLYOL POLYESTER PATHWAY." IJTI (International Journal of Transportation and Infrastructure) 2, no. 2 (April 17, 2019): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.29138/ijti.v2i2.964.
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Palm oil is one of important Indonesia's export commodities. In 2017, the export value of palm oil and its derivatives (excluding oleochemicals and biodiesel) penetrated US $ 22.97 billion. The bright prospect of the palm oil commodity in the world vegetable oil trade encouraged the Indonesian government to develop an integrated palm oil industry. On the other hand, some downstream petrochemical products have begun to experience difficulties in raw materials, including Polyurethane. Polyurethane is a polymeric material from polyols and isocyanates which are widely used as packaging. Polyol itself is a polyether produced from the petroleum fraction. The polyol industry can be developed in the industrial tree branch of glycerol / glycerin in the large palm oil industry tree. Glycerin is generally the most end product of the palm oil fractionation industry, after cooking oil, margarine, shortening, and soap. In addition, glycerin is also a by-product of fatty acid esterification during biodiesel production. The value chain analysis carried out in the palm oil industry chain shows that polyol production has added new pathways that can extend the palm oil downstream industry chain. Analysis carried out on the main chain and the combined oil palm industry chain has been successfully used to map the polyol industry value chain on the palm oil track. The extension of the palm oil industry value chain on the polyol industry pathway can unite the industry with the chain of production of the petrochemical industry, in this case polyurethane, which at least can help substitute raw materials. A more detailed analysis of the perceptions of the role of the polyol industry in two directions, namely the palm oil industry chain with the polyurethane industry shows that there is a very large intersection of interests. Almost all perceptions of the role of key value chain activities in the polyurethane industry can be covered by the role of the value chain main activities in the palm oil polyol industry. Both value chains can be said to complement and complement each other. The production of polyester polyols can be absorbed by the needs of the polyurethane industry.
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Berlin, Andrea. "Jewish Life Before the Revolt: The Archaeological Evidence." Journal for the Study of Judaism 36, no. 4 (2005): 417–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006305774482669.
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AbstractIn this paper, I present material remains relevant to understanding Jewish life in Palestine in the century or so before the Revolt. These remains comprise tangible data by which Jewish praxis, actual behavior, as well as attitudes, can be identified and dated. From the early-mid first century B.C.E., Jews adopted what I call 'household Judaism'—using mikva'ot as well as locally manufactured oil, wine, and cooking vessels—in order to incorporate a religious sensibility into their daily lives. At the end of the first century B.C.E. and in the early first century C.E., they began using plain oil lamps and stone dishes as markers of ethnic solidarity and, perhaps, religious attitudes. Throughout these years, most Jews in Jerusalem and Judea followed identical burial practices, with understated funerals at undecorated family tombs. 'Household Judaism' developed outside halakhic or priestly concerns. The remains reflect shared beliefs as well as a broad desire for material possessions that would encode and reflect religious unity and identity.Other remains, however, tell a different story. In country villas and in the Upper City of Jerusalem, wealthy Jews embraced the use of decorated table vessels, Italian-style cooking pans, and foreign modes of dining. They built elaborate display tombs whose large courtyards and impressive façades provided a classicizing backdrop for staged funeral ceremonies. These sorts of remains are rare or absent in rural Judea, Jewish Galilee, and Gaulanitis. The archaeological evidence thus provides an eyewitness view of a population strongly unified in religious practices but sharply divided by cultural ethic. Over the course of the first century that division may have helped weaken the link between position and moral authority, which in turn created a space and a platform for new voices and different agendas.
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Starowicz, Małgorzata, Ewa Lelujka, Ewa Ciska, Grzegorz Lamparski, Tomasz Sawicki, and Małgorzata Wronkowska. "The Application of Lamiaceae Lindl. Promotes Aroma Compounds Formation, Sensory Properties, and Antioxidant Activity of Oat and Buckwheat-Based Cookies." Molecules 25, no. 23 (November 29, 2020): 5626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235626.
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Aroma plays an important role in designing innovative functional foods. This study aimed to study the influence of incorporating herbs from the Lamiaceae family (sage, mint, rosemary, oregano, thyme) on aroma compound formation and sensory properties in oat-buckwheat products. DPPH, FRAP and PCL have been used to describe possible antioxidant activity changes and reduce power of cookies after Lamiaceae Lindl. addition. The volatiles analysis by HS-SPME-GC/MS, has shown that Lamiaceae addition significantly influences the volatiles composition (29 molecules) with a predominance of molecules with a positive sensorial impression. Cookies elaborated with herbs were characterized by a greater share of monoterpenes (e.g., limonene, eucalyptol), in the volatile profile than in control cookies. These compounds’ occurrence was closely correlated with the appearance of herbal odor and taste among sensory attributes in cookies with herbs addition. In contrast, a decrease of negative oil aroma and the bitter aftertaste was noted by a sensory panel. Moreover, in cookies of mint and rosemary, hexanal share decreased about 13 and 9.7-times, respectively. Considering all presented experiments, rosemary addition was the most effective in forming a positive aroma profile with high sensory acceptance and increased functional properties.
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Jayarathne, Thilina, Chelsea E. Stockwell, Prakash V. Bhave, Puppala S. Praveen, Chathurika M. Rathnayake, Md Robiul Islam, Arnico K. Panday, et al. "Nepal Ambient Monitoring and Source Testing Experiment (NAMaSTE): emissions of particulate matter from wood- and dung-fueled cooking fires, garbage and crop residue burning, brick kilns, and other sources." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 3 (February 15, 2018): 2259–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-2259-2018.
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Abstract. The Nepal Ambient Monitoring and Source Testing Experiment (NAMaSTE) characterized widespread and under-sampled combustion sources common to South Asia, including brick kilns, garbage burning, diesel and gasoline generators, diesel groundwater pumps, idling motorcycles, traditional and modern cooking stoves and fires, crop residue burning, and heating fire. Fuel-based emission factors (EFs; with units of pollutant mass emitted per kilogram of fuel combusted) were determined for fine particulate matter (PM2.5), organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), inorganic ions, trace metals, and organic species. For the forced-draft zigzag brick kiln, EFPM2.5 ranged from 12 to 19 g kg−1 with major contributions from OC (7 %), sulfate expected to be in the form of sulfuric acid (31.9 %), and other chemicals not measured (e.g., particle-bound water). For the clamp kiln, EFPM2.5 ranged from 8 to 13 g kg−1, with major contributions from OC (63.2 %), sulfate (23.4 %), and ammonium (16 %). Our brick kiln EFPM2.5 values may exceed those previously reported, partly because we sampled emissions at ambient temperature after emission from the stack or kiln allowing some particle-phase OC and sulfate to form from gaseous precursors. The combustion of mixed household garbage under dry conditions had an EFPM2.5 of 7.4 ± 1.2 g kg−1, whereas damp conditions generated the highest EFPM2.5 of all combustion sources in this study, reaching up to 125 ± 23 g kg−1. Garbage burning emissions contained triphenylbenzene and relatively high concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Sb), making these useful markers of this source. A variety of cooking stoves and fires fueled with dung, hardwood, twigs, and/or other biofuels were studied. The use of dung for cooking and heating produced higher EFPM2.5 than other biofuel sources and consistently emitted more PM2.5 and OC than burning hardwood and/or twigs; this trend was consistent across traditional mud stoves, chimney stoves, and three-stone cooking fires. The comparisons of different cooking stoves and cooking fires revealed the highest PM emissions from three-stone cooking fires (7.6–73 g kg−1), followed by traditional mud stoves (5.3–19.7 g kg−1), mud stoves with a chimney for exhaust (3.0–6.8 g kg−1), rocket stoves (1.5–7.2 g kg−1), induced-draft stoves (1.2–5.7 g kg−1), and the bhuse chulo stove (3.2 g kg−1), while biogas had no detectable PM emissions. Idling motorcycle emissions were evaluated before and after routine servicing at a local shop, which decreased EFPM2.5 from 8.8 ± 1.3 to 0.71 ± 0.45 g kg−1 when averaged across five motorcycles. Organic species analysis indicated that this reduction in PM2.5 was largely due to a decrease in emission of motor oil, probably from the crankcase. The EF and chemical emissions profiles developed in this study may be used for source apportionment and to update regional emission inventories.
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Pathera, Ashok Kumar, Charanjit Singh Riar, Sanjay Yadav, and Pradeep Kumar Singh. "Effect of Egg Albumen, Vegetable Oil, Corn Bran, and Cooking Methods on Quality Characteristics of Chicken Nuggets Using Response Surface Methodology." Korean journal for food science of animal resources 38, no. 5 (October 2018): 901–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2018.e23.
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Brzyski, Przemysław, and Stanisław Fic. "The Application of Raw Materials Obtained from the Cultivation of Industrial Hemp in Various Industries." Economic and Regional Studies / Studia Ekonomiczne i Regionalne 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 100–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ers-2017-0008.
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Abstract Subject and purpose of work: The raw materials which are the purpose of the current hemp cultivation (<0.2% THC) are fibre, seeds and shives. This study describes the characteristics the raw materials obtained from the industrial hemp and described in detail the possibilities of their applications in pulp and paper, textile, pharmaceutical, construction and food industries. Analysis of the issues: Hemp straw consists of a porous ligneous core, which may be cut into smaller pieces, called hemp shives and of the fibre around the core. Hemp cellulose is used to produce paper pulp or plastics. In the construction sector, hemp fibre is used to produce, among other things, thermal insulation materials. Hemp shives is used as a filler for a composite based on lime binder, which is used as a wall material with good hygrothermal conditions confirmed by proprietary research. Hemp seeds are used for the production of cooking oil. Hempseed oil is also used in the pharmaceutical industry, e.g. to produce skin creams. Conclusions: Raw materials obtained from industrial hemp have a variety of applications. Currently, new directions in hemp application are being sought and tested, like for example hemp lime composite and bio-composites. The positive environmental impact resulting from the cultivation of hemp should be the main reason for simplifying the procedures for the commencement of its cultivation in many countries, e.g. in Poland.
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Nutongkaew, Pranee, Jompob Waewsak, Warangkhana Kiratiwibool, and Yves Gagnon. "Demand and Supply of Crude Palm Oil for Biodiesel Production towards Food and Energy Security." Applied Mechanics and Materials 839 (June 2016): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.839.151.
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Energy and food security are two key national policies and agenda of Thailand. The Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency (DEDE), Ministry of Energy has modified a 15-year (2008-2021) Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP). According to the modified AEDP, the share of renewable and alternative energy consumption should increase to 25% by 2021. The latest policy aims to promote the biodiesel consumption and production by 5.97 million liters/day within 2021, up from its previous plan of 4.50 million liters/day while nowadays production capacity is 1.62 million liters/day. The current and anticipated production of biodiesel require raw materials, notably crude palm oil (CPO) from oil palm plantations. This paper presents a feasibility study, with respect to the AEDP plan, for biodiesel production by using domestic fresh fruit oil palm as a raw material. Demand and supply are analyzed based on statistical modeling and forecasting techniques, as well as GIS spatial analysis. The results show that the domestic CPO consumption for cooking palm oil will be 1.02 million tons/year, while biodiesel production will be 1.67 million tons/year in 2021. This corresponds to an oil palm plantation area of 11,152 km2 in 2021. Based on GIS spatial analysis along with land-use database and other relevant databases, it was found that the suitable area for palm oil plantation in Thailand is 14,639 km2, which is sufficient for domestic demand and consumption. The suitable area consists of 9,664 km2 for quite suitable and 4,975 km2 for medium suitable. However, the government should provide the guidelines, along with pro-active and supportive policies for worst case scenarios, e.g. drought and flood leading to the insufficient raw material, in order to reduce the negative impacts of biodiesel production for domestic demand and consumption.
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Danys, Katarzyna. "Pottery finds from Hermitage EE.50 in Naqlun: preliminary assessment of the assemblage." Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean 26, no. 1 (July 9, 2018): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.1774.
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Rescue excavations undertaken in hermitage EE.50 in Naqlun in 2016 brought to light an extensive pottery assemblage composed of red-slipped goblets, bowls and plates of Egyptian origin, made of alluvial fabrics, and a few specimens imported from North African workshops. The repertoire of tableware was complemented with qullae made of marl and alluvial clays. Numerous cooking pots, pans and a single lid represent kitchen equipment. Goods were kept in large vessels of different types. Commodities such as wine, olive oil or fish sauce were delivered in amphorae: Egyptian LRA 7 and imported vessels, originating from North Africa (Tunisia), Cilicia, Cyprus and Rhodes(?). This assemblage has revealed some aspects of everyday life in the hermitage and confirmed the independent self-sufficient lifestyle of its inhabitants. The pottery assemblage is from the middle to the end of the 5th century AD.
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Nurliza, Nurliza. "The Nature of Food Commodity Prices Volatility in Driving Inflation and Policy." Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi 6, no. 1 (February 15, 2017): 103–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v6i1.4523.
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The objective of research is to analyze the volatility effect of food commodity prices and whether surging food commodity prices have spilled over into food inflation and total inflation with time series data through Box-Jenkins method for 12 food commodity prices. The results have proved that only beef price had high volatility effects and have asymmetric effect. While, soybeans, cooking oil, and food are vulnerable but did not have volatility effects. The change in food commodity prices are significant drive the inflation in the long-term although in the short-term insignificant. The government needs to overcome the full transmission effect of an exogenous shock and to introduce economic reform through investment, infrastructure, and markets for corn and egg for food inflation; eggs and peanuts for total inflation. Besides, strong second-round effects of higher commodity prices on inflation have generally been absent converged to core inflation.DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v6i1.4523
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He, Yue, Youn Young Shim, Rana Mustafa, Venkatesh Meda, and Martin J. T. Reaney. "Chickpea Cultivar Selection to Produce Aquafaba with Superior Emulsion Properties." Foods 8, no. 12 (December 15, 2019): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8120685.
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Aquafaba (AQ), a viscous by-product solution produced during cooking chickpea or other legumes in water, is increasingly being used as an egg replacement due to its ability to form foams and emulsions. The objectives of our work were to select a chickpea cultivar that produces AQ with superior emulsion properties, and to investigate the impact of chickpea seed physicochemical properties and hydration kinetics on the properties of AQ-based emulsions. AQ from a Kabuli type chickpea cultivar (CDC Leader) had the greatest emulsion capacity (1.10 ± 0.04 m2/g) and stability (71.9 ± 0.8%). There were no correlations observed between AQ emulsion properties and chickpea seed proximate compositions. Meanwhile, AQ emulsion properties were negatively correlated with AQ yield and moisture content, indicating that AQ with higher dry-matter content displayed better emulsion properties. In conclusion, the emulsification properties of aquafaba are greatly influenced by the chickpea genotype, and AQ from the CDC Leader chickpea produced the most stable food oil emulsions.
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H. Tayeb, Ali, Mehdi Tajvidi, and Douglas Bousfield. "Paper-Based Oil Barrier Packaging using Lignin-Containing Cellulose Nanofibrils." Molecules 25, no. 6 (March 16, 2020): 1344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25061344.
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Environmental and health concerns are driving the need for new materials in food packaging to replace poly- or perfluorinated compounds, aluminum layers, and petroleum-based polymers. Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) have been shown by a number of groups to form excellent barrier layers to oxygen and grease. However, the influence of lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils (LCNF) on film barrier properties has not been well reported. Herein, thin films (16 g/m2) from LCNF and CNF were formed on paper substrates through a filtration technique that should mimic the addition of material at the wet end of a paper machine. Surface, barrier and mechanical attributes of these samples were characterized. The analysis on the surface free energy and water contact angle pointed to the positive role of lignin distribution in inducing a certain degree of water repellency. The observed oxygen transmission rate (OTR) and water vapor permeability (WVP) values of LCNF-coated samples were nearly similar to those with CNF. However, the presence of lignin improved the oil proof performance; these layered designs exhibited an excellent resistance to grease (kit No. 12). The attained papers with LCNF coat were formed into bowl-like containers using metal molds and a facile oven drying protocol to evaluate their resistance to oil penetration over a longer period. The results confirmed the capability of LCNF layer in holding commercially available cooking oils with no evidence of leakage for over five months. Also, an improvement in the tensile strength and elongation at break was observed in the studied papers. Overall, the proposed packaging material possesses viable architecture and can be considered as a fully wood-based alternative for the current fluorocarbon systems.
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Norlén, Filip, Per Gustavsson, Pernilla Wiebert, Lars Rylander, Magnus Westgren, Nils Plato, Maria Albin, and Jenny Selander. "Occupational exposure to organic particles and combustion products during pregnancy and birth outcome in a nationwide cohort study in Sweden." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, no. 8 (May 23, 2019): 537–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-105672.
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ObjectiveTo study if children of women exposed to organic particles and combustion products at work during pregnancy, have an increased risk of low birth weight, preterm birth or small for gestational age.MethodsA nationwide cohort of all occupationally active mothers and their children from single births during 1994 to the end of 2012 (1 182 138 observations) was formed. Information on birth outcome was obtained from the medical birth register. Information on absence from work, education, occupation, age, nationality and smoking habits was obtained from national registers. A job exposure matrix (FINJEM) was used to assess the exposure.ResultsPregnant women with low absence from work and high (>50th percentile) exposure to organic particles had an increased risk of giving birth to children with low birth weight (OR=1.19; 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.32), small for gestational age (OR=1.22; 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.38) or preterm birth (OR=1.17; 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.27). Subgroup analyses showed an increased risk of small for gestational age in association with exposure to oil mist. Exposure to oil mist and cooking fumes was associated with low birth weight. Paper and other organic dust was associated with preterm birth. Exposure to combustion products showed an increased risk of small for gestational age (OR=1.40; 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.71).ConclusionsThe results indicate that occupational exposure to organic particles or combustion products during pregnancy is associated with restriction of fetal growth and preterm birth. More studies are needed to confirm a casual association.
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Mansir, Nasar, Siow Hwa Teo, M. Lokman Ibrahim, and Taufiq-Yap Yun Hin. "Synthesis and application of waste egg shell derived CaO supported W-Mo mixed oxide catalysts for FAME production from waste cooking oil: Effect of stoichiometry." Energy Conversion and Management 151 (November 2017): 216–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.08.069.
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Ponnusamy, Muruganantham, Bharathwaaj Ramani, and Ravishankar Sathyamruthy. "A Parametric Study on a Diesel Engine Fuelled Using Waste Cooking Oil Blended with Al2O3 Nanoparticle—Performance, Emission, and Combustion Characteristics." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (June 26, 2021): 7195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137195.
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As the environment is humiliated at a disturbing rate, most governments have persistent calls following global energy policies for the utilization of biofuels. This paper essentially examines the portrayal investigations of fatty acid methyl esters and fatty acid pentyl esters obtained from palm oil. The characterization studies such as gas chromatogram, mass spectrometry, and Fourier transformed infrared spectrometry have been performed to study biodiesel’s chemical composition. This article likewise shows biodiesel’s physiochemical properties and concentrates on biodiesel blends’ hypothetical combustion properties with Al2O3 nanoparticles. The spectroscopic investigations demonstrate the contiguity of eight methyl esters and five pentyl esters prevalently of palmitic acid, oleic acid, octanoic acid, and stearic acid. The esters’ nearness was additionally affirmed by the FTIR range, where the peaks in the scope of 1700 cm−1 to 1600 cm−1 can be observed. Looking at the thermophysical properties of the mixes with that of the base diesel fuel yielded the compromising results by giving the comparative density to that of the diesel fuel. The palm oil biodiesel’s calorific value is, by all accounts, diminished by 10% when contrasted with diesel fuel. The addition of the nanoparticles up to 1 g has raised the calorific value most closely to the diesel’s value. Correspondingly, the theoretical burning examinations have demonstrated the limit of biodiesel to go about as an option compared to consistent diesel in the conventional DI–CI engine. This article talks about the combustion attributes of the blend containing 60% diesel, 20% fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), and 20% fatty acid pentyl ester (FAPE) with aluminium oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles at two distinctive concentrations. This article primarily concerns the inquiry of combustion criterion, such as in-chamber pressure variation, rate of heat release, start of combustion, end of combustion, and ignition delay for considered fuel blends when contrasted with neat diesel fuel in a four-stroke, direct-injection, single-cylinder diesel engine. The results showed a decrease in in-cylinder pressure at all loads of engine operation for biodiesel blends when compared with neat diesel, irrespective of the nanoparticle concentration. Biodiesel blends at all nanoparticle concentrations showed an increase in ignition delay compared with diesel fuels at all engine operation loads. The performance results show a slight deterioration in the engine’s thermal efficiency using biodiesel blends, irrespective of the nanoparticle concentration. Additionally, the emissions show a considerable fall in trends for all loads in contrast with diesel fuel.
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Lee, Jung-Han, Ki-Soo Han, Dong-Won Bae, Young-Sang Kwon, Dong-Kil Kim, Kyu-Young Kang, and Hee-Kyu Kim. "Emulsification Characters of COY (Cooking Oil and Egg Yolk Mixture) and Mixing Application with Sulfur Wettable Powder for Enhancing the Control Efficacies against Paprika Powdery Mildew." Research in Plant Disease 16, no. 1 (April 1, 2010): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/rpd.2010.16.1.074.
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Prayitno, Agus Hadi, Edi Suryanto, and Zuprizal (Zuprizal). "Kualitas Fisik dan Sensoris Daging Ayam Broiler yang Diberi Pakan dengan Penambahan Ampas Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) (Physical and Sensory Quality of Meat of Broiler Chicken Fed with The Addition of Virgin Coconut Oil Waste)." Buletin Peternakan 34, no. 1 (February 21, 2012): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21059/buletinpeternak.v34i1.107.
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<p>The experiment was conducted to evaluate physical and sensory quality of meat of broiler chicken fed diets with addition of VCO waste. One hundred and twenty five DOC’s unsex Arbor Acres strain CP 707 were randomly divided<br />into 25 groups containing five birds each. There were five dietary treatments and five cages in each treatment for replication. Chickens were raised for 35 days. Levels of VCO waste in feed treatments were: 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0%.<br />Drinking water and feed were given ad libitum. For the first week, birds were fed BR1, afterward dietary treatments were given until the end of the experiment and then they were slaughtered. Meat samples (Pectoralis superficialis) were<br />taken to determine the physical and sensory quality of meat. The data of physical quality were analysed by the analysis variance of completely randomized design, whereas data of sensorial quality were analysed by the analysis of non<br />parametric test of Hedonic Kruskal-Wallis. The results showed that addition of VCO waste level increased pH value and water-holding capacity and decreased cooking loss and tenderness of meat of broiler chicken. However, sensorial<br />test indicated that VCO waste addition did not affect color, taste, texture, juiciness, tenderness, and acceptability of meat of broiler chicken. It could be concluded that the addition of VCO waste in the ration improved the physical<br />quality of broiler meat.</p><p>(Key word: Chicken broiler meat, Physical quality, Sensory, VCO waste)<br /><br /></p>