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Journal articles on the topic 'Cooling medium'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Rusnaldy, Norman Iskandar, Yusuf Umardani, Paryanto, and Susilo Adi Widyanto. "Evaluation of the Effect of Application of Air Jet Cooling and Cooled-Air Jet Cooling on Machining Characteristics of St 60 Steel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 493 (January 2014): 468–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.493.468.

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The use of cutting fluid is to reduce the friction between tool and workpiece, reduce and dissipate generated heat. The application of cutting fluid is also to improve the surface quality of workpiece and increase the tool life. On the other side, cutting fluid contains chemical carcinogens that causes serious health risks for machine operators and have inherent waste disposal concern on the environment. Due to these problems, some alternative have been sought to minimize or avoid the use of cutting fluid in machining processes. Air cooling techniques were proposed as alternative cooling mediu

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2

Li, Yi, Peng-Xiao Zhu, Cai Tang, and Zhi Sun. "Effects of Quenching Medium on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High Chromium Cast Iron." Crystals 12, no. 10 (2022): 1332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12101332.

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The cooling properties of different cooling mediums were studied and heat treatment of high chromium cast iron was carried out by different cooling mediums. The results showed that the maximum cooling rate, cooling rate at 300 °C and the quenching liquid cooling capacity of water at 20 °C was 193.6 °C/s, 88.6 °C/s and 2431.1, respectively. With the increase in PAG concentration, the maximum cooling rate and the cooling rate at 300 °C of the coolant decreased. The microstructure of high chromium cast iron treated by water cooling, 10% PAG coolant and 20% coolant was white carbide + tempered mar

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3

Zulhafril, Herman, Jasman Jasman, and Kimberly June Tespoer. "The Effect of Cooling Media on Tensile Strength of Medium Carbon Steel in Post Welding Process Using Electric Welding (SMAW) with E7018 Electrodes." Teknomekanik 3, no. 2 (2020): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/teknomekanik.v3i2.6472.

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The use of cooling media in post welding process will affect the tensile strength of a material. This study aims to determine how much the influence of using cooling media in post welding and which cooling media is appropriate to use. The process is done by comparing the tensile strength of each cooling media, namely the cooling media of water, air, and coolant. The use of cooling media is carried out after the welding process, until the material that is ready to be welded reaches room temperature. Based on the experiments that have been conducted, the use of post-welding cooling media affects

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4

Kuo, Chil-Chyuan, Jing-Yan Xu, Yi-Jun Zhu, and Chong-Hao Lee. "Effects of Different Mold Materials and Coolant Media on the Cooling Performance of Epoxy-Based Injection Molds." Polymers 14, no. 2 (2022): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14020280.

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Metal additive manufacturing techniques are frequently applied to the manufacturing of injection molds with a conformal cooling channel (CCC) in order to shorten the cooling time in the injection molding process. Reducing the cooling time in the cooling stage is essential to reducing the energy consumption in mass production. However, the distinct disadvantages include higher manufacturing costs and longer processing time in the fabrication of injection mold with CCC. Rapid tooling technology (RTT) is a widely utilized technology to shorten mold development time in the mold industry. In princi

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5

Wang, J. H., J. Messner, and H. Stetter. "An Experimental Investigation on Transpiration Cooling Part II: Comparison of Cooling Methods and Media." International Journal of Rotating Machinery 10, no. 5 (2004): 355–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1023621x04000363.

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This article attempts to provide a cooling performance comparison of various mass transfer cooling methods and different cooling media through two experiments. In the first experiment, pressurized air was used as a cooling medium and two different circular tubes were used as specimens. One is made of impermeable solid material with four rows of discrete holes to simulate film cooling, and the other consists of sintered porous material to create a porous transpiration cooling effect. The natures of transpiration cooling and film cooling including leading and trailing edge injection cooling were

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Xi, Lei, Qicheng Ruan, Yuan Gao, Jianmin Gao, Liang Xu, and Yunlong Li. "Numerical study on cooling performance and thermal stress characteristic of an f-class gas turbine stator blade." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2024): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci240422178x.

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In this study, a coupled numerical computation approach integrating aerothermal and thermomechanical effects was employed to investigate the cooling efficiency and thermal stress characteristics of gas turbine stator blades. A comprehensive analysis was conducted considering varying turbulence intensities in the coolant flow (spanning from 0.05 to 0.15) and different coolant media configurations, including pure air, dual-medium mixture of air and steam, and pure steam. The distributional traits of cooling efficiency and thermal stress on the stator blade surface under these conditions were met

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7

Walker, Linda J., Phillip O. Moreno, and Håkon Hope. "Cryocrystallography: effect of cooling medium on sample cooling rate." Journal of Applied Crystallography 31, no. 6 (1998): 954–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889898005299.

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The rates of cooling of small samples with cold N2gas (100 K), liquid N2(77 K) and liquid propane (100 K) have been measured. The samples were one bare Cu-constantan thermocouple and one coated with a 0.25 mm layer of silicone rubber cement. Gas cooling yielded the lowest rate, liquid N2the highest. With the gas, cooling of the centers of the samples from 295 to 140 K took 0.8 and 2 s for the bare and coated samples, respectively; with liquid N2the times were 0.15 and 0.6 s, and with liquid propane they were 0.15–0.18 and 1.2 s, respectively (time reproducibility is within ±10%).

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8

Permana, Aldi Wahyu, Ratna Dewi Anjani, and Iwan Nugraha Gusniar. "Analisa Pengaruh Variasi Media Pendingin Pada Proses HeatTreatment Metode Hardening-Tempering Material Baja S45C Terhadap Sifat Mekanik dan Struktur Mikro." Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin 15, no. 3 (2020): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.32497/jrm.v15i3.1989.

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<p><em>In Our life, we always life with any tools and technology for improve our life. We can find many tools and other technolgy are made from metal. Of course, we need metals which have a characteristic for improve that inquiry, for example in terms of hardness in metal. Metal hardness can be increased in several ways. One of them is the hardening process. This process is a process of heat treatment of metal by heating and then cooling it to a certain temperature. In the traditional market, a lot of shredded coconut water is not used and can be used as a cooling medium in the har

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9

Syahri, Budi, Zonny Amanda Putra, and Nofri Helmi. "HARDNESS ANALYSIS OF STEEL ASSAB 705 GIVEN THAT HARDENING HEAT TREATMENT AND COOLING MEDIUM." INVOTEK: Jurnal Inovasi Vokasional dan Teknologi 17, no. 1 (2017): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/invotek.v17i1.20.

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Steel assab 705 is a medium carbon steel carbon content of 0.38% -0.43% C. The carbon content allows this steel hardened by hardening heat treatment process and the cooling medium. experimental method used in this research, with a total of 12 specimens and cooled at different cooling medium is oil, water and salt solution. Brinell hardness testing method results showed that the increase in violence in the specimen in quenching the intermediate cooling oil around 15.62%, on a specimen in a water cooling medium with an increase of about 17.28%, on a specimen in quenching with a salt solution inc

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10

Sobota, Tomasz, Dawid Taler, and Szczepan Lubecki. "Pipeline heating and cooling." MATEC Web of Conferences 240 (2018): 05031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824005031.

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The work aims to determine the undetermined temperature distribution of the medium and the pipeline wall using the finite difference method. Time courses of the temperature of the flowing medium and pipeline walls caused by a step change in temperature of the medium at the pipeline inlet, obtained by the numerical method, were compared with the courses calculated using strict analytical formulas. The numerical method of determining transient courses of the temperature of medium and pipeline wall can be used in the analysis of heating and cooling of heating or power pipelines with any changes i

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11

ZOTTOLA, EDMUND A., and LORRAINE B. SMITH. "Survival of Salmonellae in Refrigerated, Agitated Water and Water/Glycol Mixtures1." Journal of Food Protection 49, no. 6 (1986): 467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-49.6.467.

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Survival of Salmonella typhimurium in refrigerated water and a 30:70 mixture of ethylene glycol and water was studied. Survival was determined with an MPN procedure using 333 ml of the cooling medium. Initial populations were determined by spread plating 1 ml of sample on 3 plates of XLD. With water as the suspending medium, the temperature of the circulating water was 1°C. When the cooling medium was the glycol/water mixture, the temperature was −1°C. Low numbers of S. typhimurium were recovered from the cold water for 9 d and from the glycol/water mixture for 14 d. The initial population in

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12

Stern, Jonathan, Drummond Fielding, Claude-André Faucher-Giguère, and Eliot Quataert. "Cooling flow solutions for the circumgalactic medium." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 488, no. 2 (2019): 2549–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1859.

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ABSTRACT In several models of galaxy formation feedback occurs in cycles or mainly at high redshift. At times and in regions where feedback heating is ineffective, hot gas in the galaxy halo is expected to form a cooling flow, where the gas advects inward on a cooling timescale. Cooling flow solutions can thus be used as a benchmark for observations and simulations to constrain the timing and extent of feedback heating. Using analytic calculations and idealized 3D hydrodynamic simulations, we show that for a given halo mass and cooling function, steady-state cooling flows form a single-paramet

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13

Qian, Zuoqin, Xinyu Wang, Jie Ren, Qiang Wang, and Lumei Zhao. "Experimental Study of a Bionic Porous Media Evaporative Radiator Inspired by Leaf Transpiration: Exploring Energy Change Processes." Processes 12, no. 12 (2024): 2745. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122745.

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The performance of photovoltaic (PV) cells is significantly influenced by their operating temperature. While conventional active cooling methods are limited by economic feasibility, passive cooling strategies often face challenges related to insufficient heat dissipation capacity. This study presents a bio-inspired evaporative heat sink, modeled on the transpiration and water transport mechanisms of plant leaves, which leverages porous media flow and heat transfer. The device uses capillary pressure, generated through the evaporation of the cooling medium under sunlight, to maintain continuous

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14

Yang, Haiwei, Xue Liu, Yuyang Bian, and Ge Wang. "Numerical Investigation on the Mechanism of Transpiration Cooling for Porous Struts Based on Local Thermal Non-Equilibrium Model." Energies 15, no. 6 (2022): 2091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15062091.

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Struts as an important structure in the combustion chamber of hypersonic flight vehicles to inject fuel into main flow face a severe thermal environment. Transpiration cooling is considered as a potential method to provide a thermal protection for struts. This paper presents a numerical investigation on transpiration cooling for a strut based on Darcy–Forchheimer model and the local thermal non-equilibrium model and analyzes the mechanism of transpiration cooling. A coolant film and a velocity boundary layer are formed on the strut surface and the shock wave is pushed away from the strut, whic

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15

Hariningsih, Hariningsih, Sumpena Sumpena, and Heribertus Sukarjo. "The effectivity of used-oil as quenching medium of 42-CrMo4 steel for automotive materials." Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech) 1, no. 1 (2020): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/arstech.v1i1.11.

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The research aims to investigate the effect of the cooling medium on the hardness characteristic and microstructure of the 42CrMo4 steel due to hardening treatment at a temperature of 830°C and holding time of 30 minutes. Various oil such as SAE-10W40, SAE-20W50, SAE-40, and used oil was used in the cooling medium. The changes in product size, hardness, and microstructure have been carefully assessed. The results indicated that the viscosity of the coolant medium strongly influenced the cooling rate of the cooling medium, hardness, and microstructure. SAE-10W40 oil and SAE-20W50 oil only neede

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16

Chen, Hong Da, Y. R. Feng, Chun Yong Huo, et al. "The Analysis to the Correlation between Cooling Medium and Cooling Result of DWTT Specimen." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 2985–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.2985.

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The cooling medium choice is restricted due to no detailed regulations for temperature control as the specimen with gaseous cooling medium in the API, ASTM and the standards or specifications of China. The analysis and calculating are made to the physical process of the cooling. The preservation hold time are provided for DWTT specimen at different temperature in the gaseous cooling medium. It provide primary sustaining base to control the cooling process of gaseous cooling medium. The essential point of the precise means of temperature testing is brought forward at the same time.

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17

Muttalib, S. A., N. Bintoro, J. N. W. Karyadi, and A. D. Saputro. "The effect of compression force, cooling medium, and type of animal product on physical and chemical properties in super-chilling process." Food Research 9, no. 1 (2025): 19–32. https://doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.9(1).007.

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Ice and dry ice in flake forms are often used as cooling media for meat preservation. The cooling process is done by covering the meat with these cooling substances. This method generally takes a long time to reduce the temperature of the meat because the contact between the surface of the cooling medium and the meat is less effective. Applying compression force to the cooling medium will increase the intensity of contact between the cooling medium and the meat, which is expected to improve the performance of the cooling process. This study aimed to investigate the effect of compression force

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18

Ramsingh, S. Hajeri. "Immersion Cooling for Laptops: Voltage Drop due to Heat, Prototype and Concept Idea." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 8, no. 2 (2023): 1598–604. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7706992.

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A typical information technology (IT) system takes around 40% of the total energy used in cooling the system. There are three major classifications of cooling systems and they are water cooling, closed-loop liquid cooling, and immersion cooling systems. Immersion cooling has been observed to be the latest trend in cooling systems for IT devices. It is a cooling procedure that is carried out through the immersion of all computer components in a dielectric coolant. This research examined the cooling process of the circuit board using this immersion method. Mineral oil, because of its high dielec

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19

Hsieh, Jing Chzi, Jia Hsun Li, and Jia Horng Lin. "Cooling Effect of Waste Fiber Culture Medium Used as Extensive Green Roof." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 1219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.1219.

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Greening on roofs that are not totally used can create a good cooling effect and mitigate the urban heat island effect. Considering the load capacity of roofs and ecological protection, this study thus uses fiber waste to make culture mediums as an extensive green roof, after which sedum makinoi is then planted to evaluate the cooling effect of the waste fiber culture medium. The experimental results show that sedum makinoi planted with waste fiber culture medium can averagely reduce the temperature of the roof surface by 5 °C and to a maximum of 11.8 °C. Although experimental group and contro

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20

Xi, Y. Z., T. J. Wang, X. Li, and Y. Jin. "Cooling and Solidification of Melted Drops in an Immiscible Cooling Medium." Chemical Engineering & Technology 28, no. 6 (2005): 712–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.200407093.

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21

Макаров, Сергей, Sergey Makarov, Вячеслав Дементьев, and V. Dementiev. "Numerical simulation of heat exchange at cooling of high-temperature metal blank made of steel ChGSN2A." Science intensive technologies in mechanical engineering 2, no. 9 (2017): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_59ae90c53930e5.50040191.

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The results of the numerical simulation of heat exchange at the cooling metal blank made of steel 30ChGSN2A are shown. The velocities of blank cooling with the flow of gas-liquid medium are defined. Cooling intensity changes depending on the blank motion speed opposite the flow of cooling medium are analyzed.

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22

Pambudi, Nugroho Agung, Husin Bugis, Ilham Wahyu Kuncoro, et al. "Preliminary experimental of GPU immersion-cooling." E3S Web of Conferences 93 (2019): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199303003.

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A typical information technology system takes around 40% of the total energy used in cooling the system. There are three major classifications of cooling system and they are: water cooling, close loop liquid cooling, and immersion cooling systems. Immersion cooling has been observed to be the latest trend in cooling systems for IT devices. It is a cooling procedure that is carried out through the immersion of all computer components in a dielectric coolant. This research examined the cooling process of GPU using this immersion method. Mineral oil, because of its high dielectric strength, is us

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23

Hang, Pham Thi. "Effects of Heat Treatment Process on Mechanical Properties of Medium Carbon Steel." Vietnam Journal of Agricultural Sciences 4, no. 4 (2021): 1283–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31817/vjas.2021.4.4.07.

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In order to select an appropriate heat treatment process for an industrial application of S45C medium carbon steel, it is necessary to investigate the influence of technological parameters during the heat treatment process such as heating temperature, holding time and cooling medium on the microstructure and mechanical properties. In this study, the experiments were conducted in various heating temperatures, holding times and cooling mediums for specimens made of S45C steel. Then, the relationship between the microstructure and the hardness of the steel was examined. The obtained results show

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24

Woo, Jongbin, Younghyeon Kim, and Sangseok Yu. "Cooling-System Configurations of a Dual-Stack Fuel-Cell System for Medium-Duty Trucks." Energies 16, no. 5 (2023): 2301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16052301.

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Presently, hydrogen-fuel-cell medium-duty trucks utilize two or more modular proton exchange membrane fuel-cell stacks due to package space and economic concerns. The fuel-cell system of medium-duty trucks requires high power demand under a regular driving schedule. Since the high power demands produces significant heat generation within a very small packaging space, thermal management is crucial for maintaining the performance and long term durability of medium-duty trucks. This study was designed to investigate the various cooling configurations of dual stacks to understand the dual-stack re

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25

Zhang, Zhenying, Shiqi Wang, Meiyuan Yang, Kai Gong, and Yanhua Chen. "Parametric Evaluation of Cooling Pipe in Direct Evaporation Artificial Ice Rink." Energies 15, no. 21 (2022): 7989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15217989.

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With the coming of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games, China’s artificial ice rink construction will be in rapid development. A parametric evaluation of the cooling pipe in a direct evaporation rink was performed by numerical simulation. The results showed that the influence of the temperature of the antifreeze pipe on the ice surface temperature can be ignored. The evaporation temperature of the working medium in the cooling pipe is between −32 °C and −22.4 °C to ensure the ice surface temperature is between −5 °C and −3 °C. With the increase in the cooling pipe spacing, the required evapo

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26

Myagkov, L. L., and V. M. Sivachev. "Methods for Determining the Thermal State of Medium-Speed Diesel Engines Taking into Account Boiling of the Coolant." Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, no. 07 (724) (July 2020): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2020-7-22-28.

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Forcing medium-speed diesel engines by increasing the mean effective pressure leads to an increase in the thermal factor of the engine parts. High temperatures of the cylinder head fire deck and the cylinder liner working surface cause thermal fatigue cracks in these parts as well as piston scuffing. Therefore, the development of new methods of intensifying heat transfer in the cooling gallery and refined methods for determining the engine parts thermal state is currently relevant. In both areas of research, a significant role is played by the process of coolant boiling, which significantly in

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27

Glover, Simon C. O., and Paul C. Clark. "Molecular cooling in the diffuse interstellar medium." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 437, no. 1 (2013): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt1809.

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28

Das, Sarit K. "Nanofluids—The Cooling Medium of the Future." Heat Transfer Engineering 27, no. 10 (2006): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01457630600904585.

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29

Meng, Qinglin, and Wenbin Hu. "Roof cooling effect with humid porous medium." Energy and Buildings 37, no. 1 (2005): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2003.11.004.

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30

Gardini, A. "Buoyant bubbles in a cooling intracluster medium." Astronomy & Astrophysics 464, no. 1 (2006): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20066427.

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31

Liu, Wangrui, Shen Cheng, Jucheng Wang, et al. "Numerical study on the cooling performance of various arrangements of medium-gap-medium for direct evaporative cooling systems." Applied Thermal Engineering 236 (January 2024): 121921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2023.121921.

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32

Sumarni, Eni, G. H. Sumartono, and Satyanto Krido Saptomo. "Application of Zone Cooling in Aeroponics System for Medium Wet Tropical Climates." Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian 01, no. 1 (2013): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.19028/jtep.01.1.99-106.

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Cheng, Yujia, Guang Yu, and Zhuohua Duan. "Effect of Cooling Medium on LDPE Dielectric Properties." Polymers 14, no. 3 (2022): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14030425.

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Polyethylene, with its excellent mechanical and dielectric properties is used as an insulator for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission. In ultra-high-voltage direct current (UHVDC) transmission, the ageing of insulation materials caused by space charge under high DC voltage becomes serious. Therefore, restraining the space charge and improving the dielectric properties of HVDC cables is important. In this study, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was used as the raw material and combined with cooling media in a vulcanizing press. A polarizing microscope was used to observe the samples’

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Nejneru, Carmen, Ramona Cimpoesu, Petrica Vizureanu, Elena-Luiza Epure, Manuela Cristina Perju, and Ștefan-Constantin Lupescu. "Study on the Thermal Fatigue Effect of Carboxymethylcellulose Solution Media Dissolved in Water as a Quenching Cooling Medium." Applied Sciences 13, no. 10 (2023): 6021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13106021.

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The degradation of a quenching cooling medium is a particularly important technical aspect in the technology of primary and final thermal treatments. This paper studied the effect of the thermal cycles of heating and cooling on a tempering medium type of 2.5% carboxymethyl cellulose solution in water. The main characteristic of a cooling medium is the absorption of heat from the part, which is influenced by the physico-chemical characteristics of the cooling liquid according to the degree of thermal fatigue. For this, the main properties of the environment are analyzed, such the chemical compo

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Deng, Xiang Tao, Zhao Dong Wang, R. D. K. Misra, Jie Han, and Guo Dong Wang. "Mechanical Properties and Precipitation Behavior of Ti-Mo Microalloyed Medium-Carbon Steel during Ultrafast Cooling Process." Advanced Materials Research 922 (May 2014): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.922.86.

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We describe here the mechanical property evolution and precipitation hardening behavior under different cooling conditions including ultrafast cooling (UFC) + air cooling process and accelerated cooling (ACC) + air cooling process in a Ti-Mo microalloyed medium carbon steel is described here. The results demonstrate that the cooling procedure after hot rolling has a significant influence on the mechanical properties of the microalloyed steel. The yield strength and tensile strength that were obtained by ultrafast cooling (UFC) + air cooling process were higher than those from accelerated cooli

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Bridgen, Mark P., and J. Bartok. "Evaluation of a Growing Medium Cooling System and Its Effects on the Flowering of Altroemeria." HortScience 25, no. 12 (1990): 1592–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.12.1592.

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Red- and pink-flowering cultivars of Alstroemeria were grown with and without cooling tubes placed in the growing medium. Cooling tubes were placed immediately below, 5 cm below, and 10 cm below the surface of the medium. Cooling was obtained by circulating well water (10 to 15C) through polyethylene tubing. Air and media temperatures were recorded every 3 to 10 days in the morning and in the late afternoon to determine if positioning of the cooling tubes had an effect on the medium temperature. The air temperature was warmer than the noncooled medium, which, in turn, was significantly warmer

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Han, Ji Guang, and Yang Bai. "Simulation of Cooling Process of Medium Thickness Steel Plate." Materials Science Forum 594 (August 2008): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.594.34.

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By carefully researching and analyzing on cooling process of medium thickness steel plate, a mathematics model of heat transfer and its corresponding simulation model are established and evaluated with finite discrimination for a selected cooling object, and a simulation model is established. Through simulation and locate testing, the calculated values obtained are agreed very well with the measured ones. This indicates that the simulation model can preferably reveal the accelerated cooling process of medium thickness steel plate and can be applied to guide the manufacture of medium thickness

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38

Yang, Chao, Tingting Xu, Hongshan Zhao, Chundong Hu, and Han Dong. "Regulation Law of Tempering Cooling Rate on Toughness of Medium-Carbon Medium-Alloy Steel." Materials 17, no. 1 (2023): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17010205.

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Temper embrittlement is a major challenge encountered during the heat treatment of high-performance steels for large forgings. This study investigates the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Cr-Ni-Mo-V thick-walled steel, designed for large forgings with a tensile strength of 1500 MPa, under different tempering cooling rates. Optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) were employed to analyze the microstructural features. The results demonstrate that the embrittlement occurring during air cooling after tempering i

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Bilal, Mohd, Shahil Shahil, Rizwan Khan, Mohd Najeeb, Mohammad Asif, and Taliv Hussain. "Performance Evaluation of Vapor Compression Refrigeration System Using Different Types of Condensers Cooling Medium." Journal of Advanced Research Design 125, no. 1 (2025): 68–78. https://doi.org/10.37934/ard.125.1.6878.

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This research investigates the performance of a vapor compression refrigeration system (VCRS) using different condenser cooling mediums: air, water, and nanofluid containing 0.02% (v/v) titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles in water as base fluid. The primary objective is to comprehensively evaluate and compare the performance of these condenser types within the VCRS, aiming to identify the most efficient and eco-friendly condenser cooling medium. The research also explored different mass flow rates of air velocity in the evaporator, ranging from 0.7 to 2.7 m/s. The experimental results reveal

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Faucher-Giguère, Claude-André, and S. Peng Oh. "Key Physical Processes in the Circumgalactic Medium." Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 61, no. 1 (2023): 131–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-052920-125203.

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Spurred by rich, multiwavelength observations and enabled by new simulations, ranging from cosmological to subparsec scales, the past decade has seen major theoretical progress in our understanding of the circumgalactic medium (CGM). We review key physical processes in the CGM. Our conclusions include the following: ▪ The properties of the CGM depend on a competition between gravity-driven infall and gas cooling. When cooling is slow relative to free fall, the gas is hot (roughly virial temperature), whereas the gas is cold ( T ∼ 104 K) when cooling is rapid. ▪ Gas inflows and outflows play cr

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Kresna Kepakisan, Komang Aria, and Rudi Siswanto. "PENGARUH MEDIA PENDINGIN DAN WAKTU TUNGGU TERHADAP POROSITAS, KEKERASAN DAN STRUKTUR MIKRO MATERIAL AL PADUAN (RONGSOKAN) MENGGUNAKAN METODE PENGECORAN EVAPORATIVE." JTAM ROTARY 1, no. 1 (2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jtam_rotary.v1i1.1397.

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The purpose of this research is to know the effect of cooling media and holding time to porosity, hardness and micro structure of Al alloy material (scrap) using evaporative casting method. The method used in this research is the experimental method of smelting Al Alloy piston scrap and poured at 700°C in Styrofoam pattern mold with 10 and 15 minutes holding time, then cooled with medium air, brine, and water of PDAM for 30 minutes. The material used is excavator aluminum alloy (scrap) izumi piston with silicon aluminum alloy (Al-12% Si). The highest hardness value obtained from the results of

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Ikeda, Takashi, Keisuke Yamazaki, Hiroshi Kumakura, and Hiroshi Hamamoto. "Effect of Cooling of Medium on Fruit Set in High-bench Strawberry Culture." HortScience 42, no. 1 (2007): 88–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.42.1.88.

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We demonstrated the effect of cooling of the medium on the fruit set of strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) grown on high benches for forcing culture. The cooling by water evaporation promoted by a fan enabled to cool the medium by an average of several degrees compared with no cooling. When runner plants were transplanted in late summer, cooling accelerated flower bud emergence almost 10 days on the primary axillary branch compared with plants grown in uncooled medium. Also, with cooling, fruit was harvested from the inflorescence of the primary axillary branch almost 10 days earlier. We

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Guo, You Dan. "Critical Cooling Rate and Design of Mould Cooling System for Hot Forming of High-Strength Sheet." Advanced Materials Research 295-297 (July 2011): 1474–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.295-297.1474.

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High-strength sheet including 2MnB5 Boron and magnesium alloy sheet is the material commonly used in modern machinery, which is easy to induce problems such as excessive rebound, cracking, forming force increase, easy mould wear and the like. The heat analysis of 2MnB5 Boron and magnesium alloy sheet hot stamping forming process and experiments indicate that the transition process from Austenite to Martensite by controlling the sheet heating and cooling temperature is the foundation of heat forming. Only when the cooling rate reaches or surpasses the critical cooling rate, Austenite can be tra

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Minko, A.N., and V.V. Shevchenko. "Improving Heat Exchange Systems of Turbogenerators in Order to Increase Their Efficiency." Problemele Energeticii Regionale 1 (39) (April 24, 2019): 80–89. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2650425.

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The goal of this work is to define parameters that characterize turbogenerator heat exchanger efficiency and to develop recommendations for its increase by improving the heat exchanger design in different modes and ranges of electromagnetic loads for different cooling medium types (air, hydrogen, water). The paper uses the results of studies of the thermal state of turbogenerators of foreign and domestic authors, where it is noted that the global economic crisis has complicated the possibility of timely replacement of turbine generators that have expired, therefore partial replacement and/or m

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Pranoto, Bayu, Subagiyo Subagiyo, Samsul Hadi, and Muhamad Zidan Wibowo. "Tensile Strength Analysis of AISI 1045 Steel Results of Smaw Welding Using Variations of Preheat and Cooling Media." LOGIC : Jurnal Rancang Bangun dan Teknologi 22, no. 3 (2022): 214–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/logic.v22i3.214-224.

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In the welding process, there are many factors that need to be considered, including heat input, cooling rate, the material being welded, and the use of added materials, if these factors are not considered, they can cause cracks in the American Iron & Steel Institute (AISI) 1045 material. to determine the effect of preheat variations on tensile strength, the effect of cooling media on tensile strength, and to determine the interaction of preheat variations and cooling media on tensile strength. This research method used experimentally by varying the preheat temperature 250⁰C, 325⁰C, 400⁰C,

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Tasilbhai, Dodiya Sahil. "Performance Analysis of Thermoelectric Cooling with Thermal Control Battery System for Electric Vehicle." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 12, no. 2 (2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.b3871.1212222.

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A promising type of green transport, lithium battery-powered electric cars (EVs) have attracted a lot of attention and interest in the current years. In this study, thermoelectric cooling with forced convection was designed and possible cooling method for a thermal control battery system. Compared to free convection cooling, air cooling and TEC cooling appear TEC is the leading cooling work. Conditional tests are done on created battery thermal control battery system for EV automobile vehicles. The advanced battery thermal control battery can be a combination of TE Cooling, air cooling, and li

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Dodiya, Sahil Tasilbhai. "Performance Analysis of Thermoelectric Cooling with Thermal Control Battery System for Electric Vehicle." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) 12, no. 2 (2022): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.B3871.1212222.

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<strong>Abstract:</strong> A promising type of green transport, lithium battery-powered electric cars (EVs) have attracted a lot of attention and interest in the current years. In this study, thermoelectric cooling with forced convection was designed and possible cooling method for a thermal control battery system. Compared to free convection cooling, air cooling and TEC cooling appear TEC is the leading cooling work. Conditional tests are done on created battery thermal control battery system for EV automobile vehicles. The advanced battery thermal control battery can be a combination of TE C

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Ali, Mohd Amran, Siti Salmah, Zulkeflee Abdullah, et al. "Effect of Different Coolant Medium on Warpage Deflection Using Moldflow Insight Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 761 (May 2015): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.761.42.

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The effect of mould temperature on warpage using water and oil as coolant fluid was studied using flow software analysis. Mould temperature was controlled using two types of coolants; where cold mould was controlled by water and hot mould was controlled by oil. The simulation analysis was performed using flow software analysis Moldflow Plastics Insight (MPI). Taguchi method was used to design the planning matrix and to find the optimum levels of input variables. Then, to find the percentage contribution of input variables on output variables, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used. It is found

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Setiadi, Deni, and Achmad Kusairi Samlawi. "PENGARUH QUENCHING DENGAN MEDIA PENDINGIN AIR DAN OLI TERHADAP MECHANICAL PROPERTIS BAJA S45C." JTAM ROTARY 1, no. 2 (2019): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jtam_rotary.v1i2.1751.

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The role of steel in the industrial world today is very important, especially in terms of making components related to violence such as gears, fly wheel, axe, and so forth.This steel has a high hardness for components that require hardness, to uletan and resistance to friction. get hardness and resistance to steel hence need heat treatment process using Quenching process. The material of this research is S45C carbon steel with specimen number 1 for hardness test before treatment and after treatment with rockwell test, this process is done in Central Laboratory of FMIPA UM, unfortunate. In this

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Fabian, A. C. "X-ray Haloes and Cooling Flows." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 144 (1991): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900089130.

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The properties of hot gaseous haloes in massive early-type galaxies are briefly reviewed. Gas flows in such haloes are complex yet so large-scale that they may guide us in the understanding of flows around disk galaxies. The intracluster medium is discussed as a further illustration of the properties of diffuse hot gas trapped in a gravtational well. Finally, the possibility of the existence of a significant diffuse medium in the Local Group, and in groups in general, is revived. Such a medium would generate a substantial disk-halo interaction with our Galaxy.

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