Academic literature on the topic 'Cooperative agriculture – Finance'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cooperative agriculture – Finance"
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Lokesha and Iqbal Thonse Hawaldar. "Impact of factors on the utilization of agricultural credit of banks: an analysis from the borrowers’ perspective." Banks and Bank Systems 14, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.14(1).2019.16.
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Agricultural credit is required for the development of agriculture scenario in any economy. Commercial, cooperative and regional rural banks have extended agricultural credit to the farmers in Dakshina Kannada district of India. The effectiveness of agricultural credit system depends on the utilization of credit funds by the borrowers. The present study made an attempt to understand the factors influencing the utilization of agricultural credit of banks in Dakshina Kannada. The study used primary and secondary data. Primary data are gathered from the borrowers of banks operating in Dakshina Kannada district. The study found that there is an impact of demographic, agriculture and agricultural credit factors on the purpose of utilization of agricultural credit in Dakshina Kannada district.
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Gonzalo Herranz De, Rafael, and Sebastián Fernandez-Prados Juan. "Intensive agriculture, marketing and social structure: the case of south-eastern Spain." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 64, No. 8 (August 30, 2018): 367–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/318/2016-agricecon.
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The main purpose of this study was to analyse the opinions of farmers in the province of Almería concerning the state of the fruit and vegetable sector, to learn about the main considerations in their decision-making processes when marketing their products and their assessment of the image of companies and cooperatives and to analyse the social structure of this collective. To that end, the analysis was conducted on three levels: a descriptive analysis on two levels – a quantitative analysis of the socio-demographic, socio-economic and marketing characteristics of farmers in the province of Almería and a qualitative analysis based on the opinions of farmers and a group of experts in the sector; and an explanatory analysis, based on a binary logistic regression model, to show how decision-making occurs in the marketing dialectic, whether it either be at the source (auction) or the end-point (cooperative). The conclusion is that the marketing variables that are most tied to context – such as price, timeframe or certification – better explain the decision-making process of farmers in the province of Almería when marketing their products, both for cooperative members and for those who sell their products in alhóndigas (traditional auction houses).
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Chumarina, Gulnara Raisovna, and Olga Alexandrovna Shipshova. "Ways to Increase the Competitiveness of Agricultural Consumer Cooperatives in Modern Conditions." International Journal of Financial Research 12, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v12n2p318.
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This paper explores the problem of developing agricultural consumer cooperation enterprises and increasing their competitiveness. According to the authors, the development of agricultural cooperation can give an impetus to increasing the potential of rural areas, will solve the food security problem of the Russian Federation, and stimulate the development of national agriculture. The study identifies the main problems that hinder the development of agricultural cooperation in Russia, including the low competitiveness of these enterprises, insufficient knowledge and poor motivation of the population to create a cooperative movement, the lack of effective state support for agricultural producers from the regional and federal authorities, as well as policies pursued by large retailers, which are mainly aimed at increasing imports of agricultural products. The authors propose a comprehensive approach to solve these problems by highlighting several key priority areas. At the same time, the priority task is to increase the competitiveness of consumer cooperation enterprises and their products. The paper analyses the activities of agricultural consumer cooperation enterprises in the Republic of Tatarstan and offers recommendations to improve the competitiveness of consumer societies, in particular, by creating a wholesale distribution and logistics link for cooperation, reducing costs, and optimizing the assortment.
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Colvin, Christopher L., Stuart Henderson, and John D. Turner. "The origins of the (cooperative) species: Raiffeisen banking in the Netherlands, 1898–1909 1." European Review of Economic History 24, no. 4 (January 14, 2020): 749–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ereh/hez018.
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Abstract Cooperatively owned Raiffeisen banks first emerged in the Netherlands in the late 1890s and spread rapidly across the country. Using a new dataset, we investigate the determinants of their market entry and early performance. We find the cooperative organisational form, when allied to a change in the structure of Dutch agriculture and the socioreligious pillarisation of Dutch society, was an important factor explaining their entry into rural financial markets. While religious organisations provided a necessary impetus for the emergence of Raiffeisen banks, the economic advantages associated with cooperative enterprises ensured the subsequent survival and success of these banks. “We will now discuss in a little more detail the Struggle for Existence.” From Charles Darwin, The Origins of the Species (1859)
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Sun, Hongbo. "China-Venezuelan Oil Cooperation Model." Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 13, no. 5-6 (October 8, 2014): 648–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341322.
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With the shift of the world growth gravity from the industrialized countries to the emerging economies, the China-Latin American relationship has greater political and economic implications in the current international power transition. The energy ties between China and Latin America have been significantly strengthened in the oil sector and the China-Venezuela oil cooperation model is a unique example that might explain the dynamics of China’s energy interaction with Latin American resource countries. This oil cooperation model is a plural collaboration pattern with the oil sector as the cooperation axis and is extended to the infrastructure, high-tech, agriculture and other sectors under the intergovernmental institutionalized cooperative framework, which is supported by Chinese financial credit. China and Venezuela have high complementarities of energy interest in terms of the oil trade, finance and infrastructure building, based on the two countries’ relative economic advantages.
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Abdulzahra Hamdan, Ahmed, and Safaa Ali Hussein. "Cooperative decision-making on fiscal and monetary policy in Iraq using the prisoner’s dilemma." Banks and Bank Systems 15, no. 4 (December 9, 2020): 88–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.15(4).2020.08.
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This paper investigates the interaction between fiscal and monetary policy in Iraq after 2003 using the prisoner’s dilemma.The paper aims to determine the best form of coordination between these policies to achieve their goals; payoff matrix for both policies was constructed. To achieve the purpose, the quantitative approach was applied using several methods, including regression, building payoff matrices and decision analysis using a number of software.The results of the monetary policy payment function show that inflation rate has an inverse relationship with the auctions of selling foreign currency and a positive relationship with the government’s activity, while the fiscal policy function shows that real growth is positively related to price levels (the inverted Phillips curve) and correlates with the government’s activity. After using the Gambit Solution to determine the Nash balance, which is achieved through the expansion strategies of both policies to confirm the results, the Promethee-Gaia method was used for multi-criteria decision making. When the two policies interact with similar forces (50% each), the best decision is one of the expansionary strategies that help achieve their main objectives in the short and long term, represented by price stability and economic growth.The main conclusion is that the best way to achieve the goals of economic policy in Iraq is that the coordination of procedures between the two policies should be expansionary, since the Iraqi economy needs to be stimulated due to the under-exploitation of many its sectors, such as agriculture and industry.
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Maulida, Sri, and Ahmad Yunani. "Masalah dan Solusi Model Pengembangan Pembiayaan Pertanian dari Aspek Keuangan Syari’ah." Cakrawala: Jurnal Studi Islam 12, no. 2 (December 23, 2017): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/cakrawala.v12i2.1677.
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This study aims to discuss the problems and solutions in terms of sharia financial aspects of the development of agricultural financing. This study used multiple linear regression analysis with ordinary least square method (OLS) combined with a descriptive explorative approach and developed by using literature review approach or literature study. The theory or conceptual approach is done by referring from several sources, such as books, scientific journals, and the internet. All existing idea descriptions are combined into a single frame of thought. The results showed that the variable of problem financing in agriculture sector had a significant negative effect on the profitability of sharia banking, therefore the application of financing concept for farmers through Sharia Finance Cooperative or Baitul Maal bi Tamwil (BMT) using Bai 'Salam".
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Zanasi, Margherita. "Exporting Development: The League of Nations and Republican China." Comparative Studies in Society and History 49, no. 1 (December 15, 2006): 143–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417507000436.
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In 1931, the Chinese minister of finance, Song Ziwen (T. V. Soong), reached an agreement with the League of Nations on a Program of Technical Cooperation with China. The program was intended to provide the Nationalist government—the republican government that ruled China from 1927 to 1949—with much-needed technological and financial aid in support of its nation-building effort. As a result, the League sent a number of experts to China. The first group focused mostly on public health, education, water conservation, and transportation (Zhang 1999). In 1933, however, the original agreement was revised and expanded to include economic development, with special emphasis on agriculture. In this context, a new group of League specialists visited China. Among them were three experts in rural cooperative societies: the Briton William Kenneth Hunter Campbell, the Italian Mario Dragoni, and the German Max Brauer.
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Раманаускас, Юлюс, Julius Ramanauskas, Римантас Сташис, and Rimantas Stays. "Agriculture Cooperatives in Lithuania: development issues." Russian Journal of Management 3, no. 4 (August 31, 2015): 402–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/13107.
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The evolution of cooperation in Lithuanian agriculture during the past century is analysed in the paper. It was found that cooperation has greatly depended on farming conditions, traditions of communication, state policy with respect to the development of agriculture and cooperation, and various economic conditions. Particularly significant are the specific features of development during transition of economic conditions: weak agricultural structures (farmer’s farms, agricultural companies); the domination of share capital in the processing industry and commerce, and the insufficiency of agricultural and foodstuffs markets.
The basis of analysis in this paper are the theoretical preconditions for the principles of development of the activity of cooperatives. It was determined that most prospective preconditions for development of cooperation at present and in the near future emphasize the comparitive weight of the cost of production of raw materials, i.e. cooperatives of facilities, realisation, finance and representation of interests.
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Rankin, R., and D. L. Creech. "THE STEPHEN F. AUSTIN STATE UNIVERSITY ARBORETUM: DEVELOPING AN EDUCATIONAL OUTREACH POTENTIAL." HortScience 25, no. 8 (August 1990): 848e—848. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.8.848e.
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Horticultural enrollments have fallen since the late 1970's and faculties are scrambling to find new ways to creatively finance educational and outreach programs. The Stephen F. Austin State University Arboretum was sanctioned by the administration in March, 1987. Eight acres of land that lie on LaNana creek are directly associated with the Agriculture building and horticultural facility. Gardens that feature a wide range of rare, unusual, and untested landscape plants are being developed by students, volunteers, and a mix of outside monies. The history of a City/SFASU project to develop a three mile LaNana Creek trail will be described. A cooperative effort with the Herb Society of Deep East Texas, a 121-acre conservancy easement project, and Asian vegetable studies are currently under the arboretum umbrella.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cooperative agriculture – Finance"
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Sabih, Sacha Francis. "The CSA method of alternative financing in agriculture : a case study." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0004/MQ44267.pdf.
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Brant, Barry. "Alternative strategic financial plans for Garden City Co-op." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/879.
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Graham, Sarah. "An analysis of efficiency in banking : a case study of the People's National Cooperative Bank of Jamaica." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97401.
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Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research report is a case study of a rural agricultural cooperative bank, the People’s National Cooperative Bank (NPCB). The NPCB has its foundations in the early 1900s and today operates 37 branches across the island of Jamaica. Notwithstanding its history, the NPCB has continued to suffer from issues related to overall profitability and therefore has undergone various transformations and amalgamations of branches over the years. This study involves a comparative analysis of branch performance based on branch-specific financial data. Best and worst practice banks are identified along with their key characteristics in order to pinpoint areas of operations that may benefit from improvement. It is suggested that the variance in the level of efficiency with which resources are employed and incomes earned are factors which affect the level of performance of individual branches. The findings of the research indicate large variations in branch expenses, incomes and lending rates and suggest the need for further examination of branches on a case-by-case basis in order to better facilitate improvements in their respective levels of efficiency.
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Makhuvha, Musiwalo Jeremiah. "Matabane Secondary Agricultural Co-operative : challenges and opportunities in sustaining enterprise development." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95595.
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Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the 19th century, farming in South Africa included vibrant small scale farms that were market responsive and competitive. Legislation enacted in the early 20th century adversely affected these farmers while supporting the development of large commercial farmers. The extensive government support for the White farmers was seen as a mode of increasing national output as well as creating food self-sufficiency, but at the same time, this decreased food security for the Black population. Major changes in the South African government in 1994 attempted to address these inequalities, amongst other, by supporting small-scale farmers. However, the gap between White and Black producers has been closing very slowly. Small-scale farming faced a wide range of enterprise development challenges. As a response to these challenges, the Government enacted the New Co-operative Act No.14 of 2005 to promote sustainable small business development by introducing the provision of incentives for agricultural co-operatives. This study has sought to determine the challenges and opportunities that are encountered in sustaining enterprise development and has used the Matabane Secondary Agricultural Co-operative (MSAC) as a case study. The goal is to develop strategies which can minimise the challenges and exploit the opportunities that will enable MSAC to realise its ultimate goal of improving livelihoods and reducing poverty. A review of current literature provided the secondary data for the study. The literature indicated the importance of social and physical capital in the sustainability of enterprise development. Social capital, in the context of sustainability of livelihoods, is defined as networks with shared norms, values and understandings that facilitate co-operation within the group. It can also be seen as the ability of the co-operative or group to secure benefits through membership in networks and other social structures (Finkelstein et al., 2007, Porters, 2000). Physical capital refers to any non-human asset made by humans and then used in the production process (Finkelstein et al, 2007, Porters, 2000). Primary data was collected using structured questionnaires delivered to 37 members of the MSAC. Thirty one members responded and were interviewed personally by the researcher. The questions were designed to investigate the challenges and opportunities faced by members and how they relate to social and physical capital. The results were analysed quantitatively using both descriptive and chi-squared statistical analysis. The results reflect the challenges and opportunities for enterprise development as perceived by co-operative members. The analysis explored this in terms of social and physical capital. The predominant challenges described were lack of access to finance and lack of mechanisation. The greatest opportunities seen were related to the bonds, bridges and linkages formed by co-operative members. Based on the assessment of the study, several recommendations were made. The introduction of a Co-operative Development Fund (CDF) would support and strengthen the co-operative financially, addressing both the issues of lack of access to finance and lack of mechanisation. On-site training programmes would enhance the members’ ability to participate in the decision making process of the co-operative and better manage their operations. The study has further shown that a lack of, or limited intra-governmental co-ordination proved to be one of the major challenging factors. It would be advantageous to organise an intergovernmental information service whose purpose would be to co-ordinate activities and pool resources of different agencies in their efforts to achieve common goals.
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Russell, Levi Alan. "Cost efficiency and capital structure in farms and cooperatives." Diss., Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16860.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Agricultural Economics
Brian C. Briggeman
U.S. farm profitability is near historic highs. This fact raises many questions related to the economics of production agriculture. Three questions are examined in this dissertation. First, should farmers use a different benchmark for farm profitability? To answer this question, a benchmark of farm profitability is developed that adds balance sheet information to an established benchmark which uses only income statement data. The second and third questions focus on cooperatives since farmers rely on efficient cooperative management to maximize their return on investment in the cooperative and their own farm profitability. How should cooperatives allocate earnings to farmers? To answer this question, a model is developed to inform boards of directors regarding optimal equity allocation decisions. Finally, do cooperatives face agency costs? To answer this question, a variable cost model is estimated to examine the indirect costs of leverage. The first essay used data from Kansas farms to determine the effects of the use of debt on cost efficiency. A nonparametric cost efficiency model was used to examine these effects. Results indicated that farms which were more specialized, had higher capital costs, and used more equity to finance assets experienced larger increases in efficiency when the use of debt was included in the analysis. The second essay used information on effective tax rates and empirically-estimated risk aversion coefficients in a portfolio model to determine the effects of different tax rates on the distribution of earnings. Results indicated that even a large deviation in current effective tax rates is not likely to affect the optimal share of allocated earnings. However, member risk preferences had an economically significant effect on the optimal share of allocated earnings, suggesting that board members focus on understanding member risk preferences. The third essay used data from U.S. agricultural cooperatives to determine the presence of agency costs due to the use of debt. A variable cost function was estimated to generate an index of variable cost efficiency which was used to determine the indirect costs of leverage. A negative relationship between debt and variable cost efficiency was found, indicating that agency costs were present for agricultural cooperatives.
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Schroder, Monica. "Finanças, comunidades e inovações : organizações financeiras da agricultura familiar - o Sistema Cresol (1995-2003)." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/285556.
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Orientador: Angela Antonia KageyamaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T02:33:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Schroder_Monica_D.pdf: 2058282 bytes, checksum: 54fca7a7ed8b1fc1ea6c110fb99711c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005
Resumo: Governos, agências de cooperação internacional, organizações não-governamentais, associações, cooperativas e instituições financeiras vêm reconhecendo, especialmente a partir dos anos 1990, a importância do microcrédito e das microfinanças para atender as demandas financeiras das populações mais pobres, que não têm acesso ao sistema financeiro ou acessam-no com dificuldades. São novas modalidades de operacionalização dos produtos financeiros, que facilitam o acesso a contas corrente e de poupança, seguros e créditos de pequeno montante e que utilizam a maior proximidade social com a clientela para avaliar o risco e as garantia do crédito concedido. Organizações financeiras adaptadas vêm atendendo também as demandas financeiras dos agricultores familiares, em diversos países. No Brasil, o Sistema de Cooperativas de Crédito Rural com Interação Solidária ¿ o Sistema Cresol, na região Sul, formado por pequenas cooperativas, atende exclusivamente esse público. Constituído no biênio 1995/1996, o Cresol apresenta importantes resultados: tem ampliado e universalizado o atendimento financeiro, reduzido os custos de transação dos financiamentos, consolidado laços com o espaço local e com os agentes que nele atuam e assegurado sua sustentabilidade institucional e financeira. Para responder por que as organizações financeiras da agricultura familiar, como o Sistema Cresol, conseguem ampliar o acesso desses agricultores aos benefícios da política de financiamento rural e ao sistema financeiro, alcançando segmentos sociais que, tradicionalmente, o sistema bancário não prioriza ou tem dificuldades para atender, elaborou-se esta tese. Sua hipótese é que as organizações financeiras da agricultura familiar produzem, em relação às práticas tradicionais do sistema bancário, inovações em diferentes dimensões para a oferta de crédito e de outros serviços financeiros; a capacidade de inovar é função dos elementos do arranjo institucional em que a atuação das organizações está fundamentada. O objetivo é analisar os elementos do arranjo institucional que sustenta o Sistema Cresol, os atributos que tornam tal arranjo inovador, conferindo-lhe eficiência na coordenação de determinada transação, e o papel das inovações para a própria permanência da organização financeira. A análise se fundamenta, desse modo, nos fatores econômicos e não-econômicos da trajetória e dinâmica do Sistema Cresol. Conclui-se que a flexibilidade que as cooperativas têm para se adequarem à realidade das comunidades em que atuam, que facilita a assimilação ao arranjo institucional da complexa trama social local, e os instrumentos de gestão contábil-financeira e de controle social, que facilitam o processo de aprendizagem acerca da organização, são os elementos que diferenciam o arranjo institucional do Sistema Cresol, favorecem as inovações e atribuem maior consistência às variáveis econômico-financeiras. A identidade institucional baseia-se, portanto, em vínculos concretos entre duas realidades, a das organizações financeiras e a dos agricultores familiares, havendo, por isso, uma proximidade social entre a atuação das cooperativas e as demandas financeiras dos agricultores e, também, a adequação dessas demandas à racionalidade econômica que caracteriza o empreendimento cooperativo
Abstract: Governments, international cooperation agencies, no-government organizations (NGO¿s), associations, cooperatives and financial institutions are recognizing, especially from the 1990¿s, the importance of the microcredit and of the microfinance among the poorest populations that either don't have access to financial system or have difficulties in doing it. There are new services modalities of the financial products in that the proximity with the clientele is important to evaluate the risk and the guaranteed of credit and facilitate the access of the checking account, saving, safe and small credit. In several countries financial organizations are also assisting the family farmers' financial demands. In Brazil, the System of Rural Credit Cooperatives with Solidary Interaction - the Cresol System, in Southern area, was created to serving family farmers organized in small cooperatives. Created in 1995/1996 biennium, Cresol System has presents remarkable results: it has been enlarging and universalized the financial service; reduced the financings transaction costs; consolidated the links between the local space and agents; and strengthen the institutional and financial sustainability. In order to contribute to the understanding of this issue, this thesis set out to answers why the family farms financial organizations, as the Cresol System, gets to enlarge the access of farmers to the benefits of the rural financing where traditionally the bank system doesn't prioritize or assist. The hypothesis is that the family farmers¿ financial organizations have been innovative in many dimensions of the credit line and other financial services; the innovate capacity is due to the elements of the institutional arrangement in that the performance of the organizations is based. The main objective is analyze the elements of such institutional arrangement that sustains the Cresol System; the attributes that turn such arrangement innovative in improving the performance of the specific transaction coordination; and the role of the innovations in preserve the permanence of the own financial organization. The analysis is based on the economical and no-economical factors of the trajectory and dynamics of the Cresol System. The results of such investigation point out that, firstly, the cooperatives flexibility to adapt to such communities' reality (poor and small farmer family), that facilitates the assimilation to the institutional arrangement, and secondly, the instruments of the account-financial management and social control, that facilitate the organization learning process area. Both elements that differentiate the Cresol System's institutional arrangement favor the innovations and attribute better consistence to the economical-financial elements. The institutional identity is based on concrete links between two realities: the one of the financial organizations and the other of the family farmers. It results in a social proximity between the cooperatives performance, the farmers' financial demands and the demands adaptation to the economical rationality that characterizes the cooperative enterprise
Doutorado
Politica Economica
Doutor em Ciências Econômicas
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Menegário, Alexandre Hattnher. "Emprego de indicadores sócio-econômicos na avaliação financeira de cooperativas agropecuárias." Universidade de São Paulo, 2000. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-11032002-104853/.
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A maioria das cooperativas brasileiras preocupa-se em avaliar periodicamente apenas sua dimensão econômico-financeira, esquecendo-se de considerar que esse tipo de empresa é também uma sociedade de pessoas que tem, como objetivo principal, a prestação de serviços a seus associados. A introdução de indicadores sócio-econômicos, entendido como aqueles que refletem o desempenho social das cooperativas, visa justamente aprimorar os modelos, hoje existentes, de avaliação financeira de cooperativas agropecuárias. O presente estudo adquire importância na medida em que se fundamenta no elevado volume de crédito alocado no segmento cooperativista agropecuário brasileiro, acima de 3 bilhões de reais, em 1997, somente através de seu maior credor, o Banco do Brasil, onde cerca de 50% encontravam-se, à época, em situação de inadimplência. Utilizou-se, como embasamento teórico para este estudo, a Teoria da Agência, enfocando a relação entre administradores da cooperativa e associados como uma típica relação \"agente-principal\". Partindo-se dessa teoria, foram escolhidos três indicadores sócio-econômicos e um modelo logit oi ajustado com a finalidade de testar a influência dos mesmos na previsão de nadimplência de cooperativas agropecuárias paranaenses. Os resultados mostram que esses indicadores realmente interferem na previsão de inadimplência das cooperativas analisadas e que sua introdução num modelo que tem, como variáveis independentes, apenas indicadores econômico-financeiros, melhora o índice de acerto, expresso pelo número de casos classificados corretamente. Futuros estudos relacionados à avaliação financeira de cooperativas agropecuárias devem, portanto, considerar a inclusão de indicadores sócio-econômicos.Most of the brazilian cooperatives are concerned with evaluating periodically only its economical and financial dimension, forgetting to consider that this kind of enterprise is also a society of people which have one main purpose: the assistance to its membership. The social indicators, which reflect the social performance of cooperatives, were introduced to improve the existent models of financial evaluation, developed for rural cooperatives. The importance of this study is based on the high amount of credit alocated on the Brazilian rural cooperativist segment. Only within the Banco do Brasil, its major creditor, this amount exceeded, in 1997, the sum of US$ 2,6 billion, with a default rate of about 50%. Using the theoretical basis of the \"Agency Theory\", this dissertation focused the relation between the managers of the cooperative and their membership, as a typical principal-agent relation. Starting with this theory, three social indicators were choosen and a logit model was adjusted to test the influence of the selected indicators on default prediction of rural cooperatives. The results indicated that these social indicators actually interfere on default prediction of rural cooperatives and that their introduction in a model which have only economic indicators, increase the number of events correctly classified. Therefore, future studies related to the financial evaluation of rural cooperatives should consider the introduction of social indicators.
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Nielsen, Kevin. "Creating value with equity management at Ag Valley Cooperative." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/19693.
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Master of AgribusinessDepartment of Agricultural Economics
David Barton
The main objective of this thesis is to aid Ag Valley Cooperative’s board of directors in the construction of a superior income distribution and equity redemption strategy. The key information provided is a detailed financial analysis and pro forma financial projections. Ultimately, this study focuses on increasing patron value by returning retained patronage refunds in an equitable and timely manner. This paper examines the benefits of eliminating Ag Valley Cooperative’s current equity redemption program, age of patron, and replacing it with a revolving fund. Chapter 1 introduces Ag Valley Cooperative and gives a brief description of the cooperative’s business model. The chapter concludes with the study’s methodology. Chapter 2 briefly examines cooperatives and people who use them. This chapter introduces Cooperative Performance Profile, the financial analysis used in the study. The chapter concludes with a look at cooperative finance theory and equity management. Chapter 3 describes key points of the Cooperative Performance Profile and separates it into five groupings: profitability, liquidity, solvency, efficiency, and size. Analyses are conducted in each category on Ag Valley Cooperative’s historic trends and comparisons to other Nebraska cooperatives. In Chapter 4 Ag Valley Cooperative’s current equity redemption strategy is defined along with four pro forma analyses. The first strategy, S0, assumes the cooperative continues business as normal with estate and age of patron redemption methods. Strategies S1 and S2 interject balance sheet management constraints and revolving fund redemption into the projection. In S1, revolving fund equity redemption is added to distribute any excess equity redemption budget, in S2 the revolving fund method is phased in. Strategy S3 builds upon S2 with a look at the effects and tax consequences of distributing non-qualified equity or retained patronage refunds instead of qualified retained patronage refunds.
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Hines, Christopher A. "Profitability drivers of farmer cooperatives: a Dupont model analysis." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/17561.
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Master of AgribusinessDepartment of Agricultural Economics
Brian Briggeman
“Skyscrapers of the plains” is a term which refers to the country elevators spread throughout Kansas and the Midwest, along with the elevators are farmer cooperatives. Farmer cooperatives have been around for more than a century to serve the area farmers as a place to store and market their grain and to purchase their farm inputs. The objective of this research is to identify key profitability drivers of farmer cooperatives of different sizes throughout time. This will be done by using a unique data set gathered from the CoBank’s RiskAnalysis database and examining it with the DuPont model. The project breaks down the data by size, large vs. small, and location. If a cooperative has done more than 100 million dollars in sales in 2010, it was classified as large for the entire time period, all other cooperatives were small. Location was either Kansas or Midwest. In this model, operating profit margin or earns, asset turnover ratio or turns, debt-to-equity ratio or leverage, and spread are examined. Also examined are Return on Assets, the operating performance, and Return on Equity, the financial performance, of the cooperative. Board of Directors and cooperative managers will be able to take this information and hopefully make decisions which make their respective cooperatives more profitable. With the information provided, cooperative managers and Board of Directors will be able to financially compare themselves versus other cooperatives of similar size whether they are in Kansas or in other Midwestern states.
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Padilha, Wilian. "O papel do crédito no desenvolvimento das cooperativas agropecuárias." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2014. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/36.
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In the 2000s, the Brazilian agricultural cooperatives experienced a process of horizontal and vertical expansion, which guaranteed highlight for the sector in national economic scenario. This growth occurred at different scales, in national, state and regional level. Thus, this dissertation seeks to analyze this process of growth in the recent period, with emphasis on the development of agricultural cooperatives in the Southwest of Paraná. The hypothesis of the research is that among the factors that conditioned such performance, federal policies for rural and agribusiness credit, were central to productive restructuring of cooperatives, which ensured the growth of the sector after 2003, moment of change important political and economic conditions in the country. The official credit in the period of modernization of agriculture, was the principal agent of development of cooperatives, and its scarcity in the nineties, has made the sector faced a time of recession, watching the rest of the national economy. In more recent context, funding policies regained its importance in the government plan, with increased resources and creation of sectorial and regional development programs. In the case of Southwest, the credit allowed for investment by cooperatives, especially an increase in production capacity, storage, productivity and agroindustrial integration.
Nos anos 2000, o cooperativismo agropecuário brasileiro vivenciou um processo de expansão horizontal e vertical, o que garantiu destaque para o setor no cenário econômico nacional. Esse crescimento ocorreu em diferentes escalas, a nível nacional, estadual e regional. Nesse sentido, esta Dissertação buscou analisar esse processo de crescimento no período recente, dando ênfase na evolução das cooperativas agropecuárias do Sudoeste do Paraná. A hipótese da pesquisa é que dentre os fatores que condicionaram tal desempenho, as políticas federais de crédito rural e agroindustrial foram centrais para a reestruturação produtiva das cooperativas, o que garantiu o crescimento do setor após 2003, momento de mudanças políticas e econômicas importantes no país. O crédito oficial no período de modernização da agricultura foi o principal agente do desenvolvimento das cooperativas, e sua escassez nos anos noventa fez com que o setor enfrentasse um momento de recessão, acompanhando o restante da economia nacional. No contexto mais recente, as políticas de financiamento retomaram sua importância no plano de governo, com elevação dos recursos e criação de programas de desenvolvimento setorial e regional. No caso do Sudoeste, o crédito possibilitou os investimentos das cooperativas, principalmente no aumento da capacidade produtiva, da armazenagem, da produtividade e da integração agroindustrial.
Books on the topic "Cooperative agriculture – Finance"
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R, Reddy C. Cooperative agricultural finance. Allahabad, India: Chugh Publications, 1988.
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Rathbone, Robert C. Understanding cooperatives: Financing cooperatives. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Rural Business and Cooperative Development Service, 1995.
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Eversull, E. Eldon. Cooperative equity redemption. Washington, D.C.]: U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Rural Business-Cooperative Programs, 2010.
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Turtiainen, Turto. Investment and finance in agricultural service cooperatives. Washington, D.C., U.S.A: World Bank, 1986.
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Mittelhammer, Ronald C. Rate and present value responsiveness to banks for cooperatives' equity capital program component variations. [Pullman]: Agriculture Research Center, College of Agriculture and Home Economics, Washington State University, 1985.
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O'Leary, Niall E. Irish dairy Co-operative financing for growth and development. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1988.
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Chesnick, David S. Top 100 cooperatives 1997 financial profile. Washington, D.C. (Ag Box 3250, Washington 20250-3250): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Rural Business--Cooperative Service, 1999.
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Panzutti, Ralph. Estratégias de financiamento das cooperativas agrícolas no Estado de São Paulo: Caso da Cooperativa dos Agricultores da Região de Orlândia. São Paulo: Instituto de Cooperativismo e Associativismo, Governo do Estado de São Paulo, Secretaria de Agricultura e Abastecimento, Coordenadoria Sócio-Econômica, 1997.
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Nong min zhuan ye he zuo she yu jin rong fu wu kai fa: Nongmin zhuanye hezuoshe yu jinrong fuwu kaifa. Beijing Shi: Zhongguo jin rong chu ban she, 2009.
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Pederson, Glenn D. Cost of capital for agriculture cooperatives. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Rural Business-Cooperative Service, 1998.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Cooperative agriculture – Finance"
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"Finance for Agriculture." In Agricultural Finance and Opportunities for Investment and Expansion, 26–55. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3059-6.ch002.
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Finance for funding agricultural activities can be fixed through three typical sources, namely formal, informal, and semi-formal channels. However, the small-scale farmers either by omission or commission tend to rely solely on informal sources of finance, for instance, personal savings, for funding agricultural activities. There is therefore the need to inform farmers on the array of sources of finance that are available for them for use boosting their farm investment and enterprise expansion. The objectives of the chapter include highlighting three important functions of an enterprise, defining the meaning of agricultural finance, describing sources of investment fund for agriculture, and discussing the rural finance institution-building programme. The methodology adopted is that of systematic and analytical review of relevant literature. Following from the review of relevant literature, this chapter argues that the reported reluctance of banks to lend to agriculture is dictated by the profit-making motives of the banks against the characteristic risky nature of agricultural enterprises. A way around the reluctance is government backed and efficiently targeted credit schemes. The chapter further argues that farmers should form cooperative societies and source loans from such cooperative societies at single digit interest rates. With respect to the cooperative societies, government should constantly and consciously discharge its responsibilities as they relate to supervision, monitoring, and evaluation of the activities of registered cooperative societies. The chapter observes that the formal sources of agricultural finance are capable of mobilizing a large sum of money; however, in the process of financial intermediation, a relatively small fraction of the whole gets to agriculture. On their part, the informal sources tend to mobilize funds for agriculture at high and therefore unsustainable interest rates to farmers. Incentives and subsidies are therefore required for financing agriculture. It is specifically recommended that African governments should strive to commit themselves to the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme's call for the allocation of at least 10% of the national budget for agriculture to achieve a target of 6% annual agricultural growth.
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McKanan, Dan. "Flowers." In Eco-Alchemy. University of California Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520290051.003.0004.
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Rudolf Steiner’s teaching on economics, along with his broader social theory of “threefolding,” inspired the emergence of green banking and community-supported agriculture in the 1970s and 1980s. Steiner taught that economics, politics, and culture represent three distinct social spheres, each with its own inner processes; he also taught that the economic sphere should be characterized by “fraternal” cooperation. This idea inspired a cluster of short-lived cooperative enterprises just after World War I and was revived with greater success beginning in the 1970s. Anthroposophical banks and social finance organizations include GLS Bank, Triodos Bank, and RSF Social Finance in the United States. The cooperative principles that govern the banks contributed to the evolution of social entrepreneurship and “B-corps” and inspired biodynamic farmers to create community-supported agriculture, in which a community of consumers shares the costs and risks of maintaining a farm.
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Li, Shanliang, Shan Yan, and Liwen Liu. "Supply Chain Finance for Targeted Poverty Alleviation: A Case Study of Suning." In Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. IOS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia200647.
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The sudden emergence of ‘COVID-19’ in 2020 has tightened traffic control in various places, which has posed a huge challenge to the agricultural product supply chain. This research introduces the perspective of supply chain finance, uses in-depth case study methods, and takes Suning’s agricultural supply chain finance as an example to discuss how e-commerce companies relying on big data adopt agricultural supply chain finance practices to promote accurate poverty alleviation. By analyzing Suning’s four agricultural supply chain financial operation models, we find that the internal and external stakeholders of the enterprise are the driving factors for enterprises to adopt agricultural supply chain finance, and the adoption of agricultural supply chain finance measures has brought economic benefits and social benefits to enterprises benefit. Advanced big data tools, fintech and cooperation with other partners are necessary to adopt agricultural supply chain financial measures.
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Mukhala, Elijah. "Food and Agriculture Organization and Agricultural Droughts." In Monitoring and Predicting Agricultural Drought. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195162349.003.0044.
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The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations was founded in 1945 with a mandate to raise levels of nutrition and standards of living, to improve agricultural productivity, and to improve the condition of rural populations in the world. Today, FAO is the largest specialized agency in the United Nations system and is the lead agency for agriculture and rural development. FAO is composed of eight departments: Agriculture, Economic and Social, Fisheries, Forestry, Sustainable Development, Technical Cooperation, General Affairs, and Information and Administration and Finance. As an intergovernmental organization, FAO has 183 member countries plus one member organization, the European Union. Since its inception, FAO has worked to alleviate poverty and hunger by promoting agricultural development, improved nutrition, and the pursuit of food security—defined as the access of all people at all times to the food they need for an active and healthy life. Food production in the world has increased at an unprecedented rate since FAO was founded, outpacing the doubling of the world’s population over the same period. Since the early 1960s, the proportion of hungry people in the developing world has been reduced from more than 50% to less than 20%. Despite these progressive developments, more than 790 million people in the developing world— more than the total population of North America and Western Europe combined—still go hungry (FAO, 2004). FAO strives to reduce food insecurity in the world, especially in developing countries. In 1996, the World Food Summit convened by FAO in Rome adopted a plan of action aimed to reduce the number of the world’s hungry people in half by 2015. While the proper foundation of this goal lies, among others, in the increase of food production and ensuring access to food, there is also a need to monitor the current food supply and demand situation, so that timely interventions can be planned whenever the possibility of drought, famine, starvation, or malnutrition exists. With an imminent food crisis, actions need to be taken as early as possible because it takes time to mobilize resources, and logistic operations are often hampered by adverse natural or societal conditions, including war and civil strife.
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Qian, Xiaoyan, and Tava Lennon Olsen. "Operational and Financial Management in Agricultural Cooperatives." In Finance and Risk Management for International Logistics and the Supply Chain, 193–216. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-813830-4.00008-3.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Cooperative agriculture – Finance"
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Li, Yi, and Zhu Xihua. "Short Analysis of the stakeholders’ benefit and satisfaction about Rural Land Share Cooperatives of the Southern Jiangsu Province." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/ztfm2175.
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The agricultural land around Shanghai is famous for its huge population and intensive cultivation. With the expansion of the metropolis, a large number of agricultural people have entered the city to work, and rural land has been abandoned1,2. In 2009, Kunshan City implemented a land transfer system, and 99% of the cultivated land was packaged for large scale farmers, and initially realized large‐scale operation3 . However, the large‐scale business model has gradually experienced problems such as predatory management, ecological destruction, and no sense of social responsibility. Through the establishment of agricultural land share cooperatives, Changyun Village took the lead in realizing the collective management of agricultural land, taking shares in the land, giving priority to paying dividends to the land, and paying wages to the farmers working in the cooperative. The peasants' enthusiasm for entering the city has become an important buffer for the migrants to work in Shanghai and surrounding village.It has increased the employment rate. At the same time, it has supplied green agricultural products to the city, passed on agricultural technology, and activated local communities. This article intends to analyse the correlation between several village share cooperative models based on Changyun Village and the large family farm contracting model of more than ten villages, and the satisfaction of villagers, combined with property rights theory, scale economy theory, and accounting cooperatives. Cost‐benefit, evaluate the effect of “long cloud-style” collectivization on revitalizing the surrounding villages of metropolises and assess the satisfaction of governments at all levels. Through field interviews and questionnaire surveys, the correlation analysis of village cadres and villagers' satisfaction was conducted. The government is optimistic about the role of the "long cloud model" in grassroots management and improvement of people's livelihood. Even if public finances are required to invest a large amount of money, it is necessary to strengthen the medical and social security of the villagers. The government is also quite satisfied with the Changyun model. At present, the economic benefits of the stock cooperatives have steadily increased. Although the growth rate is not large, the villagers have a strong sense of well‐being, and the village's ecological environment has been improved. In the future, the cost of the village will be reduced after the large scale operation, and the overall economic benefits will be improved. The future research direction will be how to solve the specific problems that plague the cooperative's production and operation, such as low rice prices and lack of high value added finishing facilities to continue to activate the surrounding areas of the metropolis and improve the satisfaction of the government and villagers.
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Murphy, Cornelius. "Remediation of One Million Tons of Low-Level Radioactive Waste at the Department of Energy Fernald Closure Project." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-5001.
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The Fernald Waste Pits Remedial Action Project (WPRAP) is located within the Department of Energy (DOE) Fernald Closure Project (FCP) Site located 32 km (20 miles) northeast of Cincinnati, Ohio. The FCP covers 424 ha (1,050 acres) of land in a rural, agricultural community. Fluor Fernald, Inc., is the Prime Contractor to the DOE for management of the FCP remediation. The WPRAP is removing approximately one million tons of low-level radioactive waste from eight storage pits which cover 15 ha (38 acres). This waste was generated during the FCP uranium metal production years of 1952 to 1989. Radioactive leachate from these wastes contributed to the contamination of an 80 ha (200 acres) portion of the Great Miami Aquifer. This aquifer is a drinking water source for the greater Cincinnati area. This unique project is one of the largest in the history of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA)/ Superfund program. The objective of the project is the removal of all of the uranium and thorium contaminated wastes, soils and sludges from the waste pits area of the FCP. The facility in which these wastes are processed was financed and constructed by the Shaw Group (Shaw) and is operated jointly by Shaw and Fluor Fernald. Wet soils and sludges from the waste pits are excavated and thermally dried, then blended and analyzed. Once the waste has been determined to meet criteria for transportation and disposal, it is loaded into specialized railcars and transported by exclusive-use train to the Envirocare Waste Disposal Facility 3,200 km (2,000 miles) away in Clive, Utah. This project is presently about 72% complete. More than 600,000 tons of waste material have been safely transported off site by 95 exclusive-use trains. Waste shipments are projected to be completed by late next year (2004). The progress of the WPRAP to date demonstrates that a major DOE facility remediation project can be safely and successfully executed in partnership with private industry and local stakeholders utilizing proven commercial best practices and existing site labor resources. This paper details project performance to date, challenges encountered, and the cooperation of the DOE, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); Fluor Fernald, Inc.; Shaw, local labor unions, and the local community in planning and successfully executing the WPRAP. The cost of the WPRAP to the U.S. Government is projected to be about four hundred million dollars ($400,000,000.00).