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Journal articles on the topic 'Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Li, Da Peng. "Application of Coordinate Measuring Machine in Reverse Engineering." Advanced Materials Research 301-303 (July 2011): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.301-303.269.

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In this paper, application of coordinate measuring machine(CMM) in reverse engineering(RE) of product was introduced. Reverse engineering had become a viable method to create a digital model of an existing physical part and to duplicate it. The reverse engineering process involves measuring an object，reconstructing its point cloud as a digital model and rapidly machining it. Application of obtaining point cloud using CMM was presented in reconstructing the digital model of a shoes tree. Rapid duplicate of a severely worn cam of textile machinery was realized by contact measuring profile points using CMM. Reconstructing the digital model and locally modifying the computer model in computer aided design (CAD) software. Finally, numerical control program was finished in computer aided manufacturing (CAM) software. Automatic measurement close freeform curve function of CMM decreased the workload of picking up data of cam profile. Experimental results showed using CMM can greatly save time and alleviate intension of labour.

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2

Hamana, Hiroyuki, Mitsushi Tominaga, Miyu Ozaki, and Ryoshu Furutani. "Calibration of Articulated Arm Coordinate Measuring Machine Considering Measuring Posture." International Journal of Automation Technology 5, no. 2 (March 5, 2011): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2011.p0109.

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Three-dimensional Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMMs) are widely used to measure wide-ranging accuracy. Parameters describing CMM use mechanisms must be calibrated by measuring artifacts for the target CMM. Most CMM calibration studies have covered orthogonal rather than non-orthogonal CMMs. We focused on calibration for a nonorthogonal articulated-Arm CMM (ACMM), which has more measurement freedom than an orthogonal CMM, although ACMM measurement error exceeds that of orthogonal CMMs. The kinematic parameters of ACMM are calibrated using spherical center coordinates as the artifact. Part of the measuring volume is calibrated, but the ACMM is not sufficiently calibrated. To calibrate arm deformation in different measurement posture as well as kinematic parameters, we produced a new artifact for which we propose calibration confirmed in experiments.

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3

Phimpisan, Phaireepinas, and Chatchapol Chungchoo. "A Best Practice Guideline for Inspecting Precision Machined Parts by Using Several Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMMs)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 894 (September 2019): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.894.90.

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Currently in Thailand, original equipment manufacturers (OEM) who produce precision-machined parts face a serious problem about product rejection from customers. This is because measuring results from the OEM supplier differ from the measuring results from the OEM buyer. Normally, for precision-machined parts, OEM suppliers and OEM buyers use CMM machines as an inspection tool. One major cause of the difference in measurements is that suppliers and buyers use different CMM machine, operators and measuring methods. In order to mitigate the difference in measurements, the standard guideline for measuring precision-machined parts by CMM machines needs to be improved. In this research, the guideline was developed by studying the best practices of five successful companies, who could minimize rejection due to the differences in the CMM machine operators and measuring methods. Validation results indicated that when manufacturers who had precision problems used this guideline, the product rejection could decreased significantly.

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4

Hsieh, Jung-Fa. "DIMENSIONAL INSPECTION OF TRANSLATING CAMS BY CNC COORDINATE MEASURING MACHINE." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 36, no. 3 (September 2012): 259–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2012-0019.

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In this paper, a simple and analytical method is proposed for accomplishing the inspection procedure. In the proposed approach, a kinematic model of the cam profile is derived using homogenous coordinate transformation theory. The normal vectors and principal curvature of the designed translating cam are then derived from the analytical expression for the cam profile. Based on the coordinates and normal vector of each specified point on the cam profile, the NC data required to move the CMM inspection probe to the surface of the cam are then obtained. A least-square fitting method is proposed to minimize the inspection error caused by a misalignment of the actual evaluation frame relative to the ideal frame.

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Yan, Yong Gang, Yan Qin Li, and Zhan Kui Wang. "Optimization Design of Coordinate Measuring Machine Based on ANSYS Software." Applied Mechanics and Materials 42 (November 2010): 453–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.42.453.

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Coordinate measuring machine (CMM) is a large-scale geometrical detecting instrument. It is of high accuracy, high efficiency simple operation and automation. So, it can ensure the product quality for modern mechanical manufacture industry, and is widely used in the industry such as aircraft, automobile, military and national defense. However, it does not meet gradually the requirement of modern industry because of its measuring accuracy. How to monitor geometrical error rapidly and high accurately is a key research project. To solve the problem, some studies have been carried out. In this paper, a coordinate measuring machine was firstly designed by modern design method. Three dimensional model is built using PRO/E software. And some key components were optimized by using finite element analysis method. The simulating results show that the size and structure of the designed coordinate measuring machines are optimized and improved relate to previous CMM. This study will play an important instructing role for us in studying a novel CMM.

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6

Huang, Feng Shan, and Li Chen. "CCD Camera Calibration Technology Based on the Translation of Coordinate Measuring Machine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 568-570 (June 2014): 320–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.568-570.320.

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A new CCD camera calibration method based on the translation of Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) is proposed. The CMM brings the CCD camera to produce the relative translation with respect to the center of the white ceramic standard sphere along the X, Y, Z axis, and the coordinates of the different positions of the calibration characteristic point in the probe coordinate system can be generated. Meanwhile, the camera captures the image of the white ceramic standard sphere at every position, and the coordinates of the calibration characteristic point in the computer frame coordinate system can be registered. The calibration mathematic model was established, and the calibration steps were given and the calibration system was set up. The comparing calibration result shows that precision of this method is equivalent to that of the special calibration method, and the difference between the calibrating data of these two methods is within ±1μm.

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7

Nouri, Mahtab, Arash Farzan, Ali Reza Akbarzadeh Baghban, and Reza Massudi. "Comparison of clinical bracket point registration with 3D laser scanner and coordinate measuring machine." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 20, no. 1 (February 2015): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2176-9451.20.1.059-065.oar.

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OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to assess the diagnostic value of a laser scanner developed to determine the coordinates of clinical bracket points and to compare with the results of a coordinate measuring machine (CMM). METHODS: This diagnostic experimental study was conducted on maxillary and mandibular orthodontic study casts of 18 adults with normal Class I occlusion. First, the coordinates of the bracket points were measured on all casts by a CMM. Then, the three-dimensional coordinates (X, Y, Z) of the bracket points were measured on the same casts by a 3D laser scanner designed at Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. The validity and reliability of each system were assessed by means of intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Dahlberg's formula. RESULTS: The difference between the mean dimension and the actual value for the CMM was 0.0066 mm. (95% CI: 69.98340, 69.99140). The mean difference for the laser scanner was 0.107 ± 0.133 mm (95% CI: -0.002, 0.24). In each method, differences were not significant. The ICC comparing the two methods was 0.998 for the X coordinate, and 0.996 for the Y coordinate; the mean difference for coordinates recorded in the entire arch and for each tooth was 0.616 mm. CONCLUSION: The accuracy of clinical bracket point coordinates measured by the laser scanner was equal to that of CMM. The mean difference in measurements was within the range of operator errors.

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8

Watanabe, M., and Ryoshu Furutani. "Development of a Sensitive Probe for Coordinate Measuring Machines." Key Engineering Materials 295-296 (October 2005): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.295-296.325.

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Requirement for precision measurement becomes extremely advanced as industrial needs advances. CMM (Coordinate Measuring Machine) is one of the most adequate measuring machines to meet the requirement. As the precision of CMM becomes higher, it is important to improve the sensitivity of probe. We developed a contact type probe which consisted of a QPD (quadratic photo diode), a ball lens, and a laser diode to detect the displacement of stylus. The probe system has a resolution of 31nm.

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9

Krismantara, Paulus Agung. "Routine Monitoring DCC CMM using Laser Interferometer." ACMIT Proceedings 5, no. 1 (March 19, 2019): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33555/acmit.v5i1.69.

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Manufacturing deals with the high quality product due to the accuracy which produced by measuring machines. In other case, the performance of regular diagnostic of measuring machine should be maintained to aim confidence and reliability in the measurements result. One of the equipment that can reach high accuracy is Direct Computer Control Coordinate Measuring Machine (DCC CMM). The accuracy of DCC CMM is a critical factor that affects result of product measuring. Operator need the higher accuracy machine to maintain the DCC CMM Performance and the consequent of the machine should has better accuracy than the DCC CMM accuracy it self. One of that tool is laser interferometer which has better accuracy than DCC CMM specification and produce the data and can be analyzed for DCC CMM performance. The consistent performance of the DCC CMM is constrained by the errors that brought by the machine error that occurs on a periodic basis on the account of machine usage, machine age and operating temperature. DCC CMM accuracy was compensated and improved by identifying the machine condition. This condition also applicable for predict the machine errors.

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10

Wang, X. J., and C. Butler. "The Use of a Machine Vision System in a Flexible Manufacturing Cell Incorporating an Automated Coordinate Measuring Machine." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 207, no. 3 (August 1993): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1993_207_081_02.

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The aim of this paper is to present a practical approach to the solution of problems associated with using an automated coordinate measuring machine (CMM) in a flexible manufacturing system (FMS) environment. The approach described uses machine vision and image processing techniques to permit transformations of the coordinate systems. In order to achieve flexible inspection, the system can recognize different workpieces by a quick matching method. The actual measuring path for the workpiece is derived from the original measuring path templates to allow for a workpiece to be measured in an arbitrary orientation on the table of the CMM. The original measuring path can be generated off-line by self-teach programming or from a computer aided design (CAD) system. The generation of the actual measuring path of the CMM is not limited by the complexity of the original off-line measuring path.

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11

Dhoska, Klodian, Toomas Kübarsepp, Altin Dorri, and Agus Pramono. "Metrological Overview for Coordinate Measuring Machines." Applied Mechanics and Materials 771 (July 2015): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.771.195.

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In manufacturing system, 3D Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMM) are widely used for inspection services where the product should be subjected to the verification of design specifications. It is usually necessary to know the accuracy of 3D CMM equipment during the verification process of the product quality in mass production. To insure and increase the accuracy of 3D CMM the international series standards ISO 10360 are used. This paper presents the importance of the establishment of traceability to international standards as a key role for the reliability of 3D CMM measurement results.

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12

Pan, Wei Min, Yong Jian Yu, Wei Ma, and Yong Gang Liu. "CMM Inspect Path Planning for Precision Concave Revolved Surfaces." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 3869–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.3869.

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The revolved concave surfaces are widely applied to both optical equipments and aerodynamic domain. The revolved surface is measured by digitized measurement with the coordinate measuring machine (CMM) in this paper. A CMM inspecting path planning which is different from traditional measuring method for revolved surface is given. An automatic algorithm of digitization on a CNC coordinate measuring machine for an unknown revolved surface is present. At the same time, this method is proved effectiveness through a practical measuring example of an optical part. The Measuring process and the measuring results are illustrated in detail.

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13

Gąska, A., D. Szewczyk, P. Gąska, M. Gruza, and J. Sładek. "Usage of I++ Simulator to Program Coordinate Measuring Machines when Common Programming Methods are difficult to apply." Measurement Science Review 14, no. 1 (February 1, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msr-2014-0001.

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Abstract Nowadays, simulators facilitate tasks performed daily by the engineers of different branches, including coordinate metrologists. Sometimes it is difficult or almost impossible to program a Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) using standard methods. This happens, for example, during measurements of nano elements or in cases when measurements are performed on high-precision (accurate) measuring machines which work in strictly air-conditioned spaces and the presence of the operator in such room during the programming of CMM could cause an increase in temperature, which in turn could make it necessary to wait some time until conditions stabilize. This article describes functioning of a simulator and its usage during Coordinate Measuring Machine programming in the latter situation. Article also describes a general process of programming CMMs which ensures the correct machine performance after starting the program on a real machine. As an example proving the presented considerations, measurement of exemplary workpiece, which was performed on the machine working in the strictly air-conditioned room, was described

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14

Chang, Shenq Tsong, Wei Cheng Lin, Ting Ming Huang, Ming Ying Hsu, and Po Hsuan Huang. "Measurement of Radius of Curvature by Coordinate Measurement Machine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 488–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.488.

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Radius of curvature is one of the key parameters of optical components. A variety of methods have been developed for this measurement. This paper describes a novel way, named “CMM spherometry by probe compensation”, to measure the radius of curvature of optical surfaces by coordinate measuring machine (CMM). The measurement combines CMM measurement and iteration calculation scheme is presented. The measurement results of CMM and the trace samples are compared. The effect of temperature compensation is discussed.

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Yahya, Adel Elhadi M., and Martin Halaj. "Evaluation of CMM Accuracy by Using Capability Indexes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 281 (January 2013): 282–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.281.282.

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Capability indexes of several types belong to the most common tools used for evaluation of the measuring instruments performance over a certain period of time. The indices differ by calculation method, properties as well as by intended use. But their design principle is approximately the same. The ratio of prescribed (required) accuracy and really achieved process accuracy is always observed. However, this evaluation represents only a part of the overall measurements management system. The suitability of capability indexes for the evaluation of CMMs accuracy over a time. After analyzing the results we had found machine capability indexes good method for evaluation of Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMM) accuracy over a certain time interval. CMM are high accuracy and capable to perform the measurement of lengths, machine capability indexes helps to determine the ability for coordinate measuring machine between tolerance limits and engineering specifications, but the use of x-control charts to get and keep processes under control.

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16

Pahk, H. J., M. Burdekin, and G. N. Peggs. "Development of virtual coordinate measuring machines incorporating probe errors." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 212, no. 7 (July 1, 1998): 533–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954405981515833.

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In this paper, a comprehensive computer model is described which can be used to predict the volu- metric errors from the parametric errors of the coordinate measuring machine (CMM) and its probing system, for most configurations of CMMs. Several sets of previously unpublished rules have been derived to transform the CMM parametric errors into a corresponding volumetric error map. Thus a virtual CMM has been developed, implementing the integrated volumetric error model. The developed system has been applied to two practical configurations of CMM, in order to demonstrate the performance and practical application of the system.

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17

di Giacomo, Benedito, César Augusto Galvão de Morais, Vagner Augusto de Souza, and Luiz Carlos Neves. "Modeling Errors in Coordinate Measuring Machines and Machine Tools Using Homogeneous Transformation Matrices (HTM)." Advanced Materials Research 1025-1026 (September 2014): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1025-1026.56.

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Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMM's) have attributes to provide results with accuracy and repeatability in measurements, so they are considered equipment with potential for application in industrial environments, specifically in inspection processes. However, as in a machine tools the knowledge of the errors in CMM is needed and allows applying techniques of error compensation. This study aimed to develop a mathematical model of the kinematic errors of a bridge type CMM in "X", "Y" and "Z" directions. Modeling of the errors was accomplished using coordinate transformations applied to the rigid body kinematics; the method of the homogeneous transformation was used for the development of the model. The position and angular errors for the three axes of CMM, in addition to errors related to the absence of orthogonality between them were equated. This study allowed to conclude that modeling of errors applied to CMM allied to calibration is able to evaluate the metrological performance of equipment with displacement on guides, thus is possible to use this technique as error budget analysis in machines.

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18

Li, Fang, Shu Gui Liu, and Lei Zhao. "Error Model and Calibration Analysis of the Flexible Coordinate Measuring Machine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 3273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.3273.

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A new 5-DOF flexible coordinate measuring machine (CMM) is introduced in this paper, which uses REVO system produced by Renishaw. According to the D-H method, the mathematical model is built, and then the error model of the flexible CMM is derived. The parameter calibration based on the nonlinear least square method is analyzed theoretically. Due to the disadvantages of Gauss-Newton method, LM method is researched, which improved the singularity of the coefficient matrix. The calibration analysis is a basis for improving accuracy of the flexible CMM.

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Li, Song Yuan, and Peng Hao Hu. "Design and Development of a Novel Coordinate Measuring Machine with 3-PUU Parallel Mechanism." Key Engineering Materials 625 (August 2014): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.625.34.

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A bran-new style coordinate measuring system with 3-PUU parallel mechanism and its advantages was proposed which could realize 3D measurement with only one linear grating and two precision guides. Firstly, measuring space with a 0.05mm error of structure parameter as target was explored based on 6 bars direct kinematics model, workspace and error model, and then the principle of maximum measuring space was presented to elaborate the relationship between measuring space and length of bar. Then in order to enlarge the scale of measuring space of Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM), improve the measuring accuracy and flexibility of CMM, the key dimensions and positional parameters of CMM were optimization designed according to the direct kinematics model and the principle of maximum measuring space. Finally the deformation of key components was processed by Finite Element Method (FEM) according to the motion characteristics and parameters of the new CMM prototype, so that the affect of deformation to measuring accuracy can be controlled and decreased. Results are shown that the measuring space of CMM is 1100mm in x axis, 535mm in y axis, 426mm in z axis; deformation of beam is the main reason to influence the measuring accuracy and should be offset after calibration.

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20

Pei, Shi Hui, and Yu Min Ma. "The Expert System for Auto Programming in Coordinate Measuring Machines." Applied Mechanics and Materials 120 (October 2011): 254–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.120.254.

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Flexible automated manufacturing environment put new demands to the Coordinate Measuring Machines, an operator in CAD center, inputs inspection requirements according to the drawings parameter, should automatically generate the CMM measuring programs. To solve these issues, we use of an expert systems which is composed of the knowledge base, the inference engine, a database and a human-machine interface.

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21

Lu, E., J. Ni, Z. G. Huang, and S. M. Wu. "An Integrated Lattice Filter Adaptive Control System for Time-Varying CMM Structural Vibration Control, Part 2: Experimental Implementation." Journal of Engineering for Industry 118, no. 1 (February 1, 1996): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2803650.

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The integrated fast lattice filter adaptive control algorithm developed in Part 1 of this paper will be implemented for the control of the structural vibration of a coordinate measuring machine (CMM). The structural vibration of a CMM exhibits time-varying dynamic characteristics. For auxiliary control, the probe head acceleration was measured to compute the voltage input to the servo motor of the CMM. The developed algorithm uses directly the lattice filter parameters to track and control the CMM structural dynamics and is implemented on a Sheffield horizontal arm Coordinate Measuring Machine using a floating point Digital Signal Processor TMS320C30. Through experiments, significant reduction of the CMM settling time has been achieved by suppressing the structural vibration. In certain configurations, the reduction was 95 percent.

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TAKAMASU, Kiyoshi, and Masahiko HIRAKI. "Parallel Mechanisms. Parallel CMM (Coordinate Measuring Machine Using Parallel Mechanism)." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 63, no. 12 (1997): 1676–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.63.1676.

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Zhang, Hai Tao, and Shu Gui Liu. "Error Items Analysis of the Cantilever CMM with REVO Applied." Applied Mechanics and Materials 716-717 (December 2014): 974–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.716-717.974.

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Compared to the conventional CMM(coordinate measuring machine) with three orthogonal axes, the CCMM(Cantilever CMM) researched in this paper has two axes perpendicular to each other and one rotary axis. Hence, the error parameters in CCMM are also different from the 21 items geometrical errors in CMM. The application of REVO in CCMM makes a big difference compared with the application in CMM. This paper analyzes the error items existed and needed to be calibrated in CCMM and identifies the error parameters of REVO schematically, which lays a solid foundation for further research and application of REVO in non-orthogonal CMM.

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Zhou, Shu Hong. "The Automatic Measurement of Complex Surface Based on ZOO-Type CMM." Applied Mechanics and Materials 490-491 (January 2014): 1682–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.490-491.1682.

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In general, when using the three-dimensional measuring machine to test a workpiece, the measuring route should to be planned firstly. Regarding workpieces which are formed by elementary curve or surface, there are specific software installed in the Coordinate Measuring Machine which can be used to generate the measuring route. However, when there are workpieces with no mathematic model, measuring process usually has to be done by manual operation. In this paper, we concentrate on the technical problem of measuring the blade with complex surface. After analyzing the geometric characteristics of blade, we did research on the self-study function of the Coordinate Measuring Machine, and finally put forward a method to rewrite the self-study measuring program according to geometric characteristics, which will successfully realize the automatic measurement of complex curved surface.

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Woźniak, Adam, and Grzegorz Krajewski. "CMM Dynamic Properties of the Scanning Measurement of a 2D Profile." International Journal of Automation Technology 9, no. 5 (September 5, 2015): 530–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2015.p0530.

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Scanning probe CMMs have come to be considered the standard in coordinate metrology, not only because they provide high-quantity, high-speed data gathering but also because the scanning technology significantly decreases inspection time. Modern manufacturing, especially in today’s highly competitive economy, requires increasingly efficient measuring machines and processes because inspection machines have often become the bottlenecks in the entire manufacturing processes. More efficient coordinate metrology can mean faster measurement cycles with acceptable accuracies. However, increasing scanning speeds has also significantly increased errors. This article proposes a new method of investigating and identifying the principal components of CMM dynamic errors. The principle of the method is presented, and the validity of the method is experimentally confirmed on a bridge coordinate measuring machine.

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Kajima, Mariko, Tsukasa Watanabe, Makoto Abe, and Toshiyuki Takatsuji. "Calibrator for 2D Grid Plate Using Imaging Coordinate Measuring Machine with Laser Interferometers." International Journal of Automation Technology 9, no. 5 (September 5, 2015): 541–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2015.p0541.

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A calibrator for 2D grid plates have been developed. The calibrator was based on a commercial imaging coordinate measuring machine (imaging CMM). A laser interferometer for the calibration of the x-coordinate and two laser interferometers for the calibration of the y-coordinate were attached to the imaging CMM. By applying multistep measurement method for the calibration procedure, the geometrical error in the calibrator was reduced. The calibration of a precision 2D grid plate was demonstrated, and the expanded uncertainty was estimated to be 0.2 μm (k =2).

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Lin, Psang Dain, and Jung-Fa Hsieh. "Dimension Inspection of Spatial Cams by CNC Coordinate Measuring Machines." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 122, no. 1 (February 1, 1999): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.538894.

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The problem of spatial cam inspection is still predominantly approached from simple gauging by manufacturers in today’s industry, despite the fact that Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMM) is both available and one of the most reliable and accurate metrological tools. Therefore, a kinematic model is presented in this paper to aid in the determination of the required NC data equations in order to move the probe to the desired position to inspect spatial cams on CNC CMM. This study originated from the need for advanced algorithms for the profile inspection of high precision manufactured spatial cams. To achieve this, the 4×4 homogeneous transformation matrix is employed to determine spatial cam profiles. Then, the CMM’s ability function matrix and the measuring-probe location matrix are derived. The desired NC data equations are obtained by solving the CMM link variables by equating the ability function matrix with the probe location matrix. A technique to minimize the sum of squared errors is also addressed by searching a best fit coordinate frame. To verify the validity of the method, this approach was implemented in software which was then used in a CNC CMM to measure a known spatial cam, with excellent results. The methodology developed in this paper can make the cam inspection process more flexible, automatic, and controllable. [S1087-1357(00)71001-X]

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Zhao, Xiao Qing. "Vibration Analysis and Research on Air Bearing Block of CMM." Advanced Materials Research 852 (January 2014): 543–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.852.543.

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This paper describes the CMM main error sources and their classification, Dynamic error of flotation blocks vibration due to a single degree of freedom is for analysis, the use of the Navier - Stokes equations and mathematical modeling equations of Newtonian mechanics, the establishment of finite element model and simulation analysis, the movement of the coordinate measuring machine in the dynamic stress and deformation and vibration conditions for the design of coordinate measuring machine provides a new approach.

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Han, Zhao Lin, and Mao Xing Yuan. "Research on the Vector Measure Method of Coordinate Measuring Machine." Key Engineering Materials 561 (July 2013): 572–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.561.572.

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When we use Coordinate Measuring Machine to measure some points of the workpieces, the wrong measuring method will get the poor repeatability and poor reproducibility of measurement results. Now the vector measure of the CMM is a more convenient way. The main principles are analyzed in this paper, and a workpiece is measured for example.

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30

RAHMAN, Md Mizanur, and Rene MAYER. "Performance of a five-axis machine tool as a coordinate measuring machine (CMM)." Journal of Advanced Mechanical Design, Systems, and Manufacturing 10, no. 5 (2016): JAMDSM0076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jamdsm.2016jamdsm0076.

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31

di Giacomo, Benedito, and César Augusto Galvão de Morais. "Mapping by Optimization of the Minimum Volumetric Error in Coordinate Measuring Machines." Applied Mechanics and Materials 798 (October 2015): 287–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.798.287.

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The CMM (coordinate measuring machines) are able to perform dimensional inspections in workpieces with complex geometries, in a short time compared to conventional methods, however, errors on volume of CMM harm the performance of measurement. Faced with this, the purpose this investigation is to identify regions in the machine with large and small values of volumetric errors. The mapping of volumetric error is performed by optimization of objective function with SQP method. The objective function is defined by modeling errors of the CMM using a method of the homogeneous transformation, and, by calibration curves of individual errors. The optimization allowed to obtain the smallest value of volumetric error, 1.1796 μm, located near the linear encoder of the y axis. The mapping the volumetric error by optimization allows to know regions with minor harm the performance of measurement, therefore, it's possible to select regions of measurement to obtain reliable results.

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Ran, Hong Lei, Shu Gui Liu, and Hai Tao Zhang. "Articulated Arm Length Calibration for Cantilever Coordinate Measuring Machine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 333-335 (July 2013): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.333-335.77.

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Cantilever CMM(short for coordinate measuring machine) is non-orthogonal type one with large measurement range, small volume, light weight, low cost, but lower precision. Error calibration and compensation is an important way to improve the measurement accuracy. This paper presents a new calibration method for the length of articulated arm just using the square. Facility requirement is relatively low and it is easy to operate. Comparing with that measured by laser interferometer, this method has a relatively high accuracy, having a certain value in practical measurement.

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Fan, Kuang-Chao, Fang Cheng, Weili Wang, Yejin Chen, and Jia-You Lin. "A scanning contact probe for a micro-coordinate measuring machine (CMM)." Measurement Science and Technology 21, no. 5 (March 23, 2010): 054002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/21/5/054002.

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Pan, Wei Min, Yong Jian Yu, Wei Ma, and Yong Gang Liu. "CMM Inspect Path Planning for Precision Convex Revolved Surfaces." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 7090–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.7090.

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The revolved surfaces are widely applied to both optical equipments and aerodynamic domain. The revolved surface is measured by digitized measurement with the coordinate measuring machine (CMM) in this paper. A CMM inspecting path planning which is different from traditional measuring method for revolved surface is given. At the same time, this method is proved effectiveness through a practical measuring example of an optical part. The Measuring process and the measuring results are illustrated in detail.

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Peti, Ferencz, and Petru Serban. "Coordinate Measuring Machine Probes Effect during Inner Thread Position Measurement." Proceedings 63, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020063055.

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Starting from the idea of improving Coordinate Measuring Machines’ (CMM) measurement strategy for inner thread locations, we developed a new method which increases the accuracy of measurements and takes us closer to the pitch diameter. This article will analyze this new method by testing different touching probes configurations for different thread sizes. The objective is to identify the best probe configuration to be used in the measurements of different inner thread sizes.

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Lim, C. K., and M. Burdekin. "Rapid volumetric calibration of coordinate measuring machines using a hole bar artefact." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 216, no. 8 (August 1, 2002): 1083–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440502760272368.

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The paper reports on the development of a new rapid volumetric accuracy calibration system for multiaxis coordinate measuring machines (CMMs). The system utilizes a calibrated mechanical artefact, in the form of a 540mm long I-beam hole bar. The 21 effective parametric error components for a three-axis machine can be obtained by probing the artefact when it is placed at 17 specified orientations within the measuring volume. The parametric errors are then further transformed into the CMM volumetric error by applying formulae derived from the rigid-body motion for the structural configuration of the CMM. Software has been developed to automate the probing of the artefact, data acquisition and the analysis of the parametric errors. Options for graphical and numerical data output of the volumetric error map is also included. Practical calibration tests and results from a moving bridge CNC (computer numerically controlled) CMM are shown, where the overall time for the calibration process, including equipment set-up time, was found to be less than two hours.

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Yang, Ping, Yue Wu, Hui Yu, and Yinbiao Guo. "New Method Based on Improved Double Ball Bar for Measuring Geometric Motion Errors of Coordinate Measuring Machine." International Journal of Automation Technology 12, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2018.p0199.

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In this paper, an optimized method of measuring the geometric motion errors of a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) is proposed. The method is based on an improved double ball bar (DBB) that acquires the motion and link errors of the CMM and its actual rotation angles through simultaneous circular tests. The improved DBB has embedded a ring encoder system to the bottom of a commercial DBB on an auxiliary platform. In addition, an improved motion and link error separation algorithm is established by considering the difference angle Δθ between the actual rotation angle and the theoretical rotation angle of the DBB. Both influential factors of the center offset of the DBB and Δθ are discussed through simulations. When geometric motion errors are compensated for and measured on a 400 mm × 400 mm × 150 mm CMM, the standard deviations of the roundness errors decrease to 1.9 μm and 1.5 μm on the XY and ZX planes, respectively.

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Vo, Tran Anh, T. H. Dung, and Hyun Chul Kim. "Design of a High Accuracy 3-Axis Coordinate Measuring Machine Working on the Shop Floor." Advanced Materials Research 1125 (October 2015): 521–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1125.521.

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One of the key features of advanced manufacturing technologies is the metrology of geometric quantities. Coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) now are widely used to perform relevant measurements. Normally, the use of CMMs in traditional quality control rooms, isolated from the production floor, often proves unsuitable for effective and timely feedback on the manufacturing process. However, CMMs are sensitive to environmental factors such as humidity, suspended dust and oil, vibrations, and especially temperature. For this reason, measuring machines must to be designed with features that make them more resistant to the environmental influences on shop floor operations. The main goal of this work is to enhance accuracy of a CMM working on the shop floor conditions by design improvements and error compensation. A 3-axis CMM will be built with some improved designed features and a software compensation technique will be applied to enhance the machine accuracy.

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Abdulhameed, Osama, Abdulrahman Al-Ahmari, Syed Hammad Mian, and Mohamed K. Aboudaif. "Path Planning and Setup Orientation for Automated Dimensional Inspection Using Coordinate Measuring Machines." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (November 25, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9683074.

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Inspection planning is considered an essential practice in the manufacturing industries because it ensures enhanced product quality and productivity. A reasonable inspection plan, which can reduce inspection costs and achieve high customer satisfaction, is therefore very important in the production industry. Considerations such as preparations for part inspection, measuring machines, and their setups as well as the measurement path are described in an inspection plan which is subsequently translated into part inspection machine language. Therefore, the measurement of any component using a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) is the final step preceded by several other procedures, such as the preparation of the part setup and the generation of the probe path. Effective measurement of components using CMM can only be done if the preceding steps are properly optimized to automate the whole inspection process. This paper has proposed a method based on artificial intelligence techniques, namely, artificial neural network (ANN) and genetic algorithm (GA), for fine-tuning output from the different steps to achieve an efficient inspection plan. A case study to check and validate the suggested approach for producing effective inspection plans for CMMs is presented. A decrease of nearly 50% was observed in the travel path of the probe, whereas the CMM measurement time was reduced by almost 25% during the actual component measurement. The proposed method yielded the optimum part setup and the most appropriate measuring sequence for the part considered.

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Vykhristyuk, Ignat A. "Coordinate Measuring Machine with Large Working Volume Based on Laser Technological System." Key Engineering Materials 437 (May 2010): 453–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.437.453.

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Description of coordinate measuring machine (CMM) with large working volume ( ) based on Laser technological system LSP-2000 is presented. Preliminary measurement process is described. Analysis of uncertainty of measurement is presented. Prospect of CMM’s upgrade for 3D measurement functions is given.

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Pan, Wei Min, Guo Hua Li, Yang Yu, and Ning Ning Kong. "Research on Reverse Design of Flexible Rod Based on CMM." Key Engineering Materials 667 (October 2015): 506–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.667.506.

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Reverse design based on CMM (Coordinate Measuring Machine) measuring has been used in the engineering design widely because of its higher quality, shorter manufacturing cycle and lower cost. The flexible rod is widely used in tension mechanism because of its large adjustable range, high tensile strength and good flexibility. The reverse design of a flexible rod based on CMM measuring is researched in this paper. The structure of the flexible rod was analyzed. The CMM digital measuring of the part has been completed and the data of measuring results is processed. The reverse 3D modeling and design of the flexible rod have been accomplished.

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Liu, De Jun, Hua Qing Liang, Hong Dong Yin, and Bu Ren Qian. "Kinematic Modeling and Error Analysis for a 3DOF Parallel-Link Coordinate Measuring Machine." Materials Science Forum 532-533 (December 2006): 313–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.532-533.313.

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First, the forward kinematic model, the inverse kinematic model and the error model of a kind of coordinate measuring machine (CMM) using 3-DOF parallel-link mechanism are established based on the spatial mechanics theory and the total differential method, and the error model is verified by computer simulation. Then, the influence of structural parameter errors on probe position errors is systematically considered. This research provides an essential theoretical basis for increasing the measuring accuracy of the parallel-link coordinate measuring machine. It is of particular importance to develop the prototype of the new measuring equipment.

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Rahman, Md Mizanur, and J. R. R. Mayer. "Measurement Accuracy Investigation of Touch Trigger Probe with Five-Axis Machine Tools." Archive of Mechanical Engineering 63, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 495–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/meceng-2016-0028.

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Abstract The touch trigger probe plays an important role in modern metrology because of its robust and compact design with crash protection, long life and excellent repeatability. Aside from coordinate measuring machines (CMM), touch trigger probes are used for workpiece location on a machine tool and for the accuracy assessment of the machine tools. As a result, the accuracy of the measurement is a matter of interest to the users. The touch trigger probe itself as well as the measuring surface, the machine tool, measuring environment etc. contribute to measurement inaccuracies. The paper presents the effect of surface irregularities, surface wetness due to cutting fluid and probing direction on probing accuracy on a machine tool.

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OHNISHI, Tohru, Shotoku TAKASE, and Kiyoshi TAKAMASU. "Study on Improvement Methods of CMM (Coordinate Measuring Machine) in Workshop Environment." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 73, no. 2 (2007): 270–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.73.270.

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OHNISHI, Tohru, Shotoku TAKASE, and Kiyoshi TAKAMASU. "Study on Improvement Methods of CMM (Coordinate Measuring Machine) in Workshop Environment." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 73, no. 7 (2007): 818–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.73.818.

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OHNISHI, Tohru, Shotoku TAKASE, and Kiyoshi TAKAMASU. "Study on Improvement Methods of CMM (Coordinate Measuring Machine) in Workshop Environment." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 76, no. 5 (2010): 541–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.76.541.

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OHNISHI, Tohru, Shoichi NAKANISHI, and Kiyoshi TAKAMASU. "Study on Improvement Methods of CMM (Coordinate Measuring Machine) in Workshop Environment." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 79, no. 4 (2013): 338–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.79.338.

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Lin, Y. J., K. Damodharan, and C. Shakarji. "Standardised Reference Data Sets Generation for Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) Software Assessment." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 18, no. 11 (November 1, 2001): 819–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001700170007.

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Mussatayev, Meirbek, Meifa Huang, and Selim Beshleyev. "Thermal influences as an uncertainty contributor of the coordinate measuring machine (CMM)." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 111, no. 1-2 (September 30, 2020): 537–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-06012-3.

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Wang, Bin. "Influence of measuring force on CMM accuracy." MATEC Web of Conferences 208 (2018): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820803004.

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The measuring accuracy of CMM (Coordinate Measuring Machine) is influenced by many factors, such as temperature, humidity, measuring force and method of signal acquisition. For thin parts, the influence of measuring force is especially obvious. In this paper, the relationship between measuring force and measurement accuracy is studied for a thin part with a U-shaped cross-section. By analyzing the structure of the probe and establishing the force model, the influencing factors of the accuracy of CMM are obtained, and the influence of the contact deformation and the bending deformation on the measurement accuracy is analyzed from the point of view of material mechanics. At the same time, the measurement accuracy of different measuring cross-sections is analyzed. Through the research of this paper, the relationship between measuring force and CMM is established, and an effective method to improve the accuracy of CMM is also found.

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