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Streck, Charlotte, Moritz von Unger, and Sandra Greiner. "cop 25: Losing Sight of (Raising) Ambition." Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 17, no. 2 (April 12, 2020): 136–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18760104-01702003.
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The 25th session of the Conference of the Parties (cop-25) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (unfccc) became the longest cop on record – but yielded few results. It appears that four years after the adoption of the Paris Agreement, enthusiasm has waned and political bargaining and bean-counting have taken over. Countries, for even the slightest chance to keep temperatures ‘well below’ 2 degrees Celsius, must do much more than they have previously committed to and accelerate the shift towards a zero-carbon economy. However, the conference largely failed to heed the rallying cry of the Chilean presidency. The flagship decisions (grouped under the banner “Chile-Madrid Time for Action”) neither produced new commitments – enhancing ambition or finance for developing countries – nor new rules that would nudge countries closer to the climate action targets needed. The leftover pieces from last year’s negotiations of the “Paris Rulebook” were also not resolved, in particular the unfinished decisions on Article 6 on market- and non-market mechanisms. The procrastination shows that the new architecture of the Paris Agreement, while addressing several of the shortcomings of the Kyoto Protocol, suffers from its own weaknesses. The meager results of Madrid give reason to pause and reflect on the conditions that may hold countries back from fully embracing the Paris Agreement, but also to consider the future and nature of carbon markets and what is making the issue so difficult to resolve.
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Navia, Rodrigo. "COP 25 Conference in Chile: Time for action." Waste Management & Research 37, no. 9 (August 18, 2019): 861–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x19871155.
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Bednarz, Ludwik. "Szczyt klimatyczny COP 25 w Madrycie. Zgromadzenie alarmistów i pragmatyków." PRZEMYSŁ CHEMICZNY 1, no. 2 (February 5, 2020): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15199/62.2020.2.1.
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Shibata, Yuhei, Nobuhiko Nakamura, Senji Kasahara, Toshiki Yamada, Michio Sawada, Takeshi Yoshikawa, Hiroshi Nakamura, et al. "A Comparison of THP- Cop and CHOP for Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, Not Otherwise Specified." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 3059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.3059.3059.
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Abstract BACKGROUND: Peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS), is relatively rare, accounting for only 10% to 15% of non–Hodgkin's lymphomas, and is characterized by disseminated disease, with systemic symptoms, bone marrow involvement, and extranodal disease. There is no general consensus regarding the preferred induction chemotherapy for PTCL-NOS. CHOP regimen consisting of cyclophosphamide (CPA), doxorubicin (DOX), vincristine (VCR) and prednisone (PSL) has been the most frequently employed regimen for PTCL-NOS, but the overall survival in each IPI category appears lower in patients with most PTCL-NOS than seen in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Pirarubicin (tetrahydropyranyladriamycin: THP), a derivative of DOX, is reportedly an anthracyclin with less cardiotoxicity than DOX, because the cardiac sympathetic dysfunction and cardiac mitochondrial damage were less common with THP than those with doxorubicin. We previously reported THP-COP regimen consisting of THP, CPA, VCR, and PSL produced resulted equivalent to CHOP regimen regarding efficacy and safety in patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (Tsurumi H et al. JCRCO 2004). In addition The Japanese Clinical Study Group of THP Lymphomas in the Elderly reported that T-cell lymphomas had a significantly better response to THP-COP than CHOP, and no such difference was observed in B-cell lymphoma. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective analysis to confirm the efficacy of THP-COP in the treatment of PTCL-NOS. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study protocol employed a retrospective, consecutive entry design. We retrospectively analyzed 61 patients with PTCL-NOS who had received THP-COP or CHOP in 5 institutes of Gifu Hematology Study Group between December 1995 and March 2013. A diagnosis of PTCL-NOS was confirmed histrogically according to the World Health Organization classification. We exclude patients who had previously treated with any chemotherapy for lymphoma, and were diagnosed as Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma or angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. CHOP regimen composed CPA (750 mg/m2), DOX (50 mg/m2), VCR (1.4 mg/m2, maximal dose 2.0 mg) and PSL (100mg/body, administered for 5 days). In THP-COP regimen, THP (50 mg/m2) was used instead of DOX. These regimens were performed every 14 to 21 days. Thirty patients received THP-COP, 31 received CHOP. There were no significant differences in known prognostic factors include the international prognostic index (IPI) and prognostic index for T-cell lymphoma (PIT) between two groups. The median cycles of treatment were 6 in both groups. The median follow-up times were 25 and 19 months, respectively. RESULT: Complete remission (CR) rates in the patients with THP-COP and CHOP were 53% and 55% (P=0.906), 3-yr overall survival (OS) rate 68% and 51% (P=0.096), and 3-yr progression free survival (PFS) rate 46% and 27% (P=0.078), respectively. Although there were no significant differences between two groups, THP-COP regimen had a tendency of better prognosis. In patients with low IPI (Low or Low-intermediate), THP-COP had significantly better 3yr-OS (100% vs 63%, P=0.002) and 3yr-PFS (69% vs 34%, P=0.002). Same difference was observed in patients with low PIT (group1 or 2), but was not observed in patients with high IPI (High-intermediate or High) or PIT (Group3 or 4). Fatal non-hematological adverse event did not occur in both groups. CONCLUSION: Our study showed THP-COP produced resulted equivalent to CHOP regarding efficacy and safety in patients with PTCL-NOS. Moreover, THP-COP had a tendency of better prognosis compared with CHOP. In patients with low IPI or PIT, THP-COP had significantly better prognosis. This result indicates that THP-COP is an effective and well tolerated regimen for patients with PTCL-NOS, and might be translated into improving survival in comparison with CHOP. Further large study is needed to clarify the difference between the two regimens. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Puangcharoenchai, Phupoom, Pongsakorn Kachapongkun, Phadungsak Rattanadecho, and Ratthasak Prommas. "Experimental Investigation of Performance Enhancement of a Vapor Compression Refrigeration System by Vortex Tube Cooling." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 28, no. 02 (June 2020): 2050018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132520500182.
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This study aimed to analyze the difference in operation of the vapor compression refrigeration (VCR) system with vortex tube cooling. By using varied loads, experiments were conducted on the evaporator section of a vapor compression refrigeration system. In an attempt to improve the use of subcooling for the refrigeration, the effect of subcooling of refrigerant by vortex tube cooling was likewise examined. The test conditions included various loads (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) and cold mass fractions (25%, 50% and 75%). This research described coefficient of performance (COP) as one of the significant parameters, in addition to heat rejection and refrigerating effect. The ideal efficiency appeared to be with the cold mass fraction of 25% and load of 100%, as identified by the results. Consequently, the COP could be enhanced by 5.16% along with an approximately 4.36% decline in average power use. Improved guidelines for vapor compression refrigeration systems to enhance the operation of the system are an expected benefit of this study.
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Lin, Koppenol, Knol, Vermeer, Hiemstra, Friedrichs, Lütjohann, and Trautwein. "Serum Concentration of Plant Sterol Oxidation Products (POP) Compared to Cholesterol Oxidation Products (COP) after Intake of Oxidized Plant Sterols: A Randomised, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Dose‒Response Pilot Study." Nutrients 11, no. 10 (September 30, 2019): 2319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11102319.
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Plant sterols (PS) are oxidized to PS oxidation products (POP). This study quantified the change in serum POP compared to cholesterol oxidation products (COP) after the intake of increasing POP doses. This was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose‒response pilot study with healthy individuals in four groups (15 per group). The control group received products with no added PS or POP and treatment groups received daily 20–25 g margarine with added PS (mean 3 g/d) and two cookies (~28 g) for six weeks. Cookies delivered 8.7 (low-dose), 15.2 (medium-dose), or 37.2 (high-dose) mg/d POP. Fasting serum POP and COP were measured at the baseline, days 14, 28, and 42 in all participants and days 7, 21, and 35 in a subset. Sixty individuals completed the study; 52 were included in per protocol analysis. Serum POP increased with increasing POP intake and plateaued at dose >15 mg/d. Stabilized POP concentrations were (mean ± SD) 38.9 ± 6.9, 91.0 ± 27.9, 144.4 ± 37.9 and 203.0 ± 63.7 nmol/L, for control, low-, medium-, and high-dose POP groups, respectively. For all groups, the serum COP ranged from 213 to 262 nmol/L and the average POP/COP ratio was <1. Serum POP concentrations increased non-linearly, reaching stabilized concentrations in <7 days, and remained below COP concentrations after the intake of increasing POP doses.
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Beretta, Victor Spiandor, Paulo Cezar Rocha Santos, Diego Alejandro Rojas Jaimes, Mayara Borkowske Pestana, Alejandra Maria Franco Jimenez, Catarina Covolo Scarabottolo, and Lilian Teresa Bucken Gobbi. "POSTURAL ADJUSTMENTS OF ACTIVE YOUTHS IN PERTURBATION AND DUAL-TASK CONDITIONS." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 25, no. 5 (October 2019): 428–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220192505189240.
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ABSTRACT Introduction Cognitive components are necessary to maintain posture during external perturbations. However, few studies have investigated postural control when external perturbations are associated with a concomitant cognitive task (DT). Objectives To analyze the behavior of reactive adjustments after perturbation with different intensities and displacements in active young adults; and to analyze the influence of DT on predictive and reactive adjustments in different perturbation conditions. Methods Twenty-eight physically active young adults stood on an item of equipment that produced displacements of the base. Four experimental conditions were introduced in a single task (ST) and DT (cognitive-report how many times a pre-established number appeared in the audio): 1 (5 cm and 10 cm/s); 2 (5 cm and 25 cm/s); 3 (12 cm and 10 cm/s) and 4 (12 cm and 25 cm/s). Three attempts were carried out for each condition (total=24). Center of pressure (CoP) parameters were analyzed considering the following windows: predictive (-250 to +50 ms), reactive 1 (+50 to +200 ms) and reactive 2 (+200 to +700 ms), in comparison to the start of the CoP activity. One-way ANOVAs were performed to analyze predictive adjustments, while two-way ANOVAs with factor for task (STxDT) and condition (1x2x3x4), with repeated measurements, were performed for the reactive adjustments. Results One-way ANOVA (predictive) indicated that the subjects had higher CoP parameters in ST vs DT. In reactive adjustments 1 and 2, ANOVA indicated greater CoP parameters in condition 2 and 4 when compared to 1 and 3, and in the ST vs DT. The subjects took longer to recover stable position in conditions 1 and 3 than in conditions 2 and 4. Conclusion Perturbation intensity has a greater influence on postural adjustments to maintain balance than on magnitude. Moreover, the association of cognitive tasks with external perturbation decreases CoP oscillation. Therefore, cognitive resources play an important role in postural control after perturbation. Level of evidence III; Study of nonconsecutive patients, with no “gold” standard applied uniformly.
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Campbell-Duruflé, C. "Enhancing Climate Adaptation through the Paris Agreement Market Approaches: Opportunities for COP 25 and Beyond." Carbon & Climate Law Review 13, no. 3 (2019): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21552/cclr/2019/3/5.
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Arilla, Enric. "Idees per a l'aprofitament i manteniment dels sistemes àudiovisuals." Comunicació educativa, no. 4 (December 27, 2013): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17345/comeduc199224-25.
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L'aprofitament dels mitjans àudio-visuals i la seva disponibilitat estan en funció directa del manteniment que aquests rebin. Per norma general esperem que el nostre petit sistema àudio-visual funcioni en tot moment i que aquest ho faci sempre a la primera i amb la major qualitat d'imatge i so possibles. La majoria de vegades és realment així: engeguem els aparells, introduïm la cinta i un cop visionada apaguem els aparells sense ni tan sols comprovar-ne el funcionament. De sempre uns visionats amb mancances d'imatge, so o intervals de ratlles són ràpidament atribuïts a la qualitat de la còpia o en tot cas al videocasset. Aquest és el primer error que cal evitar; la qualitat resultant de visionar una cinta dependrà de la qualitat de la cinta i sobretot del manteniment que rebi el nostre aparell. Rentar els capçals del nostre vídeo de manera regular, comprovar que les connexions entre ells no apareguin mossegades o deformades, que el televisor o monitor tingui la pantalla neta, són factors que quasi bé mai es tenen en compte.
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Sadowska, Lichota, Sacewicz, and Krzepota. "Influence of Running Phases on the Postural Balance of Modern Pentathlon Athletes in a Laser Run Event." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 22 (November 12, 2019): 4440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224440.
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Background: The Laser Run combined event is part of the modern pentathlon, consisting of successive shooting and running phases. The main factor hindering accurate and fast shooting is the increasing fatigue caused by running effort. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the running phases on the postural balance in the shooting position of pentathletes in a Laser Run event. Methods: 25 modern pentathletes (18.6 ± 1.7 years), members of the Polish Association of Modern Pentathlon, completed a Laser Run event. During each shooting series, a Zebris dynamometric platform recorded the displacement of the centre of pressure (COP). Results: Significant changes in the average velocity of the COP (F = 3.43; p = 0.0223) and the width of the ellipse of the COP shifts area WoE (F = 3.30; p = 0.0259) between the first and the second shooting series were observed. The average velocity of the COP in series I was 72.6 m/s and increased to 84.3 m/s in series II. In turn, the average width of the ellipse of the COP in series I reached 29.1 mm and in series II, 34.1 mm. Conclusions: The fatigue caused by the running phases in the Laser Run affects the stability of the shooting position of pentathletes. Disturbances that occur after the first running phase are maintained at the same level during the subsequent shooting series. The fatigue level does not affect the magnitude of the disturbances of the postural balance in the shooting position.
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Denisenko, V. B., and E. M. Simovanyan. "Independent predictors of forecasting the course of congenital HIV infection in children." CHILDREN INFECTIONS 20, no. 2 (July 8, 2021): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22627/2072-8107-2021-20-2-27-32.
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The purpose is to characterize the clinical and laboratory parameters in children with different rates of congenital HIV infection progression and, based on the data obtained, to develop independent predictors of forecasting the course of the disease.Research methods. The comparison of clinical, immunological and virological parameters in 91 children with HIV infection with rapid (26%) and slow progression of the disease (74%) was carried out. The criterion for the rapid progression of HIV infection was considered the development of the AIDS clinic in the first two years of life.Results. Testing of clinical, immunological and virological parameters in a multivariate logistic regression model revealed independent predictors of rapid progression in children aged 6 months — HIV blood viral load more than 1 00 000 cop./ml (odds ratio OR 23.9; 95% confidence interval 95% CI 4.6—71.8; P < 0.001) and a decrease of blood CD4-lymphocytes less than 25% (OR 6.3; 95% CI 1.2—33.4; P = 0.029). The predictor «HIV blood viral load more than 100 000 cop./ml» was characterized by a higher sensitivity (91.3%), specificity (97.1 %) compared to the indicator «CD4 lymphocyte count less than 25%» (88.2% and 86.9%).Conclusion. In 26% of children with HIV infection, there is a rapid progression of the disease with the development of AIDS clinic during the first two years of life. The independent predictors of forecasting an unfavorable course of the disease are HIV blood viral load of more than 1 00 000 cop./ml and a decrease in CD4 lymphocytes in the blood of less than 25% at the age of 6 months. The level of viremia seems to be more preferable for predicting the course of HIV infection in children due to its high sensitivity and specificity.
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Parsons, Trisha, Deborah Tregunno, Mala Joneja, Nancy Dalgarno, and Leslie Flynn. "Using graphic illustrations to uncover how a community of practice can influence the delivery of compassionate healthcare." Medical Humanities 45, no. 4 (September 26, 2018): 381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2018-011508.
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Our modern-day frenetic healthcare culture has progressed to a state where healthcare professionals tend to detach themselves from the emotions of their patients/clients, rather than embed compassion into their daily practice. The AMS Phoenix Project: A Call to Caring was implemented with the goal to instil and sustain empathy and compassion in environments where clinicians learn and work. The purpose of this study is to report on how an interprofessional community of practice (CoP) of healthcare educators can contribute to a cultural shift in promoting and delivering compassion in healthcare through health professionals education. Using an imaginative creative autoethnography that adopts a narrative design through graphic illustrations, data were collected from 25 members of the Phoenix@Queen’s CoP during a 1-day retreat. Data collection included a graphic recorder who visually depicted all retreat dialogue, field notes that highlighted emergent themes and artefacts produced during the day. Audio recordings of the discussions were used as secondary sources of data. Using thematic analysis, three themes emerged: the call to caring is a long and winding road with many barriers and rewards; CoP members experienced personal growth in and through the community; and the Phoenix@Queen’s CoP matters in terms of professional relationships, leadership and moving forward a shared agenda about practising compassionate healthcare. This study describes the development of a CoP that moves away from traditional committees and discussions to an experiential creation of connections and shared meaning by its members. By using autoethnography, and by demonstrating how graphic illustration can be an innovative and creative method for recording and interpreting group discussions, we have demonstrated the accelerated development of an authentic CoP. With a richer and more authentic community, the shared goals of healthcare professional educators are more likely to be achieved.
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Johansen, L. B., P. Bie, J. Warberg, N. J. Christensen, and P. Norsk. "Role of hemodilution on renal responses to water immersion in humans." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 269, no. 5 (November 1, 1995): R1068—R1076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1995.269.5.r1068.
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The present experiments were designed to elucidate 1) the role of the lower extremity capillary bed in decreasing plasma colloid osmotic pressure (COP) during immersion of humans (n = 8) for 6 h, and 2) the extent to which the natriuresis of water immersion is triggered by this decrease in COP. Irrespective of the depth, COPs were very similar during the immersion procedures, varying between 25.3 +/- 0.5 and 26.4 +/- 0.6 mmHg, which was significantly lower than during control (28.3 +/- 0.3 and 28.6 +/- 0.3 mmHg). During neck immersion, central venous pressure rose instantly by approximately 12 mmHg (P < 0.05) and remained elevated. Only a transient, marginal increase (1.6 +/- 0.7 mmHg) occurred during hip immersion. Cumulated sodium excretion during seated control, hip immersion, and neck immersion, respectively, differed significantly (30 +/- 5, 45 +/- 5, and 101 +/- 6 mmol). It is concluded that the decrease in COP during immersion is primarily due to fluid shifts occurring in the capillary bed of the legs and that this may account for up to 25% of the immersion-induced increase in renal sodium excretion.
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SYED ABDUL HAMEED, SYED DANISH, and D. C. VISHWAKARMA. "Performance Enhancement techniques in vapour Compression refrigeration system by various evaporator loads and thermoelectric sub cooling." Journal of Ultra Scientist of Physical Sciences Section B 32, no. 4 (October 19, 2020): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22147/jusps-b/320401.
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Part load performance analysis on simple VCR system using selected refrigerant mixture at different loading conditions is completed to identify the economic mode of loading in the evaporator. In this research work, evaporator has been loaded at different loading (thermal loading – cooling of liquid substance in the evaporator) conditions like 25, 50, 75 and 100% of its capacity based on its volume and water is considered as a substance to be cooled in the evaporator for analyzing the performance of the refrigeration system at different loading conditions. The cooling temperature C and the condensation process has range of water is considered from 26 to 2 been carried out by Atmospheric Air Circulation (AAC) mode. The various performance indexes of refrigeration systems namely work input to the compressor, condenser heat rejection rate, refrigerating effect and COP are obtained based on unit mass flow rate of the refrigerant in this analysis. Experimental results. Experimental analysis has been carried out with 3oC of subcooling in the VCR system with thermoelectric subcooling and various performance indexes are investigated with reference to water temperature in the evaporator at different loading conditions. Significant improvements in various performance indexes have been obtained for VCR system with thermoelectric subcooling. The experimental results clearly state that 75% loading condition gives the highest COP at lowest temperature of evaporator substance. Among various loading conditions, COP of 75% loading condition is about 6.7, 3.9 and 25.13% higher than that of 25, 50 and 100% loading conditions respectively. suggest that 75% loading condition is the significant one among other loading conditions in the evaporator.
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Piątek, Elżbieta, Michał Kuczyński, and Bożena Ostrowska. "Postural control in girls with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis while wearing a Chêneau brace or performing active self-correction: a pilot study." PeerJ 7 (August 29, 2019): e7513. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7513.
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Background It is known that adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is often accompanied by balance deficits. This reciprocal relationship must be taken into account when prescribing new therapeutic modalities because these may differently affect postural control, interacting with therapy and influencing its results. Objective The purpose was to compare postural control in girls with AIS while wearing the Chêneau brace (BRA) or performing active self-correction (ASC) with their postural control in a quiet comfortable stance. Methods Nine subjects were evaluated on a force plate in three series of two 20-s quiet standing trials with eyes open or closed; three blocks were randomly arranged: normal quiet stance (QST), quiet stance with BRA, and quiet stance with ASC. On the basis of centre-of-pressure (COP) recordings, the spatial and temporal COP parameters were computed. Results and Discussion Performing ASC was associated with a significant backward excursion of the COP mean position with eyes open and closed (ES = 0.56 and 0.65, respectively; p < 0.05). This excursion was accompanied by an increase in the COP fractal dimension (ES = 1.05 and 0.98; p < 0.05) and frequency (ES = 0.78; p = 0.10 and ES = 1.14; p < 0.05) in the mediolateral (ML) plane. Finally, both therapeutic modalities decreased COP sample entropy with eyes closed in the anteroposterior (AP) plane. Wearing BRA resulted in ES = 1.45 (p < 0.05) while performing ASC in ES = 0.76 (p = 0.13). Conclusion The observed changes in the fractal dimension (complexity) and frequency caused by ASC account for better adaptability of patients to environmental demands and for their adequate resources of available postural strategies in the ML plane. These changes in sway structure were accompanied by a significant (around 25 mm) backward excursion of the mean COP position. However, this improvement was achieved at the cost of lower automaticity, i.e. higher attentional involvement in postural control in the AP plane. Wearing BRA may have an undesirable effect on some aspects of body balance.
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Lisowska-Lis, Agnieszka, and Robert Leszczyński. "Air-water heat pump applied as water boiler in single-family house, coefficient of performance analysis under the real conditions." Science, Technology and Innovation 3, no. 2 (December 27, 2018): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.8166.
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The subject of the research was an air-water heat pump, model PCUW 2.5kW from HEWALEX, installed in a single-family house. The pump is only used for heating water. The research was carried out from 25-08-2017 to 18-09-2017 in the village of Zborowice, in Malopolska region, Poland. The data were recorded from the heat pump system: temperature of the lower heat source (external air), temperature of the upper heat source (water temperature in the tank), time of heat pump was calculated during the analysed cycle of work and electrical energy consumption. The Coefficient Of Performance (COP) of the analysed air-water heat pump was determined. The analysis of the results was carried out using the MATLAB and EXCEL statistical tools. The correlation between COP coefficient and external air temperature is strong: 0.67.
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Ridwan Tanaka, Imam, Berkah Fajar, Tony Suryo Utomo, Eflita Yohana, and Mustaqim. "Experimental Study Performance R-22 AC Split Retrofitted With Propane." MATEC Web of Conferences 159 (2018): 02021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815902021.
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Refrigerant 22 or called R-22 is still the most widely used for air conditioners. However, since it has a relatively high global warming properties, the use of R-22 should be stopped. Refrigerant 290 briefed as R-290 (propane) is the type of refrigerant recommended by many experts for R-22 replacements because the global warming properties of R290 are much lower than R-22. Therefore, in this study the cooling capacity, flow rate mass, power consumed and COP will be evaluated. The air conditioner engine used in this research has 1 PK capacity which is redesigned by adding separator / ducting on various main components of AC. From the result of the study, there are several conclusions revealed: on the same compressor capacity, R-22 cooling capacity is still greater than R290. Meanwhile, the flow rate of R290 is lower than R-22. For power consumption from R-290, it is smaller than R-22. For the value of COP R-290, the value shows greater ie at R-290 on the variation of Incoming Temperature In Evaporator 20°C = 6.23, 23°C = 6.36, 25°C = 6.86, 29°C = 6.20. While at R-22, it shows 20°C = 5.36, 23°C = 6.02, 25°C = 5.76, 29°C = 6.335
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Gözbek, Arman, Elif Üstün, and Habibe Serap İnal. "The Immediate Effects of Kinesiotm Taping on Shoulder External Rotation in People with Shoulder Pain." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 2, no. 11_suppl3 (November 1, 2014): 2325967114S0017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967114s00170.
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Objectives: Observing the immediate effect of KinesioTMTaping(KT) on dynamic balance(DB) and acceleration(ACC) of athletes and sedentary subjects. Methods: The mean ages of athletes(n=25) and sedentary(n=25) were 21,36±2,07 and 21,64±1,62 years, weight 82,36±1,75 and 79,48±7,41kg, height 1,81±0,65 and 1,77±0,56cm, and body mass index were 24,99±4,07 and 25,20±2,12kg/cm2, respectively. They were all male and students of Yeditepe University. The athletes were in the soccer and American football teams of the university. All gave their own written consent to participate in the test protocols of the study voluntarily.Their lower extremity (LE) muscle power (JTech Myometry), and the flexibility of the LE antigravity muscles were assessed before. Their DB (Prokin PK 200) of both sides, speed and acceleration in 30m sprint (Research Tracker RT6) were assessed as before and after the KT applications on both calves to observe their immediate effects on the gastrosoleus group of muscles (p<0.05). The Y shaped KT were used starting from Achilles tendon as one piece and ending over medial and lateral heads of M.Gastrocnemius. Descriptive statistics were used to understand the physical properties of the participants. Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney-U tests were used for the significance (p< 0.05) of the data and Pearson Correlation was used to understand the relation between the data. Results: Athletes’ lower extremity muscles were stronger (p< 0.05) than the sedentary, except the M.Gluteus maximus and ankle invertors. They achieved higher performance in 30m sprint and in DB tests than the sedentary. KT on gastrosoleus group improved the DB of both sides as perimeter length(°) of the centre of pressure (COP) and the area covered (%) by COP (p< 0.05) of the athletes, but not in the ML and AP displacements (°) of COP. The athletes forward (X) and resultant (XYZ) ACC and velocity (m/sec) were significantly higher after KT application (p<0.01). The soleus, ankle invertors-evertors were effective on the forward (X) ACC, but invertors were also effective on mean velocity of the athletes, compared to sedentary. Conclusion: The athletes benefited from the immediate effects of KT application during sprinting. It increased the ability of athletes to control the movements of COP in shorter distance and smaller area compared to sedentary. Since there is no difference in AP-ML displacement of COP of both groups, we can conclude that KT does not have immediate effect on ankle strategy for DB.
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Zhang, Wen Hui, Zhe Wang, Yi Gong, Xue Hong Wu, and Yan Li Lu. "Influence of the Source and Sink Temperatures on the Experimental Research of a CO2 Trans-Critical Refrigeration and Heat Pump System." Advanced Materials Research 614-615 (December 2012): 682–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.614-615.682.
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The performance of the CO2 trans-critical system is affected significantly not only by optimal system pressure but also by instantaneous ambient temperatures. This paper presents the results of a study carried out to elucidate the influence of the source and sink temperatures on the experimental research of a CO2 trans-critical refrigeration and heat pump system which used a new dual expansion valve and a balance CO2 liquid receiver adjustment device. The unit had been fully tested along a multistate experimental study, at various evaporating temperatures and different gas cooler outlet pressures. The results showed that: the source and sink temperatures rose from 15°C to 25°C, trans-critical CO2 systems COPH average increase of 4.4% each 5°C, but COP decrease of 6.8%. The influence of the source temperature on the chilled water outlet temperature which is less than the sink temperature. The effect of the source or sink temperature on the cooling water outlet temperature to average every 5°C to change the range of from 0.7°C to 1.9°C.
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Alves, Bruno Mazziotti Oliveira, Rubens Alexandre da Silva Jr., Luciano Moreira Rosa, Thiago Rosa de Mesquita, Paulo Rui de Oliveira, Ricardo Lima Burigo, and Cesar Ferreira Amorim. "POSTURAL CONTROL ANALYSIS DURING A STANDARDIZED KICK TASK IN SOCCER ATHLETES." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 24, no. 2 (March 2018): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220182402181470.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: Postural control is a determining factor for functional performance and motor skills during sports activities. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate postural control during the controlled soccer ball kicking task through a biomechanical analysis system. Methods: The sample consisted of 11 professional male athletes recruited using convenience sampling, with a mean age of 22 years. The athletes performed twenty-five precision kicks at a target, with the ball in vertical motion released by means of a hand-held device synchronized with the computed biomechanical measurements. Marking of the lower limb segments involved in the kick and the ball were analyzed by accelerometry, while postural control measures were quantified by a force platform in three axes of movement. The support leg was investigated in single leg stance during all tests on the force platform. The main variables of postural control calculated by stabilographic analysis and computed during the 25 kicks were: center of pressure (COP) displacement area, velocity and frequency of COP oscillation in the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions. The mean was used for final analysis to determine the differences in the three phases: pre-kick, kick, and post-kick. Results: The results revealed significant differences (p <0.01) between the three phases, with the kick phase presenting higher values of postural COP oscillations than the other phases. The COP area and oscillation velocity were the variables with greatest sensitivity to changes in the kick phase, obtaining an effect size of d = 14 and d = 12, respectively. In clinical terms, the increase in COP values reached 557% between the pre-kick and kick phases; this difference was reduced to 241% when compared to post-kick (i.e., difference between kick and post-kick was 316%). Conclusion . These results have important implications for the perception of postural control responses during soccer ball kicks and consequently, for injury prevention when motor and sensory deficits are diagnosed in soccer players. Level of Evidence III; Study of nonconsecutive patients; without consistently applied reference ‘‘gold’’ standard.
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Watanabe, Satoshi, Takeshi Ota, Masachika Hayashi, Hiroyuki Ishikawa, Takao Miyabayashi, Masaki Terada, Kazuhiro Sato, et al. "Prognostic significance of radiologic features of pneumonitis induced by anti-PD-1 therapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): 9065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.9065.
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9065 Background: Anti-PD-1 therapy is now a standard treatment for patients with NSCLCs. Pneumonitis induced by immune-check point inhibitors is potentially fatal; however, some studies have shown that antitumor effects were enhanced in patients with pneumonitis. Although several radiologic patterns of pneumonitis induced by anti-PD-1 therapy have been reported, the association between radiologic features and clinical outcomes, especially enhancement of antitumor effects remains unclear. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated data of NSCLC patients treated in 1st to 3rd line with anti-PD-1 antibodies (nivolumab or pembrolizumab) at Niigata Lung Cancer Treatment Group. Pneumonitis was diagnosed by the treating investigators. The chest CT scans of patients with pneumonitis were independently reviewed by one radiologist and two pulmonologists to classify pneumonitis into 5 subtypes: cryptogenic organizing pneumonia-like (COP), ground glass opacities (GGO), interstitial, hypersensitivity and pneumonitis not otherwise specified (NOS). Results: Of 231 patients who received anti-PD-1 antibodies, pneumonitis developed in 33 patients (14.3%) at 7 institutions between January 2016 to October 2017. Of 33 patients with pneumonitis, the median age was 66 (range 45 to 82 years), 7 were female, 25 received nivolumab, and 8 received pembrolizumab. Sixteen patients were classified as GGO, 16 patients had COP-like appearance and one patient had NOS. The median survival time was significantly longer among patients with COP than among those with GGO (not reached vs. 7.8 months; HR 0.29, 95% CI 0.09-0.81; p = 0.0071). Pneumonitis improved in 94% (31 of 33) of cases, and one patient died from pneumonitis. The overall response ratio (CR+PR) was 44% in patients with COP and 31% in patients with GGO (p = 0.47). There was no statistical difference in OS between patients with systemic corticosteroid therapy for pneumonitis and those without (not reached vs. 14.8 months; HR 1.4, 95% CI 0.52-4.1; p = 0.51). Conclusions: Patients with pneumonitis classified as COP had significantly longer survival time than those with pneumonitis classified as GGO. Radiologic features of pneumonitis may reflect clinical outcomes after anti-PD-1 therapy.
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Alishah, Abbas, Mohammad Valizadeh Kiamahalleh, Fereshteh Yousefi, Anita Emami, and Meisam Valizadeh Kiamahalleh. "Solar-Assisted Heat Pump Drying of Coriander: An Experimental Investigation." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 26, no. 04 (December 2018): 1850037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132518500372.
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In this study, the solar-assisted heat pump dryer was designed, manufactured, tested and optimized for drying operations of coriander for its preservation. The heat of drying was mainly provided by a solar collector and a heat pump with two experimental modes of turned on and off. The air temperatures and velocity were identified as the critical drying variables. The responses of the experiments were evaluated in terms of coefficient of performance (COP), energy consumption and the specific moisture extraction rate (SMER). Dehumidification of coriander from the moisture contents of 0.9 to 0.1 kg/kg was considerable. The results demonstrated that utilizing heat pump noticeably decreases the drying time (down to [Formula: see text]25%), energy consumption (down to [Formula: see text]12%) and increases SMER (up to [Formula: see text]20%). The increasing of air flow rate and air temperature significantly led to decreasing the drying time and energy consumption, however, increasing the COP and SMER.
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Castro, Juan, Eduardo Rojas, Thomas Weller, and Jing Wang. "High-Permittivity and Low-Loss Electromagnetic Composites Based on Co-fired Ba0.55Sr0.45TiO3 or MgCaTiO2 Microfillers for Additive Manufacturing and Their Application to 3-D Printed K-Band Antennas." Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging 13, no. 3 (July 1, 2016): 102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/imaps.509.
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Six types of high-permittivity and low-loss electromagnetic (EM) composites based on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) or cyclo-olefin polymer (COP) host matrix, reinforced by Ba0.55Sr0.45TiO3 or MgCaTiO2 microparticle fillers with volume loading concentration up to 49 vol. %, have been prepared and characterized up to 20 GHz using cavity resonators. These high dielectric permittivity (high-k) ceramic powders were sintered at temperatures up to 1,500°C to further enhance their dielectric properties. The 49 vol. % loaded PDMS-Ba0.55Sr0.45TiO3 composites with 1,340°C sintered fillers have a relative permittivity (ɛr) of 23.51 and a loss tangent (tanδd) <0.047 at frequencies up to 20 GHz. Meanwhile, the 39 vol. % loaded PDMS-Ba0.55Sr0.45TiO3 composites with 1,340°C sintered fillers have a ɛr of 15.02 and a tanδd <0.042 at frequencies up to 16 GHz. On the other hand, the 37 vol. % loaded PDMS-MgCaTiO2 composites with 1,100°C sintered fillers have an ɛr of 12.19 and a tanδd <0.021 at frequencies up to 20 GHz. The 49 vol. % loaded PDMS-MgCaTiO2 composite specimen has a measured ɛr of 16.33 and tanδd <0.021 between 0.4 and 20 GHz. In addition, thin-sheet specimens made of 25 vol. % COP-MgCaTiO2 prepared by fused deposition modeling have a ɛr of 4.74 and a tanδd <0.0018 up to 17 GHz. Similarly, 25 vol. % COP-Ba0.55Sr0.45TiO3 samples have a ɛr of 4.92 and a tanδd <0.0115 at frequencies up to 17 GHz. For demonstration of a device prototype, a 19.6-GHz microstrip patch antenna was printed by employing a molded PDMS-MgCaTiO2 composite substrate and microdispensed silver ink (CB028) to form the conductive layer, achieving a 20-dB return loss and ~10% bandwidth. Evidently, these newly developed polymer-ceramic composites are well suited for applications up to the K-band and are amenable to be adopted by 3-D printing technologies.
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Castro, Juan, Eduardo Rojas, Thomas Weller, and Jing Wang. "Engineered Nanocomposites for Additive Manufacturing of Microwave Electronics." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2015, no. 1 (October 1, 2015): 000189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2015-wa12.
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Four types of high-permittivity and low-loss composite substrates based on a Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer host matrix, and Cyclo-Olefin Polymer (COP) reinforced by Ba0.55Sr0.45TiO3 and MgCaTiO2 micro-fillers, with volume loading concentration up to 49%, have been prepared and characterized up to 20 GHz using cavity resonators. The high-k ceramic powders were sintered at temperatures up to 1500°C to further enhance the dielectric properties. The 49% loaded PDMS-Ba0.55Sr0.45TiO3 composites with 1340°C sintered fillers have shown a relative permittivity ɛr of ~23.51 and loss tangent tanδd < 0.047 at frequencies up to 20 GHz. Meanwhile the 39% loaded PDMS-Ba0.55Sr0.45TiO3 composites with 1340°C sintered fillers have shown a relative permittivity ɛr of ~15.02 and loss tangent tanδd < 0.042 at frequencies up to 16 GHz. On the other hand, the 37% loaded PDMS-MgCaTiO2 composites with 1100°C sintered fillers have exhibited relative permittivity ɛr of ~12.19 and loss tangent tanδd < 0.021 at frequencies up to 20 GHz. The 49% loaded PDMS-MgCaTiO2 composite specimen has exhibited a measured ɛr of 16.33 and loss tangent tanδd < 0.021 between 0.4 GHz and 20 GHz. In addition, thin-sheet specimens made of 25% COP- MgCaTiO2 prepared by Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) have exhibited a relative permittivity ɛr of ~3.74 and loss tangent tanδd < 0.0022 up to 17GHz, while 25% COP-Ba0.55Sr0.45TiO3 have exhibited relative permittivity ɛr of ~4.92 and loss tangent tanδd < 0.0115, at frequencies up to 17 GHz. As a demonstration of device prototype, a 19.6 GHz microstrip patch antenna was 3D printed by employing a molded PDMS-MgCaTiO2 composite substrate and micro-dispensed silver ink (CB028) to form the conductive layer, which has achieved 20 dB return loss and about 10% bandwidth. Evidently these newly developed polymer-ceramic composites are well suited for applications up to the K-band and are amenable to be adopted by 3D printing technologies.
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Lane, Jan-Erik. "Can the Cop21 Stop the Rise of CO2s." Sustainability in Environment 5, no. 1 (December 12, 2019): p14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/se.v5n1p14.
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The UN Climate Change Conference COP 25 is a huge international reunion to attempt to enact with unanimity policies that counteract global warming or its effects. Can such really overcome the difficult problematic of collective action inherent in providing global public good? The Global Environmental Process runs meeting after meeting-no results. The global thermometer keeps rising, as Co2s do not decrease. The first manifestations of Hawking’s irreversible change have appeared around the world. Only one major non-incremental policy would make a difference: close down coal power.
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Le, Luong T. "Effects of types and quantity of live food on growth performance and survival rate of cobia larvae (Rachycentron canadum)." Journal of Agriculture and Development 18, no. 4 (August 30, 2019): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.52997/jad.6.04.2019.
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The objective of the study was to evaluate effects of 3 different diets and 3 different live food stocking densities on cobia fingerling rearing in composite tanks system in the Ninh Thuan 1st grade Seafood Breeding Center from 6 - 25 days old. The experiment was performed as a 3 × 3 factorial design [live food types: 100% Copepoda (Cop), 100% Nauplius of Artemia (Art), and 50% Copepoda + 50% Artemia; live food stocking densities: 5 - 10 individuals/mL, 10 - 15 individuals/mL, and 15 - 20 individuals/mL]. Each treatment had 5 replicates. After the nursery phase, the results showed that environmental parameters in all treatments were in normal ranges for cobia larvae growth. There was no difference in total length when cobia larvae were fed different feed densities (P < 0.05). The 100% Art live food and the live food density of 15 - 20 individuals/mL gave the highest growth rate, whereas the 100% Cop live food and the live food density of 5 - 10 individuals/mL resulted in the lowest weight of larvae. There was no difference in weight gain when simultaneously changing the types and live food density (P < 0.05). The survival rate of cobia larvae was highest for the 100% Cop live food and the live food density of 15 - 20 individuals/mL and lowest for the 100% Art live food and the live food density of 5 - 10 individuals/mL. However, there was no difference in the survival rate of cobia larvae when simultaneously changing the types and live food density (P < 0.05).
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Krauss, Ekaterina, Jana Haberer, Olga Maurer, Guillermo Barreto, Fotios Drakopanagiotakis, Maria Degen, Werner Seeger, and Andreas Guenther. "Exploring the Ability of Electronic Nose Technology to Recognize Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILD) by Non-Invasive Breath Screening of Exhaled Volatile Compounds (VOC): A Pilot Study from the European IPF Registry (eurIPFreg) and Biobank." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 10 (October 16, 2019): 1698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8101698.
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Background: There is an increasing interest in employing electronic nose technology in the diagnosis and monitoring of lung diseases. Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) are challenging in regard to setting an accurate diagnosis in a timely manner. Thus, there is a high unmet need in non-invasive diagnostic tests. This single-center explorative study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of electronic nose (Aeonose®) in the diagnosis of ILDs. Methods: Exhaled volatile organic compound (VOC) signatures were obtained by Aeonose® in 174 ILD patients, 23 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and 33 healthy controls (HC). Results: By dichotomous comparison of VOC’s between ILD, COPD, and HC, a discriminating algorithm was established. In addition, direct analyses between the ILD subgroups, e.g., cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP, n = 28), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF, n = 51), and connective tissue disease-associated ILD (CTD-ILD, n = 25) were performed. Area under the Curve (AUC) and Matthews’s correlation coefficient (MCC) were used to interpret the data. In direct comparison of the different ILD subgroups to HC, the algorithms developed on the basis of the Aeonose® signatures allowed safe separation between IPF vs. HC (AUC of 0.95, MCC of 0.73), COP vs. HC (AUC 0.89, MCC 0.67), and CTD-ILD vs. HC (AUC 0.90, MCC 0.69). Additionally, to a case-control study design, the breath patterns of ILD subgroups were compared to each other. Following this approach, the sensitivity and specificity showed a relevant drop, which results in a poorer performance of the algorithm to separate the different ILD subgroups (IPF vs. COP with MCC 0.49, IPF vs. CTD-ILD with MCC 0.55, and COP vs. CT-ILD with MCC 0.40). Conclusions: The Aeonose® showed some potential in separating ILD subgroups from HC. Unfortunately, when applying the algorithm to distinguish ILD subgroups from each other, the device showed low specificity. We suggest that artificial intelligence or principle compound analysis-based studies of a much broader data set of patients with ILDs may be much better suited to train these devices.
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Jaradat, Mustafa, Mohammad Al-Addous, Aiman Albatayneh, Zakariya Dalala, and Nesrine Barbana. "Potential Study of Solar Thermal Cooling in Sub-Mediterranean Climate." Applied Sciences 10, no. 7 (April 1, 2020): 2418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10072418.
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Air conditioning is becoming increasingly important in the energy supply of buildings worldwide. There has been a dramatic increase in energy requirements for cooling buildings in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. This is before taking the effects of climate change into account, which will also entail a sharp increase in cooling requirements. This paper presents the potential of using a solar thermal absorption cooling system in Sub-Mediterranean Climate. Four sites in Jordan are now equipped with water-lithium bromide (H₂O-LiBr) absorption chillers with a total nominal capacity of 530 kW. The focus of the paper was on the pilot system at the German Jordanian University (GJU) campus with a cooling capacity of 160 kW. The system was designed and integrated in order to support two existing conventional compression chillers with a nominal cooling capacity of 700 kW. The system was economically evaluated based on the observed cooling capacity results with a Coefficient of Performance (COP) equals 0.32, and compared with the values observed for a COP of 0.79 which is claimed by the manufacturer. Several techniques were implemented to evaluate the overall economic viability in-depth such as present worth value, internal rate of return, payback period, and levelized cost of electricity. The aforementioned economic studies showed that the absorption cooling system is deemed not feasible for the observed COP of 0.32 over a lifespan of 25 years. The net present value was equal to −137,684 JD and a payback period of 44 years which exceeds the expected lifespan of the project. Even for an optimal operation of COP = 0.79, the discounted payback period was equal to 23 years and the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) was equal to 0.65 JD/kWh. The survey shows that there are several weaknesses for applying solar thermal cooling in developing countries such as the high cost of these systems and, more significantly, the lack of experience for such systems.
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Turner, Oliver, and David Leung. "On-call medical seclusion reviews: are we meeting MHA code of practice (COP) requirements?" BJPsych Open 7, S1 (June 2021): S109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.321.
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AimsAre Junior Trainee, Medical Seclusion Reviews complaint with MHA COP Criteria?ObjectivesAre we seeing newly secluded patients on time?Are we documenting these reviews in clinical notes?Do documented reviews meet criteria stated by the MHA COP 26.133?Are we informing Higher Trainees of the need for MDT reviews?BackgroundSeclusion is an important aspect of inpatient care. MHA COP Chapter 26 provides guidance for documenting seclusion reviews, ensuring safeguards are in place to protect patient's safety and human rights. Secluded patients require a medical review within 1 hour, and four hourly thereafter, until a higher trainee or Consultant undertake an MDT Review. In our Trust, LYPFT, trainees undertake these reviews. There is noted discrepancy in seclusion review documentation. This audit identifies our compliance with time limits, and whether documentation meets the required criteria in the MHA Code of PracticeMethodOur Sample includes all Out-of-Hour Junior Trainee Medical Seclusion Reviews between 01/01/20 and 01/04/20 at LYPFT. Seclusions were identified from on call logs, and clinical notes were reviewed for a documented seclusion review. The date and time of seclusion are recorded, whether a 1 or 4 hourly review, and the time of review. We recorded any mention of: physical health; mental state; observation levels; recent medication; medication side effects; risk to others; risk to self and the need for ongoing seclusion.Result56 episodes of seclusion were identified; all 56 had a documented medical seclusion review. 49 reviews were on time, 4 were late with a documented reason, and 3 were late without. There was documentation of the Higher Trainee being informed in 53 reviews.No seclusion reviews mentioned all MHA COP criteria. We more frequently mentioned patients’ physical health (51), psychiatric health (52) and need for seclusion (54). 46 seclusion reviews mentioned risk of harm to others; only 3 mentioned risk of self-harm. 25 seclusion reviews mentioned medication, and 5 mentioned review for side effects. 5 seclusion reviews mentioned observation levels.ConclusionOur Junior Doctor Seclusion Reviews were not meeting the MHA Code of Practice Criteria, and we believe this to largely be due to lack of awareness of the standards. As such, results have been disseminated to Junior trainees in weekly teaching. We created a medical seclusion review template, adopted by the Trust, to ensure documentation compliance with the MHA COP. Junior doctor inductions now include a presentation regarding Seclusion, the reviews and documentation. We will re-audit in 12 months.
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Elibol, Ercan, Juan Calderon, Martin Llofriu, Wilfrido Moreno, and Alfredo Weitzenfeld. "Analyzing and Reducing Energy Usage in a Humanoid Robot During Standing Up and Sitting Down Tasks." International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 13, no. 04 (November 29, 2016): 1650014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219843616500146.
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The aim of this paper is to reduce the energy consumption of a humanoid by analyzing electrical power as input to the robot and mechanical power as output. The analysis considers motor dynamics during standing up and sitting down tasks. The motion tasks of the humanoid are described in terms of joint position, joint velocity, joint acceleration, joint torque, center of mass (CoM) and center of pressure (CoP). To reduce the complexity of the robot analysis, the humanoid is modeled as a planar robot with four links and three joints. The humanoid robot learns to reduce the overall motion torque by applying Q-Learning in a simulated model. The resulting motions are evaluated on a physical NAO humanoid robot during standing up and sitting down tasks and then contrasted to a pre-programmed task in the NAO. The stand up and sit down motions are analyzed for individual joint current usage, power demand, torque, angular velocity, acceleration, CoM and CoP locations. The overall result is improved energy efficiency between 25–30% when compared to the pre-programmed NAO stand up and sit down motion task.
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MIRBOD, SAED MOHSEN, MOHAMMAD TAGHI KARIMI, and A. ESHRAGHI. "THE EFFECTS OF DRESS SHOES ON STABILITY DURING QUIET STANDING AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION WHILE WALKING." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 12, no. 05 (December 2012): 1250029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519412500297.
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Footwear is an extremely important clothing item worn by all individuals. Currently, there is insufficient research regarding the influence of dress shoes on standing stability and energy consumption while walking. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of dress shoes on the performance of normal subjects based on stability and energy consumption analysis. Fifteen normal subjects were recruited in this research study to stand and walk with and without shoes. The stability of the subjects in quiet standing was measured by the use of a force plate based on center of pressure (COP) sway. The energy consumption was evaluated by a heart rate monitoring system (Polar Electro) based on the physiological cost index (PCI). The mean values of PCI while walking with and without shoes were 0.29 ± 0.117 and 0.265 ± 0.112 beats/m, respectively (p-value > 0.05). The amplitudes of COP sways in the mediolateral and anteroposterior directions were 10.4 ± 3.5 and 25 ± 6.92 mm while standing with shoes and 9.3 ± 2.84 and 22.5 ± 5.25 mm in barefoot standing, respectively (p-value > 0.05). It can be concluded that wearing dress shoes does not influence the performance of subjects while standing or walking.
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Ilsters, Andrievs, and Imants Ziemelis. "Research On Decrease Of Outside Air Heat Pump Passive Evaporators Ice-Cover." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (August 5, 2015): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2011vol1.895.
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Two years (2009-2010) experience of the experimental use of alternative energy sources in technological processes of agriculture is analyzed. Water was heated by an outside air heat pump with passive evaporators, and used for new born piglets resting place floor heating. Experimental data were obtained by the reckoning consumption of electric energy for the operation of the heat pump’s compressor and electric heater, and by a heat meter registering the consumed heat energy. The obtained data show that the outside air heat pump with passive evaporators is working successfully during summer months, when the coefficient of performance (COP) of the heat pump exceeds 3.5. When the outside temperature decreases under +10˚C, the heat pump evaporators become covered with hoarfrost and ice. The value of the COP and produced amount of heat energy reduce, and the electric heater often switches on. During the experimental research one of the heat pump evaporators was supplied with a ventilator, air flow from which was washing the surface of the evaporator’s plates. So the satisfactory operation of the heat pump was provided till December 10, 2009 and November 25, 2010.
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Sabudin, Sulastri, Mohamad Syafiq Mohamad Noor, Mohammad Kamil Abdullah, Mohd Faizal Mohideen Batcha, and Juntakan Taweekun. "Performance Evaluation of a Split Unit Air-Conditioner Retrofitted with Hydrocarbon Refrigerant (HC22)." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 82, no. 1 (April 21, 2021): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.82.1.126132.
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The performance evaluation of a small capacity split unit air-conditioner when retrofitted with hydrocarbon refrigerant (HC22) was presented in this paper. Unlike traditional hydrofluorocarbon refrigerant (HCFC22) which possess ozone depletion potential (ODP) and high global warming potential (GWP), the HC22 refrigerant has zero ODP and a GWP value less than 3. Experimental work was carried out in a controlled environment which mimics an office room, with surrounding temperature varied from 25°C, 30°C and 35°C to simulate the typical cooling loads in Malaysia. The performance of HC22 refrigerant was compared with that of HCFC22 at these temperatures. The results show that the coefficient of performance (COP) of HC22 is higher, ranging from 3.5% to about 11% in comparison to HC22. The observation during experiments also shows that a typical HCFC22 can be retrofitted without any issue. The COP values obtained were 6.03, 6.35 and 6.15 for HC22 and 5.71, 5.66 and 5.63 for HCFC22 respectively. It can be concluded from this study that HC22 can be retrofitted directly to a HCFC system but other issues such as refrigerant flammability and safety issues shall be taken into account.
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Manuschevich, Daniela. "Inversión estatal en investigación y desarrollo forestal frente a la COP-25: ¿Libres de elegir entre bosques nativos y plantaciones exóticas?" Investigaciones Geográficas, no. 58 (December 17, 2019): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5354/0719-5370.2019.54487.
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En el contexto de la conferencia de las Partes sobre Cambio Climático (COP25) se plantea que el sector forestal sería uno de los grandes sumideros de carbono que le permitirían a Chile disminuir la intensidad de sus emisiones de carbono. El gobierno plantea que las opciones de mitigación que ofrece el manejo de bosque nativo, junto con una renovada expansión de las plantaciones forestales contribuirían a esta meta. Ante esta propuesta cabe preguntarse cuanto ha invertido el Estado en desarrollar investigación, tecnología y desarrollo productivo de estas dos opciones. La hipótesis es que se ha invertido más en especies exóticas que en bosque nativo. Se elaboró y analizó una base de datos de proyectos financiados total o parcialmente por el Estado. Se analizaron 1.139 proyectos entre los años 1981 y 2018, los que se compararon en términos de los montos asignados, dinámicas temporales y espaciales. Se asignó en total 1,5 veces más fondos a proyectos de investigación y desarrollo en plantaciones forestales que a proyectos similares basados en especies nativas, siendo un proyecto de especies exóticas 1,6 más caro que su contraparte. Desde 2010, ha habido una tendencia al alza en proyectos sobre especies nativas, sin embargo, esto se sostiene únicamente en el Fondo de Investigación para el Bosque Nativo. Se discuten las implicancias de estas desigualdades de conocimiento y desarrollo. Se concluye que las diferencias en inversión y desarrollo en el sector forestal han ayudado a construir sector basado en plantaciones forestales muy rentables, en desmedro del desarrollo de los bosques nativos y sus territorios.
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Salzer, Saskia, Raffaela Heansel, Julia Rey, Laura Maltry, Fabian Holzgreve, Jasmin Lampe, Eileen M. Wanke, David A. Groneberg, and Daniela Ohlendorf. "Injury Occurrence in Male Handball Players and its Impact on Physical Constitution." International Journal of Sports Medicine 41, no. 05 (January 22, 2020): 328–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1028-7630.
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AbstractIn male handball, limited knowledge exists about the body posture and postural control in correlation to their injury occurrence and their impact on physical constitution. 91 male handball players participated and were asked about playing position and years, NSAIDs intake, sustained injuries and therapy duration. A three-dimensional back scanner and a pressure measuring plate were used. Shoulder injuries cause a differing scapular height and increase the vertebrae rotation in correlation to playing years. Lower limb injuries lead to a decrease on the Centre of Pressure (CoP) with growing game experience. Wing players show the lowest injury risk. Lower limb and shoulder girdle are mostly affected regarding the incidence of injuries. Pivot players suffer most injuries in the lower limb area (59%), whereas wing players mostly have shoulder injuries (19%). Being injured, 21% of the players continue playing, 79% pause for a minimum of six months (25%). No correlation can be determined between level of profession, use of NSAIDs and body posture or postural control. Playing position, employment situation or NSAIDs have no influence on type of injury, body posture or postural control. While shoulder injuries can be recognized in the vertebrae area, lower limb injuries can affect the CoP.
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Chikai, Manabu, Emi Ozawa, Hiroshi Endo, and Shuichi Ino. "Evaluation of Standing-Up Motion from a Forward-Sloping Toilet Seat for Older People." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (February 3, 2021): 1368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041368.
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(1) Background: In-home assistive systems to help people with physical disabilities stand up from toilets are necessary, and the ease of the standing-up motion should be evaluated. (2) Methods: This study investigated the ease of the standing-up motion using objective and subjective data from healthy participants to facilitate the development of a toilet-seat-tilting system. Participants were divided into younger and older age groups. Objective data concerning muscle activity (EMG), three-dimensional (3D) body motion, and center of pressure distribution (COP) were collected. The participants also provided subjective data related to standing up from a toilet tilted at three different angles. (3) Results: All participants repeated the motion 25 times for each angle and provided feedback regarding their standing-up experience under each condition. Objective EMG, COP, and 3D body motion analysis results varied across individuals and age groups. The older group exhibited a consistent pattern of head motion while standing up. Thus, older individuals prefer a forward trunk-inclination motion. (4) Conclusions: According to the collected subjective data, all participants found it easier to stand when the seat angle was 5° or 10°; objective data on the ankle dorsiflexion angle, muscle activity, and head motion may be related to the subjective ease of the standing-up motion.
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Desai, Ankur, Valerie Goodman, Naaz Kapadia, Barbara L. Shay, and Tony Szturm. "Relationship Between Dynamic Balance Measures and Functional Performance in Community-Dwelling Elderly People." Physical Therapy 90, no. 5 (May 1, 2010): 748–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20090100.
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BackgroundPoor balance control, mobility restrictions, and fall injuries are serious problems for many older adults.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate a new dynamic standing balance assessment test for identifying individuals at risk for falling in a group of community-dwelling older adults.DesignThis was a cross-sectional observational study of 72 community-dwelling older adults who were receiving rehabilitation in a geriatric day hospital.MethodA Dynamic Balance Assessment (DBA) test protocol was developed based on the concept of the Sensory Organization Test and the Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction and Balance. The DBA consists of 6 tasks performed on a normal floor surface and repeated on a sponge surface. A flexible pressure mat was used to record the foot's center of pressure (COP) on both surfaces, and loss of balance was recorded. Balance performance also was evaluated using the Berg Balance Scale, the Timed “Up & Go” Test, gait speed, and the Six-Minute Walk Test. Participants were classified as “fallers” or “nonfallers” based on a self-report.ResultsNo significant differences were noted between the faller group (n=47) and the nonfaller group (n=25) for demographic variables or medications. The DBA composite scores, which were derived from analysis of COP excursions of the 6 tasks performed on the sponge surface, were able to distinguish between fallers and nonfallers. Of the clinical tests, only the Timed “Up & Go” Test was able to differentiate between the faller and nonfaller groups.LimitationsA prospective study is needed to confirm the current findings and to expand testing to a larger and more diverse sample.ConclusionsThe findings indicate that analysis of the extent and amount of COP displacements during selected tasks and under different surface conditions is an appropriate method to assess dynamic standing balance controls and can discriminate between fallers and nonfallers among community-dwelling elderly people.
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Maslak, G. S. "Effect of anticancer therapy on Tn antigen exposure on the leucocyte membranes in patients with leukemia." Visnyk of Dnipropetrovsk University. Biology, medicine 5, no. 2 (August 31, 2014): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/021419.
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Tn-antigen (Thomsen-nouvelle antigen) is tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen with only one GalNAc residue attached to serine or threonine of polypeptide chain. There is not enough data about the expression of this glycotope in hematologic processes. But the correlations between increasing Tn-antigen expression on the cell surface and tumor growth progression, invasion, and activation of cell migration are well known. Therefore, the currently important area of modern research is studying of the impact of anticancer therapy by expression of this carbohydrate antigen in the onco-proliferative process. There are two types of cytostatic therapies in clinical hospitals of Ukraine: COP-therapy (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone) and FC-therapy (fludarabine, cyclophosphamide), which are the most popular due to their effectiveness and low price. The aim of our study was to investigate Tn-antigen exposure on the surface of lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes in polycythemia vera and subleukemic myelosis; to examine the influence of COP- and FC-therapies on Tn-antigen exponation in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The objects of the study were blood cells of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (n = 25), polycythemia vera (n = 15) and subleukemic myelosis (n = 15) aged 58–66 years. Healthy hematologic volunteers (n = 15) aged 55 to 65 years were in the control group. Lymphocytes of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (n = 25) were also studied after the chemotherapy treatment of patients divided into two groups: those who took COP-therapy (n = 13); and those who treated with FC-therapy (n = 12). Tn-antigen exposure on lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes was investigated by Beckman Сoulter EPICS flow cytometer with primary monoclonal Tn-antigen anybodies (Institute of Immunology, Moscow, Russia) and secondary fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled antybodies (Millipore, USA). The number of dead cells was monitored by binding them with propidium iodide. The result was analyzed with FC Express. According to our data, Tn-antigen exposure was not detected on the surface of blood cells (lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes) in the control group and in patients with polycythemia vera and subleukemic myelosis. Nevertheless, Tn-antigen was identified on the surface of more than 80% of lymphocytes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. The intensity of this tumor-associated antigen exposure on lymphocytes membrane was 100 times higher compared with that in normal lymphocytes. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients after COP-treatment the number of lymphocytes with surface Tn-antigen was equal to 28,1 ± 0,8%, and after FC-treatment it decreased to 9,5 ± 0,5%. Moreover, positive effect of cytotoxic therapy used in treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia on intensity of Tn-antigen exposure on the surface of lymphocytes was shown. FC-therapy (fludarabine, cyclophosphamide) is more effective; compared with the data prior to this treatment it 40 times reduced the relevant index. Therefore, it can be applied in Ukraine for chemotherapeutic treatment schemes effective against Tn-antigen.
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Janikova, Andrea, Robert Pytlik, Pavel Klener, Zbynek Bortlicek, Vit Campr, Natasa Kopalova, Katerina Benesova, et al. "Population-Based Analysis of Elderly Patients (>70 YEARS) with Peripheral T-CELL Lymphoma: A Results from Czech Lymphoma Study Group (CLSG) Registry." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 3000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.3000.3000.
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Abstract INTRODUCTION: Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) is a heterogeneous group of aggressive lymphomas with usually poor prognosis. Age was identified as the independent risk factors in many studies. Elderly patients suffer from comorbidities, impaired organ functions, and poor performance status resulting in worse tolerance of therapy and its efficacy. Data on outcome, prognosis and treatment efficacy for elderly patients with PTCLs are sparse. METHODS: We used data of 941 newly diagnosed PTCLs registered into CLSG database between January 1999 and March 2015 with last follow-up in February 2016. CLSG database covers approximately 85% of all newly diagnosed NonHodgkin´s lymphomas (NHLs) in Czech Republic. For the analysis, 208 patients with age >70 years at diagnosis were selected. RESULTS: Totally, PTCLs accounted for about 8.7% (454/5210) patients of all NHLs in population younger 60 years, but only about 5.8% (208/3561) NHL patients older 70 years. Median age was 76ys (71-91ys), 94 (45%) were women, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was elevated in 130/208 (62.5%) pts., ECOG ≥2 had 80 (38%) pts., and advanced clinical stage III-IV presented 132/208 (63.5%) pts. We identified following PTCL subtypes: PTCL-NOS (Peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified) 89/208 (43%), Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) 34/208 (16.3%), Cutaneous Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (C-ALCL) 10/208 (4.8%), Mycosis fungoides/ Sézary syndrome (MF/SS) together 29/208 (14%), NK/T nasal lymphoma (NK/T) 2/208 (1%), Angioimmunoblastic lymphoma (AITL) 17/208 (8.1%), Cutaneous CD30+ T lymphoproliferative disease 1/208 (0.5%), T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia (T-LBL) 3/208 (1.4%), T-cell lymphoma without specification (T-NHL) 17/208 (8.1%). Distribution of PTCL subtypes changed significantly with age. There was higher proportion of PTCL-NOS (43% vs. 34%; p.001) and MF/SS (14% vs. 4.8%; p<.001) in elderly patients (>70ys) compared to younger cohort (≤70ys; n=725). Contrary, percentage of ALCL (16.3% vs. 27%; p<.001) with main difference in ALK+ cases (2% vs. 11%; p<.001), and NK/T (1% vs. 5%; p.003) was lower in elderly PTCLs, whereas the incidence of AITL (8.1% vs. 6.6%) or EATL (3.4% vs. 3%) was similar in both age subgroups. For the whole cohort of PTCLs (>70ys), the 5-year overall survival (OS) was 30% and 5-year progression free survival (PFS) was 21% regardless of subtype or stage. Progression is fatal event in elderly patients with median survival about 8 months only. There were significant survival differences between patients (>70ys vs. ≤70ys) according to PTCL subtype; PTCL-NOS 5 yr-OS 23% vs. 43% (p.00001), ALCL ALK+ 5-yr OS not reached vs. 79% (p.01), ALCL ALK- 5 yr-OS 24% vs. 50% (p.001). Patients with AITL or EATL showed no age-related survival differences. First-line chemotherapy was administered in majority of cases (67%); CHOP-like regimen was given in 78 (37%) pts., COP-like in 44 (21%) pts., and other chemotherapy in 18 (9%) cases. Local therapy (surgery, radiotherapy) was administered in first line in 17 (8%) pts., no or palliative therapy (corticoids) was given in 34 (17%) pts., initial therapy was unknown in 17 (8%) cases. We compared two subgroups of patients according to first line chemotherapy CHOP (n=75) vs. COP (n=41). Median age was 74ys (71-84) vs. 79ys (71-89), high IPI was presented in 29% vs. 50% of patients (p.001). Complete response (CR) was achieved in 35/75 (47%) CHOP treated patients, and in 7/41 (17%) patients managed with COP (p.001). Contrary, there were 12/75 (16%) progression in CHOP arm compared to 10/41 (24%) COP treated pts. Five-year OS was 28% vs. 15% better in CHOP group (p.029) and 5-yr PFS 25% vs. 10%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In population-based analysis of adult Caucasian PTCL patients, we identified mild decreasing incidence with age. There were significant age-related distribution differences of PTCL subtypes with shift to preponderance of PTCL-NOS, Mycosis fungoides, and NK/T nasal lymphoma in elderly. Worse survival in elderly PTCLs in comparison to younger patients was evident especially for PTCL-NOS and ALCL subtypes. Despite the baseline differences (COP managed pts. had higher IPI), there is tendency that anthracycline-based chemotherapy (CHOP) brings better results with higher proportion of CR and lower progression/relapse rate projected in longer survival. Disclosures Belada: Seattle Genetics: Research Funding. Mayer:AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding.
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Hussain, Rafah, and Issam Mohammed Ali. "The Experimental Assessment of R134a and Its Lower GWP Alternative R1234yf in an Automobile Air Conditioning System." Journal of Engineering 25, no. 12 (November 26, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2019.12.1.
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Reducing global warming potential (GWP) of refrigerants is needed to the decrease of ozone-depleting of refrigeration systems leakages. Refrigerant R1234yf is now used to substitute R134a inside mobile air conditioning systems. Thermodynamic properties of R1234yf are similar to R134a. Also, it has a very low GWP of 4, compared to 1430 for R134a, making it a proper choice for future automobile refrigerants. The purpose of this research is to represent the main operating and performance differences between R1234yf and R134a. Experimental analysis was carried out on the automotive air conditioning system (AACS) with 3 kW nominal capacity, to test and compare the performance of R134a with R1234yf. Experiments were accomplished for both refrigerants in almost the same working conditions and procedure with a range of ambient temperature varied from 26oC to 50oC. Parameters studied were ambient temperature, type of refrigerant in the system at compressor speed 1450 rpm, and internal thermal loads of passenger room. The performance characteristics of the system, including COP and cooling capacity, were studied by changing different parameters. The results show that COP of R134a is higher than R1234yf by 12.6%, while the refrigeration effect of R134a is higher than R1234yf by 25%. This shows that R1234yf is a suitable and good candidate for drop-in replacement of R134a in AACS.
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Saleh, B., Ayman A. Aly, M. Alsehli, M. M. Bassuoni, and A. Elfasakhany. "Performance investigation of a solar-driven ejector refrigeration cycle." World Journal of Engineering 16, no. 5 (October 7, 2019): 625–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-03-2019-0088.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the performance and working fluids screening for an ejector refrigeration cycle (ERC) activated by solar energy. Several common and new hydrofluorocarbons, hydrocarbons, hydrofluoroolefins and hydrofluoroethers are proposed as refrigerants for the ERC to determine the most appropriate one. Design/methodology/approach The ejector performance is characterized by the ejector area ratio (EAR) and entrainment ratio (ω), while the cycle performance is described by the coefficient of performance (COP). The influences of many working parameters like the evaporator, condenser and generator temperatures on the ejector and cycle performances are investigated for all candidates as well. Findings The results indicate that the best ejector and cycle performances are attained with the highest critical temperature dry refrigerant, i.e. R601 under all studied working conditions. From the perspective of energy efficiency and environmental issues, R601 can be considered the most appropriate working fluid amongst all candidates. However, extra attention should be considered against its flammability. The maximum COP, the corresponding ω and the necessary EAR using R601 are 0.743, 1.02 and 15.5, respectively, with 25 ºC condenser temperature and the typical values for the rest operating conditions. Originality/value Many common and new hydrofluorocarbons, hydrocarbons, hydrofluoroolefins and hydrofluoroethers are suggested as working fluids for the ERC to determine the most appropriate one. The mixing process inside the ejector constant-area section is assumed constant-pressure process.
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Tomita, Naoto, Yukako Hattori, Shin Fujisawa, Chizuko Hashimoto, Jun Tguchi, Hirotaka Takasaki, Rika Sakai, Ukihide Tateishi, and Yoshiaki Ishigatsubo. "Post-Therapy 18f-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Predicts Outcome In Patients With Peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 4244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.4244.4244.
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Abstract Background Positron emission tomography (PET) is being increasingly performed for evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy (post-therapy PET) after lymphoma treatment. Although post-therapy PET is effective in predicting the outcome in 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid lymphomas such as Hodgkin lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, its efficacy in predicting the outcome for peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) is not fully elucidated. Hence, we evaluated the association between the results of post-therapy PET and prognosis in patients with PTCLs. Patients and Methods Of the 57 patients with PTCLs (peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified [PTCLnos] and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma [AITL]) who underwent first-line treatment in 5 hospitals of the Yokohama City University Hematology Group between 2005 and 2011, we enrolled 37 patients who were evaluated by post-therapy PET in this study. The histological diagnoses were PTCLnos in 16 cases and AITL in 21 cases. All 37 patients received adriamycin (ADR)- or THP-ADR (THP)-containing chemotherapy with curative intent. Of these, 2 patients received involved-field radiotherapy as a part of first-line therapy. For the evaluation of post-therapy PET, images were interpreted by local nuclear medicine physicians and detailed reports were prepared. The association between the results of the post-therapy PET and outcome of the patients was evaluated. Results The study population comprised 19 men and 18 women. Their median age was 63 years (range 16-83 years), and the median observation period among the surviving patients was 42 months. According to the International Prognostic Index (IPI), 7 (19%) patients were at low risk, 11 (30%) were at low-intermediate risk, 12 (32%) were at high-intermediate risk, and 7 (19%) were at high risk. The distribution of prognostic index for T-cell lymphoma was 5 (14%) in group 1, 12 (32%) in group 2, 15 (40%) in group 3, and 5 (14%) in group 4. At presentation, 15 (41%) patients had B symptoms and 6 (16%) showed bone marrow involvement. None had a bulky mass with a >10-cm diameter in the horizontal section. First-line treatment included CHOP, THP-COP, THP-COP followed by involved-field irradiation, and biweekly THP-COP in 6, 22, 2, and 7 patients, respectively. None of the patients received up-front stem cell transplantation. At presentation, 27 patients underwent PET, of which and 26 (96%) showed positive results. Of the 37 patients who underwent post-therapy PET, 12 (32%) showed positive results and 25 (68%) showed negative results. The 3-year progression-free survival rates in the positive and negative post-therapy PET result groups were 17% and 62%, respectively (P< 0.001) (Figure). Ten of the 12 post-therapy PET patients showing positive results experienced PD (positive predictive value, 83%), while 16 of the 25 patients showing negative results did not experienced PD (negative predictive value, 64%). The 3-year overall survival rates in the positive and negative post-therapy PET result groups were 46% and 84%, respectively (P = 0.044). All of the 9 patients died during the observation period due to lymphoma. Conclusions Post-therapy PET predicts the outcome in patients with PTCLs (PTCLnos and AITL). Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Kim, Chang Oh, Jin Heung Kim, and Nak Kyu Chung. "A Study on Supercooling Characteristics of Clathrate Compounds with Concentration of TMA." Materials Science Forum 544-545 (May 2007): 645–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.544-545.645.
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Ice storage system that water is used as low temperature latent heat storage material, refrigerator capacity is increased and COP is decreased because refrigerator is operated at low temperature due to supercooling of water in the course of phase change from solid to liquid. This study is investigated the cooling characteristics of the TMA-water clathrate compound including TMA (Tri-methyl-amine, (CH3)3N) of 20~25 wt% as a low temperature latent heat storage material at -5°C, cooling source temperature. The results showed that the phase change temperature, the specific heat is increased and the supercooling degree is decreased as the weight concentration of TMA became higher. Especially, low temperature latent heat storage material containing TMA 25 wt% has the average of phase change temperature of 5.8°C, supercooling degree of 8.0°C and specific heat of 4.099kJ/kgK in the cooling process. Phase change temperature higher than that of water and inhibitory effect against supercooling can be confirmed through experimental study on cooling characteristics of TMA-water clathrate compound.
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Arifianto, Enang Suma, Ega Taqwali Berman, and Mutaufiq Mutaufiq. "Investigation on the improvement of car air conditioning system performance using an ejector." MATEC Web of Conferences 197 (2018): 08013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819708013.
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The purpose of this research is to know the improvement of car air conditioner system performance using an ejector. The study was conducted on a car engine with power 100 PS (74 kW) @ 5000 rpm. The test procedure is carried out under two conditions: the normal refrigeration cycle mode and the refrigeration cycle mode with the ejector. The working fluid used in the refrigeration cycle is R-134a. Performance data was measured on engine revolutions ranging from 1500 - 3000 rpm. Finally, the results showed that ejector usage on AC system generates an increase in the refrigeration effect and coefficient of performance (COP) of 25% and 22%, respectively. This has implications to better cooling capacity and compressor work that is lighter.
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Kuczyńska, Agnieszka, and Władysław Szaflik. "Absorption and adsorption chillers applied to air conditioning systems." Archives of Thermodynamics 31, no. 2 (July 1, 2010): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10173-010-0010-0.
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Absorption and adsorption chillers applied to air conditioning systemsThis work presents an application possibility of sorption refrigerators driven by low temperature fluid for air conditioning of buildings. Thermodynamic models were formulated and absorption LiBr-water chiller with 10 kW cooling power as well as adsorption chiller with silica gel bed were investigated. Both of them are using water for desorption process with temperatureTdes= 80 °C. Coefficient of performance (COP) for both cooling cycles was analyzed in the same conditions of the driving heat source, cooling waterTc= 25 °C and temperature in evaporatorTevap= 5 °C. In this study, the computer software EES was used to investigate the performance of absorption heat pump system and its behaviour in configuration with geothermal heat source.
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Rusu, Ligia, Elvira Paun, Mihnea Ion Marin, Jude Hemanth, Mihai Robert Rusu, Mirela Lucia Calina, Manuela Violeta Bacanoiu, Mircea Danoiu, and Daniel Danciulescu. "Plantar Pressure and Contact Area Measurement of Foot Abnormalities in Stroke Rehabilitation." Brain Sciences 11, no. 9 (September 14, 2021): 1213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11091213.
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Background: Evaluation of plantar pressure in stroke patients is a parameter that could be used for monitoring and comparing how the timing of starting a rehabilitation program effects patient improvement. Methods: We performed the following clinical and functional evaluations: initial moment (T1), intermediate (T2), and final evaluation at one year (T3). At T1 we studied 100 stroke patients in two groups, A and B (each 50 patients). The first group, A, started rehabilitation in the first three months after having a stroke, and group B started after three months from the time of stroke. Due to the impediments observed during rehabilitation, we made biomechanic evaluation for two lots, I and II (each 25 patients). Assessment of the patient was carried out by clinical (neurologic examination), functional (using the Tinetti Functional Gait Assessment Test for classifying the gait), and biomechanical evaluation (maximal plantar pressure (Pmax), contact area (CA), and pressure distribution (COP)). Results: The Tinetti scale for gait had the following scores: for group A, from 1.34 at the initial moment (T1) to 10.64 at final evaluation (T3), and for group B, 3.08 at initial moment (T1) to 9 at final evaluation (T3). Distribution of COP in the left hemiparesis was uneven at T1 but evolved after rehabilitation. The right hemiparesis had uniform COP distribution even at T1, explained by motor dominance on the right side. CA and Pmax for lot I increased more than 100%, meaning that there is a possibility for favorable improvement if the patients start the rehabilitation program in the first three months after stroke. For lot II, increases of the parameters were less than lot I. Discussions: The recovery potential is higher for patients with right hemiparesis. Biomechanic evaluation showed diversity regarding compensatory mechanisms for the paretic and nonparetic lower limb. Conclusions: CA and Pmax are relevant assessments for evaluating the effects on timing of starting a rehabilitation program after a stroke.
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Piirainen, Jarmo M., Vesa Linnamo, Neil J. Cronin, and Janne Avela. "Age-related neuromuscular function and dynamic balance control during slow and fast balance perturbations." Journal of Neurophysiology 110, no. 11 (December 1, 2013): 2557–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00476.2013.
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This study investigated age-related differences in dynamic balance control and its connection to reflexes and explosive isometric plantar flexor torque in 19 males (9 Young aged 20–33 yr, 10 Elderly aged 61–72 yr). Dynamic balance was measured during Slow (15 cm/s) and Fast (25 cm/s) anterior and posterior perturbations. H/M-ratio was measured at 20% of maximal M-wave (H/M20%) 10, 30, and 90 ms after perturbations. Stretch reflexes were measured from tibialis anterior and soleus during anterior and posterior perturbations, respectively. In Slow, Elderly exhibited larger peak center-of-pressure (COP) displacement (15%; P < 0.05) during anterior perturbations. In Fast, Young showed a trend for faster recovery (37%; P = 0.086) after anterior perturbations. M-wave latency was similar between groups (6.2 ± 0.7 vs. 6.9 ± 1.2 ms), whereas Elderly showed a longer H-reflex latency (33.7 ± 2.3 vs. 36.4 ± 1.7 ms; P < 0.01). H/M20% was higher in Young 30 ms after Fast anterior (50%; P < 0.05) and posterior (51%; P < 0.05) perturbations. Plantar flexor rapid torque was also higher in Young (26%; P < 0.05). After combining both groups' data, H/M20% correlated negatively with Slow peak COP displacement ( r = −0.510, P < 0.05) and positively with Fast recovery time ( r = 0.580, P < 0.05) for anterior perturbations. Age-related differences in balance control seem to be more evident in anterior than posterior perturbations, and rapid sensory feedback is generally important for balance perturbation recovery.
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Fitzgerald, Guy, Junior A. Tremblay, Jérôme Lemaître, and Antoine St-Louis. "Captures accidentelles d’aigles royaux et de pygargues à tête blanche par les trappeurs d’animaux à fourrure au Québec." Le Naturaliste canadien 139, no. 1 (December 3, 2014): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1027674ar.
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Au Québec, un programme provincial de réhabilitation des oiseaux de proie mis sur pied il y a plus de 25 ans a révélé l’existence de captures accidentelles d’aigles par les trappeurs d’animaux à fourrure. Ainsi, la capture accidentelle de 34 aigles royaux et 84 pygargues à tête blanche a été déclarée au Québec entre 1986 et 2012, ce qui représente respectivement 62 % (n = 55) et 48 % (n = 177) des oiseaux acheminés vivants ou morts à la Clinique des oiseaux de proie de la Faculté de médecine vétérinaire de l’Université de Montréal (COP). De plus, une base de données indépendante (excluant les oiseaux dirigés à la COP) de déclaration de captures accidentelles aux agents de protection de la faune a comptabilisé 187 aigles supplémentaires entre 1989 et 2006, portant le total à 305 aigles capturés accidentellement entre 1986 et 2012. Un sondage posté aux trappeurs en 2009, avec un taux de réponse de 38,9 % (n = 2743), a révélé qu’au moins 191 aigles ont été capturés accidentellement avant 2009 et que seulement 33,5 % des trappeurs ont déclaré leurs prises accidentelles d’aigles. Les données historiques et le sondage ont confirmé que les aigles étaient principalement capturés lors du piégeage de canidés. Depuis 2008, des efforts supplémentaires ont été faits afin d’encourager les déclarations de toutes les captures accidentelles et de mieux les documenter. Par ailleurs, des mesures préventives ont été promues auprès des trappeurs par leur fédération et les intervenants dans ce dossier.
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Kizawa, Momoko, Toshito Yasuda, Hiroaki Shima, Katsunori Mori, Seiya Tsujinaka, and Masashi Neo. "Effect of Toe Type on Static Balance in Ballet Dancers." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 35, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2020.1005.
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OBJECTIVES: Some forefoot shapes are ideal for pointe work in ballet. Egyptian-type, with the hallux being longest and the remaining toes decreasing in size, and Greek-type, with the second toe longer than the hallux, are considered less optimal for pointe work. Square-type, with the second toe the same length as the hallux, is considered optimal. This study compared postural stability in the bipedal stance, demi pointe, and en pointe between ballet dancers with the two toe types using a stabilometer. METHODS: This study included 25 Japanese ballet academy dancers who had received ballet lessons for at least 6 years. Toes were categorized into Egyptian-type (n=14) and square-type (n=11). Bipedal stance, demi pointe, and en pointe were tested. Center of pressure (COP) parameters were calculated from ground-reaction forces using two force plates: total trajectory length (LNG), velocities of anterior-posterior (VAP) and medial-lateral directions (VML), and maximum range displacement in the anterior-posterior (MAXAP) and medial-lateral directions (MAXML). Mann-Whitney U-tests were used to examine differences in COP parameters. RESULTS: There were no differences in parameters during bipedal stance or demi pointe. However, dancers with Egyptian-type toes had significantly greater LNG (p<0.01), VML (p=0.01), MAXML (p<0.01), and MAXAP (p=0.03) during en pointe. CONCLUSIONS: Ballet dancers with Egyptian-type toes demonstrated greater displacement in the medial-lateral and anterior-posterior directions during en pointe. Ballet dancers should be aware of toe types and sway character to optimize ballet training and balance.
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Ribeiro, Joane Severo, Melissa Medeiros Braz, Luiz Fernando Cuozzo Lemos, Patrícia Paludette Dorneles, and Carlos Bolli Mota. "Influência da visão e da dupla tarefa no controle postural de idosas com perdas urinárias." Fisioterapia Brasil 20, no. 3 (June 19, 2019): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.33233/fb.v20i3.2801.
Full textAbstract:
Introdução: A incontinência urinária (IU) é um processo natural do envelhecimento, afetando 25 a 45% das mulheres brasileiras. Portadores de IU podem apresentar alterações no controle postural, pois a musculatura do assoalho pélvico é responsável pela estabilização das estruturas da pelve, possuindo íntima relação com o controle postural estático. Objetivo: Comparar o controle postural de mulheres idosas com perdas urinárias e continentes, nas condições de olhos abertos, supressão da visão e teste de dupla tarefa. Métodos: Estudo observacional de caráter transversal com 46 idosas, 26 com IU com 68,31 ± 5,79 anos e 20 continentes com 69,3 ± 6,87 anos. Realizou-se anamnese para identificar aspectos de saúde das idosas, onde incluía autorrelato de perda urinária. Para análise do controle postural utilizou-se uma plataforma de força para a obtenção dos dados referentes ao centro de pressão (COP). A normalidade dos dados foi verificada através do teste de Shapiro-Wilk e teste t de Student. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: Não foram observadas diferenças significativas em todas as variáveis do COP na situação de olhos abertos, nem nas variáveis COPap e COPml de olhos fechados, bem como no COPap, COPml e COPvel na dupla tarefa. As variáveis COPvel e COPelp de olhos fechados e COPelp na dupla tarefa, apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p < 0,05). Conclusão: As mulheres idosas com relato de IU apresentaram um pior desempenho do controle postural estático no que se refere a velocidade média de oscilação e a área de oscilação, quando comparadas às idosas continentes.Palavras-chave: equilíbrio postural, dupla tarefa, idosos, incontinência urinária.