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Gerhards, Claudia [Verfasser]. "Rhino-Sinusitis is a frequent problem in COPD : A case-control study / Claudia Gerhards." München : GRIN Verlag, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1184213879/34.
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Arkstål, Emil. "Interactive Analytics and Visualization for Data Driven Calculation of Individualized COPD Risk." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Interaktiva och kognitiva system, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-151925.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a high mortality disease, second to stroke and ischemic heart disease. This non-curable disease progressively exacerbates, leading to high personal and societal economic impact, reduced quality of life and often death. General treatment plans for COPD risk mistreating the individuals’ condition. To be effective, the treatment should be individualized following the practices of precision medicine. The aim of this thesis was to develop a data driven algorithm and system with visualization to assess individual COPD risk. With MRI body composition profile measurements, it is possible to accurately assess propensity of a multitude of metabolic conditions, such as coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes. The algorithm and system has been developed using Wolfram Language and R within the Wolfram Mathematica framework. The algorithm calculates individualized virtual control groups metabolically similar to the patient’s body composition and spirometric profile. Using UK Biobank data, our tool was used to assess patient COPD propensity using an individual-specific virtual control group with AUROC 0.778 (female) and 0.758 (men). Additionally, the tool was used to identify new body composition profiles related to COPD and associated comorbid conditions.
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Gau, Jen-Tzer, Utkarsh H. Acharya, M. Salman Khan, and Tzu-Cheg Kao. "Risk factors associated with lower defecation frequency in hospitalized older adults: a case control study." BioMed Central Ltd, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/610289.
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BACKGROUND: Constipation is highly prevalent in older adults and may be associated with greater frequency of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). We investigated the prevalence of lower defecation frequency (DF) and risk factors (including AECOPD) associated with lower DF among hospitalized elderly patients. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective case-control study in a community hospital of Southeast Ohio. Adults aged 65 years or older admitted during 2004 and 2006 were reviewed (N = 1288). Patients were excluded (N = 212) if their length of stay was less than 3 days, discharge diagnosis of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, death or ventilator- dependent respiratory failure during hospitalization. Lower DF was defined as either an average DF of 0.33 or less per day or no defecation in the first three days of hospitalization; cases (N = 406) and controls (N = 670) were included for the final analysis. RESULTS: Approximately 38% had lower DF in this patient population. Fecal soiling/smearing of at least two episodes was documented in 7% of the patients. With the adjustment of confounders, AECOPD (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.01-2.13) and muscle relaxant use (AOR =2.94; 95% CI =1.29-6.69) were significantly associated with lower DF. Supplementation of potassium and antibiotic use prior to hospitalization was associated with lower risk of lower DF. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 38% of hospitalized older adults had lower DF. AECOPD and use of muscle relaxant were significantly associated with lower DF; while supplementation of potassium and antibiotic use were protective for lower DF risk after adjusting for other variables.
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Tatari, Wisam. "Using Pharmacist-Led Tele-Consultation to Review Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17311.
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Akiki, Zeina. "Biological Markers For Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease And Asthma." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS081/document.
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L’étude des marqueurs biologiques dans la broncho-pneumopathie chronique obstructive (BPCO) et l'asthme, deux maladies respiratoires chroniques affectant des millions de personnes dans le monde, pourrait améliorer leur diagnostic, leur traitement et leur prévention.Cette thèse comprend deux parties. La première visait à évaluer l'association entre un marqueur spécifique des poumons, la protéine surfactant D (SP-D) sérique, et la BPCO, et à trouver un seuil de SP-D capable de discriminer les patients BPCO des témoins. Elle a été réalisée dans le cadre d’une étude cas-témoin au Liban incluant des patients BPCO (n=90), des asthmatiques (n=124) et des témoins (n=180). La deuxième partie visait à évaluer les associations chez les adultes des marqueurs de l’inflammation systémique (protéine C-réactive ultra-sensible, hs-CRP (n=252), et des cytokines (n=283)) et des marqueurs de dommages dus au stress oxydant (8-isoprostanes 8-IsoPs (n=258) du condensat de l’air exhalé) avec les phénotypes de l’asthme.Elle a été réalisée dans le cadre de l'étude épidémiologique longitudinale Française des facteurs génétiques et environnementaux de l'asthme (EGEA).Les résultats ont montré que les niveaux de SP-D sériques étaient associés positivement avec la BPCO et des seuils des niveaux de SP-D chez ces patients ont été identifiés avec d'excellentes valeurs discriminantes. Dans EGEA, aucune association n'a été trouvée entre les niveaux de hs-CRP sériques et le contrôle de l’asthme. Des profils de cytokines sériques (identifiés par analyse en composante principale) avec des niveaux élevés d’interleukine(IL)-1Ra et d’IL-10 ont été associés avec moins de crises d'asthme et un risque plus faible d'un mauvais contrôle de l'asthme sept ans plus tard. Les résultats des analyses préliminaires sur les associations entre les niveaux de 8-IsoPs et les phénotypes de l'asthme sont également présentés.Globalement, ces résultats ont montré l'utilité d'étudier les marqueurs biologiques en lien avec la BPCO et l'asthmeStudying the biological markers in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, two chronic respiratory diseases affecting millions of individuals around the world, could improve their diagnosis, their treatment and their prevention.This thesis includes two parts. The first aimed to assess the association between a lung-specific biomarker, serum Surfactant Protein D (SP-D), and COPD, and to find cut-off points able to discriminate COPD patients from controls using SP-D levels. It was performed in a case-control study in Lebanon including COPD (n=90) and asthma patients (n=124) and controls (n=180). The second part aimed to assess the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations in adults for systemic inflammatory biomarkers (high sensitivity C reactive protein hs-CRP (n=252) and cytokines (n=283) as well as biomarkers of damage due to oxidative stress (8-Isoprostanes 8-IsoPs (n=258) from the exhaled breath condensate) and asthma outcomes.It was performed in the French longitudinal epidemiological study on the genetics and environmental factors of asthma (EGEA).Results showed that serum SP-D levels were positively associated with COPD and thresholds for SP-D levels in these patients were identified with excellent discriminant values. In EGEA, no association was found between serum hs-CRP levels and asthma control. Serum cytokine profiles (identified by principal component analysis) with high levels of interleukin (IL)-1Ra and IL-10 were associated with less asthma attacks and lower risk of poor asthma control in adults seven years later. The results of the preliminary analyses on the associations between the levels of 8-IsoPs and asthma outcomes are also presented.Overall, these results have shown the usefulness of studying the biological markers related to COPD and asthma
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Ammari, Wasem G. S. "Evaluation of novel tool to ensure asthma and COPD patients use the approved inhalation technique when they use an inhaler. Clinical pharmacy studies investigating the impact of novel inhalation technique training devices and spacers on the inspiratory characteristics, disease control and quality of life of patients when using their inhalers." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4422.
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Many respiratory patients misuse their inhaler. Although training improves their inhaler technique, patients do forget the correct inhaler use with time. In the current work, three clinical studies investigated novel tools designed with feedback mechanisms to ensure patients use the correct inhalation method when using their inhaler. Research Ethics Committee approval was obtained and all the participants signed an informed consent form.
In the first study, the recruited asthmatic children (n=17) and adults (n=39) had their metered dose inhaler (MDI) technique assessed. Those who attained the recommended inhalation flow rate (IFR) of < 90 l/min through their MDI formed the control group. Whilst those who had a poor MDI technique with an IFR ¿ 90 l/min were randomized into either the verbal counselling (VC) group; or the 2ToneTrainer (2TT) group that, in addition to the verbal training, received the 2ToneTrainer MDI technique training device equipped with an audible feedback mechanism of correct inhalation flow. All the participants were assessed on two occasions (6 weeks apart) for their inhalation flow rate, asthma control and quality of life. The study showed that the 2ToneTrainer tool was as efficient as verbal training in improving and maintaining the asthmatic patients¿ MDI technique, particularly using the recommended slow inhalation flow through the MDI. Although statistically insignificant, potential improvement in quality of life was demonstrated. The 2ToneTrainer tool has the advantage of being available to the patients all the time to use when they are in doubt of their MDI technique.
In the second research study, the inhalation profiles of asthmatic children (n=58) and adults (n=63), and of COPD patients (n=63) were obtained when they inhaled through the novel Spiromax dry powder inhaler (DPI) which was connected to an electronic pressure change recorder. From these inspiratory profiles; the peak inhalation flow, inhalation volume and inhalation acceleration rate were determined. The variability (23% - 58%) found in these inhalation profile parameters among various patient groups would be expected in all DPIs. The effect of the inhalation acceleration rates and volumes on dose emission characteristics from DPIs should be investigated. Attention, though, should be paid to the patients¿ realistic inhalation profile parameters, rather than the recommended Pharmacopoeial optimal inhalation standard condition, when evaluating the in-vitro performance of DPIs.
Finally, in preschool asthmatic children, the routine use of the current AeroChamber Plus spacer (n=9) was compared with that of a novel version; the AeroChamber Plus with Flow-Vu spacer (n=10) over a 12-week period. The Flow-Vu spacer has a visual feedback indicator confirming inhalation and tight mask-face seal. The study showed that the new AeroChamber Plus with Flow-Vu spacer provided the same asthma control as the AeroChamber Plus in preschool children and maintained the same asthma-related quality of life of their parents. However, the parents preferred the new Flow-Vu spacer because its visual feedback indicator of inhalation reassured them that their asthmatic children did take their inhaled medication sufficiently.
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Ammari, Wasem Ghazi Saleem. "Evaluation of novel tool to ensure asthma and COPD patients use the approved inhalation technique when they use an inhaler : clinical pharmacy studies investigating the impact of novel inhalation technique training devices and spacers on the inspiratory characteristics, disease control and quality of life of patients when using their inhalers." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4422.
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Many respiratory patients misuse their inhaler. Although training improves their inhaler technique, patients do forget the correct inhaler use with time. In the current work, three clinical studies investigated novel tools designed with feedback mechanisms to ensure patients use the correct inhalation method when using their inhaler. Research Ethics Committee approval was obtained and all the participants signed an informed consent form. In the first study, the recruited asthmatic children (n=17) and adults (n=39) had their metered dose inhaler (MDI) technique assessed. Those who attained the recommended inhalation flow rate (IFR) of < 90 l/min through their MDI formed the control group. Whilst those who had a poor MDI technique with an IFR ≥ 90 l/min were randomized into either the verbal counselling (VC) group; or the 2ToneTrainer (2TT) group that, in addition to the verbal training, received the 2ToneTrainer MDI technique training device equipped with an audible feedback mechanism of correct inhalation flow. All the participants were assessed on two occasions (6 weeks apart) for their inhalation flow rate, asthma control and quality of life. The study showed that the 2ToneTrainer tool was as efficient as verbal training in improving and maintaining the asthmatic patients' MDI technique, particularly using the recommended slow inhalation flow through the MDI. Although statistically insignificant, potential improvement in quality of life was demonstrated. The 2ToneTrainer tool has the advantage of being available to the patients all the time to use when they are in doubt of their MDI technique. In the second research study, the inhalation profiles of asthmatic children (n=58) and adults (n=63), and of COPD patients (n=63) were obtained when they inhaled through the novel Spiromax dry powder inhaler (DPI) which was connected to an electronic pressure change recorder. From these inspiratory profiles; the peak inhalation flow, inhalation volume and inhalation acceleration rate were determined. The variability (23%-58%) found in these inhalation profile parameters among various patient groups would be expected in all DPIs. The effect of the inhalation acceleration rates and volumes on dose emission characteristics from DPIs should be investigated. Attention, though, should be paid to the patients' realistic inhalation profile parameters, rather than the recommended Pharmacopoeial optimal inhalation standard condition, when evaluating the in-vitro performance of DPIs. Finally, in preschool asthmatic children, the routine use of the current AeroChamber Plus spacer (n=9) was compared with that of a novel version; the AeroChamber Plus with Flow-Vu spacer (n=10) over a 12-week period. The Flow-Vu spacer has a visual feedback indicator confirming inhalation and tight mask-face seal. The study showed that the new AeroChamber Plus with Flow-Vu spacer provided the same asthma control as the AeroChamber Plus in preschool children and maintained the same asthma-related quality of life of their parents. However, the parents preferred the new Flow-Vu spacer because its visual feedback indicator of inhalation reassured them that their asthmatic children did take their inhaled medication sufficiently.
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Cáceres, Rivera Diana Isabel 1984. "Innovaciones en el entrenamiento de músculos respiratorios en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) : Diseño de una válvula dual digital con incentivos visual y sonoro, diseño de un software de registro y control del entrenamiento, y evaluación del impacto de un nuevo esquema de entrenamiento corto de alta intensidad." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/482047.
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INTRODUCTION: Respiratory muscle weakness and fatigue are related to clinical deterioration in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Respiratory muscle training (RMT) is a key therapeutic strategy in these patients. It is necessary therefore to increase its dissemination on a large scale, improve patient´s adherence and optimize the control of the implementation of training. The aim of this project was to design a RMT device including light and sound incentives, digital registration application and analysis of the training sessions, and studying the effectiveness of a new shortened RMT scheme of high intensity that could provide added value to enhance the implementation of training in patients with COPD.
METHODS: From an operational point of view, researches were organized into three packages of complementary work focused on the design of a new portable dual valve with electronic lighting and auditory incentives components. The conceptualization and design of software to analyze the performance and individual continuous use of the valve, and the evaluation of the feasibility, safety and efficacy of a shortened schedule of respiratory muscle training in adult patients with COPD were realized.
RESULTS: The invention of an integrated dual valve system (inspiratory and expiratory) and its calibration software, adaptation, recording, individual analysis for respiratory muscle training was developed. Interventions allowed showing that inspiratory and expiratory muscle training added value to the general physical training with a response in one or more functional variables in 86% of patients. In fact, the most important occurred in those receiving respiratory training together with high overall intensity more inspiratory and / or expiratory. Patients who perform general training + Shortened RMT of high intensity obtained significant improvements values in PImax, PEmax, Watt, Watt/VO2peak y 6mWT. (p<0,05).
CONCLUSIONS: The invention of a new valve of respiratory muscle training with lighting and sound incentive, the design of an innovative software related to its use, and the identification of the efficacy and safety of a new shortened scheme of respiratory muscle training (supervised and self-administered) bring technological and services innovation with potential clinical relevance regarding non-pharmacological management of patients with COPD. These strategies could increase the spread of respiratory muscle training in both hospital and outpatient settings.INTRODUCCIÓN: La debilidad y fatiga de los músculos respiratorios se relacionan con el deterioro clínico (síntomas, signos) y funcional en pacientes con Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica (EPOC). Dado que el entrenamiento muscular respiratorio (EMR) constituye una estrategia terapéutica fundamental para estos pacientes, es necesario aumentar su difusión a gran escala, mejorar la adherencia de los pacientes, y optimizar el control de la ejecución del entrenamiento. El objetivo principal de este proyecto fue diseñar un dispositivo de EMR con incentivo luminoso y sonoro, aplicación digital de registro y análisis de las sesiones de entrenamiento, y a la vez, estudiar la efectividad de un esquema de EMR de alta intensidad y corta duración que, en conjunto, ofrecieran un valor añadido para mejorar la aplicación del entrenamiento en pacientes con EPOC. MÉTODOS: Desde el punto de vista operativo, las investigaciones se organizaron en tres paquetes de trabajo complementarios dirigidas a: 1) diseño de una nueva válvula dual portátil con componentes electrónicos de incentivo lumínico y auditivo, 2) la conceptualización y diseño de un software de análisis del funcionamiento y uso individual y continuado de la válvula, y 3) la evaluación de la eficacia de un esquema acortado de EMR en pacientes con EPOC estable mediante ensayo clínico aleatorizado. RESULTADOS: Se realizó la invención y desarrollo de un sistema integrado de una válvula dual (inspiratoria y espiratoria) y su software de calibración, adecuación, registro y análisis individual para el EMR. Las intervenciones permitieron demostrar que el entrenamiento muscular inspiratorio y espiratorio aporta valor añadido al entrenamiento físico general, con una respuesta ante el entrenamiento en una o más variables funcionales en el 86% de los pacientes. Los pacientes que realizaron entrenamiento general + EMR de corta duración y alta intensidad, obtuvieron mejorías significativas en los valores de PImax, PEmax, Watt, Watt/VO2peak y 6mWT. (p<0,05). CONCLUSIONES: La invención de una nueva válvula de EMR con incentivador lumínico y sonoro, el diseño de un innovador software relacionado con su uso, así como la identificación de la eficacia y seguridad un nuevo esquema de EMR de alta intensidad y corta duración, supervisado y autoadministrado, aportan innovación tecnológica y terapéutica con relevancia clínica potencial referente al manejo no-farmacológico de los pacientes con EPOC. Es importante destacar que estas estrategias pueden aumentar la difusión del EMR tanto en entornos hospitalarios como ambulatorios.
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Neubert, Miranda J., Elizabeth A. Dahlmann, Andrew Ambrose, and Michael D. L. Johnson. "Copper Chaperone CupA and Zinc Control CopY Regulation of the Pneumococcal cop Operon." AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626457.
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Any metal in excess can be toxic; therefore, metal homeostasis is critical to bacterial survival. Bacteria have developed specialized metal import and export systems for this purpose. For broadly toxic metals such as copper, bacteria have evolved only export systems. The copper export system (cop operon) usually consists of the operon repressor, the copper chaperone, and the copper exporter. In Streptococcus pneumoniae, the causative agent of pneumonia, otitis media, sepsis, and meningitis, little is known about operon regulation. This is partly due to the S. pneumoniae repressor, CopY, and copper chaperone, CupA, sharing limited homology to proteins of putative related function and confirmed established systems. In this study, we examined CopY metal crosstalk, CopY interactions with CupA, and how CupA can control the oxidation state of copper. We found that CopY bound zinc and increased the DNA-binding affinity of CopY by roughly an order of magnitude over that of the apo form of CopY. Once copper displaced zinc in CopY, resulting in operon activation, CupA chelated copper from CopY. After copper was acquired from CopY or other sources, if needed, CupA facilitated the reduction of Cu2+ to Cu1+, which is the exported copper state. Taken together, these data show novel mechanisms for copper processing in S. pneumoniae. IMPORTANCE As mechanisms of copper toxicity are emerging, bacterial processing of intracellular copper, specifically inside Streptococcus pneumoniae, remains unclear. In this study, we investigated two proteins encoded by the copper export operon: the repressor, CopY, and the copper chaperone, CupA. Zinc suppressed transcription of the copper export operon by increasing the affinity of CopY for DNA. Furthermore, CupA was able to chelate copper from CopY not bound to DNA and reduce it from Cu2+ to Cu1+. This reduced copper state is essential for bacterial copper export via CopA. In view of the fact that innate immune cells use copper to kill pathogenic bacteria, understanding the mechanisms of copper export could expose new small-molecule therapeutic targets that could work synergistically with copper against pathogenic bacteria.
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Duckworth, Kevin A. "La dépression dans la maladie pulmonaire obstructive chronique prédit-elle la fréquentation et la conformité à l'exercice pendant la rééducation respiratoire, et le niveau d'exercice maintenu 9 mois plus tard?" Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11256.
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La maladie pulmonaire obstructive chronique (MPOC) est une maladie respiratoire irréversible, évolutive et très fréquente qui fait peser un lourd fardeau sur le système de santé, les patients et leurs proches. La réadaptation pulmonaire (RP) est efficace pour réduire la dyspnée et l’utilisation des ressources en soins de santé et pour améliorer la capacité physique et la qualité de vie des patients. L’entraînement physique est la pierre angulaire de la RP, mais elle n’est bénéfique que si les patients 1) assistent aux séances d’exercice, 2) se conforment à l'intensité des exercices prescrits et 3) maintiennent l'exercice physique régulier après la RP. La dépression comorbide est disproportionnée dans la MPOC et s’est révélée être un facteur prédictif de « mauvaise » fréquentation de la RP, et d'abandon de la pratique physique régulière après le programme. À notre connaissance, aucune étude ne s'est intéressée aux prédicteurs de conformité à l'intensité d'exercice prescrit pendant la RP et seules quelques études ont explorées les facteurs associés au maintien de l'exercice après la RP. L’objectif principal de cette étude consistait à examiner dans quelle mesure les symptômes dépressifs à l'entrée de la RP permettent de prédire 1) la présence aux séances de RP, 2) le respect de l'intensité (conformité) des exercices d’endurance prescrits pendant la RP, et 3) le niveau d’exercice physique maintenu 9 mois après la RP. Un deuxième objectif consistait à explorer d'autres variables susceptibles d'être associées à ces paramètres. Trente-six patients (64 % de femmes) atteints de la MPOC stable, modérée à sévère, ont été inscrits à un programme de RP de 12 semaines comportant 36 séances d’exercice physique supervisé. À l’entrée du RP les patients ont rempli l’Inventaire de Dépression de Beck (BDI-II, le prédicteur principal) et le formulaire C de l’Échelle du locus de contrôle sur la santé (LCS), et ont subi des tests de fonction pulmonaire et une épreuve d’effort progressif à vélo (pour déterminer l'intensité de l'exercice pour la RP). Ensuite, ils ont été répartis de façon aléatoire dans trois groupes à intensité d’exercice différente. La fréquentation de la RP était définie comme le pourcentage de séances suivies; la conformité, comme la durée d’entraînement pratiquée à la fréquence cardiaque cible; et le maintien de l'exercice physique régulier comme le niveau d’exercice fait au cours d’une semaine 9 mois après la RP (enregistré dans un journal d’activité physique et calculé en équivalents métaboliques de l’effort [MET] minutes ). La médiane (écart interquartile ou IQR) du score au BDI-II était de 8,5 points (6-13), la médiane (IQR) du taux de la fréquentation aux séances était de 83% (67-94), la médiane du taux de compliance à l’intensité d'exercice était de 94% (71-99), et la médiane du nombre de minutes MET après la RP était de 706 (445-1146). Les analyses de régression linéaire ne montrent pas de relation entre les symptômes dépressifs pré-RP et la fréquentation des séances de la RP (ß = 0,12; p = 0,478). Par-contre, ils étaient associés à la conformité à l'intensité de l’exercice physique pendant la RP (ß = -0,40; p = 0,047), et à la poursuite de la pratique d’un exercice physique régulier après la RP (ß = -0,50; p = 0,004). Les analyses étaient ajustées pour des covariables prédéfinies. Les analyses exploratoires ont révélé que certaines variables supplémentaires (y compris LCS) étaient associées aux issues mesurées. Les résultats de cette étude montrent que même les niveaux de dépression sous-cliniques pourraient jouer un rôle important dans la compliance aux programme de réentraînement, et au maintien d’un style de vie actif après la période de réadaptation. Cela a des implications pour améliorer le dépistage des « mauvais » résultats dans la RP et pour l'élaboration d'interventions ciblées pour améliorer les bénéfices pour la santé découlant de la réadaptation pour la MPOC.Abstract : Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an irreversible, progressive, and highly prevalent respiratory illness that poses a great burden on the healthcare system, patients, and their families. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is effective in reducing dyspnea and health care resource utilization, and increasing exercise capacity and quality of life. Exercise training is the cornerstone of PR but is only beneficial if patients 1) attend sessions, 2) comply with the prescribed exercise regimen, and 3) maintain regular exercise after supervised PR ends. Comorbid depression is disproportionately high in COPD and has been found to predict poor attendance at PR and low levels of exercise maintained afterwards. To our knowledge, no study has investigated predictors of exercise compliance during PR, and only a few studies have examined predictors of exercise maintenance post PR. The primary objective of this study was to examine how much baseline depressive symptomatology can predict 1) PR attendance, 2) PR exercise compliance, and 3) levels of exercise maintained at 9-months post PR. A secondary, exploratory objective was to identify additional variables that might also have significant associations with these outcomes. Thirty-six patients (64% female) with stable COPD were enrolled in a 12-week 36-session supervised exercise intervention in the context of a PR program. Patients underwent evaluations at entry to PR which included the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II, the main predictor), the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (HLC) Scale Form-C, pulmonary function tests, and an incremental cycling test (to determine the exercise intensity prescription). Patients were randomized to one of three groups of varying exercise intensity. Attendance was defined as the percent of total sessions attended, compliance as the percent of endurance training time exercising at a prescribed target heart rate, and post-PR exercise as the total exercise performed over a 7-day period recorded in a physical activity diary and calculated as metabolic equivalent of task (MET) minutes. Median (IQR) baseline BDI-II was 8.5 (6-13), median (IQR) percent attendance was 83 (67-94), median (IQR) percent exercise compliance was 94 (71-99), and median (IQR) exercise MET-minutes post PR was 706 (445-1146). In multiple regression analyses, baseline depressive symptomatology did not emerge as a significant independent predictor of PR attendance (ß = .12, p = .478), but was a significant predictor of PR exercise compliance (ß = -.40, p = .047), and of exercise maintained post PR (ß = -.50, p = .004), with adjustment for a-priori defined covariates. Secondary exploratory analyses revealed that certain additional variables (including HLC) had associations with particular outcomes. The findings suggest that even subclinical levels of depression can predict PR exercise compliance and post-PR exercise levels. This has implications for improving screening for, and understanding of, poor outcomes in PR and for developing targeted interventions to optimize the health benefits that can be derived during and after PR for COPD.
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Morad, Antoni, and Faruk Travancic. "Control for Cold Rolling Mills." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-97924.
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This report contains the details in a final research thesis work done rolling mill technology. The work is carried out at Heat Transfer located at Finspång. The main objective of this work is to evaluate thickness and flatness data from the profile to give an optimal start value for the pressure and force applied on the machine and the speed as well, so that the profiles produced, have the right thickness and best possible flatness. Thickness, start value for power, the degree of bending the profiles are set up and sent down to the control system. The report starts with a theory part describing the heating and cooling during process for aluminium profiles. A practical part describes experiments conducted on the rolling mill process under various conditions. The thesis work shows that the quality can be improved by rolling the slab in Aluminium industry by executing band tests and analysing graphs as 3-sigma, outward thickness and 3Dgraphs and its flatness.Den här rapporten avser ett examensarbete som har utförts inom valsteknik. Examensarbetet genomfördes på Sapa Finspång Heat Transfer. Syftet med arbetet var att utvärdera tjockleksdata och planhetsdata, dvs. att ge högsta optimala startvärdet för valskraften för att komma fort i rätt tjocklek och ge bästa möjliga planhet. Tjockleken, startvalskraften, startkraft valsböjningen är de set up-värden som skickas ner till reglersystemet. Rapporten inleds med en teoridel som beskriver varm- och kallvalsning av aluminium och en praktisk del som bygger på olika valsningsförsök. Exsamensarbetet visar att det går att öka kvaliteten på valsämnet vid valsning inom aluminiumindustrin genom att utföra bandtester och analysera grafer som 3-sigma, utgående tjocklek samt 3D-grafer och dess planhet.
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Martay, Hugo E. L. "Coherent control of cold rubidium dimers." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.533833.
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Thorn, Jeremy, and Jeremy Thorn. "Dissipative Control and Imaging of Cold Atoms." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12474.
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We present an all-optical one-way barrier for cold rubidium 87 atoms. Along with the basic theory on how the barrier works, we describe the experimental setup and demonstrate an actual realization of the barrier. Such a barrier appears at first glance to violate the second law of thermodynamics; we examine that law and show explicitly that it is not violated for a general class of one-way barriers including our particular realization. As our lab is going to continue on to a different set of experiments requiring very sensitive imaging techniques, we finish with the development and application of a theory for comparing electron-multiplying charge-coupled device (EMCCD) cameras.
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Geddes, Eric John Muir. "Tandem cold rolling and robust multivariable control." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30171.
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Tandem cold rolling presents difficult challenges to the control engineer: the mill is a nonlinear multivariable system, limited instrumentation is available to measure product quality, the deformation process is uncertain, there are significant material transport delays and practical mill operation is required over a wide range of speeds with a variety of rolled products, introducing significant variation in the mill dynamics. A robust multivariable control solution is sought in this thesis. A nonlinear simulation of an open-loop mill is developed and validated against published data. A methodology for designing H loop shaping controllers is presented. Controller development, based on a typical industrial structure, is undertaken for comparative purposes and both types of controller are evaluated at full mill speed in the face of a wide range of disturbances. A gain scheduling scheme, with rules for weight modification at the intermediate operating points, is designed for mill acceleration. Potential for improved product quality is seen with the H controller. Theoretical studies into H optimization problems are also undertaken. In particular, the well-known problem of pole-zero cancellation is addressed. A novel construction of weighting function in a mixed sensitivity design enables the cancellation phenomenon to be exploited and is shown to act as a mechanism for partial pole placement. It is also shown how pole-zero cancellation arises with H loop shaping for particular classes of plant. Further perceived shortcomings of the H loop shaping method, namely the relationship between shaped and nominal plant uncertainty and the mathematical intractability of the uncertainty model, are afforded consideration. Several structured uncertainty models are investigated and relationships uncovered between H loop shaping and -synthesis. A structured loop shaping design is motivated: a solution via - K iteration yields an interesting robust stability interpretation, while the design is shown to have attractive robust stability and robust performance potential.
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Garimella, Srinivas S. "Application of repetitive control and iterative learning control to cold rolling processes /." The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487859313347042.
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Sauer, Jacob A. "Cold Atom Manipulation for Quantum Computing and Control." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/4809.
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Devices that exploit the properties of quantum mechanics for their operation can offer unique advantages over their classical counterparts. Interference of matter waves can be used to
dramatically increase the rotational sensitivity of gyroscopes. Complete control of the quantum evolution of a system could produce a new powerful computational device known as a quantum computer. Research into these technologies offers a deeper
understanding of quantum mechanics as well as exciting new insights into many other areas of science. Currently, a limiting factor in many quantum devices using neutral atoms is accurate motional control over the atoms. This thesis describes two recent advancements in neutral atom motional control using both magnetic and electromagnetic confining fields. Part I reports on the demonstration of the first storage ring for neutral atoms. This storage ring may one day provide the basis for the world's most
sensitive gyroscope. Part II describes the optical delivery of neutral atoms into the mode of a high-finesse cavity for applications in quantum computing and communication.
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Brown, Paul Curtis. "Naval arms control : a post-Cold War reappraisal." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/28389.
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Kowalczyk, Anna Urszula. "Manipulation and control of ultra-cold rubidium atoms." Thesis, Open University, 2013. http://oro.open.ac.uk/54835/.
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During the course of this PhD an experimental set-up has been designed and implemented to confine neutral atoms in microscopic dipole traps and to manipulate their internal states by laser excitation to Rydberg states. A lot of effort was devoted to the stabilization of the laser sources for two-photon excitation to the Rydberg states, using techniques based on modulation transfer spectroscopy and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Taking advantage of the EIT spectroscopy scheme, we have measured for the first time the electric dipole moments for the transitions between the first excited 5P3/2 and Rydberg nDS/2 level of rubidium. These measurements provided benchmarking of existing theoretical models to calculate the reduced matrix elements and have helped us to identify the D'yachkov Pankratov method as a particularly reliable one. Therefore we made use of the existing code to calculate the relative radial matrix elements for bound-bound, bound-free and free-free transitions between arbitrary states of alkali atoms. Our results allowed us to identify many features of interest and several Cooper minima have been revealed for the first time. The preparation of a new apparatus required ultra-high vacuum for efficient laser cooling and trapping experiments. A unique 4-beam magneto-optical trap has been designed and implemented in our new system. The tetrahedral MOT operating at a very acute beams angle has been demonstrated for the first time. The characterisation of the basic properties of our MOT has highlighted. some interesting new cooling mechanisms that do not fully match existing theoretical models and will require further investigation. It has been demonstrated that our tetrahedral MOT is suitable to prepare cold, diluted reservoirs of atoms and therefore efficiently load our microscopic dipole trap.
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Arakel, Eric. "COPI-based quality control of native ATP-sensitive potassium channels." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/copibased-quality-control-of-native-atpsensitive-potassium-channels(ee92d5cf-54e2-4d0e-8c56-7475cb016b64).html.
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Quality control of heteromultimeric membrane proteins includes mechanisms to ensure that only properly assembled complexes reach the cell surface. ER retrieval signals that are recognised by the COPI vesicle coat play a central role in such trafficking checkpoints. In many cases R-based ER retrieval signals are presented on one or all subunits of the heteromultimeric complexes. ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels provide an example of a heteromultimeric cargo protein presenting eight R-based signals (one in each Kir6.X and SUR subunit of the 4+4 heterooctamer). KATP channels are metabolic sensors that couple cellular energy metabolism to electrical excitability by controlling the membrane potential at the plasma membrane. By this mechanism they are involved in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, regulation of skeletal muscle excitability, cardioprotective ischemic preconditioning, neurotransmitter release and smooth muscle relaxation. In this thesis, we have established Blue Native Poly-Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (BN PAGE) as a method to characterize KATP channel complexes from different rodent tissues. Knock-out mice lacking individual subunits were employed as controls to probe the composition of the observed macromolecular complexes. This approach was complemented by density gradient centrifugation, subcellular fractionation and glycosylation analysis. We demonstrate the existence of distinct macromolecular complexes containing the pore-forming subunit Kir6.2 in pancreatic islets, the brain and the heart. Furthermore, we confirm assembly-dependent forward transport of channel subunits for endogenously expressed KATP channels. We report that the steady-state levels of Kir6.2 are drastically reduced in the brains of SUR1 knock-out mice, whereas we identify both fully assembled KATP channels and putative biogenetic intermediates in the hearts of SUR1 knock-out mice. Our results also suggest that SUR1, in native neuronal and cardiac KATP channels, is differentially glycosylated. Finally we have analyzed COPI-based recognition of Arg-based signals and KATP channel assembly in a mouse model (nur17) with a point mutation in the gene encoding the delta (delta)-subunit of COPI, in close vicinity to the reported binding site of Arg-based signals. We demonstrate that both the recognition of Arg-based signals and the assembly of several multimeric cargo proteins, including the KATP channel, are unaffected in the nur17 mouse. When analyzing the subunit composition of the nur17 COPI coat by two-dimensional BN SDS PAGE we discovered the presence of distinct COPI complexes in the mutant. We have also provided evidence that the association of COPI with a specific membrane compartment is compromised in the nur17 mouse. In conclusion, we have extended the study of a model COPI cargo, the KATP channel complex, to the physiologically relevant context. Furthermore, we have also provided initial insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the physiological consequences of the nur17 delta-COP mutation.
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Seelen, Henricus Alexander Maria. "Reorganisation of postural control in spinal cord injured persons." Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1997. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5900.
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Gwynn, Roma L. "Development of cold active nematodes for insect pest control." Thesis, University of Reading, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358377.
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Muldoon, Cecilia. "Control and manipulation of cold atoms in optical tweezers." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:920933c8-441c-4d59-a4f4-87f8c799a820.
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The ability to address and manipulate individual information carriers in a deterministic, coherent, and scalable manner is a central theme in quantum information processing. Neutral atoms trapped by laser light are amongst the most promising candidates for storing and processing information in a quantum computer or simulator, so a scalable and flexible scheme for their control and manipulation is paramount. This thesis demonstrates a fast and versatile method to address and dynamically control the position (the motional degrees of freedom) of neutral atoms trapped in optical tweezers. The tweezers are generated by using the direct image of a Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) which can control and shape a large number of optical dipole-force traps. Trapped atoms adapt to any change in the potential landscape, such that one can re-arrange and randomly access individual sites within atom-trap arrays. A diffraction limited imaging system is used to map the intensity distribution of the SLM onto a cloud of cold atoms captured and cooled using a Magneto Optical Surface Trap (MOST).
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Schoene, Elizabeth A. 1979. "Cold atom control with an optical one-way barrier." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11067.
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xvi, 176 p. : ill. (some col.)The research presented in this dissertation aims to contribute to the field of atom optics via the implementation and demonstration of an all-optical one-way barrier for 87 Rb atoms--a novel tool for controlling atomic motion. This barrier--a type of atomic turnstile--transmits atoms traveling in one direction but hinders their passage in the other direction. We create the barrier with two laser beams, generating its unidirectional behavior by exploiting the two hyperfine ground states of 87 Rb. In particular, we judiciously choose the frequency of one beam to present a potential well to atoms in one ground state (the transmitting state) and a potential barrier to atoms in the other state (the reflecting state). The second beam optically pumps the atoms from the transmitting state to the reflecting state. A significant component of the experimental work presented here involves generating ultra-cold rubidium atoms for demonstrating the one-way barrier. To this end, we have designed and constructed a sophisticated 87 Rb cooling and trapping apparatus. This apparatus comprises an extensive ultra-high vacuum system, four home-built, frequency-stabilized diode laser systems, a high-power Yb:fiber laser, a multitude of supporting optics, and substantial timing and control electronics. This system allows us to cool and trap rubidium atoms at a temperature of about 30 μK. The results presented in this dissertation are summarized as follows. We successfully implemented a one-way barrier for neutral atoms and demonstrated its asymmetric nature. We used this new tool to compress the phase-space volume of an atomic sample and examined its significance as a physical realization of Maxwell's demon. We also demonstrated the robustness of the barrier's functionality to variations in several important experimental parameters. Lastly, we demonstrated the barrier's ability to cool an atomic sample, substantiating its potential application as a new cooling tool. This dissertation includes previously published coauthored material.
Committee in charge: Dr. Hailin Wang, Chair; Dr. Daniel A. Steck, Research Advisor; Dr. Jens U. Nockel; Dr. David M. Strom; Dr. Jeffrey A. Cina
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Arun, Venkat. "Copa : practical delay-based congestion control for the internet." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/121732.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2019Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 43-46).
This thesis introduces Copa, an end-to-end congestion control algorithm that uses three ideas. First, it shows that a target rate equal to 1/([delta]d[subscript q]), where d[subscript q] is the (measured) queueing delay, optimizes a natural function of throughput and delay under a Markovian packet arrival model. Second, it adjusts its congestion window in the direction of this target rate, converging quickly to the correct fair rates even in the face of significant flow churn. These two ideas enable a group of Copa flows to maintain high utilization with low queuing delay. However, when the bottleneck is shared with loss-based congestion-controlled flows that fill up buffers, Copa, like other delay-sensitive schemes, achieves low throughput. To combat this problem, Copa uses a third idea: detect the presence of buffer-fillers by observing the delay evolution, and respond with additive-increase/multiplicative decrease on the [delta] parameter. Experimental results show that Copa outperforms Cubic (similar throughput, much lower delay, fairer with diverse RTTs), BBR and PCC (significantly fairer, lower delay), and co-exists well with Cubic unlike BBR and PCC. Copa is also robust to non-congestive loss and large bottleneck buffers, and outperforms other schemes on long-RTT paths.
by Venkat Arun.
S.M.
S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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Woodruff, Jason L. "A comparative analysis of the trends in Congressional control of Defense spending." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion.exe/06Dec%5FWoodruff.pdf.
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Thesis (Master of Business Administration)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2006.Thesis Advisor(s): Philip Candreva, Larry R. Jones. "December 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-52). Also available in print.
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Galiotto, A., and Adriano Peruzzi. "Cold Milling - 39: innovative temperature/humidity control on milling operation." Verein für Gerberei-Chemie und -Technik e. V, 2019. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A34142.
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Air temperature and humidity are fundamental in the milling operation. There is a complicated correlation between air conditions and leather moisture that is practically impossible to predict in industrial process. Many important characteristics like softness, grain, pebble, yield depend on leather moisture. This patented system is the latest improvement in milling drums technology that keeps the leather cooler
and allows a precise and optimal humidity control.
Designed for soft, tight-grained leathers, especially from organic tannages and opened to a wide range of new operating conditions impossible with traditional machinery.
The original new design makes the milling drum completely independent from the outside environment with many advantages: consistency over seasons, shorter transition time, energy savings.
The original design is recognized by international patent, laboratory results on leather will be displayed during the presentation.
Take-Away:
The original new Cold Milling technology design makes the milling drum completely independent from the outside environment with many advantages: consistency over seasons, shorter transition time, energy
savings.
Nappa leather and all tight-grained leathers, especially organic tannaed, are beneficiary of this new technology.
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Leisenring, Kenneth C. "IC engine air/fuel ratio feedback control during cold-start." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1269527559.
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Hodgson, Christopher I. "The effects of acute cold exposure on human postural control." Thesis, University of Chichester, 2014. http://eprints.chi.ac.uk/1374/.
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This investigation explored the impact of acute cold exposure on postural control during static balance tasks. The aims were to establish the impact of short term cold exposure on human postural control, identify key processes that lead to performance changes, and to examine approaches to maintaining performance of postural control during acute cold exposure. In study 1 the reliability of Centre of Pressure (COP) measurements using the RS Scan International Footscan® Plate System during quiet standing was tested. Quiet standing balance tests were compared over 5 days using a repeated trials protocol and intraclass correlational analysis. It was concluded that 3 practice trials result in consistent performances in room temperature conditions (21°C). In study 2 the effects of 30 minutes of cold exposure at -20 °C were established. No change was found for core body temperature. Head and calf skin temperatures were reduced. Foot temperatures reduced from 26.1 °C to 10.1 °C. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) measures showed effect sizes indicative of a generalised stress response but no significant differences. Postural control measures showed increased COP paths (≅ 100%) and decreased sway rates (20 – 25%) for two footed balance tests compared to room temperature performances. Single footed balance tests showed no change in sway rate but a 40 – 50% increase in COP path. In study 3 an ice bath protocol was employed to replicate foot skin temperatures of 10 °C, as had occurred during whole body cooling. Postural control variables indicated reduced performance but these changes were less pronounced than during whole body cooling. COP paths increased by 22 – 29% but sway rates were not significantly different. It was concluded that part of the impairment in postural control during acute cold exposure is due to anesthetised mechanoreceptors in the feet. In study 4 active heated footbeds were employed as a protective measure during 15 minutes of cold exposure. Performance was compared during 3 conditions: room temperature, -20 °C, and -20 °C with footbeds. Foot temperatures dropped to 11.2 °C after 15 minutes during both cold conditions. HRV analysis showed decreases in RR and LF/HF ratio during both cold exposure conditions. Postural control variables responded in the same manner as study 2 with no difference between cold conditions. Heated footbeds did not provide thermoregulatory, comfort or postural control advantages in this study. In conclusion cold exposure results in reduced accuracy in postural control which may increase accident risk during cold climate activities. A reduction in somatosensory feedback is a key factor in reduced performance but changes during initial whole body exposure suggest that attention may also play a key role in the processing of postural responses in the cold.
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Rogers, Madolyn Bowman. "Control of CNS neuronal survival /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Cogill, Randy L. "Approximation algorithms in stochastic control /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Surdilovic, Tihomir. "Fuzzy Mouse Cursor Control System for Computer Users with Spinal Cord Injuries." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/cs_theses/49.
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People with severe motor-impairments due to Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) or Spinal Cord Dysfunction (SCD), often experience difficulty with accurate and efficient control of pointing devices (Keates et al., 02). Usually this leads to their limited integration to society as well as limited unassisted control over the environment. The questions “How can someone with severe motor-impairments perform mouse pointer control as accurately and efficiently as an able-bodied person?” and “How can these interactions be advanced through use of Computational Intelligence (CI)?” are the driving forces behind the research described in this paper. Through this research, a novel fuzzy mouse cursor control system (FMCCS) is developed. The goal of this system is to simplify and improve efficiency of cursor control and its interactions on the computer screen by applying fuzzy logic in its decision-making to make disabled Internet users use the networked computer conveniently and easily. The FMCCS core consists of several fuzzy control functions, which define different user interactions with the system. The development of novel cursor control system is based on utilization of motor functions that are still available to most complete paraplegics, having capability of limited vision and breathing control. One of the biggest obstacles of developing human computer interfaces for disabled people focusing primarily on eyesight and breath control is user’s limited strength, stamina, and reaction time. Within the FMCCS developed in this research, these limitations are minimized through the use of a novel pneumatic input device and intelligent control algorithms for soft data analysis, fuzzy logic and user feedback assistance during operation. The new system is developed using a reliable and cheap sensory system and available computing techniques. Initial experiments with healthy and SCI subjects have clearly demonstrated benefits and promising performance of the new system: the FMCCS is accessible for people with severe SCI; it is adaptable to user specific capabilities and wishes; it is easy to learn and operate; point-to-point movement is responsive, precise and fast. The integrated sophisticated interaction features, good movement control without strain and clinical risks, as well the fact that quadriplegics, whose breathing is assisted by a respirator machine, still possess enough control to use the new system with ease, provide a promising framework for future FMCCS applications. The most motivating leverage for further FMCCS development is however, the positive feedback from persons who tested the first system prototype.
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Schuyler, Susan Amanda. "Crowd control : reading Victorian popular drama /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Ishihara, Abraham K. "Feedback error learning in neuromotor control /." May be available electronically:, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Lang, Crichton Walker. "Controls of tachykinin release in the mammalian spinal cord." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29841.
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The purpose of this series of investigations was to elucidate the endogenous control mechanisms active at primary afferent terminals of nociceptive origin in the dorsal laminae of the spinal cord grey matter. Such studies may enable the researcher to make certain conclusions about endogenous mechanisms of pain control in vivo. Furthermore, these studies may help to identify novel areas for the development of analgesic drugs or protocols of therapeutic value in both human and veterinary pain management. Experiments were centred on one particular family of neuropeptides, the tachykinin peptides, and their release in response to peripheral noxious stimulation as determined by the antibody microprobe technique. A review of the anatomy and physiology of tachykinins in the spinal cord is presented at the start of this thesis. The antibody microprobe technique itself is also fully described. Various means of moduling tachykinin release pharmacologically were tested and are presented in this thesis. The results presented here relate to studies on 1) morphine, 2) noradrenaline and the imidazoline derivative drug, medetomidine, 3) neuropeptide Y. A short review on the pharmacological actions of each of these drugs is included. All the results presented are derived from experiments on barbiturate anaesthetised, spinalised cats.
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Shiga, John Patrick. "Copy, alter and control : the déjà entendus of disc jockey culture." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29521.
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Since the 1970s, the practice of deejaying has been integrated into music-making and musical performance in hip hop, dance music, and other cultures. Disc jockeys have also become recognized as producers and authors of sound recordings. I examine how changes in the technological, legal and commercial environment of disc jockeys in the 1990s are articulated in the styles and methods of deejaying. I argue that the conspicuous and covert styles of sampling articulate different forms of authorship, economic interests, and notions of originality. While the covert style has been crucial to the emergence of the DJ-as-author and deejaying as a legitimate art, the conspicuous style of copying on the edges of DJ culture troubles the tenuous links between the new DJ-stars and their works.
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Albrecht, Boris. "Quantum control of single spin excitations in cold atomic quantum memories." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/334169.
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Optical quantum memories are important devices in quantum information science. In particular, they are building blocks of quantum repeater architectures that have been proposed to increase the range of quantum communication beyond the limits set by losses in optical fibers. In this thesis, we report experiments with a quantum memory based on cold atoms. We focus on two important aspects relevant for using the memories as quantum repeater nodes: the connectivity to the optical fiber network, and the ability to operate in a time-multiplexed fashion.
The core of the work presented in this thesis was the implementation of a quantum memory based on spontaneous Raman scattering, following the protocol of Duan, Lukin, Cirac and Zoller (DLCZ). The memory is implemented with a cold ensemble of 87Rb atoms loaded in a magneto optical trap. Single collective atomic spin excitations (spin-waves) are created in a heralded manner, before being retrieved by conversion into strongly non-classically correlated single photons. Our system showed measured second-order cross-correlation function values up to 200, an inferred intrinsic retrieval efficiency inside the science chamber up to 44%, and a memory lifetime up to 55 µs.
Current realizations of DLCZ quantum memories present several limitations, reducing the maximum practical distance achievable for quantum repeaters based on these systems. We partially addressed two of them. The first one originates from high absorption in optical fibers at the operating wavelength of 780 nm. The second one is that current demonstrations only allow the creation of spin-waves in single temporal modes, limiting the entanglement generation rates in quantum repeaters protocols.
A good solution to alleviate the first limitation is to translate the wavelength of the single photons to the telecom C-band, where absorption is minimal, while preserving their quantum characteristics. For this, we demonstrated an ultra-low-noise solid state photonic quantum interface based on an integrated-waveguide in a non-linear PPLN crystal. We converted heralded single photons emitted by the DLCZ quantum memory at 780 nm to the telecommunication wavelength of 1552 nm. We achieved a maximum signal-to-noise ratio of 80 for a mean input photon number of 1, allowing us to show significant non-classical correlations between the heralding and converted photons via the violation of the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality.
To address the second limitation, we demonstrated the first experimental steps towards the realization of a temporally multiplexed DLCZ-type quantum repeater node. We showed active control of the spin-waves created in our quantum memory by means of an external magnetic field gradient inducing an inhomogeneous broadening of the atomic hyperfine levels. Acting on this gradient allows active dephasing and rephasing of individual spin-waves, enabling spin-wave creation in multiple temporal modes and read out a specific time-bin only. We showed that the active rephasing technique preserves the non-classical statistics of the heralded photons via the observation of anti-bunching. We then created spin-waves in two temporal modes and demonstrated selective read-out of only one of them with a selectivity up to 92%.
All these results pave the way towards the realization of future temporally multiplexed quantum repeater nodes based on the DLCZ protocol.Les memòries quàntiques òptiques son dispositius importants en el camp científic de la informació quàntica. En particular, són peces fonamentals de les estructures de repetidors quàntics, les quals han estat proposades per tal d’incrementar la distància en la comunicació quàntica més enllà dels límits imposats per les pèrdues en fibres òptiques. En aquesta tesi mostrem experiments duts a terme amb una memòria quàntica basada en àtoms freds. Ens hem centrat en dos aspectes importants que són rellevants a l’hora d’usar les memòries com a nodes de repetidors quàntics: la connectivitat cap a la xarxa de fibres òptiques i l’habilitat d’operar amb multiplexació temporal. La part central del treball presentat en aquesta tesi és la implementació d’una memòria quàntica basada en la dispersió Raman espontània, seguint el protocol de Duan, Lukin, Cirac i Zoller (DLCZ). La memòria és implementada en un conjunt d’àtoms de 87Rb en una trampa òptico-magnètica. Excitacions individuals col·lectives d’espins atòmics (ones d’espín) són creades de manera anunciada, abans de ser recuperades en una conversió cap a fotons individuals amb fortes correlacions no-clàssiques. En el nostre sistema vam mostrar mesures de la funció de correlació creuada de segon ordre amb valors de fins a 200, una eficiència de recuperació intrínseca dins la cambra experimental de fins a un 44% i un temps de vida de la memòria de 55 µs. Les realitzacions actuals de memòries quàntiques DLCZ presenten varies limitacions, les quals redueixen la distància màxima que els repetidors quàntics basats en aquests sistemes poden assolir. Nosaltres n’hem adreçat parcialment dues d’elles. La primera és originada per l’alta absorció en fibres òptiques de la longitud d’ona de 780 nm. La segona té a veure amb el fet que altres experiments actuals només permeten la creació d’ones d’espín en un únic mode temporal, limitant el ritme de la generació d’entrellaçament en protocols de repetidors quàntics. Una bona solució per mitigar la primera limitació és traslladar la longitud d’ona dels fotons individuals, cap a la banda C de telecomunicacions en la que l’absorció és mínima, preservant les seves característiques quàntiques. Per això, vam demostrar l’operació d’una interfície fotònica quàntica d’estat sòlid amb un soroll ultra-baix basada en una guia d’ones integrada en un cristall PPLN. Vam convertir fotons individuals anunciats emesos per la memòria quàntica DLCZ a 780 nm cap a la longitud d¿ona de telecomunicacions de 1552 nm. Vam aconseguir una relació senyal-soroll màxima de 80 per a un nombre mitjà incident de fotons de 1, permetent-nos mostrar correlacions no-clàssiques significatives entre el fotó anunciat i el convertit, mitjançant la violació de la desigualtat de Cauchy-Schwarz. Per tal d’adreçar la segona limitació, vam demostrar els primers passos experimentals cap a la realització d’un node de repetidor quàntic de tipus DLCZ amb multiplexació temporal. Vam mostrar el control actiu d’ones d’espín creades a la nostra memòria quàntica, utilitzant un gradient de camp magnètic extern que indueix un eixamplament inhomogeni dels nivells atòmics hiperfins. Actuar en aquest gradient permet el desfasament i refasament actiu d’ones d’espín individuals, permetent crear ones d’espín en múltiples modes temporals i llegir només un mode temporal específic. Vam mostrar que la tècnica de refasament actiu preserva les estadístiques no-clàssiques dels fotons anunciats a través de l’observació d’anti-agrupament. Seguidament vam crear ones d'espín en dos modes temporals i vam demostrar la lectura selectiva de només un mode amb una selectivitat de fins a un 92%. Tots aquest resultats obren la porta a la realització de futurs nodes de repetidors quàntics amb multiplexació temporal basats en el protocol DLCZ.
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Aslan, Sevda Coban. "Neural control of cardiovascular function following spinal cord injury in human." Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2006. http://lib.uky.edu/ETD/ukybien2006d00438/Dissertation.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kentucky, 2006.Title from document title page (viewed on July 18, 2006). Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 100 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-99).
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Panday, Rupendranath. "Modeling, identification and control of a cold flow circulating fluidized bed." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5833.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2008.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 99 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 94-99).
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Aslan, Sevda Coban. "NEURAL CONTROL OF CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION FOLLOWING SPINAL CORD INJURY IN HUMANS." UKnowledge, 2006. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/255.
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Maintenance of stable arterial blood pressure during orthostatic challenges is a major problem after spinal cord injury (SCI). Since early participation in rehabilitation is critically important in reducing long term morbidity, recovering the ability to regulate blood pressure during therapy is essential for individuals with SCI. The objective of our study was to investigate short term cardiovascular function of able-bodied (AB), paraplegic (PARA) and tetraplegic (TETRA) subjects in response to head up tilt (HUT) as an early indicator of autonomic damage that might forewarn of future orthostatic regulatory problems. We acquired cardiovascular variables from able-bodied (AB; n=11), paraplegic (PARA; n=5) and tetraplegic (TETRA; n=5) subjects in response to HUT. The SCI patients in both groups were in their first two months post injury. Data were recorded at rest and during 7 min each at 20??, 40??, 60?? and 80?? HUT. Techniques used to estimate regulatory capability and reflex activity included: Mean values and spectral power of heart rate (HR) and arterial blood pressure (BP), baroreflex sequence measurements and cross correlation between HR and systolic blood pressure (SBP). An index of baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), baroreflex effectiveness index (BEI), and the percentage occurrence of systolic blood pressure (BP) ramps and baroreflex sequences were calculated from baroreflex sequence measurements. The spectral power of HR and BP, the cross correlation of systolic BP and heart rate (HR) were examined in low frequency (LF: 0.04-0.15 Hz) and high frequency (HF: 0.15-0.4 Hz) ranges. The BRS index was significantly (p andlt; 0.05) decreased from supine to 80o HUT in AB and TETRA. This index in PARA was the lowest at each tilt position in the three groups, and decreased with tilt. The percentage of heart beats involved in systolic BP ramps and in baroreflex sequences significantly (pandlt;0.05) rose from supine to 80o HUT in AB, was relatively unchanged in PARA and declined in TETRA. Both of these indexes were significantly (pandlt;0.05) lowerin the SCI than in the AB group at each tilt level. The BEI values were greatest in AB, and declined with tilt in all groups. Spinal cord injured patients had less power of BP and HR fluctuations than AB in both LF and HF regions. The LF spectral power of BP and HR increased with tilt in AB, remained unchanged in PARA and decreased in TETRA. The HF spectral power of HR decreased in all three groups. The peak HR / BP cross correlation in the LF region was greatest in AB, and significantly (pandlt;0.05) increased during HUT in AB, remained fairly constant in PARA, and declined in TETRA. The peak cross correlation in the HF region significantly (pandlt;0.05) decreased with tilt in all groups, and the SCI group had lower values than AB at each tilt level. We conclude that both PARA and TETRA had a smaller percentage of SBP ramps, BRS, and lower BEI than AB, likely indicating decreased stimulation of arterial baroreceptors, and less engagement of feedback control. The mixed sympathetic, parasympathetic innervations of paraplegics, or their elevated HR, may contribute to their significantly lower BRS. Our data indicate that the pathways utilized to evoke baroreflex regulation of HR are compromised by SCI and this loss may be a major contributor to the decrease in orthostatic tolerance following injury.
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Hogancamp, II Charles Everett. "Loss of Sympathetic Control of Cardiovascular Function Following Spinal Cord Injury." UKnowledge, 2004. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/198.
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Cardiovascular control in the human is significantly impaired after spinal cord injury(SCI) having a direct effect on the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) causing an inability toregulate vasoconstriction below the level of the lesion. The effects of SCI on the two majorcomponents of blood pressure regulation, control of plasma volume and neural control of theheart and peripheral vasculature are poorly understood. In particular, no index to diagnosedisorders to autonomic control of the heart and vasculature has been developed. The presentstudy primarily utilized noninvasively acquired, easily accessible variables that may havepromise as indicators of autonomic activity for assessing the level of autonomic injury andrecovery of visceral control following SCI. The most significant results and the clearestdifferences between the three groups (able-bodied, paraplegic and tetraplegic) were evident inspectral analysis obtained in the frequency domain: Arterial blood pressure and lower body (at aregion on the shin) skin perfusion spectral power in the low frequency (LF) region are ofsignificance. These variables could be good discriminators of the three groups, as well as showlevel of SCI and autonomic function.
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Willet, Nicholas A. "The inner cold war: state party control and East German society." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/42753.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedThe twentieth century suffered from deep ideological conflict linked to the epoch of total war and the divided character of the international political economy, punctuated by a struggle between Eastern and Western ideas, communism versus liberal democracy. To the surprise of many, this struggle culminated with the complete collapse of communism in Eastern Europe in 1989, symbolized by the tearing down of the Berlin Wall between the German Democratic Republic (GDR or East Germany) and Federal Republic of Germany (FRG or West Germany). However, the end of the Cold War shed little light on how the so-called second world held itself together for nearly a half-century. This thesis examines the forces and logic that sustained East Germany as a sovereign state in the Soviet bloc from 1945–1949 to 1989. The research is framed partly as a historical narrative of the GDR and partly as a historical analysis of the state’s collapse. This thesis proves how the party, secret police, army, and church permitted East Germans to exercise citizenship within the constructed mass organizations of the GDR, and how the interplay between the party and social institutions in East Germany first sustained, then subverted the totalitarian order.
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Lee, Dongkun. "Effects of charge motion control during cold start of SI engines." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33915.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-88).
An experimental study was conducted to investigate the effects of various intake charge motion control approaches on the cold start-up process of a port fuel injected SI engine. Engine experiments were performed to assess the effectiveness of enhanced charge motion on mixture preparation, combustion, and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions. Different charge motions were produced by three different shapes of charge motion control valves (CMCV), which block off 75% of the engine's intake ports. Cold-fluid steady state experiments were carried out with the CMCV open and closed. Increased charge motion with the CMCV closed was found to shorten the combustion duration, which caused the 50% mass fraction burned to occur up to 5⁰ CA earlier for the same spark timing. By the use of the CMCV, significant improvements in combustion stability (up to 1.5% reduction in COV) and fuel efficiency (up to 8% reduction in ISFC) were achieved with increased levels of spark timing retard due to enhanced air-fuel mixing and relatively faster burning. Engine start-up experiments were conducted with three different geometric charge motion control valves.
(cont.) The CMCV improved mixture preparation due to increased swirl and tumble intensities, which enhanced fuel distribution and evaporation. Moderate spark retard (AOp = -5⁰) was found to reduce the engine-out HC emissions during the engine start-up process. Peak engine-out HC emissions with the CMCV closed occurred in the earlier stages of engine start-up process relative to the CMCV open case. Greater fuel vaporization and faster burning rate with the CMCV closed allowed reduced fuel injection and additional spark retard, resulting in significantly reduced HC emissions. The engine-out HC emissions were reduced by 18% during the 0-3 seconds and by 7% during the 3-20 seconds.
by Dongkun Lee.
S.M.
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Wilson, Benjamin Tyler. "Insiders and outsiders : nuclear arms control experts in Cold War America." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/93810.
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Thesis: Ph. D. in History, Anthropology, and Science, Technology and Society (HASTS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Science, Technology and Society, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 462-499).
This dissertation presents a history of the community of nuclear arms control experts in the United States during the middle and later years of the Cold War, the age of thermonuclear ballistic missiles. Arms control experts were, in many interesting ways, both insiders and outsiders to the American "nuclear state." The dissertation begins by exploring the formation of strategic arms control in the years leading up to 1960, showing how arms control emerged from the mixing of local communities of disarmament advocates and theorists of nuclear deterrence. Rather than inevitable doctrinal unity, early arms control was highly local and contingent. In particular, the crucial concept of "stability" was open to multiple interpretations. In the 1960s, arms control problems motivated groundbreaking scientific research. Elite contract consultants to the government contemplated the use of lasers as weapons against ballistic missiles. As consultants performed calculations and experiments in the context of classified discussions and studies, they founded a new field of physics called nonlinear optics. In the late 1960s, strategic arms control became a public issue during a complex political dispute over missile defense. Arms control experts mediated and fueled this controversy by participating in a surprising range of activity, rallying alongside local residents whose neighborhoods would be impacted by missile defense installations, and criticizing defense policy in Congressional testimony-even as they worked their connections to the White House. In the 1960s and 1970s arms controllers shaped a changing institutional landscape for the support of arms control expertise. They built arms control into a new government agency, and later drew on the resources of philanthropic foundations to create major university arms control centers. By the 1980s, arms control reached peak public visibility amid controversy over the Reagan administration's Strategic Defense Initiative. This dissertation uses the private papers and correspondence of numerous experts, a wide range of arms control publications, and government records to explore the diverse practices of arms control. It engages a wider discussion among historians about the status of Cold War elites, the relationship between experts and the American state, and the character of scientific knowledge during the Cold War.
by Benjamin Tyler Wilson.
Ph. D. in History, Anthropology, and Science, Technology and Society (HASTS)
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Ahn, Jung-Ho. "Memory and control organizations of stream processors /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Weinstein, Rachel Lara. "Simulation and control of articulated rigid bodies /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Goda, Sunil. "Coherent control with a multi-octave source /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Taylor, Clinton Watson. "International narcotics control : norms, systems and regimes /." May be available electronically:, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Roy, Kaushik. "A hierarchical framework for air traffic control /." May be available electronically:, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Ma, Qi. "Model based control and efficient calibration for crank-to-run transition in SI engines." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1125429289.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 160 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 156-160). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Pavlova, Elena. "Vestibular control of body orientation in lamprey /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-861-0/.
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