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Pereira, Ricardo Henrique Gentil. "Análise da distribuição, densidade e diversidade de Copepoda Calanoida e Cyclopoida nos reservatórios e tributários do Médio e Baixo Rio Tietê e sua relação com as características limnológicas do sistema." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-21112016-163429/.
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Este projeto de pesquisa foi desenvolvido nos reservatórios e tributários do Médio e Baixo rio Tietê, São Paulo, com o objetivo de avaliar a composição, distribuição e densidade das espécies de Copepoda Calanoida e Cyclopoida e sua relação com a disposição dos reservatórios construídos em série (cascata), os quais apresentam diferenças na morfometria, período e área de inundação, grau de trofia (relacionando aos usos e ocupação da bacia hidrográfica), vazão e tempo de residência da água. Para tanto, foram realizadas coletas nos reservatórios e tributários nos meses de fevereiro, maio, julho e outubro/2000, quantificando as principais variáveis físicas, químicas e biológicas, além da análise qualitativa e quantitativa do zooplâncton, com ênfase em Copepoda Calanoida e Cyclopoida. Os resultados demonstram que apesar de ser verificada a melhoria da qualidade da água nos reservatórios a jusante, ainda ocorrem contribuições pontuais via tributários e difusas pelas atividades desenvolvidas na bacia hidrográfica, aumentando a concentração das formas nitrogenadas e fosfatadas, influenciando diretamente nas condições tróficas dos reservatórios e, conseqüentemente, na composição, densidade e distribuição das populações planctônicas. Os reservatórios classificam-se como eutróficos ou mesotróficos (dependendo da sua localização no rio Tietê e da sazonalidade) e os rios como eutróficos, principalmente em decorrência das elevadas concentrações de fósforo e clorofila.Em relação à comunidade zooplanctônica, os Copepoda e Rotifera foram mais abundantes, com uma variação espacial e sazonal relacionada às condições tróficas e temperatura, bem como aos mecanismos diferenciados do controle operacional das barragens (vazão e tempo de residência da água). As espécies de Copepoda encontradas no sistema foram Notodiaptomus iheringi, Notodiaptomus evaldus, Notodiaptomus deitersi, Argyrodiaptomus azevedoi Thermocyclops decipiens, ) Thermocyclops minutus, Thermocyclops inversus, Mesocyclops longisetus, Mesocyclops brasilianus, Mesocyclops meridianus, Mesocyclops ogunus, Acanthocyclops ogunus e Paracyclops chiltoni, sendo N. iheringi, N. evaldus, T. decipiens e T. minutus as espécies dominantes, com diferenças na distribuição e abundância em função dos locais de amostragem (tributários ou reservatórios) e período de coleta (sazonalidade).This research project was developed in Tietê River reservoirs and tributaries, São Paulo, Brazil, aiming to evaluate the composition, distribution and density of Copepoda Calanoida and Cyclopoida species and its relationship with reservoirs disposition in Tietê River, built in series (cascade), which present differences in morphometry, flood period and area, trophic level (related to the hydrographic basin uses and occupation), discharge and water residence time. For that, collections were accomplished in reservoirs and tributaries on February, May, July and October/2000, quantifying the main physical, chemical and biological variables, besides qualitative and quantitative zooplankton analysis, with emphasis in Copepoda Calanoida and Cyclopoida. Results demonstrate that, in spite of the improvement of water quality verified downstream reservoirs, it still happen punctual tributary contributions, diffused due to activities developed in the hydrographic basin, increasing nitrogenous and phosphate forms concentration, influencing directly the reservoir trophic conditions and, consequently, composition of species, density and distribution. Reservoirs are classified as eutrophic or mesotrophic (depending on its location in Tietê River and sazonality) and the rivers as eutrophic, due mainly to the high phosphorus and chlorophyll concentrations. In relation to the zooplankton community, Copepoda and Rotifera were the most abundant, with spacial and seasonal variationrelated to trophic conditions and temperature, as well as to the barrier differentiated operational control mechanisms (discharge and water residence time). The Copepoda species found in the system were Notodiaptomus iheringi, Notodiaptomus evaldus, Notodiaptomus deitersi, Argyrodiaptomus azevedoi, Thermocyclops decipiens, Thermocyclops minutus, Thermocyclops inversus, Mesocyclops longisetus, Mesocyclops brasilianus, Mesocyclops meridianus, Mesocyclops ogunus, Acanthocyclops ogunus and Paracyclops chiltoni; being N. iheringi, N. evaldus, T. decipiens and T. minutus the dominant species, with differences in the distribution and abundance in function of the sampling places (tributaries or reservoirs) and collection period (sazonality).
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Bostock, Jessica L. "A Comparison of Copepoda (Order: Calanoida, Cyclopoida, Poecilostomatoida) Density in the Florida Current Off Fort Lauderdale, Florida." NSUWorks, 2010. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/92.
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Copepods, minute crustaceans, are vital constituents of marine food web dynamics in tropical ecosystems. Ecologically, copepods provide the link between primary production and tertiary consumers. Changes in population structure and densities may impact ecosystem stability and production on small to large spatial scales. The present study examined the influence of the Florida Current on copepod population densities off the coast of Fort Lauderdale, Florida due to limited data in the area. Samples were collected during February and July 2007 at two locations, Stations A and B. Station A, dependent on current dynamics, fluctuated between the most western boundary and the inshore waters adjacent to the coast. Station B was typically located within the Florida Current showing great influence from the current’s physical factors. The current, acted as a physical barrier, entrapping species at near shore stations, increasing population densities by increased nutrient loads through upwelling and land runoff. The movement of the current inshore showed a greater resurgence of oceanic species at each station. However, the western edge of the current, acting as a barrier, yielded the lowest population densities overall and among all copepod orders. The decrease can influence food web dynamics and the prey availability to higher tertiary consumers. Population dynamics were ascertained by relative copepod densities identified to the lowest possible taxa and enumerated. Calanoid copepods were dominant in zooplankton samples, showing high instances of Calanus and Undinula, followed by Poecilostomatoida, highly represented by Corycaeus and Oncaea, and Cyclopoida. Poecilostomatoid densities were numerically important, where in some samples Corycaeus contributed to 42 % of overall copepod densities. Previous studies have led to their underestimation, due to gear selectivity and extrusion directly related to their prosome length. Diversity levels revealed an overall diverse habitat, typical of tropical environments. However, there was greater diversity in coastal waters as compared to the Florida Current which was only found oceanic species present.
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Lischka, Silke. "Life-history traits of the copepods Pseudocalanus minutus (Calanoida) and Oithona similis (Cyclopoida) in the Arctic Kongsfjorden (Svalbard) with particular emphasis on seasonality." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=982839189.
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Neves, Gilmar Perbiche [UNESP]. "Copépodes planctônicos (Crustacea, Calanoida e Cyclopoida) em reservatórios e trechos lóticos da bacia do Rio da Prata (Brasil, Paraguai, Argentina e Uruguai): taxonomia, distribuição geográfica e alguns atributos ecológicos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106471.
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neves_gp_dr_botib.pdf: 4613254 bytes, checksum: c98056f453471613dcd37c08240edc51 (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Foram estudados copépodes planctônicos das ordens Cyclopoida e Calanoida na bacia do rio da Prata, a segunda maior da América do Sul. Amostraram-se no verão e no inverno, 43 locais, incluindo trechos lóticos e reservatórios, esses últimos amostrados nas zonas de montante e próximo as barragens. As coletas foram feitas através de arrastos verticais na coluna de água com rede cônica de plâncton de malha de 68μm. Na análise dos organismos, foram elaborados inicialmente cinco capítulos, porém um deles já foi submetido e está apresentado em forma de anexo. Nos quatro capítulos gerados e incluídos no formato final da tese, constam: 1. Guia de identificação de copépodes planctônicos das ordens Cyclopoida e Calanoida; 2. Redescrição de uma espécie rara de Diaptomidae – Odontodiaptomus thomseni; 3. Atributos ecológicos básicos de copépodes planctônicos Cyclopoida e Calanoida na bacia do rio da Prata; e 4. Limites de distribuição geográfica de Diaptomidae na bacia do Prata, com síntese de processos históricos e atuais. No guia de identificação são apresentadas chaves de identificação, diagnoses taxonômicas, comentários gerais, ilustrações, imagens de microscopia eletrônica de varredura para 37 espécies, sendo consideradas as fêmeas de Cyclopoida e os machos de Calanoida. Nesse capítulo 1, espécies com status taxonômico incerto não foram incluídas. Para os atributos ecológicos no capítulo 3, o número de espécies utilizado nos cálculos de riqueza e diversidade foi maior, e os resultados apontaram maiores riquezas nos trechos médio e baixo do rio Paraná, no verão e inverno, respectivamente. Por fim, no capítulo 4, as tendências de evolução dos Diaptominae são apresentadas, para os quais são verificados padrões de endemismo para elevado número de espécie, sugerindo processos evolutivos...
The planktonic copepods of Cyclopoida and Calanoida orders of the ―La Plata‖ River Basin, the second largest in South America, were studied. Samples were obtained during summer and winter at 43 stations distributed in river stretches and reservoirs (considering upstream and dam zones). Samplings were performed through vertical hauls of plankton net of 68μm of mesh size in the water column. The results of the study are presented in 4 chapters, besides an annex (submitted as a paper): 1. Guide of identification of planktonic copepods of Cyclopoida and Calanoida orders; 2. Redescription of one rare species of Diaptomidae – Odontodiaptomus thomseni; 3. Basic ecological attributes of planktonic cyclopoid and calanoid copepods of ―La Plata‖ River Basin; and 4. Boundaries of geographic distribution of Diaptomidae in ―La Plata‖ Basin, with synthesis of historic and current processes. In the guide of identification are presented keys of identification, taxonomic diagnosis, general commentaries, illustrations, scan electron microscopy images of 37 species, for cyclopoids females and calanoids males. In chapter one, species with incertae status were not included. For ecological attributes in chapter three, the number of species included in richness and diversity calculations was higher, and the results points to major richness in the middle and low stretches of Parana River, in summer and winter, respectively. Finally, in chapter four, the evolution tendencies of Diaptominae are discussed, which point to high endemism patterns for many species, suggesting an ancient evolution processes after Cretaceous separation of the continents, when the Brazilian shield was used as refuge along the time until the current fauna status
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Neves, Gilmar Perbiche. "Copépodes planctônicos (Crustacea, Calanoida e Cyclopoida) em reservatórios e trechos lóticos da bacia do Rio da Prata (Brasil, Paraguai, Argentina e Uruguai): taxonomia, distribuição geográfica e alguns atributos ecológicos /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106471.
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Orientador: Marcos Gomes NogueiraCoorientador: Carlos Eduardo Falavigna da Rocha
Coorientador: Geoff Boxshall
Banca: Janet W. Reid
Banca: Edinaldo Nelson dos Santos Silva
Banca: Fábio A. Lansac Tôha
Banca: Odete Rocha
Resumo: Foram estudados copépodes planctônicos das ordens Cyclopoida e Calanoida na bacia do rio da Prata, a segunda maior da América do Sul. Amostraram-se no verão e no inverno, 43 locais, incluindo trechos lóticos e reservatórios, esses últimos amostrados nas zonas de montante e próximo as barragens. As coletas foram feitas através de arrastos verticais na coluna de água com rede cônica de plâncton de malha de 68μm. Na análise dos organismos, foram elaborados inicialmente cinco capítulos, porém um deles já foi submetido e está apresentado em forma de anexo. Nos quatro capítulos gerados e incluídos no formato final da tese, constam: 1. Guia de identificação de copépodes planctônicos das ordens Cyclopoida e Calanoida; 2. Redescrição de uma espécie rara de Diaptomidae - Odontodiaptomus thomseni; 3. Atributos ecológicos básicos de copépodes planctônicos Cyclopoida e Calanoida na bacia do rio da Prata; e 4. Limites de distribuição geográfica de Diaptomidae na bacia do Prata, com síntese de processos históricos e atuais. No guia de identificação são apresentadas chaves de identificação, diagnoses taxonômicas, comentários gerais, ilustrações, imagens de microscopia eletrônica de varredura para 37 espécies, sendo consideradas as fêmeas de Cyclopoida e os machos de Calanoida. Nesse capítulo 1, espécies com status taxonômico incerto não foram incluídas. Para os atributos ecológicos no capítulo 3, o número de espécies utilizado nos cálculos de riqueza e diversidade foi maior, e os resultados apontaram maiores riquezas nos trechos médio e baixo do rio Paraná, no verão e inverno, respectivamente. Por fim, no capítulo 4, as tendências de evolução dos Diaptominae são apresentadas, para os quais são verificados padrões de endemismo para elevado número de espécie, sugerindo processos evolutivos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The planktonic copepods of Cyclopoida and Calanoida orders of the ―La Plata‖ River Basin, the second largest in South America, were studied. Samples were obtained during summer and winter at 43 stations distributed in river stretches and reservoirs (considering upstream and dam zones). Samplings were performed through vertical hauls of plankton net of 68μm of mesh size in the water column. The results of the study are presented in 4 chapters, besides an annex (submitted as a paper): 1. Guide of identification of planktonic copepods of Cyclopoida and Calanoida orders; 2. Redescription of one rare species of Diaptomidae - Odontodiaptomus thomseni; 3. Basic ecological attributes of planktonic cyclopoid and calanoid copepods of ―La Plata‖ River Basin; and 4. Boundaries of geographic distribution of Diaptomidae in ―La Plata‖ Basin, with synthesis of historic and current processes. In the guide of identification are presented keys of identification, taxonomic diagnosis, general commentaries, illustrations, scan electron microscopy images of 37 species, for cyclopoids females and calanoids males. In chapter one, species with incertae status were not included. For ecological attributes in chapter three, the number of species included in richness and diversity calculations was higher, and the results points to major richness in the middle and low stretches of Parana River, in summer and winter, respectively. Finally, in chapter four, the evolution tendencies of Diaptominae are discussed, which point to high endemism patterns for many species, suggesting an ancient evolution processes after Cretaceous separation of the continents, when the Brazilian shield was used as refuge along the time until the current fauna status
Doutor
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Metz, Cornelia. "Lebensstrategien dominanter antarktischer Oithonidae (Cyclopoida, Copepoda) und Oncaeidae (Poecilostomatoida, Copepoda) im Bellingshausenmeer = Life strategies of dominant Antarctic Oithonidae (Cyclopoida, Copepoda) and Oncaeidae (Poecilostomatoida, Copepoda) in the Bellingshausen Sea /." Bremerhaven : Alfred-Wegener-Inst. für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 1996. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/216711207.pdf.
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Lindeque, Penelope Kate. "A molecular approach to Calanus (Copepoda: Calanoida) development and systematics." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2641.
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Production and recruitment measurements in marine copepods of the genus Calanus have been addressed via the study of genes involved in early embryogenesis. The first sequence from a Calanus helgolandicus (C. helgolandicus) developmental gene (Cal-Antp) has been cloned by screening a C. helgolandicus genomic library with a homologous Calanus homeobox probe. Sequencing of an isolated and sub-cloned fragment of this gene, plus further analysis by Inverse Polymerase Chain Reaction (IVPCR), has shown it to be homologous with other Antennapedia homeobox genes. The temporal expression of Cal-Antp was analysed through its messenger RNA (mRNA) complement by Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). The gene was expressed in tissue taken from eggs over 18 hours old, and in nauplii and copepodite stages, but no expression was detected in eggs less than 18 hours old or adult tissue. Three further homeobox-containing genes have been identified and analysed through their expression in C. helgolandicus eggs. Two of these are caudal homologues, and the third is homologous to the Antennapedia class of genes. The C. helgolandicus developmental gene sequence data provides a means of developing probes to monitor the temporal expression of such genes and their responses to environmental influence. The applicability of such probes to the investigation of key production and recruitment processes, including egg viability measurement, is discussed. A relatively simple and cost effective method has been developed to identify the four Calanus species common to the North Atlantic. This system involves the PCR amplification of a region of the mitochondrial rRNA gene without prior purification of the DNA, followed by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the amplified product. The versatility of the method is demonstrated by the unambiguous identification to species of any life stage, from egg to adult, and of any individual body parts. The molecular identification technique has for the first time shown the unexpected presence of three different Calanus species in Lurefjorden, Norway and has proved to be consistently accurate for all individuals tested including geographically distinct conspecific populations.
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Brown, Michael David. "Evaluation of Mesocyclops (Copepoda: Cyclopoida) for the biological control of mosquitoes in north Queensland /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 1989. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16687.pdf.
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Gazonato, Neto Antonio José. "Estudo limnológico dos reservatórios Jaguari e Jacareí com ênfase na comunidade zooplanctônica." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/2095.
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The zooplankton community plays an important role in the dynamics of aquatic ecosystems, especially in the energy flow and nutrient cycling. The density, the biomass, the taxonomic composition and the body size of these group are variables that can characterize in limnological terms a water body and can indicate the deterioration degree of the environment, as well the eutrophication levels of the system. The Jaguari and Jacareí reservoirs are located on the Cantareira system, one of the largest water producers systems in the world; nevertheless in recent decades the quality of the water has been altered due to human pressure, the reason why we sought to evaluate it according to the zooplankton structural variations. A sampling of this community, as well the gathering of physical and chemical water data, were performed on eight points, with taxonomic identification, the numerical count of the groups, the biomass and body size determination and the calculation of two biological indicator indices. The results obtained and analyzed in this study enable to characterize the Jaguari and Jacareí reservoirs as heterogeneous environments, the Jaguari predominantly eutrophic and the Jacareí oligotrophic. There was a relationship between the trophic states and the structure of the community for both samplings, as well as between Calanoida/Cyclopoida ratio and k-dominance curves with the levels of disturbance observed in the reservoirs by the constant supply of nutrients of Jaguari river. The biomass values and the body size structure of all species of the groups Cladocera and Copepoda were strongly associated with the trophy degree of both reservoirs. In reservoir Jaguari, the increasing of TSI was indicated by the increased nutrient concentrations and higher values of dominance and lower values of evenness and Shannon-Wiener index; for the Jacarei reservoir the lower trophic status and changes in the structure community, as evidenced by indicators indices and other variables, were less pronounced. Zooplankton community properties as indicators of reservoir trophic state are indeed adequate tools.
A comunidade zooplanctônica desempenha um papel importante na dinâmica dos ecossistemas aquáticos, especialmente no fluxo de energia e ciclagem de nutrientes. A densidade, a biomassa, a composição taxonômica e o tamanho corpóreo deste grupo são variáveis que podem caracterizar limnologicamente um corpo de água e podem indicar o grau de deterioração do ambiente, bem como os níveis de eutrofização do sistema. Os reservatórios Jaguari e Jacareí são localizados no sistema Cantareira, um dos maiores sistemas produtores de água do mundo; no entanto, nas últimas décadas a qualidade da água foi alterada devido à grande pressão antrópica, motivo pelo qual buscamos avaliá-la de acordo com variações estruturais do zooplâncton. A amostragem desta comunidade, assim como a coleta dos dados físicos e químicos da água, foram realizadas em oito pontos, com a identificação taxonômica, a contagem numérica dos grupos, a determinação da biomassa e do tamanho corpóreo das espécies e o cálculo de dois índices biológicos indicadores. Os resultados obtidos e analisados no presente trabalho permitem caracterizar os reservatórios Jaguari e Jacareí como ambientes heterogêneos, sendo o Jaguari predominantemente eutrófico e o Jacareí oligotrófico. Observou-se relação entre os estados tróficos e a estrutura da comunidade para ambas as coletas, bem como entre a razão Calanoida/Cyclopoida e as curvas de k-dominância com os níveis de perturbação observados nos reservatórios pelo aporte constante de nutrientes do Rio Jaguari. Os valores de biomassa e a estrutura em tamanho corpóreo de todas as espécies dos grupos Cladocera e Copepoda estiveram fortemente relacionados com o grau de trofia de ambos os reservatórios. No reservatório do Jaguari, o aumento do IET foi indicado pelo aumento da concentração de nutrientes e por maiores valores de dominância e menores valores de equitatividade e do Índice de Shannon- Wiener; para o reservatório Jacareí o estado trófico foi menor e as alterações na estrutura da comunidade, como evidenciado pelos índices indicadores e demais variáveis, foram menos pronunciadas. As propriedades da comunidade zooplanctônica como indicadores do estado trófico dos reservatórios se mostraram ferramentas adequadas.
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Okumura, Denise Tieme. "Estudos ecotoxicológicos com as espécies Argyrodiaptomus furcatus e Notodiaptomus iheringi (Copepoda, Calanoida)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-15032011-140613/.
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Os Copepoda constituem a maior classe de pequenos crustáceos, com mais de 8.500 espécies descritas. Dentre as cinco ordens de Copepoda de vida livre, as espécies pertencentes à ordem Calanoida apresentam um forte endemismo, com uma restrita distribuição geográfica. Além disso, os Copepoda Calanoida são particularmente sensíveis a contaminantes contidos na coluna de água devido ao seu hábito planctônico. No presente trabalho foram realizados estudos ecotoxicológicos com duas espécies de Copepoda Calanoida, particularmente com as espécies Argyrodiaptomus furcatus Sars, 1901 e Notodiaptomus iheringi Wright, 1935. Estas espécies foram comparadas com relação à sensibilidade e desempenho como organismos-teste na avaliação da qualidade da água em ecossistemas de água doce. Foram testadas e adaptadas metodologias de cultivo em laboratório, e foram estudados os principais aspectos da biologia destes em condições ambientais controladas. Além disso, foram analisados aspectos referentes à dinâmica populacional. A sensibilidade das duas espécies de Calanoida às substâncias de referência sódio, potássio e zinco na forma de cloreto (\'NA\'CL\', \'K\'CL\' e \'ZN\'CL IND.2\', respectivamente), ao dicromato de potássio (\'K IND.2\'CR IND.2\'O IND.7\') e ao sulfato de alumínio (\'AL IND.2\'(\'SO IND.4\')IND.3\'), aos surfactantes dodecilsulfato de sódio (\'C IND.12\'H IND.25\'NA\'O IND.4\'S\') e ácido dodecil benzenosulfonato de sódio (\'CH IND.3\'(\'CH IND.2\')IND.11\'C IND.6\'H IND.4\'S\'O IND.3\'NA\'), foram avaliadas. Além disso, avaliou-se a toxicidade aguda de diferentes amostras ambientais e das toxinas da cianobactéria Microcystis aeruginosa após tratamento por irradiação. Os resultados dos testes ecotoxicológicos foram expressos em concentração efetiva (CE(I)50). Para o cálculo estatístico da CE50 foi utilizado o programa Trimmed Spearman-Karber. Os resultados relativos ao ciclo de vida mostraram que N. iheringi tem um menor tempo de desenvolvimento do que A. furcatus, com tempos de duração do desenvolvimento do ovo determinados pelos métodos indireto e direto. Verificou-se que a espécie de N. iheringi, de menor tamanho, apresentou tempo de desenvolvimento pós-embrionário menor do que a espécie de maior tamanho, A. furcatus. As taxas intrínsecas de crescimento populacional foram mais elevadas para a espécie A. furcatus do que para N. iheringi. Pelos resultados obtidos observou-se que N. iheringi além de atingir tamanhos menores, possui um desenvolvimento mais rápido e ciclo de vida mais curto. Em relação à sensibilidade destes Copepoda Calanoida às substâncias tóxicas observou-se que em relação aos sais, estas duas espécies foram mais sensíveis ao cloreto de potássio (\'K\'CL\'). Em relação aos metais, o grau de toxicidade aos Copepoda decresceu na sequência zinco > cromo > alumínio. Já com em relação aos surfactantes, a espécie N. iheringi foi mais sensível do que A. furcatus, e a toxicidade diminui à medida que o estágio de desenvolvimento dos indivíduos se torna mais avançado. Os náuplios são mais sensíveis à maioria das substâncias de referência testadas (sais, surfactantes, cromo e zinco) do que os estágios de desenvolvimento mais avançados. A espécie N. iheringi é mais sensível aos diversos agentes tóxicos do que a espécie A. furcatus, no entanto, N. iheringi foi mais resistente às cianotoxinas do que A. furcatus. Os resultados apresentados corroboram a idéia de que os calanoides A. furcatus e N. iheringi apresentam elevada sensibilidade a uma variedade de substâncias tóxicas de referência, o que torna viável sua utilização como organismos-teste em ensaios ecotoxicológicos. Estes estudos podem proporcionar maior entendimento sobre a estrutura das comunidades aquáticas e das alterações na dinâmica das populações, no sentido de se poder verificar como as espécies respondem às alterações na qualidade da água e o porquê das modificações na estrutura das comunidades, permitindo, dessa forma, ações de manejo e de conservação visando a preservação da biodiversidade das águas doces.Copepods constitute the largest class of small crustaceans, with more than 8,500 described species. Among the five orders of free-living copepods, the species belonging to the order Calanoida show strong endemism, with a restricted geographic distribution. Additionally, they are particularly sensitive to contaminants in the water column due to their planktonic habit. In the present study ecotoxicological studies with two species of Calanoida copepods were performed, particularly with the species Argyrodiaptomus furcatus Sars, 1901 and Notodiaptomus iheringi Wright, 1935. These species were compared for sensitivity and performance as test organisms in assessing water quality in freshwater ecosystems. Methods of cultivation in the laboratory were tested and adapted, and the main aspects of these species biology were studied under controlled temperature and photoperiod. In addition, aspects related to population dynamics were also analyzed. The sensitivity of the calanoids to a number of reference substances as: sodium, potassium and zinc in the form of chlorides (\'NA\'CL\', \'K\'CL\' and \'ZN\'CL IND.2\', respectively), potassium dichromate (\'K IND.2\'CR IND.2\'O IND.7\') and aluminum sulfate (\'AL IND.2\'(\'SO IND.4\')IND.3\'), and to the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (\'C IND.12\'H IND.25\'NA\'O IND.4\'S\') and sodium dodecyl benzenesulphonate (\'CH IND.3\'(\'CH IND.2\')IND.11\'C IND.6\'H IND.4\'SO IND.3\'NA\') were evaluated. Also the toxicity of environmental samples and of the cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa toxin after irradiation treatment was tested. The results of ecotoxicity tests were expressed as effective concentrations (EC(I)50). The statistical calculation of the EC50 was carried out by the Trimmed Spearman-Karber program. The results regarding the copepods life cycle showed that N. iheringi has a shorter development time and duration of egg development, by both indirect and direct methods, than A. furcatus. It was found that small sized N. iheringi, had a post-embryonic development faster than the larger species, A. furcatus. The intrinsic rates of population increase were higher for the species A. furcatus than for N. iheringi. The results indicated that N. iheringi besides reaching smaller sizes, has a faster development and shorter life cycle. Regarding the sensitivity of these two species to toxic substances it was observed that in relation to the salts the calanoids were more sensitive to the potassium chloride (\'K\'CL\'). Compared to metals, toxicity to copepods followed the sequence zinc> chromium> aluminum. However, regarding surfactants the species N. iheringi was more sensitive than A. furcatus, and toxicity decreased with the advance in developmental stages. The nauplii were more sensitive to most of the reference substances tested (salts, surfactants, chromium and zinc) than the more advanced developmental stages. The species N. iheringi was more sensitive to various toxic agents than A. furcatus, but N. iheringi was more resistant to the cyanotoxins than A. furcatus. The results support the hypothesis that the calanoid copepods A. furcatus and N. iheringi have high sensitivity to a variety of toxic reference substances, what makes them feasible to be used as test organisms in ecotoxicological tests. The study performed may provide further understanding about the structure of aquatic communities and changes in population dynamics, contributing for the understanding of how species respond to changes in water quality by changes in community structure, subsidizing management actions aiming the conservation of freshwater biodiversity.
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Kiley, Ann L. "Chromosome number and phylogenetic relationships in selected species of North American diaptomus (Copepoda, Calanoida)." Virtual Press, 1985. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/415661.
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The chromosome numbers of the eight following species of freshwater diaptomid copepods were examined to elucidate relationships between species: Aglaodiaptomus clavipes, A. leptoups, Leptodiaptomus ashlandi, A. minutus, A. sicilis, A. siciloides, Skistodiaptomus oregonensis, and S. pallidus. The specimens evaluates were collected from various lakes in Wisconsin including Lake Michigan. Squash mounts were prepared from female individuals for microscopic evaluation. Comparisons of chromosome numbers and chromosome morphology indicated that the species considered are not as closely related as might be suspected based on external morphological considerations. The chromosome numbers varied greatly between species and no consistant numbers within subgenera were observed, substantiating the idea that the species are clearly well separated phylogenetically. A technique for preparing chromosome squash mounts from formalin preserved specimens in presented.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306
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Duarte, Matheus Almeida. "Ciclo de vida e dinâmica populacional de espécies nativas de Copepoda Cyclopoida em cultivos de laboratório." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/9094.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
The present knowledge on the distribution and diversity of small cyclopoid copepods is rather incomplete, especially in tropical regions. Also scarce is information regarding the individual development and population growth for most species already described. Taking into account the environmental changes caused by anthropogenic activities in natural environments, and in particular the accelerated degradation of aquatic ecosystems besides climatic global changes, one of the main concerns is the possibility that many species can be extinct even before being known by mankind. Considering this scenario and because some species at risk are endemic to the Neotropical region, the present study aimed to gather information regarding the life cycle and population dynamics of three small freshwater cyclopoids: Ectocyclops herbsti, Eucyclops ensifer and Microcyclops anceps whose life cycles were not studied before. Sampling of specimens were respectively carried out at three different localities: Mayaca Lake (São Carlos, SP), Corrego da Igualdade (São Manoel, SP) and a pond in Miranda River floodplain, Pantanal matogrossense (Corumba, MS). Ovigerous females of each species were sorted out and maintained in the laboratory at constant and controlled conditions: 25 °C temperature, 12/12 h photoperiod in a growth chamber until the egg eclosion. Newly born nauplii were used for life cycle experiments under the same controlled conditions just described and daily fed with algal suspension of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata at approximately 105 cells mL-1, in order to assess the main parameters of the three copepods life cycle and population dynamics. Mean embryonic development duration for Ectocyclops herbsti was 1.81 ± 0.53 days and 18 ± 0.7 days for the post embryonic development. Mean longevity of E. herbsti under the culture conditions was 50.43 ± 20.73 days. Eucylops ensifer had mean duration of embryonic development of 1.03±0.24 days, post-embryonic duration of 13.5±2.5 days and mean longevity of 48.5 ± 26.5 days. For Microcyclops anceps the mean embryonic and post-embryonic development times were 1.07 ± 0.12 and12 ± 2.5 days, respectively. The mean longevity of M. anceps was 30 ± 15 days. The survival curves of species laboratory first generations followed the concave type with great mortality in the beginning of life, relatively stable mortality rates after surpassing the critical transition of last nauplii instar into first copepodid stage, but with higher mortality rates close to the end of life. Comparisons of life cycle parameters from these species and also among these and other copepods show that the species studied have short generation times and high individual growth rates, thus suggesting they could play relevant roles in the community and in the functioning of the ecosystem they inhabit.
O conhecimento sobre as áreas de distribuição e a diversidade de espécies dos copépodos ciyclopoides é ainda incompleto, especialmente nas regiões tropicais. Pouco se sabe também sobre o desenvolvimento dos indivíduos e o crescimento das populações para a maioria das espécies já descritas. Considerando-se as alterações ambientais resultantes da ação humana nos ambientes naturais, em particular a acelerada degradação dos ecossistemas aquáticos, e em face às alterações climáticas globais, uma das grandes preocupações atuais é a expectativa de que muitas espécies sejam extintas antes mesmo de serem identificadas pelo homem. Frente a estas condições e por se tratarem de espécies estritamente neotropicais, este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o ciclo de vida e a dinâmica populacional das espécies Ectocyclops herbsti, Eucyclops ensifer e Microcyclops anceps para as quais estudos deste tipo inexistem. A coleta dos organismos foi realizada em três localidades diferentes: Lago temporário do Mayaca (São Carlos, SP), Corrego da Igualdade (São Manoel, SP) e Base Ecologica Passo do Lontra/UFMS (Corumba, MS). Fêmeas ovadas de cada espécie foram selecionadas e mantidas em laboratório sob condições constantes, até a eclosão dos ovos. A partir do nascimento dos náuplios estes foram mantidos em experimento e avaliados diariamente até a maturidade e a partir daí a cada dois dias até o final da vida, para a estimativa dos parâmetros do ciclo de vida e avaliação da dinâmica populacional das espécies. A duração média do desenvolvimento embrionário e pós-embrionário de Ectocyclops herbsti foi respectivamente de 1,81 ±0,53 dias, e de 18 ± 0,7 dias. A longevidade média de E. herbsti nas condições de cultivo foi de 50,43 dias, obtendo um máximo de 84 dias. Eucylops ensifer teve duração média do desenvolvimento embrionário de 1,03±0,24 dias e duração do desenvolvimento pós-embrionário de 13,5±2,5 dias, apresentando uma longevidade média 48,5 atingindo um máximo de 75 dias. Microcyclops anceps apresentou duração média do desenvolvimento embrionário de 1,07±0,12 dias e a duração do desenvolvimento pós-embrionário de 12±2,5 dias. A longevidade média de M. anceps nas condições de cultivo foi de 30 dias, sendo o ultimo individuo vivendo ate os 45 dias. As curvas de sobrevivência das coortes da primeira geração foram do tipo côncavo com grande mortalidade no período inicial, tendendo à estabilidade da taxa de mortalidade após ultrapassarem a fase crítica de metamorfose da fase de náuplio para copepodito, elevada mortalidade incidindo próximo ao final do ciclo. A comparação dos parâmetros do ciclo de vida destas espécies entre si e com outras espécies de copépodos evidencia que as mesmas possuem curto tempo de geração e elevadas taxas de crescimento sugerindo que estas podem desempenhar relevantes papéis no metabolismo das comunidades e no funcionamento dos ecossistemas em que habitam.
CNPq: 132452/2015-4
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Mzozo, Ziyanda. "Aspects of the feeding biology of the copepod Pseudodiaptomus hessei (Copepoda: Calanoida) under culture conditions." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/4727.
Full textAbstract:
This study aimed to investigate the feeding behaviour of the calanoid copepod, Pseudodiaptomus hessei, particularly whether it prefers to feed on a planktonic or benthic food source. The effect of different microalgae species on the feeding preference, ingestion, and gut evacuation rate were investigated. Two microalgae species (Isochrysis galbana and Tetraselmis suecica) were used, to test gut fullness and gut evacuation of P. hessei. The copepods were starved for 6 h and allowed to feed on monalgae diets, I .galbana and T. suecica, and a 1:1 binary diet mixture of T. suecica and I. galbana. The gut fullness and gut evacuation rates were determined by observing under the dissecting microscope and gut content percentage was recorded (as 0, 25, 50, 75 or 100 percent) along with copepod sex. Copepods that feed on T. suecica fill their gut after 30 min, while those that feed on I. galbana do so after 40 min. There was a significant difference (p= 0.02) between sexes with males filling their gut faster than females. However, copepods that fed on I. galbana evacuated their gut content completely after 30 min, while those fed on T suecica evacuated theirs after 40 min. There was no difference between males and females for gut evacuation. Even though there was high gut fullness rate when P. hessei was feeding on T. suecica, I. galbana is recommended as the best mono-algae diet to culture P. hessei. The feeding behaviour of P. hessei was investigated, as to whether it prefers to feed on a planktonic or benthic food source. Copepods were starved for 3 h and then allowed to feed on two microalgae species (I. galbana and T. suecica), one presented as a benthic and other as planktonic. Controls included swapping the modes of presentation for each algae species. Ingested microalgae species were quantified using real-time PCR, with threshold cycles interpreted as relative abundance ratio (planktonic microalgae divided by benthic microalgae species). Pseudodiaptomus hessei preferred to feed on planktonic food sources initially as there was a difference between planktonic and benthic ingested food (p=0.026). Copepods shifted from planktonic to benthic food sources after 80 min of feeding planktonically. Planktonic food sources were the preferred choice for P. hessei regardless of microalgae species offered. The results from this study also confirm that P. hessei feed on a benthic food source during the day under culture conditions. This information can be used as baseline information for aquaculturists to rear the species as live feed for marine fish larvae.
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Geraldes, Primeiro Luis José de Oliveira. "História natural de Notodiaptomus amazonicus (Wright, 1935) em lago de área urbana protegida no lavrado de Roraima (Copepoda: Calanoida: Diaptomidae)." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2016. http://bdtd.inpa.gov.br/handle/tede/2265.
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license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-23T14:19:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 DISSERTAÇÃO BADPI_ LUIS - (VERSÃO DEFINITIVA).pdf: 1683978 bytes, checksum: 366084cb40f63be76253c54f267fc133 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-10
Instituto de Amparo a Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação de Roraima - IACTI-RR
The study addresses to the copepods natural history of an urban lake in a protected municipal area in the lavrado of Roraima, whose lake has the characteristic of being the unique remnant of urban lakes in Boa Vista. The lake has a round format, measuring near 60 meters in diameter. The research was related to the population structure of the copepodes of the lake. The samples were taken in six visits during December 2014, the dry period of the region, covering three microhabitats: margin with vegetation of gramineans and cyperaceans, limnetical portion and margin with absent vegetation. Each visit corresponded to a sample in one microhabitat – in all 6 samples per microhabitat. These samples also encompassed three phases of the lake – full waters, empting and critical levels of the water. Four questions guided the study concerning the proportions of adults (male and female), copepodits (juveniles) and náuplius (larvae) inside and between the microhabitats. Each question had its respective hypothesis, considered the provisory answer to the question, which results allowed some inferences on the dynamics of the studied copepod population. The main results related to these four questions were: First – i) the proportion of adults and copepodits were greater than the náuplius in the thre microhabitats, ii) the proportion of náuplius, copepodits and adults were greater in the limnetical portion, iii) the proportion of adults was fewer in the margins with vegetation. Second – i) the sexual ratio was 1:1 among the three microhabitats, ii) inside the three microhabitats the proportion between males and females was also 1:1. Third – in the three microhabitats the proportion of females carrying eggs was slightly greater when the lake was full or empting, ii) female carrying eggs was equally distributed in the three microhabitats when the lake was full, iii) the proportion of females carrying eggs was greater in the center and in the margin without vegetation when the lake was in its critical water level. Fourth – i) among the three phases of the lake – full, emptying and critical levels of the water – the copepodits and males and females adults were more abundant than náuplius, ii) the proportion of náuplius was homogenous and more abundant in the high levels of water (full and emptying), less abundant in the critical levels of water, iii) the copepodits were more abundant when the lake was emptying, but homogenous in the extreme phases– full and critical levels, iv) adult males and females had its abundance reduced at the same proportion as the water was decreasing in a sequence of full water, empting and critical levels of water.
O estudo aborda a história natural dos copépodes presentes em um lago urbano situado em área municipal protegida no lavrado de Roraima que tem como característica ser o único remanescente dos lagos das áreas urbanas de Boa Vista. O lago tem formato arredondado, medindo aproximadamente 60 metros de diâmetro. A pesquisa foi relacionada à estrutura populacional dos copépodes do lago. As amostragens foram feitas em seis visitas durante dezembro de 2014 e Janeiro de 2015, época de estiagem na região, abrangendo três microhabitat do lago: margem com vegetação de gramíneas e ciperáceas, porção limnética e margem oposta sem vegetação. Cada visita correspondeu a uma amostragem em um microhabitat – ao todo foram 6 amostragens por microhábitat. Estas amostragens abrangeram também três fases do lago – cheia, período intermediário (entre cheia e seca) e seca (níveis críticos de água). Foram quatro perguntas norteadoras do estudo abrangendo as proporções de adultos (machos e fêmeas), copepoditos (os jovens) e náuplius (larvas) dentro e entre os microhabitat. Para cada pergunta foi formulada a respectiva hipótese, considerada resposta provisória à pergunta, cujos resultados permitiram algumas inferências sobre a dinâmica da população estudada dos copépodes. Os principais resultados relacionados a estas quatro perguntas foram: Primeira – i) as proporções de adultos e copepoditos foram maiores do que a dos náuplius nos três microhabitat, ii) as proporções de náuplius, copepoditos e adultos foram maiores na porção limnética, iii) a proporção de adultos foi menor na margem com vegetação. Segunda – i) a razão sexual foi 1:1 entre os três microhabitat, ii) dentro dos três microhábitats a proporção entre machos e fêmeas apresentaram distorção na razão sexual, sendo homogênea na margem sem vegetação e apresentando distorção sexual na zona limnética e margem com vegetação, sempre com fêmeas predominando. Terceira – i) nos três microhabitat a proporção de fêmeas com ovos foi ligeiramente maior quando o lago estava cheio, ii) fêmeas com ovos distribuíram-se igualmente nos três microhabitat quando o lago estava cheio e durante o seu período de redução espacial (intermediária entre a cheia e seca), iii) a proporção de fêmeas com ovos foi maior no centro quando o lago está com menos água, iv) as proporções de fêmeas com ovos foi maior no centro e na margem sem vegetação quando o lago está com nível crítico de água. Quarta – i) entre as três fases do lago – cheia, intermediária e seca, os copepoditos (jovens) e os adultos foram mais abundantes do que os náuplius, ii) as proporções de náuplius foram homogêneas nas fases altas de água (cheia e período intermediário) e menor nos níveis críticos de água, iii) os copepoditos foram mais abundantes na fase intermediária do lago e homogêneos nas fases extremas – cheia e seca, iv) os machos e fêmeas adultos tiveram abundância reduzida na mesma proporção que a redução de água do lago na sequência cheio, período intermediário e seco (nível crítico de água).
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Silva, William Marcos da. "Diversidade dos Cyclopoida (Copepoda, Crustácea) de água doce do estado de São Paulo: taxonomia, ecologia e genética." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1765.
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Previous issue date: 2003-07-30Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
In the present work, the diversity of the Copepoda Cyclopoida from Sao Paulo State was studied. Samples of zooplankton were collected along with water samples were collected in 22 Hydrographic Management Units (UHGRH) of the State. Different environments, such as Reservoirs, Ponds, and Rivers were sampled totalizing 207 water bodies. All of them were positioned by using GPS. Samples of zooplankton were collected using net with 68µm of mesh size. Vertical hauls were performed in limnetic zone, while in littoral zone horizontal hauls and bucket were used. The plankton samples were preserved in formaldehyde 4%. Identifications of Cyclopoida were achieved using adult females forms. The data thus obtained were submitted to the SinBiota World Web Site where Geographical distribution of Cyclopoida was plotted to the map of the Sao Paulo State using the geographic coordinates obtained from GPS. It was compared the biodiversity and abundance of Cyclopoida in Reservoirs with different trophic degrees located in the Basins of rivers Tietê, Ribeira do Iguape, and Grande. ITS 2 sequence of DNA of the Cyclopoida was obtained for the following species: Thermcyclops decipiens, Thermocyclops inversus, Mesocyclops ogunnus and Mesocyclops longisetus longisetus. Number of chromosomes Mesocyclops longisetus longisetus was counted and a chromatin diminution observed. New Cyclopoida species, Thermocyclops n. sp., was first described and five species, Acanthocyclops robustus, Eucyclops elegans, Eucyclops cf. prinophorus, Microcyclops alius, and Mesocyclops aspericornis, were newly registered in the São Paulo State. With this, there are now 10 genera and 26 species recorded in the Sao Paulo State. A key to genres and species in the São Paulo State was proposed based on morphological differences, including draws from the anatomical characteristics which are important for taxonomy. It was proved that species identified earlier in the São Paulo State as Mesocyclops kieferi and Mesocyclops brasilianus were actually confused with species Mesocyclops ogunnus and Mesocyclops meridianus, respectively. It was found that Pacyclops fimbriatus, recorded earlier in the Broa Reservoir, is actually Pacyclops chiltoni inhabiting Sao Paulo water bodies. Thermocyclops decipiens was found to be the most broadly distributed species of the Cyclopoid recorded in 20 of 22 hydrographic units followed by Mesocyclops longisetus longisetus recorded in 16 units and Thermocyclops mintus, Mesocyclops ogunnus and Mesocyclops meridianus recorded in 15 units. Based on our observations, we concluded that, in contrast to the common opinion, highly eutrophicated Reservoirs present the highest species richness and distribution equitability as compared to oligotrophic ones. It was found that Acanthocyclops robustus, Mesocyclops ogunnus, and Thermocyclops inversus present the high abundance in eutrophic systems, along with Thermocyclops decipiens. On the other hand, Thermocyclops n. sp., as well as Thermocyclops minutus, have presented the high abundance in systems less eutrophicated streams. We found that the newly described species Thermocyclops n. sp is distributed specifically in the Basins of Ribeira do Iguape and Paraíba do Sul. ITS 2 sequence of DNA varied greatly between different species, while no significantly variation was observed between specimens of the same species. Mesocyclops longisetus longisetus was found to possess 2n = 14 chromosomes and presented the chromatin diminution in 4th egg cleavage. The present study clearly shows that the exhaustive study of the biodiversity needs the use complex approaches as taxonomy, ecology and genetics. This work is part of Biota/FAPESP program, the virtual institute of biodiversity.
Com o objetivo de conhecer a biodiversidade de Copepoda Cyclopoida do Estado de São Paulo foi realizado coletas de água em suas 22 unidades hidrográficas de gerenciamento de recursos hídricos (UHGRH). As coletas foram realizadas em diversos sistemas incluído represas, lagoas e rios, totalizando 207 corpos de água e todos georeferenciados com GPS. As amostras de Cyclopoida foram coletadas com rede de 68 µm de poro em arrastos verticais na zona limnética e coletados com equipamentos apropriados na região litorânea. As amostras foram preservadas em formol 4%. A identificação das espécies de Cyclopoida foi realizada analisando as fêmeas adultas. A distribuição das espécies foi realizada por submissão dos dados georreferenciados para plataforma do SinBiota/FAPESP. A biodiversidade e abundância das espécies em reservatórios de diferentes graus de trofia foi realizado para as represas do Rio Tietê, da Unidade Ribeira do Iguape e da Unidade Pardo Grande. Foi realizado pela primeira vez no Brasil a extração e sequenciamento do DNA de Cyclopoida. Foi seqüenciado o DNA do ITS 2 das espécies: Thermocyclops decipiens, Thermocyclops inversus, Mesocyclops ogunnus e Mesocyclops longisetus longisetus. Foi realizado também pela primeira vez no Brazil a citogenética para Cyclopoida, sendo utilizada a espécie Mesocyclops longisetus longisetus. Foi registrado para o Estado de São Paulo mais 6 espécies, sendo uma espécie nova Thermocyclops n. sp. e 5 novos registros, Acanthocyclops robustus, Eucyclops elegans, Eucyclops cf. prinophorus, Microcyclops alius e Mesocyclops aspericornis. Totalizando para o Estado de São Paulo 10 gêneros e 26 espécies. Com base nas diferenças morfológicas foi elaborado uma chave de identificação para gêneros e espécies do Estado de São Paulo com ilustrações das partes anatômicas de interesse. Foi constatado que as espécies Mesocyclops ogunnus e Mesocyclops meridianus são respectivamente M. kieferi e M. brasilianus anteriormente identificadas no Estado de São Paulo. Do gênero Paracyclops a espécie P. chiltoni encontrada nos corpos de água do Estado é a mesma encontrada na represa do Broa identificada como P. fimbiratus. As espécies mais amplamente distribuídas nas 22 UHGRHs foi Thermocyclops decipiens presente em 20 UHGRH seguida por Mesocyclops longisetus longisetus presente em 16 UHGRHs e Thermvocyclops minutus, Mesocyclops ogunnus, Mesocyclops meridianus e com presença em 15 UHGRHs. As represas mais eutrofizadas apresentaram uma maior riqueza e densidades similares de distribuição das espécies de Cyclopoida do que as represas menos eutrofizadas. As espécies Thermocyclops decipiens, Mesocyclops ogunnus, Acantocyclops robustus e Thermocyclops inversus foram mais abundantes em sistemas eutrofizados enquanto que as espéices Thermocyclops minutus e Thermocyclops n. sp. apresentaram maior abundância nos sistemas menos eutrofizados. A espécie Thermocyclops igaupensis n.sp. teve sua distribuição geográfica restrita as Unidades Ribeira do Iguape e Paraíba do Sul. As seqüências do DNA do ITS2 apresentou alta variação entre as diferentes espécies e baixa ou nenhuma variação entre as mesmas espécies. A análise citogenética feita na espécie Mesocyclops longisetus longisetus mostrou que a espécie possui 2n = 14 cromossomos e apresenta perda de cromatina a partir da 4a clivagem do ovo. Os estudos mostraram que a biodiversidade é melhor conhecida se estudada em diversos aspectos tais como taxonômico, ecológico e genético. Esta tese fez parte do Programa BIOTA/FAPESP o instituto virtual da biodiversidade.
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Wend-Heckmann, Britta Verfasser], Barbara [Akademischer Betreuer] Niehoff, and Maarten [Akademischer Betreuer] [Boersma. "Oithona similis (Copepoda: Cyclopoida) - a cosmopolitan species? / Britta Wend-Heckmann. Gutachter: Barbara Niehoff ; Maarten Boersma. Betreuer: Barbara Niehoff." Bremen : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1072047683/34.
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Chen, Gang. "Cryptic diversity, ecological differentiation and population genetics of an estuarine copepod, (Acartia tonsa) dana 1849 (Copepoda: Calanoida)." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/9495.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.Thesis research directed by: Behavior, Ecology Evolution and Systematics Program. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Rodrigues, Claudia Leal. "O zooplâncton da laguna hipersalina de Araruama (RJ) com ênfase na biologia de Oithona oswaldocruzi Oliveira, 1945 (Cyclopoida, Copepoda)." Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11422/3994.
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CAPES
A laguna de Araruama, localizada no estado do Rio de Janeiro, com 220 Km2, tem uma grande importância ecológica e sócio econômica. É a maior laguna hipersalina do mundo em regime permanente. Sua estreita comunicação com o mar, sua fraca profundidade e as condições climáticas explicam a sua hipersalinidade constante (>50). A interferência antrópica crescente é um dos seus principais problemas. A fim de analisar a composição zooplanctônica e sua variação espaço-temporal ao longo de um ano, foram coletadas amostras a cada 16 dias, em dez estações na laguna. Temperatura, salinidade e transparência da água foram medidas simultaneamente. A variação diária do zooplâncton foi avaliada através de coletas em diferentes horários durante dois períodos, em uma estação fixa (07-09/09/93 e 07-10/04/95). Os resultados revelam a predominância de um zooplâncton de baixa diversidade e de pequeno porte, composto principalmente pela espécie eurihalina de copépode Oithona oswaldocruzi e larvas de bivalve. Os demais organismos holoplanctônicos, raramente encontrados, não devem reproduzir-se dentro da laguna. O.oswaldocruzi completa seu ciclo vital, estando adaptada às condições estressantes do meio. Copépodes e larvas de bivalve apresentam um máximo de abundância entre setembro e novembro, além de picos menores. A porcentagem de femeas...
The Araruama Lagoon, located in the state of Rio de Janeiro, measuring 220 Km2, has a great ecological and socio-economic importance. It is the largest permanent hypersaline lagoon in the world. Its constant hypersalinity can be explained by its narrow communication with the ocean, its shallowness, and the climate conditions. The increasing anthropic influence is one of its main problems. ln order to analyze the zooplankton composition and its spatial and temporal variations during one annual cycle, the samples were taken every 16 days, during 1994, in 10 stations in the lagoon. Simultaneously, temperature, salinity and transparency of water were measured. The daily variation of the zooplankton was analyzed by drags in different hours of the day in two periods, from November 7th to 9th 1993, and April 7th to 10th 1995. The results revealed the predominance of a zooplankton of small size and low diversity, composed basically of the eurihaline specie of copepod called Oithona oswaldocruzi and bivalve larvae. The other holoplanktonics organisms rarely found, may not reproduce in the lagoon. The O.oswaldocruzi is able to complete its life cycle, suggesting that it is adapted to the stressing conditions of the environment. The greatest abundance of copepods and bivalve larvae happens from September to November. The percentage of females...
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Loncke, Stéphane. "Bio-écologie de "Mesocyclops aspericornis" Daday, 1906 (Copepoda Cyclopoida), agent de lutte biologique contre les "Aedes" vecteurs en Polynésie française." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20175.
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L'examen de la bio-ecologie de mesocyclops aspericornis, crustace copepode predateur de larves d'aedes, fait suite a la demonstration de ses potentialites par d'autres auteurs. Le predateur possede la plupart des qualites d'un agent de lutte biologique efficace. Quelques aspects du comportement et de l'echantillonnage de m. Aspericornis sont aussi etudies. L'assechement ou la salinisation de certains gites a moustiques constituent les obstacles dont il faudra tenir compte avant son utilisation
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Salveson, Erik. "Effects of copepod density and water exchange on the egg production of Acartia tonsa Dana (Copepoda: Calanoida) feeding on Rhodomonas baltica." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for biologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-21425.
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In this study, the objective was to investigate the effect of different copepod densities and the water exchange rate day-1 on the egg production of <i>Acartia tonsa</i> feeding on <i>Rhodomonas baltica</i>. It was a main task to find the best conditions for a maximum egg production in a large scale production system. The egg production under 3 different copepod densities (5, 8-10 and 20-53 ind/ml) and with water exchange rates of 100 and 500 % day-1 were tested. In addition, other variables like ammonia, temperature (20 °C), pH (8), salinity (24-34 ‰), dissolved 02 (> 5 mg/L) were measured and controlled if possible. Hatching success, female ratio, eggs per female and different consumption tests were measured.
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Tietjen, Aspasia Berenike Sophia [Verfasser], and Myron A. [Akademischer Betreuer] Peck. "Linking environmental factors and the reproductive success of Acartia tonsa DANA (Copepoda: Calanoida) / Aspasia Berenike Sophia Tietjen. Betreuer: Myron A. Peck." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1038789893/34.
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ROCHA, G. M. "Avaliação do Its1 e do Its2 Como Barcode para Calanoida (crustacea, Copepoda) Marinhos e Como Ferramenta Complementar para Filogenia do Grupo." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/9139.
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Previous issue date: 2014-06-06Calanoida é a ordem de Copepoda mais abundante do planeta, possuindo reconhecida importância ecológica e científica. Porém a acurada identificação taxonômica morfológica deste grupo de animais não é simples, requerendo um elevado grau de treinamento, ainda mais quando se trabalha com animais em estágio larval e juvenil. A identificação molecular por meio de barcode se apresenta como uma alternativa para auxiliar na identificação específica destes organismos. O marcador mitocondrial Cytocromo Oxydase I (COI) é tido como padrão para identificação molecular de boa parte dos grupos animais, mas não se mostra tão eficiente para calanóides. Este estudo teve como objetivo testar as duas subunidades do marcador molecular nuclear Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS1 e ITS2) como barcode para este grupo animal. Foram sequenciados o ITS1, ITS2 e COI de 105 indivíduos representando 14 famílias de Calanoida. As taxas de sucesso de sequenciamento dos marcadores nucleares foram bem superiores as do COI (98%, 91% e 34%, respectivamente). Além disso, foi observado um hiato entre as distâncias genéticas intraespecíficas e interespecíficas nos marcadores moleculares nucleares que permitiram o agrupamento em, clados monofiléticos, de 100% das sequências dos indivíduos amostrados com as demais de sua mesma espécie para o ITS2 e com apenas Pleuramamma xiphias como exceção para o ITS1. A filogenia do grupo, gerada com base nas sequências concatenadas de ITS1-ITS2-COI, se mostrou congruente com o que já se tem estabelecido em relação às relações evolutivas do grupo. Apesar da necessidade de estudos adicionais para confirmar os padrões aqui encontrados, podemos concluir que tanto o ITS1 como o ITS2 são marcadores moleculares de fácil sequenciamento para Calanoida e que o ITS2 possui variação genética suficiente para ser utilizados para geração de barcode para calanóides marinhos.
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Sugier, Kevin. "Molecular and anatomical study of the epipelagic copepod Oithona nana (Copepoda; Cyclopoida) Chitin distribution in the Oithona digestive and reproductive systems revealed by fluorescence microscopy New insights into global biogeography, population structure and natural selection from the genome of the epipelagic copepod Oithona Discovering millions of plankton genomic markers from the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLE045.
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Les copépodes sont les animaux les plus abondant sur Terre et jouent un rôle essentiel dans le réseau trophique et les cycles biogéochimiques marins. Dans l'océan épipélagique, le genre Oithona est considéré comme le plus abondants et l’un des plus répandus. Malgré leur importance écologique, peu de données moléculaires et anatomiques sont disponibles pour les copépodes en général et plus particulièrement pour Oithona. Nous avons adapté un protocole permettant d'observer les systèmes digestif et reproducteur d'Oithona, mais également de déterminer, pour la première fois, la distribution de la chitine au sein de ces systèmes. Nous avons construit le génome et les transcriptomes aux différents stades de développement d’Oithona nanaAprès analyse comparative avec les autres génomes de copépodes disponibles, nous observons une explosion d’occurrence du domaine protéique Lin12 Notch Reapeat (LNR) dans le génome de O. nana. À l'aide des données métagénomiques de Tara et de DISCOSNP ++, un outil permettant de détecter les variants sans génome de référence, nous avons identifié la structure de la population d'O. nana en Méditerranée, et également détecté les loci sous sélection naturelle. Parmi eux, 5 étaient des gènes codant pour des protéines contenant des domaines LNR (appelé LDPG) dont 3 mutations directement au sein de domaines LNR.Un système ZW de détermination sexuelle est prédit chez O. nana. Une série temporelle de quinze ans dans la petite rade de Toulon a montré un sex-ratio biaisé en faveur des femelles (rapport hommes / femmes <0,15 ± 0,11), mettant en évidence une mortalité plus élevée chez les mâles. Cela peut s'expliquer par le « paradoxe du mâle » : les mâles doivent alterner entre les phases d'alimentation (immobile) et de recherche de partenaire d’accouplement (mobile). Comme la base moléculaire de ce phénomène est inconnue, nous avons effectué une analyse d'expression différentielle. Vingt-quatre pourcent de l’ensemble des LDPGs sont sur-exprimés chez les mâles. Le mâle a également montré un enrichissement en transcrits impliqués dans la protéolyse, la formation de nouveaux axones et dendrites, l'assemblage et le fonctionnement de la synapse ainsi que la conversion d'acides aminés en glutamate, un neurotransmetteur excitateur. De plus, plusieurs gènes, spécifiquement régulés négativement chez le males, sont impliqués dans l'augmentation de la prise alimentaire et de la digestion. La formation de complexes de LDP a été détectée par la technique du double hybride, avec des interactions impliquant des protéases, des protéines de la matrice extracellulaire et des protéines associées à la neurogenèse.L’ensemble de ces résultats semble montré que, chez le mâle O. nana, la recherche prolongée de partenaires serait possible grâce à une autolyse modulée par les LDPs qui libèrent des acides aminés, permettant leur conversion en glutamate et ainsi permet le développement du système nerveux. Cet effet délétère renforce l’hypothèse, à l’échelle moléculaire, d’un comportement sacrificiel chez le mâle O. nana; et constitue le premier cas de comportement suicidaire chez un animal itéropareCopepods are the most numerous animals on Earth and play an essential role in the marine trophic web and biogeochemical cycles. In the epipelagic ocean, the genus Oithona is considered as one of the most abundant and widespread copepods. Despite the ecological importance, few internal anatomy and molecular data are available for copepods in general, and for Oithona in particular. We updated a protocol permitting to observe the digestif and reproductive systems of Oithona, but also to determine, for the first time, the chitin distribution inside these systems. We also made available the Oithona nana genome and transcriptomes at the different development stages.After comparative genomic analysis against other available copepod genomes, we observe an explosion of the Lin-12 Notch Repeat (LNR) protein domain in the O. nana genome. Using the Tara metagenomic data, we identified the population structure of O. nana in the Mediterranean Sea, but also detected loci under natural selection. Among them, five were LNR domain-containing protein-coding genes (LDPGs) whose three single-nucleotide mutations within LNR domain.While a ZW sex-determination system was predicted in O. nana, a fifteen-year time-series in the Toulon Little Bay showed a biased sex ratio toward females (male / female ratio < 0.15± 0.11) highlighting higher mortality in males. This can be explained by the “Oithona male paradox”: males have to alternate between feeding (immobile) and partner research (mobile) phases. As the molecular basis of this trade-off is unknown, we make a differential expression analysis. Twenty-four per cent of LDPGs were up-regulated in males. The male also showed enrichment in transcripts involved in proteolysis, the formation of new axons and dendrites, synapse assembly and functioning and even amino acid conversion to glutamate (an excitatory neurotransmitter). Moreover, several male down-regulated genes were involved in the increase of food uptake and digestion. The formation of LDP complexes was detected by yeast two-hybrid, with interactions involving proteases, extracellular matrix proteins and neurogenesis related proteins.Together, these results showed that the mating partner search of O. nana male is sustained by LDP-modulated autolysis that releases amino acid, convert them to the glutamate and permit a nervous system development. This could support a molecular-scale sacrificial behaviour in O. nana male
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Lischka, Silke [Verfasser]. "Life-history traits of the copepods Pseudocalanus minutus (Calanoida) and Oithona similis (Cyclopoida) in the Arctic Kongsfjorden (Svalbard) with particular emphasis on seasonality / Silke Lischka." 2006. http://d-nb.info/982839189/34.
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Waggett, Rebecca Jane Buskey Edward Joseph. "Ecological, biomechanical and neurological correlates of escape behavior in calanoid copepods." 2005. http://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/1752/waggettr32496.pdf.
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Rayner, Nancy Alison. "The freshwater Diaptomidae (Calanoida : Copepoda) of Southern Africa." Thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10858.
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Freshwater copepod taxonomy has been neglected
in southern Africa for more than 50 years and this has
placed a constraint on research on the biology and ecology
of this important component of the freshwater invertebrate
fauna. In this review of the calanoid family Diaptomidae
of southern Africa, keys to the freshwater families, the
African genera and southern African species are presented
as well as diagnoses of the family Diaptomidae and the
subfamilies Paradiaptominae and Diaptominae. The genus
Lovenula has been revised. All available information on
each species has been collated. This includes illustrations
of the most important identifying characters, synonymies,
a record of material examined and a map of distribution.
The discovery of 11 new species, four Paradiaptomus,
two, Metadiaptomus and five Tropodiaptomus, indicates
that the diaptomid fauna of southern Africa is more diverse
than was previously envisaged. Biogeography and evolution
of the group is discussed with reference to vicariance,
dispersal and palaeoenvironments of the African continent.
The Paradiaptominae (Lovenula, Paradiaptomus and Metadiaptomus)
are endemic to Africa, while the Diaptominae have
one endemic African genus Thermodiaptomus and the other,
Tropodiaptomus, is not limited to the African continent.
The latter genus has speciated throughout the warmer regions of Africa, with more than 30 described species.
Additional collections from isolated regions will, without
doubt, substantially increase this number. Included in
the account is a glossary of copepod terminology, an explanation
of local limnological terms in current use, and a
gazetteer. Biographical information on the pioneers of
copepod research in southern Africa is included.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1990.
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Waggett, Rebecca Jane. "Ecological, biomechanical and neurological correlates of escape behavior in calanoid copepods." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/1752.
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ŠORF, Michal. "Živočišná složka v potravě vznášivek rodu \kur{Eudiaptomus} (Copepoda: Calanoida)." Master's thesis, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-43031.
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Franco, Sofia Cota. "Effects of stocking density on A. tonsa (Copepoda: Calanoida) culture." Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/435.
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Dissertação de Mestrado, Aquacultura e Pescas, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2009A nutrição é um elemento chave na larvicultura marinha e pesquisas recentes têm demonstrado as vantagens do uso de copépodes como alimento vivo. Acartia tonsa é uma espécie de copépode calanóide com elevado potencial de cultivo, mas cuja densidade de cultivo permanece como uma das principais restrições à sua futura produção comercial. Como tal, este estudo recorreu a uma abordagem integrada com vista a avaliar os efeitos da densidade de cultivo no crescimento, produção de ovos e sucesso de eclosão em A. tonsa. Verificou-se que o uso de densidades elevadas (6000 cop l-1) não apresenta efeitos deletérios no crescimento e desenvolvimento de copépodes, embora a mortalidade aumente significativamente, de ≤2.5 % d-1 a densidades de ≤1000 cop l-1 para 3.5-4.0 % d-1 a 3000-6000 cop l-1. A produção individual de ovos também diminuiu com o aumento da densidade, registando-se uma produção de 28.4±1.43 ovos fêmea-1 d-1 a densidades de 100 cop l-1 e de 7.13±0.61 ovos fêmea-1 d-1 a 2500 cop l-1. Para mais, registou-se um atraso na eclosão de ovos produzidos por adultos criados em culturas densas (500-2500 cop l-1), bem como ovos incubados a densidades elevadas (1.000.000 eggs l-1). Apesar dos efeitos negativos da densidade na sobrevivência, produção de ovos e sucesso de eclosão, a magnitude destes efeitos não compromete a produção a altas densidades. Pesquisas futuras deverão focar-se no melhoramento de sistemas de produção e metodologia de armazenamento de ovos, bem como nos processos que controlam a diapausa, já que a capacidade de produzir copépodes calanóides em larga escala representaria um avanço significativo no cultivo larvar de espécies marinhas.
Nutrition is a key element in marine larviculture and the use of copepods as live feed for marine fish larvae has been shown to have several advantages over traditional live preys. Acartia tonsa is a calanoid copepod with high culture potential, although culture stocking density remains a bottleneck to its future commercial production. Considering this, the present study took an integrated approach to provide further insight on the effects of A. tonsa stocking density on growth, egg production and hatching success. Increased stocking densities (6000 cop l-1) were shown to have no unfavorable effect on copepod growth and development. Nevertheless copepod mortality significantly increased with density, from ≤2.5 % d-1 at densities of ≤1000 cop l-1 to 3.5-4.0 % d-1 at 3000-6000 cop l-1. Individual egg production rate also decreased at higher stocking densities, with an egg production of 28.4±1.43 eggs female-1 d-1 at 100 cop l-1 and of 7.13±0.61 eggs female-1 d-1 at 2500 cop l-1. Delayed hatching was observed for eggs produced by adults grown in dense cultures (500-2500 cop l-1) and for eggs incubated at increased hatching densities (1.000.000 eggs l-1). In spite of the negative effect of stocking density on survival, egg production and hatching success, the magnitude of these effects does not compromise the profitable use of high density cultures. Future research should focus on the improvement of production systems and egg storage, as well as investigating the processes controlling egg diapause, since the ability to rear calanoid copepod species at large scale would present a major advancement in larviculture of marine fish species.
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"Ecology of Calanus sinicus (copepoda, calanoida) in oceans of Southern China." 2003. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5891532.
Full textAbstract:
by Lee Ka Lun.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 153-167).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Abstract (in English) --- p.i
Abstract (in Chinese) --- p.iv
Acknowledgements --- p.vi
List of Figures --- p.vii
List of Tables --- p.xv
Chapter Chapter 1 --- General Introduction --- p.1
Chapter Chapter 2 --- "Seasonal population structure, life cycle and body allometry of the planktonic copepod Calanus sinicus"
Chapter 2.1 --- Literature Review
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Taxonomy of Calanidae --- p.6
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Geographical and seasonal distribution of Calanus sinicus --- p.7
Chapter 2.1.3 --- Body length and body weight of Calanus sinicus --- p.11
Chapter 2.2 --- Introduction --- p.14
Chapter 2.3 --- Materials and Methods --- p.17
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Field sampling --- p.17
Chapter 2 3.2 --- Identification and enumeration of zooplankton --- p.19
Chapter 3 3.2 --- Body length and weight of Calanus sinicus --- p.19
Chapter 2.4 --- Results --- p.20
Chapter 2.4.1 --- Temperature --- p.20
Chapter 2.4.2 --- Salinity --- p.21
Chapter 2.4.3 --- Ambient Chlorophyll a concentration --- p.22
Chapter 2.4.4 --- Seasonal occurrence and distribution of Calanus sinicus in northern Taiwan --- p.23
Chapter 2.4.5 --- Seasonal occurrence and distribution of Calanus sinicus in Hong Kong --- p.26
Chapter 2.4.6 --- Life cycle of Calanus sinicus in northern Taiwan --- p.27
Chapter 2.4.7 --- Life cycle of Calanus sinicus in Hong Kong --- p.28
Chapter 2.4.8 --- Stage ratio index --- p.28
Chapter 2.4.9 --- Seasonal changes in biomass of Calanus sinicus --- p.29
Chapter 2.4.10 --- Seasonal changes in the abundances of other copepods in northern Taiwan --- p.29
Chapter 2.4.11 --- Seasonal changes in the abundances of other copepods in Hong Kong --- p.30
Chapter 2.4.12 --- Seasonal changes in biomass of other copepods --- p.31
Chapter 2.4.13 --- Seasonal variations in body size --- p.31
Chapter 2.4.14 --- Seasonal changes in sex composition in adults --- p.32
Chapter 2.5 --- Discussions --- p.32
Chapter Chapter 3 --- Diel vertical migration and gut pigment rhythm of the planktonic copepod Calanus sinicus
Chapter 3.1 --- Literature review --- p.87
Chapter 3.1.1 --- Diel vertical migration of Calanus sinicus --- p.87
Chapter 3.1.2 --- Diel feeding rhythm of Calanus sinicus --- p.91
Chapter 3.1.3 --- Measurement of grazing rate --- p.93
Chapter 3.2 --- Introduction --- p.96
Chapter 3.3 --- Materials and Methods --- p.98
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Zooplankton sampling and physical parameters --- p.98
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Identification and enumeration --- p.100
Chapter 3.3.3 --- Gut pigment fluorescence --- p.100
Chapter 3.4 --- Results --- p.101
Chapter 3.4.1 --- Temperature and salinity --- p.101
Chapter 3.4.2 --- Ambient chlorophyll a concentration --- p.102
Chapter 3.4.3 --- Diel vertical migration --- p.103
Chapter 3.4.4 --- Gut pigment content --- p.106
Chapter 3.5 --- Discussion --- p.107
Chapter Chapter 4 --- Use of molecular markers in population analysis of Calanus sinicus
Chapter 4.1 --- Literature Review --- p.134
Chapter 4.2 --- Introduction --- p.138
Chapter 4.3 --- Materials and Methods --- p.142
Chapter 4.3.1 --- "Collection, preservation, and identification of Calansn sinicus samples" --- p.142
Chapter 4.3.2 --- DNA sequence determination for Calanus sinicus --- p.143
Chapter 4.4 --- Results --- p.144
Chapter 4.5 --- Discussion --- p.145
Chapter Chapter 5 --- Conclusion --- p.150
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"Ecology of three species of Euchaeta (copepoda: calanoida) in the coastal waters of Hong Kong." 2008. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5896765.
Full textAbstract:
Yau, Yee Wa Eva.Thesis submitted in: October 2007.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 113-126).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Abstract (in English) --- p.i
Abstract (in Chinese) --- p.iv
Acknowledgment --- p.vi
Table of content --- p.vii
List of Figures --- p.x
List of Tables --- p.xiii
Chapter Chapter 1 --- General Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Copepod and its ecological importance --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- General biology of copepod --- p.1
Chapter 1.3 --- Hydrography of Hong Kong --- p.6
Chapter 1.4 --- Copepods in Hong Kong´ةs waters --- p.7
Chapter 1.5 --- Diel vertical migration (DVM) --- p.12
Chapter 1.6 --- Thesis content --- p.13
Chapter Chapter 2 --- Distribution and Population Dynamics of Euchaeta Species in the Coastal Waters of Eastern Hong Kong --- p.14
Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.14
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Diversity of Euchaeta along the Chinese waters --- p.14
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Seasonal occurrence of Euchaeta --- p.17
Chapter 2.1.3 --- Study area --- p.19
Chapter 2.1.4 --- Objectives of study --- p.22
Chapter 2.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.23
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Field sampling --- p.23
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Laboratory analysis --- p.25
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Data analysis --- p.25
Chapter 2.3 --- Results --- p.27
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Hydrography --- p.27
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Species diversity --- p.34
Chapter 2.3.3 --- Spatial distribution --- p.34
Chapter 2.3.4 --- Seasonal occurrence --- p.37
Chapter 2.4 --- Discussion --- p.47
Chapter 2.4.1 --- Diversity of Euchaeta --- p.47
Chapter 2.4.2 --- Seasonality in occurrence of Euchaeta --- p.49
Chapter 2.4.3 --- Water movement and Euchaeta populations --- p.50
Chapter 2.4.4 --- Euchaeta populations in Tolo Habour and Mirs Bay --- p.52
Chapter 2.5 --- Conclusions --- p.58
Chapter Chapter 3 --- Diel Vertical Distribution and Feeding Activities of Euchaeta concinna in Mirs Bay --- p.60
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.60
Chapter 3.1.1 --- Diel vertical migration (DVM) --- p.60
Chapter 3.1.2 --- Diel feeding rhythm --- p.62
Chapter 3.1.3 --- Dietary composition and prey selectivity --- p.64
Chapter 3.1.4 --- Predation impact --- p.66
Chapter 3.1.5 --- Study area --- p.67
Chapter 3.1.6 --- Objectives of study --- p.68
Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.69
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Field sampling --- p.69
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Laboratory analysis --- p.70
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Laboratory feeding experiment --- p.71
Chapter 3.2.4 --- Data analysis --- p.73
Chapter 3.3 --- Results --- p.76
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Hydrography --- p.76
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Density of Euchaeta concinna --- p.76
Chapter 3.3.3 --- Diel vertical distribution --- p.79
Chapter 3.3.4 --- Diel feeding rhythm --- p.85
Chapter 3.3.5 --- Dietary composition and prey selectivity --- p.87
Chapter 3.3.6 --- Prey availability --- p.87
Chapter 3.3.7 --- Feeding in laboratory --- p.94
Chapter 3.3.8 --- Predation impact --- p.94
Chapter 3.4 --- Discussion --- p.99
Chapter 3.4.1 --- Diel vertical distribution and diel feeding rhythm --- p.99
Chapter 3.4.2 --- Prey composition and selectivity --- p.102
Chapter 3.4.3 --- Digestion time and feeding rate --- p.105
Chapter 3.4.4 --- Predation impact --- p.106
Chapter 3.5 --- Conclusions --- p.109
Chapter Chapter 4 --- Conclusions --- p.110
References --- p.113
Appendices --- p.127
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Dhanker, Raunak, and 羅娜. "Feeding ecology of the estuarine copepods Pseudodiaptomus annandalei (calanoid, Swell 1919) and Apocyclops royi (cyclopoid, Lindberg 1940): herbivory, predation and prey selection." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5xfmxz.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立臺灣海洋大學
海洋生物研究所
102
Copepods play a central role in transferring carbon from lower trophic level to higher trophic level such as fish in the estuarine and marine food webs. The two copepods the calanoid Pseudodiaptomus annandalei (Swell 1919) and the cyclopoid Apocyclops royi (Lindberg 1940) are dominant estuarine copepod species. Both the species were considered to be herbivorous, and being cultured as live feed for grouper and other economical fish larvae. Little attention has so far been paid on feeding ecology of these copepod species. In this thesis, the feeding ecology and predation behavior of these two copepod species on rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis and ciliate Euplotes sp. were elucidated quantitatively as well as qualitatively. Their reproductive performance, survival, postembryonic developmental rates and population dynamics have been estimated on diets of phytoplankton (mono- and plurialgal), animal and combinations theirof. Moreover, the influence of Poly Unsaturated Aldehydes (PUAs) of diatom on development and population size of each copepod species were also investigated. For predation efficiency examination, these copepods were offered ciliate and three states of B. rotundiformis (neonates, ovigerous and non-ovigerous adults) to investigate prey choice, egg predation, prey consumption rates, size selection, and satiation levels and duration. Prey consumption rates on rotifer and ciliate were also recorded in the presence and absence of algae, the smaller Isochrysis galbana and the larger Tetraselmis chui. The predation behavior of each copepod species was videotaped by Fastcam providing information about ingestion of rotifer eggs, rotifer adults and ciliates. Both males and females of each copepod species were able to ingest on eggs, neonates, adults of rotifer and ciliate. Prey consumption rates were higher in P. annandalei than in A. royi. Regardless of sex and reproductive state of the copepods, prey consumption rates were higher on rotifer neonates than on adults and ciliates except the case of male of P. annandalei. The presence of I. galbana had no effect on prey consumption; T. chui influenced the prey consumption rates in P. annandalei. However, the presence of either I. galbana or T. chui significantly reduced the prey ingestion rates in A. royi adults. The egg consumption in copepods increased with increasing numbers of egg bearing rotifers in their environment. From a combination of neonates of B. rotundiformis with either adults rotifer or cells of Euplotes sp. copepod females preferred neonates over adult rotifers and ciliate except at higher proportion of ciliate in A. royi. The prey preference of copepods exhibited switching based on relative prey proportion in the environment. Satiated copepods rejected rotifers more often than hungry individuals. Dual feeding nature of P. annandalei attested that this is more efficient predator than A. royi. Laboratory evaluation of feeding ecology allows us to quantify relative importance of particular diet; food density and food type for commercial culture of copepod species. A thorough knowledge of feeding ecology and food niche size are prerequisite for reliable and sustained production. Both the copepods were estimated as generalist feeders rather than simple herbivorous. Therefore, the reproductive performance, survival and postembryonic developmental rates and population dynamics of each copepod species in relation to food diets and densities were also studied. With monoalgal diets, I. galbana (I), T. chui (T) and Chaetoceros sp. (C) and their different combinations (I+T, I+C, T+C and I+T+C). The reproduction and postembryonic development rates of copepods were influenced differentially by different diets. Algal diets related effects were more pronounced in P. annandalei than in A. royi. Monoalgal diet was evaluated as effective as mixed algal diet in P. annandalei. I. galbana alone has been recorded best food for reproduction and development for P. annandalei. T. chui alone was estimated to be best food for survival and fastest generation time in A. royi. Whereas the mixture of I. galbana + T. chui was found to be best diet for reproduction in A. royi. With combination of algae (either I. galbana or T. chui) and animal (different density of rotifer- 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 and 320 ind.60 ml-1) diet, the higher population growth rate was noted with increasing density of rotifer. The optimal culture condition for reliable mass culture of P. annandalei was recorded 320 ind. 60ml-1 with I. galbana. Susceptibility of copepods (nauplii, copepodites and adults) was tested to three PUAs of diatom. 2-trans, 4-trans decadienal (DD) was recorded more toxic compared to other two tested PUAs [2-trans, 4-trans haptadienal (HD); and 2-trans, 4-trans octadienal (OD)] to copepods. P. annandalei was estimated more sensitive to PUAs compared to A. royi. Further, the early stages (nauplii and copepodites) were found more sensitive to PUAs in comparison to adults of copepods. The presence of DD in the medium negatively influenced the survival, post embryonic developmental rates and population growth rates of each copepod species. This thesis provides first information on predatory efficiency and behavior of P. annandalei and A. royi on microplankton, which attests their omnivory feeding habit. Further, the wider food spectrum of these copepods suggests the underlying reasons of perennial abundance of these copepods in many tropical brackish ponds and estuaries. Present results also indicate the major role played by these copepods in shaping the community structure through predation and omnivory in their natural habitat. Subsequently, this thesis provides information about optimal food culture conditions to sustain reliable mass cultivation of these copepods for fish larviculture. Therefore, this thesis has ecological significance as well as aquaculture implications in live feed culture for growing fish larvae.
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Teasdale, Michael. "The timing of benthic copepod emergence--a laboratory flume study." 2003. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-08102004-142637.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2003.Advisor: Dr. David Thistle, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Oceanography. Title and description from dissertation home page (Aug. 27, 2004). Includes bibliographical references.
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Van, Leeuwen H. C. "Behavioral changes in male Diaptomus leptopus (Copepoda: Calanoida) in response to female conditioned water." Thesis, 1989. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/5841/1/ML51318.pdf.
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Marszalek, Malgorzata A. "Phylogeny, phylogeography and genetic structure of the North American diaptomid copepod, Hesperodiaptomus shoshone (Copepoda: Calanoida)." Thesis, 2007. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/975350/1/NR30115.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The freshwater diaptomid copepod Hesperodiaptomus shoshone (S.A. Forbes, 1882) occurs in high altitudes of Western North America, ranging from British Columbia to Colorado in the Rocky Mountains, and in the Sierra Nevada of California. I examined the genetic variation of H. shoshone at different spatial scales to determine the extent of current demographic processes and historical events shaping the distribution and dispersal of this species. First, I examined the phylogenetic relationships within the genus Hesperodiaptomus based upon nuclear ribosomal DNA gene sequences. Phylogenetic reconstructions supported the monophyletic origin of the genus and revealed two clades supported by morphological characters. Second, I carried out a phylogeographic study using partial DNA sequences of the cytochrome oxidase I gene and from nuclear ribosomal DNA gene sequences from 51 populations representing the current distribution range of the species. The genetic divergence among populations was high, and indicates a low level of dispersal among populations. The data revealed the presence of two geographically distinct deep lineages (North/South), with further genetic sub-structuring within each region. I hypothesize that the observed patterns of genetic diversity and structure reflect historical dispersal events and episodic range displacement due to glaciations. Finally, I characterized three microsatellite markers for this species and carried out a population genetic study to examine the genetic structure among 12 neighbouring populations in the Gunnison area of Colorado. The results indicated that H. shoshone have significant population differentiation and high genetic divergence suggesting a limited gene flow even at relatively small spatial scales.
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Sedlacek, Chris Marcus Nancy. "Effect hypoxia has on feeding and egg production rates of Acartia tonsa Dana 1849 (Copepoda: Calanoida)." 2003. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11172003-151712/.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--Florida State University, 2003.Advisor: Dr. Nancy Marcus, Florida State University, Dept. of Oceanography. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Mar. 2, 2004). Includes bibliographical references.
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Chan, Yao-Chang, and 詹耀章. "Effects of surface area and texture of habitats on population density of Pseudodiaptomus annandalei (Copepoda: Calanoida)." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/662c57.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
海洋生物研究所
105
Pseudodiaptomus annandalei plays an important role in aquaculture as live feed in the southern Taiwan. In this study, the population density was observed that using polypropylene film and zooplankton net at the vertical and horizontal as habitats in two liter beaker. The results from our observation on nauplii and population density and population growth rate of zooplankton net were significantly higher than those of control group after five weeks. The experiment on horizontal habitats was more effective than vertical habitats to increase the number of nauplii and population density and population growth rate. There was no significant correlation between the number of nauplii and population density and population growth rate that using polypropylene film as habitats. This study lead to better to understanding of copepod farming for high-quality live feed and it may help draw recommendations on how to improve the aquaculture in the future.
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Oppert, Cris J. "Effect of diet and low dissolved oxygen on some life history parameters of acartia tonsa (copepoda: calanoida)." 2006. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-08032006-143031.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2006.Advisor: Nancy H. Marcus, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Oceanography. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Jan. 24, 2007). Document formatted into pages; contains x, 96 pages. Includes bibliographical references.
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Mattos, Marco Aurélio Rojo. "Composição, distribuição e segregação das espécies da família Acartiidae Sars, 1903 (Copepoda, Calanoida) no estuário do rio Guadiana." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/9816.
Full textAbstract:
Devido à sua importância quantitativa e às respostas que dá às variações ambientais bem como pelo seu papel como elo de ligação nas cadeias tróficas, o estudo dos copépodes apresenta-se como sendo de grande importância na caracterização de ambientes aquáticos. Neste trabalho são apresentados os resultados do estudo da distribuição das espécies de Acartiidae Sars, 1903 encontradas no estuário do rio Guadiana em dois períodos distintos, 2002/2003, antes do pleno funcionamento da Barragem do Alqueva, e 2012/2013, após o pleno funcionamento da barragem.
Verificou-se que as quatro espécies presentes, Acartia clausi, Acartia bifilosa, Acartia tonsa e Paracartia grani coexistem no estuário com pouca separação sazonal mas com uma segregação ao longo do gradiente salino e de estabilidade decrescente montante/jusante, com A. tonsa ocupando as zonas mais internas do estuário e A. clausi e P. grani a ocupar as estações mais próximas à foz do rio.
Este trabalho mostrou ainda que entre as duas campanhas verificou-se quase o desaparecimento de A. bifilosa entre as duas campanhas, sendo esse fato, provavelmente, devido às consequências da regulação do caudal do rio Guadiana combinado com a pressão competitiva das outras espécies.
A. tonsa é considerada uma espécie não autóctone na Europa mas a sua ocorrência europeia é registada desde o início do séc. XX. Neste trabalho procurou-se, também, analisar o sucesso da sua ocupação no estuário do Guadiana ao longo desse intervalo de 10 anos entre as duas campanhas de amostragens.Copepods studies are very importante to understood aquatic environments. In this work are presented the results of the Acartiidae Sars, 1903 species in the Guadiana estuary from two different sampling periods, 2002/2003 and 2012/2013. Four species, Acartia clausi, Acartia bifilosa, Acartia tonsa and Paracartia grani occurred with a large coexistence and a spatial segregation along salinity/estability gradient. The patterns of Acartiidae distribution was also analyzed and showed A. clausi and P. grani were most abundat in higher salinity and lower clorofill-a concentrations outer stations and A. tonsa was dominant in lower salinity inner zones. A. bifilosa was very abundant in middle station at 2002/2003 but almost disappeared in 2012/2013, probably due the river flow regulation after Alqueva Dam full operation combined with A. tonsa and P. grani competitive pressing. A. tonsa is a NIS in Europe but it is recorded in European waters since 1927. It’s was registed in Ria Formosa and Doñana Natural Park, two areas close to Guadiana estuary and at this time this species is well established in this ecossistem.
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YEN-YING, LEE, and 李彥瑩. "The study of population genetic structure and phylogeography of Neutrodiaptomus tumidus Kiefer,1937 (Copepoda: Calanoida) from alpine lakes in Taiwan." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93583125307673261457.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立新竹教育大學
應用科學系碩士班
98
In this study, mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequence of 608 bp use as molecular maker to investigate population genetic structure and phylogeography of Neutrodiaptomus tumidus from alpine lakes of Taiwan. We have 136 sequences from eight populations in total, 66 haplotype are found, which have 136 variable sites include 123 parsimony informative sites. Nucleotide composition was AT-rich. Haplotype diversity ( Hd ) and Nucleotide diversity (π) indicate significant genetic differences between populations ( Hd: 0.131~0.990；π: 0.0002~0.0084)；fixation index (Fst) and gene flow index (Nm) also indicate significant genetic diversification between populations (Fst: 0.3 ~ 1; Nm: 0 ~ 1). Tajima's D, Fu and Li's D* and F* as neutral test, the results indicate that the nucleotide variation within the population is consistent with the neutral theory expect Jia-Lo Lake population , population genetic structure is the result of random mating. Jia-Lo Lake population significant deviation the neutral theory, speculate Jia-Lo Lake population had experienced bottleneck effect. According to phylogenetic tree these alpine lake population can be divided into four groups (Song-Lo Lake and Jia-Lo Lake, Du-Ron Deep Pool, central region, Da-Guei Lake). According to AMOVA, the major genetic variation came from different geographical distribution of population. Using simple linear regression analysis, population genetic differentiation and geographic distance has significant positive correlation, consistent with isolation by distance. Molecular clock estimates the northern, southern regional divergence time was about 2.6 ~ 3.6 Mya, when the Central Mountain Range uplift (3 ~ 5 Mya) cause the population of N. tumidus segregated into northern and southern part.
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Guarnieri, Maria. "A preliminary study of genetic variation within and among populations of Diaptomus leptopus (Copepoda: Calanoida) : a DNA sequence analysis of the Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I gene." Thesis, 1996. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/140/1/MM18395.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Previous studies examining the population structure of aquatic organisms have been based generally on behavioral traits, morphological traits and allozyme studies. DNA sequence analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene may also be of use to study population structure. Thus, a study investigating the genetic variation within and among seven populations, distributed from Quebec to New York, of the freshwater copepod Diaptomus leptopus was conducted. Variation among populations was shown in both the nucleotide sequence and the observed haplotype frequencies. These results indicate that the populations may differ. The phylogenetic tree obtained reveals that most of the individuals studied are most similar genetically within their population and that there are varying degrees of differentiation among populations. Most of the nucleotide substitutions are synonymous and a majority of the base changes occur at the third codon position. The amino acids that do change in the calanoid copepod occur at sites which are variable for other organisms sequenced. Hence, these sites are not thought to be important for the maintenance of the protein structure and function. Therefore, these results suggest that the gene product is not altered and the differences seen, in the mtCOI gene, among the populations, studied here, may be selectively neutral. The results obtained need to be supported by more individuals and genes studied, examination of historical aspects of population distribution and further analyses.
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Gignac, Brassard Sabrina. "Les rôles relatifs de la prédation et des ressources sur la distribution verticale du zooplancton à travers un gradient de prédation des poissons dans les lacs boréaux." Thèse, 2020. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/id/eprint/9727/1/eprint9727.pdf.
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