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1
Santos-Wisniewski, MJ, and O. Rocha. "Spatial distribution and secondary production of Copepoda in a tropical reservoir: Barra Bonita, SP, Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Biology 67, no. 2 (May 2007): 223–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842007000200007.
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The present paper aims to describe the spatial distribution of zooplankton copepods, their biomass and instantaneous secondary production, in Barra Bonita, a large eutrophic, polymitic reservoir (22° 29' S and 48° 34' W) on the Tietê River, of the Paraná basin. Sampling was carried out during two seasons: dry winter and rainy summer. Species composition, age structure and numerical density of each copepod species population were analyzed at 25 sampling stations. Secondary production was calculated for Copepoda, the dominant group in zooplankton communities, taking Calanoida and Cyclopoida separately. Copepoda represented the largest portion of the total zooplankton biomass, the dominant species being Notodiaptomus iheringi among the Calanoida and Mesocyclops ogunnus and Thermocyclops decipiens among the Cyclopoida. The production of Copepoda was higher during the rainy summer (23.61 mgDW.m-3.d-1 in January 1995) than during the dry winter season (14 mgDW.m-3.d-1 in August 1995), following the general pattern of abundance for the whole zooplankton community. Among the copepods, Cyclopoida production was higher than that of Calanoida, a pattern commonly observed for tropical lakes and reservoirs. Barra Bonita copepods are very productive, but there was a great degree of spatial heterogeneity, related to the physical and chemical conditions, particularly the level of nutrients and also to phytoplankton biomass.
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Belmonte, Genuario. "The Suspected Contradictory Role of Parental Care in the Adaption of Planktonic Calanoida to Temporary Freshwater." Water 13, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13010100.
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Calanoida have the highest number of species among Copepoda in marine plankton, but not in fresh water, where the greatest number are Cyclopoida. Freshwater Cyclopoida also live in more freshwater sites than Calanoida. This could be a consequence of an invasion of freshwater by marine Cyclopoida before Calanoida. Similar to Cyclopoida, but different from marine Calanoida, freshwater Calanoida females produce egg sacs and care for eggs. This strategy is common among all freshwater plankton, suggesting that the evolution of parental care is an obliged adaption to conquer fresh water. Calanoida, different from Cyclopoida, survive adverse conditions as resting eggs. This life-cycle constraint obliges eggs to survive their mother’s death and wait in the benthos for a certain period. The necessity of completing embryonic development and the hatching of eggs far from the mother’s protection may be responsible for the relatively lower evolutionary success of Calanoida in fresh water compared to Cyclopoida (which rest as juveniles, thus protecting eggs in any moment of their development). Therefore, the brooding of eggs appears to be the obliged solution for Calanoida’s final establishment in fresh water, but the dispersion of eggs on the bottom after the mother’s death and during the rest period is probably the weak point in Calanoida’s competition with Cyclopoida.
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Nugraha, Media Fitri Isma, and Gede Suwarthama Sumiarsa. "SPESIES ASING SEBAGAI SALAH SATU PEMBATAS DALAM BUDIDAYA COPEPODA PADA BAK TERKONTROL." Media Akuakultur 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2009): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/ma.4.1.2009.45-49.
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Copepoda adalah golongan crustacean yang dapat dijadikan sebagai pakan alami untuk larva ikan. Secara umum copepoda tergolong dalam empat ordo yaitu Calanoida, Cyclopoida, Harpacticoida, dan Monstrilidae. Di Balai Besar Riset Perikanan Budidaya Laut, Gondol, Copepoda yang dibudidayakan adalah jenis Harpacticoida yaitu Tisbe sp. yang pemeliharaannya dikerjakan dalam bak terkontrol. Copepod ini diberi pakan berupa fitoplankton, scoot’s emulsion, pelet ikan, dan ragi, serta sedikit penambahan probiotik. Pembatas selama budidaya adalah sulitnya produksi naupli copepoda secara massal, hal ini dikarenakan waktu bertelur yang tidak seragam antara individu copepoda, sehingga tidak bisa ditentukan waktu yang tepat untuk panen nauplii secara besarbesaran. Pembatas kedua adalah lambatnya reproduksi copepoda yaitu 14 hari jika dibandingkan dengan rotifer yang hanya dua hari. Pembatas ketiga adalah adanya spesies asing atau predator yang menyerang copepoda pada kondisi tertentu, seperti tingginya nutrisi pakan pada bak pemeliharaan.
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Castilho-Noll, Maria Stela Maioli, Carolina Figueira Câmara, Maira Favaron Chicone, Érico Hissashi Shibata, and Ligia Roma Stephan. "Copepods (Crustacea, Maxillopoda) from shallow reservoirs." Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia 24, no. 2 (September 6, 2012): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2179-975x2012005000034.
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AIM: Among the planktonic microcrustaceans, copepods Cyclopoida and Calanoida are the most representative groups, being the largest biomass of the plankton community. The aim of this work is to catalogue and analyze the distribution of copepod species (Crustacea, Maxillopoda) in pelagic and littoral zones from small reservoirs in the northwest of the São Paulo State, in dry and rainy seasons (2007 and 2009). METHODS: Zooplankton samplings were carried out in littoral and pelagic zones of 13 small shallow reservoirs (mean depth: 2.6 m) using vertical hauls and plankton net (45 µm). Water physical and chemical parameters were also monitored with a multiparameter Horiba® U10. RESULTS: Eighteen species of copepods were identified, 13 Cyclopoida and 5 Calanoida. There was no statistical difference between the distributions of species from the littoral and pelagic zones and neither between dry and rainy seasons. Three species occurred exclusively in the littoral zone - Eucyclops elegans, Paracyclops chiltoni and Mesocyclops ogunnus. Tropocyclops prasinus and Thermocyclops decipiens were the most frequent species in the studied environments. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that in shallow reservoirs copepods present a homogeneous distribution between the littoral and pelagic zones and Cyclopoida are more diverse than Calanoida. Shallow depths and eutrophic state may be regarded as limiting conditions for the development of Calanoida in these reservoirs.
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Anufriieva, Elena V., Gamal M. El-Shabrawy, and Nickolai V. Shadrin. "Copepoda in the shallow hypersaline Bardawil coastal lake (Egypt): Are there long-term changes in composition and abundance?" Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies 47, no. 3 (September 25, 2018): 219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ohs-2018-0021.
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Abstract Coastal Lake Bardawil (Egypt) is one of the largest hypersaline lakes in the world. In 2009–2010, the authors studied composition, distribution and seasonal dynamics of copepods at 12 sites. A total of 10 species of copepods were recorded in zooplankton during the study period, including 5 Calanoida, 2 Cyclopoida and 3 Harpacticoida. Oithona nana was the most common and most abundant species. All copepods in the lake can be divided into three groups: 1) planktic species that form stable populations, 2) species of Mediterranean plankton incidentally entering the lake from the adjacent sea area, 3) benthic Cyclopoida and Harpacticoida that can be abundant in plankton. Two species – Acartia tonsa and A. danae were recorded here for the first time. The total abundance of copepods in the lake was significantly higher (90 times on average) compared to that observed in 2008–2009 in the waters of the Egyptian Mediterranean Sea. Since 1967, the complex of common and dominant copepod species in the lake has changed significantly. The total average annual copepod abundance varied: in 2002 – it was about 4000 ind. m−3, in 2004 – 152 000 ind. m−3, in 2005 – about 25 300 ind. m−3, and in 2009–2010 – about 56 000 ind. m−3.
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BOXSHALL, GEOFF A., and DAMIÀ JAUME. "Three new species of copepods (Copepoda: Calanoida and Cyclopoida) from anchialine habitats in Indonesia." Zootaxa 3150, no. 1 (January 4, 2012): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3150.1.2.
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Three new species of copepod crustaceans are described from material collected from anchialine and brackish habitats inand around the village of Walengkabola on the coast of Muna Island, to the southeast of Sulawesi. A new species of cy-clopoid, Paracyclopina sacklerae n. sp., was described from material collected from the tidal inflow entering into the bot-tom of sinkholes a few metres inland from the shoreline. Detailed comparisons are made with Paracyclopina orientalis(Lindberg, 1941), n. comb., a closely related congener here transferred from its original genus Cyclopetta Sars, 1913. Theassignment of Paracyclopina Smirnov, 1935 to the family Cyclopettidae is followed here despite uncertainty over the va-lidity of some of the families created by the break up of the former Cyclopinidae. Two new species of Boholina Fosshagen& Iliffe, 1989 are described, based on material from the same sinkholes and from caves located up to 700m inland fromthe coast and exhibiting further reduced salinity down to 1.8 ppt. One species, B. parapurgata n. sp., is very closely relatedto B. purgata Fosshagen & Iliffe, 1989 from Bohol island in the Philippines, the other B. munaensis n. sp., is very closelyrelated to B. crassicephala Fosshagen & Iliffe, 1989 also from Bohol island, but a number of fine scale differences in the leg 5 of both sexes are recognised in each case. Keys to valid species of both genera are provided.
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Mykitchak, T., and N. Koval. "CLADOCERA AND COPEPODA CRUSTACEANS OF THE UPPER UZH RIVER (UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS)." Visnyk of Lviv University. Biological series, no. 77 (June 5, 2018): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vlubs.2018.77.16.
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Sari, Elda, Nora Idiawati, and Sukal Minsas. "COMPOSITION AND COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF COPEPOD IN KAKAP RIVER ESTUARY, KUBU RAYA DISTRICT WEST BORNEO." BIOLOGICA SAMUDRA 3, no. 1 (June 15, 2021): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33059/jbs.v3i1.3245.
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The research of composition and community structure of copepods in Kakap river estuary, Kubu Raya District, West Borneo was conducted from October to December 2020. The purpose of this study is to determine the composition and the community structure of copepod in Kakap river estuary, Kubu Raya District, West Borneo. This study used a purposive sampling method at four stations. Copepod samples were taken using plankton net. During the research, the total number of copepods that have been identified from 4 stations are 11 species from 3 orders, 4 families and 8 genera. Copepoda that has been obtained has the composition, namly Cyclopoids 5 species, Harpacticoida 3 species, Calanoida 2 species. The copepod density in Kakap river estuary ranged from 7,9-103,3 Ind / l, the diversity index (H ') ranged from 0 to 1.9, the evenness index (E) ranged from 0 - 0,9 and the dominance index (C) ranged from 0,2 - 1. The result of copepod density correlation analysis is that negatively correlated with -1,000 current parameter and positively correlated with the DO parameter, which is 0,800.
The research of composition and community structure of copepods in Kakap river estuary, Kubu Raya District, West Borneo was conducted from October to December 2020. The purpose of this study is to determine the composition and the community structure of copepod in Kakap river estuary, Kubu Raya District, West Borneo. This study used a purposive sampling method at four stations. Copepod samples were taken using plankton net. During the research, the total number of copepods that have been identified from 4 stations are 11 species from 3 orders, 4 families and 8 genera. Copepoda that has been obtained has the composition, namly Cyclopoids 5 species, Harpacticoida 3 species, Calanoida 2 species. The copepod density in Kakap river estuary ranged from 7,9-103,3 Ind / l, the diversity index (H ') ranged from 0 to 1.9, the evenness index (E) ranged from 0 - 0,9 and the dominance index (C) ranged from 0,2 - 1. The result of copepod density correlation analysis is that negatively correlated with -1,000 current parameter and positively correlated with the DO parameter, which is 0,800.
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Castro, Ivania Janilda da Silvaе, Paulo André de Sousa Coelho, and Elena A. Vanisova. "Diversity and abundance of copepods on the north coast of Angola during hot season 2014-2016." RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety 28, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2310-2020-28-3-285-292.
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The present work is aimed at discovering the diversity and abundance of copepods in the zooplankton community on the north coast of Angola, during the hot season 2014-2016. The samples were collected during the research cruise on board the Norwegian research ship “Dr. Fridtjof Nansen” in February - March on the Congo River and Luanda monitoring lines. Zooplankton sampling was performed using a multinet net in an oblique trawl (2014) and a WP2 net in a vertical trawl (2015 and 2016), both with 180 µm mesh. The samples were fixed in 4% formaldehyde and analyzed in the oceanography laboratory of the National Institute of Fisheries and Maritime Research in Angola. In the three years of sampling, copepods were present in the zooplankton community. The diversity of copepods on the northern Angolan coast, from 2014 to 2016 in the hot season, included 27 genera corresponding to 19 families. The Copepoda class was the most abundant group in the zooplankton community, corresponding to more than 80% of the abundance, having been represented by the orders Calanoida, Cyclopoida and Harpacticoida.
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Gutiérrez-Aguirre, M. A., and A. Cervantes-Martínez. "Diversity of freshwater copepods (Maxillopoda: Copepoda: Calanoida, Cyclopoida) from Chiapas, Mexico with a description ofMastigodiaptomus suarezmoralesisp. nov." Journal of Natural History 47, no. 5-12 (March 2013): 479–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.742587.
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Reeves, Will K. "Checklist of copepods (Crustacea: Calanoida, Cyclopoida, Harpacticoida) from Wyoming, USA, with new state records." Check List 11, no. 5 (October 8, 2015): 1764. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/11.5.1764.
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I present a comprehensive checklist of the copepod fauna of Wyoming, USA with 41 species of copepods; based on museum specimens, literature reviews, and active surveillance. Of these species 19 were previously unknown from the state. This checklist includes species in the families Centropagidae, Cyclopidae, Diaptomidae, Ergasilidae, Laophontidae, Lernaeopodidae, and Lernaeidae.
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Caramujo, M. "Characteristics of the reproductive cycles and development times of Copidodiaptomus numidicus (Copepoda: Calanoida) and Acanthocyclops robustus (Copepoda: Cyclopoida)." Journal of Plankton Research 21, no. 9 (September 1, 1999): 1765–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/21.9.1765.
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Sheveleva, N. G., E. A. Misharina, and N. V. Makarkina. "New Data on Distribution and Morphological Characters of Cladocera (Daphniidae Straus, 1820) and Copepoda (Diaptomidae Sars, 1903, Cyclopidae Dana, 1846) in Lake Baikal." Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Biology. Ecology 31 (2020): 76–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2073-3372.2020.31.76.
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The species diversity of the superclass Crustacea only in Lake Baikal has 58 species of the superorder Cladocera and 52 species and subspecies from the subclass Соpepoda, 5 of them belong to the order Calanoida and 47 to the order Cyclopoida. Species that inhabit the waters of Olkhon Island are not included in this list. On the island there are temporary and permanent reservoirs, which by the chemical composition of the water are fresh or brackish. The species diversity of the island crustaceans includes 28 species, of which only 64 % are known for Baikal. This article gives a brief description of the morphology of rare and small species from the family Daphniidae: Ceriodaphnia megops Sars 1985; Diaptomidae: Arctodiaptomus (A.) wierzejskii (Richard, 1888) and Cyclopidae: Eucyclops arcanus Alekseev, 1990. The first two species were found in Lake Baikal, the third species – on Olkhon Island. Morphological analysis of the species was performed by means of a scanning electron microscope (SEM). A detailed description of the morphological features of C. megops, A. (A.) wierzejskii female and male, and E. arcanus female with illustrations is presented. Data on diaptomus and cyclopoid mouth appendages, tables with biometrical parameters of a cyclopoid are provided. Images of cyclopoid Р1–Р4 coxopodite and basal exopodite segment are shown for the first time. C. megops and A. (A.) wierzeskii crustaceans are rare species in the water bodies of the south of Central Asia, including Mongolia. A. (A.) wierzeskii population is the first finding in the water bodies of the south of Eastern Siberia and Baikal.
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Lopez, Mark Louie D., and Rey Donne S. Papa. "Diversity and distribution of copepods (Class: Maxillopoda, Subclass: Copepoda) in groundwater habitats across South-East Asia." Marine and Freshwater Research 71, no. 3 (2020): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf19044.
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Copepods have successfully penetrated the groundwater realm through a series of morphological diversifications and adaptations. Research on this taxon has increased over the past decade because of its potential in revealing the status of groundwater environmental health and biodiversity. Despite efforts in documenting this group in other regions, groundwater copepods in South-East Asia remain barely studied. To date, only 47 species belonging to 22 genera from Harpacticoida, Cyclopoida and Calanoida have been documented from groundwater and groundwater-dependent habitats across the region. The steep species accumulation curve from 1980 up to the present indicates a high possibility of discovering more new species. Spatial distribution shows high local endemicity than regional scales, where some species considered to be rare and endemic were actually common in local habitats. Overall, the low number of records in the region is because of the lack of experts and limited accessibility to groundwater and dependent ecosystems, like aquifers and groundwater wells. A more intensive effort in documenting the diversity and distribution of groundwater copepods and building collaborations between experts in the region is highly needed. This information is important in drafting future conservation and management policies for the groundwater resources in the region.
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CARRASCO, N., I. LÓPEZ-FLORES, M. ALCARAZ, M. D. FURONES, F. C. J. BERTHE, and I. ARZUL. "Dynamics of the parasite Marteilia refringens (Paramyxea) in Mytilus galloprovincialis and zooplankton populations in Alfacs Bay (Catalonia, Spain)." Parasitology 134, no. 11 (July 11, 2007): 1541–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182007003009.
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SUMMARYSince the first description of Marteilia refringens (Paramyxea) in flat oysters Ostrea edulis in 1968 in the Aber Wrach, Brittany (France), the life-cycle of this parasite has remained unknown. However, recent studies, conducted in the ‘claire’ system, have proposed the planktonic copepod Acartia grani as a potential intermediate host for the parasite. Nevertheless, experimental transmission of the parasite through the copepod has failed. Recent studies in this field have reported the presence of the parasite in zooplankton from the bays of the Delta de l'Ebre, a more complex and natural estuarine environment than that of the claire. As a result, 2 new Marteilia host species were proposed: the copepods Oithona sp. (Cyclopoida) and an indeterminate Harpaticoida. Consequently, the objective of the present work was to study the dynamics of Marteilia in the zooplankton community from one of the bays, Alfacs Bay, as well as the dynamics of the parasite in cultivated mussels during 1 complete year. Six different zooplankton taxa appeared to be parasitized by M. refringens, including copepods (3 Calanoida, Acartia discaudata, A. clausi and A. italica; 1 Cyclopoida, Oithona sp.; and 1 Harpacticoida, Euterpina acutifrons), and larval stages of decapod crustaceans (zoea larvae of Brachyura, probably Portumnus sp.). These taxa are thus proposed as new subjects for study, since they could be intermediate hosts in the infection process of mussels by Marteilia.
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Abed, A. El. "NOUVELLES INFORMATIONS SUR LES COPEPODES CALANOIDES ET CYCLOPOIDES DES EAUX CONTINENTALES TUNISIENNES." Crustaceana 72, no. 2 (1999): 157–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854099503258.
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AbstractDuring the period 1992-1996, eighteen species of Copepoda Cyclopoida and Calanoida have been recorded in Tunisian continental water samples from 56 localities. Six species were noticed for the first time in Tunisia, three of which are new records for northern Africa. Two species represent Ethiopian elements (Paradiaptomus greeni (Gurney, 1906) and Thermocyclops tchadensis Dussart & Gras, 1966) and there is one oriental species (Apocyclops royi (Lindberg, 1940)) while Eucyclops serrulatus (Fischer, 1851) and Megacyclops gigas (Claus, 1857) are cosmopolitan, and Halicyclops neglectus Kiefer, 1935 is rather palaearctic. The majority of cyclopoid and calanoid copepods has been taken in "oueds" (both temporary and permanent waters). In Tunisian continental waters, about ten species were found in each climatic area, though there are some species particular to humid and sub-humid areas (Copidodiaptomus numidicus (Gurney, 1909) and Arctodiaptomus wierzejskii (Richard, 1888)) in northern Tunisia. Calanipeda aquaedulcis (Kritschagin, 1873) and Metacyclops minutus (Claus, 1863) occur especially in semi-arid areas. M. minutus (Claus, 1863) and Metadiaptomus chevreuxi (De Guerne & Richard, 1889) were found in the arid areas, particularly in central Tunisia. Durant la periode 1992-1996, 18 especes de copepodes (Cyclopo des et Calano des) ont ete recoltees dans les eaux continentales tunisiennes. Cet inventaire fait etat de six especes qui sont nouvelles pour la Tunisie: Paradiaptomus greeni (Gurney, 1906), Thermocyclops tchadensis Dussart & Gras, 1966, Apocyclops royi Lindberg, 1940, Halicyclops neglectus Kiefer, 1935, Eucyclops serrulatus (Fischer, 1851) et Megacyclops gigas (Claus, 1857). Parmi ces especes, les trois premieres sont nouvelles pour l'Afrique du Nord. Les especes P. greeni et T. tchadensis sont deux elements ethiopiens, A. royi est une espece jusqu'alors seulement connue d'Asie (Inde, Chine). H. neglectus est une espece palearctique alors que M. gigas et E. serrulatus sont cosmopolites. Dans les eaux continentales tunisiennes, l'etude de la repartition des Copepodes Cyclopo des et Calano des en fonction des zones climatiques precedemment etablies conduisent aux resultats suivants: Copidodiaptomus numidicus (Gurney, 1909) et Arctodiaptomus wierzejskii (Richard, 1888) sont caracteristiques de la region humide a sub-humide, Calanipeda aquaedulcis (Kritschagin, 1873) et Metacyclops minutus (Claus, 1863) sont les elements principaux de la region semi-aride. M. minutus ainsi que Metadiaptomus chevreuxi (De Guerne & Richard, 1889) sont des especes plutot caracteristiques des regions arides du centre de la Tunisie.
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Dela Paz, Erica Silk P., Mark Louie D. Lopez, Christian Irvin Harvey A. David, Dave Ryan A. Dela Cruz, Gian Alfonso A. Viernes, Jac Fritgerald Wong, and Rey Donne S. Papa. "Freshwater microcrustaceans (Cladocera: Anomopoda and Ctenopoda, Copepoda: Cyclopoida and Calanoida) in the highly urbanized Metropolitan Manila area (Luzon, Philippines)." Check List 14, no. 5 (September 14, 2018): 751–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/14.5.751.
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Despite the increasing interest in studying Cladocera and Copepoda in Philippine freshwaters, there is a need to update our knowledge on its taxonomy and distribution in highly urbanized areas, such as Metropolitan Manila. This paper presents an updated listing of freshwater microcrustaceans and their distribution in Metropolitan Manila, considering the continued deterioration of water quality and increased urbanization in many areas since the last comprehensive study on these taxa in 1950s. We collected water samples from 33 freshwater sites in Metropolitan Manila and 23 of which were found to contain microcrustacean zooplankton. A total of 13 species were identified including two new locality records for C. cornuta and D. dubium in Pasig River. All 8 cladocerans, we identified have already recorded in previous studies while 3 cyclopoid copepods are new records for Metropolitan Manila. Furthermore, 16% of all known freshwater microcrustacean zooplankton species in the Philippines are found in Metropolitan Manila, including the Luzon-endemic Filipinodiaptomus insulanus collected from man-made reservoirs in less-disturbed habitats (an urban wildlife park, golf course and eco-park). Other identified species such as Thermocyclops taihokuensis may serve as indicator for high levels of nutrient. These results point to the importance of monitoring urban aquatic biodiversity for their potential in determining aquatic ecosystem health and of maintaining urban aquatic sanctuaries which may serve as alternative habitat for flora and fauna in rapidly developing urban centers such as Metropolitan Manila.
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Boxshall, Geoffrey A., and Rony Huys. "The ontogeny and phylogeny of copepod antennules." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 353, no. 1369 (May 29, 1998): 765–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1998.0242.
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Comparative analysis of the development of antennulary segmentation and setation patterns across six orders of copepods revealed numerous common features. These features are combined to produce a hypothetical general model for antennulary development in the Copepoda as a whole. In this model most compound segments result from the failure of expression of articulations separating ancestral segments. In adult males, however, compound segments either side of the neocopepodan geniculation are typically formed by secondary fusion at the last moult from CoV (stage 5). The array of segments distal to the articulation separating segments XX and XXI is highly conserved both in ontogeny and phylogeny: typically the distal segmentation of the adult female is already present in the CoI. A maximum of three setae is added to the distal array during the entire copepodid phase. This morphological conservatism is interpreted as evidence of the functional continuity of the distal setal array as a mechanosensory system providing early warning of approaching predators. Sexual dimorphism typically appears late in development; the male undergoing modifications especially at the final moult to sexual maturity. These modifications include the formation of the neocopepodan geniculation at the XX to XXI articulation and, in some orders, the formation of a proximal geniculation at the XV to XVI articulation. A proximal geniculation is reported here from the Calanoida for the first time. The geniculations allow the male to grasp the female during any mate guarding and during spermatophore transfer. Particular setae on segments either side of the neocopepodan geniculation are modified as basally fused spines in at least some representatives of the Calanoida, Misophrioida, Cyclopoida, Harpacticoida and Siphonostomatoida. The antennulary chemosensory system, comprising primarily the aesthetascs, is enhanced at the final moult in many male copepods. In planktonic copepods this enhancement may take the form of a doubling of the aesthetascs on almost every antennulary segment, as in the eucalanid calanoids, or of an increase in size of existing aesthetascs, as in the siphonostomatoid Pontoeciella , or of the transformation of possibly originally bimodal, seta–like elements into distally thin–walled, more aesthetasc–like elements, as in some calanoids, harpacticoids and poecilostomatoids. Enhancement of the chemosensory capacity of adult males appears to be linked with their mate–locating role. Copepods inhabiting the open–pelagic water column are more likely to exhibit enhancement of the chemosensory system than neritic or benthic forms. Enhancement may confer a greater sensitivity to chemosensory signals, such as pheromones produced by receptive females, which may retain their directional information at lower concentrations and, therefore, for longer periods, in oceanic waters than in more turbulent neritic waters. Aesthetascs appear to be more evolutionarily labile than other setation elements, apparently being lost and regained within well–defined lineages. Caution is urged in the use of aesthetasc patterns in phylogenetic analysis. The ontogenetic analyses suggest that the timing of expression of intersegmental articulations during development may in future provide the most informative characters for phylogenetic study, rather than either segment numbers or the patterns of fused or undivided segments.
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Litvinchuk, L. F. "Zooplankton of mountain and lowland waterbodies of Northwestern India." Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 322, no. 1 (March 23, 2018): 66–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2018.322.1.66.
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In 2013–2015, 9 waterbodies situated in mountain and lowland regions of Northwestern India were studied. 46 species of zooplankton organisms were revealed, among them 18 Rotifera species, 20 Cladocera, 8 Copepoda, and 1 species of Anostraca. For this part of India, it was the first time detected 8 Rotifera species, 5 Cladocera, and 2 Copepoda. Cosmopolites and Paleotropic species were registered in all waterbodies studied in the Himalayans and lowland India. Palearctic and Holarctic species — in the Himalayans only. Tropic species were found in lowland India only. Species number and zooplankton species diversity index were low. Zooplankton density was relatively high in one from four mountain lakes and in all lowland waterbodies (99–487 thousands ind./m3). Zooplankton biomass was low (0.04–8.00 g/m3) in both mountain and lowland lakes, in exception two lowland lakes with wind onset and overwintering place for large birds. Rotifera dominated by biomass only in mountain region. Cladocera predominated in zooplankton density and biomass in majority of studied waterbodies. This group was represented by coastal and macrophyte forms which are usual for shallow waterbodies. Copepoda were abundant in five studied waterbodies and basically were represented by Cyclopoida. Calanoida group (Diaptomidae) was revealed in only one lowland lake located in a desert. Macrofiltrators represented the main part of zooplankton trophic structure. Microphages and predators subdominated in zooplankton communities.
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TERNJEJ, IVANČICA, and IGOR STANKOVIĆ. "Checklist of fresh and brackish water free-living copepods (Crustacea: Calanoida and Cyclopoida) from Croatia." Zootaxa 1585, no. 1 (September 14, 2007): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1585.1.2.
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A checklist of Croatian copepods (97 cyclopoid and calanoid species and subspecies), which includes information related to the region in which the species were found, is presented. In addition, a discussion related to the species included and excluded from the list is provided.
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Wang, Yanqun, Boyuan Wang, Ze Xue, and Liyan Zhu. "Alteration of Feeding and Filtering Rates of Two Species of Marine Copepods Exposed to Different pH Levels." Aquatic Science and Technology 7, no. 2 (May 20, 2019): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ast.v7i2.14738.
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Impacts of different pH levels on different species of marine copepods, Calanoida copepod Schmackeria poplesia and Cyclopoida copepod Oithona similis were evaluated, and the alteration of key physiological processes of feeding and filtering were comparatively studies under controlled lab conditions. The optimal pH for O.similis and S.poplesia was 9.0 and 8.0 respectively, and they performed differently when exposed to different pH levels. For S. poplesia., the feeding and filtering rates increased steadily with the increment of pH at the range of 6.0~8.0, and reached the peak at pH 8.0. However, the rates decreased when pH was above 9.0. O.similis seemed more adaptive to the change of pH, and the increment was found in feeding and filtering rates at a range of 6.0~8.0. The maximus appeared at pH 9.0. compared to the other pH levels, the acidifying level of pH 6.0 presented the most obviously inhibition on feeding and filtering. Results in the present study would shed light on establishing the optimum culturing conditions for the cultivation of marine copepod.
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CARDOSO, Aline Rafaella, Gustavo Laranjeira de Melo SANTOS, Sandro Alves CORRÊA, and Eliana do Amaral GIMENEZ. "LEVANTAMENTO DE ZOOPLÂNCTON EM PISCICULTURA DA ESTÂNCIA TURÍSTICA DE SANTA FÉ DO SUL - SP." REVISTA FUNEC CIENTÍFICA - MULTIDISCIPLINAR - ISSN 2318-5287 5, no. 7 (March 16, 2017): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24980/rfcm.v5i7.2337.
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A piscicultura é uma atividade que vem crescendo no Brasil. Essa prática acarreta o lançamento desenfreado de resíduos e metabólitos diretamente no ambiente, causando impactos ambientais. Os organismos zooplanctônicos tem grande sensibilidade ambiental e respondem a diversos tipos de impactos e, por isso, são usados como bioindicadores de condições boas ou ruins da qualidade da água. O trabalho objetivou inventariar os zooplânctons existentes na Piscicultura Grupo Ambar Amaral em Santa Fé do Sul - SP, e avaliar os possíveis impactos ambientais. As coletas foram realizadas mensalmente, com o auxílio de uma rede de plâncton 68 õm. As amostras obtidas foram anestesiadas e reservadas em garrafas etiquetadas. A identificação dos microrganismos foi realizada sob microscópio óptico utilizando-se chaves específicas. Foram identificados no presente trabalho os seguintes táxons: Tecamebas (Protista), o filo Rotífera foi representado pelos gêneros Philodina, Otostephano, Collotheca, a espécie Mytilina ventralis, e pela família Gastropodidae; dentre os crustáceos, as espécies Diaphanosoma brachyurum, Diaphanosoma birgei e Daphnia gessneri da subclasse Cladocera e as ordens Calanoida e Cyclopoida da subclasse Copepoda. A maior quantidade de indivíduos registrada foi de Copepoda, sendo representados pelas formas juvenis (náuplios e copepoditos) e formas adultas. A análise da comunidade zooplanctônica na piscicultura revelou uma diversidade de espécies para os diferentes grupos taxonômicos.
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Tartarotti, B. "Survivorship of Cyclops abyssorum tatricus (Cyclopoida, Copepoda) and Boeckella gracilipes (Calanoida, Copepoda) under ambient levels of solar UVB radiation in two high-mountain lakes." Journal of Plankton Research 21, no. 3 (March 1, 1999): 549–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/21.3.549.
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Corgosinho, Paulo Henrique Costa, Maria Holynska, Federico Marrone, Luís José de Oliveira Geraldes-Primeiro, Edinaldo Nelson dos Santos-Silva, Gilmar Perbiche-Neves, and Carlos Lopez. "An annotated checklist of freshwater Copepoda (Crustacea, Hexanauplia) from continental Ecuador and the Galapagos Archipelago." ZooKeys 871 (August 12, 2019): 55–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.871.36880.
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An annotated checklist of the free-living freshwater Copepoda recorded in different regions in Ecuador (including the Amazon, the Andes, the coastal region, and the Galapagos Islands) is here provided. We revised all published records, critically evaluated the validity of each taxon and provided short taxonomic and biogeographical remarks for each one. A total of 27 taxa have been reported, including species and records at the generic level only. The species and taxa identified only up to the generic level belong to five families and 14 genera. The Cyclopoida is the most diverse group with 16 records belonging to species (or identified to the generic level only) and eight genera, followed by the Harpacticoida with six species, one identification to the generic level only, and four genera, and Calanoida with four species belonging to two genera. A total of 18 taxa are recorded for the Andes. Six have been recorded in the Amazon, two are recorded for the coastal region, and six for the Galapagos. One species is shared between the Amazon and the Andes. One species is shared between the coastal region and the Amazon. Seventeen are only reported from the Andes and four are only reported from the Amazon. At the current status of the knowledge, any attempt to analyze and generalize distributional patterns of copepods in Ecuador is premature due to the scarcity of available information, and evidently there is an urgent need for more extensive field collections. A few working hypothesis for future studies are identified.
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Karagianni, Aikaterini, Anna Artemiou, Athanassios C. Tsikliras, and Evangelia Michaloudi. "Summer mesozooplankton assemblages in relation to environmental parameters in Kavala Gulf, northern Aegean Sea." Scientia Marina 83, no. 1 (March 26, 2019): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04836.16a.
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Shallow coastal areas are ecosystems with high productivity. Although the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea is oligotrophic, the shallow coastal waters of the northern Aegean, such as Kavala Gulf, are productive due to the influence of the Black Sea water and the presence of freshwater input from three rivers. The aim of this work was to determine the structure of zooplankton communities in Kavala Gulf in the summer of 2002 and 2003 and to investigate their relation to environmental variables. Zooplankton communities were characterized by the presence of common coastal Cladocera, such as Penilia avirostris, small pelagic Copepoda, such as the calanoida Acartia clausi and the cyclopoida Oithona plumifera, and Tunicata, such as Oikopleura, Fritillaria and Doliolidae. The abundances corresponded to the peak of the warm period and were significantly greater in 2002 because of a P. avirostris bloom, which seemed to have better exploited the environmental sources favouring its dominance in the area. Overall, the structure of summer mesozooplankton communities in Kavala Gulf follows the pattern exhibited by mesozooplankton communities in other Greek coastal areas of the northern Aegean Sea.
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Massaro, Fernanda Cristina, Natalia Felix Negreiros, and Odete Rocha. "A search for predators and food selectivity of two native species of Hydra (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Brazil." Biota Neotropica 13, no. 2 (June 2013): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032013000200003.
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The Hydra is the most common representative of freshwater cnidarians. In general, it is found in freshwaters on every continent, with the exception of Antarctica. The aim of the present study is to gather biological and ecological data on aspects of two species of Hydra native to Brazil: Hydra viridissima and Hydra salmacidis. Predation and food selectivity experiments were performed to assess the possible predators and the prey preferences, respectively, of the two species. The results indicate that the two species of Hydra were not consumed by any of the predators that were tested, which are typical predators of invertebrates in freshwater: nymphs of Odonata Anisoptera and the phantom midge larvae of Chaoborus sp. (Insecta), adults of Copepoda Cyclopoida (Crustacea) and the small fish Poecilia reticulata. It was observed that the smaller Hydra, H. viridissima, positively selected the nauplii and copepodites of calanoid copepods and small cladocerans and rejected large prey, such as the adults of calanoid copepods and ostracods. The larger H. salmacidis, besides the nauplii and copepodites of the calanoid copepods and small cladocerans, also positively selected the large adults of the calanoid copepods. It can be concluded that both H. viridissima and H. salmacidis are most likely preyed on little or not preyed on at all in many freshwater bodies, as they are top predators in the food chain. At the same time, they are efficient predators, and a positive relationship was observed between the prey size and the Hydra species size. Food selectivity was related to prey size as well as other prey characteristics, such as carapace thickness and swimming efficiency.
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Kurbatova, S. A., and I. Y. Yershov. "The importance of aquatic plants in maintaining zooplankton diversity and abundance: An experimental approach." Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems 11, no. 4 (November 13, 2020): 531–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/022081.
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The influence of different species and ecological forms of higher aquatic plants on the abundance, biomass and species diversity of zooplankton was investigated in experimental ecosystems (microcosms). It was shown that in the absence of fish and macroinvertebrate predators, the abundance and diversity of zooplankton in the plants beds increased. Not only phytophilous, littoral, and small planktonic crustaceans, but also some large obligate planktonic crustaceans, reached a high abundance among the plants. Plants belonging to different ecological groups stimulated an increase in the abundance of different groups of zooplankton. In the beds of submerged plants, the number of Cladocera increased to a greater extent than Copepoda or Rotifera. The abundance of Copepoda, both Cyclopoida and Calanoida, grew in the beds of helophytes. The relative number of predators in the community increased among the plants. The species structure and quantitative parameters of zooplankton had their own characteristics in monospecies and mixed phytocenoses of the same plant species. The index of species diversity of zooplankton acquired the highest values in the mixed phytocenosis. Higher aquatic plants increase spatial heterogeneity, which stimulates the development of facultative planktonic and benthic species. The formation of phytogenic detritus and the lifetime release of organic substances by plants into the water causes the development of bacteria and protozoa, which expands the quality and size range of food organisms for zooplankton. Therefore, zooplankton becomes more diverse in terms of the set of trophic groups.
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Silva, W. M., and G. Perbiche-Neves. "Trends in freshwater microcrustaceans studies in Brazil between 1990 and 2014." Brazilian Journal of Biology 77, no. 3 (December 1, 2016): 527–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.17915.
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Abstract This study presents a review of scientiometric data about freshwater microcrustaceans (Copepoda, Ostracoda, Branchiopoda: Cladocera, Anostraca, Notostraca and Conchostraca) in Brazil from 1990-2014. This review is based on 179 papers published across four databases, using the following keywords in the search: microcrustaceans, Copepoda, Cyclopoida, Calanoida, Harpacticoida, Ergasilidae, Daphniidae, Moinidae, Cladocera, Ostracoda, Conchostraca, zooplankton, reservoir, river, ponds, reservoirs, wetlands, caves, lakes, limnology, ecology, aquatic, taxonomy, systematics, morphology and biogeography. No studies were identified that addressed freshwater microcrustaceans in four (Amapá, Roraima, Alagoas and Espírito Santo) of the 27 Brazilian Federative States. Forty-five percent of the included studies were concentrated within three of the most populous states (São Paulo, Minas Gerais and Paraná), which also have a long tradition of limnological study. The included studies mostly addressed reservoirs for hydropower generation (22%), multiple environments (22%), rivers (14%) and small artificial reservoirs (11%). Pools, ponds, small lakes, wetlands and phytothelma were not widely studied. Cladocera (48%) and Copepoda (48%) were the most studied groups. No studies were identified that addressed Notostraca, Anostraca or Conchostraca. The sharp increase in the number of published freshwater studies after 2000 is likely a result of increased internet facilities and the implementation of the Scielo platform. Ecology was most frequently the study focus (~50%), followed by taxonomy. Three journals (two Brazilian and one international) accounted for the publication of 44% of the Brazilian studies on microcrustaceans. We expect the frequency of studies employing newer technologies to increase in the coming years. Based on our findings, we propose that future studies should focus on the least well-studied states and should integrate biogeography and systematic approaches. Further data on the fauna within environmental sub-types in Brazil is required.
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Mnisi, Peral, and Susan M. Dippenaar. "A report of the free-living freshwater planktonic copepods from an ephemeral pool in Limpopo Province, South Africa, with the description of Microcyclops raynerae n. sp." Crustaceana 92, no. 5 (May 3, 2019): 555–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685403-00003894.
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Abstract Ephemeral pools are biologically important habitats for species adapted to survive through a dry phase. Unfortunately, these pools have been neglected in studies. Copepods are essential in aquatic habitats mainly because of their importance in the food web. Currently there are only 34 species reported from freshwater habitats in South Africa. This study was conducted in an ephemeral pool (Limpopo Province, South Africa). Qualitative sampling was done monthly (December 2014 to June 2015) using a plankton net and specimens were studied through a light microscope. Seven species were collected, three from Calanoida and four from Cyclopoida, including a new species, Microcyclops raynerae. Seven species represent quite a high biodiversity of copepods from a single pool when compared with similar studies previously done in South Africa. The report of Tropocyclops confinis constitutes a new geographical record from South Africa while all other collected species are new records from the Limpopo Province.
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Casanova, S. M. C., and R. Henry. "Longitudinal distribution of Copepoda populations in the transition zone of Paranapanema river and Jurumirim Reservoir (São Paulo, Brazil) and interchange with two lateral lakes." Brazilian Journal of Biology 64, no. 1 (February 2004): 11–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842004000100003.
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Longitudinal changes in composition, abundance, and distribution of copepods were studied at the transition zone of Paranapanema River-Jurumirim Reservoir (SP, Brazil). The interchange of biotic material between marginal lakes and the river system was also examined. Water samples were obtained from 6 stations along a stretch of 13 km of the Paranapanema River, from an upstream reach with high water velocity up to the river mouth into Jurumirim Reservoir. Two other sites in lateral lakes were also sampled. Nine copepod taxa were identified: 3 calanoids (Argyrodiaptomus furcatus Sars, Notodiaptomus iheringi Wright, and N. conifer Sars) and 6 cyclopoids (Eucyclops Claus, Microcyclops Claus, Mesocyclops longisetus Thiébaud, Thermocyclops decipiens Fischer, T. minutus Lowndes, and Paracyclops Claus). Harpacticoids were also collected. Calanoid and cyclopoid nauplii and copepodids, and harpacticoids were the most abundant organisms. In general, there was a longitudinal decrease in copepod abundance, whereas an increase was detected near the lakes. The abundance of most copepods was inversely correlated with current velocity and suspended solids. Higher abundance was observed in the river main course during the rainy season, during which there is a higher connectivity between the lakes and the main river. This promotes exportation of biologic material from marginal lakes to the river system, a biotic exchange reflecting the importance of marginal lakes to the river community structure.
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HUYS, RONY. "Unresolved cases of type fixation, synonymy and homonymy in harpacticoid copepod nomenclature (Crustacea: Copepoda)." Zootaxa 2183, no. 1 (August 6, 2009): 1–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2183.1.1.
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Type fixation for each of the 601 valid genera (17 placed incertae sedis) and 13 genera of doubtful identity (genera inquirenda) in the Harpacticoida (Crustacea, Copepoda) has been verified. Twenty-four genus-group names published after 1930 lack the mandatory type fixation and are therefore unavailable. With the exception of Kliopsyllus Kunz, 1962 which is replaced by its senior synonym Emertonia Wilson, 1932, such names are made available here by either attributing the original name to the first author(s) who explicitly fixed a type species (Psammastacus Nicholls, 1935; Alteuthellopsis Lang, 1944; Idyellopsis Lang, 1944; Paralaophonte Lang, 1944; Robertgurneya Lang, 1944; Cladorostrata Shen & Tai, 1963; Micropsammis Mielke, 1975; and the subgenera Rheocamptus Borutzky, 1948 and Scottopsyllus Kunz, 1962;) or by adopting the name taking the present authorship and date (Paranannopus Lang, 1936a; Paraidya Sewell, 1940; Apodopsyllus Kunz, 1962; Scottolana Por, 1967; Barbaracletodes Becker, 1979; Ameiropsyllus Bodin, 1979; Chilaophonte Mielke, 1985; Psammonitocrella Rouch, 1992; Tectacingulum Harris, 1994; and the subgenera Intermedopsyllus Kunz, 1962 (corrected spelling Intermediopsyllus) and Fiersiella Suárez Morales & Iliffe, 2005). In two cases a ruling by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature will be required to avoid upsetting a long-accepted name in its accustomed meaning (Halectinosoma Lang, 1944; Heterolaophonte Lang, 1944). The recently proposed generic name Pilocamptus Wells, 2007 does not satisfy the provisions of ICZN Art. 13.1 and is here made available by explicit citation of a bibliographic reference that provides a diagnosis purported to differentiate the taxon. Rhizothrix Brady & Robertson, 1876 is an unavailable name which was first made available by Sars (1909a). The unavailable generic name Scottopsyllus Kunz, 1962 has no potentially valid synonym and is replaced by the next oldest available name from among its subgenera, i.e. Wellsopsyllus Kunz, 1981 (ICZN Art. 23.3.5). The unavailable subgeneric name Psyllocamptus (Langpsyllocamptus) Kunz, 1975b is not reinstated because it denotes a taxon that is based exclusively on plesiomorphies. New replacement names have been proposed for preoccupied generic names in the harpacticoid families Canthocamptidae (Poria Lang, 1965; Dahlakia Por, 1986a), Dactylopusiidae (Sewellia Lang, 1965), and Leptopontiidae (Ichnusella Cottarelli, 1971). The preoccupied generic name Anoplosoma Sars, 1911c (family Ameiridae) is replaced by a previously proposed, but subsequently forgotten, replacement name, Anoplosomella Strand, 1929. Nomina nova are also suggested for Parathalassius Dussart, 1986 (Calanoida: Centropagidae) and Berea Yamaguti, 1963 (Cyclopoida: Chondracanthidae) which have entered into homonymy with previously established names. The junior synonym Alteutha Baird, 1846b is considered valid, taking precedence as a nomen protectum over the older names Sterope Goodsir, 1845 and Carillus Goodsir, 1845 (nomina oblita). Similar reversal of precedence applies to the family-group names Peltidiidae Claus, 1860 and Tisbidae Stebbing, 1910 which are junior subjective synonyms of Steropinae Dana, 1854 and Scutellidiinae Claus, 1889, respectively. Since the type of Idomene Philippi, 1843 is identified as a member of the Clausidiidae (Cyclopoida), the generic name Xouthous Thomson, 1883 is reinstated to accommodate all remaining species currently placed in Idomene. The forgotten copepod genus Microchelonia Brady, 1918 is placed in the family Laophontidae and considered a senior subjective synonym of Namakosiramia Ho & Perkins, 1977. The family-group name Pontostratiotidae A. Scott, 1909 (type: Pontostratiotes Brady, 1883) is a senior subjective synonym of Cerviniopseinae Brotskaya, 1963 (type: Cerviniopsis Sars, 1903) and the former is consequently reinstated at the subfamilial level. The family-group name Huntemanniidae Por, 1986a (type: Huntemannia Poppe, 1884) is a junior subjective synonym of Nannopinae Brady, 1880a (type: Nannopus Brady, 1880a) and the latter is reinstated as the valid name at family rank and with the spelling corrected to Nannopodidae. The family-name Paranannopinae Por, 1986a is a nomen nudum based on an unavailable generic name and is replaced by Danielsseniinae Huys & Gee in Huys et al., 1996. Four orphaned taxonomic groupings created by the removal of the type species – but not of the remaining species included in a genus – require an existing (previously invalid) or new generic name. Amphiascus Sars, 1905a is a senior objective synonym of Paramphiascopsis Lang, 1944 and must be restricted to the species currently included in the latter; a new genus Sarsamphiascus (type: Dactylopus minutus Claus, 1863) is proposed to receive all remaining Amphiascus species. The new generic names Monardius gen. nov. and Glabrotelson gen. nov. are proposed for the orphaned taxonomic groupings resulting from the removal of the types of Teissierella Monard, 1935a to Robertsonia Brady, 1880a, and of Hastigerella Nicholls, 1935 to Arenosetella Wilson, 1932, respectively. Leptomesochra Sars, 1911b is a senior subjective synonym of Interleptomesochra Lang, 1965 and must be restricted to the latter’s taxonomic concept; the previously unavailable generic name Leptameira Lang, 1936d is reinstated under the present authorship and date to assemble all remaining Leptomesochra species.
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Kasyan, V. V. "Spatial and temporal changes of species composition and population density of copepods (Crustacea: Copepoda) in the Far Eastern Marine Reserve (Sea of Japan)." Marine Biological Journal 2, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2017.02.1.05.
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In Russia the Far East Marine Reserve (FEMR) is the Federal Nature Reserve with the richest but insufficiently studied biodiversity. Spatiotemporal variations in the zooplankton dwelling in the area were sporadically observed over 20 years ago. The recent investigation focused on the species composition, population density and distribution of copepods – the basic member of zooplankton in FEMR. Samples of plankton were taken from 10 stations above the 50-m isobath monthly during June – September 2012, the months when temperature in the seawater area varies widest. The Calanoida and Cyclopoida copepods were represented by 17 and by 4 species, respectively; 21 species altogether. Genera Acartia and Oithona had larger diversity – by 4 species each. Marine species dominated in the samples (80 % of the total species number), neritic – in the biotope (58 %). The copepods were boreal (55 %) and tropical + subtropical (45 %). Species number increased to 16 in June and dropped to 5 in September. Oithona similis and Pseudocalanus newmani dominated during June – July, Paracalanus parvus, Oithona brevicornis and O. similis – in August, and P. parvus and O. brevicornis – in September. The abundance and diversity decreased in all areas of the reserve from June to September. In June, when the cold-water O. similis, P. newmani, Acartia hudsonica и Eurytemora pacifica prevailed, the average population density (20959±3007 ind.·m-3) maximally increased and in September it was minimal. Concentrations of copepods were largest (to 36 thousand ind.·m-3) above the 10-m depth in the Gulf of Posyet (western FEMR) in June. Cluster analysis applied to the total seawater area of the reserve evaluated Bray – Curtis coefficient as 60 %; three plankton copepod complexes were determined, species composition in each formed under the influence of the water mass. The complexes from the west and the east of FEMR had larger species richness and population density. In the shallow-water western complex high densities of brackish-water copepods (genera Acartia, Eurytemora, Centropages, Tortanus and Pseudodiaptomus) suggested presence of estuarine and coastal waters whereas tropical and subtropical O. nana, Mesocalanus tenuicornis, Pseudodiatomus inopinus – warm-water intrusion from the East Korea current. The concurrent presence of cold- and warm-water copepods in the deep-water eastern complex in summer evidenced the water stratification effect when cold water from the Sea of Japan dominated in the depth and its warmer modification – in the upper seawater layer. The diversity and density were poorest in the southern complex, largely of Panthalassa and neritic copepods. In summer, large presence of cold-water copepods O. similis and P. newmani indicated the cold-water mass penetration to near-bottom layer; numbers estimates of these copepods can represent the degree of the cold-water effect in the south of the reserve. The copepod distribution, stable abundance and diversity in the seawater area south of FEMR suggested desalination by the river influx and, possibly, harmful impact of pollutants. Species composition and quantitative characteristics of copepods can be used for environmental quality determination in different areas of FEMR.
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Ceyhan, Tevfik, Okan Akyol, T. Murat Sever, and Ali Kara. "Diet composition of adult twaite shad (Alosa fallax) in the Aegean Sea (Izmir Bay, Turkey)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 92, no. 3 (June 9, 2011): 601–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315411000750.
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Specimens of twaite shad, Alosa fallax were sampled from commercial purse seiners and trammel netters in Izmir Bay during November and December 2007. A total of 287 prey items from 14 taxa from 208 stomachs were recorded. The primary food of twaite shad was found to be fish, especially anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus, which was the most frequent (%F = 66.11) and abundant (%N = 63.64) prey item, and also had the highest percentage by weight (%W = 81.91). Decapoda, Isopoda, Ostracoda and Copepoda (Calanus spp., Candocia armata, Temora stylifera from Calanoida and Corycaeus spp. from Cyclopodia), were recorded occasionally with low values for all indices. The study showed that in the Aegean Sea Alosa fallax is a predator of small pelagic fish, E. encrasicolus, A. boyeri, S. pilchardus, and some crustaceans. Benthopelagic P. acarne and demersal S. hepatus were first recorded in diet of twaite shad.
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Lischka, Silke, and Wilhelm Hagen. "Seasonal lipid dynamics of the copepods Pseudocalanus minutus (Calanoida) and Oithona similis (Cyclopoida) in the Arctic Kongsfjorden (Svalbard)." Marine Biology 150, no. 3 (June 23, 2006): 443–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-006-0359-4.
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Lischka, Silke, and Wilhelm Hagen. "Life histories of the copepods Pseudocalanus minutus, P. acuspes (Calanoida) and Oithona similis (Cyclopoida) in the Arctic Kongsfjorden (Svalbard)." Polar Biology 28, no. 12 (July 12, 2005): 910–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-005-0017-1.
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Cordell, Jeffery R., Stephen M. Bollens, Robyn Draheim, and Mark Sytsma. "Asian copepods on the move: recent invasions in the Columbia–Snake River system, USA." ICES Journal of Marine Science 65, no. 5 (February 1, 2008): 753–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsm195.
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Abstract Cordell, J. R., Bollens, S. M., Draheim, R., and Sytsma, M. 2008. Asian copepods on the move: recent invasions in the Columbia–Snake River system, USA. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 753–758. Nine Asian copepod species have been introduced into the Northeast Pacific, seven of which are largely confined to the San Francisco estuary. However, several of these copepods recently invaded the Columbia–Snake River system in Washington state, USA. In addition to the calanoid copepod Pseudodiaptomus inopinus, which appeared in the 1980s, the Columbia River now has populations of the calanoids Pseudodiaptomus forbesi and Sinocalanus doerrii, and the cyclopoid copepod Limnoithona tetraspina. Sampling in the Columbia–Snake River system in 2005 and 2006 indicated that (i) newer invaders may have displaced the previously introduced P. inopinus; (ii) P. forbesi had moved upstream into the first five reservoirs in the system; (iii) the other species occurred only in the tidal regions of the lower river; (iv) P. forbesi dominates the late summer holoplankton in the lower river and estuary; and (v) P. forbesi is relatively rare, and the holoplankton is dominated by native species in upstream free-flowing segments of the Columbia River and in reservoirs of the Snake River. Zooplankton samples from ships in Puget Sound suggest that ballast water from California is a major source of the introduced copepods and that the Columbia River itself may be a new source of ballast-introduced copepods.
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Peck, Stewart B. "Diversity and zoogeography of the non-oceanic Crustacea of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador (excluding terrestrial Isopoda)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 72, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 54–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z94-009.
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Fifty-three species of adult crustaceans (excluding Isopoda) are now known from a diversity of non-oceanic habitats on the Galápagos Islands. These include hypersaline, brackish, and fresh coastal and inland surface waters, anchialine subterranean waters, and terrestrial habitats above the high-tide line such as supralittoral beach wrack and upland leaf litter. The faunal assemblage is physiologically defined by evolving away from the ancestral marine environment, before or after reaching the Galápagos Islands. It is taxonomically diverse and includes Notostraca, Conchostraca, Anostraca, Ostracoda (Myodocopa and Podocopa), Copepoda (Calanoida and Cyclopoida), Tanaidacea, Amphipoda, and Decapoda (Caridea, Anomura, and Brachyura). All members of the fauna (or their progenitors) have dispersed across an oceanic gap of at least 1000 km and have colonized the archipelago by three principal methods: (1) as swimming pelagic larvae or adults that dispersed passively by being carried through the sea; (2) through passive transport of nonswimming forms by rafting in or on floating debris on the sea surface; and (3) through passive biological transport of propagules by birds or insects. There is no direct evidence for the aerial (wind) transport of desiccation-resistant dormant stages such as eggs, but it is possible that this has occurred. Twenty-eight species are native and 25 are endemic. The supralittoral species and those in both temporary and permanent surface waters are generally native and widespread in the Americas. Three amphipod genera and one crab genus are endemic. Subterranean (anchialine) waters contain a high percentage of (often eyeless) endemics. The largest evolutionary shift is represented by an upland terrestrial amphipod that has evolved in situ from an ancestral supralittoral species.
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Wang, Guizhong, Jie Xu, Qilong Jia, Chaoshu Zeng, Lisheng Wu, and Dingxun Wu. "Effects of microalgae as diets on the survival, development and fecundity of a pelagic cyclopoid copepod Apocyclops borneoensis." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 97, no. 6 (June 14, 2016): 1251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315416000692.
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It has been proposed that the feeding habit of cyclopoids is different from that of calanoid copepods in that they feed mainly on microalgae during early development but become carnivorous later. However, a different view also exists, believing that microalgae are the prime food for some cyclopoid copepods. In the present study, microalgae from various taxonomic groups, including a dinoflagellate (Prorocentrum micans), three diatoms (Chaetoceros muelleri, Skeletonema costatum and Nitzschia closterium f. minutissima), and a prymnesiod (Isochrysis galbana), were offered at different concentrations to the cyclopoid copepod, Apocyclops borneoensis, with survival, development and reproduction of the copepod closely monitored. The results showed that A. borneoensis is capable of utilizing any of the microalgae species tested for development and reproduction, but significant differences in survival, development rates of both nauplii and copepodites, and fecundity were detected among species. The results also showed that within a same algal species, food concentration also significantly affected various biological parameters measured. Overall, C. muelleri and I. galbana were the better diets for A. borneoensis and their optimal food concentration ranged from 8.50 to 17.00 µg C ml−1. The optimal food concentration of P. micans was also found to be 8.50–17.00 µg C ml−1, however for the other two algae, S. costatum and N. closterium f. minutissima, it was lower at 1.70–8.50 µg C ml−1. The present study provides novel information on the feeding habit of A. borneoensis and the effects of both quality and quantity of microalgae diets on a range of biological parameters are described.
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Di Mauro, Rosana, Fabiana Capitanio, and María Delia Viñas. "Capture efficiency for small dominant mesozooplankters (Copepoda, Appendicularia) off Buenos Aires Province (34ºS-41ºS), Argentine Sea, using two plankton mesh sizes." Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 57, no. 3 (September 2009): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-87592009000300004.
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Two plankton mesh sizes of 67 µm and 220 µm were compared to evaluate their efficiency in the capture of the smallest copepods and appendicularians present in the Buenos Aires coastal area (Argentine Sea). A total of 12 copepod species and one appendicularian species were recorded in this study. The copepods were separated into 4 groups: harpacticoids, cyclopoids, small calanoids and large calanoids and their developmental stages. Among the cyclopoids, Oithona nana was the most abundant species, being 96.29 % underestimated by the 220 µm mesh, whereas Microsetella norvegica dominated the harpacticoids and was captured exclusively by the smaller mesh. Similar results were found for copepodites I-III of small calanoids, whose net sampled underestimation reached 99.70%. On the other hand, no significant difference between meshes was found for adults and copepodites IV-V of small calanoids or any of the developmental stages of large calanoids. A great loss of biomass was observed for O. nana when applying the larger mesh. In regards to the appendicularian Oikopleura dioica, all size ranges below 1,000 µm length were better estimated by the 67 µm mesh in terms of abundance and biomass. Our results clearly show that the 67 µm mesh was more efficient in the capture of early stages of small copepods thus providing a more accurate estimation of the fish larvae prey field.
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Imoobe, T. O. T., and M. L. Adeyinka. "Zooplankton-based assessment of the trophic state of a tropical forest river in Nigeria." Archives of Biological Sciences 61, no. 4 (2009): 733–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs0904733i.
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In this study, we explore the usefulness of zooplankton as a tool for assessing the trophic status of a Nigerian forest river. The river was sampled monthly and investigated for water physico-chemistry and zooplankton community structure using basic statistical measurement of diversity indices to characterize the zooplankton fauna. The trophic sta?tus of the river evaluated from its physico-chemical parameters indicates that the river is oligotrophic. The zooplankton composition was typical of a tropical freshwater river, with a total of 40 species, made up of 16 rotifers, 12 cladocerans, and 12 copepods and their developing stages in the following order of dominance: Rotifera > Cladocera > Cyclopoida > Calanoida. There were strong correlations between the lake's trophic status and its zooplankton communities. The zoo?plankton community was dominated by numerous species of rotifers and crustaceans, which are typical of oligotrophic to mesotrophic systems, such species including Conochilus dossuarius and Synchaeta longipes. However, the most dominant zooplankton species in West African freshwater ecosystems, viz., Keratella tropica, Keratella quadrata, Brachionus angularis, Trichocerca pusilla, Filinia longiseta, Pompholyx sulcata, and Proales sp., and others that are indicator species of high trophic levels, were not recorded in the river. The river is very clear and can be used for all manner of recreational activities.
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Mitsuka, Patricia Maria, and Raoul Henry. "The fate of copepod populations in the Paranapanema River (São Paulo, Brazil), downstream from the Jurumirim dam." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 45, no. 4 (December 2002): 479–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132002000600012.
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The longitudinal changes in the structure of copepod populations were examined during the dry and rainy seasons in a 42 km stretch of the Paranapanema River downstream from the dam of the Jurumirim Reservoir. Samples were taken in the "lacustrine" zone of the reservoir near the dam, and also at 12 stations distributed in the middle and the lateral regions of the channel of the Paranapanema River downstream from the dam. The following species of Cyclopoida were found at the sites: Thermocyclops decipiens, Thermocyclops minutus, Paracyclops sp., Tropocyclops sp and Mesocyclops sp., and of Calanoida: Argyrodiaptomus furcatus, Notodiaptomus iheringi and Notodiaptomus conifer. In the reservoir sampling station, the copepod abundance during the dry and rainy seasons corresponded to 41 and 51% of the total zooplankton, respectively. This difference could be related to the rainfall and water level variations, and especially to the influence of variables such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll-a contents. No significant differences in organism numbers were recorded among samples of zooplankton taken in the middle and near-bank parts of the river. In relation to longitudinal variation in the Paranapanema River stretch, a significant decrease in density and disappearance of some species were recorded 11km downstream of the dam during the dry season. At the stations 32km from the dam, a drastic reduction in copepod abundance was observed in the rainy season. These observations could be linked not only to environmental changes from lentic to lotic conditions, but also to the combination of certain factors such as current velocity, water outflow of the reservoir, and rainfall.
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Lischka, Silke, Luis Giménez, Wilhelm Hagen, and Bernd Ueberschär. "Seasonal changes in digestive enzyme (trypsin) activity of the copepods Pseudocalanus minutus (Calanoida) and Oithona similis (Cyclopoida) in the Arctic Kongsfjorden (Svalbard)." Polar Biology 30, no. 10 (June 6, 2007): 1331–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-007-0294-y.
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Bridgeman, Thomas B., Gretchen Messick, and Henry A. Vanderploeg. "Sudden appearance of cysts and ellobiopsid parasites on zooplankton in a Michigan lake: a potential explanation of tumor-like anomalies." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57, no. 8 (August 1, 2000): 1539–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f00-120.
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Cysts on calanoid and cyclopoid copepods, previously reported as tumor-like anomalies (TLAs) in Lake Michigan and Europe, appeared briefly in Patterson Lake, a small Michigan inland lake. Cysts were rare (4% maximum) in samples collected on September 11, 1999, but appeared with high frequency on calanoid adults (49%) and cyclopoid nauplii (73%) in samples collected on October 16. By October 30, cysts were again rare (0.4% maximum). Cysts most commonly appeared on the lateral surface of the animal at the articulation of the 1st and 2nd prosomal segments and often consisted of herniated copepod tissues. Transparent, pyriform cysts co-occurred in low frequency with other types of cysts and are believed to be the trophomeres and gonomeres of ellobiopsid parasites. Histologic manifestations of cysts were diverse; herniations consisted of acellular yolk-like material and apparent host tissue, while cysts thought to be Ellobiopsis contained cells with different degrees of nuclear staining and unusual spherical bodies. Hernias were experimentally induced on live calanoid copepods by piercing the carapace with a fine needle, suggesting that ellobiopsid parasites may cause the hernias by puncturing the carapace of their hosts. Ellobiopsid parasites are common on marine crustacean zooplankton but have been recorded only once before in freshwater.
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Sendacz, S., S. Caleffi, and J. Santos-Soares. "Zooplankton biomass of reservoirs in different trophic conditions in the State of São Paulo, Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Biology 66, no. 1b (February 2006): 337–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842006000200016.
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This paper reports on a study involving an estimate of the biomass of rotifers, cladocerans, and cyclopoid and calanoid copepods found in reservoirs in different trophic conditions, comparing and relating numerical density data and pointing out differences between the dry and rainy seasons. In terms of numerical densities, both reservoirs were dominated by rotifers, although cladocerans represented a higher biomass in the oligotrophic environment in both seasons. In the eutrophic environment, higher biomass values were found for cyclopoids during the dry season and for cladocerans during the rainy one. Different biomass patterns were observed relating to both the trophic conditions and the rainy and dry seasons.
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BELMONTE, Genuario, Giuseppe ALFONSO, and Salvatore MOSCATELLO. "Copepod fauna (Calanoida and Cyclopoida) in small ponds of the Pollino National Park (South Italy), with notes on seasonality and biometry of species." Journal of Limnology 65, no. 2 (August 1, 2006): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2006.107.
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De los Ríos, Patricio, Jorge Farias-Avendaño, and Maria J. Suazo. "First fecundity observations on female copepods from three northern Patagonian lakes (Pellaifa, Calafquén, Panguipulli; Chile)." Crustaceana 92, no. 8 (September 10, 2019): 897–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685403-00003881.
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Abstract The crustacean zooplankton in Chilean Patagonian lakes is characterized by a marked dominance of calanoid copepods when under an oligotrophic status. The aim of the present study was to analyse the number of eggs and the relation of that feature with the total length of females of calanoid and cyclopoid copepods reported in three northern Chilean Patagonian lakes. The calanoid copepods found were Boeckella gracilipes in Lake Pellaifa and Tumeodiaptomus diabolicus in the lakes Panguipulli and Calafquén, whereas the cyclopoid Mesocyclops araucanus was found in the lakes Pellaifa and Calafquén. For calanoid copepods, high egg numbers were found and thus also a high value for the ratio of egg number per female length in Lake Panguipulli, whereas for M. araucanus a high value was found in Lake Pellaifa. These differences would presumably be associated with community structure, specifically predator-prey relationships and possibly other interactions, as, e.g., potential interspecific competition.
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Achinelly, María, María Micieli, and Juan García. "Pre-parasitic juveniles of Strelkovimermis spiculatus Poinar & Camino, 1986 (Nematoda: Mermithidae) predated upon by freshwater copepods (Crustacea: Copepoda)." Nematology 5, no. 6 (2003): 885–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854103773040790.
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Abstract Five copepod species, Acantocyclops robustus, Macrocyclops albidus, Mesocyclops annulatus, Thermocyclops sp. (all Cyclopoidea) and Argyrodiaptomus bergi (Calanoidea), were evaluated under laboratory conditions as potential predators of preparasites of the mermithid nematode Strelkovimermis spiculatus. Adults of all five copepod species consumed 70-100% of the preparasites within 24 h. Copepodids and adults of M. annulatus predated upon 93 and 100% of the nematode pre-parasites, respectively. An average of 197 pre-parasites was daily predated upon by an adult M. annulatus. Copepod density affected prevalence and intensity of S. spiculatus on mosquito larvae. Prevalence and intensity of S. spiculatus on Aedes aegypti larvae was reduced from 98% and 2.8 nematodes per larva in control containers free of copepods to 61.4% and 1.4 nematodes per larva in containers with 50 M. annulatus females per l.
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Arumugam, PT, and MC Geddes. "Effects of golden perch (Macquaria ambigua (Richardson)) larvae, fry and fingerlings on zooplankton communities in larval-rearing ponds: An enclosure study." Marine and Freshwater Research 47, no. 6 (1996): 837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9960837.
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In the absence of fish, the plankton community in enclosures in a larval-rearing pond showed a marked successional pattern from rotifers and Moina to copepod and then Daphnia-calanoid dominance. The impact of growing larvae and fry, with densities of 40-118 m-2 at harvest, on zooplankton was conspicuous only after Day 22 when Daphnia became rare and calanoid numbers were suppressed. Predation by fry caused reductions in the size of Moina, cyclopoids and calanoids found. An increase in Daphnia size, 'gigantism', occurred because of limitations in the mouth gape of the fry. Low densities of fingerlings (0.65 g wet weight and stocked at 1 and 2 m-2) had little effect on zooplankton succession, whereas high density (15 fingerlings m-2) caused a shift to a zooplankton community dominated by small cladocerans, rotifers and cyclopoids. High fingerling density also caused a reduction in the size of the microcrustaceans found. The size and density of fish determined their impact on zooplankton composition and succession, demonstrating that similar starting times and consistency in fish density are necessary in obtaining 'sensible' statistical inferences in field fish-zooplankton experiments.
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Syväranta, Jari, and Milla Rautio. "Zooplankton, lipids and stable isotopes: importance of seasonal, latitudinal, and taxonomic differences." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 67, no. 11 (November 2010): 1721–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f10-091.
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We found considerable seasonal, latitudinal, and taxonomic differences in zooplankton lipid content and concurrent δ13C values of zooplankton. We collected cladoceran as well as cyclopoid and calanoid copepod zooplankton from boreal and subarctic lakes throughout a year, allowing us to study zooplankton likely subjected to different isotopic fractionation processes and with highly variable lipid contents. Considerable seasonal variation was observed in the difference between bulk and lipid-extracted zooplankton δ13C values, indicating that seasonally changing lipid content introduced notable variation in zooplankton δ13C values. The difference between bulk and lipid-extracted material was most amplified in lipid-rich subarctic zooplankton in winter, δ13C difference being >5 units. Significant differences were also observed among zooplankton taxa, with copepods showing a greater lipid impact on δ13C than cladocerans. Published lipid correction models failed to produce satisfying fits to our data, and considerable variation was left even after recalibrating the model parameters. This was likely due to taxonomic differences in lipid effects on δ13C values. We therefore produced separate mass balance-based lipid correction models for cladocerans and also cyclopoid and calanoid copepods. We conclude that arithmetic lipid correction models perform well with zooplankton samples, but taxonomic differences need to be considered.
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De los Ríos, Patricio, and Ian A. E. Bayly. "Halotolerant Copepoda in South American inland saline waters." Crustaceana 91, no. 5 (2018): 527–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685403-00003780.
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Abstract The zooplankton in South American saline waters is mainly dominated by copepods at salinities lower than 90 g/l, whereas at salinities above 90 g/l Artemia sp. is totally dominant. The aim of the present study is to analyse the salinity range of halophilic copepods on the basis of a literature review for South American saline inland waters. The calanoid Boeckella poopoensis Marsh, 1906, is widespread on the South American Altiplano and southern Argentinian plains, and in southern Patagonian shallow ponds. In the upper part of the salinity range, 20-90 g/l, B. poopoensis is the only copepod in the zooplankton of southern Patagonian and Altiplano shallow lakes. In the salinity range 5-20 g/l B. poopoensis may co-exist with B. palustris (Harding, 1955), two cyclopoids and an harpacticoid, and at salinities lower than 5 g/l it may co-exist with an even wider range of copepod species. Ecological and biogeographical aspects are also discussed.