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1
Mzozo, Ziyanda. "Aspects of the feeding biology of the copepod Pseudodiaptomus hessei (Copepoda: Calanoida) under culture conditions." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/4727.
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This study aimed to investigate the feeding behaviour of the calanoid copepod, Pseudodiaptomus hessei, particularly whether it prefers to feed on a planktonic or benthic food source. The effect of different microalgae species on the feeding preference, ingestion, and gut evacuation rate were investigated. Two microalgae species (Isochrysis galbana and Tetraselmis suecica) were used, to test gut fullness and gut evacuation of P. hessei. The copepods were starved for 6 h and allowed to feed on monalgae diets, I .galbana and T. suecica, and a 1:1 binary diet mixture of T. suecica and I. galbana. The gut fullness and gut evacuation rates were determined by observing under the dissecting microscope and gut content percentage was recorded (as 0, 25, 50, 75 or 100 percent) along with copepod sex. Copepods that feed on T. suecica fill their gut after 30 min, while those that feed on I. galbana do so after 40 min. There was a significant difference (p= 0.02) between sexes with males filling their gut faster than females. However, copepods that fed on I. galbana evacuated their gut content completely after 30 min, while those fed on T suecica evacuated theirs after 40 min. There was no difference between males and females for gut evacuation. Even though there was high gut fullness rate when P. hessei was feeding on T. suecica, I. galbana is recommended as the best mono-algae diet to culture P. hessei. The feeding behaviour of P. hessei was investigated, as to whether it prefers to feed on a planktonic or benthic food source. Copepods were starved for 3 h and then allowed to feed on two microalgae species (I. galbana and T. suecica), one presented as a benthic and other as planktonic. Controls included swapping the modes of presentation for each algae species. Ingested microalgae species were quantified using real-time PCR, with threshold cycles interpreted as relative abundance ratio (planktonic microalgae divided by benthic microalgae species). Pseudodiaptomus hessei preferred to feed on planktonic food sources initially as there was a difference between planktonic and benthic ingested food (p=0.026). Copepods shifted from planktonic to benthic food sources after 80 min of feeding planktonically. Planktonic food sources were the preferred choice for P. hessei regardless of microalgae species offered. The results from this study also confirm that P. hessei feed on a benthic food source during the day under culture conditions. This information can be used as baseline information for aquaculturists to rear the species as live feed for marine fish larvae.
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Chen, Gang. "Cryptic diversity, ecological differentiation and population genetics of an estuarine copepod, (Acartia tonsa) dana 1849 (Copepoda: Calanoida)." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/9495.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.Thesis research directed by: Behavior, Ecology Evolution and Systematics Program. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Lindeque, Penelope Kate. "A molecular approach to Calanus (Copepoda: Calanoida) development and systematics." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2641.
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Production and recruitment measurements in marine copepods of the genus Calanus have been addressed via the study of genes involved in early embryogenesis. The first sequence from a Calanus helgolandicus (C. helgolandicus) developmental gene (Cal-Antp) has been cloned by screening a C. helgolandicus genomic library with a homologous Calanus homeobox probe. Sequencing of an isolated and sub-cloned fragment of this gene, plus further analysis by Inverse Polymerase Chain Reaction (IVPCR), has shown it to be homologous with other Antennapedia homeobox genes. The temporal expression of Cal-Antp was analysed through its messenger RNA (mRNA) complement by Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). The gene was expressed in tissue taken from eggs over 18 hours old, and in nauplii and copepodite stages, but no expression was detected in eggs less than 18 hours old or adult tissue. Three further homeobox-containing genes have been identified and analysed through their expression in C. helgolandicus eggs. Two of these are caudal homologues, and the third is homologous to the Antennapedia class of genes. The C. helgolandicus developmental gene sequence data provides a means of developing probes to monitor the temporal expression of such genes and their responses to environmental influence. The applicability of such probes to the investigation of key production and recruitment processes, including egg viability measurement, is discussed. A relatively simple and cost effective method has been developed to identify the four Calanus species common to the North Atlantic. This system involves the PCR amplification of a region of the mitochondrial rRNA gene without prior purification of the DNA, followed by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the amplified product. The versatility of the method is demonstrated by the unambiguous identification to species of any life stage, from egg to adult, and of any individual body parts. The molecular identification technique has for the first time shown the unexpected presence of three different Calanus species in Lurefjorden, Norway and has proved to be consistently accurate for all individuals tested including geographically distinct conspecific populations.
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Okumura, Denise Tieme. "Estudos ecotoxicológicos com as espécies Argyrodiaptomus furcatus e Notodiaptomus iheringi (Copepoda, Calanoida)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-15032011-140613/.
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Os Copepoda constituem a maior classe de pequenos crustáceos, com mais de 8.500 espécies descritas. Dentre as cinco ordens de Copepoda de vida livre, as espécies pertencentes à ordem Calanoida apresentam um forte endemismo, com uma restrita distribuição geográfica. Além disso, os Copepoda Calanoida são particularmente sensíveis a contaminantes contidos na coluna de água devido ao seu hábito planctônico. No presente trabalho foram realizados estudos ecotoxicológicos com duas espécies de Copepoda Calanoida, particularmente com as espécies Argyrodiaptomus furcatus Sars, 1901 e Notodiaptomus iheringi Wright, 1935. Estas espécies foram comparadas com relação à sensibilidade e desempenho como organismos-teste na avaliação da qualidade da água em ecossistemas de água doce. Foram testadas e adaptadas metodologias de cultivo em laboratório, e foram estudados os principais aspectos da biologia destes em condições ambientais controladas. Além disso, foram analisados aspectos referentes à dinâmica populacional. A sensibilidade das duas espécies de Calanoida às substâncias de referência sódio, potássio e zinco na forma de cloreto (\'NA\'CL\', \'K\'CL\' e \'ZN\'CL IND.2\', respectivamente), ao dicromato de potássio (\'K IND.2\'CR IND.2\'O IND.7\') e ao sulfato de alumínio (\'AL IND.2\'(\'SO IND.4\')IND.3\'), aos surfactantes dodecilsulfato de sódio (\'C IND.12\'H IND.25\'NA\'O IND.4\'S\') e ácido dodecil benzenosulfonato de sódio (\'CH IND.3\'(\'CH IND.2\')IND.11\'C IND.6\'H IND.4\'S\'O IND.3\'NA\'), foram avaliadas. Além disso, avaliou-se a toxicidade aguda de diferentes amostras ambientais e das toxinas da cianobactéria Microcystis aeruginosa após tratamento por irradiação. Os resultados dos testes ecotoxicológicos foram expressos em concentração efetiva (CE(I)50). Para o cálculo estatístico da CE50 foi utilizado o programa Trimmed Spearman-Karber. Os resultados relativos ao ciclo de vida mostraram que N. iheringi tem um menor tempo de desenvolvimento do que A. furcatus, com tempos de duração do desenvolvimento do ovo determinados pelos métodos indireto e direto. Verificou-se que a espécie de N. iheringi, de menor tamanho, apresentou tempo de desenvolvimento pós-embrionário menor do que a espécie de maior tamanho, A. furcatus. As taxas intrínsecas de crescimento populacional foram mais elevadas para a espécie A. furcatus do que para N. iheringi. Pelos resultados obtidos observou-se que N. iheringi além de atingir tamanhos menores, possui um desenvolvimento mais rápido e ciclo de vida mais curto. Em relação à sensibilidade destes Copepoda Calanoida às substâncias tóxicas observou-se que em relação aos sais, estas duas espécies foram mais sensíveis ao cloreto de potássio (\'K\'CL\'). Em relação aos metais, o grau de toxicidade aos Copepoda decresceu na sequência zinco > cromo > alumínio. Já com em relação aos surfactantes, a espécie N. iheringi foi mais sensível do que A. furcatus, e a toxicidade diminui à medida que o estágio de desenvolvimento dos indivíduos se torna mais avançado. Os náuplios são mais sensíveis à maioria das substâncias de referência testadas (sais, surfactantes, cromo e zinco) do que os estágios de desenvolvimento mais avançados. A espécie N. iheringi é mais sensível aos diversos agentes tóxicos do que a espécie A. furcatus, no entanto, N. iheringi foi mais resistente às cianotoxinas do que A. furcatus. Os resultados apresentados corroboram a idéia de que os calanoides A. furcatus e N. iheringi apresentam elevada sensibilidade a uma variedade de substâncias tóxicas de referência, o que torna viável sua utilização como organismos-teste em ensaios ecotoxicológicos. Estes estudos podem proporcionar maior entendimento sobre a estrutura das comunidades aquáticas e das alterações na dinâmica das populações, no sentido de se poder verificar como as espécies respondem às alterações na qualidade da água e o porquê das modificações na estrutura das comunidades, permitindo, dessa forma, ações de manejo e de conservação visando a preservação da biodiversidade das águas doces.Copepods constitute the largest class of small crustaceans, with more than 8,500 described species. Among the five orders of free-living copepods, the species belonging to the order Calanoida show strong endemism, with a restricted geographic distribution. Additionally, they are particularly sensitive to contaminants in the water column due to their planktonic habit. In the present study ecotoxicological studies with two species of Calanoida copepods were performed, particularly with the species Argyrodiaptomus furcatus Sars, 1901 and Notodiaptomus iheringi Wright, 1935. These species were compared for sensitivity and performance as test organisms in assessing water quality in freshwater ecosystems. Methods of cultivation in the laboratory were tested and adapted, and the main aspects of these species biology were studied under controlled temperature and photoperiod. In addition, aspects related to population dynamics were also analyzed. The sensitivity of the calanoids to a number of reference substances as: sodium, potassium and zinc in the form of chlorides (\'NA\'CL\', \'K\'CL\' and \'ZN\'CL IND.2\', respectively), potassium dichromate (\'K IND.2\'CR IND.2\'O IND.7\') and aluminum sulfate (\'AL IND.2\'(\'SO IND.4\')IND.3\'), and to the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (\'C IND.12\'H IND.25\'NA\'O IND.4\'S\') and sodium dodecyl benzenesulphonate (\'CH IND.3\'(\'CH IND.2\')IND.11\'C IND.6\'H IND.4\'SO IND.3\'NA\') were evaluated. Also the toxicity of environmental samples and of the cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa toxin after irradiation treatment was tested. The results of ecotoxicity tests were expressed as effective concentrations (EC(I)50). The statistical calculation of the EC50 was carried out by the Trimmed Spearman-Karber program. The results regarding the copepods life cycle showed that N. iheringi has a shorter development time and duration of egg development, by both indirect and direct methods, than A. furcatus. It was found that small sized N. iheringi, had a post-embryonic development faster than the larger species, A. furcatus. The intrinsic rates of population increase were higher for the species A. furcatus than for N. iheringi. The results indicated that N. iheringi besides reaching smaller sizes, has a faster development and shorter life cycle. Regarding the sensitivity of these two species to toxic substances it was observed that in relation to the salts the calanoids were more sensitive to the potassium chloride (\'K\'CL\'). Compared to metals, toxicity to copepods followed the sequence zinc> chromium> aluminum. However, regarding surfactants the species N. iheringi was more sensitive than A. furcatus, and toxicity decreased with the advance in developmental stages. The nauplii were more sensitive to most of the reference substances tested (salts, surfactants, chromium and zinc) than the more advanced developmental stages. The species N. iheringi was more sensitive to various toxic agents than A. furcatus, but N. iheringi was more resistant to the cyanotoxins than A. furcatus. The results support the hypothesis that the calanoid copepods A. furcatus and N. iheringi have high sensitivity to a variety of toxic reference substances, what makes them feasible to be used as test organisms in ecotoxicological tests. The study performed may provide further understanding about the structure of aquatic communities and changes in population dynamics, contributing for the understanding of how species respond to changes in water quality by changes in community structure, subsidizing management actions aiming the conservation of freshwater biodiversity.
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Salveson, Erik. "Effects of copepod density and water exchange on the egg production of Acartia tonsa Dana (Copepoda: Calanoida) feeding on Rhodomonas baltica." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for biologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-21425.
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In this study, the objective was to investigate the effect of different copepod densities and the water exchange rate day-1 on the egg production of <i>Acartia tonsa</i> feeding on <i>Rhodomonas baltica</i>. It was a main task to find the best conditions for a maximum egg production in a large scale production system. The egg production under 3 different copepod densities (5, 8-10 and 20-53 ind/ml) and with water exchange rates of 100 and 500 % day-1 were tested. In addition, other variables like ammonia, temperature (20 °C), pH (8), salinity (24-34 ‰), dissolved 02 (> 5 mg/L) were measured and controlled if possible. Hatching success, female ratio, eggs per female and different consumption tests were measured.
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Pereira, Ricardo Henrique Gentil. "Análise da distribuição, densidade e diversidade de Copepoda Calanoida e Cyclopoida nos reservatórios e tributários do Médio e Baixo Rio Tietê e sua relação com as características limnológicas do sistema." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-21112016-163429/.
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Este projeto de pesquisa foi desenvolvido nos reservatórios e tributários do Médio e Baixo rio Tietê, São Paulo, com o objetivo de avaliar a composição, distribuição e densidade das espécies de Copepoda Calanoida e Cyclopoida e sua relação com a disposição dos reservatórios construídos em série (cascata), os quais apresentam diferenças na morfometria, período e área de inundação, grau de trofia (relacionando aos usos e ocupação da bacia hidrográfica), vazão e tempo de residência da água. Para tanto, foram realizadas coletas nos reservatórios e tributários nos meses de fevereiro, maio, julho e outubro/2000, quantificando as principais variáveis físicas, químicas e biológicas, além da análise qualitativa e quantitativa do zooplâncton, com ênfase em Copepoda Calanoida e Cyclopoida. Os resultados demonstram que apesar de ser verificada a melhoria da qualidade da água nos reservatórios a jusante, ainda ocorrem contribuições pontuais via tributários e difusas pelas atividades desenvolvidas na bacia hidrográfica, aumentando a concentração das formas nitrogenadas e fosfatadas, influenciando diretamente nas condições tróficas dos reservatórios e, conseqüentemente, na composição, densidade e distribuição das populações planctônicas. Os reservatórios classificam-se como eutróficos ou mesotróficos (dependendo da sua localização no rio Tietê e da sazonalidade) e os rios como eutróficos, principalmente em decorrência das elevadas concentrações de fósforo e clorofila.Em relação à comunidade zooplanctônica, os Copepoda e Rotifera foram mais abundantes, com uma variação espacial e sazonal relacionada às condições tróficas e temperatura, bem como aos mecanismos diferenciados do controle operacional das barragens (vazão e tempo de residência da água). As espécies de Copepoda encontradas no sistema foram Notodiaptomus iheringi, Notodiaptomus evaldus, Notodiaptomus deitersi, Argyrodiaptomus azevedoi Thermocyclops decipiens, ) Thermocyclops minutus, Thermocyclops inversus, Mesocyclops longisetus, Mesocyclops brasilianus, Mesocyclops meridianus, Mesocyclops ogunus, Acanthocyclops ogunus e Paracyclops chiltoni, sendo N. iheringi, N. evaldus, T. decipiens e T. minutus as espécies dominantes, com diferenças na distribuição e abundância em função dos locais de amostragem (tributários ou reservatórios) e período de coleta (sazonalidade).This research project was developed in Tietê River reservoirs and tributaries, São Paulo, Brazil, aiming to evaluate the composition, distribution and density of Copepoda Calanoida and Cyclopoida species and its relationship with reservoirs disposition in Tietê River, built in series (cascade), which present differences in morphometry, flood period and area, trophic level (related to the hydrographic basin uses and occupation), discharge and water residence time. For that, collections were accomplished in reservoirs and tributaries on February, May, July and October/2000, quantifying the main physical, chemical and biological variables, besides qualitative and quantitative zooplankton analysis, with emphasis in Copepoda Calanoida and Cyclopoida. Results demonstrate that, in spite of the improvement of water quality verified downstream reservoirs, it still happen punctual tributary contributions, diffused due to activities developed in the hydrographic basin, increasing nitrogenous and phosphate forms concentration, influencing directly the reservoir trophic conditions and, consequently, composition of species, density and distribution. Reservoirs are classified as eutrophic or mesotrophic (depending on its location in Tietê River and sazonality) and the rivers as eutrophic, due mainly to the high phosphorus and chlorophyll concentrations. In relation to the zooplankton community, Copepoda and Rotifera were the most abundant, with spacial and seasonal variationrelated to trophic conditions and temperature, as well as to the barrier differentiated operational control mechanisms (discharge and water residence time). The Copepoda species found in the system were Notodiaptomus iheringi, Notodiaptomus evaldus, Notodiaptomus deitersi, Argyrodiaptomus azevedoi, Thermocyclops decipiens, Thermocyclops minutus, Thermocyclops inversus, Mesocyclops longisetus, Mesocyclops brasilianus, Mesocyclops meridianus, Mesocyclops ogunus, Acanthocyclops ogunus and Paracyclops chiltoni; being N. iheringi, N. evaldus, T. decipiens and T. minutus the dominant species, with differences in the distribution and abundance in function of the sampling places (tributaries or reservoirs) and collection period (sazonality).
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Geraldes, Primeiro Luis José de Oliveira. "História natural de Notodiaptomus amazonicus (Wright, 1935) em lago de área urbana protegida no lavrado de Roraima (Copepoda: Calanoida: Diaptomidae)." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2016. http://bdtd.inpa.gov.br/handle/tede/2265.
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Instituto de Amparo a Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação de Roraima - IACTI-RR
The study addresses to the copepods natural history of an urban lake in a protected municipal area in the lavrado of Roraima, whose lake has the characteristic of being the unique remnant of urban lakes in Boa Vista. The lake has a round format, measuring near 60 meters in diameter. The research was related to the population structure of the copepodes of the lake. The samples were taken in six visits during December 2014, the dry period of the region, covering three microhabitats: margin with vegetation of gramineans and cyperaceans, limnetical portion and margin with absent vegetation. Each visit corresponded to a sample in one microhabitat – in all 6 samples per microhabitat. These samples also encompassed three phases of the lake – full waters, empting and critical levels of the water. Four questions guided the study concerning the proportions of adults (male and female), copepodits (juveniles) and náuplius (larvae) inside and between the microhabitats. Each question had its respective hypothesis, considered the provisory answer to the question, which results allowed some inferences on the dynamics of the studied copepod population. The main results related to these four questions were: First – i) the proportion of adults and copepodits were greater than the náuplius in the thre microhabitats, ii) the proportion of náuplius, copepodits and adults were greater in the limnetical portion, iii) the proportion of adults was fewer in the margins with vegetation. Second – i) the sexual ratio was 1:1 among the three microhabitats, ii) inside the three microhabitats the proportion between males and females was also 1:1. Third – in the three microhabitats the proportion of females carrying eggs was slightly greater when the lake was full or empting, ii) female carrying eggs was equally distributed in the three microhabitats when the lake was full, iii) the proportion of females carrying eggs was greater in the center and in the margin without vegetation when the lake was in its critical water level. Fourth – i) among the three phases of the lake – full, emptying and critical levels of the water – the copepodits and males and females adults were more abundant than náuplius, ii) the proportion of náuplius was homogenous and more abundant in the high levels of water (full and emptying), less abundant in the critical levels of water, iii) the copepodits were more abundant when the lake was emptying, but homogenous in the extreme phases– full and critical levels, iv) adult males and females had its abundance reduced at the same proportion as the water was decreasing in a sequence of full water, empting and critical levels of water.
O estudo aborda a história natural dos copépodes presentes em um lago urbano situado em área municipal protegida no lavrado de Roraima que tem como característica ser o único remanescente dos lagos das áreas urbanas de Boa Vista. O lago tem formato arredondado, medindo aproximadamente 60 metros de diâmetro. A pesquisa foi relacionada à estrutura populacional dos copépodes do lago. As amostragens foram feitas em seis visitas durante dezembro de 2014 e Janeiro de 2015, época de estiagem na região, abrangendo três microhabitat do lago: margem com vegetação de gramíneas e ciperáceas, porção limnética e margem oposta sem vegetação. Cada visita correspondeu a uma amostragem em um microhabitat – ao todo foram 6 amostragens por microhábitat. Estas amostragens abrangeram também três fases do lago – cheia, período intermediário (entre cheia e seca) e seca (níveis críticos de água). Foram quatro perguntas norteadoras do estudo abrangendo as proporções de adultos (machos e fêmeas), copepoditos (os jovens) e náuplius (larvas) dentro e entre os microhabitat. Para cada pergunta foi formulada a respectiva hipótese, considerada resposta provisória à pergunta, cujos resultados permitiram algumas inferências sobre a dinâmica da população estudada dos copépodes. Os principais resultados relacionados a estas quatro perguntas foram: Primeira – i) as proporções de adultos e copepoditos foram maiores do que a dos náuplius nos três microhabitat, ii) as proporções de náuplius, copepoditos e adultos foram maiores na porção limnética, iii) a proporção de adultos foi menor na margem com vegetação. Segunda – i) a razão sexual foi 1:1 entre os três microhabitat, ii) dentro dos três microhábitats a proporção entre machos e fêmeas apresentaram distorção na razão sexual, sendo homogênea na margem sem vegetação e apresentando distorção sexual na zona limnética e margem com vegetação, sempre com fêmeas predominando. Terceira – i) nos três microhabitat a proporção de fêmeas com ovos foi ligeiramente maior quando o lago estava cheio, ii) fêmeas com ovos distribuíram-se igualmente nos três microhabitat quando o lago estava cheio e durante o seu período de redução espacial (intermediária entre a cheia e seca), iii) a proporção de fêmeas com ovos foi maior no centro quando o lago está com menos água, iv) as proporções de fêmeas com ovos foi maior no centro e na margem sem vegetação quando o lago está com nível crítico de água. Quarta – i) entre as três fases do lago – cheia, intermediária e seca, os copepoditos (jovens) e os adultos foram mais abundantes do que os náuplius, ii) as proporções de náuplius foram homogêneas nas fases altas de água (cheia e período intermediário) e menor nos níveis críticos de água, iii) os copepoditos foram mais abundantes na fase intermediária do lago e homogêneos nas fases extremas – cheia e seca, iv) os machos e fêmeas adultos tiveram abundância reduzida na mesma proporção que a redução de água do lago na sequência cheio, período intermediário e seco (nível crítico de água).
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Kiley, Ann L. "Chromosome number and phylogenetic relationships in selected species of North American diaptomus (Copepoda, Calanoida)." Virtual Press, 1985. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/415661.
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The chromosome numbers of the eight following species of freshwater diaptomid copepods were examined to elucidate relationships between species: Aglaodiaptomus clavipes, A. leptoups, Leptodiaptomus ashlandi, A. minutus, A. sicilis, A. siciloides, Skistodiaptomus oregonensis, and S. pallidus. The specimens evaluates were collected from various lakes in Wisconsin including Lake Michigan. Squash mounts were prepared from female individuals for microscopic evaluation. Comparisons of chromosome numbers and chromosome morphology indicated that the species considered are not as closely related as might be suspected based on external morphological considerations. The chromosome numbers varied greatly between species and no consistant numbers within subgenera were observed, substantiating the idea that the species are clearly well separated phylogenetically. A technique for preparing chromosome squash mounts from formalin preserved specimens in presented.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306
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Bostock, Jessica L. "A Comparison of Copepoda (Order: Calanoida, Cyclopoida, Poecilostomatoida) Density in the Florida Current Off Fort Lauderdale, Florida." NSUWorks, 2010. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/92.
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Copepods, minute crustaceans, are vital constituents of marine food web dynamics in tropical ecosystems. Ecologically, copepods provide the link between primary production and tertiary consumers. Changes in population structure and densities may impact ecosystem stability and production on small to large spatial scales. The present study examined the influence of the Florida Current on copepod population densities off the coast of Fort Lauderdale, Florida due to limited data in the area. Samples were collected during February and July 2007 at two locations, Stations A and B. Station A, dependent on current dynamics, fluctuated between the most western boundary and the inshore waters adjacent to the coast. Station B was typically located within the Florida Current showing great influence from the current’s physical factors. The current, acted as a physical barrier, entrapping species at near shore stations, increasing population densities by increased nutrient loads through upwelling and land runoff. The movement of the current inshore showed a greater resurgence of oceanic species at each station. However, the western edge of the current, acting as a barrier, yielded the lowest population densities overall and among all copepod orders. The decrease can influence food web dynamics and the prey availability to higher tertiary consumers. Population dynamics were ascertained by relative copepod densities identified to the lowest possible taxa and enumerated. Calanoid copepods were dominant in zooplankton samples, showing high instances of Calanus and Undinula, followed by Poecilostomatoida, highly represented by Corycaeus and Oncaea, and Cyclopoida. Poecilostomatoid densities were numerically important, where in some samples Corycaeus contributed to 42 % of overall copepod densities. Previous studies have led to their underestimation, due to gear selectivity and extrusion directly related to their prosome length. Diversity levels revealed an overall diverse habitat, typical of tropical environments. However, there was greater diversity in coastal waters as compared to the Florida Current which was only found oceanic species present.
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Tietjen, Aspasia Berenike Sophia [Verfasser], and Myron A. [Akademischer Betreuer] Peck. "Linking environmental factors and the reproductive success of Acartia tonsa DANA (Copepoda: Calanoida) / Aspasia Berenike Sophia Tietjen. Betreuer: Myron A. Peck." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1038789893/34.
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ROCHA, G. M. "Avaliação do Its1 e do Its2 Como Barcode para Calanoida (crustacea, Copepoda) Marinhos e Como Ferramenta Complementar para Filogenia do Grupo." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/9139.
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Previous issue date: 2014-06-06Calanoida é a ordem de Copepoda mais abundante do planeta, possuindo reconhecida importância ecológica e científica. Porém a acurada identificação taxonômica morfológica deste grupo de animais não é simples, requerendo um elevado grau de treinamento, ainda mais quando se trabalha com animais em estágio larval e juvenil. A identificação molecular por meio de barcode se apresenta como uma alternativa para auxiliar na identificação específica destes organismos. O marcador mitocondrial Cytocromo Oxydase I (COI) é tido como padrão para identificação molecular de boa parte dos grupos animais, mas não se mostra tão eficiente para calanóides. Este estudo teve como objetivo testar as duas subunidades do marcador molecular nuclear Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS1 e ITS2) como barcode para este grupo animal. Foram sequenciados o ITS1, ITS2 e COI de 105 indivíduos representando 14 famílias de Calanoida. As taxas de sucesso de sequenciamento dos marcadores nucleares foram bem superiores as do COI (98%, 91% e 34%, respectivamente). Além disso, foi observado um hiato entre as distâncias genéticas intraespecíficas e interespecíficas nos marcadores moleculares nucleares que permitiram o agrupamento em, clados monofiléticos, de 100% das sequências dos indivíduos amostrados com as demais de sua mesma espécie para o ITS2 e com apenas Pleuramamma xiphias como exceção para o ITS1. A filogenia do grupo, gerada com base nas sequências concatenadas de ITS1-ITS2-COI, se mostrou congruente com o que já se tem estabelecido em relação às relações evolutivas do grupo. Apesar da necessidade de estudos adicionais para confirmar os padrões aqui encontrados, podemos concluir que tanto o ITS1 como o ITS2 são marcadores moleculares de fácil sequenciamento para Calanoida e que o ITS2 possui variação genética suficiente para ser utilizados para geração de barcode para calanóides marinhos.
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Thor, Peter. "Specific dynamic action in calanoid copepods /." Roskilde : Roskilde University, Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, 1999. http://www.rub.ruc.dk/epublisher/indhold_specific%20dynamic.pdf.
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Patchell, Lee Paul. "Seasonal patterns of protoplankton and calanoid copepods in the Firth of Forth : an investigation or copepod grazing and the effect of diatoms upon reproductive processes." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2284.
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Seasonal variability in the zooplankton of the Firth of Forth, including mesozooplankton and microplankton, were investigated across a full annual cycle. Grazing rates and prey selectivity by the dominant calanoid copepods (Acartia discaudata, Acartia clausi, Centropages hamatus and Temora longicornis) were also examined. Investigations were conducted upon Acartia discaudata and field collected prey under simulated diatom bloom conditions, using the species Thalassiosira rotula, in order to test the hypothesis of diatom inhibition of calanoid copepod reproductive processes. There were fundamental differences between the spring and autumn blooms, typical of temperate estuaries. The spring bloom was composed of highly abundant, small cells amounting to less than half the biomass of larger, less numerous microplankton present in autumn. Copepods dominated the mesozooplankton undergoing seasonal shifts in species’ dominance primarily in response to physical factors. Results of grazing experiments indicate a disproportionate preference for motile prey compared to ubiquitous concentrations of diatoms. Copepods switch to blooming diatom species when present in concentrations > 80 cells ml-1. Ciliates generally contributed < 25% to copepod carbon ingestion. Acartia discaudata, Acartia clausi, and Centropages hamatus selectively consumed dinoflagellate and ciliate taxa whereas Temora longicornis remained an indiscriminate grazer during the entire study. Despite increasing rates of egg production in Acartia discaudata, at high concentrations (> 1 x 103 cells ml-1), Thalassiosira rotula inhibited hatching success such that recruitment to naupliar stage 2 was severely impaired compared with eggs hatched from females fed ~0.3 x 103 cells ml-1 concentrations of T. rotula. This is the first recorded evidence of embryogenic inhibition in A. discaudata.
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Nagel, Kathryn. "The effects of sympatric and allopatric hab species on calanoid copepod swimming behavior." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50273.
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Harmful algal blooms, commonly referred to as red tides, occur yearly with dramatic impacts on marine ecology, coastal economies, and human health. As a consequence, research into the zooplankton grazers that consume HABs is highly important. However, changes in ocean temperature may increase the range of many HABs, exposing historically naive copepods to new species and their associated chemicals. Little research into the impact of allopatric verses sympatric species, particularly on the immediate behavioral impact, has been performed, leaving the indirect fitness effects of HAB exposure and consumption relatively unknown. We measured alterations in the swimming behavior of the calanoid copepod Temora longicornis following exposure to sympatric Alexandrium fundyense and allopatric Karenia brevis treatments. After a 15-16 hours depuration period postA. fundyense exposure, T. longicornis exhibited increased average swimming speed and an elevated net to gross displacement ratio (NGDR). During exposure toK. brevis, copepods exhibited an immediate decrease in swimming speed and NGDR, as well as an increased frequency of jump behavior. However, these effects faded after an one-hour depuration period, and disappeared after a 15-16 hour depuration period. The alterations in swimming behavior demonstrated by the copepods treated A. fundyense may increase encounter rate with predators, while copepods treated with K. brevis remain in bloom conditions for longer periods of time, negatively affecting survivorship. Temora longicornis individuals also may be made more visible to predators due to the increase in jumps seen during treatment with K. brevis. These behavioral changes suggest how HABs escape from zooplankton grazer control by altering copepod swimming behavior, and the pattern of predator-prey evolution that occurs over time.
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Almada, Amalia Aruda. "Interactions between calanoid copepod hosts and their associated microbiota." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/97374.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Joint Program in Biological Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Zooplankton, such as copepods, are highly abundant environmental reservoirs of many bacterial pathogens. Although copepods are known to support diverse and productive bacterial communities, little is understood about whether copepods are affected by bacterial attachment and whether they can regulate these associations through mechanisms such as the innate immune response. This thesis investigates the potential role that copepod physiology may play in regulating Vibrio association and the community structure of its microbiome. To this end, the intrinsic ability of oceanic copepod hosts to transcriptionally respond to mild stressors was first investigated. Specifically, the transcriptional regulation of several heat shock proteins (Hsps), a highly conserved superfamily of molecular chaperones, in the copepod Calanusfinmarchicus was examined and demonstrated that Hsps are a conserved element of the copepod's transcriptional response to stressful conditions and diapause regulation. To then investigate whether copepod hosts respond to and regulate their microbiota, the transcriptomic response of an estuarine copepod Eurytemora affinis to two distinct Vibric species, a free-living strain (V. ordalii 12B09) and a zooplankton specialist (V. sp. F10 9ZB36), was examined with RNA-Seq. Our findings provide evidence that the copepod E. affinis does distinctly recognize and respond to colonizing vibrios via transcriptional regulation of innate immune response elements and transcripts involved in maintaining cuticle integrity. Our work also suggests that association with E. affinis can significantly impact the physiology of Vibrio colonists. Finally, the inter-individual variability of the C.finmarchicus microbiome was examined to identify how specifically and predictably bacterial communities assemble on copepods and whether host physiology influences the bacterial community structure. Our findings suggest that copepods have a predictable "core microbiome" that persists throughout the host's entrance into diapause, a dormancy period characterized by dramatic physiological changes in the host. However, diapausing and active populations harbor distinct flexible microbiomes which may be driven by factors such including the copepod's feeding history, body size, and bacterial interactions. This thesis work highlights the role of copepods as dynamic reservoirs of diverse bacterial communities and implicates copepod host physiology as an important contributor to the activity, abundance, and community structure of its microbiome.
by Amalia Aruda Almada.
Ph. D.
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Kadiene, Esther Uzoma. "Effect of heavy metal toxicity on calanoid copepods : experimental approach." Thesis, Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R017.
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Cette thèse cible les facteurs biotiques qui influent sur la toxicité des métaux chez les copépodes calanoïdes. Tout d'abord, la toxicité du cadmium (Cd) entre deux copépodes de l'ordre; calanoida Eurytemora affinis (Poppe 1880) d'une région tempérée (estuaire de la Seine, France) et Pseudodiaptomus annandalei (Sewell 1919) d'une région subtropicale (estuaire de Danshuei, Taiwan), ont été déterminés sur la base de leur sexe et de leur état de reproduction. Les résultats de cette étude ont révélé que les deux copépodes avaient des niveaux de sensibilité différents à la toxicité du cadmium et que leur sensibilité au cadmium était également fortement dépendante de leur sexe et de leur état de reproduction. En outre, une étude de la toxicité du cadmium dans les traits de vie du copépode a été testée en utilisant P. annandalei comme espèce modèle. Les résultats ont révélé que la toxicité du cadmium était également dépendante du stade de développement des copépodes. De plus, le Cd a eu un effet négatif sur la croissance, la reproduction et la durée de vie du copépode. Afin de comprendre la raison de la sensibilité au cadmium spécifique au sexe, la bioaccumulation du cadmium chez les deux sexes a été réalisée. De plus, dans les environnements naturels, les copépodes peuvent bioaccumuler les métaux via une voie directe dans l’eau ou via les aliments consommés. Dans un premier temps, des essais préliminaires ont été effectués pour identifier la cinétique de bioaccumulation des métaux chez les micro-algues utlisées pour nourrir les copépodes. L'accumulation du Cd dans les microalgues a été testée en exposant Pavlova lutheri dans différentes conditions de salinité et température. À la fin, il a été observé que l’augmentation de la température et la faible salinité favorisent l’absorption de Cd par les micro-algues. P. annandalei a ensuite été exposé au cadmium dans l'eau et par le biais de son régime alimentaire, en utilisant les informations fournies par les résultats ci-dessus. Cette expérience a révélé que l'absorption de Cd par P. annandalei provenait nettement plus d'eau que de la nourriture. Une hypothèse a été développée sur les raisons pour lesquelles l'absorption de Cd par l'eau par les copépodes était plus élevée que par l'exposition par Cd via l’aliment. En d’autres termes, l’absorption de métaux par l’eau est une voie plus importante dans la bioaccumulation des métaux que par la voie alimentaire en raison de l’absorption orale. L'hypothèse a été démontrée en exposant les copépodes à un colorant alimentaire et, à l'aide d'un microscope, il a été constaté que le colorant était entré dans l'intestin du copépode par l'ouverture de la bouche. L'absorption orale d'eau par le copépode a été confirmée par un test de bioaccumulation. Une étude moléculaire sur le test transcriptomique et l'expression différentielle spécifique au sexe du copépode de P. annandalei exposé au Cd a été réalisée. Les résultats ont montré que les copépodes de P. annandalei répondaient à la toxicité du cadmium de manière spécifique au sexe, et expliquaient pourquoi la femelle était moins sensible au cadmium que les copépodes mâles. De plus, l'exposition multigénérationnelle de P. annandalei au cadmium a montré un développement possible de l'adaptation, en particulier chez les copépodes femelles. Bien que les copépodes puissent développer des mécanismes adaptatifs pour tolérer les produits chimiques toxiques, une concentration croissante de métaux dans le milieu aquatique ainsi que des transferts de métaux par la mère sur plusieurs générations pourraient augmenter la concentration de copépodes. Une exposition à long terme pourrait réduire leur forme, compromettant ainsi la structure de la population de copépodes. Cette étude a montré que la mortalité, les traits d'histoire de vie et les réponses moléculaires des espèces modèles peuvent fournir d'importants bioindicateurs pour l'évaluation des risques environnementauxAs a result of the growing concerns about the fate of copepod ecology in the face of increasing environmental pollutants, several studies are being carried out. This thesis focused on biotic factors that influences metal toxicity in calanoid copepods. Firstly, cadmium (Cd) toxicity between two copepods in the order; calanoida; Eurytemora affinis (Poppe 1880) from a temperate region (Seine Estuary, France) and Pseudodiaptomus annandalei (Sewell 1919) from a subtropical region (Danshuei Estuary, Taiwan), was determined based on their sex and reproductive states. Results from this investigation revealed that both copepods have different levels of sensitivity to cadmium toxicity and also, their sensitivity to cadmium was significantly dependent on their sexes and reproductive states. In addition, an investigation of cadmium toxicity in copepod life history traits were further tested using P. annandalei as a model specie. The results revealed that Cd toxicity was also dependent on the developmental stages of the copepods. In addition, Cd showed negative effect on the growth, reproduction and lifespan of the copepod. Furthermore, to understand the reason for sex-specific sensitivity to cadmium, an investigation on the bioaccumulation of Cd was carried out. Moreover, in the natural environments, copepods could bioaccumulate metals either directly from the water or indirectly from consumed diets. Before, both routes of metal uptake were tested, some preliminary test was carried out on the rate at which copepod diet (microalgae) take up metal. Microalgae accumulation of Cd was tested by exposing Pavlova lutheri to Cd under different conditions (salinity and temperature). At the end, it was observed that increased temperature and low salinity influenced the uptake of Cd in the algae. P. annandalei was then exposed to Cd in water and through their diets, using the information from the above results. This investigation revealed that P. annandalei uptake of Cd was significantly more from water than from the diets. A hypothesis was developed based on why copepod uptake of Cd from water was higher than from dietary Cd exposure. That is, metal uptake from water is a more important route in the bioaccumulation of metals than through dietary route because of oral intake. The hypothesis was demonstrated by exposing copepods to a dyed medium, and with the aid of a microscope, the dyed medium was observed to have entered inside the gut of the copepod through the mouth opening. Oral intake of water by copepod was confirmed by a bioaccumulation test. A molecular study on the transcriptomic assay and sex-specific differential expression of P. annandalei copepod exposed to Cd was carried out. The results showed that P. annandalei copepod responded to Cd toxicity in a sex-specific manner, and why female was less sensitive to Cd than male copepods were discussed. Moreover, multigenerational exposure of P. annandalei to Cd showed a possible development of adaptation, particularly in the female copepods. Although, copepods could develop adaptive mechanisms to tolerate toxic chemicals, however, an increasing concentration of metals in the aquatic environment in addition to maternal transfers of metals over several generations could increase the concentration in copepods. A long term exposure could reduce their fitness, thereby compromising copepod population structure. This study showed that mortality, life history traits and molecular responses of model species can provide important bio-indicators for environmental risk assessment
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Jansen, Sandra. "Feeding behaviour of calanoid copepods and analyses of their faecal pellets." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=980585058.
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Uttieri, Marco. "Swimming behaviour and prey perception in the calanoid copepod Clausocalanus furcatus." Thesis, Open University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424811.
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Wasserman, Ryan J., Rachel Kramer, Tim J. F. Vink, and Pierre William Froneman. "Conspecific alarm cue sensitivity by the estuarine calanoid copepod, Paracartia longipatella." Ecological Society of Australia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/68062.
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Publisher versionSensitivity to chemical cues associated with predation threat has been well observed in many freshwater zooplankters, yet few studies have highlighted such sensitivity in eury- and stenohaline metazoans. We aimed to assess sensitivity to conspecific chemical alarm cues in the estuarine copepod, Paracartia longipatella. Alarm cues associated with predation have been shown to have population level effects on certain zooplanktonic species. As such, we assessed the occurrence of such effects on population dynamics of P.longipatella over a 12 day period. Using experimental in situ mesocosms, we compared P.longipatella adult, copepodite and nauplii numbers between three treatments; one inoculated with conspecific alarm cues, one containing direct predation pressure (zooplanktivorous fish), and a control treatment containing no predation threat. Trends in population abundances were similar between the direct predation and alarm cue treatments for the six days of the experiment, decreasing in abundance. During the latter half of the study, however, P.longipatella abundances in the alarm cue treatment increased, while those in the presence of direct predation continued to decrease. In the treatment absent of any predation threat, P.longipatella abundances increased consistently over time for the duration of the study. We suggest that P.longipatella are indeed sensitive to conspecific alarm cues associated with predation threat. Furthermore, we propose that prolonged exposure to conspecific alarm cues in the absence of any real threat results in a reduction in sensitive to these cues.
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Pender-Healy, Larisa Alexandra. "Tracking response of the freshwater copepod Hesperodiaptomus shoshone: Importance of hydrodynamic features." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52253.
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Using three-dimensional Schlieren-based videography, males of the freshwater alpine species Hesperodiaptomus shoshone (Wyoming) were found to follow both conspecific females and conspecific males, remaining 0.45 ± 0.13 cm (male) and 0.56 ± 0.13 cm (female) from the lead copepod for 0.91 ± 0.35 seconds (male) and 0.84 ± 0.46
seconds (female). Trail following is initiated when the male makes a rapid reorientation. Chemical pheromones either were not produced by the female or were not
detected by the male because males would follow trail mimics composed of female-conditioned water. Using unconditioned water, males were found capable not only of
following trail mimics but they showed a preference, quantified as a higher follow frequency, of trails running at speeds matching that of their female mate.
Remarkably, the male copepods always followed upstream, micro-casting between the edges of the trail to remain on track. Trails flowing at speeds matching their
mate’s swimming speed were followed for a longer period of time and at greater gross distance. As the flow speed of the trail mimic increased, the distance the
copepod would advance would decrease until the threshold speed of 2.30 cm/sec at which it would not follow a trail and only station hold. Station holding has never
been observed before for copepods and may represent an adaptive behavior to avoid being washed out of their resident alpine pond. At speeds greater than that evoking
station holding, the stream seemed to push the copepod out of the flow even though the copepod would make repeated efforts to swim up the stream. This research
revealed a behavior not documented before: instead of relying on discrete pulses of flow left by hopping copepods, this high alpine lake copepod followed smoothly swimming mates or continuously flowing thin streams, relying only on sensing hydrodynamic cues.
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Banks, Christopher Mark. "New Zealand Calanoid Copepod Invasions: Has Artificial Lake Construction Facilitated Invasions, and are our Coastal Waters Uninvaded?" The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2269.
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Non-indigenous species have become a global issue of increasing importance in recent years, with many causing significant environmental and economic damage. Identifying locations vulnerable to invasion allows for focus of management efforts towards prevention of invasions at those locations. In order to determine whether constructed water bodies, such as reservoirs, ornamental lakes or retired mines, are more easily invaded environments than natural water bodies, owing to decreased biotic resistance, the distributions of native and non-indigenous freshwater calanoid copepod species in the North Island were examined. Calanoid copepods in ports and other coastal environments were also examined, in order to determine whether ports are more frequently invaded owing to increased propagule supplies from visiting ships and other sources. The distributions of the native freshwater calanoid copepod species Boeckella hamata, B. propinqua, B. delicata and B. tanea are confined in the North Island of New Zealand to specific technostratigraphic terranes when natural waters only are examined, and as such each species can be considered to have a native range. The recently colonised calanoid copepod species Boeckella minuta (6 locations), Skistodiaptomus pallidus (3 locations) and Sinodiaptomus valkanovi (2 locations) are to date confined to constructed water bodies. Boeckella symmetrica (2 locations) may be confined to constructed water bodies, but the status of one location is unclear. Boeckella triarticulata, a species common in the South Island, is known only from a single farm dam in the North Island. The native species Boeckella hamata, B. propinqua and B. delicata were found to occur in constructed waters, but only B. propinqua was found in constructed water bodies outside their natural ranges (9 locations). Calamoecia lucasi is found in lakes throughout most of the North Island, and is not confined to any one terrane. My results indicate that constructed water bodies are more easily invaded by non-indigenous species than natural water bodies, represents a potential pathway for future invaders to establish, and provides locations for species to spread. In order to determine whether recently established freshwater calanoid copepod species have the potential to spread from their present habitats into other water bodies, the prosomal lengths of non-indigenous calanoid copepod species were measured and compared with those for native species. The results suggest that dietary overlap should prevent the non-indigenous species present to date from spreading into any water bodies with established Boeckella populations, although Sinodiaptomus valkanovi and Boeckella triarticulata could potentially spread to lakes containing only Calamoecia lucasi. Data on the co-occurrences of native freshwater calanoid copepod species support the theory of dietary exclusion, as Boeckella species have not been found to coexist. In order to test whether New Zealand marine environments have been invaded by non-indigenous calanoid copepods, and whether ports have been more regularly invaded than non-port areas, calanoid copepods were sampled from various coastal locations around the North Island. With the possible exception of Sulcanus conflictus, no non-indigenous species were found, indicating that non-indigenous marine calanoid copepod species are not establishing in New Zealand despite a history of invasion elsewhere.
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French, Shirley E. "Influence of hydrographic properties in Saanich Inlet on ontogenetic migration and retainment of the calanoid copepod Neocalanus plumchrus." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27925.
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During some years Neocalanus plumchrus overwinters in Saanich Inlet while in other years they are absent from the fjord (Harrison et al., 1983). The cause of this variation is not known but the annual development of anoxic conditions followed by an intrusion of dense, oxygenated water, was suspected to influence their distribution and abundance. Vertical and horizontal haul samples collected from Saanich Inlet indicated the overwintering population in 1985 (September 1985 to March 1986) was sparse; in September 1986 the population of N. plumchrus was comparably low.
In the spring and summer, N. plumchrus is introduced from the Strait of Georgia and Juan de Fuca Strait, and in some years may arise from reproduction within the inlet. So few adults were collected at the three stations in Saanich Inlet in January-March 1986 (<0.20 m⁻³) that their potential contribution to the spring population was considered negligible. Decline in the overwintering population in September 1985 and 1986 appears to be correlated with the occurrence of an extensive deep water renewal. The distribution of N. plumchrus during early stages of their deep water migration (June to August), is influenced by the low oxygen concentrations in the bottom of the inlet (i.e. 0.10-0.30 mL L⁻¹). During the renewal, copepods occurred above the oxygen minimum (75 m) possibly due to their displacement or their avoidance of the low oxygen zone. Subsequently, they were exposed to tidal transport out of the inlet and perhaps to increased predation.
On two occasions in which N. plumchrus was present during the winter in Saanich Inlet (1969 & 1974), a high volume of dense water intruded, disrupting the copepod layer during the mixing of the two water masses. Even though a greater volume of water left the inlet some of the copepods could have remained in the water, below sill depth.
Neocalanus plumchrus successfully overwinters and reproduces in Sechelt Inlet which is well-oxygenated but has a very shallow sill (15 m) that 'locks' the copepods into the inlet. The fifth copepodite stages also occupy deeper depths in Sechelt Inlet than in Saanich Inlet, even though the bottom depths are comparable.
In low oxygen tolerance experiments many factors such as the period of captivity, and the region of origin (i.e. Saanich Inlet versus the Strait of Georgia) caused variable results. Although the minimum oxygen level tolerable during their migration could not be determined, N. plumchrus tolerated levels as low as 0.56 mL L⁻¹ (12% mortality). Sediment trap samples indicate that a massive die off could not account for the loss of N. plumchrus from Saanich Inlet.Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate
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Saage, Andrea [Verfasser]. "A comparison of phytoplankton and ciliate feeding by marine calanoid copepods / Andrea Saage." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1019753153/34.
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Rebstock, Ginger Ann. "Long-term changes in the species composition of calanoid copepods off southern California /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3035430.
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Piercey, David. "Factors influencing the induction of diapausing egg production in the calanoid copepod Diaptomus leptopus." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ39952.pdf.
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Zeller, Martina. "Population genetic consequences of a diapause a species comparison of two calanoid copepods (Eudiaptomus spec.) /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://e-diss.uni-kiel.de/diss_1817/d1817.pdf.
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Shand, Gregory D. "A comparative study of cannibalism in six populations of the calanoid copepod, Diaptomus leptopus (Forbes)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0018/MQ47794.pdf.
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Neves, Gilmar Perbiche [UNESP]. "Copépodes planctônicos (Crustacea, Calanoida e Cyclopoida) em reservatórios e trechos lóticos da bacia do Rio da Prata (Brasil, Paraguai, Argentina e Uruguai): taxonomia, distribuição geográfica e alguns atributos ecológicos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106471.
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Foram estudados copépodes planctônicos das ordens Cyclopoida e Calanoida na bacia do rio da Prata, a segunda maior da América do Sul. Amostraram-se no verão e no inverno, 43 locais, incluindo trechos lóticos e reservatórios, esses últimos amostrados nas zonas de montante e próximo as barragens. As coletas foram feitas através de arrastos verticais na coluna de água com rede cônica de plâncton de malha de 68μm. Na análise dos organismos, foram elaborados inicialmente cinco capítulos, porém um deles já foi submetido e está apresentado em forma de anexo. Nos quatro capítulos gerados e incluídos no formato final da tese, constam: 1. Guia de identificação de copépodes planctônicos das ordens Cyclopoida e Calanoida; 2. Redescrição de uma espécie rara de Diaptomidae – Odontodiaptomus thomseni; 3. Atributos ecológicos básicos de copépodes planctônicos Cyclopoida e Calanoida na bacia do rio da Prata; e 4. Limites de distribuição geográfica de Diaptomidae na bacia do Prata, com síntese de processos históricos e atuais. No guia de identificação são apresentadas chaves de identificação, diagnoses taxonômicas, comentários gerais, ilustrações, imagens de microscopia eletrônica de varredura para 37 espécies, sendo consideradas as fêmeas de Cyclopoida e os machos de Calanoida. Nesse capítulo 1, espécies com status taxonômico incerto não foram incluídas. Para os atributos ecológicos no capítulo 3, o número de espécies utilizado nos cálculos de riqueza e diversidade foi maior, e os resultados apontaram maiores riquezas nos trechos médio e baixo do rio Paraná, no verão e inverno, respectivamente. Por fim, no capítulo 4, as tendências de evolução dos Diaptominae são apresentadas, para os quais são verificados padrões de endemismo para elevado número de espécie, sugerindo processos evolutivos...
The planktonic copepods of Cyclopoida and Calanoida orders of the ―La Plata‖ River Basin, the second largest in South America, were studied. Samples were obtained during summer and winter at 43 stations distributed in river stretches and reservoirs (considering upstream and dam zones). Samplings were performed through vertical hauls of plankton net of 68μm of mesh size in the water column. The results of the study are presented in 4 chapters, besides an annex (submitted as a paper): 1. Guide of identification of planktonic copepods of Cyclopoida and Calanoida orders; 2. Redescription of one rare species of Diaptomidae – Odontodiaptomus thomseni; 3. Basic ecological attributes of planktonic cyclopoid and calanoid copepods of ―La Plata‖ River Basin; and 4. Boundaries of geographic distribution of Diaptomidae in ―La Plata‖ Basin, with synthesis of historic and current processes. In the guide of identification are presented keys of identification, taxonomic diagnosis, general commentaries, illustrations, scan electron microscopy images of 37 species, for cyclopoids females and calanoids males. In chapter one, species with incertae status were not included. For ecological attributes in chapter three, the number of species included in richness and diversity calculations was higher, and the results points to major richness in the middle and low stretches of Parana River, in summer and winter, respectively. Finally, in chapter four, the evolution tendencies of Diaptominae are discussed, which point to high endemism patterns for many species, suggesting an ancient evolution processes after Cretaceous separation of the continents, when the Brazilian shield was used as refuge along the time until the current fauna status
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Russell, Y. "Wax ester biosynthesis in a calanoid copepod, Calanus finmarchicus and a fresh-water teleost, Trichogaster trichopterus." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379814.
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The de novo formation of long-chain fatty acids and the reduction of long-chain fatty acids to the corresponding fatty alcohol were studied in the calanoid copepod Calanus finmarchicus (Calanus) and the fresh-water fish, Trichogaster trichopterus (the gourami). De novo biosynthesis of fatty acids by the enzyme fatty acid synthase (FAS) was localised in the 6.3 x 106g-min supernatant ('cytosolic' fraction) of homogenates of whole Calanus and was characteristic of a Type 1 multienzyme complex. The formation of fatty acids required the presence of acetyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA and was specific for NADPH as the reductant. The main products of the reaction were the saturated long-chain fatty acids stearic acid and palmitic acid, accounting for 54% and 25% of the total fatty acid product, respectively. The alcohol-forming enzyme, NADPH-fatty acyl-CoA oxidoreductase, from both Calanus the gourami roe was membrane-associated. Differential ultracentrifugation showed that a 6.3 x 106g-min pellet (the 'particulate' fraction) was most active in the formation of long-chain fatty acohols. The specific activity of the enzyme in the gourami roe particulate fraction was over 100-fold higher than that in the Calanus particulate fraction. Both systems required the presence of an acyl-CoA generating system in the form of exogenous CoASH, ATP and Mg++. The reaction was specific for NADPH as the reductant in the case of the gourami roe system. However, NADH substituted for NADPH in the Calanus system. Palmitic acid, in the presence of an acyl-CoA generating system, was the most effective substrate with the 18:0, 18:1 and 22:1 substrates giving progressively lower activities.
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Hogfors, Hedvig. "Summer cyanobacterial blooms in the Baltic Sea - implications for copepod recruitment." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Systemekologiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-81680.
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During summer, the Baltic Sea is subjected to the world’s largest cyanobacterial blooms. These blooms are linked to eutrophication and raise many questions concerning their effects on the ecosystem. To understand their impacts on the food web dynamics, it is essential to assess growth responses of grazers to these cyanobacteria. In the northern Baltic proper, copepods are the most important herbivores providing an essential link between the primary producers and higher trophic levels. In this Thesis, Papers I & II evaluate methods to estimate copepod growth in response to feeding conditions in situ. The most conspicuous diazotrophic filamentous cyanobacterium in the Baltic Sea is Nodularia spumigena, a producer of nodularin which is highly toxic to vertebrates, yet its ecological role is largely unknown. In Paper III, reciprocal interactions between cyanobacteria, sympatric algae and copepods are studied. The results suggest that nodularin is likely involved in allelopathic interactions, but it is not an inducible defense against grazers. Furthermore, the results of Papers IV & V, indicate that natural assemblages of N. spumigena and Anabaena spp. may support copepod reproduction and that total diazotrophic filamentous cyanobacteria appear to provide a beneficial feeding environment for the feeding stages of copepod nauplii, most probably by stimulating the microbial communities that nauplii feed upon. Since cyanobacterial blooms are projected to increase due to global climate change, the combined effects of toxic cyanobacteria, ocean acidification and global warming predicted for year 2100 are further investigated on copepods in Paper IV. Taken together, these studies indicate that filamentous diazotrophic cyanobacteria contribute to sustaining secondary productivity and have potential implications of management practices with respect to combating eutrophication, global climate change and sustaining fish feeding conditions.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 4: Manuscript. Paper 5: Manuscript.
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Utz, Laura Roberta Pinto. "Identification, life history, and ecology of Peritrich ciliates as epibionts on calanoid copepods in the Chesapeake Bay." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/192.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2003.Thesis research directed by: Marine-Estuarine-Environmental Sciences. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Lloyd, Scott Steven. "Zooplankton ecology in the Chesapeake Bay estuarine turbidity maximum, with emphasis on the calanoid copepod Eurytemora affinis." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3529.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.Thesis research directed by: Marine-Estuarine-Environmental Sciences. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Cassiano, Eric Jon. "Evaluation of the calanoid copepod Pseudodiaptomus pelagicus as a first feed for Florida pompano, Trachinotus carolinus, larvae." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0025056.
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Al-Mutairi, Hussain Ali. "Non-Calanoid Copepods at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series Study (BATS) Station: Community Structure and Ecology, 1995-1999." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003215.
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Carter, Kevin. "The Egg Production of Calanoid Copepods in Coastal Waters of Florida and its Relation to the Nutritional Environment." NSUWorks, 1995. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/345.
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Relationships between the nutritional environment and copepod egg production were investigated in Acartia tonsa from the Port Everglades estuary (Ft. Lauderdale, Florida) and in Centropages velificatus, Temora stylifera, and Undinula vulgaris from the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Egg production was measured by incubation procedures. Female copepods were incubated either individually (in 250 mL containers) or in groups of 5-10 (in 2 liter containers) for 24 hours. The concentration of particulate protein, lipid, and water-soluble carbohydrate was determined in size-fractionated microplankton samples (1-8 um, 8-100 um). Correlations were identified between egg production (transformed to carbon-specific and protein-specific production), the nutritional environment and the physical environment (i.e. temperature) by least squares techniques.
Significant species-specific correlations were detected between nutrient composition and egg production. The nutrients utilized by copepods for energy (carbohydrates and lipids) appear to be important to the egg production of A. tonsa and C. velificatus.
During the spring, protein-specific production in C. velificatus varied inversely with the lipid concentrations of both particle size classes (1-100 um and 8-100 um) (correlation coefficient [r] = -0.62, significance level [P] < 0 .05, number of data points [n] = 12) and water temperature (r = -0.62, P < 0.05, n = 12) . Protein-specific production in Acartia tonsa was correlated with seston water-soluble carbohydrate concentrations in the seston (r = 0.88, P < 0.05, n = 10 ) except during a diatom bloom which occurred in June 1993.
Multi-variate analysis revealed a strong relationship between protein- and carbon-specific production of A. tonsa and nutrients utilized for energy (carbohydrates and lipids) (r = 0.91, P < 0.001, n = 9). Centropages velificatus protein- and carbon-specific production was significantly correlated with the combination of water-soluble carbohydrate and protein concentrations in the seston (8-100 um) (r = 0.72, P < 0.05, n = 14).
Estimated ingestion rates suggest copepod species feed at different rates in order to obtain the same percentage of body nutrients. This may be due, in part, to the relationship between the nutrient content of a particular species and the seston nutrient concentrations observed in their distinct environments.
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Neves, Gilmar Perbiche. "Copépodes planctônicos (Crustacea, Calanoida e Cyclopoida) em reservatórios e trechos lóticos da bacia do Rio da Prata (Brasil, Paraguai, Argentina e Uruguai): taxonomia, distribuição geográfica e alguns atributos ecológicos /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106471.
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Orientador: Marcos Gomes NogueiraCoorientador: Carlos Eduardo Falavigna da Rocha
Coorientador: Geoff Boxshall
Banca: Janet W. Reid
Banca: Edinaldo Nelson dos Santos Silva
Banca: Fábio A. Lansac Tôha
Banca: Odete Rocha
Resumo: Foram estudados copépodes planctônicos das ordens Cyclopoida e Calanoida na bacia do rio da Prata, a segunda maior da América do Sul. Amostraram-se no verão e no inverno, 43 locais, incluindo trechos lóticos e reservatórios, esses últimos amostrados nas zonas de montante e próximo as barragens. As coletas foram feitas através de arrastos verticais na coluna de água com rede cônica de plâncton de malha de 68μm. Na análise dos organismos, foram elaborados inicialmente cinco capítulos, porém um deles já foi submetido e está apresentado em forma de anexo. Nos quatro capítulos gerados e incluídos no formato final da tese, constam: 1. Guia de identificação de copépodes planctônicos das ordens Cyclopoida e Calanoida; 2. Redescrição de uma espécie rara de Diaptomidae - Odontodiaptomus thomseni; 3. Atributos ecológicos básicos de copépodes planctônicos Cyclopoida e Calanoida na bacia do rio da Prata; e 4. Limites de distribuição geográfica de Diaptomidae na bacia do Prata, com síntese de processos históricos e atuais. No guia de identificação são apresentadas chaves de identificação, diagnoses taxonômicas, comentários gerais, ilustrações, imagens de microscopia eletrônica de varredura para 37 espécies, sendo consideradas as fêmeas de Cyclopoida e os machos de Calanoida. Nesse capítulo 1, espécies com status taxonômico incerto não foram incluídas. Para os atributos ecológicos no capítulo 3, o número de espécies utilizado nos cálculos de riqueza e diversidade foi maior, e os resultados apontaram maiores riquezas nos trechos médio e baixo do rio Paraná, no verão e inverno, respectivamente. Por fim, no capítulo 4, as tendências de evolução dos Diaptominae são apresentadas, para os quais são verificados padrões de endemismo para elevado número de espécie, sugerindo processos evolutivos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The planktonic copepods of Cyclopoida and Calanoida orders of the ―La Plata‖ River Basin, the second largest in South America, were studied. Samples were obtained during summer and winter at 43 stations distributed in river stretches and reservoirs (considering upstream and dam zones). Samplings were performed through vertical hauls of plankton net of 68μm of mesh size in the water column. The results of the study are presented in 4 chapters, besides an annex (submitted as a paper): 1. Guide of identification of planktonic copepods of Cyclopoida and Calanoida orders; 2. Redescription of one rare species of Diaptomidae - Odontodiaptomus thomseni; 3. Basic ecological attributes of planktonic cyclopoid and calanoid copepods of ―La Plata‖ River Basin; and 4. Boundaries of geographic distribution of Diaptomidae in ―La Plata‖ Basin, with synthesis of historic and current processes. In the guide of identification are presented keys of identification, taxonomic diagnosis, general commentaries, illustrations, scan electron microscopy images of 37 species, for cyclopoids females and calanoids males. In chapter one, species with incertae status were not included. For ecological attributes in chapter three, the number of species included in richness and diversity calculations was higher, and the results points to major richness in the middle and low stretches of Parana River, in summer and winter, respectively. Finally, in chapter four, the evolution tendencies of Diaptominae are discussed, which point to high endemism patterns for many species, suggesting an ancient evolution processes after Cretaceous separation of the continents, when the Brazilian shield was used as refuge along the time until the current fauna status
Doutor
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Renz, Jasmin. "Life cycle and population dynamics of the calanoid copepod Pseudocalanus spp. in the Baltic Sea and North Sea." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=981277322.
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Engel, Marcus. "Calanoid copepod resting eggs - a safeguard against adverse environmental conditions in the German Bight and the Kara Sea? /." Bremen : Kamloth, 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015310484&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Park, Jeung Sook. "Biology of deep-sea calanoid copepod genus Pleuromamma with particular references to phylogeny, pore signatures, moulting and life history." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308432.
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Huggett, Jenny Ann. "Comparative ecology of the copepods calanoides carinatus and calanus agulhensis in the Southern Benguela and Agulhas Bank ecosystems." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6270.
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Bibliography: leaves 201-232.The aim of this study was to investigate the niche separation between these two species, using zooplankton net samples collected during biannual hydroacoustic surveys of pelagic fish between 1988 and 2000, as well as results from ship- and laboratory-based egg production and feeding experiments. C. carinatus is most abundant on the productive central West Coast, but also occurs at relatively low abundance on the Agulhas Bank, mainly on the outer shelf.
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Kaminski, Sônia Marcia. "Influência da alimentação sobre a reprodução e o desenvolvimento do copépode Calanoida Acartia tonsa Dana 1849, em cultivo intensivo." Florianópolis, SC, 2004. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/87463.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Aquicultura.Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-21T20:28:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 204165.pdf: 2019071 bytes, checksum: 57fed1ba4533362949655eb0d6807b56 (MD5)
Este estudo foi conduzido para determinar a influência de diferentes dietas sobre o desenvolvimento e a produção de ovos do copépode Calanoida Acartia tonsa cultivado em sistema intensivo. Náuplios eclodidos num período de no máximo 24 h, foram coletados de um cultivo intensivo de 500 L e estocados em frascos de 2,5 L em uma densidade de 800 ind. L-1. A temperatura foi mantida estável entre 25-27 º C, a concentração de Oxigênio em 6,3 mg L-1 ± 0,2 e a salinidade 34-35#. Foram testadas 4 dietas, sendo três compostas por microalgas, monocultura de Isochrysis (T-Iso), monocultura de Thalassiosira fluviatilis, misto com Isochrysis (T-Iso) + T. fluviatilis, e uma por um alimento inerte. A microalga de menor tamanho, Isochrysis (T-Iso), possibilitou melhor resultado na sobrevivência e crescimento dos náuplios. A microalga maior, T. fluviatilis foi mais adequada para a produção de ovos. O tratamento Misto não apresentou diferenças significativas em comparação com as monoculturas das microalgas usadas que apresentaram os melhores resultado, tanto no crescimento como na produção de ovos. Copépodes alimentados com o alimento inerte apresentaram produção de ovos e crescimento similares a copépodes deixados em inanição (controle). Os resultados demonstraram que a microalga Isochrysis (T-Iso) deve ser oferecida nos estágios iniciais (náuplios e copepoditos). Para adultos, a dieta deve ser substituída por T. fluviatilis a fim de maximizar a reprodução. Outros estudos serão ainda necessários para possibilitar a utilização de um alimento inerte com eficiência.
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Lischka, Silke. "Life-history traits of the copepods Pseudocalanus minutus (Calanoida) and Oithona similis (Cyclopoida) in the Arctic Kongsfjorden (Svalbard) with particular emphasis on seasonality." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=982839189.
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Houchin, Lee A. "An Investigation of Temporal and Spatial Variability of Egg Production in the Gulf of Mexico: A Study of Six Calanoid Copepods." NSUWorks, 2000. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/316.
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A study was conducted in the Gulf of Mexico to investigate the spatial and temporal variability in secondary production of western Florida waters. The area of interest was divided into four regions representing shelf and oceanic environments of the northern and southern Gulf waters. Physical parameters measured at the same locations in each region were examined in the spring (March 1992) and fall (October 1992). Secondary production of copepods was estimated indirectly from preserved plankton samples. Six copepod species chosen for this study were: Centropages velifurcatus, Eucalanus monachus, Rhincalanus cornutus, Temora stylifera, Temora turbinata and Undinula vulgaris. Adult (C6) female copepods were stained with celestine blue to examine their gonads to determine their level of oocyte maturation. A potential egg production index (PEPI) was determined for each female using the number of mature eggs multiplied by the state of gonad maturity, as determined by Runge (1985). The average PEPI was calculated for each species in both spring and fall in each of the four shelf regions. Centropages velifurcatus, Temora stylifera, and Undinula vulgaris appeared to be in an advanced state of reproductive readiness at all locations at which they were sampled. The remaining three species, Eucalanus monachus, Rhincalanus cornutus, and Temora turbinata, were immature. A regression analysis of physical parameters showed a significant correlation (P<0.05) with fluorescence as an indicator of potential food. The results of a MANOVA for season, species, and location against PEPI showed U. vulgaris as the most productive and R. cornutus as the least. Mean PEPI differed significantly between spring and fall for all species. Southern oceanic location C was the least productive of the four regions sampled (P<0.05). The remaining three regions exhibited no significant differences in their average potential egg production indexes.
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Bellucci, Joël Laurent. "The Effects of Seasonal Change on Copepods and Euphausiids off the Western Antarctic Peninsula: Results from Biochemical Assays and Respiration Studies." Scholar Commons, 2004. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/954.
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We compared four metabolic indicators of nutritional state: citrate synthase activity (CS), malate dehydrogenase activity (MDH), lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH) and percent body protein to each other and to respiration measurements. These comparisons were made for four species of copepods (Calanoides acutus, Metridia gerlachei, Paraeuchaeta antarctica and another form of Paraeuchaeta that was unidentifiable to species due to its early life stage), three species of Euphausids (Euphausia crystallorophias, Euphausia triacantha, Euphausia superba (including both F6-furcilial and adult stages)) and Thysonessa macrura which were collected off the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) during Spring/Summer and Fall/Winter. Most species showed significant changes in one or more of the enzyme activities. In general, species that engage diapause during the Winter months showed a decrease in citrate synthase whereas those that actively feed throughout the year showed no significant changes. There was also evidence of correlations between citrate synthase activity and respiration as well as between malate dehydrogenase activity and respiration. The observed patterns are consistent with existing models of survival strategy for these Antarctic species.
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Scott, Catherine Louise. "Calanoid copepods and ice fauna in Arctic fjords and regions of the marginal ice zone around Svalbard : lipids; stage distributions; trophic interactions and life strategies." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341210.
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Pham, Thanh Day. "Particle characterization and influence on the nauplii and egg production of calanoid copepod (Acartia tonsa Dana) in water treatment systems with and without membrane filtration." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for biologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-25216.
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The calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa has been demonstrated to be able to replace the Artemia or rotifer for marine fish larvae due to its excellent nutrient, wide range of temperature and salinity tolerance and capability of producing resting eggs in the life cycle. Hence, A. tonsa is one of the most promising copepod species for marine larviculture purposes. The present study conducted to evaluate the impacts of colloidal particles (30 nm - 1µm) and fine solids (2 µm – 60 µm) on nauplii and egg production of the copepod A. tonsa in three systems: conventional recirculating system (cRAS), membrane modified recirculating system (mRAS) and flow through aquaculture system (FTAS). The initial copepod density was 75000 ind L-1 for investigating of growth performance and 15 ind L-1 for testing of egg production capacity of the copepods within 4 weeks.The results in the present study showed a better water quality regarding nitrogenous waste products and colloidal particles concentration in the FTAS compared to the RAS systems (cRAS and mRAS) during the experiment. The survival rate, nauplii and egg production of the copepods in the FTAS were significantly higher than the RAS systems (p < 0.05); while in the mRAS they were not significant difference to the cRAS (p > 0.05). The high concentration of colloidal particles in the RAS systems during the experiment could be an indication for the significant difference of nauplii and egg production compared to the FTAS (p < 0.05). Nevertheless, no effects of fine solids in all systems were observed on the performance of A. tonsa in terms of survival, growth and development, as well as nauplii and egg production rate. An efficient removal of colloidal particles in the mRAS compared to the cRAS and FTAS was only observed after increasing the water exchange rate (to 8 times daily volume tank) from 8 days post hatching.
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Aires, Pedro Nuno Leite Anjos. "Carnivory in Acartia tonsa : a marine larviculture perspective." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14941.
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Mestrado em Biologia AplicadaThe nutritional component of copepods is one of the crucial factors for its good performance as live prey in marine larviculture. Carnivory is a crucial aspect of calanoid copepods diet, being its implications relevant for aquaculture. This study investigated i) the predatory behaviour between Acartia tonsa (Copepoda, Calanoida) and other live prey commonly used in marine larviculture (artemia and rotifers), taking into account the influence of temperature and microalgae availability, and ii) the diet supplementation of A. tonsa with artemia, in terms of eggs production, 48 h hatchability and fatty acid composition. The presence of A. tonsa significantly reduced artemia and rotifers survival. This predatory behaviour was shown to be dependent on copepod sex, being mainly associated with females. Predation decreased with decreasing temperature and with increasing availability of microalgae. The supplementation of A. tonsa diet with artemia did not promoted significant differences in egg production and 48 h hatchability. The fatty acid composition analysis revealed significant differences between eggs and copepods produced with the different diets tested, mainly due to C18:3 (n3) and C18:4 (n3). However, the percentages of HUFAs and DHA/EPA ratios were kept approximately constant. Overall, the supplementation of copepods with artemia does not improve its nutritional quality nor does it enhances egg production or quality.
A componente nutricional dos copépodes é um dos fatores cruciais para o seu bom desempenho como presas vivas em larvicultura marinha. A carnivoria é um aspeto crucial na dieta dos copépodes calanoides, sendo as suas implicações relevantes para a aquacultura. Neste estudo foram investigados i) o comportamento predatório entre Acartia tonsa (Copepoda, Calanoida) e outros alimentos vivos vulgarmente usados como presas vivas em larvicultura marinha (artémia e rotíferos), tendo em conta a influência da temperatura e da disponibilidade de microalga, e ii) a suplementação da dieta de A. tonsa com artémia, em termos de produção de ovos, eclosão a 48 h e composição em ácidos gordos. A presença de A. tonsa reduziu significativamente a sobrevivência de artémias e rotíferos. Este comportamento predatório mostrou-se dependente do sexo dos copépodes, sendo maioritariamente atribuído às fêmeas. A predação diminuiu com a diminuição da temperatura e com o aumento da disponibilidade de microalga. A suplementação da dieta de A. tonsa com artémia não promoveu diferenças significativas na produção de ovos e na eclosão a 48 h. A análise da composição em ácidos gordos revelou diferenças significativas entre os ovos e os copépodes produzidos com as diferentes dietas testadas, principalmente devido a C18:3 (n3) e C18:4 (n3). No entanto as percentagens de HUFAs e rácios DHA/EPA mantiveram-se aproximadamente constantes. Em suma, a suplementação de copépodes com artémia não melhora a sua qualidade nutricional nem aumenta a produtividade ou a qualidade dos ovos.
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Teuber, Lena [Verfasser], Holger [Akademischer Betreuer] Auel, and Claudio [Akademischer Betreuer] Richter. "Ecology and physiology of calanoid copepods in relation to the oxygen minimum zone in the eastern tropical Atlantic / Lena Teuber. Gutachter: Holger Auel ; Claudio Richter. Betreuer: Holger Auel." Bremen : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1072159171/34.
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Schukat, Anna [Verfasser], Wilhelm [Akademischer Betreuer] Hagen, and Barbara [Akademischer Betreuer] Niehoff. "Trophic interactions and energetics of key components in the Benguela Current Ecosystem: The role of calanoid copepods and pelagic decapods / Anna Schukat. Gutachter: Wilhelm Hagen ; Barbara Niehoff. Betreuer: Wilhelm Hagen." Bremen : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1072046318/34.
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Schmid, Moritz. "The race for lipids : ontogeny of the fine-scale vertical co-distribution of arctic calanoid copepods and their phytoplankton food as elucidated by artificial intelligence coupled with an imaging profiler." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27779.
Full textAbstract:
Le broutage du phytoplancton par les copépodes arctiques effectue le transfert d’énergie des producteurs primaires vers les niveaux trophiques supérieurs. Les interactions prédateur-proie entre le phytoplancton et le zooplancton dans la colonne d’eau sont toutefois difficiles à étudier puisque l’échantillonnage du zooplancton se fait généralement à l’aide de filets qui stratifient grossièrement la colonne d’eau. La détermination des paramètres physiologiques chez les copépodes, tels que le contenu lipidique, se fait aussi à une résolution verticale grossière. Pour pallier cette limite, ce projet de recherche utilise le LOKI (Lightframe On-sight Key-species Investigation), un système de caméra sous-marine fournissant des données à une résolution verticale de 1 m. Un modèle d’identification automatique du zooplancton qui repose sur l’intelligence artificielle a été développé et appliqué à des profils échantillonnés au cours de l’automne 2013 dans la polynie des eaux du nord et le détroit de Nares dans l’Arctique canadien. Le modèle transforme les images du LOKI en information taxonomique et différencie un grand nombre d’organismes et de classes de particules (n=114), incluant les stades de développement des copépodes. Deux études ont été réalisées à partir des images du LOKI identifiées automatiquement. Premièrement, lors d’une dérive Lagrangienne, les distributions verticales à haute résolution (1 m) des copépodes Calanus hyperboreus, C. glacialis et Metridia longa ont été mises en relation avec leurs lipides totaux (TL, mg) et leur abondance lipidique (LF, %). Les copépodites de C. hyperboreus et C. glacialis avec une faible LF effectuent une migration nycthémérale vers les eaux de surface pendant la nuit pour se nourrir, alors que les individus du même stade de développement avec une haute LF cessent leur migration et restent en profondeur, probablement pour la diapause. La migration pour la diapause chez C. hyperboreus semblait avoir lieu pour une LF d’environ 50% alors que C. glacialis avait besoin d’une plus grande LF (60%). Un modèle bioénergétique a montré que les femelles du genre Calanus avaient suffisamment de lipides en réserve pour demeurer en diapause pendant plus de 365 jours, soulignant leur capacité à se reproduire à partir de leurs réserves (capital breeders). Dans une deuxième étude, le couplage des stades de développement de C. hyperboreus et C. glacialis et de leur nourriture phytoplanctoniques a été étudié à haute résolution verticale dans la polynie des eaux du Nord et le détroit de Nares. Trois types de distributions verticales de copépodes en réponse au maximum de chlorophylle de subsurface (MCS) et au rayonnement photosynthétiquement actif incident ont été identifiés, tous étant conformes à l’hypothèse d’évitement des prédateurs. Aux stations où les abondances de copépodes étaient les plus élevées dans le MCS, C. hyperboreus et C. glacialis (stades C4 et C5) était partitionnés verticalement à fine échelle (1-2 m). Alors que les pics d’abondance de C. hyperboreus C4 et C5 ont été trouvés au coeur du MCS, les pics d’abondance de C. glacialis C4 et C5 étaient juste au-dessus et en dessous de leurs congénères. Le partitionnement pourrait être expliqué par une stratégie optimale de recherche de nourriture ou par les préférences alimentaires des copépodes pour les taxons phytoplanctoniques occupant le MCS. Un éclairage nouveau sur le fin couplage vertical entre le phytoplancton et le zooplancton est important pour une meilleure compréhension des effets des changements climatiques sur l’écosystème marin Arctique.The grazing of phytoplankton by Arctic copepods channels energy from primary producers to higher trophic levels. However, the predator-prey interactions between phytoplankton and zooplankton in the water column are difficult to study since zooplankton sampling still relies heavily on nets that roughly stratify the water column. The quantification of physiological parameters of copepods, such as lipid content, is also made at coarse vertical resolution. To overcome this limitation, this research used the Lightframe On-sight Keyspecies Investigation (LOKI) system, an underwater camera that provides 1 m vertical resolution. An automatic zooplankton identification model, based on artificial intelligence, was developed for the analysis of profiles sampled in fall 2013 in the North Water Polynya (NOW) and Nares Strait (NS), in the Canadian Arctic. The model turns LOKI images into taxonomic information and can differentiate 114 taxa (organisms and particles), including the developmental stages of copepods. Two studies were carried out based on automatically identified LOKI images. First, during a Lagrangian drift, fine-scale vertical distributions (1-m resolution) of the copepods Calanus hyperboreus, C. glacialis and Metridia longa were studied in relation to their total lipids (TL, mg) and lipid fullness (LF, %). C. hyperboreus and C. glacialis with low LF performed diel vertical migration to surface waters at night to feed, while same-stage individuals with high LF ceased migrating and remained at depth to diapause. Migration to diapause in C. hyperboreus occurred at a LF of approximately 50%, while C. glacialis needed a higher LF (60%). A bioenergetics model showed that Calanus females had enough lipids stored to diapause for over 365 days, highlighting their capacity for capital breeding. In a second study, the fine-scale vertical coupling of C. hyperboreus and C. glacialis developmental stages with their phytoplankton food was studied in the NOW and NS. Three types of copepod vertical distributions in response to the subsurface chlorophyll maximum (SCM) and incident photosynthetic active radiation levels were identified, all of them being in accordance with the predator avoidance hypothesis. At stations where copepod abundances peaked in the SCM, C4 and C5 C. hyperboreus and C. glacialis were vertically partitioned on a fine scale (1-2 m). While C. hyperboreusC4 and C5 abundance peaks were found in the core of the SCM, C. glacialis C4 and C5 peaked just above and below their congeners. The partitioning could be explained by optimal foraging theory or the copepods’ feeding preferences for phytoplankton taxa occupying the SCM. Insight into the fine scale vertical coupling of phyto- and zooplankton is important for a better understanding of climate change effects on the Arctic marine ecosystem.