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Mo, Tingting. "Coplanar waveguide components and their applications in microwave circuits /." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2006. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/thesis.pl?phd-ee-b21471514a.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2006.<br>"Submitted to Department of Electronic Engineering in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy" Includes bibliographical references.
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Pink, Clive Desmond. "Liquid level measurement using a coplanar transmission line." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8326.
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Bibliography: leaves 93-94.<br>The coplanar line has been used very successfully as an element in microwave circuits. Small size, high Q-factor, and accurate reproduction, are some of its many advantages. The coplanar transmission lines discussed in this report, are targeted at liquid level measurement, and are typically 30 cm. long. Their operating frequencies are consequently much lower than those of microwave coplanar waveguides, but they have common advantages. The factor which separates the coplanar line from similar liquid level sensors, is that it makes use of the electrical component of the electromagnetic fringe field, setup between its inner conductor, and the surrounding ground plane. The line is effectively a sharply tuned resonator, incorporated as the frequency controlling element of an electronic oscillator. The output frequency falls as a dielectric material penetrates the fringe field. An impressive sensitivity is accomplished by using very thin conductors, thereby ensuring that the fringe field energy is maximised. The most important feature of this sensor is its ability to operate non-intrusively when used with non-conducting vessels, or if employed in a metal tank, the unit can be encased in a dielectric material where the line is non-contacting (the liquid does not penetrate the unit). This combined with its excellent mechanical and electrical stability, and an accuracy better than 1 percent, makes the coplanar line a strong competitor in the field of liquid level measurement. The research began with a theoretical approach, and used lines machined from an Aluminium plate for characteristic impedance measurement. An empirical relation between the gap width, the line thickness, and the characteristic impedance of the line is presented. To assist with the design of the sensor, a lumped capacitance model of the line was developed. Various geometries were tested, and modified until a near linear response to water level was achieved. An advanced engineering model of the level sensor has been developed, which incorporates a stable digital output display, user calibration from the line's end points, and temperature compensation. A T-shaped line, which concentrates the field around its open end, was used for other applications such as, evaporation monitoring, measurement of slurry settlement, and to observe the effect of acids, bases, and salts in water. Various applications of the different coplanar line designs are proposed.
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Janse, van Rensburg Christo. "A SiGe BiCMOS LNA for mm-wave applications." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26501.
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A 5 GHz continuous unlicensed bandwidth is available at millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequencies around 60 GHz and offers the prospect for multi gigabit wireless applications. The inherent atmospheric attenuation at 60 GHz due to oxygen absorption makes the frequency range ideal for short distance communication networks. For these mm-wave wireless networks, the low noise amplifier (LNA) is a critical subsystem determining the receiver performance i.e., the noise figure (NF) and receiver sensitivity. It however proves challenging to realise high performance mm-wave LNAs in a silicon (Si) complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The mm-wave passive devices, specifically on-chip inductors, experience high propagation loss due to the conductivity of the Si substrate at mm-wave frequencies, degrading the performance of the LNA and subsequently the performance of the receiver architecture. The research is aimed at realising a high performance mm-wave LNA in a Si BiCMOS technology. The focal points are firstly, the fundamental understanding of the various forms of losses passive inductors experience and the techniques to address these issues, and secondly, whether the performance of mm-wave passive inductors can be improved by means of geometry optimising. An associated hypothesis is formulated, where the research outcome results in a preferred passive inductor and formulates an optimised passive inductor for mm-wave applications. The performance of the mm-wave inductor is evaluated using the quality factor (Q-factor) as a figure of merit. An increased inductor Q-factor translates to improved LNA input and output matching performance and contributes to the lowering of the LNA NF. The passive inductors are designed and simulated in a 2.5D electromagnetic (EM) simulator. The electrical characteristics of the passive structures are exported to a SPICE netlist which is included in a circuit simulator to evaluate and investigate the LNA performance. Two LNAs are designed and prototyped using the 13μ-m SiGe BiCMOS process from IBM as part of the experimental process to validate the hypothesis. One LNA implements the preferred inductor structures as a benchmark, while the second LNA, identical to the first, replaces one inductor with the optimised inductor. Experimental verification allows complete characterization of the passive inductors and the performance of the LNAs to prove the hypothesis. According to the author's knowledge, the slow-wave coplanar waveguide (S-CPW) achieves a higher Q-factor than microstrip and coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission lines at mm-wave frequencies implemented for the 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology node. In literature, specific S-CPW transmission line geometry parameters have previously been investigated, but this work optimises the signal-to-ground spacing of the S-CPW transmission lines without changing the characteristic impedance of the lines. Optimising the S-CPW transmission line for 60 GHz increases the Q-factor from 38 to 50 in simulation, a 32 % improvement, and from 8 to 10 in measurements. Furthermore, replacing only one inductor in the output matching network of the LNA with the higher Q-factor inductor, improves the input and output matching performance of the LNA, resulting in a 5 dB input and output reflection coefficient improvement. Although a 5 dB improvement in matching performance is obtained, the resultant noise and gain performance show no significant improvement. The single stage LNAs achieve a simulated gain and NF of 13 dB and 5.3 dB respectively, and dissipate 6 mW from the 1.5 V supply. The LNA focused to attain high gain and a low NF, trading off linearity and as a result obtained poor 1 dB compression of -21.7 dBm. The LNA results are not state of the art but are comparable to SiGe BiCMOS LNAs presented in literature, achieving similar gain, NF and power dissipation figures.<br>Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2012.<br>Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering<br>unrestricted
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Jeong, Jae Soon. "An evaluation of coplanar line for application in microwave integrated circuitry." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23213.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited<br>A general study of conductor backed coplanar waveguide is presented. The
impedance (Z(0)) and effective dielectric constant (ɛ(reff)) of conductor-backed coplanar
waveguide (CBCPW) have been calculated by using a variational method and the
boundary point matching method. In this present work only the TEM dominant low
frequency propagation mode of coplanar line has been considered. Experimental facilities
are vector network analyzer (HP8409) and bench-instrument measurements.<br>http://archive.org/details/evaluationofcopl00jeon<br>Captain, Korean Air Force
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Chen, Qin. "Time domain dielectric microwave detection of biomolecular surface interactions with a coplanar transmission line probe /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2005. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Ambros, Martin. "Analýza přechodů vedení v pásmech milimetrových vln." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220248.
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This diploma thesis solves possibilities of transitions between waveguides and hybrid types of integrated microwave circuits. It describes the basic ways of solutions this transitions in both longitudinal and transverse as well. In thesis is also mentioned the principle of SIW technology, which is in this transitions widely used. The practical part is focused on the modeling and analysis of selected structures in CST MW Studio. Modeled structures are optimized for the lowest possible value insertion loss transition and are adapted to the characteristic impedance on 50. Selected structures are recalculated to a lower frequency band, realized and results of their simulation verified by measurements.
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Topalli, Kagan. "A Monolithic Phased Array Using Rf Mems Technology." Phd thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12608436/index.pdf.
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This thesis presents a novel monolithic phased array implemented using the RF MEMS technology. The structure, which is designed at 15 GHz, consists of four linearly placed microstrip patch antennas, 3-bit distributed RF MEMS low-loss phase shifters, and a corporate feed network. The RF MEMS phase shifter employed in the system consists of three sections with a total of 28 unit cells, and it occupies an area of 22.4 mm &<br>#61620<br>2.1 mm. The performance of the phase shifters is improved using high-Q metal-air-metal capacitors in addition to MEMS switches as loading elements on a high-impedance coplanar waveguide transmission line. The phased array is fabricated monolithically using an in-house surface micromachining process, where a 1.2-&<br>#61549<br>m thick gold structural layer is placed on a 500-µ<br>m thick glass substrate with a capacitive gap of 2 &<br>#61549<br>m. The fabrication process is simple, requires only 6 masks, and allows the implementation of various RF MEMS components on the same substrate, such as RF MEMS switches and phase shifters. The fabricated monolithic phased array occupies an area of only 6 cm &<br>#61620<br>5 cm. The measurement results show that the phase shifter can provide nearly 20&<br>#61616<br>/50&<br>#61616<br>/95&<br>#61616<br>phase shifts and their eight combinations at the expense of 1.5 dB average insertion loss at 15 GHz. The phase shifters can be actuated with 16 V, while dissipating negligible power due to its capacitive operation. It is also shown by measurements that the main beam can be steered to 4&<br>#61616<br>and 14&<br>#61616<br>by suitable settings of the RF MEMS phase shifters.
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El-Masri, Samir D. "Application de la méthode numérique TLM (transmission line matrix) aux ondes acoustiques et à la parole." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0129.
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La plupart des theories actuelles sur la propagation des ondes acoustiques dans le conduit vocal se basent sur le principe des ondes planes (unidimensionnelles) et ne sont valables qu'aux basses frequences. Compte tenu de la difficulte posee par l'etude theorique ou experimentale des ondes acoustiques aux frequences elevees et dans des structures complexes telles que le conduit vocal, les methodes de simulation numerique sont particulierement utiles. La methode numerique tlm (transmission line matrix) a ete developpee initialement pour la simulation de la propagation des ondes electromagnetiques. Les objectifs de la these ont consiste a appliquer cette methode a la propagation des ondes acoustiques dans le conduit vocal. Apres avoir etabli les analogies necessaires entre domaines electrique et acoustique, nous avons valide systematiquement cet outil de simulation par comparaison avec la theorie pour des cavites de forme simple, avec des sources elementaires (monopolaire, dipolaire, quadripolaire). Ceci a permis de montrer que les conditions aux limites utilisees pour simuler l'espace infini sont adequates. Nous avons mis en oeuvre une methode qui permet de mettre en evidence les modes d'ordre superieur de maniere individuelle et etudie leur distribution dans des differences cavites rectangulaires et circulaires. Ce travail a ensuite ete etendu a des modelisations plus detaillees de l'acoustique dans des geometries complexes correspondants a des conduits vocaux realistes, et de participer a l'amelioration de la qualite de la synthese de parole.
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Li, Jinfeng. "Structure and optimisation of liquid crystal based phase shifter for millimetre-wave applications." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/288407.
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The delivery of tunable millimetre-wave components at 60GHz is of research and development interests with the advent of 5G era. Among applications such as high-data-rate wireless communications, high-precision automotive radars and hand-gesture sensing, variable phase shifters are vital components for antenna arrays to steer an electromagnetic beam without mechanical movement. However, present microwave technology has limited scope in meeting more and more stringent requirements in wavefront phase control and device performance for those cutting-edge applications in the millimetre-wavelength range. Although some existing microwave switchable techniques (such as RF MEMS and solid-state p-i-n diodes) can offer ultra-fast speed for phase modulation, their binary beam-steering nature is resolution-limited and thereby degrades the beam-scanning performance. In response to this, continuously-tunable phase shifting can be realised by using tunable dielectric materials such as ferroelectric BST and liquid crystals (LCs). BST thin films can offer relatively fast switching and modest tunability. However, the increased dielectric loss beyond 10GHz impedes their implementation for higher frequency applications. By comparison, liquid crystals (LCs) have drawn attention in recent years because of their continuous tunability as well as low losses especially at millimetre-wavebands. The principle of shifting the phase continuously is based on the shape anisotropy of LC molecules for variable polarizabilities and hence tunable dielectric constants, which allows wave speed to be controlled with ease by a low-frequency field of only up to 10V. However, LC-based tunable delay lines are not well established in the frequency regime of 60GHz-90GHz because of the limited status of LC microwave technology in which most of the LC based devices have been designed for below 40GHz. It is the aim of this PhD research to bridge the gap and address future societal needs based on our group's focus and experience in developing cutting-edge LC-based agile microwave components. In this work, a liquid crystal (LC) based 0-180˚continuously-variable phase shifter is developed with insertion loss less than -4.4dB and return loss below -15dB across a wide spectrum from 54GHz to 67GHz. The device is driven by a 0-10V AC bias and structured in a novel enclosed coplanar waveguide (ECPW) including an enclosed ground plate in the design, which significantly reduces the instability due to floating effects of the transmission line. This structure screens out interference and stray modes, allowing resonance-free quasi-TEM wave propagation up to 90GHz. The tunable ECPW is optimised by competing spatial volume distribution of the millimetre-wave signal occupying lossy tunable dielectrics versus low-loss but non-tunable dielectrics and minimising the total of dielectric volumetric loss and metal surface loss for a fixed phase-tuning range. A variety of influences affecting the actual device performance are studied, experimented and optimised. Fabricated prototypes exhibit wideband low-loss performance and 0-π continuous tuning with low power consumptions and high linearity compared with the state-of-the-arts. Potentially, the ECPW-fed phased antenna array will be incorporated with advanced beam-forming algorithms to develop compact beam-steering systems of improved performances and targeted for ultra-high-data-rate wireless communications, inter-satellite communications, current road safety improvement, futuristic autonomous driving, and other smart devices such as the hand-gesture recognition.
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Janečka, Martin. "Vícevrstvá Yagiho anténa pro pásmo 60 GHz." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220264.
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This diploma thesis deals with the design and simulation of multi-layer stacked Yagi antenna at the frequency of 60 GHz. At work are proposed and compared two ways of antenna feeding methods. Based on the results obtained, antenna is fed by substrate integrated waveguide. The proposed antenna has been optimized in terms of gain and impedance matching at the specified frequency. The correct functionality of the antenna was verified by simulation program CST MWS 2011. Simulation results were verified experimentally.
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Špůrek, Jan. "Textilní štěrbinová anténa." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-242116.
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This diploma thesis is focused on design of various antenna structures, based on slot antennas, created in the wider wall of a rectangular-shaped waveguide. As the substrate, it is used a 3D textile material, while its properties are examined. They were designed structures, that operate with linear and circular polarization, and other related structures, that are used for feeding and power division. Structures are designed to operate at central frequency of 8 GHz and its vicinity.
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Cox, Gavin J. "Techniques for pattern control of a dielectric rod antenna suitable for use in mobile communications." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2002. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12693.
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This thesis describes the development of antennas suitable for mobile coinmunication systems based on a dielectric rod antenna fed from circular waveguide. Pattern control of the antenna is implemented using a combination of Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) elements and metallic endcaps placed on the antenna Both linear and circular polarised feeds have been made for these antennas to ensure they are suitable for a wide range of applications. The suitability of the dominant and next, higher order, waveguide mode were investigated and conclusions drawn as to their suitability for this type of antenna. The antennas were extensively modelled using a commercial TLM based solver and the results of these simulations were compared to the comprehensive set of antenna pattern measurements and S-parameter measurements obtained for the prototype antennas.
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Hussaini, Sheena. "Integrated Magnetic Components for RF Applications." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1431951933.
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Bovadilla, Robert Aleksander Gavidia. "Defasador baseado em MEMS distribuídos para aplicações em ondas milimétricas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3140/tde-23092014-100330/.
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Atualmente existe uma demanda por sistemas de comunicação com altas taxas de transferência de dados, trabalhando em ondas milimétricas (mmW). Além disso, os sistemas devem ser cada vez menores, apresentando um baixo consumo de potência e baixo custo para poderem ser utilizados em aplicações sem fio direcionadas ao mercado do consumidor. Neste trabalho, é proposto um defasador passivo miniaturizado de baixas perdas para aplicações em mmW baseado em um conceito inovador utilizando sistemas micro-eletromecânicos (MEMS) distribuídos e linhas de transmissão coplanares de ondas lentas (S-CPW). Assim, a defasagem é conseguida pela liberação das fitadas da camada de blindagem da S-CPW utilizando um processo de corrosão com vapor de HF. As fitas liberadas podem ser movimentadas quando uma tensão DC é aplicada, o que muda a fase do sinal propagado. É apresentado também um modelo eletromecânico e RF do defasador, compostos de elementos concentrados, permitindo a simulação do comportamento dinâmico do dispositivos e a mudança da fase. O defasador foi fabricado utilizando um processo realizado integralmente no Laboratório de Microeletrônica da Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo. Alguns testes elétricos de atuação, demonstram que o processo de fabricação é viável e permitiu a liberação e atuação do plano de blindagem.<br>There is a demand for millimeter-wave (mmW) high data-rate communication systems. Systems should have small area as well as low power consumption and low cost in order to address wireless consumer applications. In this work, a low-loss distributed microelectromechanical (MEMS) phase shifter for mmW applications based on an innovative concept using distributed MEMS and slow-wave coplanar transmission lines (S-CPW) is proposed. The phase shift is achieved by releasing the ribbons of the shielding layer of the S-CPW with a HF vapor etching process. In this way the ribbons can be allows actuated when a DC voltage is applied, which changes the phase of the propagating signal. An electromechanical model and a RF model were developed using lumped elements, allowing the simulation of the dynamic behavior of the distributed MEMS and the phase shift. The phase shifter was entirely fabricated at the Laboratory of Microelectronics of the Polytechnic School from the University of São Paulo. Some electrical tests showed that the fabrication process is viable and allowed the correct release of the shielding layer of the phase shifter.
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茂幸, 西村, та Shigeyuki Nishimura. "遮断TEおよびTMモードを用いた右手/左手系複合導波管の伝送・放射特性". Thesis, https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13097319/?lang=0, 2018. https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13097319/?lang=0.
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本論文では，遮断周波数以下のTE・TMモードを利用した右手/左手系複合円筒導波管および方形導波管を提案する．この提案したCRLH導波管にスリットまたはスロットを設けることで構成された導波管型漏洩波アンテナの放射特性について述べている．最後に，CRLH導波管を試作し解析結果と実験結果の比較を行うことで，CRLH方形・円筒導波管の構成法の有用性を明らかにする．<br>This paper proposes a composite right/left-handed cylindrical and rectangular waveguides using the cutoff TE and TM modes. The CRLH waveguides can be successfully applied to radiation characteristics of leaky-wave antenna by setting slits or slots. Finally, usefulness of the proposed CRLH waveguides is verified by comparison between the calculated and the measured values.<br>博士(工学)<br>Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering<br>同志社大学<br>Doshisha University
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Benmohamed, Fayçal. "Contribution au développement d'une méthode numérique pour étudier des structures planaires hyperfréquences." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSES004.
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Le travail proposé est le résultat d’une collaboration entre le laboratoire Physique de la matière condensée et nanosciences de Monastir, le laboratoire Laplace de Toulouse et le laboratoire Hubert Curien de Saint-Étienne. Il s’inscrit dans un projet visant à étudier théoriquement la propagation des ondes électromagnétiques dans des dispositifs passifs à base du matériau magnétique anisotrope. La présence d’une couche magnétique dans telle structure a de nombreux avantages : non réciprocité́, performances intéressantes, isolation importante, …Plus précisément, c’est la fabrication des dispositifs non-réciproques tels que les isolateurs et les circulateurs. L’étude théorique d’une telle structure avec plusieurs couches de substrats anisotropes nécessite l’utilisation des logiciels commerciaux. Ces logiciels ont l’avantage de permettre l’étude de structures très complexes, mais ont pour principaux inconvénients leur coût d’achat et capacité́ mémoire nécessaire. C’est pourquoi il est indispensable d’une part de comprendre le comportement des matériaux magnétiques utilisés dans la structure : il s’agit de modéliser le matériau magnétique par un tenseur de perméabilité dépendant de son état d’aimantation. L’objectif de cette thèse est la modélisation électromagnétique par la méthode SDA numérique des structures complexes avec des milieux anisotropes dispersifs. Cette approche, est basé sur le calcul numérique de la fonction de Green spectrale par la méthode de l’opérateur transverse (MOT), sera en mesure d’atteindre un niveau élevé de précision dans la description de l’interaction du signal haute fréquence avec une structure constituée d’un milieu magnétique anisotrope saturé. Les résultats de simulation ont été validés avec d’autres résultats numériques publiés dans la littérature et le logiciel commercial HFSS dans le cas d’une ligne microruban imprimée sur une couche isotrope (diélectrique). Ils ont été numériquement validés avec la littérature pour la même structure mais présence d’un substrat magnétique anisotrope pour différentes directions de polarisation. Ensuite, Ils ont été validés aussi par confrontation avec les résultats expérimentaux pour une ligne coplanaire fabriquée sur un substrat de ferrite-LTCC transversalement aimanté par un champ magnétique statique<br>The work proposed here took place in Hubert Curien Laboratory in collaboration with Laplace Laboratory and Laboratory of Monastir. It is part of a project aiming for the theoretical study of the propagation of the electromagnetic waves inside passive devices fabricated with anisotropic magnetic material. Using a magnetic substrate in such structure has many advantages: non reciprocity, high isolation...More precisely, the fabrication of nonreciprocal de- vice such as isolator and circulator. The numerical study of such structure containing many anisotropic magnetic layers needs to use commercial software. As a principal inconvenience is their purchase cost and their necessary memory capacity. In this case, it is necessary to understand the behavior of the magnetic material used in the structure: it is a question of modeling the magnetic material by a permeability tensor depending on its state of magnetization. The aim of this thesis is the electromagnetic modeling of multilayers structures with complex media using the numerical spectral domain approach. The numerical SDA is based on the numerical computation of the Green’s function with the transverse operator formalism. The numerical results are validated with published numerical data for a microstrip line printed on isotropic or anisotropic magnetic material. They are then compared with an excellent agreement with numerical data provided from software based on the finite elements method (HFSS). For more credibility of our numerical approach, the results of simulation about the complex propagation constant are compared with a good much with measured data for coplanar waveguide fabricated on a low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC-ferrite). The validation was done in a large band of frequency from 1 to 12 GHz
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Šmarda, Marek. "Miniaturní anténa pro mobilní aplikace." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219975.
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This work deals with the most famous constructions of planar antennas. The work analyses selected methods of connecting planar antennas' charging with the possibility of impedance adaptation. An important part of the work consists of description of techniques for increasing bandwidth and conversely techniques for reducing the dimensions which are important for the design of planar antennas for mobile devices. The antennas were designed by means of theoretical basis and their properties were examined in the electromagnetic field simulator. The selected antenna model was constructed and its parameters were measured experimentally. The matching circuit for the antenna to tune it to different resonant frequencies was designed and constructed.
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Wei-chuan, Chiou, and 邱文全. "Design and Analysis of Coplanar Waveguide Transmission Line." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40938893039393046341.
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碩士<br>華梵大學<br>機電工程研究所<br>90<br>In this proposal, an equivalent circuit model will be established to design flip-chip high frequency transmission line structure based upon the principle of electromagnetic filed transmission line as well as electromagnetic interference phenomenon.
The flip-chip structure is composed of coplanar waveguide ( CPW ) on the lower surface of the chip, the CPW on the upper surface of the substrate, and underfill resin for releasing thermal stress. The EMI phenomenon to be discussed are reflection due to encountering interconnection as high frequency signal transmitting from one CPW to another CPW, the resonant modes between chip surface and substrates causing degradation of isolation, and the influence on electric characteristics of the flip-chip structure due to underfill. The first stage of the proposed research is modeling and simulation based upon a electromagnetic field analysis software, then an equivalent model is established according to the calculated results for the flip-chip structure. Based upon the predictions, the final stage is to implement the design methodology to obtain a low EMI Flip-chip structure and conduct experiment measurement for the low EMI system. Therefore, the model can be modified and prediction of electric characteristics can be confirmed and automated.
In summary, the objective of this research is to develop the technology for designing flip-chip mechatronic system, which is composed of high frequency flip-chip structure with low EMI problem, and therefore promote the domestic packaging industry.
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Wang, Jun-Nan, and 王俊男. "Fabrication of High Frequency Power Amplifier Using Coplanar Waveguide Transmission-Line Techniques." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31916850268619698766.
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碩士<br>長庚大學<br>電子工程研究所<br>94<br>We proposed a series of the power amplifiers (PAs) designs. The main purpose of this dissertation is utilizing coplanar transmission line, which provides a simply layout of common ground structure. Besides, it also can connect with active device, capacitor and thin-film resistor easily. Power amplifier is fabricated by 0.15 μm InGaAs pHEMT of WIN Semiconductors Corp. as core of the design.
In Chapter 3, we designed a X/Ku-band PA. Power amplifier with two supply voltages of gate and drain are -0.3 V and 4 V. The design of this power amplifier exhibits a power gain of 20.4 dB with a output power of 21.8 dBm, an insertion loss (S21) of 20.3 dB, and an input 1-dB compression point (P1dB) of 0 dBm. Additionally, the power-added efficiency (PAE) is 25.5％.
Part 2 focused on the implementation of Class E power amplifier. The design procedure follows the theory of class E power amplifier, and is implemented in MMICs and modules. For MMICs, the GaAs pHEMT foundry services are provided by WIN Ltd. The design of this power amplifier exhibits a power gain of 15.2 dB with a output power of 19.8 dBm and an insertion loss (S21) of 14.7 dB. Additionally, the power-added efficiency (PAE) is 33.3％.The overall simulation used ADS (Advance design system) tool. Let us more understand RF circuits designs and their applications from simulating circuit and measuring results.
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Shen, Yu-Shing, and 沈育星. "Design and Implementation of A Broadband Transition between Coplanar Waveguide and Coplanar Stripline for Mutilayer Transmission line application." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99065980601342566059.
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碩士<br>國立中央大學<br>電機工程研究所<br>90<br>Abstract
This thesis mainly presents a broadband CPW-to-CPS transition using broadside-coupled strips, instead of microstrip radial stub, to reduce the overall area of transition. The transition is composed of CPW-MS and MS-CPS transition. Using IE3D electromagnetic simulation software to simulate CPW-MS and MS-CPS transition and to realize in back-to-back configuration. In CPW-MS and MS-CPS transition, both simulation and measurement are in good agreement. Hence, to merge the two transition and it found that both simulation and measurement are in good agreement in back-to-back configuration. Overall, the 1-dB insertion loss and 15-dB return loss bandwidth for the back-to-back transitions is from 6.5 GHz to 13.5 GHz. The back-to-back transitions also have a 20-dB return loss bandwidth from 8 GHz to 12 GHz. Besides CPW-to-CPS transition, this thesis also uses IE3D software to simulate conventional compensation of T-junction. It found the design of conventional compensation of T-junction are not suitable, when frequency is from 25 GHz to 35GHz.
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Taringou, Farzaneh. "Transitions from substrate integrated waveguide to planar transmission lines and their applications to amplifier integration." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/4300.
Full textAbstract:
In the lower millimetre-wave frequency range, Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) circuits have emerged as a reasonable compromise between rectangular waveguide and standard microstrip technologies. They are formed by a top- and bottom-metalized substrate and two arrays of plated or riveted holes (via holes) to replace the vertical metallic walls in conventional rectangular waveguide. Although many passive components known from traditional waveguide technology have been fabricated in SIW, one of the main challenges is to integrate active components with typical coaxial-type interfaces within the SIW environment.
Therefore, the work presented in this dissertation focuses on new broadband transitions from SIW to other planar transmission-line technologies such as microstrip coplanar waveguide, coplanar strip line, slot line and coupled microstrips. Several of the new transitions are prototyped and experimentally verified. Two of these transitions are then used to integrate a low noise amplifier within SIW input and output ports. The measurements of fabricated SIW amplifier prototypes show very promising performance and clearly demonstrate successful integrations of active components within SIW. Finally, one of the new SIW-to-coplanar-waveguide transitions is employed as an interface to an SIW-based antenna, thus demonstrating the principle of connectivity of SIW to all currently used planar circuit technologies.<br>Graduate
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Abelmouty, Walid Gomaa Abdelwahed. "Terahertz System-on-Chip using coplanar stripline transmission line on thin membrane." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/12504.
Full textAbstract:
A guided-wave THz System-on-Chip (TSoC) is emerging as an attractive alternative to the routine free-space THz systems to reduce physical bulk, propagation loss, pulse dispersion and cost of free-space THz systems. Recently, our research group succeeded in demonstrating a novel waveguided TSoC based on the coplanar stripline (CPS) transmission lines on a 1 µm-thin Silicon Nitride membrane. The novelty of this membrane-based platform was bonding the transmitter and receiver directly on the transmission line to eliminate the radiation loss by the routine THz optics. Besides, the delicate thin-membrane dramatically reduces the dielectric loss of the platform which results in low-loss and low-dispersion THz-bandwidth pulses.
This Ph.D. dissertation presents the first end-to-end TSoC components that were designed and fabricated using the CPS transmission lines on 1 µm-thin Si3N4 membranes. These components are integrated into a TSoC by bending or connecting different impedance CPS transmission-line sections. We demonstrate four passive TSoC components: THz low-pass filter (TLPF), THz power divider (TPD), THz apodized Bragg grating (TABG) and THz branch-line coupler (TBLC).
One of the most significant gains from this work is the assurance that more complex TSoCs can be designed and fabricated using this membrane-platform based on the strong agreement between simulation and experimental results.<br>Graduate<br>2021-12-01
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Chen, Yen-Yu, and 陳彥宇. "Study of RF Transmission Line Loss in III-Nitride on Si Substrates by Coplanar Waveguides." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/fdzm2a.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>材料科學與工程學系所<br>103<br>Owing to unique material properties, GaN-based high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) show extraordinary performances in the field of RF applications. The devices are used as power amplifiers in wire-less base stations, radar systems, and mobile phones. Recently, the growth of GaN HEMTs on low cost Si substrates has been realized to replace expensive SiC substrates. However, published research indicate that the parasitic conductive layer formed at the interface between Si substrate and epi-layer increases the RF loss and degrades the performances of devices in high frequency, including FT, Fmax, output power, and PAE. Therefore, to evaluate the RF loss and choose a proper buffer are important issues to reduce the RF loss in III-Nitride on Si substrates and further improve RF performances of the devices.
In this study, coplanar waveguides (CPWs) were fabricated on epitaxial wafers and the calculated RF losses (transmission line loss) were measured on a 50 GHz S-parameter Measurement System. The RF losses of different epi-structures and different resistivity Si substrates were compared. A straightforward method to evaluate epi-structures for RF applications from the point of view of the RF loss has been established. Thus, reducing the RF loss in III-Nitride on Si substrates can effectively improve RF performances.
To our knowledge, there is no work done in comparing the RF losses of different buffers before. In this study, the RF losses of three different buffers on Si substrates (80 Ω•cm) grown by our MOCVD were investigated, such buffers included AlGaN, carbon-doped GaN and GaN buffers. We found that the structure with an AlGaN buffer has the lowest RF loss. At 10 and 40 GHz, the RF losses are 0.953 and 3.235 dB/mm, respectively. In addition, the RF losses of AlGaN and carbon-doped GaN buffer were both lower than the conventional GaN buffer. We think that the RF loss can be reduced by using a high resistivity buffer. On the other hand, the lattice constant of AlGaN is much similar to transition layers than that of GaN, resulting in better interface. This is another possible reason to explain why AlGaN buffer has the lowest RF loss.
In terms of the comparison of Si substrates, same HEMT structures on Si substrates with different resistivity (80 and 10^4 Ω•cm) were grown to compare the RF losses. At 10 and 40 GHz, the RF losses are 0.476 and 1.344 dB/mm for GaN on a high resistivity (HR) Si substrate and the RF losses are 0.958 and 2.249 dB/mm for GaN on a normal Si substrate. Our experiment results indicate that the RF loss can be reduced remarkably. We demonstrate that the parasitic conductive layer can be suppressed effectively by using HR Si substrates.
Finally, the RF losses of different buffers on HR Si substrates (10^4 Ω•cm) grown by NTT-AT were also compared to further confirm our results. Again, the low RF loss can be achieved by using a high resistivity buffer and a high resistivity Si substrate. Structure with an AlGaN buffer still has the lowest RF loss. At 10 and 40 GHz, the RF losses are 0.205 and 0.666 dB/mm, respectively.
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Hinz, Robert C. "Propagation characteristics of strapped coplanar waveguides." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/37302.
Full textAbstract:
The propagation characteristics of a new coupled fin line structure, with
asymetrical, rectangular, top and bottom housings, is evaluated by using the modal
analysis technique. The boundary Green's function of the structure, relating the surface
currents to the electric fields is derived by using this technique. The propagation
characteristics, i.e. propagation constant and impedances, of the structure are determined
by implementing Galerkin's procedure and the results are presented for a wide range of
possible structure dimensions. A CAD compatible, quasistatic analysis based on
conformal mapping of the rectangular housing structure and known coplanar waveguide
results is also presented. The results of the quasistatic analysis are shown to be in good
agreement with the fullwave simulation at low frequencies.<br>Graduation date: 1993
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Lin, Chien-Tang, and 林堅棠. "Design of Coplanar-Waveguide Branch-Line Couplers." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94651723551547386653.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>電信工程學研究所<br>88<br>This thesis is mainly concerned with the study of miniaturizing and broadbanding uniplanar branch-line coupler. The performances of the branch-line couplers are carefully examined, theoretically and experimentally.
Branch-line coupler is a key component in microwave circuits, which is composed of fourλ/4 transmission lines and occupies large circuit area. In this study, two types of branch-line couplers are proposed for size reduction. First, by using an impedance inverter to replace theλ/4 transmission line, a reduced-size impedance-inverter type branch-line coupler is proposed. The area of this coupler is reduced to 45% of the conventional one. Alternatively, another reduced-size branch-line coupler with six stubs is also proposed. Here, theλ/4 main line is replaced by the shorter, high-impedance line incorporated with three open stubs. For this coupler, its area is reduced to 35% of the conventional one.
Branch-line coupler has limited applications due to its narrow bandwidth. In order to achieve the broadband design, we add matching networks at the four ports individually, also with suitable design for size reduction. The reduced-size broadband branch-line coupler has 22% bandwidth and 1/4 of the conventional one.
These proposed reduced-size and broadband designs are suitable for use in uniplanar MIC/MMIC systems.
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Hsu, Min-Shun, and 許旻舜. "Coplanar Waveguide Coupled-Line Band-Pass Filters." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61501783618810208203.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>電信工程學研究所<br>92<br>Abstract
In this study, a novel type of CPW coupled-line bandpass filters is proposed, using additional lumped-elements to realize J- or K- inverters in conventional parallel coupled-line bandpass filter structure.
The proposed filters feature half the circuit area of the conventional ones, and exhibit no repeated passband at twice the center frequency. In addition, by introducing the cross-coupling effect, two transmission zeros at upper and lower stopbands may be created. The design method and the mechanism of the proposed filters are established and described in this thesis, so one can design the filter easily with the given specifications.
Finally, we provide two approaches to improve the performance of the proposed filter, and the simulation results agree quite well with the measurements ones.
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Xu, Yu-Hong, and 徐雨弘. "COPLANAR WAVEGUIDE COUPLED LINE FILTER WITH FLOATING STRIPS." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48555353068262264957.
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碩士<br>大同工學院<br>電機工程研究所<br>87<br>In this thesis, the influence of floating strips back on the conventional CPW filters is discussed. Several edge-coupled structures were made and tested. With floating strips, the tight coupling level can easily be achieved. Besides that, we also studied that the floating strips do help reduce other circuit losses (radiation loss, etc.). The coupling length should also be carefully selected as the floating strips may make the difference between even and odd mode phase constants even larger than that without floating strips. In our study, it is shown that coupling length of each section of the filter is better determined using the odd mode phase constant to practically achieve a better performance.
In our example, 50% bandwidth with center frequency at 3GHz can be achieved using 4 section edge coupled lines. The insertion loss in the pass-band is -1dB and no spurious response is found at frequency range twice the basic pass-band frequency.
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Du, Toit Johannes Bartholomeus. "Characterisation and phase compensation of a coplanar waveguide to coplanar strip line balun." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27413.
Full textAbstract:
A uniplanar balun that transforms unbalanced coplanar waveguide (CPW) to balanced coplanar strip line (CPS) is characterised through simulation and measurement. By illustrating the effect of many of the critical design parameters, the operation of this balun is discussed and a set of design criteria is defined. The parameter study discusses the size and shape of the radial open, the type and length of the CPW taper and the thickness and type of the bond wires. Newly developed etched bond wires are implemented to provide better manufacturing repeatability and reliability. A complete balun testing procedure is developed and described, consisting of three separate tests. The balun is tested in the normal back-to-back configuration, as a terminated single balun, and the magnitude and phase imbalance is also determined by using a three-port test circuit connected to the balun. The advantages of implementing this full test procedure, and thus fully characterising the balun under test, are emphasised throughout. Results obtained by using this procedure show that the basic balun works well over the full operating band, except for the phase imbalance, which is usable but not optimal. A simple technique to correct the phase imbalance of the balun is introduced, and validated through measurements of the balun connected to the three-port test circuit. As a final validation the balun is connected as feed for an etched dipole antenna for which good impedance matching and pattern results are shown. AFRIKAANS : ’n Enkelvlak balon (BALans-na-ONbalans) wat van ongebalanseerde enkelvlak golfgeleier (CPW) na gebalanseerde enkelvlak strooklyn (CPS) transformeer, word gekarakteriseer deur simulasie en metings. Deur die effek van baie van die kritiese ontwerpsparameters te demonstreer, word die werking van die balon bespreek en ’n stel ontwerpskriteria opgestel. Die parameter studie bespreek die radiale ope struktuur se vorm en grote, die tipe en lengte van die CPW transformator and die dikte en tipe van die konneksie drade. Nuut ontwikkelde geëtste konneksie drade word geïmplementeer om beter vervaardigingsherhaalbaarheid en betroubaarheid te verseker. ’n Volledige balon toetsprosedure word ontwikkel en beskryf en bestaan uit drie aparte toetse. Die balon word getoets in die normale rug-aan-rug konfigurasie, as ’n enkel getermineerde balon en die grote asook fase van die wanbalans word bepaal deur die gebruik van ’n drie-poort toetsbaan wat aan die balon gekoppel word. Die voordele verbonde daaraan om hierdie volledige toetsprosedure toe te pas, en daardeur die balon volledig te karakteriseer, word deurlopend beklemtoon. Die resultate wat hierdie prosedure oplewer wys dat die basiese balon goed werk oor die volledige frekwensieband, behalwe vir die fase-wanbalans parameter, wat bruikbaar, maar nie ideaal is nie. ’n Eenvoudige tegniek om die fase-wanbalans van die balon te korrigeer word bekend gestel en getoets deur die drie-poort toetsbaan weer te gebruik. As ’n finale validasie word die balon aan ’n geëtste dipool gekoppel word, waarvan goeie impedansie aanpassings en patrone gewys word. Copyright<br>Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2010.<br>Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering<br>unrestricted
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Chen, Teng-Kai. "Analysis and Design of a Multifunctional Spiral Antenna." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-08-11581.
Full textAbstract:
The Archimedean spiral antenna is well-known for its broadband characteristics with circular polarization and has been investigated for several decades. Since their development in the late 1950's, establishing an analytical expression for the characteristics of spiral antenna has remained somewhat elusive. This has been studied qualitatively and evaluated using numerical and experimental techniques with some success, but many of these methods are not convenient in the design process since they do not impart any physical insight into the effect each design parameter has on the overall operation of the spiral antenna. This work examines the operation of spiral antennas and obtains a closed-form analytical solution by conformal mapping and transmission line model with high precision in a wide frequency band.
Based on the analysis of spiral antenna, we propose two novel design processes for the stripline-fed Archimedean spiral antenna. This includes a stripline feed network integrated into one of the spiral arms and a broadband tapered impedance transformer that is conformal to the spiral topology for impedance matching the nominally-high input impedance of the spiral. A Dyson-style balun located at the center facilitates the transition between guided stripline and radiating spiral modes. Measured and simulated results for a probe-fed design operating from 2 GHz to over 20 GHz are in excellent agreements to illustrate the synthesis and performance of a demonstration antenna. The research in this work also provides the possibility to achieve conformal integration and planar structural multi-functionality for an Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV) with band coverage across HF, UHF, and VHF. The proposed conformal mapping analysis can also be applied on periodic coplanar waveguides for integrated circuit applications.
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HSUN, TSAI PEI, and 蔡沛勳. "High Frequency Power Amplifier by using Coplanar Waveguide Microstrip-Line Technology." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98464499653788404641.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>長庚大學<br>電子工程研究所<br>93<br>Abstract
The main purpose of this dissertation is utilizing coplanar waveguide Microstrip -line, which provides a simply layout of common ground structure . Besides ,it also can connect to active device ,capacitor and thin-film resistor easily. The operating DC power supply is 3 V. We use simulation tool ADS from Agilent corporation to simulate and analyze the circuits. The models of 0.15μm power HEMT, resistor, capacitance are given by WIN Semiconductor Crop. Layout software was demonstrated by using Cadence Virtuoso Layout Editor. We designed a wideband PA by using low -Q network matching theory. The PA achieve 22dB of gain、20 dBm of power and 11 % PAE. Measure PA wafer that used Vd1=1.2V 、Vd2=1.5V、Vd3=1.7V condition .The working Current is 345 mA、11.5dB of gain、15 dBm of power and 10.2 % PAE .
From simulating circuit and measuring results . Let us more understand RF circuits designs and their applications.
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Lin, Che-yu, and 林哲宇. "Common-Mode Noise Suppression for Bended Coplanar Transmission Line." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2b3ust.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>電子工程系<br>99<br>In the thesis, a compensation capacitance technique is proposed to eliminate the mode conversion induced by the bended differential transmission line using the right-angle bend, which includes the conventional coplanar waveguide using the right-angle bend and the bended differential transmission line using right-angle bend. The improvement is demonstrated as follows.
Firstly, a balanced coplanar waveguide using the right-angle bend is proposed to reduce the mode conversion of the conventional coplanar waveguide using the right-angle bend. The proposed structure does not need bond-wires, which therefore saves the PCB fabrication costs. The mode conversion of balanced coplanar waveguide using the right-angle bend is smaller than -11.73 dB from DC to 12 GHz, which is much lower than -3.51 dB of the conventional coplanar waveguide using the right-angle bend. Besides, the TDR amplitude of the balanced coplanar waveguide using the right-angle bend is 0.020 V, which is smaller than 0.043 V of the conventional coplanar waveguide using the right-angle bend.
Secondly, in order to reduce the mode conversion of bended differential transmission line using the right-angle bend, three structures are discussed, which includes the bended differential transmission line using the parallel plate capacitor, the bended differential transmission line using the L-shaped pad, and the bended differential transmission line using the SMD capacitor. First of all, the bended differential transmission line using the parallel plate capacitor can reduce the mode conversion in the frequency range from 1 to 2 GHz. Also, the amplitude of TDT common-mode noise at the receiving end is reduced from 0.089 V to 0.075 V whereas the amplitude of TDR differential-mode noise at the sending end is increased from 0.01 V to 0.093 V.
In order to further reduced the mode conversion, the bended differential transmission line using the L-shaped pad is proposed. It has been shown that the mode conversion is below -10 dB from DC to 6 GHz. Besides, the amplitude of TDT common-mode noise at the receiving end is reduced 0.072 V and the amplitude of TDR differential-mode noise at the sending end is reduced to 0.033 V.
Furthermore, in order to reduce the mode conversion, the bended differential transmission line using the SMD capacitor is used. The mode conversion is below -11.62 dB DC to 6 GHz. Besides, the amplitude of TDT common-mode noise at the receiving end is greatly reduced to 0.024 V whereas the amplitude of TDR differential-mode noise at the sending end is increased to 0.094 V.
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Tong, Gui-Xiang, and 童貴祥. "E-Band Waveguide-to-Planar Transmission Line Transitions." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qzezw4.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺北科技大學<br>電腦與通訊研究所<br>98<br>This thesis presents waveguide-to-planar transmission line transitions at E-band. Designs based on a progressive approach are proposed. A waveguide-to-suspended line transition is completed first. The feature of the antenna probe in this design is adopted for the design of a waveguide-to-shielded microstrip line transition. Then, an additional metallic piece with gradual changes in its inner dimensions provides smooth transition from a shield microstrip line to a regular microstrip line. Finally we propose two designs. one is waveguide-to-CPW transition, other is waveguide-to-GCPW transition. These transitions can improve convenience of device to active load. A finite element method based commercial CAD package, HFSS, is chosen to conduct the required simulations. The results are verified experimentally. It is shown that the proposed designs can offer an E-band waveguide-to- planar transmission line transition with low reflection, low insertion loss, broadband nature, and stable performance.
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Sun, Po-Chin, and 孫伯瑾. "Planar Transmission Line to Waveguide Polarizers and Substrate-Integrated Waveguide Power Dividers." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75rr52.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>電子工程系<br>107<br>In this thesis, waveguide polarizers fed by the planar transmission line and substrate-integrated waveguide power dividers are proposed. The details of the content are described below.
In Chapter 2, circular waveguide and rectangular waveguide polarizers fed by the planar transmission line are proposed. Since the antisymmetric tapered probe is used to feed the waveguide polarizers with double ridges and slots directly, the planar transmission line to waveguide transition and the polarizer can be integrated directly, reducing the circuit size. The circular waveguide and rectangular waveguide polarizers are implemented on the Rogers® RO4003 substrate of thickness 32 mil. The fractional bandwidths, in which the reflection coefficient is smaller than -10 dB, of these two polarizers are 24.6% and 35.1%, respectively, covering part of the X-band (8.2-12.4 GHz). The bandwidth of 3 dB Axial Ratio are 12.7% and 30.5%, respectively while the 909 phase shift are 14.6% and 9.2%, respectively.
In Chapter 3, several substrate-integrated waveguide power dividers implemented on the single layer Rogers® RO4003 substrate are proposed. First of all, the T-junction implemented with the 50-Ω microstrip line is used to achieve a broadband response of the reflection coefficient. Successively, the T-junction implemented with the low impedance microstrip line is used to reduce the circuit size of the power divider. Besides, the Wilkinson power divider is used to improve the isolation between the output ports of the power divider. The results are shown below.
The substrate-integrated waveguide power divider using the 50- microstrip line T-junction has a -15-dB reflection coefficient bandwidth of 37.9%, covering most bandwidth of the S-band (2.60-3.95 GHz). In this bandwidth, the transmission coefficient is smaller than -3.24 dB and the isolation is larger than -6.57 dB.
The substrate-integrated waveguide power divider using the low impedance microstrip line T-junction has a -15-dB reflection coefficient bandwidth of 46.5%, covering the whole S-band (2.60-3.95 GHz). In this bandwidth, the transmission coefficient is smaller than -3.24 dB and the isolation is larger than -5.57 dB. In addition, the area occupied is much smaller than that of the substrate-integrated waveguide power divider using the 50- microstrip line T-junction.
The substrate-integrated waveguide power divider using the Wilkinson power divider has a -15-dB reflection coefficient bandwidth of 34.7%, covering most bandwidth of the S-band (2.60-3.95 GHz). In this bandwidth, the transmission coefficient is smaller than -3.27 dB and the isolation is enhanced to be than -33.69 dB.
In order to reduce the cost, the single layer FR4 substrate is used to implement the power dividers mentioned above. The performance of the power dividers implemented with the FR4 substrate is similar to the performance of the power dividers implemented with the Rogers® RO4003 substrate except that the transmission coefficient would be deteriorated since the substrate loss of the FR4 substrate is larger than that of the Rogers® RO4003 substrate.
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Kuo, Che Yu, and 郭哲宇. "Design of X and K-band Mixer by using Microstrip-Line and Coplanar Waveguide Technology." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12406810261718882997.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>長庚大學<br>電子工程學研究所<br>97<br>In this thesis, X and K-band mixer circuits have been realized by using 0.5 m pHEMT and 0.15 m pHEMT process, respectively.
For X-band Gilbert cell downconverter mixer circuit, the measured and simulated results are very close, and the frequence range 7-19 GHz, conversion gain of is 4.5 dB, P1dB is -11 dBm, IIP3 of about 2dBm and power consumption is about 42mW.
For K-band sub-harmonic image rejection mixer circuit. The LO, IF and RF ports are terminated with a quadrature coupler, and the mirror signal can be suppressed by phase cancellation approach. The measured results show that the the conversion loss is 13 dB and image rejection ratio is 19 dB, and isolation are better 15 dB, and IIP3 of 12 dB.
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Tseng, Irving, and 曾爾凡. "Miniaturized Planar Transmission Line to Metallic Waveguide Transition and Polarizer." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86062381978769320699.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>電子工程系<br>104<br>In this discourse, two compact microwave components are proposed, which include the compact and broadband CPW-to-RWG transition using the inductance compensated phase shifter and the compact microstrip-fed CWG polarizer using the corner-truncated patch. The characteristics of each of them are described below.
In chapter 2, firstly, a CPW-to-RWG transition using the half-wavelength phase shifter is introduced. The transition has a broadband response in which the frequency range of the -15-dB reflection coefficient covers from 8.05 GHz to 12.18 GHz (FBW = 38.8%), almost encompassing the whole X-band (8.2-12.4 GHz). In order to reduce the size of the transition, the inductance-compensated phase shifter is used to replace the half-wavelength phase shifter, resulting in a compact and broadband CPW-to-RWG transition using the inductance-compensated phase shifter. The size of transition is 5.9×10.16×0.8 mm3 and the frequency range, for which the reflection coefficient is smaller than -15 dB, covers from 8.05 GHz to 12.38 GHz, estimating to be 42.04%. In order to verify the simulation results, two CPW-to-RWG transitions using the inductance-compensated phase shifter are back-to-back connected, fabricated, and measured. The measurement and simulation results are in reasonable agreement, which verifies our design.
In chapter 3, firstly, a MSL-to-CWG transition using the rectangular patch is introduced. The rectangular patch is placed 2.68 mm (0.043 λg) away from the short-circuited plane of the CWG port, making the transition very compact. Secondly, a MSL-fed CWG polarizer using the corner-truncated patch is proposed. The proposed polarizer has an axial ratio of 0.002 dB and a phase difference of -90.97° at 9.65 GHz. The reflection coefficient is below -20 dB around the center frequency 9.65 GHz. In additional, the proposed polarizer needs no complex manufacturing process on the waveguide. Moreover, since the polarizer is fed by the microstrip line, it would be easy to integrate with other planar circuits. In order to verify the simulation results, the CWG port of the MSL-fed CWG polarizer using the corner-truncated patch is opened, simulated and measured. The simulation and measurement results are in good agreement.
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Lin, Yi-Chieh, and 林義傑. "The Design of K and Ka-band low noise amplifier by using Coplanar Waveguide and Microstrip-Line Technology." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/a4ccq5.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>長庚大學<br>電子工程學研究所<br>96<br>Realization of the low noise amplifier (LNA) circuit has been performed by the use of WIN 0.15μm PHEMT MMIC process technology.The working frequency of circuit is in Ka-band of 30GHz.Using the Coplanar Waveguide as transmission line to replace the lumped elements,the matching of circuit elements was carried out. A lager associated gain was reached by using the cascade two stage circuits,and meanwhile, keep low noise characteristic.The S-parameters measurement results of LNA show that of 13.04dB， of -38.2 dB，and noise figure of below 3.41dB are achieved at 29.5GHz.
The k-band low noise amplifier circuit was performed under TSMC 0.13μm CMOS process technology.The designed center frequency is 24GHz and the microstrip line are used for passive elements designed.The first stage transistor was using field-plate technology.The key point design is that the field-plate metals were connected to gate electrode to improve device gate resistance( ) and device minimum noise figure . The S-paremeters measurement results of LNA are as: is 6.76dB and is -14.59dB.
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ZHAN, CHAO-FU, and 詹朝富. "The Study of 30GHz High Frequency Coplanar Waveguide Incorporated with Microstrip Line Circuit on Through Glass Via Substrate." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/v6eehf.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立高雄應用科技大學<br>電子工程系<br>105<br>30GHz high-frequency transmission circuit device of the coplanar waveguide-to-microstrip line transition is applied for through glass via substrate as a dielectric insulating substrate. The thickness of the dielectric substrate used in the parallel transmission structure is 300μm, and the substrate input/output port is control TEM mode excitation by the coplanar waveguide structure.
We have designed a 50.01 characteristic impedance coplanar waveguide with the center conductive width of 120μm and G-S-G pitch of 22.5μm and using tapered progressive structure to integrate the center conductor width of 480μm and 50.03 characteristic impedance microstrip transmission lines. In this design, taper transition structures can effective control the signal transmission process due to structural discontinuities caused by radiation and conductor loss to achieve the CPW-to-MSL impedance matching.
A Conductor back coplanar waveguide is intervened to gradually match the field distributions between the microstrip line and CPW provide TEM mode of CPW to MSL of Quasi-TEM smooth field transformation. The number of single-via / double-via / three-via metal connector array structure and via diameter is 100μm presented. In this design, metal connector array can provide the signal layer and ground plane continuity.
The TDR simulation results of Ansys HFSS time domain reflectometry show copper and nickel metal connector are 49.93ohm and 50.27ohm, respectively. The reflection and insertion loss results of the network analyzer measurements show (1)the three via structure aperture is 100μm to get the minimum S11 is -7.39dB and the maximum S21 is -5.62dB, (2) three-via structure aperture is 150μm to get the minimum S11 is -10.73dB and maximum S21 is -5.84dB. In this experiment, a high-frequency transmission element has been successfully developed. The measurement and simulation results are similar to the resonant frequencies in the reflection and insertion loss curves.
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Hung, Cheng-Fu, and 洪承甫. "Planar Transmission Line to Rectangular Waveguide Transition on Q-Band and V-Band." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80616317676673961117.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>電信工程學研究所<br>91<br>In this research, broadband planar transmission lines to waveguide transitions are developed based on the concept of the tapered slot probe and multi-section transformation.
The antenna reported has the broadband performance and compact size. In addition, it’s suitable for most cases no matter the permittivity of the substrate is low or high. When it is used in this structure, one is the antenna inserted into the E-plane of the end launcher of waveguide, and the other is slotline to microstrip or CPW transition. The third part is the slotline used to matched the two part mentioned above for wideband performance.
However, when the antenna is used on the high permittivity substrate, the structure must be modified because the bandwidth is limited by the high Q factor of the substrate. To solve this problem, the multi-section transformation is adopted for wideband matching. Besides, for ease of design, the genetic algorithm is used to optimise the performance of the transition. The results optimized by GA are also compared to those realized by the Chebyshev transformers.
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Zhao, Cheng. "Efficient methods for novel passive structures in waveguide and shielded transmission line technology." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/101563.
Full textAbstract:
With the rapid development of microwave and millimetre-wave systems, the performance requirements for passive band-pass filters and diplexers, as essential parts in these systems, are steadily increasing. Both rectangular waveguide and substrate-integrated waveguide technologies help to satisfy various high-performance requirements. Rectangular waveguides offer the advantages of low loss and high power handling capabilities, while substrate-integrated waveguides have the advantages of low cost and easy integration into planar circuit technology. Besides, the miniaturisation of electronic devices is of great importance, especially for microwave or millimetre-wave systems whose volume is limited by system considerations. Hence, the two main aims of this thesis are firstly to develop efficient methods which can improve the design reliability and reduce the design cycle of such passive devices, and secondly to present novel structures of band-pass filters and diplexers whose dimensions are reduced. In the first part of the thesis, a method based on the mode-matching technique is developed to rigorously and efficiently analyse the negative influence introduced by micromachining errors on the performance of band-pass H-plane iris filter. This analysis includes the effect on the centre frequency and 3 dB bandwidth caused by the round angles between waveguide walls and H-plane irises, or by the bevel angles on the H-plane irises. To remove these undesired influences, three approaches are proposed and verified with simulations performed with the finite-element method. In the next part, efficient approximation approaches are investigated in the framework of the mode-matching method to analyse the characteristics of cylindrical posts placed in the cross-section of a rectangular waveguide or substrate-integrated waveguide. Compared with the H-plane irises in rectangular waveguides, cylindrical posts are more promising for realising band-pass rectangular waveguide filters, because the geometries are easier to manufacture and less prone to machining errors. Thus, a general design procedure for band-pass post filters in rectangular waveguides and substrate-integrated waveguides is developed and verified with finite-element simulations and measurements on prototypes. The tolerance analysis for the band-pass filters is also explored quickly and accurately with the developed method, while the influence of realistic material losses on the insertion loss of various structures, is also quantitatively analysed with a full-wave simulation solver. Next, the characteristics of a shielded microstrip line for single-mode operation is investigated rigorously based on the mode-matching method. The research focuses on the influence of the metal enclosure dimensions on the fundamental mode, and the relationships between the cutoff frequency of the 2nd-order mode and the geometrical variables of the cross-section of the shielded transmission line. A similar method is then applied to an E-type folded substrate-integrated waveguide. The analysis demonstrates that the propagation characteristics for the first twenty modes in the E-type folded substrate-integrated waveguide and its corresponding equivalent rectangular waveguide are almost identical if the width of the middle metal vane in the E-type folded substrate-integrated waveguide is chosen reasonably. Exploiting this similarity property, a novel concept of band-pass post filter in E-type folded substrate-integrated waveguide technology is developed to reduce the band-pass filter dimension further, together with an efficient specific design procedure. The validity of the approach is verified via finite-element simulations and measurements on a fabricated prototype.
Finally, to reduce the sizes of common diplexers, four types of novel three-port junctions are proposed, including two improved Y-junctions in substrate-integrated waveguide technology, a double-layer junction in substrate-integrated waveguide technology, a Y-junction in T-type folded substrate-integrated waveguide technology, and a junction with stairs in T-type and E-type folded substrate-integrated waveguide technology. Exploiting the flexibility of the in-house developed mode-matching code or a commercial finite-element simulation solver, the characteristics for all presented junctions are shown to satisfy the constraints for optimum performance of diplexers when adjusting the relevant variables in the corresponding structures. Three types of these junctions are then utilised in realising diplexers whose performance is verified over the required operation bands with either numerical simulations or measurements on fabricated prototypes. In summary, this thesis has introduced novel concepts and realisations of compact band-pass filters and diplexers in unfolded or folded substrate-integrated waveguide technology, as well as related structures. One of the crucial aspects emphasised throughout the research is the need for efficient and accurate modelling methods specifically tailored to support such developments. This has been demonstrated throughout the thesis with the combined use of powerful numerical methods and equivalent models based on symmetries or unfolded geometries.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2016.
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Tu, Wen-Hua, and 涂文化. "Planar Transmission Line to Waveguide Transition Design and Cavity Modes Analysis in Hermetic Housing." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99787228761836745426.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>電信工程學研究所<br>89<br>Abstract
Due to low loss and high-power handling characteristics, metallic waveguides are still essential components in communication systems. Since planar transmission lines (such as microstrip lines and coplanar waveguides) are compact and easy to integrate with active devices (such as diodes and transistors), they are popular in solid-state microwave circuit design. Efficient transitions between waveguides and transmission lines are essential components in communication systems.
Ka-band transitions between microstrip line and waveguide are designed, simulated and measured. Good agreement between simulation and measurement is achieved. Two structures have been tried for the coplanar waveguide to waveguide transition design: one utilizing CPW-fed slot dipole endfire array and the other utilizing CPW-fed capacitive slot antenna. The former can’t achieve good transition since the finite-ground effects would significantly distort the far field radiation pattern of CPW-fed slot dipole endfire array. Simulation results show that the second design can achieve good transition. For a wider frequency band transition, the folded multiple-slot antenna can be employed.
Besides, hermetic package of RF front-end module would cause an undesired phenomenon of cavity mode. Simulation and suppression of such cavity modes will also be addressed in this thesis.
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Hsieh, Tsung-Han, and 謝宗翰. "Design and Analysis of Plasmonic Waveguide Bends Using Conformal Mapping Incorporated with Transmission-Line Network Approach: Comparisons with Numerical Results." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42591295178660529863.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立中央大學<br>光電科學與工程學系<br>101<br>This thesis describes an analytical approach to analyze subwavelength 90̊ curved waveguide bend in an asymmetric metal/multi-insulator configuration. This approach employs the conformal mapping to first transform a curved waveguide bend into an equivalent straight waveguide structure and then calculate the modal index of the guided mode under the continuously-varying index profile using the transmission line network method. The propagation loss and mode transition loss along the curved waveguide bend are quantified accordingly.
Based on the convergence of the attenuation constant at the operating wavelength of 1550 nm, the width of the silver region is set to 100 nm. We then define the effective transverse width as the integral of the transformed index profile over the transverse axis in the radial direction. When quantified as a function of the bending radius, the newly defined parameter is found to be in good agreement in tendency with the finite-difference-time-domain-method-based numerical simulations and can be used to describe physically the TM wave behavior along the curved bending. In general, the curved bending region along with the input/output straight sections can be treated conceptually as a structure composed of narrow, wide, narrow sections connected in sequence. Significant power loss occurs at the interface going from the wide section to the narrow section.
Following the analytical analysis and power interchange studies, the width of silicon and silica regions are reduced to 150 nm and 50 nm, respectively, and the respective TM and TE transmissions could be up to 90.50% and 93.22% with a curved bending area of 0.2165 /mum^2.
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Smith, Robert Levi. "Experimental evaluation of low-loss/non-dispersive terahertz waveguides." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/10800.
Full textAbstract:
Low-loss waveguides with minimal dispersion are desired throughout the electromagnetic spectrum. These properties are difficult to achieve in the Terahertz (THz) region due to material and geometric constraints. This thesis focuses on the design, fabrication, and testing of waveguide-based devices using two promising technologies: the free-space metallic-slit waveguide (MSWG) and the coplanar strip (CPS) waveguide on a thin (1 um) commercial silicon nitride membrane. The work presented here differs from standard THz waveguide research which commonly uses the field radiated by a photoconductive antenna (THz optics) for excitation and detection. To improve upon system integration, a focus is placed on planar waveguide devices without refractive THz elements. Three main waveguide devices are investigated. First, an edge-coupled MSWG-based linear tapered slot antenna (LTSA) was used for THz-Time Domain Spectroscopy (TDS). This device functions as an alternative to a standard photoconductive switch coupled to a silicon lens and maintains comparable performance. Next an edge-coupled tapered MSWG was investigated. The MSWG conductor separation was increased to a low-loss configuration where the field propagated for 24 mm, after which the conductors were tapered to focus the field onto the receiving active region where a THz-bandwidth pulse was detected. Finally a CPS waveguide was fabricated on a thin silicon nitride membrane where a THz-bandwidth pulse was detected after propagating for 10 mm. The active regions for this device were fabricated using a unique method. This method results in the creation of thousands of small (40 um x 20 um) active regions (from a 4 mm x 4 mm host substrate) which can be placed anywhere for THz excitation and detection. The small active regions in conjunction with the CPS waveguide on the silicon nitride membrane provide an excellent platform for THz system testing. A single membrane can host many THz circuits which can be made ``active" by the placement of a few thin-film photoconductive devices. Main potential future applications include waveguide-based spectroscopy and coherent THz-bandwidth circuit analysis.<br>Graduate